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EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES INCefsi-20161231exhibit321.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES INCefsi-20161231exhibit312.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES INCefsi-20161231exhibit311.htm
EX-23.2 - EXHIBIT 23.2 - EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES INCefsi-20161231exhibit232.htm
EX-23.1 - EXHIBIT 23.1 - EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES INCefsi-20161231exhibit231.htm
EX-21.1 - EXHIBIT 21.1 - EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES INCefsi-20161231exhibit211.htm



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ý
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
Commission File Number: 0-20146 
EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia
 
54-1601306
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
2 East Main Street
P.O. Box 391
Berryville, Virginia
 
22611
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(540) 955-2510
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, Par Value $2.50
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes   ¨    No  ý
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
 
¨
  
Accelerated filer
 
¨
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company.)
Smaller reporting company
 
ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 30, 2016 was $63,797,018.

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock ($2.50 par value) outstanding as of March 17, 2017 was 3,477,210.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.






EAGLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
INDEX TO FORM 10-K
 
 
 
 
PART I
 
 
Item 1.
Business
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Properties
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Item 9B.
Other Information
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 
 
 
PART IV
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

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PART I
Item 1. Business
General
Eagle Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company that was incorporated in 1991. The company is headquartered in Berryville, Virginia and conducts its operations through its subsidiary, Bank of Clarke County (the “Bank”). The Bank is chartered under Virginia law.
The Bank has twelve full-service branches and one drive-through only facility. The Bank’s main office is located at 2 East Main Street in Berryville, Virginia. The Bank opened for business on April 1, 1881. The Bank has offices located in Clarke County, Frederick County, and Loudoun County, as well as the Towns of Leesburg and Purcellville and the City of Winchester. This market area is located in the Shenandoah Valley and Northern Virginia.
The Bank offers a wide range of retail and commercial banking services, including demand, savings and time deposits and consumer, mortgage and commercial loans. The Bank has thirteen ATM locations in its trade area and issues both ATM cards and Debit cards to deposit customers. These cards can be used to withdraw cash at most ATM’s through the Bank’s membership in both regional and national networks. These cards can also be used to make purchases at retailers who accept transactions through the same regional and national networks. The Bank offers telephone banking, internet banking, and mobile banking to its customers. Internet banking also offers online bill payment to consumer and commercial customers. The Bank offers other commercial deposit account services such as ACH origination and remote deposit capture.
Eagle Investment Group (“EIG”), a division of the Bank, offers both a trust department and investment services. The trust services division of EIG offers a full range of personal and retirement plan services, which include serving as agent for bill paying and custody of assets, as investment manager with full authority or advisor, as trustee or co-trustee for trusts under will or under agreement, as trustee of life insurance trusts, as guardian or committee, as agent under a power of attorney, as executor or co-executor for estates, as custodian or investment advisor for individual retirement plans, and as trustee or trust advisor for corporate retirement plans such as profit sharing and 401(k) plans. The brokerage division of EIG offers a full range of investment services, which include tax-deferred annuities, IRAs and rollovers, mutual funds, retirement plans, 529 college savings plans, life insurance, long term care insurance, fixed income investing, brokerage CDs, and full service or discount brokerage services. Non-deposit investment products are offered through a third party provider.
In addition to the Bank, as of December 31, 2014, the Company had a wholly owned subsidiary, Eagle Financial Statutory Trust II, which was formed in connection with the issuance of $7,000,000 in trust preferred securities in 2007. On August 7, 2015, the Eagle Financial Statutory Trust II was dissolved. The Company’s subsidiary, Bank of Clarke County, is a partner in Bankers Title Shenandoah, LLC, which sells title insurance and is an investor in Virginia Bankers Insurance Center, LLC, which serves as the broker for insurance sales through its member banks. Bank of Clarke County is also an investor in State Theatre Owner, LLC which rehabilitated the State Theatre of Culpeper, Virginia and is an investor in Moore Street Investor, LLC which is rehabilitating two buildings located in Richmond, Virginia.
Employees
The Company, including the Bank, had 58 officers, 105 other full-time and 26 part-time employees (or 171 full-time equivalent employees) at December 31, 2016. None of the Company’s employees are represented by a union or covered under a collective bargaining agreement. The Company considers relations with its employees to be excellent.
Securities and Exchange Commission Filings
The Company maintains an internet website at www.bankofclarke.com. Shareholders of the Company and the public may access, free of charge, the Company’s periodic and current reports (including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports) filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, through the “Investor Relations” section of the Company’s website. The reports are made available on this website as soon as practicable following the filing of the reports with the SEC. The information is free of charge and may be reviewed, downloaded and printed from the website at any time.

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Competition
There is significant competition for both loans and deposits within the Company’s trade area. Competition for loans comes from other commercial banks, savings banks, credit unions, mortgage brokers, finance companies, insurance companies, and other institutional lenders. Competition for deposits comes from other commercial banks, savings banks, credit unions, brokerage firms, and other financial institutions. Based on total deposits at June 30, 2016 as reported to the FDIC, the Company has 6.7% of the total deposits in its market area. The Company’s market area includes Clarke County, Frederick County, Loudoun County and the City of Winchester.

Supervision and Regulation
General. As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the examination and reporting requirements of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. As a state-chartered commercial bank, the Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Virginia State Corporation Commission’s Bureau of Financial Institutions. It is also subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve Board. Other federal and state laws, including various consumer and compliance laws, govern the activities of the Bank, the investments that it makes and the aggregate amount of loans that it may grant to one borrower.
The following sections summarize the significant federal and state laws applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries. To the extent that statutory or regulatory provisions are described, the description is qualified in its entirety by reference to that particular statutory or regulatory provision.
The Bank Holding Company Act. Under the Bank Holding Company Act, the Company is subject to periodic examination by the Federal Reserve and is required to file periodic reports regarding its operations and any additional information that the Federal Reserve may require. Activities at the bank holding company level are limited to the following:
banking, managing or controlling banks;
furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiaries; and
engaging in other activities that the Federal Reserve has determined by regulation or order to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident to these activities.
Some of the activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined by regulation to be closely related to the business of a bank holding company include making or servicing loans and specific types of leases, performing specific data processing services and acting in some circumstances as a fiduciary or investment or financial adviser.
With some limited exceptions, the Bank Holding Company Act requires every bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before:
acquiring substantially all the assets of any bank;
acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank if after such acquisition it would own or control more than 5% of the voting shares of such bank (unless it already owns or controls the majority of such shares); or
merging or consolidating with another bank holding company.
In addition, and subject to some exceptions, the Bank Holding Company Act and the Change in Bank Control Act, together with their regulations, require Federal Reserve approval prior to any person or company acquiring 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the bank holding company. Prior notice to the Federal Reserve is required if a person acquires 10% or more, but less than 25%, of any class of voting securities of a bank or bank holding company and either has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or no other person owns a greater percentage of that class of voting securities immediately after the transaction.
In November 1999, Congress enacted the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”), which made substantial revisions to the statutory restrictions separating banking activities from other financial activities. Under the GLBA, bank holding companies that are well-capitalized and well-managed and meet other conditions can elect to become “financial holding companies.” As financial holding companies, they and their subsidiaries are permitted to acquire or engage in previously impermissible activities such as insurance underwriting, securities underwriting and distribution, travel agency activities, insurance agency activities, merchant banking and other activities that the Federal Reserve determines to be financial in nature or complementary to these activities. Financial holding companies continue to be subject to the overall oversight and supervision of the Federal Reserve, but the GLBA applies the concept of functional regulation to the activities conducted by subsidiaries. For example, insurance activities would be subject to supervision and regulation by state insurance authorities. Although the Company has not elected to become a financial holding company in order to exercise the broader activity powers provided by the GLBA, the Company may elect do so in the future.

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Payment of Dividends. The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank. The majority of the Company’s revenues are from dividends paid to the Company by the Bank. The Bank is subject to laws and regulations that limit the amount of dividends it can pay. In addition, both the Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory restrictions relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital at or above regulatory minimums. Banking regulators have indicated that banking organizations should generally pay dividends only if the organization’s current earnings are sufficient to fully fund the dividends and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Company does not expect that any of these laws, regulations or policies will materially affect the Bank's ability to pay dividends to the Company. Refer to Item 5 for additional information on dividend restrictions. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Bank paid $4.4 million in dividends to the Company. The Company paid cash dividends of $2.4 million to shareholders during 2016.
The FDIC has the general authority to limit the dividends paid by insured banks if the payment is deemed an unsafe and unsound practice. The FDIC has indicated that paying dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base to an inadequate level would be an unsound and unsafe banking practice.
Insurance of Accounts, Assessments and Regulation by the FDIC. The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act permanently raised the standard maximum deposit insurance amount to $250,000. The FDIC has implemented a risk-based assessment system in which assessment rates for insured institutions with under $10 billion in assets are calculated based on supervisory evaluations and certain other financial measures. The assessment base is an institution’s average consolidated total assets less average tangible equity, and the initial base assessment rates are currently between 3 and 30 basis points depending on the institutions risk category, and subject to potential adjustment based on certain long-term unsecured debt. Once the reserve ratio reaches 2.0% or greater, initial base assessment rates will range from 2 to 28 basis points and, once the reserve ratio reaches 2.5% or greater, the initial base assessment rate will range from 1 to 25 basis points.
Capital Requirements. The Federal Reserve and the other federal banking agencies have issued risk-based and leverage capital guidelines applicable to U.S. banking organizations. Those regulatory agencies may from time to time require that a banking organization maintain capital above the minimum levels because of its financial condition or actual or anticipated growth.
On June 7, 2012, the Federal Reserve issued a series of proposed rules intended to revise and strengthen its risk-based and leverage capital requirements and its method for calculating risk-weighted assets. The rules were proposed to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. On July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve approved certain revisions to the proposals and finalized new capital requirements for banking organizations.
Under the risk-based capital requirements of the Federal Reserve that became effective January 1, 2015, the Company and the Bank are required to maintain a minimum ratio to total capital (which is defined as core capital and supplementary capital less certain specified deductions from total capital such as reciprocal holdings of depository institution capital instruments and equity investments) to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0% (unchanged from the prior requirement). At least 6% of the total capital is required to be “Tier 1 capital,” which consists principally of common and certain qualifying preferred shareholders’ equity (including grandfathered trust preferred securities) as well as retained earnings, less certain intangibles and other adjustments (increased from the prior requirement of 4.0%). The “Tier 2 capital” consists of cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred stock, a limited amount of subordinated and other qualifying debt (including certain hybrid capital instruments), and a limited amount of the general loan loss allowance. A common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets was added with the new rules effective January 1, 2015.
Each of the federal bank regulatory agencies also has established a minimum leverage capital ratio of Tier 1 capital to average adjusted assets (“Tier 1 leverage ratio”). The guidelines require a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 3.0% for financial holding companies and banking organizations with the highest supervisory rating. All other banking organizations were required to maintain a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0% unless a different minimum was specified by an appropriate regulatory authority (unchanged from the prior requirement). In addition, for a depository institution to be considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, its Tier 1 leverage ratio must be at least 5.0%. Banking organizations that have experienced internal growth or made acquisitions are expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially above the minimum supervisory levels without significant reliance on intangible assets. The Federal Reserve has not advised the Company or the Bank of any specific minimum leverage ratio applicable to either entity.

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The capital requirements that became effective January 1, 2015 are the initial capital obligations, which will be phased in over a four-year period. When fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the rules will require the Company and the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% common equity Tier 1 ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0% upon full implementation); (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation); (iii) a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation); and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets.
The capital conservation buffer requirement is being phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing by the same amount each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.
With respect to the Bank, the Federal Reserve’s final rules also revised the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant to Section 38 of the FDIA by (i) introducing a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio requirement at each level (other than critically undercapitalized), with the required ratio being 6.5% for well-capitalized status; (ii) increasing the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement for each category, with the minimum ratio for well-capitalized status being 8.0% (as compared to the prior ratio of 6.0%); and (iii) eliminating the provision that provided that a bank with a composite supervisory rating of 1 may have a 3.0% Tier 1 leverage ratio and still be well-capitalized. These new thresholds were effective for the Bank as of January 1, 2015. The minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (10.0%) and minimum leverage ratio (5.0%) for well-capitalized status were unchanged by the final rules.
The new capital requirements also include changes in the risk weights of assets to better reflect credit risk and other risk exposures. These include a 150% risk weight (up from 100%) for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development, and construction loans and nonresidential mortgage loans that are 90 days past due or otherwise on nonaccrual status, a 20% (up from 0%) credit conversion factor for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not unconditionally cancellable, a 250% risk weight (up from 100%) for mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets that are not deducted from capital, and increased risk-weights (from 0% to up to 600%) for equity exposures.
Other Safety and Soundness Regulations. There are a number of obligations and restrictions imposed on bank holding companies and their depository institution subsidiaries by federal law and regulatory policy that are designed to reduce potential loss exposure to the depositors of such depository institutions and to the FDIC insurance funds in the event that the depository institution is insolvent or is in danger of becoming insolvent. For example, under the requirements of the Federal Reserve Board with respect to bank holding company operations, a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary depository institutions and to commit resources to support such institutions in circumstances where it might not do so otherwise. In addition, the “cross-guarantee” provisions of federal law require insured depository institutions under common control to reimburse the FDIC for any loss suffered or reasonably anticipated by the FDIC as a result of the insolvency of commonly controlled insured depository institutions or for any assistance provided by the FDIC to commonly controlled insured depository institutions in danger of failure. The FDIC may decline to enforce the cross-guarantee provision if it determines that a waiver is in the best interests of the deposit insurance funds. The FDIC’s claim for reimbursement under the cross guarantee provisions is superior to claims of shareholders of the insured depository institution or its holding company but is subordinate to claims of depositors, secured creditors and nonaffiliated holders of subordinated debt of the commonly controlled insured depository institutions.
Interstate Banking and Branching. Current federal law authorizes interstate acquisitions of banks and bank holding companies without geographic limitation. Effective June 1, 1997, a bank headquartered in one state is authorized to merge with a bank headquartered in another state, as long as neither of the states had opted out of such interstate merger authority prior to such date. After a bank has established branches in a state through an interstate merger transaction, the bank may establish and acquire additional branches at any location in the state where a bank headquartered in that state could have established or acquired branches under applicable federal or state law.

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Monetary Policy. The commercial banking business is affected not only by general economic conditions but also by the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board. The instruments of monetary policy employed by the Federal Reserve Board include open market operations in United States government securities, changes in the discount rate on member bank borrowing and changes in reserve requirements against deposits held by all federally insured banks. The Federal Reserve Board’s monetary policies have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. In view of changing conditions in the national and international economy and in the money markets, as well as the effect of actions by monetary fiscal authorities, including the Federal Reserve Board, no prediction can be made as to possible future changes in interest rates, deposit levels, loan demand or the business and earnings of the Bank.
Federal Reserve System. In 1980, Congress enacted legislation that imposed reserve requirements on all depository institutions that maintain transaction accounts or nonpersonal time deposits. NOW accounts, money market deposit accounts and other types of accounts that permit payments or transfers to third parties fall within the definition of transaction accounts and are subject to these reserve requirements, as are any nonpersonal time deposits at an institution.
The reserve percentages are subject to adjustment by the Federal Reserve Board. Because required reserves must be maintained in the form of vault cash or in a non-interest-bearing account at, or on behalf of, a Federal Reserve Bank, the effect of the reserve requirement is to reduce the amount of the institution’s interest-earning assets.
Transactions with Affiliates. Transactions between banks and their affiliates are governed by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. An affiliate of a bank is any bank or entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such bank. Generally, Sections 23A and 23B (i) limit the extent to which the Bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of such institution’s capital stock and surplus, and maintain an aggregate limit on all such transactions with affiliates to an amount equal to 20% of such capital stock and surplus, and (ii) require that all such transactions be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable, to the association or subsidiary as those provided to a nonaffiliate. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans, purchase of assets, issuance of a guarantee and similar other types of transactions.
Transactions with Insiders. The Federal Reserve Act and related regulations impose specific restrictions on loans to directors, executive officers and principal shareholders of banks. Under Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act, loans to a director, an executive officer and to a principal shareholder of a bank, and some affiliated entities of any of the foregoing, may not exceed, together with all other outstanding loans to such person and affiliated entities, the bank’s loan-to-one borrower limit. Loans in the aggregate to insiders and their related interests as a class may not exceed two times the bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus until the bank’s total assets equal or exceed $100,000,000, at which time the aggregate is limited to the bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. Section 22(h) also prohibits loans, above amounts prescribed by the appropriate federal banking agency, to directors, executive officers and principal shareholders of a bank or bank holding company, and their respective affiliates, unless such loan is approved in advance by a majority of the board of directors of the bank with any “interested” director not participating in the voting. The FDIC has prescribed the loan amount, which includes all other outstanding loans to such person, as to which such prior board of director approval is required, as being the greater of $25,000 or 5% of capital and surplus (up to $500,000). Section 22(h) requires that loans to directors, executive officers and principal shareholders be made on terms and underwriting standards substantially the same as offered in comparable transactions to other persons.
The Dodd-Frank Act also provides that banks may not “purchase an asset from, or sell an asset to” a bank insider (or their related interests) unless (i) the transaction is conducted on market terms between the parties, and (ii) if the proposed transaction represents more than 10 percent of the capital stock and surplus of the bank, it has been approved in advance by a majority of the bank’s non-interested directors.
Community Reinvestment Act. Under the Community Reinvestment Act and related regulations, depository institutions have an affirmative obligation to assist in meeting the credit needs of their market areas, including low and moderate-income areas, consistent with safe and sound banking practice. The Community Reinvestment Act directs each bank to maintain a public file containing specific information, including all written comments received from the public for the current year and each of the previous two calendar years that specifically relate to the bank’s performance in helping to meet community credit needs. Depository institutions are periodically examined for compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act and are periodically assigned ratings in this regard. Banking regulators consider a depository institution’s Community Reinvestment Act rating when reviewing applications to establish new branches, undertake new lines of business, and/or acquire part or all of another depository institution. An unsatisfactory rating can significantly delay or even prohibit regulatory approval of a proposed transaction by a bank holding company or its depository institution subsidiaries.


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The GLBA and federal bank regulators have made various changes to the Community Reinvestment Act. Among other changes, Community Reinvestment Act agreements with private parties must be disclosed and annual reports must be made to a bank’s primary federal regulator. A bank holding company will not be permitted to become a financial holding company and no new activities authorized under the GLBA may be commenced by a holding company or by a bank financial subsidiary if any of its bank subsidiaries received less than a “satisfactory” rating in its latest Community Reinvestment Act examination.
Fair Lending; Consumer Laws. In addition to the Community Reinvestment Act, other federal and state laws regulate various lending and consumer aspects of the banking business. Governmental agencies, including the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice, have become concerned that prospective borrowers experience discrimination in their efforts to obtain loans from depository and other lending institutions. These agencies have brought litigation against depository institutions alleging discrimination against borrowers. Many of these suits have been settled, in some cases for material sums, short of a full trial.
These governmental agencies have clarified what they consider to be lending discrimination and have specified various factors that they will use to determine the existence of lending discrimination under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act, including evidence that a lender discriminated on a prohibited basis, evidence that a lender treated applicants differently based on prohibited factors in the absence of evidence that the treatment was the result of prejudice or a conscious intention to discriminate, and evidence that a lender applied an otherwise neutral non-discriminatory policy uniformly to all applicants, but the practice had a discriminatory effect, unless the practice could be justified as a business necessity.
Banks and other depository institutions are also subject to numerous consumer-oriented laws and regulations. These laws, which include the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, and the Fair Housing Act, require compliance by depository institutions with various disclosure requirements and requirements regulating the availability of funds after deposit or the making of some loans to customers.
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 was signed into law on November 12, 1999. The GLBA covers a broad range of issues, including a repeal of most of the restrictions on affiliations among depository institutions, securities firms and insurance companies. The following description summarizes some of its significant provisions.
The GLBA repeals sections 20 and 32 of the Glass-Steagall Act, thus permitting unrestricted affiliations between banks and securities firms. It also permits bank holding companies to elect to become financial holding companies. A financial holding company may engage in or acquire companies that engage in a broad range of financial services, including securities activities such as underwriting, dealing, investment, merchant banking, insurance underwriting, sales and brokerage activities. In order to become a financial holding company, the bank holding company and all of its affiliated depository institutions must be well-capitalized, well-managed and have at least a satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act rating.
The GLBA provides that the states continue to have the authority to regulate insurance activities, but prohibits the states in most instances from preventing or significantly interfering with the ability of a bank, directly or through an affiliate, to engage in insurance sales, solicitations or cross-marketing activities. Although the states generally must regulate bank insurance activities in a nondiscriminatory manner, the states may continue to adopt and enforce rules that specifically regulate bank insurance activities in specific areas identified under the law. Under the new law, the federal bank regulatory agencies adopted insurance consumer protection regulations that apply to sales practices, solicitations, advertising and disclosures.
The GLBA adopts a system of functional regulation under which the Federal Reserve Board is designated as the umbrella regulator for financial holding companies, but financial holding company affiliates are principally regulated by functional regulators such as the FDIC for state nonmember bank affiliates, the Securities and Exchange Commission for securities affiliates, and state insurance regulators for insurance affiliates. It repeals the broad exemption of banks from the definitions of “broker” and “dealer” for purposes of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. It also identifies a set of specific activities, including traditional bank trust and fiduciary activities, in which a bank may engage without being deemed a “broker,” and a set of activities in which a bank may engage without being deemed a “dealer.” Additionally, the new law makes conforming changes in the definitions of “broker” and “dealer” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

9



The GLBA contains extensive customer privacy protection provisions. Under these provisions, a financial institution must provide to its customers, both at the inception of the customer relationship and on an annual basis, the institution’s policies and procedures regarding the handling of customers’ nonpublic personal financial information. The new law provides that, except for specific limited exceptions, an institution may not provide such personal information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that such information may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure. An institution may not disclose to a non-affiliated third party, other than to a consumer reporting agency, customer account numbers or other similar account identifiers for marketing purposes. The GLBA also provides that the states may adopt customer privacy protections that are more strict than those contained in the act.

Bank Secrecy Act. Under the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”), a financial institution is required to have systems in place to detect certain transactions, based on the size and nature of the transaction. Financial institutions are generally required to report cash transactions involving more than $10,000 to the United States Treasury. In addition, financial institutions are required to file suspicious activity reports for transactions that involve more than $5,000 and which the financial institution knows, suspects or has reason to suspect, involves illegal funds, is designed to evade the requirements of the BSA or has no lawful purpose. The USA PATRIOT Act, enacted in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, requires bank regulators to consider a financial institution’s compliance with the BSA when reviewing applications from a financial institution. As part of its BSA program, the USA PATRIOT Act also requires a financial institution to follow recently implemented customer identification procedures when opening accounts for new customers and to review lists of individuals and entities who are prohibited from opening accounts at financial institutions.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act represents a comprehensive revision of laws affecting corporate governance, accounting obligations and corporate reporting. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is applicable to all companies with equity securities registered or that file reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In particular, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act establishes: (i) new requirements for audit committees, including independence, expertise, and responsibilities; (ii) additional responsibilities regarding financial statements for the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the reporting company; (iii) new standards for auditors and regulation of audits; (iv) increased disclosure and reporting obligations for the reporting company and its directors and executive officers; and (v) new and increased civil and criminal penalties for violations of the securities laws. Many of the provisions were effective immediately while other provisions become effective over a period of time and are subject to rulemaking by the SEC. Because the Company’s common stock is registered with the SEC, it is currently subject to this Act.
Future Regulatory Uncertainty. Because federal and state regulation of financial institutions changes regularly and is the subject of constant legislative debate, the Company cannot forecast how federal and state regulation of financial institutions may change in the future and, as a result, impact our operations. The Company fully expects that the financial institution industry will remain heavily regulated in the near future and that additional laws or regulations may be adopted further regulating specific banking practices.
Incentive Compensation. In June 2010, the Federal Reserve issued a final rule on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. Banking organizations are instructed to review their incentive compensation policies to ensure that they do not encourage excessive risk-taking and implement corrective programs as needed. The Federal Reserve Board will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as the Bank, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews will be tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions.

10



Dodd-Frank Act. In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law, incorporating numerous financial institution regulatory reforms. The Dodd-Frank Act implements far-reaching reforms of major elements of the financial landscape, particularly for larger financial institutions. Many of its provisions do not directly impact community-based institutions like the Bank. For instance, provisions that regulate derivative transactions and limit derivatives trading activity of federally-insured institutions, enhance supervision of “systemically significant” institutions, impose new regulatory authority over hedge funds, limit proprietary trading by banks, and phase-out the eligibility of trust preferred securities for Tier 1 capital are among the provisions that do not directly impact the Bank either because of exemptions for institutions below a certain asset size or because of the nature of the Bank’s operations. Provisions that could impact the Bank include the following:

FDIC Assessments. The Dodd-Frank Act changed the assessment base for federal deposit insurance from the amount of insured deposits to average consolidated total assets less its average tangible equity. In addition, it increases the minimum size of the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) and eliminates its ceiling, with the burden of the increase in the minimum size on institutions with more than $10 billion in assets.
Deposit Insurance. As scheduled, the unlimited insurance for noninterest bearing transaction accounts provided under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act expired on December 31, 2012. Deposits held in noninterest bearing transaction accounts are now aggregated with any interest bearing deposits the owner may hold in the same ownership category, and the combined total is insured up to at least $250,000.
Interest on Demand Deposits. The Dodd- Frank Act also provides that, effective one year after the date of enactment, depository institutions may pay interest on demand deposits, including business transaction and other accounts.
Interchange Fees. The Federal Reserve set a cap on debit card interchange fees charged to retailers. While banks with less than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, are exempted from this measure, it is likely that all banks could be forced by market pressures to lower their interchange fees or face potential rejection of their cards by retailers.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The Dodd-Frank Act centralizes responsibility for consumer financial protection by creating a new agency, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, responsible for implementing federal consumer protection laws, although banks below $10 billion in assets will continue to be examined and supervised for compliance with these laws by their federal bank regulator.
Mortgage Lending. New requirements are imposed on mortgage lending, including new minimum underwriting standards, restrictions concerning loan originator compensation, qualifications of, and registration or licensing of loan originators, special consumer protections for mortgage loans that do not meet certain provision qualifications, prohibitions and limitations on certain mortgage terms and various new mandated disclosures to mortgage borrowers.
Holding Company Capital Levels. Bank regulators are required to establish minimum capital levels for holding companies that are at least as stringent as those currently applicable to banks. In addition, all trust preferred securities issued after May 19, 2010 will be counted as Tier 2 capital, but the Company’s currently outstanding trust preferred securities will continue to qualify as Tier 1 capital.
De Novo Interstate Branching. National and state banks are permitted to establish de novo interstate branches outside of their home state, and bank holding companies and banks must be well-capitalized and well managed in order to acquire banks located outside their home state.
Transactions with Affiliates. The Dodd-Frank Act enhances the requirements for certain transactions with affiliates under Section 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act, including an expansion of the definition of “covered transactions” and increasing the amount of time for which collateral requirements regarding covered transactions must be maintained.
Transactions with Insiders. Insider transaction limitations are expanded through the strengthening of loan restrictions to insiders and the expansion of the types of transactions subject to the various limits, including derivative transactions, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending or borrowing transactions. Restrictions are also placed on certain asset sales to and from an insider to an institution, including requirements that such sales be on market terms and, in certain circumstances, approved by the institution’s board of directors.
Corporate Governance. The Dodd-Frank Act includes corporate governance revisions that apply to all public companies, not just financial institutions, including with regard to executive compensation and proxy access to shareholders.
Many aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are subject to rulemaking and interpretation and will take effect over several years, and their impact on the Company or the financial industry is difficult to predict before such regulations are adopted.

11



 Volcker Rule. The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits insured depository institutions and their holding companies from engaging in proprietary trading except in limited circumstances, and prohibits them from owning equity interests in excess of 3% of Tier 1 capital in private equity and hedge funds (known as the “Volcker Rule”). On December 10, 2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies adopted final rules implementing the Volcker Rule. These final rules prohibit banking entities from (i) engaging in short-term proprietary trading for their own accounts, and (ii) having certain ownership interests in and relationships with hedge funds or private equity funds. The final rules are intended to provide greater clarity with respect to both the extent of those primary prohibitions and of the related exemptions and exclusions. The final rules also require each regulated entity to establish an internal compliance program that is consistent with the extent to which it engages in activities covered by the Volcker Rule, which must include (for the largest entities) making regular reports about those activities to regulators. Although the final rules provide some tiering of compliance and reporting obligations based on size, the fundamental prohibitions of the Volcker Rule apply to banking entities of any size, including the Company and the Subsidiary Banks. The final rules are effective April 1, 2014, but the conformance period has been extended from its statutory end date of July 21, 2014 until July 21, 2017. The Company has evaluated the implications of the final rules on its investments and does not expect any material financial implications.
Under the final rules implementing the Volcker Rule, banking entities would have been prohibited from owning certain collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) backed by trust preferred securities (“TruPS”) as of July 21, 2017, which could have forced banking entities to recognize unrealized market losses based on the inability to hold any such investments to maturity. However, on January 14, 2014, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim rule, effective April 1, 2014, exempting TruPS CDOs from the Volcker Rule if (i) the CDO was established prior to May 19, 2010, (ii) the banking entity reasonably believes that the offering proceeds of the CDO were used to invest primarily in TruPS issued by banks with less than $15 billion in assets, and (iii) the banking entity acquired the CDO on or before December 10, 2013. However, regulators are soliciting comments to the Interim Rule, and this exemption could change prior to its effective date. The Company currently does not have any impermissible holdings of TruPS CDOs under the interim rule, and therefore, will not be required to divest of any such investments or change the accounting treatment.
Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Rule. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB issued a final rule on January 10, 2013 (effective on January 10, 2014), amending Regulation Z as implemented by the Truth in Lending Act, requiring creditors to make a reasonable and good faith determination based on verified and documented information that a consumer applying for a mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms. Creditors are required to determine consumers’ ability to repay in one of two ways. The first alternative requires the creditor to consider the following eight underwriting factors when making the credit decision: (i) current or reasonably expected income or assets; (ii) current employment status; (iii) the monthly payment on the covered transaction; (iv) the monthly payment on any simultaneous loan; (v) the monthly payment for mortgage-related obligations; (vi) current debt obligations, alimony, and child support; (vii) the monthly debt-to-income ratio or residual income; and (viii) credit history. Alternatively, the creditor can originate “qualified mortgages,” which are entitled to a presumption that the creditor making the loan satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements. In general, a “qualified mortgage” is a mortgage loan without negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, or terms exceeding 30 years. In addition, to be a qualified mortgage the points and fees paid by a consumer cannot exceed 3% of the total loan amount. Qualified mortgages that are “higher-priced” (e.g. subprime loans) garner a rebuttable presumption of compliance with the ability-to-repay rules, while qualified mortgages that are not “higher-priced” (e.g. prime loans) are given a safe harbor of compliance. To meet the mortgage credit needs of a broader customer base, the Company is predominantly an originator of mortgages that are in compliance with the Ability-to-Pay rules.

Integrated Mortgage Disclosures under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X) and the Truth In Lending Act (Regulation Z). Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB issued a final rule on November 20, 2013 (effective on October 3, 2015), combining certain disclosures that consumers receive in connection with applying for and closing on a mortgage loan under the Truth in Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. The Bureau amended Regulation X (Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act) and Regulation Z (Truth in Lending) to establish new disclosure requirements and forms in Regulation Z for most closed-end consumer credit transactions secured by real property. In addition to combining the existing disclosure requirements and implementing new requirements imposed by the Dodd-Frank Act, the final rule provides extensive guidance regarding compliance with those requirements. The final rule applies to most closed-end consumer mortgages. It does not apply to home equity lines of credit, reverse mortgages, or mortgages secured by a mobile home or by a dwelling that is not attached to real property (in other words, land). The final rule also does not apply to loans made by a creditor who makes five or fewer mortgages in a year.

12



Flood Insurance Rule. On July 21, 2015, five federal regulatory agencies announced the approval of a joint final rule that modifies regulations that apply to loans secured by properties located in special flood hazard areas. The final rule implements provisions of the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 relating to the escrowing of flood insurance payments and the exemption of certain detached structures from the mandatory flood insurance purchase requirement. The final rule also implements provisions in the Biggert-Waters Act relating to the force placement of flood insurance.

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Final Rule. On October 15, 2015, the CFPB issued the final rule aimed at increasing the “quality and type” of HMDA data collected and reported by financial institutions. The final HMDA rule will expand the types of loans subject to reporting and increase the number of data fields. Lenders will have to collect and report additional information on applicants and borrowers, property used to secure loans, loan features and unique identifiers. The rule adds 25 new data points and amends 14 existing data points.

The most significant changes are not effective until January 1, 2018. On or before March 1, 2019, lenders will report the new data they collect in 2018.

Future Legislation and Regulation. Congress may enact legislation from time to time that affects the regulation of the financial services industry, and state legislatures may enact legislation from time to time affecting the regulation of financial institutions chartered by or operating in those states. Federal and state regulatory agencies also periodically propose and adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. The substance or impact of pending or future legislation or regulation, or the application thereof, cannot be predicted, although enactment of the proposed legislation could impact the regulatory structure under which the Company and the Bank operate and may significantly increase costs, impede the efficiency of internal business processes, require an increase in regulatory capital, require modifications to business strategy, and limit the ability to pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company or the Bank could have a material, adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company and the Bank. At this time, it is difficult to predict the legislative and regulatory changes that will result from the combination of a new President of the United States and the first year since 2010 in which both Houses of Congress and the White House have majority memberships from the same political party. In recent years, however, both the new President and senior members of the House of Representatives have advocated for significant reduction of financial services regulation, to include amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act and structural changes to the CFPB. The new administration and Congress also may cause broader economic changes due to changes in governing ideology and governing style. Future legislation, regulation, and government policy could affect the banking industry as a whole, including the business and results of operations of the Company and the Bank, in ways that are difficult to predict.


13



Item 1A. Risk Factors
The Company is subject to many risks that could adversely affect its future financial condition and performance and, therefore, the market value of its securities. The risk factors applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to the following:

Government measures to regulate the financial industry, including the Dodd-Frank Act, subject us to increased regulation and could adversely affect us.
As a financial institution, we are heavily regulated at the state and federal levels. As a result of the financial crisis and related global economic downturn that began in 2007, we have faced, and expect to continue to face, increased public and legislative scrutiny as well as stricter and more comprehensive regulation of our financial services practices. The Dodd-Frank Act includes significant changes in the financial regulatory landscape and will impact all financial institutions, including the Company and the Bank. Because the ultimate impact of the Dodd-Frank Act will depend on future regulatory rulemaking and interpretation, we cannot predict the full effect of this legislation on our businesses, financial condition or results of operations. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act and the regulations implemented thereunder limit debit card interchange fees, increase FDIC assessments, impose new requirements on mortgage lending, and establish more stringent capital requirements on bank holding companies. As a result of these and other provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act, we could experience additional costs, as well as limitations on the products and services we offer and on our ability to efficiently pursue business opportunities, which may adversely affect our businesses, financial condition or results of operations.
The Company’s success depends upon its ability to manage interest rate risk.
The profitability of the Company depends significantly on its net interest income, which is the difference between the interest earned on loans, securities and other interest-earning assets, and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Changes in interest rates will affect the rates earned on securities and loans and rates paid on deposits and other borrowings. While the Company believes that its current interest rate exposure does not present any significant negative exposure to interest rate changes, it cannot eliminate its exposure to interest rate risk because the factors which cause interest rate risk are beyond the Company’s control. These factors include competition, federal economic, monetary and fiscal policies, and general economic conditions.
The Company’s success depends upon its ability to compete effectively in the banking industry.
The Company’s banking subsidiary faces competition from banks and other financial institutions, including savings and loan associations, savings banks, finance companies and credit unions for deposits, loans and other financial services in our market area. Certain divisions within the banking subsidiary face competition from wealth management and investment brokerage firms. A number of these banks and other financial institutions are significantly larger and have substantially greater access to capital and other resources, as well as larger lending limits and branch systems, and offer a wider array of banking services. This competition may reduce or limit our margins and our market share and may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

The Company could be adversely affected by economic conditions in its market area.

The Company’s branches are located in the counties of Clarke, Frederick and Loudoun, the towns of Purcellville, Leesburg and Ashburn, and the City of Winchester. Because our lending is concentrated in this market, we will be affected by the general economic conditions in these areas. Changes in the economy may influence the growth rate of our loans and deposits, the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing. A decline in general economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, unemployment or other factors beyond our control would impact the demand for banking products and services generally, which could negatively affect our financial condition and performance.


14



The Company is subject to more stringent capital and liquidity requirements as a result of the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and the Dodd-Frank Act, the short-term and long-term impact of which is uncertain.

The Company and the Bank are each subject to capital adequacy guidelines and other regulatory requirements specifying minimum amounts and types of capital which each must maintain. From time to time, regulators implement changes to these regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the federal banking agencies have established stricter capital requirements and leverage limits for banks and bank holding companies that are based on the Basel III regulatory capital reforms. The Basel III Capital Rules require bank holding companies and their subsidiaries, to maintain significantly more capital and adopted more demanding regulatory capital risk weightings and calculations. As a result of the Basel III Capital Rules, many community banks could be forced to limit banking operations and activities, and growth of loan portfolios, in order to focus on retention of earnings to improve capital levels. The Company believes that it maintains sufficient levels of Tier 1 and Common Equity Tier 1 capital to comply with the Basel III Final Rules. However, if the Company and the Bank fail to meet these minimum capital guidelines and/or other regulatory requirements, the Company could be subject to regulatory restrictions, including limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses, or experience other adverse consequences that could cause its financial condition to be materially and adversely affected.

New regulations issued by the CFPB could adversely impact the Company’s earnings.

The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority to administer and carry out the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act with respect to financial institutions that offer covered financial products and services to consumers. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB issued a final rule effective January 10, 2014, requiring mortgage lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination based on verified and documented information that a consumer applying for a mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms, or to originate “qualified mortgages” that meet specific requirements with respect to terms, pricing and fees. The new rule also contains new disclosure requirements at mortgage loan origination and in monthly statements. These requirements could limit the Company’s ability to make certain types of loans or loans to certain borrowers, or could make it more expensive and/or time consuming to make these loans, which could adversely impact the Company’s profitability.
The Company’s concentration in loans secured by real estate may increase its credit losses, which would negatively affect our financial results.
At December 31, 2016, loans secured by real estate totaled $471.8 million and represented 91.28% of the Company’s loan portfolio. If we experience further adverse changes in the local real estate market or in the local or national economy, borrowers’ ability to pay these loans may be further impaired, which could impact the Company’s financial performance. The Company attempts to limit its exposure to this risk by applying good underwriting practices at origination, evaluating the appraisals used to establish property values, and routinely monitoring the financial condition of borrowers. If the value of real estate serving as collateral for the loan portfolio were to continue to decline materially, a significant part of the loan portfolio could become under-collateralized. If the loans that are secured by real estate become troubled when real estate market conditions are declining or have declined, in the event of foreclosure, the Company may not be able to realize the amount of collateral that was anticipated at the time of originating the loan. In that event, the Company might have to increase the provision for loan losses, which could have a material adverse effect on its operating results and financial condition.

15



An inadequate allowance for loan losses would reduce our earnings.
Our earnings are significantly affected by our ability to properly originate, underwrite and service loans. We maintain an allowance for loan losses based upon many factors, including the following:
 
actual loan loss history;
volume, growth, and composition of the loan portfolio;
the amount of non-performing loans and the value of their related collateral;
the effect of changes in the local real estate market on collateral values;
the effect of current economic conditions on a borrower’s ability to pay; and
other factors deemed relevant by management.

These determinations are based upon estimates that are inherently subjective, and their accuracy depends on the outcome of future events; therefore, realized losses may differ from current estimates. Changes in economic, operating, and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, which are generally beyond our control, could increase actual loan losses significantly. As a result, actual losses could exceed our current allowance estimate. We cannot provide assurance that our allowance for loan losses is sufficient to cover actual loan losses should such losses differ significantly from the current estimates.
In addition, there can be no assurance that our methodology for assessing our asset quality will succeed in properly identifying impaired loans or calculating an appropriate loan loss allowance. We could sustain losses if we incorrectly assess the creditworthiness of our borrowers or fail to detect or respond to deterioration in asset quality in a timely manner. If our assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect and the allowance for loan losses is inadequate to absorb losses, or if bank regulatory authorities require us to increase the allowance for loan losses as a part of their examination process, our earnings and capital could be significantly and adversely affected.

The Company’s operations may be adversely affected by cyber security risks.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company collects and stores sensitive data, including proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of its customers and employees in systems and on networks. The secure processing, maintenance, and use of this information is critical to the Company's operations and business strategy. In addition, the Company relies heavily on communications and information systems to conduct its business. Any failure, interruption, or breach in security or operational integrity of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in the Company's customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan, and other systems. The Company has invested in accepted technologies, and continually reviews processes and practices that are designed to protect its networks, computers, and data from damage or unauthorized access. Despite these security measures, the Company’s computer systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions. A breach of any kind could compromise systems and the information stored there could be accessed, damaged, or disclosed. A breach in security or other failure could result in legal claims, regulatory penalties, disruption in operations, increased expenses, loss of customers and business partners, and damage to the Company’s reputation, which could adversely affect its business and financial condition. Furthermore, as cyber threats continue to evolve and increase, the Company may be required to expend significant additional financial and operational resources to modify or enhance its protective measures, or to investigate and remediate any identified information security vulnerabilities.
The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the financial instrument exposure due us. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

16



The Company may not be able to successfully manage its growth or implement its growth strategy, which may adversely affect results of operations and financial condition.
A key component of the Company’s business strategy is to continue to grow and expand. The Company’s ability to grow and expand depends upon its ability to open new branch locations, attract new deposits to the existing and new branch locations, and identify attractive loan and investment opportunities. The Company may not be able to implement its growth strategy if it is unable to identify attractive markets or branch locations. Once identified, successfully managing growth will depend on integrating the new branch locations while maintaining adequate capital, cost controls and asset quality. As this growth strategy is implemented, the Company will incur construction costs and increased personnel, occupancy and other operating expenses. Because these costs are incurred before new deposits and loans are generated, adding new branch locations will initially decrease earnings, despite efficient execution of this strategy.
The Company relies heavily on its senior management team and the unexpected loss of key officers could adversely affect operations.
The Company believes that its growth and success depends heavily upon the skills of its senior management team. The Company also depends on the experience of its subsidiary’s officers and on their relationships with the customers they serve. The loss of one or more of these officers could disrupt the Company’s operations and impair its ability to implement its business strategy, which could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and performance.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

Item 2. Properties
The Company owns or leases buildings which are used in normal business operations. The Company’s corporate headquarters, and that of Bank of Clarke County, is located at 2 East Main Street, Berryville, Virginia, 22611. At December 31, 2016, Bank of Clarke County operated twelve full-service branches and one drive-through only facility in the Virginia communities of Berryville, Winchester, Boyce, Stephens City, Purcellville, Leesburg and Ashburn. See Note 1 “Nature of Banking Activities and Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 6 “Bank Premises and Equipment, Net” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” of this Form 10-K for information with respect to the amounts at which bank premises and equipment are carried and commitments under long-term leases.
All of the Company’s properties are well maintained, are in good operating condition and are adequate for the Company’s present and anticipated future needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings
There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or of which the property of the Company is subject.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.

17






PART II


Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company’s common stock trades on the OTC Markets Group's OTCQX Market under the symbol “EFSI.” The OTC Markets Group provides information about the common stock to professional market makers who match sellers with buyers. Securities brokers can obtain information from the OTC Markets Group when working with clients. When a client decides to initiate a transaction, the broker will contact one of the stock’s market makers.
The Company has a limited record of trades involving its common stock in the sense of “bid” and “ask” prices or in highs and lows. The effort to accurately disclose trading prices is made more difficult due to the fact that price per share information is not required to be disclosed to the Company when shares of its stock have been sold by holders and purchased by others. The table titled “Common Stock Market Price and Dividend Data” summarizes the high and low sales prices of shares of the Company’s common stock on the basis of trades known to the Company (including trades through the OTC Markets Group) and dividends declared during 2016 and 2015. The Company may not be aware of the per share price of all trades made.
Common Stock Market Price and Dividend Data
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Dividends Per Share
 
 
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
 
2016
 
2015
1st Quarter
 
$24.00
 
$22.85
 
$24.50
 
$22.85
 
$0.20
 
$0.20
2nd Quarter
 
23.74
 
22.25
 
26.25
 
23.10
 
0.20
 
0.20
3rd Quarter
 
23.99
 
22.70
 
24.80
 
22.90
 
0.20
 
0.20
4th Quarter
 
26.00
 
23.26
 
24.00
 
22.85
 
0.22
 
0.20
As of March 17, 2017, the Company had approximately 1,013 shareholders of record.
The Company has historically paid dividends on a quarterly basis. The final determination of the timing, amount and payment of dividends on the Common Stock is at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. Some of the factors affecting the payment of dividends on the Company’s common stock are operating results, financial condition, capital adequacy, regulatory requirements and shareholders returns.
The Company is organized under the Virginia Stock Corporation Act, which prohibits the payment of a dividend if, after giving it effect, the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business or if the corporation’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if the corporation were to be dissolved, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of any preferred shareholders.
The Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. Its ability to distribute cash dividends will depend primarily on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to it, and the Bank is subject to laws and regulations that limit the amount of dividends that it can pay. As a state member bank, the Bank is subject to certain restrictions imposed by the reserve and capital requirements of federal and Virginia banking statutes and regulations. Under Virginia law, a bank may not declare a dividend in excess of its undivided profits. Additionally, the Bank may not declare a dividend if the total amount of all dividends, including the proposed dividend, declared by it in any calendar year exceeds the total of its retained net income of that year to date, combined with its retained net income of the two preceding years, unless the dividend is approved by the Federal Reserve.
The Federal Reserve and the state of Virginia have the general authority to limit the dividends paid by insured banks if the payment is deemed an unsafe and unsound practice. Both the state of Virginia and the Federal Reserve have indicated that paying dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base to an inadequate level would be an unsound and unsafe banking practice. Under the Federal Reserve’s regulations, the Bank may not declare or pay any dividend in excess of its net income for the current year plus any retained net income from the prior two calendar years. The Bank may also not declare or pay a dividend without the approval of its board and two-thirds of its shareholders if the dividend would exceed its undivided profits, as reported to the Federal Reserve.

18



In addition, the Company is subject to certain regulatory requirements to maintain capital at or above regulatory minimums. These regulatory requirements regarding capital affect its dividend policies. The Federal Reserve has indicated that a bank holding company should generally pay dividends only if its current earnings are sufficient to fully fund the dividends, and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for the Quarter Ended December 31, 2016
On June 15, 2016, the Corporation renewed the stock repurchase program to repurchase up to 150,000 shares of its common stock prior to June 30, 2017. During 2016, the Company purchased 89,607 shares of its Common Stock under its stock repurchase program at an average price of $23.92.
The following table details the Company's purchases of its common stock during the fourth quarter pursuant to the Stock Repurchase program renewed on June 15, 2016. The Company authorized 150,000 shares for repurchase under the Stock Repurchase program. The program has an expiration date of June 30, 2017.
 
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan
 
Maximum Number of Shares that may Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
October 1 - October 31, 2016
 
8,090

 
$
23.70

 
8,090

 
72,806

November 1 - November 30, 2016
 
3,572

 
24.26

 
11,662

 
69,234

December 1 - December 31, 2016
 
8,841

 
24.51

 
20,503

 
60,393

 
 
20,503

 
$
24.15

 
20,503

 
60,393

Stock Performance
The following line graph compares the cumulative total return to the shareholders of the Company to the returns of the NASDAQ Bank Index and the NASDAQ Composite Index for the last five years. The amounts in the table represent the value of the investment on December 31st of the year indicated, assuming $100 was initially invested on December 31, 2011 and the reinvestment of dividends. See Management Discussion and Analysis sections Liquidity and Capital Resources and Note 17, “Restrictions on Dividends, Loans and Advances” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on Eagle Financial Services, Inc. ability and intent to pay dividends.
 
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
Eagle Financial Services, Inc.
 
$
100

 
$
136

 
$
144

 
$
154

 
$
158

 
$
183

NASDAQ Bank Index
 
100

 
116

 
161

 
165

 
176

 
238

NASDAQ Composite Index
 
100

 
116

 
160

 
182

 
192

 
207



19



efsi-201512_chartx31068a01.jpg


20





Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table presents selected financial data, which was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements for the periods indicated.
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Income Statement Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and dividend income
 
$
25,785

 
$
24,493

 
$
24,850

 
$
25,036

 
$
26,566

Interest expense
 
1,067

 
1,347

 
1,912

 
2,585

 
3,384

Net interest income
 
$
24,718

 
$
23,146

 
$
22,938

 
$
22,451

 
$
23,182

(Recovery of) provision for loan losses
 
(188
)
 
(227
)
 
350

 

 
1,660

Net interest income after (recovery of) provision for loan losses
 
$
24,906

 
$
23,373

 
$
22,588

 
$
22,451

 
$
21,552

Noninterest income
 
6,669

 
8,438

 
6,606

 
7,462

 
6,127

Net revenue
 
$
31,575

 
$
31,811

 
$
29,194

 
$
29,913

 
$
27,649

Noninterest expenses
 
22,652

 
22,481

 
19,986

 
20,367

 
18,540

Income before income taxes
 
$
8,923

 
$
9,330

 
$
9,208

 
$
9,546

 
$
9,109

Income tax expense
 
2,553

 
2,433

 
2,068

 
2,388

 
2,559

Net Income
 
$
6,370

 
$
6,897

 
$
7,140

 
$
7,158

 
$
6,550

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets
 
0.96
%
 
1.10
%
 
1.19
%
 
1.23
%
 
1.15
%
Return on average equity
 
7.98
%
 
9.00
%
 
10.25
%
 
11.04
%
 
10.71
%
Shareholders’ equity to assets
 
11.34
%
 
11.97
%
 
11.67
%
 
11.32
%
 
10.74
%
Dividend payout ratio
 
45.30
%
 
40.61
%
 
37.03
%
 
36.02
%
 
37.10
%
Non-performing loans to total loans
 
1.35
%
 
1.13
%
 
2.28
%
 
1.00
%
 
0.63
%
Non-performing assets to total assets
 
1.05
%
 
0.95
%
 
2.04
%
 
1.04
%
 
0.94
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Per Common Share Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income, basic
 
$
1.81

 
$
1.97

 
$
2.08

 
$
2.11

 
$
1.97

Net income, diluted
 
1.81

 
1.97

 
2.08

 
2.11

 
1.96

Cash dividends declared
 
0.82

 
0.80

 
0.77

 
0.76

 
0.73

Book value
 
23.01

 
22.25

 
21.01

 
19.57

 
19.11

Market price
 
25.75

 
23.00

 
23.30

 
22.50

 
22.00

Average shares outstanding, basic
 
3,518,848

 
3,495,334

 
3,438,348

 
3,386,467

 
3,333,235

Average shares outstanding, diluted
 
3,518,848

 
3,495,334

 
3,438,646

 
3,387,212

 
3,343,212

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securities
 
$
120,330

 
$
107,719

 
$
96,973

 
$
104,790

 
$
105,531

Total loans
 
516,942

 
495,573

 
469,820

 
444,273

 
418,097

Total assets
 
700,149

 
653,272

 
630,158

 
586,444

 
593,276

Total deposits
 
603,877

 
550,718

 
503,816

 
487,587

 
477,101

Shareholders’ equity
 
79,416

 
78,221

 
73,132

 
66,406

 
63,706






21




Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation
The purpose of this discussion is to focus on the important factors affecting the financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources of Eagle Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”). This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K.
GENERAL
The Company is a bank holding company which owns 100% of the stock of Bank of Clarke County (the “Bank”). Accordingly, the results of operations for the Company are dependent upon the operations of the Bank. The Bank conducts commercial banking business which consists of attracting deposits from the general public and investing those funds in commercial, consumer and real estate loans and corporate, municipal and U.S. government agency securities. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to the extent permitted by law. At December 31, 2016, the Company had total assets of $700.1 million, net loans of $512.4 million, total deposits of $603.9 million and shareholders’ equity of $79.4 million. The Company’s net income was $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.
MANAGEMENT’S STRATEGY
The Company strives to be an outstanding financial institution in its market by building solid sustainable relationships with: (1) its customers, by providing highly personalized customer service, a network of conveniently placed branches and ATMs, a competitive variety of products/services and courteous, professional employees, (2) its employees, by providing generous benefits, a positive work environment, advancement opportunities and incentives to exceed expectations, (3) its communities, by participating in local concerns, providing monetary support, supporting employee volunteerism and providing employment opportunities, and (4) its shareholders, by providing sound profits and returns, sustainable growth, regular dividends and committing to our local, independent status.
OPERATING STRATEGY
The Bank is a locally owned and managed financial institution. This allows the Bank to be flexible and responsive in the products and services it offers. The Bank grows primarily by lending funds to local residents and businesses at a competitive price that reflects the inherent risk of lending. The Bank attempts to fund these loans through deposits gathered from local residents and businesses. The Bank prices its deposits by comparing alternative sources of funds and selecting the lowest cost available. When deposits are not adequate to fund asset growth, the Bank relies on borrowings, both short and long term. The Bank’s primary source of borrowed funds is the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta which offers numerous terms and rate structures to the Bank.
As interest rates change, the Bank attempts to maintain its net interest margin. This is accomplished by changing the price, terms, and mix of its financial assets and liabilities. The Bank also earns fees on services provided through Eagle Investment Group, which is the Bank’s investment management division that offers both trust services and investment sales, mortgage originations and deposit operations. The Bank also incurs noninterest expenses associated with compensating employees, maintaining and acquiring fixed assets, and purchasing goods and services necessary to support its daily operations.
The Bank has a marketing department which seeks to develop new business. This is accomplished through an ongoing calling program whereby account officers visit with existing and potential customers to discuss the products and services offered. The Bank also utilizes traditional advertising such as television commercials, radio ads, newspaper ads, and billboards.
LENDING POLICIES
Administration and supervision over the lending process is provided by the Bank’s Credit Administration Department. The principal risk associated with the Bank’s loan portfolio is the creditworthiness of its borrowers. In an effort to manage this risk, the Bank’s policy gives loan amount approval limits to individual loan officers based on their position and level of experience. Credit risk is increased or decreased, depending on the type of loan and prevailing economic conditions. In consideration of the different types of loans in the portfolio, the risk associated with real estate mortgage loans, commercial loans and consumer loans varies based on employment levels, consumer confidence, fluctuations in the value of real estate and other conditions that affect the ability of borrowers to repay debt.
The Company has written policies and procedures to help manage credit risk. The Company utilizes a loan review process that includes formulation of portfolio management strategy, guidelines for underwriting standards and risk assessment, procedures for ongoing identification and management of credit deterioration, and regular portfolio reviews to establish loss exposure and to ascertain compliance with the Company’s policies.


22



The Bank uses a tiered approach to approve credit requests consisting of individual lending authorities, a senior management loan committee, and a director loan committee. Lending limits for individuals and the Senior Loan Committee are set by the Board of Directors and are determined by loan purpose, collateral type, and internal risk rating of the borrower. The highest individual authority (Category I) is assigned to the Bank’s President / Chief Executive Officer, Senior Loan Officer and Senior Credit Officer (approval authority only). Two officers in Category I may combine their authority to approve loan requests to borrowers with credit exposure up to $1,000,000 on a secured basis and $500,000 unsecured. Officers in Category II, III, IV, V, VI and VII have lesser authorities and with approval of a Category I officer may extend loans to borrowers with exposure of $500,000 on a secured basis and $250,000 unsecured. Loan exposures up to $1,000,000 may be approved with the concurrence of two, Category I officers. Loans to borrowers with total credit exposures between $1,000,000 and $3,000,000 are approved by the Senior Loan Committee consisting of the President, Chief Operating Officer, Senior Loan Officer, Senior Credit Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Approval of the Senior Loan Committee is required prior to being referred to the Director Loan Committee for approval. Loans exceeding $3,000,000 and up to the Bank’s legal lending limit can be approved by the Director Loan Committee consisting of four directors (three directors constituting a quorum). The Director’s Loan Committee also reviews and approves changes to the Bank’s Loan Policy as presented by management.
The following sections discuss the major loan categories within the total loan portfolio:
One-to-Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending
Residential lending activity may be generated by the Bank’s loan officer solicitations, referrals by real estate professionals, and existing or new bank customers. Loan applications are taken by a Bank loan officer. As part of the application process, information is gathered concerning income, employment and credit history of the applicant. The valuation of residential collateral is provided by independent fee appraisers who have been approved by the Bank’s Directors Loan Committee. In connection with residential real estate loans, the Bank requires title insurance, hazard insurance and, if applicable, flood insurance. In addition to traditional residential mortgage loans secured by a first or junior lien on the property, the Bank offers home equity lines of credit.
Commercial Real Estate Lending
Commercial real estate loans are secured by various types of commercial real estate in the Bank’s market area, including multi-family residential buildings, commercial buildings and offices, small shopping centers and churches. Commercial real estate loan originations are obtained through broker referrals, direct solicitation of developers and continued business from customers. In its underwriting of commercial real estate, the Bank’s loan to original appraised value ratio is generally 80% or less. Commercial real estate lending entails significant additional risk as compared with residential mortgage lending. Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Additionally, the repayment of loans secured by income producing properties is typically dependent on the successful operation of a business or a real estate project and thus may be subject, to a greater extent, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy, in general. The Bank’s commercial real estate loan underwriting criteria require an examination of debt service coverage ratios, the borrower’s creditworthiness, prior credit history and reputation, and the Bank typically requires personal guarantees or endorsements of the borrowers’ principal owners.
Construction and Land Development Lending
The Bank makes local construction loans, primarily residential, and land acquisition and development loans. The construction loans are secured by residential houses under construction and the underlying land for which the loan was obtained. The average life of most construction loans is less than one year and the Bank offers both fixed and variable rate interest structures. The interest rate structure offered to customers depends on the total amount of these loans outstanding and the impact of the interest rate structure on the Bank’s overall interest rate risk. There are two characteristics of construction lending which impact its overall risk as compared to residential mortgage lending. First, there is more concentration risk due to the extension of a large loan balance through several lines of credit to a single developer or contractor. Second, there is more collateral risk due to the fact that loan funds are provided to the borrower based upon the estimated value of the collateral after completion. This could cause an inaccurate estimate of the amount needed to complete construction or an excessive loan-to-value ratio. To mitigate the risks associated with construction lending, the Bank generally limits loan amounts to 80% of the estimated appraised value of the finished home. The Bank also obtains a first lien on the property as security for its construction loans and typically requires personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners. Finally, the Bank performs inspections of the construction projects to ensure that the percentage of construction completed correlates with the amount of draws on the construction line of credit.


23



Commercial and Industrial Lending
Commercial business loans generally have more risk than residential mortgage loans, but have higher yields. To manage these risks, the Bank generally obtains appropriate collateral and personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal owners and monitors the financial condition of its business borrowers. Residential mortgage loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from employment and other income and are secured by real estate whose value tends to be readily ascertainable. In contrast, commercial business loans typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flow from its business and are secured by business assets, such as commercial real estate, accounts receivable, equipment and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans is substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, the collateral for commercial business loans may depreciate over time and generally cannot be appraised with as much precision as residential real estate.

Consumer Lending
The Bank offers various secured and unsecured consumer loans, which include personal installment loans, personal lines of credit, automobile loans, and credit card loans. The Bank originates its consumer loans within its geographic market area and these loans are generally made to customers with whom the Bank has an existing relationship. Consumer loans generally entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans which are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets such as automobiles. In such cases, any repossessed collateral on a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.
The underwriting standards employed by the Bank for consumer loans include a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts and an assessment of ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. The stability of the applicant’s monthly income may be determined by verification of gross monthly income from primary employment, and from any verifiable secondary income. Although creditworthiness of the applicant is the primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes an analysis of the value of the security in relation to the proposed loan amount.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The financial information contained within these statements is, to a significant extent, based on measurements of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability. In addition, GAAP itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another method. Although the economics of the transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact the transactions could change.


24



Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the probable losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. As required by GAAP, the allowance for loan losses is accrued when their occurrence is probable and they can be estimated. Impairment losses are accrued based on the differences between the loan balance and the value of its collateral, the present value of future cash flows, or the price established in the secondary market. The Company’s allowance for loan losses has three basic components: the general allowance, the specific allowance and the unallocated allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates that can and do change when actual events occur. The general allowance uses historical experience and other qualitative factors to estimate future losses and, as a result, the estimated amount of losses can differ significantly from the actual amount of losses which would be incurred in the future. However, the potential for significant differences is mitigated by continuously updating the loss history of the Company. The specific allowance is based upon the evaluation of specific impaired loans on which a loss may be realized. Factors such as past due history, ability to pay, and collateral value are used to identify those loans on which a loss may be realized. Each of these loans is then evaluated to determine how much loss is estimated to be realized on its disposition. The sum of the losses on the individual loans becomes the Company’s specific allowance. This process is inherently subjective and actual losses may be greater than or less than the estimated specific allowance. The unallocated allowance captures losses that are attributable to various economic events which may affect a certain loan type within the loan portfolio or a certain industrial or geographic sector within the Company’s market. As the loans, which are affected by these events, are identified or losses are experienced on the loans which are affected by these events, they will be reflected within the specific or general allowances. Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of the 2016 Form 10-K, provides additional information related to the allowance for loan losses.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell at the date of foreclosure. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations of the foreclosed assets based on updated appraisals, general market conditions, recent sales of similar properties, length of time the properties have been held, and our ability and intention with regard to continued ownership of the properties. The Company may incur additional write-downs of foreclosed assets to fair value less costs to sell if valuations indicate a further deterioration in market conditions.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment (OTTI) for Securities
Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in net income if either (i) we intend to sell the security or (ii) it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, we do not intend to sell the security and it is not more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery, we must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost basis of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is no credit loss, there is no other-than-temporary impairment. If there is a credit loss, other-than-temporary impairment exists, and the credit loss must be recognized in net income and the remaining portion of impairment must be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). We regularly review each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment based on criteria that includes the extent to which cost exceeds market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer, our best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from debt securities, our intention with regard to holding the security to maturity and the likelihood that we would be required to sell the security before recovery.





25



FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Company makes forward looking statements in this report that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward looking statements include statements regarding our profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy, and financial and other goals. The words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” or other similar words or terms are intended to identify forward looking statements. These forward looking statements are subject to significant uncertainties because they are based upon or are affected by factors including:
difficult market conditions in our industry;
effects of soundness of other financial institutions;
potential impact on us of existing and future legislation and regulations;
the ability to successfully manage growth or implement growth strategies if the Bank is unable to identify attractive markets, locations or opportunities to expand in the future;
competition with other banks and financial institutions, and companies outside of the banking industry, including those companies that have substantially greater access to capital and other resources;
the successful management of interest rate risk;
risks inherent in making loans such as repayment risks and fluctuating collateral values;
changes in general economic and business conditions in the market area;
reliance on the management team, including the ability to attract and retain key personnel;
changes in interest rates and interest rate policies;
maintaining capital levels adequate to support growth;
maintaining cost controls and asset qualities as new branches are opened or acquired;
demand, development and acceptance of new products and services;
problems with technology utilized by the Bank;
changing trends in customer profiles and behavior;
changes in banking and other laws and regulations; and
other factors described in Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” above.
Because of these uncertainties, actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward looking statements. In addition, past results of operations do not necessarily indicate future results.


26



RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Income
Net income for 2016 was $6.4 million, a decrease of $527 thousand or 7.64% from 2015’s net income of $6.9 million. Net income for 2015 decreased $243 thousand or 3.40% from 2014’s net income of $7.1 million. Basic and diluted earnings per share were $1.81, $1.97, and $2.08 for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
Return on average assets (ROA) measures how efficiently the Company uses its assets to produce net income. Some issues reflected within this efficiency include the Company’s asset mix, funding sources, pricing, fee generation, and cost control. The ROA of the Company, on an annualized basis, was 0.96%, 1.11%, and 1.19% for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
Return on average equity (ROE) measures the utilization of shareholders’ equity in generating net income. This measurement is affected by the same factors as ROA with consideration to how much of the Company’s assets are funded by the shareholders. The ROE for the Company was 7.98%, 9.17%, and 10.25% for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income, the difference between total interest income and total interest expense, is the Company’s primary source of earnings. Net interest income was $24.7 million for 2016, $23.1 million for 2015, and $22.9 million for 2014, which represents an increase of $1.6 million or 6.79% and $208 thousand or 0.91% for 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net interest income is derived from the volume of earning assets and the rates earned on those assets as compared to the cost of funds. Total interest income was $25.8 million for 2016, $24.5 million for 2015, and $24.9 million for 2014, which represents an increase of $1.3 million or 5.27% and a decrease of $357 thousand or 1.44% for 2016 and 2015, respectively. Total interest expense was $1.1 million for 2016, $1.3 million for 2015, and $1.9 million for 2014, which represents a decrease of $280 thousand or 20.79% and $565 thousand or 29.55% in 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in total interest income during 2016 is driven mainly by the volume in interest-earning assets. The decrease in total interest expense during 2016 is driven mainly by the volume in interest-bearing liabilities, but also by the interest rate environment. Refer to the table titled “Volume and Rate Analysis” for further detail.
The table titled “Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates” displays the composition of interest earnings assets and interest bearing liabilities and their respective yields and rates for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014.
The net interest margin was 4.07% for 2016, 4.06% for 2015, and 4.20% for 2014. The net interest margin is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent net interest income by total average earnings assets. Tax-equivalent net interest income is calculated by adding the tax benefit on certain securities and loans, whose interest is tax-exempt, to total interest income then subtracting total interest expense. The tax rate used to calculate the tax benefit was 34% for 2016, 2015, and 2014. The table titled “Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income” reconciles net interest income to tax-equivalent net interest income, which is not a measurement under GAAP, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014.

Net interest income and net interest margin may experience some additional decline as higher yielding assets are repriced or replaced at lower current market rates. More decline is likely occur in the net interest margin than in the cost of funds due to the low level of interest rates currently being paid on interest bearing liabilities.



27



Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
Average
Balances
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balances
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balances
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Yield/
Rate
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
$
72,824

 
$
1,750

 
2.40
%
 
$
71,159

 
$
1,744

 
2.45
%
 
$
68,119

 
$
2,047

 
3.01
%
Tax-Exempt (1)
 
32,495

 
1,401

 
4.31
%
 
31,592

 
1,472

 
4.66
%
 
33,652

 
1,661

 
4.94
%
Total Securities
 
$
105,319

 
$
3,151

 
2.99
%
 
$
102,751

 
$
3,216

 
3.13
%
 
$
101,771

 
$
3,708

 
3.64
%
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
497,720

 
22,815

 
4.58
%
 
465,444

 
21,523

 
4.62
%
 
449,247

 
21,477

 
4.78
%
Non-accrual
 
5,891

 

 
%
 
6,446

 

 
%
 
6,811

 

 
%
Tax-Exempt (1)
 
6,423

 
336

 
5.23
%
 
7,210

 
346

 
4.80
%
 
5,789

 
330

 
5.70
%
Total Loans
 
$
510,034

 
$
23,151

 
4.54
%
 
$
479,100

 
$
21,869

 
4.56
%
 
$
461,847

 
$
21,807

 
4.72
%
Federal funds sold
 
36

 

 
%
 

 

 
%
 

 

 
%
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks
 
15,179

 
73

 
0.48
%
 
12,174

 
26

 
0.21
%
 
6,075

 
12

 
0.20
%
Total earning assets (2)
 
$
624,677

 
$
26,375

 
4.22
%
 
$
587,579

 
$
25,111

 
4.27
%
 
$
562,882

 
$
25,527

 
4.54
%
Allowance for loan losses
 
(4,967
)
 
 
 
 
 
(5,374
)
 
 
 
 
 
(5,839
)
 
 
 
 
Total non-earning assets
 
44,440

 
 
 
 
 
47,626

 
 
 
 
 
43,008

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
664,150

 
 
 
 
 
$
629,831

 
 
 
 
 
$
600,051

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
 
$
81,966

 
$
93

 
0.11
%
 
$
80,809

 
$
85

 
0.11
%
 
$
82,821

 
$
88

 
0.11
%
Money market accounts
 
117,210

 
201

 
0.17
%
 
99,088

 
113

 
0.11
%
 
94,650

 
108

 
0.11
%
Savings accounts
 
87,035

 
51

 
0.06
%
 
76,054

 
41

 
0.05
%
 
67,515

 
35

 
0.05
%
Time deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$100,000 and more
 
44,193

 
255

 
0.58
%
 
36,098

 
170

 
0.47
%
 
35,341

 
181

 
0.51
%
Less than $100,000
 
45,133

 
187

 
0.41
%
 
57,992

 
332

 
0.57
%
 
61,136

 
512

 
0.84
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
 
$
375,537

 
$
787

 
0.21
%
 
$
350,041

 
$
741

 
0.21
%
 
$
341,463

 
$
924

 
0.27
%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 
73

 
1

 
1.37
%
 
1,154

 
10

 
0.87
%
 
1,865

 
20

 
1.07
%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
 
10,546

 
136

 
1.29
%
 
24,849

 
336

 
1.35
%
 
28,818

 
650

 
2.26
%
Trust preferred capital notes (3)
 

 

 
%
 
4,441

 
196

 
4.41
%
 
7,217

 
318

 
4.41
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
$
386,156

 
$
924

 
0.24
%
 
$
380,485

 
$
1,283

 
0.34
%
 
$
379,363

 
$
1,912

 
0.50
%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits
 
195,428

 
 
 
 
 
171,508

 
 
 
 
 
149,026

 
 
 
 
Other Liabilities
 
2,752

 
 
 
 
 
2,599

 
 
 
 
 
1,981

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
$
584,336

 
 
 
 
 
$
554,592

 
 
 
 
 
$
530,370

 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity
 
79,814

 
 
 
 
 
75,239

 
 
 
 
 
69,681

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
 
$
664,150

 
 
 
 
 
$
629,831

 
 
 
 
 
$
600,051

 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
 
 
$
25,451

 
 
 
 
 
$
23,828

 
 
 
 
 
$
23,615

 
 
Net interest spread
 
 
 
 
 
3.98
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.93
%
 
 
 
 
 
4.04
%
Interest expense as a percent of average earning assets
 
 
 
 
 
0.15
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.22
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.34
%
Net interest margin
 
 
 
 
 
4.07
%
 
 
 
 
 
4.06
%
 
 
 
 
 
4.20
%
(1)
Income and yields are reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal tax rate of 34%.
(2)
Non-accrual loans are not included in this total since they are not considered earning assets.
(3)
Interest expense and average yield was adjusted to exclude interest expense related to the interest rate swap incurred after the redemption of the trust preferred capital notes.

28




Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
GAAP Financial Measurements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Income - Loans
 
$
23,037

 
$
21,751

 
$
21,695

Interest Income - Securities and Other Interest-Earnings Assets
 
2,748

 
2,742

 
3,155

Interest Expense - Deposits
 
787

 
741

 
924

Interest Expense - Interest Rate Swap
 
143

 
182

 
186

Interest Expense - Other Borrowings
 
137

 
424

 
802

Total Net Interest Income
 
$
24,718

 
$
23,146

 
$
22,938

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measurements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income - Loans (1)
 
$
114

 
$
118

 
$
112

Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income - Securities (1)
 
476

 
500

 
565

Total Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income
 
$
590

 
$
618

 
$
677

Add: Interest Expense - Interest Rate Swap (2)
 
143

 
64

 

Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income
 
$
25,451

 
$
23,828

 
$
23,615

(1)
Tax benefit was calculated using the federal statutory tax rate of 34%.
(2)
Tax-Equivalent net interest income was adjusted to exclude interest expense related to the interest rate swap incurred after the redemption of the trust preferred capital notes in 2015.
The tax-equivalent yield on earning assets decreased five basis points from 2015 to 2016 and 27 basis points from 2014 to 2015. The tax-equivalent yield on securities decreased 14 basis points from 2015 to 2016 and 51 basis points from 2014 to 2015. The tax-equivalent yield on loans decreased two basis points from 2015 to 2016 and 16 basis points from 2014 to 2015. The decrease in the yield on earning assets, securities, and the loan portfolio was primarily a result of the low interest rate environment that extended through 2016.
The average rate on interest-bearing liabilities decreased 10 basis points from 2015 to 2016 and 16 basis points from 2014 to 2015. These changes were caused primarily by the prepayment of the FHLB advance during 2016 and the redemption of the trust preferred debt during the third quarter of 2015. An intentional shift in the product mix, to move from time deposits to non-maturity deposits during 2015 was planned and achieved. The average rate on total interest-bearing deposits remained steady from 2015 to 2016 and decreased six basis points from 2014 to 2015. In general, deposit pricing is done in response to monetary policy actions and yield curve changes. Local competition for funds affects the cost of time deposits, which are primarily comprised of certificates of deposit. The Company issues brokered certificates of deposit as a substitute for offering promotional certificates of deposit when their rates are lower. The rates on brokered certificates of deposit are usually comparable with other wholesale funding sources and these funds can be gathered more efficiently without causing existing deposits to reprice. The Company prefers to rely most heavily on non-maturity deposits, which include NOW accounts, money market accounts, and savings accounts. The average balance of non-maturity interest-bearing deposits increased $30.3 million or 11.83% from $256.0 million during 2015 to $286.2 million in 2016 and $11.0 million or 4.48% from $245.0 million at December 31, 2014 during 2015. Changes in the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities can also be affected by the pricing on other sources of funds, namely borrowings. The Company from time to time will utilize overnight borrowings in the form of federal funds purchased. The average rate on these borrowings increased 50 basis points from 2015 to 2016 and decreased 20 basis points from 2014 to 2015. The cost of federal funds purchased is affected by the Federal Reserve’s changes in the federal funds target rate, which increased to 0.75% during 2016, from 0.50% in 2015. Finally, the Company borrows from the Federal Home Loan Bank through short and long term advances. The average rate on FHLB advances decreased six basis points from 2015 to 2016 and 91 basis points from 2014 to 2015. The average balance on FHLB advances decreased $14.3 million during 2016 and decreased $4.0 million during 2015.
As of July 1, 2014, the Company began deferring loan origination fees and related direct loan origination costs in accordance with ASC 310-20. This has a direct impact on the net interest margin and more specifically, the loan yield. Prior to this date, the net impact of deferred loan origination fees and related direct loan origination costs was deemed to be immaterial.

29



The table titled “Volume and Rate Analysis” provides information about the effect of changes in financial assets and liabilities and changes in rates on net interest income. Non-accruing loans are excluded from the average outstanding loans. Tax-equivalent net interest income increased $1.6 million during 2016. The increase in tax-equivalent net interest income during 2016 is comprised of an increase due to volume of $1.8 million and a decrease due to rate of $191 thousand. The increase in tax-equivalent net interest income during 2016 was primarily affected by the increased volume of taxable loans, partially offset by a decline in the rate earned on taxable loans, and the decreased cost of Federal Home Loan Bank advances.

Volume and Rate Analysis (Tax-Equivalent Basis)
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
2016 vs 2015
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Changes in:
 
2015 vs 2014
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Changes in:
 
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total
Earning Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
$
47

 
$
(41
)
 
$
6

 
$
96

 
$
(399
)
 
$
(303
)
Tax-exempt
 
44

 
(115
)
 
(71
)
 
(98
)
 
(91
)
 
(189
)
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
1,476

 
(184
)
 
1,292

 
643

 
(597
)
 
46

Tax-exempt
 
(56
)
 
46

 
(10
)
 
45

 
(29
)
 
16

Federal funds sold
 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-bearing deposits in other banks
 
8

 
39

 
47

 
13

 
1

 
14

Total earning assets
 
$
1,519

 
$
(255
)
 
$
1,264

 
$
699

 
$
(1,115
)
 
$
(416
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-Bearing Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW accounts
 
$
8

 
$

 
$
8

 
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$
(3
)
Money market accounts
 
22

 
66

 
88

 
5

 

 
5

Savings accounts
 
4

 
6

 
10

 
6

 

 
6

Time deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$100,000 and more
 
42

 
43

 
85

 
4

 
(15
)
 
(11
)
Less than $100,000
 
(64
)
 
(81
)
 
(145
)
 
(25
)
 
(155
)
 
(180
)
Total interest-bearing deposits
 
$
12

 
$
34

 
$
46

 
$
(13
)
 
$
(170
)
 
$
(183
)
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 
$
(23
)
 
$
14

 
$
(9
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(10
)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
 
(186
)
 
(14
)
 
(200
)
 
(80
)
 
(234
)
 
(314
)
Trust preferred capital notes
 
(98
)
 
(98
)
 
(196
)
 
(122
)
 

 
(122
)
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
$
(295
)
 
$
(64
)
 
$
(359
)
 
$
(222
)
 
$
(407
)
 
$
(629
)
Change in net interest income
 
$
1,814

 
$
(191
)
 
$
1,623

 
$
921

 
$
(708
)
 
$
213

Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is based upon management’s estimate of the amount required to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses as discussed within the Critical Accounting Policies section above. The (recovery of) provision for loan losses was $(188) thousand for 2016, $(227) thousand for 2015, and $350 thousand for 2014. Changes in the amount of provision for loan losses during each period reflect the results of the Bank’s analysis used to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The recovery of loan losses in 2015 and 2016, compared to a provision for loan losses in 2014, reflects lower specific reserves on remaining impaired loans as well as a decline in the historical loss experience utilized in our allowance model. The Company is committed to maintaining an allowance that adequately reflects the risk inherent in the loan portfolio. This commitment is more fully discussed in the “Asset Quality” section.

30



Noninterest Income
Total noninterest income was $6.7 million, $8.4 million, and $6.6 million during 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. This represents a decrease of $1.8 million or 20.96% for 2016 and an increase of $1,832 thousand or 27.73% for 2015. Management reviews the activities which generate noninterest income on an ongoing basis.

The following table provides the components of noninterest income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, which are included within the respective Consolidated Statements of Income headings. The following paragraphs provide information about activities which are included within the respective Consolidated Statements of Income headings. Variances that the Company believes require explanation are discussed below the table.
  
 
December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
2016
2015
$ Change
% Change
2015
2014
$ Change
% Change
Income from fiduciary activities
$
1,356

$
1,338

$
18

1.35
 %
$
1,338

$
1,162

$
176

15.15
 %
Service charges on deposit accounts
1,227

1,244

(17
)
(1.37
)%
1,244

1,323

(79
)
(5.97
)%
Other service charges and fees
3,713

3,375

338

10.01
 %
3,375

2,995

380

12.69
 %
(Loss) on the sale and disposal of premises and equipment

(10
)
(76
)
66

NM

(76
)
(14
)
(62
)
NM

Gain on sale of securities
98

124

(26
)
NM

124

990

(866
)
NM

Gain on redemption of trust preferred debt

2,424

(2,424
)
NM

2,424


2,424

NM

Other operating income
285

9

276

3,066.67
 %
9

150

(141
)
(94.00
)%
Total noninterest income
$
6,669

$
8,438

$
(1,769
)
(20.96
)%
$
8,438

$
6,606

$
1,832

27.73
 %
NM - Not Meaningful

Income from fiduciary activities, generated by trust services offered through Eagle Investment Group, increased by $176 thousand or 15.15% for 2015. The amount of income from fiduciary activities is determined by the number of active accounts and total assets under management. Also, income can fluctuate due to the number of estates settled within any period. During the first quarter of 2015, the Company collected and recognized into income approximately $100 thousand of prior year trust fees from one client, causing an increase in income from fiduciary activities. These particular fees were not accrued during prior years due to questions of collectability from the client. In future periods, trust fees for this client will be accrued and billed on a quarterly basis.
The amount of other services charges and fees is comprised primarily of commissions from the sale of non-deposit investment products, fees received from the Bank’s credit card program, fees generated from the Bank’s ATM/debit card programs, and fees generated from procuring applications for secondary market loans. Other service charges and fees increased by $338 thousand or 10.01% for 2016. This increase can be attributed to an increase of ATM fee income of $172 thousand for 2016. Other service charges and fees increased by $380 thousand or 12.69% for 2015. This increase can be attributed to increased activity in non-deposit investment products and an increase of ATM fee income of $155 thousand for 2015.

The $2.4 million gain on redemption of trust preferred capital notes occurred during the third quarter of 2015. On July 29, 2015, the pool to which the Company's $7.0 million in outstanding trust preferred capital notes belonged was liquidated by means of auction. The Company was successful in purchasing the outstanding notes at a price of 65.375% of par or $4.6 million in cash, therefore creating a one time gain.
Other operating income increased $276 thousand during 2016 and decreased $141 thousand or 94.00% during 2015. During the third quarter of 2015, the Company's cash flow hedge was derecognized upon the retirement of the trust preferred capital note as discussed in the previous paragraph. As a result, the loss on the interest rate swap derivative contract recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income of $237 thousand was reclassified to the income statement during the third quarter of 2015, which was partially offset by the adjustment of the derivative contract to fair value for a gain of $88 thousand. A fair value adjustment (gain) to the derivative contract of $149 thousand was recognized through other operating income during 2016.


31



Noninterest Expenses
Total noninterest expenses were $22.7 million, $22.5 million, and $20.0 million during 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. This represents an increase of $171 thousand or 0.76% during 2016 and an increase of $2.5 million or 12.48% during 2015. The efficiency ratio of the Company was 70.71%, 75.77%, and 67.59% for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing total noninterest expenses by the sum of tax-equivalent net interest income and total noninterest income, excluding certain non-recurring gains and losses. A reconciliation of tax-equivalent net interest income, which is not a measurement under GAAP, to net interest income is presented within the Net Interest Income section above.
The following table provides the components of noninterest expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, which are included within the respective Consolidated Statements of Income headings. The following paragraphs provide information about activities which are included within the respective Consolidated Statements of Income headings. Variances that the Company believes require explanation are discussed below the table.
 
December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
2016
2015
$ Change
% Change
2015
2014
$ Change
% Change
Salaries and employee benefits
$
13,015

$
12,318

$
697

5.66
 %
$
12,318

$
11,427

$
891

7.80
 %
Occupancy expenses
1,486

1,563

(77
)
(4.93
)%
1,563

1,280

283

22.11
 %
Equipment expenses
1,333

1,102

231

20.96
 %
1,102

720

382

53.06
 %
Advertising and marketing expenses
633

612

21

3.43
 %
612

571

41

7.18
 %
Stationery and supplies
201

242

(41
)
(16.94
)%
242

307

(65
)
(21.17
)%
ATM network fees
903

805

98

12.17
 %
805

712

93

13.06
 %
Other real estate owned expense
73

336

(263
)
(78.27
)%
336

27

309

1,144.44
 %
Loss (gain) on foreclosure and sale of other real estate owned
90

(46
)
136

NM

(46
)
(82
)
36

NM

FDIC assessment
304

439

(135
)
(30.75
)%
439

357

82

22.97
 %
Computer software expense
623

696

(73
)
(10.49
)%
696

872

(176
)
(20.18
)%
Bank franchise tax
501

505

(4
)
(0.79
)%
505

466

39

8.37
 %
Professional fees
949

1,025

(76
)
(7.41
)%
1,025

988

37

3.74
 %
Other bank services charges
209

71

138

194.37
 %
71

73

(2
)
(2.74
)%
Cost to terminate operating lease

520

(520
)
NM

520


520

NM

Other operating expenses
2,332

2,293

39

1.70
 %
2,293

2,268

25

1.10
 %
Total noninterest expenses
$
22,652

$
22,481

$
171

0.76
 %
$
22,481

$
19,986

$
2,495

12.48
 %
NM - Not Meaningful

During 2015, the Company hired additional retail staff for the opening of two new retail branches. Six new employees were hired for the One Loudoun branch located in Ashburn, Virginia. This branch opened in April 2015. The second new branch, located in Leesburg, Virginia, opened in August 2015. During 2015, seven employees were hired for that facility. Additionally, in February 2015, with the decision to no longer outsource its internal audit function, the Company hired a Director of Internal Audit. Additional hires of middle management positions were also made during the first quarter of 2015 to address infrastructure and growth needs. These branching and hiring efforts have impacted salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, equipment expenses and advertising and marketing expenses.

Occupancy expense decreased during 2016 despite expected increases from branching efforts in 2014 and 2015. This decrease can largely be attributed to decreased rental expense related to the closing of the branch Round Hill, Virginia and the purchase of the land that the Millbrook branch is located on.
Stationery and supplies expense decreased during 2016 and 2015 due to efforts to promote paperless statements to customers as well as internal efforts to maintain paperless records where possible.
ATM network fees increased 12.17% during 2016 and 13.06% during 2015. ATM network fees fluctuate based on the usage of ATM and debit cards. This expense has increased similarly to increases in deposit accounts.

32



Other real estate owned expenses decreased during 2016 and increased during 2015. This fluctuation is due mainly to a valuation adjustment of $288 thousand that was recorded during 2015. No valuation allowances were established during 2016 and 2014.
FDIC assessments decreased $135 thousand or 30.75% during 2016 and increased $82 thousand or 22.97% during 2015. As of July 1, 2016 new FDIC assessment changes became effective. The changes included a new lower assessment rate schedule and small institution pricing changes, which caused the subsequent assessments to decrease by approximately 50%. During 2015 there were increases in the total assessment base as well as the quarterly multiplier, which caused the overall expense to increase.
Computer software expense decreased during 2016 and 2015, despite the increase in number of branches and employees. Fees paid to our core software provider have decreased due to a conscious effort to reduce unused services and renegotiate contract amounts.
Other bank service charges increased during 2016. The Company elected to prepay a $20.0 million outstanding advance with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta. A $136 thousand prepayment fee was incurred by the Company in July 2016 in conjunction with the repayment of the advance.
On June 10, 2015, the Company purchased the land on which one of its retail branches resided. The land was purchased subject to an existing lease and subsequently recorded at market value, resulting in a write down of the total purchase price. This writedown appears in the Consolidated Statement of Income as a Cost to terminate operating lease.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $2.6 million, $2.4 million, and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The change in income tax expense can be attributed to changes in taxable earnings at the federal statutory income tax rate of 34%. These amounts correspond to an effective tax rate of 28.62%, 26.08%, and 22.46% for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The effective tax rate increased from 2015 when compared to 2016 due to a refund received during 2016 related to an amended 2014 tax return. The refund was related to a loss from an investment that the Company was not aware of until the K-1 was provided to us. Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides a reconciliation between income tax expense computed using the federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s actual income tax expense during 2016, 2015, and 2014.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
The Company’s total assets were $700.1 million at December 31, 2016, an increase of $46.88 million or 7.18% from $653.3 million at December 31, 2015. Securities increased $13.44 million or 12.70% from 2015 to 2016. Loans, net of allowance for loan losses, increased by $21.8 million or 4.45% from 2015 to 2016. Total liabilities were $620.7 million at December 31, 2016, compared to $575.1 million at December 31, 2015. Total shareholders’ equity at year end 2016 and 2015 was $79.4 million and $78.2 million, respectively.
Securities
Total securities, excluding restricted stock at December 31, 2016 were $119.3 million as compared to $105.8 million as of December 31, 2015, which represents an increase of $13.44 million or 12.70% during 2016. The table titled “Securities Portfolio” shows the carrying value of securities at December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014. The Company purchased $40.4 million in securities during 2016. This amount includes $3.6 million or 8.83% in obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies, $22.5 million or 55.74% in mortgage-backed securities and $14.3 million or 35.42% in obligations of states and political subdivisions. The Company had $23.5 million in maturities, calls, and principal repayments on securities during 2016. This amount includes $11.54 million or 49.18% in obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies, $5.70 million or 24.31% in mortgage-backed securities and $6.22 million or 26.51% in obligations of states and political subdivisions. The Company did not have any securities from a single issuer, other than U.S. government agencies, whose amount exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2016. Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional details about the Company’s securities portfolio as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.


33



Securities Portfolio
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
 
$
30,441

 
$
37,665

 
$
37,211

Mortgage-backed securities
 
42,372

 
28,931

 
15,779

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
46,449

 
39,227

 
40,410

Corporate securities
 

 

 
765

 
 
$
119,262

 
$
105,823

 
$
94,165

The ability to dispose of available for sale securities prior to maturity provides management more options to react to future rate changes and provides more liquidity, when needed, to meet short-term obligations. The Company had a net unrealized loss on available for sale securities of $94 thousand and a net unrealized gain of $1.5 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities are reported within shareholders’ equity, net of the related deferred tax effect, as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
The table titled “Maturity Distribution and Yields of Securities” shows the maturity period and average yield for the different types of securities in the portfolio at December 31, 2016. Although mortgage-backed securities have definitive maturities, they provide monthly principal curtailments which can be reinvested at a prevailing rate and for a different term.
Maturity Distribution and Yields of Securities
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Due in one year
or less
 
Due after 1
through 5 years
 
Due after 5
through 10 years
 
Due after 10  years
and
Equity Securities
 
Total
 
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
Securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
 
$
1,012

 
2.52
%
 
$
9,119

 
2.58
%
 
$
18,369

 
2.25
%
 
$
1,941

 
2.61
%
 
$
30,441

 
2.38
%
Mortgage-backed securities
 

 
%
 

 
%
 
1,314

 
2.90
%
 
41,058