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EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - ZHONGPIN INC.v238757_ex31-1.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - ZHONGPIN INC.v238757_ex32-2.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
x   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011

or

¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from
                                                           To

Commission File Number :
001-33593

 
Zhongpin Inc.
 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
 
 54-2100419
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
21 Changshe Road, Changge City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
 
461500
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
 
011 86 10-8286-1788
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
Not Applicable
 
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety (90) days.  YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.  See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check One):

Large accelerated filer ¨   Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  YES ¨  NO x

As of November 5, 2011, 37,679,664 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.
 
 
 

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

     
  
Page
Part I
Financial Information
3
       
 
Item 1.
Unaudited Financial Statements:
3
       
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2011 (unaudited) and December 31, 2010
4
       
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive  Income (unaudited) for the three-month and nine-month periods  ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
5
       
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine- month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
6
       
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
7
       
 
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
20
       
 
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
37
       
 
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
38
       
Part II
Other Information
39
       
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
39
       
 
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
39
       
 
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
39
       
 
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
39
       
 
Item 4.
(Removed and Reserved)
39
       
 
Item 5.
Other Information
39
       
 
Item 6.
Exhibits
39
       
Signatures
40
 
 
2

 

ZHONGPIN INC.

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive income, and statements of cash flows and the related notes thereto, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation for the interim periods.

The accompanying financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the aforementioned financial statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.

The results of operations for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year or any other period.
 
 
3

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in U.S. dollars)
   
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
ASSETS
           
Current assets
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 116,619,216     $ 84,172,186  
Restricted cash
    54,732,689       17,527,056  
Bank notes receivable
    49,226,849       19,282,740  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,447,408 and $1,708,479
    43,773,083       30,784,463  
Other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $373,460 and $232,751
    3,471,352       1,035,850  
Purchase deposits
    23,383,067       7,415,567  
Inventories
    37,141,773       26,534,014  
Prepaid expenses
    392,413       391,386  
VAT recoverable
    34,942,499       20,771,902  
Allowance receivables
    2,889,846       2,477,928  
Deferred tax assets
    414,505       397,744  
Other current assets
    408,368       442,080  
Total current assets
    367,395,660       211,232,916  
                 
Long-term investment
    472,077       452,987  
Property and equipment (net)
    320,205,335       291,567,396  
Deposits for purchase of land use rights
    34,601,296       17,059,644  
Construction in progress
    111,787,042       30,433,905  
Land use rights
    88,702,126       86,475,708  
Deferred charges
    10,433       21,686  
Other non-current assets
    1,118,114       1,436,726  
Total assets
  $ 924,292,083     $ 638,680,968  
                 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities
               
Short-term loans
  $ 105,249,729     $ 91,774,025  
Bank notes payable
    109,474,579       18,646,473  
Long-term loans - current portion
    11,003,434       14,943,260  
Capital lease obligation - current portion
    6,008,323       7,282,720  
Accounts payable
    39,891,335       8,551,003  
Other payables
    17,611,620       15,842,331  
Accrued liabilities
    11,907,207       9,794,474  
Deposits from customers
    17,525,349       8,255,194  
Tax payable
    1,441,724       1,604,847  
Grant payable
    786,794       -  
Total current liabilities
    320,900,094       176,694,327  
                 
Deferred tax liabilities
    377,395       362,135  
Deposits from customers - long-term portion
    1,921,683       1,958,827  
Capital lease obligation
    1,183,697       4,999,454  
Long-term loans
    102,810,994       83,672,401  
Total liabilities
    427,193,863       267,687,144  
                 
Equity
               
Common stock: par value $0.001; 100,000,000 authorized; 40,355,502 and 35,338,160 shares issued and 38,533,064 and 35,338,160 outstanding
    40,356       35,338  
Additional paid in capital
    238,946,701       171,401,989  
Retained earnings
    224,500,373       169,979,344  
Less: Treasury stock, at cost: 1,822,438 and 0 shares in 2011 and 2010
    (15,797,352 )     -  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    48,582,031       29,577,153  
Total Zhongpin Inc. shareholders’ equity
    496,272,109       370,993,824  
Noncontrolling interest
    826,111       -  
Total shareholders’ equity
    497,098,220       370,993,824  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 924,292,083     $ 638,680,968  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
4

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amount in U.S. dollars) (Unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
 September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
 September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
                         
Revenues
                       
Sales revenues
  $ 398,086,490     $ 241,076,067     $ 1,050,322,271     $ 660,433,565  
Cost of sales
    (358,049,826 )     (213,796,787 )     (935,223,736 )     (582,901,503 )
Gross profit
    40,036,664       27,279,280       115,098,535       77,532,062  
                                 
Operating expenses
                               
General and administrative expenses
    (7,423,392 )     (6,072,211 )     (20,873,595 )     (17,821,820 )
Selling expenses
    (7,866,984 )     (5,384,108 )     (22,597,879 )     (14,359,608 )
Research & development expenses
    (20,127 )     (20,581 )     (475,437 )     (97,304 )
Impairment loss
    -       (2,745 )     -       (1,010,192 )
Total operating expenses
    (15,310,503 )     (11,479,645 )     (43,946,911 )     (33,288,924 )
                                 
Income from operations
    24,726,161       15,799,635       71,151,624       44,243,138  
                                 
Other income (expense)
                               
Interest income (expense), net
    (7,017,272 )     (2,400,733 )     (15,828,655 )     (5,736,583 )
Other income (expense), net
    410,105       1,236,809       378,111       1,906,336  
Exchange gain (loss)
    (140,528 )     -       (220,755 )     -  
Government subsidies
    1,142,388       966,771       2,594,295       2,836,852  
Total other income (expense)
    (5,605,307 )     (197,153 )     (13,077,004 )     (993,395 )
                                 
Net income before taxes
    19,120,854       15,602,482       58,074,620       43,249,743  
Provision for income taxes
    (799,129 )     (921,691 )     (3,553,613 )     (2,953,044 )
                                 
Net income after taxes
  $ 18,321,725     $ 14,680,791     $ 54,521,007     $ 40,296,699  
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
    1,167       -       22       -  
                                 
Net income attributable to Zhongpin Inc. shareholders
    18,322,892       14,680,791       54,521,029       40,296,699  
                                 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  $ 9,098,658     $ 4,563,655     $ 19,031,328     $ 6,341,925  
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interest
    (14,885 )     -       (26,450 )     -  
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to Zhongpin Inc. shareholders
    9,083,773       4,563,655       19,004,878       6,341,925  
                                 
Comprehensive income
    27,420,383     $ 19,244,446       73,552,335     $ 46,638,624  
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
    (13,718 )     -       (26,428 )     -  
Comprehensive income attributable to Zhongpin Inc. shareholders
    27,406,665       19,244,446       73,525,907       46,638,624  
                                 
Basic earnings per common share
  $ 0.46     $ 0.42     $ 1.41     $ 1.16  
Diluted earnings per common share
  $ 0.46     $ 0.42     $ 1.41     $ 1.14  
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
    39,918,816       34,725,104       38,723,299       34,751,158  
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
    39,918,816       35,328,199       38,781,507       35,262,433  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
5

 

ZHONGPIN INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amount in U.S. dollars) (Unaudited)
   
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
           
Net income
  $ 54,521,007     $ 40,296,699  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
               
Depreciation
    12,542,855       9,812,528  
Amortization of intangible assets
    1,386,615       973,253  
Provision for allowance for bad debt
    780,323       724,816  
Staff welfare amortization
    -       (276,501 )
Impairment loss
    -       1,010,199  
Other income
    (15,174 )     (1,091,875 )
Stock-based compensation expense
    1,193,067       1,739,238  
                 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
    (12,087,046 )     (16,397,025 )
Other receivables
    (2,467,660 )     (210,161 )
Purchase deposits
    (15,311,424 )     (133,747 )
Prepaid expenses
    12,906       (493,142 )
Inventories
    (9,281,330 )     (8,764,421 )
Allowance receivables
    (300,748 )     (4,426,220 )
Tax refunds receivable
    (13,003,464 )     (5,928,053 )
Other current assets
    35,141       18,554  
Deferred charges
    11,899       15,721  
Accounts payable
    30,300,071       (287,734 )
Other payables
    1,104,339       2,069,661  
Grants payable
    769,527       -  
Accrued liabilities
    1,680,231       1,445,644  
Taxes payable
    (225,688 )     (685,278 )
Deposits from clients
    8,726,458       1,234,965  
Deposits from clients – Long term portion
    (117,064 )     (50,880 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
    60,254,841       20,596,241  
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Deposits for purchase of land use rights
    (16,453,540 )     (23,130,206 )
Construction in progress
    (102,225,007 )     (40,765,205 )
Additions to property and equipment
    (4,645,211 )     (9,750,903 )
Additions to land use rights
    -       (479,304 )
Proceeds on sale of fixed assets
    36,983       131,028  
Increase in restricted cash
    (35,666,692 )     (21,478,265 )
Investment in a non-controlling entity
          (440,716 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (158,953,467 )     (95,913,571 )
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Proceeds from (repayment of) bank notes, net
    59,574,005       22,590,704  
Proceeds from (repayment of) short-term loans, net
    9,397,410       10,318,909  
Proceeds from long-term loans
    24,607,716       49,733,983  
Repayment of long-term loans
    (13,807,043 )     (10,356,569 )
Repayment of capital lease obligation
    (5,097,774 )     (4,987,359 )
Proceeds from common stock
    66,356,662       -  
Repurchase of common stock
    (15,797,352 )     -  
Proceeds from exercised warrants and option
    -       213,350  
Investment in a subsidiary by minority holder
    808,003       -  
Net cash provided by financing activities
    126,041,627       67,513,018  
                 
Effects of rate changes on cash
    5,104,029       1,207,989  
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    32,447,030       (6,596,323 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    84,172,186       68,982,259  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 116,619,216     $ 62,385,936  
                 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
               
Cash paid for interest
  $ 16,292,479     $ 6,443,505  
Cash paid for income taxes
  $ 3,768,455     $ 2,898,394  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
6

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.           ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
 
Zhongpin Inc. (the “Company”) was established under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 4, 2003.  The Company is a public holding company holding equity interests in its subsidiaries outside the U.S.  Its operating subsidiaries are located in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) and focus on two business divisions: pork and pork products, and vegetables and fruits. The pork and pork products division is involved primarily in the processing of live hogs into fresh, frozen and processed pork products, which are sold domestically to branded stores, food retailers, food service distributors, restaurants, hotel chains and non-commercial food service establishments, such as schools, governments, healthcare facilities, the military and other food processors, as well as to certain international markets in a limited scope.  The vegetables and fruits division is involved primarily in the processing of frozen vegetables and fruits that are sold to the Company’s branded stores and food retailers.

The Company holds a 100% interest in Falcon Link Investment Limited, a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Falcon”), through which the Company holds a 100% interest in its China-based subsidiaries, each of which was organized under the laws of China.  The Company’s China-based subsidiaries include the following:

Name
 
Date of
Incorporation
 
Registered
Capital
 
Percentage
of Ownership
 
                 
Henan Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
May 20, 2005
 
US$ 203,300,000
    100 %
                 
Henan Zhongpin Food Share Company Limited (“Henan Zhongpin”)
 
Jan. 20, 2000
 
 
1,000,000,000 RMB
(US$146,492,243)
    100 %(1)
                 
Henan Zhongpin Import and Export Trading Company Limited
 
Aug. 11, 2004
 
5,060,000 RMB
(US$611,111)
    100 %
                 
Zhumadian Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
June 7, 2006
 
60,000,000 RMB
(US$8,585,398)
    100 %
                 
Anyang Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Aug. 21, 2006
 
34,800,000 RMB
(US$5,094,422)
    100 %
                 
Henan Zhongpin Fresh Food Logistics Company Limited
 
Sept. 14, 2006
 
1,500,000 RMB
(US$189,665)
    100 %
                 
Deyang Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Sept. 25, 2006
 
15,000,000 RMB
(US$1,893,652)
    100 %
                 
Henan Zhongpin Business Development Company Limited
 
Sept. 27, 2006
 
5,000,000 RMB
(US$632,215)
    100 %
                 
Luoyang Zhongpin Food Company  Limited (“Luoyang Zhongpin”)
 
Jan.18, 2007
 
60,000,000 RMB
(US$8,703,452)
    100 %
                 
Yongcheng Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Mar. 1, 2007
 
60,000,000 RMB
(US$8,783,487)
    100 %
                 
Tianjin Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Sept. 14, 2007
 
100,000,000 RMB
( US$14,639,145 )
    100 %
                 
Jilin Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Dec. 11, 2008
 
1,000,000 RMB
(US$145,688)
    100 %
 
 
7

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Name
 
Date of
Incorporation
 
Registered
Capital
 
Percentage
of Ownership
 
               
Henan Zhongpin Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Company Limited
 
Dec. 26, 2008
 
10,000,000 RMB
(US$1,461,796)
    100 %
                 
Taizhou Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
May 12, 2010
 
50,000,000 RMB
(US$7,362,794)
    100 %
                 
Changchun Zhongpin Food Company Limited
 
Aug. 6, 2010
 
50,000,000 RMB
(US$7,382,253)
    100 %
                 
Henan Zhongpin Xinda Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Company Limited
 
June 1, 2011
 
15,000,000 RMB
(US$2,287,841)
    65 %
                 
Kunshan Zhongpin Cold Chain Logistics Company Limited
 
June 3, 2011
 
300,000,000 RMB
(US$46,356,388)
    100 %
 

(1)           Includes a 1.7% ownership interest of another six stockholders with respect to which Henan Zhongpin Food Company Limited is entitled to all economic benefits and the right to vote pursuant to the terms of a trust agreement with such stockholders.

2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zhongpin Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to herein as the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated during the process of consolidation. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Foreign Currency Translations and Transactions

RMB, the national currency of China, is the primary currency that the Company’s China-based subsidiaries use. The United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”) is the functional currency used by Falcon and Zhongpin Inc. to record all of their activities. The Company uses the U.S. dollar for financial reporting purposes.

The Company translates assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using the middle rate published by the People’s Bank of China as of the balance sheet date. The consolidated statement of income is translated at average rates during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of financial statements from RMB into U.S. dollars are recorded in stockholders' equity as part of accumulated comprehensive loss – translation adjustments. Gains or losses resulting from transactions in currencies other than RMB are reflected in income for the reporting period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 
8

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
      
Certain accounting principles require subjective and complex judgments to be used in the preparation of financial statements. Accordingly, a different financial presentation could result depending on the judgments, estimates, or assumptions that are used. Such estimates and assumptions include, but are not specifically limited to, those required in the valuation of long-lived assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, reserves for inventory obsolescence, valuation allowances for value added tax (“VAT”) recoverable, and determination of stock based compensation.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues generated from the sales of various meat products and vegetables and fruits are recognized when these products are delivered to customers in accordance with previously agreed upon pricing and delivery arrangements, and the collectability of these sales is reasonably assured. Since the products sold by the Company are primarily perishable and frozen food products, the right of return is only valid for a few days and has been determined to be insignificant by the management of the Company. Accordingly, no provision has been made for returnable goods. Revenues presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income are net of sales taxes.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash accounts at creditworthy financial institutions and closely monitors the movements of its cash positions.

Restricted Cash and Bank Notes Payable

Under the terms of the credit agreements with certain of its lenders, Henan Zhongpin has agreed to maintain with such lenders an amount of cash that will serve as collateral for its delivery of such lenders’ bank promissory notes. The amount of bank promissory notes that are to be delivered by Henan Zhongpin to such lenders can be up to twice the amount of such deposits. As such deposits may not be withdrawn by Henan Zhongpin without restriction, such cash deposits are presented as “restricted cash” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Bank Notes Receivable

The Company only accepts notes issued by banks in the normal course of business as payment for products sold by the Company. These bank notes receivables have maturity dates of up to 180 days and bear no interest. The Company can hold these bank notes until the maturity date and collect the amount from the issuing banks, or the Company can use these bank notes as a means for payment for goods or services received. The Company accrues no provision for these bank notes because such bank notes have little risk of default in China.

Accounts Receivable

During the normal course of business, the Company's policy is to ask customers to make deposits in reasonable and meaningful amounts on a case-by-case basis. For certain customers, the Company may extend unsecured credit.

The Company regularly evaluates and monitors the creditworthiness of each of its customers in accordance with the prevailing practice in the meat industry and based on general economic conditions in China. The Company maintains a general policy of providing 100% allowance for doubtful accounts in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of those accounts that are not collected within one year plus an amount equal to 5% of the aggregate amount of accounts receivable less than one year old. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. The Company also examines the credit terms of significant customers regularly and asks for more cash deposits if these customers appear to have any indicators of delaying their payments to the Company.  Such deposits are usually applied for the collection of the outstanding accounts receivable during the year.  With such a practice in place, the Company did not have any specific allowance for doubtful accounts provided against specific customers at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
 
 
9

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
2.           SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
 
The following table presents allowance activities in accounts receivable.

   
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
             
Beginning balance
  $ 1,708,479     $ 1,132,038  
Additions to allowance for bad debt
    738,929       576,441  
Ending balance
  $ 2,447,408     $ 1,708,479  

Inventories

Inventories are comprised of raw materials and low-value consumables, work-in-progress, and finished goods. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market-based prices according to the weighted average method. Production cost components include the purchase cost of live hogs, direct labor, depreciation, packaging material, utility expense and other manufacturing overhead. By using a systematic costing system, the production cost is allocated to various products at the stage of work-in-progress and finished goods, respectively. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price, in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs to complete and dispose. The Company regularly inspects the shelf life of prepared foods and, if necessary, writes down their carrying value based on their salability and expiration dates as cost of goods sold.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and are stated net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

 
Estimated Useful
           Economic Life        
Plants and buildings
5-30 years
   
Machinery and equipment
5-20 years
   
Office furniture and equipment
3-5 years
   
Vehicles
5 years

Maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expense as incurred, whereas improvements and renewals are generally capitalized in their respective property accounts. When an item is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and applicable accumulated depreciation are removed and the resulting gain or loss is recognized and reflected as a line item before operating income (loss).

Land Use Rights

The Chinese government owns all of the parcels of land on which the Company's plants are built. In China, land use rights for commercial purposes are granted by the PRC government typically for a term of 40-50 years. The Company is required to pay a lump sum of money to the State Land and Resource Ministry of the applicable locality to acquire such rights. The Company capitalizes the lump sum of money paid and amortizes these land use rights by using the straight line method over the term of the land use license granted by the applicable governmental authority.

Construction in Progress and Interest Capitalization

Construction in progress is stated at cost. The cost accumulation process starts from the time the construction project is set-up and ends at the time the project has been put into service and all regulatory permits and approvals have been received. The Company borrows bank loans from time to time for these construction projects. The interest costs incurred for these construction projects have been capitalized during the construction process.
 
 
10

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of that asset.  Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, advance to vendors, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, capital lease obligations and short-term and long-term loans are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. The fair value of amounts due from/to related parties and stockholders are a reasonable estimate of their fair value as the amounts will be collected and paid off in a period less than one year. The carrying amounts of capital lease obligations approximate their fair value based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of arrangements. Long-term debt approximates fair value since the bank term loans are fixed rate instruments and bear interests at the rate dictated and published by the People's Bank of China. The current rates published by the People's Bank of China approximate the interest rates of the loans outstanding.

Shipping and Handling Cost

All shipping and handling fees are included in selling expenses.

Value Added Tax

All China-based enterprises are subject to a VAT imposed by the PRC government on their domestic product sales. The output VAT is charged to customers who purchase goods from the Company and the input VAT is paid when the Company purchases goods from its vendors. Input VAT rates are 13% for most of the purchasing activities conducted by the Company. Output VAT rate is 13% for chilled pork products, frozen pork products and vegetable and fruit products, and 17% for prepared meat products. The input VAT can be offset against the output VAT. The VAT payable or recoverable balance presented on the consolidated balance sheets represents either the input VAT less than or larger than the output VAT. The debit balance represents a credit against future collections of output VAT instead of a receivable. On a semi-annual basis, the Company forecasts for each of its subsidiaries separately the amount of sales revenue necessary to fully utilize the VAT recoverable. The factors considered in performing these forecasts include industry-specific and local economic conditions, as well as consumer behavior by the subsidiaries' designated geographical region and the demographics within those regions. Once the VAT recoverable for a subsidiary is determined to be non-recoverable in part or in full, the VAT recoverable is written-off as impairment loss.

Stock Compensation

The Company receives employee and certain non-employee services in exchange for (a) equity instruments of the Company or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of the Company's equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. The Company accounts for stock compensation expense under the fair value recognition provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 718 (ASC 718), which requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share does not include dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity, similar to fully-diluted earnings per share. Such shares are excluded if determined to be anti-dilutive.
 
 
11

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Government Subsidies

The Company's subsidiaries in China receive government subsidies from local Chinese government agencies in accordance with relevant Chinese government policies. In general, the Company presents the government subsidies received as part of other income unless the subsidies received are earmarked to compensate a specific expense, which have been accounted for by offsetting the specific expense, such as research and development expense or interest expenses. Unearned government subsidies received are deferred for recognition until the criteria for such recognition could be met.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Gross research and development expenses for new product development and improvements of existing products by the Company incurred for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were $195,000 and $253,000, respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were $1,950,000 and $2,410,000, respectively.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 220, Comprehensive Income, which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive income (loss) and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. The Company has chosen to report comprehensive income (loss) in the statements of operations and comprehensive income. Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income and all changes to stockholders' equity except those due to investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
 
Adoption of FASB ASU 2011-04

In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)”, which provided clarifications for Topic 820 and also included instances where a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or disclosing information about fair value measurement has changed. This Update results in common principles and requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRSs, and is effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011 for public entities. Early application by public entities is not permitted, and the adoption of ASU 2011-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Adoption of FASB ASU 2010-13

In April 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-13, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Effect of Denominating the Exercise Price of a Share-Based Payment Award in the Currency of the Market in Which the Underlying Equity Security Trades," which addresses the classification of a share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades. Topic 718 is amended to clarify that a share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades shall not be considered to contain a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, such an award is not to be classified as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity classification. The amendments in this ASU should be applied by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The cumulative-effect adjustment should be calculated for all awards outstanding as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the amendments are initially applied, as if the amendments had been applied consistently since the inception of the award. ASU 2010-13 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2010 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
 
12

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Adoption of FASB ASU 2010-06
 
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-06, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements”, which provides amendments to Topic 820 that will provide more robust disclosures about (1) the different classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, (2) the valuation techniques and inputs used, (3) the activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, and (4) the transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3. ASU 2010-06 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements relating to Level 3 measurements, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of FASB ASU 2010-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
3. 
INVENTORIES
 
Inventories at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 consisted of the following:
 
   
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
             
Raw materials
  $ 4,740,338     $ 6,934,521  
Low value consumables and packing
    1,417,310       1,506,700  
Work in progress
    7,660,849       2,719,933  
Finished goods
    23,323,276       15,372,860  
Inventories
  $ 37,141,773     $ 26,534,014  
 
4. 
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
 
A summary of property, plant and equipment at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 is as follows:

   
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
             
Plants and buildings
  $ 244,375,119     $ 214,765,759  
Machinery and equipment
    105,969,953       96,632,003  
Office furniture and equipment
    5,811,257       3,915,451  
Vehicles
    4,092,537       3,629,177  
Accumulated depreciation
    (40,043,531 )     (27,374,994 )
Total
  $ 320,205,335     $ 291,567,396  
 
The depreciation and amortization expenses for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were $4,341,373 and $3,719,439, respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were $12,542,855 and $9,812,528, respectively.
 
Of the above information, property, plant and equipment under the sale-leaseback agreement at cost at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was as follows:
 
   
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
             
Plants and buildings
  $ 174,765     $ 695,424  
Machinery and equipment
    18,982,511       25,589,091  
Office furniture and equipment
    39,883       34,655  
Vehicles
    4,359       4,130  
Accumulated depreciation
    (2,175,701 )     (2,111,119 )
Total
  $ 17,025,817     $ 24,212,181  
 
 
13

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The deferred losses included in the property and equipment balance were $1,734,681 and $2,784,665 at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and would be amortized over the lease term. Of the depreciation expenses, $1,141,713 and $1,098,674 were amortization of deferred loss and depreciation expense from assets under capital lease, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2011; $1,089,785 and $1,066,360 were amortization of deferred loss and depreciation expense from assets under capital lease, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
 
5. 
LAND USE RIGHTS
 
The Company’s land use rights at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are as follows:
 
   
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
             
Land use rights
  $ 94,089,054     $ 90,284,405  
Accumulated amortization
    (5,386,928 )     (3,808,697 )
Total
  $ 88,702,126     $ 86,475,708  
 
The amortization expenses for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were $468,369 and $324,305, respectively, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were $1,386,615 and $973,354, respectively.
 
6. 
CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS
 
Construction in progress at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 consisted of the following:
 
Construction Project
 
Date or
Estimated Date
Put in Service(1)
 
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
Upgrade for export certification in Changge
 
March 2011
  $ -     $ 2,305,978  
Zhengzhou office
 
April 2011
    44,375       36,934  
Distribution center in Changge
 
May 2011
          19,393,985  
Information system
 
February 2012
    127,770       671,757  
Replacement and maintenance in Changge industrial park
 
April 2012
    63,464       305,533  
Production  facility for chilled and frozen pork in Taizhou
 
January 2012
    30,985,605       2,566,868  
Production  facility for chilled and frozen pork in Changchun
 
January 2012
    32,217,131       5,054,401  
Zhongpin Xinda joint venture project
 
January 2012
    900,144        
Production  facility for prepared pork products in Tianjin
 
January 2012
    18,557,820       98,449  
 Production facility for prepared pork products in Changge (first phase)
 
April 2012
    21,199,003        
 
 
14

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
   
Construction Project
 
Date or
Estimated Date
Put in Service(1)
 
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
Upgrade for production facility in Anyang
 
July 2012
    7,374,810        
Upgrade for production facility in Zhumadian
 
April 2012
    127,775        
Upgrade for production facility in Luoyang
 
April 2012
    92,212        
Upgrade for production facility in Yongcheng
 
April 2012
    68,608        
Kunshan facility land preparation cost
 
April 2012
    28,325        
                     
Total
      $ 111,787,042     $ 30,433,905  

 
Estimated cost to complete current construction in process is $35.4 million.

 (1)
Represents all regulatory permits and approvals that have been received to date and projects that have been placed in service. In certain cases, construction of a project may be substantially completed and the project may be operational during a testing period prior to such date.
 
7. 
SHORT-TERM BANK LOANS
 
Short-term bank loans are due within one year. Of the $105.2 million aggregate principal amount of short-term bank loans at September 30, 2011, loans in the principal amount of $60.0 million were secured by the Company’s subsidiaries in China, and loans in the aggregate principal amount of $10.8 million were guaranteed by Henan Huanghe Enterprises Group Co., Ltd., an unaffiliated third party. These loans bear interest at prevailing lending rates in China ranging from 5.00 % to 7.54% per annum.
 
8. 
LONG-TERM BANK LOANS
 
Amounts outstanding under the Company’s long-term debt arrangements as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are as follows:
 
Bank
 
September 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
             
China Construction Bank
  $ 14,162,300     $ 13,589,623  
Agriculture Bank of China
    81,826,622       63,267,245  
Rabobank Nederland Shanghai
          4,529,874  
Canadian Government Transfer Loan
    1,270,593       1,343,429  
China Merchants Bank
    14,949,094       14,344,605  
Changge Old Town
    1,605,819       1,540,885  
Current portion
    (11,003,434 )     (14,943,260 )
Total long-term portion
    102,810,994     $ 83,672,401  

In June 2011, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Construction Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 50 million ($7.9 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.32% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable on the anniversary of the agreement based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms) and are payable in March and June 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plants of Henan Zhongpin.
 
 
15

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
In December 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with the Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 25 million ($3.9 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.65% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable on December 10, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plants of Henan Zhongpin.

In September 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with the Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 75 million ($11.8 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between December 2011 and December, 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Yongcheng Zhongpin Food Company Limited.
 
In July 2010, Tianjin Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with the Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Tianjin Zhongpin may borrow up to RMB 300 million ($47.2 million). Tianjin Zhongpin drew down RMB 50 million ($7.9 million) in July 2010, RMB 80 million ($12.6 million) in November 2010 and RMB 110 million ($17.3 million) in May 2011. All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments in June 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plants of Tianjin Zhongpin.
 
In June 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Construction Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 40 million ($6.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.99% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable on the anniversary of date of the agreement based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms) and are payable on June 29, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plants of Henan Zhongpin.
 
In April 2010, in connection with the purchase of a piece of land from Changge Old Town,  Changge Old Town extended a loan to Henan Zhongpin with a principal amount of RMB 10.2 million ($1.6 million) and bearing interest at the rate of 7.00% per annum payable on September 30, 2010 and each anniversary thereafter. Such loan does not have a fixed term and the principal amount of the loan should be repaid by Henan Zhongpin upon six months prior written notice from Changge Old Town.
 
In March 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with the Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 53 million ($8.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between December 2011 and December 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plants of Henan Zhongpin.
 
 
16

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
In February 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with the Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 71 million ($11.2 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.65% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable on February 3, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plants of Henan Zhongpin.
 
In December 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with the Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 70 million ($11.0 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between October 2011 and December 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plants of Luoyang Zhongpin.
 
In November 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Merchants Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 95 million ($14.9 million). The first 50% of the loan was drawn down in November 2009 and the remaining 50% of the loan was drawn down in March 2010. All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between December 2011 and December 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by Luoyang Zhongpin.
 
In May 2002, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with the Bank of Communications, Zhengzhou Branch, which is the intermediary bank for a 40-year term loan in the amount of $2,504,969 from the Canadian government.  Under the terms of the loan agreement, 58% of the principal amount ($1,452,882) of this loan bears interest at the fixed rate of 6.02% per annum and remaining principal amount of this loan is interest free.  The loan is repayable in a fixed amount of $145,671, which includes both principal and interest, that is payable on a semi-annual basis through November 15, 2041.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the Financing Department of Henan province.
 
9. 
EQUITY TRANSACTIONS
 
For the three−month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the stock−based compensation expenses were $417,749 and $663,602, respectively, and for the nine−month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the stock−based compensation expenses were $1,193,067 and $1,736,024, respectively.
 
For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2011, the Company repurchased 1,822,438 shares of common stock from the public market. The average cost per share, including commission, was $8.6683.
 
10. 
EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
The Company excludes equity instrument from the calculation of diluted earnings per share if the effect of including such instrument is anti-dilutive. Accordingly, a certain number of stock options and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share totaling 1,314,564 and 0 shares during the three-month period ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and totaling 547,000 and 0 shares during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share for the periods indicated:
 
 
17

 
 
ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Numerator:
                       
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 18,322,892     $ 14,680,791     $ 54,521,029     $ 40,296,699  
                                 
Denominator:
                               
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic
    39,918,815       34,725,104       38,723,299       34,751,158  
                                 
Dilutive effect of stock options
          603,095       50,208       511,275  
                                 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted
    39,918,815       35,328,199       38,781,507       35,262,433  
                                 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 0.46     $ 0.42     $ 1.41     $ 1.16  
                                 
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.46     $ 0.42     $ 1.41     $ 1.14  
.
11. 
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
 
The central and local governments in China provided Henan Zhongpin with various subsidies to encourage its research and development activities, its construction of new facilities using information technology, its building cold chain logistics and distribution networks, and its other contributions to the local community, such as increasing employment opportunities. The government subsidies are generally classified as earmarked (such as research and development activities) or non-earmarked. The interest subsidies were earmarked to offset the Company’s interest expenses incurred in relation to the construction of its vegetable and fruit production facility. All subsidies were accounted for based on evidence that cash has been received and the earmarked activities have taken place. Subsidies earmarked for research and development activities were first offset against relevant research and development expenses incurred, and interest subsidies were offset against the relevant interest expense incurred. Non-earmarked subsidies are generally recognized as other income.
 
Government subsidies received by the Company during the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were as follows:
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Deferred subsidies opening balance:
                       
Interest subsidies
  $     $     $     $  
Earmarked subsidies
                       
Non-earmarked subsidies
                       
Total
  $  —     $  —     $     $  
                                 
Subsidies received:
                               
Interest subsidies
  $     $     $     $ 307,045  
Earmarked subsidies
                786,794        
Non-earmarked subsidies
    1,142,388       966,771       2,594,295       2,836,852  
Total
  $ 1,142,388     $ 966,771     $ 3,381089     $ 3,143,897  
                                 
Subsidies recognized:
                               
Interest subsidies
  $     $     $     $ 307,045  
Earmarked subsidies
                       
Non-earmarked subsidies
    1,142,388       966,771       2,594,295       2,836,852  
Total
  $ 1,142,388     $ 966,771     $ 2,594,295     $ 3,143,897  
                                 
Deferred subsidies year ending balance:
                               
Interest subsidies
  $     $     $     $  
Earmarked subsidies
                786,794        
Non-earmarked subsidies
                       
Total
  $     $     $ 786,794     $  
 
 
18

 

ZHONGPIN INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Subsidies received and other income recognized are translated at the average exchange rate. The beginning and ending balances are translated at the period-end exchange rates.

12. 
SEGMENT REPORTING
 
The Company operates in only one segment: meat production. The Company’s vegetable and fruit operations, both financially and operationally, do not represent a significant enough portion of its business to constitute a separate segment. However, the Company’s product lines are divided into two divisions: pork and pork products, and vegetables and fruits.
 
The pork and pork products division is involved primarily in the processing of live hogs into fresh, frozen and processed pork products. The pork and pork products division markets its products domestically to retail stores and to food retailers, food service distributors, restaurant operators and noncommercial food service establishments, such as schools, hotel chains, healthcare facilities, the military and other food processors, as well as in certain international markets on a limited basis.
 
The vegetables and fruits division is involved primarily in the processing of fresh vegetables and fruits. The Company contracts with more than 100 farms in Henan province and nearby areas to produce high-quality vegetable varieties and fruits suitable for export purposes. The proximity of the contracted farms to operations ensures freshness from harvest to processing. The Company contracts with those farms to grow more than 35 categories of vegetables and fruits, including asparagus, sweet corn, broccoli, mushrooms, lima beans and strawberries.
 
   
Sales by Division
(U.S. dollars in millions)
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Pork and Pork Products:
                       
Chilled pork
  $ 247.7     $ 130.6     $ 629.6     $ 359.7  
Frozen pork
    93.0       67.4       271.6       176.0  
Prepared pork products
    52.4       38.6       136.7       111.7  
Vegetables and Fruits
    5.0       4.5         12.4         13.0  
Total
  $ 398.1     $ 241.1     $ 1,050.3     $ 660.4  
                                 
Cost of Sales:
                               
Pork products
  $ 353.9     $ 210.2     $ 925.0     $ 572.1  
Vegetables and fruits
  $ 4.1     $ 3.6     $ 10.2     $ 10.8  
                                 
Gross Profit Margin:
                               
Pork products
    10.0 %     11.2 %     10.9 %     11.6 %
Vegetables and fruits
    18.0 %     20.0 %     17.7 %     16.9 %
 
 
19

 
 
Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
The statements contained in this Report with respect to our financial condition, results of operations and business that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “estimates,” “projects,” “plans,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. Management wishes to caution the reader of the forward-looking statements that any such statements that are contained in this Report reflect our current beliefs with respect to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, but not limited to, economic, competitive, regulatory, technological, key employee, and general business factors affecting our operations, markets, growth, services, products, licenses and other factors discussed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that these statements are only estimates or predictions. No assurances can be given regarding the achievement of future results, as actual results may differ materially as a result of risks facing our company, and actual events may differ from the assumptions underlying the statements that have been made regarding anticipated events.
 
These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by us in those statements. Some of these risks are described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
These risk factors should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. All written and oral forward looking statements made in connection with this Report that are attributable to our company or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Given these uncertainties, we caution investors not to unduly rely on our forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this Report is a statement of our intention as of the date of this Report and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices, the economy in general and our assumptions as of such date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.
 
Overview
 
We are principally engaged in the meat and food processing and distribution business in China.  Currently, we have 14 processing plants in China located in Henan, Jilin and Sichuan provinces and in the municipality of Tianjin.  Our current total production capacity for chilled pork and frozen pork is approximately 1,566 metric tons per average eight-hour day, or approximately 563,760 metric tons on an annual basis.  In addition, we have production capacity for prepared meats of approximately 350 metric tons per day, or approximately 126,000 metric tons on an annual basis, and for vegetables and fruits of approximately 83.3 metric tons per eight-hour day, or approximately 30,000 metric tons on an annual basis. We also have annual production capacity for food oil (pork oil) of approximately 20,000 metric tons. We use state-of-the-art equipment in all of our processing facilities.
 
We believe that recent Chinese government policy and the market’s growing demand for safer meat products will usher in a period of consolidation for the Chinese pork industry.  Government and consumers alike place food safety as one of their top priorities, and large-scale breeding farms and processing plants allow for better quality control and government supervision. In December 2009, the PRC Ministry of Commerce issued the Hog Slaughtering Industry Development Guidelines for 2010−2015. The guidelines state that the government will control the number of slaughterhouses in China and specifically that there should be less than four slaughterhouses in urban areas of municipalities and cities with a resident population of five million or more, and less than two slaughterhouses in urban areas of other cities at or above the prefecture level.
 
 
20

 
 
In June 2010, the China Meat Association (“CMA”) announced the China Meat Industry Development Strategy Report for 2011−2015(the “CMA Report”). In that report, CMA provided a development roadmap and targets for the meat industry for the coming five years:
 
Ø  
To decrease sales of room temperature pork to below 50% of total pork sales in cities at or above county level in China by 2015;
 
Ø  
To increase sales of chilled pork to around 30% of total pork sales in China by 2015;
 
Ø  
To decrease outstanding licenses for slaughterhouses from more than 21,000 to around 3,000 in China by 2015; and
 
Ø  
To build pork and pork product production bases in North China, Northeast China, East China and Southwest China.
 
These two reports indicates to us that there is an opportunity to consolidate and integrate the industry for companies with strong brand recognition in China's meat industry, high quality facilities and products, strict quality control systems and cold chain logistics capabilities.
 
Our growth strategy will include expanding our production capacity in certain strategic locations in response to the suggestions in the CMA Report. We plan to build new facilities for chilled and frozen pork, as well as new facilities for prepared pork products and cold chain logistic distribution centers. We may also explore opportunities to acquire companies with strong regional brand recognition that produce prepared pork products using high quality facilities. We expect that these new facilities, together with our existing ones, will help us to build “Zhongpin” into a stronger, national brand, increase our market share, revenues and net income and strengthen our ability to take advantage of consolidation opportunities in the meat industry in China.
 
In line with this growth strategy, we opened a new facility in Tianjin with a production capacity of approximately 36,000 metric for prepared pork products into operation in September 2011. This facility is the phase two of our Tianjin processing plant, which has a production capacity of approximately 100,000 metric tons for chilled and frozen pork.
 
We are investing approximately $18.0 million in a cold chain logistic distribution center in Anyang, Henan province. This distribution center will have a 27,000 square meters temperature adjustable warehouse, processing capacity, distribution center and quality control center. This distribution center will be used for third party cold chain logistic service. We expect to put this distribution center into operation in the third quarter of 2012.
 
We are investing approximately $87.5 million in a chilled and frozen food processing and distribution center in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, which is near Shanghai city. The whole center will be built in three phases. The first phase will include a processing center, cold chain logistics center and business complex. We plan to invest about $35.0 million on the first phase and put it into operation in the fourth quarter of 2012.
 
We are investing approximately $61.5 million in a slaughtering and processing plant, low temperature prepared pork plant, logistics center, and research and development center in the County of Nong'an in Changchun, Jilin province. This facility will have a production capacity of approximately 70,000 metric tons for chilled pork, 25,000 metric tons for frozen pork, and 30,000 metric tons for prepared pork products. Construction began in September 2010 and we expect to put the new facility for chilled and frozen pork into operation in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the new facility for prepared pork products into operation in the third quarter of 2012.
 
We are investing approximately $63.0 million in a production facility, warehouse and distribution center in Taizhou, Jiangsu province. This facility will have a production capacity of approximately 80,000 metric tons for chilled and frozen pork, including easy-to-cook products, 20,000 metric tons for frozen pork, and 30,000 metric tons for prepared pork products. The construction work began in October 2010 and we expect to put the new facility for chilled and frozen pork into operation in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the new facility for prepared pork products into operation in the third quarter of 2012.
 
 
21

 
 
We expect to invest approximately $58.5 million, excluding the cost of land use rights which we have already obtained, in a new production, research and development, and training complex in Changge, Henan province. When completed, we anticipate that this new facility will have a production capacity of approximately 100,000 metric tons for prepared pork products. Adjacent to this new production facility, we also plan to develop a center for research and development, training, as well as quality control. Construction for the first phase with a production capacity of approximately 50,000 metric tons for prepared pork products began in the first quarter of 2011 and is scheduled to be completed by the fourth quarter of 2011. We expect the second phase, which also has a production capacity of approximately 50,000 metric tons for prepared pork products, to be completed by the fourth quarter of 2012. We plan to open the research and development and training center by the fourth quarter of 2012.
 
We established a joint venture company, of which we own 65%,  with Henan Xinda Animal Husbandry Company Limited in June 2011. The joint venture company is financed by capital contributions and bank loans. All capital contributions to the joint venture company have been made to date. We expect the new company will provide 20,000 sire boars annually. We are currently building infrastructures for sire boars breeding and plan to start operation in first quarter of 2012.
 
Our products are sold under the “Zhongpin” brand name. As of September 30, 2011, our wholesale customers included 68 international and domestic fast food companies in China, 107 processing factories and 1,513 school cafeterias, hotels, factory canteens, army bases, and government departments. As of this date, we also sold directly to 3,419 retail outlets, including supermarkets, within China.
 
We have established distribution networks in 20 provinces and in the four central government-administered municipalities of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing in the North, East, South and Mid-South regions of China, and have also formed strategic business alliances with leading supermarket chains within China. We also export our products to Europe, Hong Kong as well as other selected countries and regions in Asia.
 
As of September 30, 2011, we had 7,226 employees, of whom 5,442 were operating personnel, 1,327 were sales personnel, 125 were research and development personnel and 332 were administrative personnel. We are not subject to any collective bargaining agreement and we believe that our relationship with our employees is good.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Unless otherwise noted, all translations from RMB to U.S. dollars were made at the middle rate published by the People’s Bank of China, or the middle rate, as of September 30, 2011, which was RMB6.3549 to $1.00. We make no representation that the RMB amounts referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at any particular rate or at all. On November 4 , 2011, the middle rate was RMB6.3165 to $1.00.
 
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We continually evaluate our policies and estimation procedures. Estimates are often based on historical experience and on assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, but which could change in the future. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
 
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments, estimates and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.  We believe the following are our critical accounting policies:
 
Revenue Recognition.  Revenues generated from the sale of various meat products and vegetables and fruits are recognized when these products are delivered to customers in accordance with previously-agreed-upon pricing and delivery arrangements, and the collectability of these sales is reasonably assured.  Since the products sold by us are primarily perishable and frozen food products, the right of return is only valid for a few days.  Accordingly, no provision has been made for returnable goods.  Revenues presented on our consolidated income statements are net of sales taxes.
 
 
22

 
 
The pork market in China is highly fragmented and, in the markets in which we sell our products, no single supplier has a significant impact on the market price of pork or related pork products. We have been pricing our products based on the value of our brand, the quality of our products, hog prices in the applicable period and pricing trends for similar products in the regions in which we operate.
 
Accounts Receivable. During the normal course of business, our policy is to ask customers to make deposits in reasonable and meaningful amounts on a case-by-case basis.  For certain customers, we may extend unsecured credit.
 
We regularly evaluate and monitor the creditworthiness of each of our customers in accordance with the prevailing practice in the meat industry, considering factors such as general economic conditions and industry-specific economic condition in China, historical customer performance, as well as anticipated customer performance. We maintain a general policy of providing 100% allowance for doubtful accounts in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of those accounts that are not collected within one year plus an amount equal to 5% of the aggregate amount of accounts receivable less than one year old. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance. We also examine the credit terms of significant customers regularly and ask for more cash deposits if these customers appear to have any indicators of delaying their payments to us. Such deposits are usually applied towards the outstanding accounts receivable. With such a practice in place, we did not have any specific bad debt allowance provided against specific customers as of September 30, 2011.
 
Inventories.   Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a weighted average basis, and net realizable value.  Work-in-progress and finished goods are composed of direct material, direct labor and an attributable portion of manufacturing overhead.  Net realizable value is the estimated selling price, in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs to complete and dispose.
 
Results of Operations
 
In 2011, we intend to continue to focus on the implementation of our strategic plan to sustain the growth we have experienced since becoming a U.S. public company in 2006. Over the next 12 months, we expect to continue to expand our distribution channel and develop new markets. Through our aggressive marketing campaign, we also expect to increase our brand awareness and customer loyalty. We also intend to further streamline our supply chain management to further improve and expand our unified, safe and efficient cold-chain logistics system. We also have invested in employee training and development to help sustain our rapid and healthy growth while maintaining a satisfactory profit margin.
 
Our purchasing cost of hogs and our selling price of pork both increased approximately 60% in the third quarter of 2011, compared to the same period last year, primarily because the supply of hogs was lower than the demand in the market, and inflation pushed up the cost to raise hogs. However, the demand for our products was still strong. We expect hog prices to remain stable in the fourth quarter 2011 and to increase moderately during the first quarter of 2012 due to the normal strong demand for pork during the Chinese New Year.
 
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
 
Revenue. Total revenue increased from $241.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $398.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $157.0 million, or approximately 65%. The increase in revenues during the third quarter of 2011 was primarily due to higher pork selling prices due to an increase in material costs, increased sales volume in our meat and meat products divisions resulting from the effects of the continuing increases in the number of our retail channels, geographic expansion of our distribution network and processing facilities, and increased sales to chain restaurants, food service providers, and wholesalers and distributors in China. The following table presents our sales by product division for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
 
23

 
 
   
Sales by Division
(unaudited)
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2011
   
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2010
 
   
Metric
Tons
   
Sales
Revenues
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
   
Metric
Tons
   
Sales
Revenues
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
 
                                     
Pork and Pork Products
                                   
Chilled pork
    73,771     $ 247.7     $ 3,358       61,897     $ 130.6     $ 2,110  
Frozen pork
    33,045       93.0       2,814       38,431       67.4       1,754  
Prepared pork products
    21,600       52.4       2,426       19,052       38.6       2,026  
Vegetables and Fruits
    6,034       5.0       829       6,495       4.5       693  
Total
    134,450     $ 398.1     $ 2,961       125,875     $ 241.1     $ 1,915  

In the third quarter of 2011, we increased our sales of chilled pork products by approximately $117.1 million over the amount of our sales for such products in the third quarter of 2010. As shown in the table above, our average price during the third quarter of 2011 was approximately $3,358 per metric ton for chilled pork, compared to $2,110 during the third quarter of 2010, representing an increase of 59%.  The number of metric tons of chilled pork sold during the third quarter of 2011 increased by 11,874, or 19% from the third quarter of 2010.  Our total revenue increased primarily due to the increase in the average selling price of our chilled products as a result of fluctuations in the market price of pork or pork-related products and changes of our product mix in this product sector. In addition, the total revenue increased due to increased sales to existing customers and increased volume of sales of our products as we entered new geographic markets, expanded our points of sales and acquired new customers.

In the third quarter of 2011, we increased our sales of frozen pork products by approximately $25.6 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the third quarter of 2010. Our average price during the third quarter of 2011 was approximately $2,814 per metric ton for frozen pork compared to $1,754 during the third quarter of 2010, an increase of 60%.  The number of metric tons of frozen pork sold during the third quarter of 2011 decreased by 5,386, or 14% from the third quarter of 2010. Our total revenue increased primarily due to the increase in the average price of pork in the third quarter of 2011 as a result of market fluctuations, increased sales to existing customers, and partly offset by a decrease in the sales volume of our products as we intentionally decreased the percentage share of our frozen pork products.

In the third quarter of 2011, we increased our sales of prepared pork products by approximately $13.8 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the third quarter of 2010. Our average price during the third quarter of 2011 was approximately $2,426 per metric ton for prepared pork products compared to $2,026 during the third quarter of 2010, an increase of 20%. The number of metric tons of prepared pork products sold during the third quarter of 2011 increased by 2,548, or 13% from the third quarter of 2010.  This product sector is becoming more important to our business as customers increasingly demand prepared pork products and are willing to pay higher prices for the convenience of such products. We plan to gradually increase sales from prepared pork products by building up our brand recognition and expanding our capacities for this division.

The sales of meat and vegetable products are closely related to the particular regional markets in which our distribution channels are located. Therefore, the increase in metric tons sold for the third quarter of 2011 was partly attributable to our efforts to expand our distribution channels. The following table sets forth the changes in our distribution channels:
 
 
24

 
 
   
Numbers of Stores and Cities Generating Sales Volume
(unaudited)
 
   
September 30,
   
Net
   
Percentage
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
Change
   
of Change
 
                         
Showcase stores
    164       154       10       6 %
Branded stores
    1,239       1,057       182       17 %
Supermarket counters
    2,016       2,074       (58 )     (3 )%
Total
    3,419       3,285       134       4 %
                                 
First-tier cities
    29       29             0 %
Second-tier cities
    133       128       5       4 %
Third-tier cities
    429       415       14       3 %
Total cities
    591       572       19       3 %
 
The expansion in our distribution channels and geographical coverage has been a significant factor in the increase in our sales volume. The following table shows our revenues by distribution channel for the third quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
   
Sales by Distribution Channel
(Dollars in millions)
(unaudited)
 
   
Three months ended
September 30,
   
Net
   
Percentage
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
Change
   
of Change
 
                         
Retail channels
  $ 120.2     $ 92.1     $ 28.1       31 %
Wholesalers and distributors
    152.9       79.1       73.8       93 %
Restaurants and food services
    113.9       66.1       47.8       72 %
Export
     11.1        3.8       7.3       192 %
Total
  $ 398.1     $ 241.1     $ 157.0       65 %
 
The increase in sales to different distribution channels was mainly due to the following factors:
 
 
· 
we have built up our brand image and brand recognition through general advertising displays and sales campaigns;

 
· 
we have increased the number of stores and other channels through which we sell our products;

 
· 
we believe consumers are placing more weight on food safety considerations and are willing to pay higher prices for safe food products; and

 
· 
pork prices began to increase in the middle of 2010 and reached its peak in the third quarter of 2011
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2011, revenues from export sales increased to $11.1 million, which represented an increase of $7.3 million, or approximately 192%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010.
 
 
25

 
 
Cost of Sales. Our cost of sales increased from $213.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $358.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $144.2 million, or approximately 67%. Our cost of sales primarily includes our costs of raw materials, labor costs and overhead. Of our total cost of sales, our costs of raw materials typically account for approximately 95% to 97% of the total, our overhead typically accounts for 2% to 3.5% of the total and our labor costs typically account for 1.4% to 1.7% of the total, with slight fluctuation from period to period. The sole raw material for most of our meat products are live hogs. The raw materials for our vegetable and fruit products are purchased from farmers located close to our processing facility in Changge City, Henan province. As a result, the purchasing costs of live hogs and vegetables and fruits represent substantially all of our costs of raw materials. The increase in our cost of sales in the three months ended September 30, 2011 was consistent with our increase in sales revenue during the same period.
 
   
Cost of Sales by Division
(unaudited)
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2011
   
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2010
 
   
Metric
Tons
   
Cost of
Sales
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
   
Metric
Tons
   
Cost of
Sales
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
 
                                     
Pork and Pork Products
                                   
Chilled pork
    73,771     $ 223.6     $ 3,031       61,897     $ 117.0     $ 1,890  
Frozen pork
    33,045       86.4       2,615       38,431       62.0       1,613  
Prepared pork products
    21,600       43.9       2,032       19,052       31.2       1,638  
Vegetables and Fruits
    6,034       4.1       679       6,495       3.6       554  
Total
    134,450     $ 358.0     $ 2,663       125,875     $ 213.8     $ 1,699  
 
Our gross profit margin (gross profit divided by sales revenue) decreased from 11.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to 10.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2011.  The decrease in our gross margin during the third quarter of 2011 was primarily due to (i) competition in the market, (ii) the percentage increase in pork prices being less than the percentage increase in hog prices, which is the bulk of our cost of sales, and (iii) increased promotional activities to grow our market share.
 
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased from $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $1.3 million, or approximately 21%.  As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses decreased from 2.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to 1.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2011.
 
The increase in general and administrative expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2011 was primarily the result of a $1.2 million increase in salary and welfare expenses due to the expansion of our business, which required us to hire more employees, and an increase in the average salary we paid to our employees.
 
Selling Expenses. Selling expenses increased from $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $2.5 million, or approximately 46%. The increase in selling expenses was primarily the result of our increased sales of pork and pork products, a $1.5 million increase in transportation cost, and a $0.7 million increase in salaries. As a percentage of revenues, selling expenses decreased from 2.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to 2.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2011.
 
Interest Expense (net of interest income). Interest expense net of interest income increased from $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $4.6 million, or approximately 192%. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of an increase of $26.7 million in long-term bank loans and an increase of $5.2 million in short-term bank loans, the fact that we cashed more bank notes before maturity in the third quarter of 2011 and an increase in interest rates by the central bank of China. This increase in interest expenses was partly offset by an increase in interest income due to increased bank deposits.
 
 
26

 
 
Other Income, Exchange Gain and Government Subsidies.  Other income, exchange gain and government subsidies decreased from $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, which represented a decrease of $0.8 million.
 
Income Taxes. The effective tax rate in China on income generated from the sale of prepared products is 25% and there is no income tax on income generated from the sale of raw products, including raw meat products and raw vegetable and fruit products. The decrease of $0.1 million in the provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2011 over the three months ended September 30, 2010 resulted from the increased sales of prepared meat products and increased allocation of cost and expenses on the prepared pork sector.
 
Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
 
Revenue. Total revenue increased from $660.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $1,050.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $389.9 million, or approximately 59%. The increase in revenues during the first nine months of 2011 was primarily due to higher pork prices, increased sales volume of our meat and meat products due to our geographic expansion, the continuing increases in the number of our retail channels, and increased sales to chain restaurants, food service providers and wholesalers and distributors in China.  The following table presents certain information regarding our sales by product division for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
   
Sales by Division
(unaudited)
 
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2011
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2010
 
   
Metric
Tons
   
Sales
Revenues
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
   
Metric
Tons
   
Sales
Revenues
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
 
                                     
Pork and Pork Products
                                   
Chilled pork
    222,329     $ 629.6     $ 2,832       197,515     $ 359.7     $ 1,821  
Frozen pork
    105,510       271.6       2,574       110,360       176.0       1,595  
Prepared pork products
    62,177       136.7       2,199       53,846       111.7       2,074  
Vegetables and Fruits
    13,631       12.4       910       15,787       13.0       823  
Total
    403,647     $ 1,050.3     $ 2,602       377,508     $ 660.4     $ 1,749  
 
The pork market in China is highly fragmented and in the markets in which we sell our products no single supplier has a significant impact on the market price of pork or related pork products. We have been pricing our products based on the value of our brand, the quality of our products, hog prices in the applicable period and pricing trends for similar products in the regions in which we operate.
 
In the first nine months of 2011, we increased our sales of chilled pork products by approximately $269.9 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the first nine months of 2010. As shown in the table above, our average price during the first nine months of 2011 was approximately $2,832 per metric ton for chilled pork as compared to $1,821 during the first nine months of 2010, representing an increase of 56%.  The amount of chilled pork sold during the first nine months of 2011 increased by 24,814 metric tons, or 13% from the first nine months of 2010. Our total revenue increased due to the average price increase in the first nine months of 2011 as a result of market fluctuations, increased sales to existing customers, and increased volume of sales of our products as we entered new geographic markets, expanded our points of sales and acquired new customers.
 
 
27

 
 
In the first nine months of 2011, we increased our sales of frozen pork products by approximately $95.6 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the first nine months of 2010. Our average price during the first nine months of 2011 was approximately $2,574 per metric ton for frozen pork as compared to $1,595 during the first nine months of 2010, representing an increase of 61%.  The amount of frozen pork sold during the first nine months of 2011 decreased by 4,850 metric tons, or 4% from the first nine months of 2010.  This increase in total revenues for frozen pork products is mainly due to the rise in the average pork prices of pork in the first nine months of 2011 as a result of market fluctuations.

In the first nine months of 2011, we increased our sales of prepared pork products by approximately $25.0 million over the amount of our sales of such products in the first nine months of 2010. Our average price during the first nine months of 2011 was approximately $2,199 per metric ton for prepared pork products as compared to $2,074 during the first nine months of 2010, an increase of 6%. The amount of prepared pork products sold during the first nine months of 2011 increased by 8,331 metric tons, or 15% from the first nine months of 2010.  The average selling price of this product division increased only 6% compared to a 56% increase from the chilled pork division and a 61% increase from the frozen pork division, due mainly to the change in our product mix and increasing competition in the market.. This product division, however, is becoming more important to our business as customers increasingly demand prepared pork products and are willing to pay higher average prices for the convenience of such products. We plan to gradually increase sales from prepared pork products by building up our brand recognition and expanding our capacities for this division. Additionally, in the first nine months of 2011, we sold more pork oil products than we did in the first nine months of 2010 because we put our pork oil facility into operation in April 2010. The average selling price of pork oil products is lower than that of prepared pork products.

The following table shows our revenues by distribution channel for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
   
Sales by Distribution Channel
(Dollars in millions)
(unaudited)
 
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   
Net
Change
   
Percentage
of Change
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
                         
Retail channels
  $ 349.6     $ 262.3     $ 87.3       33 %
Wholesalers and distributors
    377.5       208.9       168.6       81 %
Restaurants and food services
    302.5       182.3       120.2       66 %
Export
    20.7       6.9       13.8       200 %
Total
  $ 1,050.3     $ 660.4     $ 389.9       59 %
 
The increase in sales to different distribution channels was mainly due to the following factors:
 
 
· 
we have built up our brand image and brand recognition through general advertising display promotions and sales campaigns;

 
· 
we have increased the number of stores and other channels through which we sell our products;

 
· 
we believe consumers are placing more weight on food safety considerations and are willing to pay higher prices for safe food products; and

 
· 
pork prices began to increase in the middle of 2010 and reached a peak in the third quarter of 2011
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, revenues from export sales increased to $20.7 million, which represented an increase of $13.8 million, or approximately 200%, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
 
 
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Cost of Sales. Our cost of sales increased from $582.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $935.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $352.3 million, or approximately 60%. Our cost of sales primarily includes our costs of raw materials, labor costs and overhead. Of our total cost of sales, our costs of raw materials typically account for approximately 95% to 97% of the total, our overhead typically accounts for 2% to 3.5% of the total and our labor costs typically account for 1.4% to 1.7% of the total, with slight fluctuations from period to period. The sole raw material for most of our meat products are live hogs. The raw materials for our vegetable and fruit products are purchased from farmers located close to our processing facility in Changge City, Henan province. As a result, the purchasing costs of live hogs and vegetables and fruits represent substantially all of our costs of raw materials. The increase in our cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was consistent with our increase in sales revenue during the same period.
 
   
Cost of Sales by Division
(unaudited)
 
   
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
   
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
 
   
Metric
Tons
   
Cost of
Sales
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
   
Metric
Tons
   
Cost of
Sales
(in millions)
   
Average
Price/
Metric
Ton
 
                                     
Pork and Pork Products
                                   
Chilled pork
    222,329     $ 563.4     $ 2,534       197,515     $ 320.3     $ 1,622  
Frozen pork
    105,510       252.3       2,391       110,360       162.2       1,470  
Prepared pork products
    62,177       109.3       1,758       53,846       89.6       1,664  
Vegetables and Fruits
    13,631       10.2       748       15,787       10.8       684  
Total
    403,647     $ 935.2     $ 2,317       377,508     $ 582.9     $ 1,544  
 
Our gross profit margin (gross profit divided by sales revenue) decreased from 11.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to 11.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The decrease in our gross margin during the first nine months of 2011 was primarily due to (i) competition in the market, (ii) the rise in pork prices being less than the increase in hog prices, which is the bulk of our cost of sales, and (iii) increased promotional activities to grow our market share. As a result, our gross profit margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was lower than the level we would expect to achieve once we fully integrate our new production facilities and expand into new regional markets for our products. We intend to adjust our production levels, product mix and our sales channels in the coming quarters to increase our gross profit margin.
 
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased from $17.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $20.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $3.1 million, or approximately 17%.   As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses decreased from 2.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to 2.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.
 
The increase in general and administrative expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was primarily the result of a $1.7 million increase in salary expense due to the expansion of our business, which required us to hire more employees. Also the increase was the result of a $0.7 million increase in depreciation and amortization, a $0.6 million increase in insurance expenses. These increases were partly offset by a $0.6 million decrease in consulting fee, a $0.6 million decrease in training expenses and a $0.5 million decrease in stock compensation expenses.
 
Selling Expenses. Selling expenses increased from $14.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $22.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $8.2 million, or approximately 57%. The increase in selling expenses was primarily due to the increase in sales of pork and pork products and was primarily due to a $0.2 million increase in advertising and promotional fees, a $2.2 million increase in salaries and a $3.6 million increase in transportation fees. As a percentage of revenues, selling expenses remained steady at 2.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2011.
 
 
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Interest Expense (net of interest income). Interest expense net of interest income increased from $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $15.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $10.1 million, or approximately 177%. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of an increase of a $26.7 million in long-term bank loans and an increase of $5.2 million in short-term bank loans, the fact that we cashed more bank notes before maturity in the third quarter of 2011 and an increase in interest rates by the central bank of China. This increase was partly offset by an increase in interest income due to increased bank deposits.
 
Other Income, Exchange Gain and Government Subsidies. Other income, exchange gain and government subsidies decreased from $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which represented a decrease of $1.9 million. This decrease was primarily the result of a decrease of $1.5 million in other income, which is tax returns we enjoyed in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 due to the government policy changes.
 
Income Taxes. The effective tax rate in China on income generated from the sale of prepared products is 25% and there is no income tax on income generated from the sale of raw products, including raw meat products and raw vegetable and fruit products. The increase of $0.6 million in the provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 over the nine months ended September 30, 2010 resulted from the increased sales of prepared meat products.
 
Segment Information
 
Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, we operate in only one segment: meat production. Our vegetable and fruit operations, both financially and operationally, do not represent a significant enough portion of our business to constitute a separate segment. However, our product lines have been divided into two divisions: pork and pork products, and vegetables and fruits.
 
Our pork and pork products division is involved primarily in the processing of live hogs into fresh, frozen and processed pork products. Our pork and pork products division markets its products domestically to our retail stores, food retailers, food service distributors, restaurant operators and noncommercial food service establishments, such as schools, hotel chains, healthcare facilities, the military and other food processors, as well as to international markets on a limited basis.
 
Our vegetables and fruits division is involved primarily in the processing of fresh vegetables and fruits. We contract with more than 100 farms in Henan province and nearby areas to produce high-quality vegetable varieties and fruits suitable for export. The proximity of the contracted farms to our operations ensures freshness from harvest to processing. We contract to grow more than 35 categories of vegetables and fruits, including asparagus, sweet corn, broccoli, mushrooms, lima beans, strawberries and capsicum.
 
 
30

 
 
The following tables show our sales volume and the production volume in metric tons by product division for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
   
Sales by Division
(in metric tons)
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Pork and Pork Products
                       
Chilled pork
    73,771       61,897       222,329       197,515  
Frozen pork
    33,045       38,431       105,510       110,360  
Prepared pork products
    21,600       19,052       62,177       53,846  
Vegetable and Fruits
    6,034       6,495       13,631       15,787  
Total
    134,450       125,875       403,647       377,508  
 
   
Production by Division
(in metric tons)
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Pork and Pork Products
                       
Chilled pork
    74,227       61,835       223,409       197,252  
Frozen pork
    35,154       37,071       106,854       122,864  
Prepared pork products
    21,845       19,793       63,910       54,167  
Vegetable and Fruits
    6,290       6,229       12,665       14,803  
Total
    137,516       124,928       406,838       389,086  
 
Additional Operating Data
 
In assessing our existing operations and planning the future growth and the development of our business, management considers, among other factors, our revenue growth and growth in sales volume by market segment, as well as our sales by distribution channel and geographic market coverage.
 
The following table sets forth information with respect to the number of products we offered, the number of stores in our retail network and the number of provinces and cities in China in which we offered and sold our products at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
 
 
31

 
 
         
December 31,
 
   
September 30, 2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
 
                         
Number of products
    441       429       392       314  
Number of retail stores
    3,419       3,326       3,205       3,061  
Expansion of Market Coverage
                               
Number of provinces
    24       24       24       24  
Number of first-tier cities
    29       29       29       29  
Number of second-tier cities
    133       130       120       106  
Number of third-tier cities
    429       421       383       324  
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources and Capital Commitment
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had cash and cash equivalents of $116.6 million and $84.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2011, we had working capital of approximately $46.5 million.
 
We have established and implemented corporate policies to manage our cash flows generated by our operating activities. We have established strict credit policies to manage the credit we give to our customers, giving different credit terms to different types of customers in different sales channels. These credit terms are subject to negotiation upon request by our customers, but any adjustment must be approved by designated management. In general, we ask for credit terms from our suppliers and pay for the hogs that we purchase within one week after the hogs pass our health and quality examinations.
 
For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, net cash provided by operating activities was $60.3 million, which represented an increase of $39.7 million as compared to the net cash provided by operating activities of $20.6 million for the same period in 2010.  The increase was primarily due to a $22.4 million increase in cash flow from operating assets and liabilities, a $14.2 million increase in net income and a $3.0 million increase in non-cash items.  Of the non-cash items, depreciation and amortization accounted for $3.1 million of change due to the fact that more plants, equipment and machinery were put into use.
 
Cash flow from changes in operating assets and liabilities increased approximately $22.4 million, as compared to the negative cash flow of $32.6 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities for the same period of the prior year. Of the $22.4 million increase, $4.3 million was attributable to the change of cash flow from accounts receivable due to the fact that the volume of sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was significantly higher compared to the same period of the prior year, and $4.1 million was attributable to the change on allowance receivable. The central government granted us this amount of allowance because we helped the government in building government reserves last year. We expected to receive this allowance when the government finishes certain procedures during the fourth quarter of this year. Also a $30.6 million increase was attributable to the change of accounts payables and a $7.5 million increase was attributable to the deposit from customers. These increases were partly offset by a $15.2 million decrease from purchase deposit, which is because we paid for machineries  and projects for new capacity expansions and .we were developing new suppliers globally for pork and pork by-products.
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $159.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which represented an increase of $63.0 million as compared to the net cash of $95.9 million used in investing activities for the same period of the prior year. Compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010, we spent $14.2 million more on restricted cash so that we can issue bank notes and use these notes to pay to suppliers, $6.7 million less on land use rights, and $61.5 million more on construction in progress due to several expansion projects we are building and will be put into operation in coming months,
 
 
32

 
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was $126.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011, an increase of $58.5 million compared to the net cash provided by financing activities of $67.5 million for the same period of the prior year.  We received $66.4 million more in net proceeds from issuing new shares of common stock and $37.0 million more in net proceeds from bank notes. The increase was partly offset by received $25.1 million less proceeds from long-term bank loans, $3.5 million less in repayment of long-term loans, and $15.8 million more on repurchase shares of common stock during the first nine months of 2011 compared to the same period of 2010.

As of September 30, 2011, Henan Zhongpin had short-term and long-term bank and governmental loans in the aggregate amount of $219.1 million with interest rates ranging from 5.00% to 7.54% per annum, as shown below.
 
Capital Commitment
 
Stock Repurchase Program. In July 2011, the Board of Directors authorized a Stock Repurchase Program to repurchase up to $10 million of our common stock from July 2011 through July 2012. In August 2011, the dollar amount approved under the Stock Repurchase Program was raised to $40 million and the expiration date was extended to August 2012. As of September 30, 2011, we have repurchased 1,822,438 shares at an aggregate cost of $15.8 million.
 
Capital Expenditure. See Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Part I – Item 1 – Financial Statements” for description of ongoing construction projects and estimated cost to complete.
 
 
33

 
 
Bank
 
Amount
Borrowed
   
Interest Rate
   
Maturity Date
                 
Short-term Loans
               
                 
China Everbright Bank
    7,867,944       5.56 %  
11/11/2011
                     
China Construction Bank
    7,867,944       6.10 %  
01/21/2012
      6,294,356       5.00 %  
11/11/2011
                     
Agriculture Development Bank of China
    1,959,721       6.31 %  
12/23/2011
      2,548,848       6.56 %  
07/03/2012
                     
Guangdong Development Bank
    3,147,178       7.54 %  
09/15/2012
                     
Bank of Shanghai
    3,933,972       7.22 %  
09/28/2012
                     
China Minsheng Bank
    2,203,024       6.89 %  
01/26/2012
      2,517,742       6.89 %  
03/16/2012
      4,720,767       7.22 %  
08/25/2012
      1,573,589       7.22 %  
07/12/2012
      2,360,383       7.22 %  
07/28/2012
                     
China Merchants Bank
    1,573,589       7.32 %  
03/29/2012
      4,720,767       6.56 %  
12/13/2011
      2,360,383       7.22 %  
07/28/2012
      2,360,383       7.22 %  
07/28/2012
      2,360,383       7.22 %  
07/28/2012
      4,720,767       7.32 %  
02/24/2012
                     
China CITIC Bank
    3,933,972       7.02 %  
08/09/2012
                     
Xuchang Commercial Bank
    3,147,178       6.56 %  
06/12/2012
                     
Rabobank Nederland
    7,867,944       6.10 %  
12/28/2011
                     
                     
Zhongyuan Trust Co., Ltd.
    25,177,423       7.10 %  
03/29/2012
                     
City Finance –short-term
    31,472       0.00 %  
Extendable
Total
  $ 105,249,729              
                     
Long-term Loan-Current portion
                   
                     
Canadian Government Transfer Loan
    145,670       6.02 %  
11/15/2011
Agriculture Bank of China
    157,359       6.90 %  
10/27/2011
      1,258,871       6.90 %  
12/27/2012
      1,573,589       6.90 %  
06/27/2012
      7,867,945       6.90 %  
06/30/2012
Total
  $ 11,003,434              
                     
Long-term Loans
                   
                     
China Construction Bank
    6,294,356       5.99 %  
06/29/2013
      3,147,178       6.32 %  
03/01/2013
      4,720,767       6.32 %  
06/23/2013
                     
Agriculture Bank of China
    3,147,178       6.90 %  
12/27/2012
      11,172,481       6.65 %  
2/3/2013
      1,573,589       6.90 %  
5/27/2013
      11,015,122       6.90 %  
6/30/2013
      3,933,972       6.65 %  
12/9/2013
      3,147,178       6.90 %  
12/27/2013
      11,015,122       6.90 %  
6/27/2014
      12,588,711       6.90 %  
6/30/2014
      7,081,150       6.90 %  
12/27/2014
      6,294,356       6.90 %  
6/30/2015
                     
China Merchants Bank
    3,147,178       6.90 %  
11/26/2012
      4,720,767       6.90 %  
11/26/2013
      7,081,150       6.90 %  
11/26/2014
                     
Changge Old Town
    1,605,819       7.00 %  
Extendable
                     
Canadian Government Transfer Loan
    72,833       *    
11/15/2012
      1,052,087       *    
11/15/2041
                     
Total
  $ 102,810,994              

 
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*  22% of the principal amount of this loan bears interest at the rate of 6.02% per annum and the remaining principal amount of this loan is interest free.  All repayments are applied first to the interest-bearing portion of this loan.
 
Of our outstanding short-term loans as of September 30, 2011, $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of loans was guaranteed by our subsidiaries in China and $10.8 million aggregate principal amount of loans was guaranteed by Henan Huanghe Enterprises Group Co., Ltd., a group corporation that is not affiliated with our company or with any of our subsidiaries.

In June 2011, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Construction Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 50 million ($7.9 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.32% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable on the anniversary of date of the agreement based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms) and are payable in March and June 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plant of Henan Zhongpin.
 
In December 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 25 million ($3.9 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.65% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable on December 10, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plant of Henan Zhongpin.

In September 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 75 million ($11.8 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between December 2011 and December 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Yongcheng Zhongpin Food Company Limited.
 
 
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In July 2010, Tianjin Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Tianjin Zhongpin may borrow up to RMB 300 million ($47.2 million). Tianjin Zhongpin drew down RMB 50 million ($7.9 million) in July 2010, RMB 80 million ($12.6 million) in November 2010 and RMB 110 million ($17.3 million) in May 2011. All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments in June 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plant of Tianjin Zhongpin.
 
In June 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Construction Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 40 million ($6.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (5.99% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable on the anniversary of date of the agreement based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms) and are payable on June 29, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plant of Henan Zhongpin.
 
In April 2010, in connection with the purchase of a piece of land from Changge Old Town,  Changge Old Town extended a loan to Henan Zhongpin with a principal amount of RMB 10.2 million ($1.6 million) and bearing interest at the rate of 7.00% per annum payable on September 30, 2010 and each anniversary thereafter. Such loan does not have a fixed term and the principal amount of the loan should be repaid by Henan Zhongpin upon six months prior written notice from Changge Old Town.
 
In March 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 53 million ($8.3 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between December 2011 and December 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plant of Henan Zhongpin.
 
In February 2010, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 71 million ($11.2 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.65% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable on February 3, 2013.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plant of Henan Zhongpin.
 
In December 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Agriculture Bank of China pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 70 million ($11.0 million). All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between October 2011 and December 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are secured by the land use rights, property and plant of Luoyang Zhongpin.
 
 
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In November 2009, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with China Merchants Bank pursuant to which Henan Zhongpin borrowed RMB 95 million ($14.9 million). The first 50% of the loan was drawn down in November 2009 and the remaining 50% of the loan was drawn down in March 2010. All amounts borrowed under the loan agreement bear interest at a floating rate that is based on the prime rate published by the People’s Bank of China for loans with the same or similar terms on the drawdown date (6.90% per annum on September 30, 2011 and adjustable in the month immediately following the publishing of rate adjustments by the People’s Bank of China during the term of the loan) and are payable in installments on various scheduled repayment dates between December 2011 and December 2014.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by Luoyang Zhongpin.
 
In May 2002, Henan Zhongpin entered into a loan agreement with Bank of Communications, Zhengzhou Branch, which is the intermediary bank for a 40-year term loan in the amount of $2,504,969 from the Canadian government.  Under the terms of the loan agreement, 58% of the principal amount ($1,452,882) of this loan bears interest at the fixed rate of 6.02% per annum and remaining principal amount of this loan is interest free.  The loan is repayable in a fixed amount of $145,671, which includes both principal and interest, that is payable on a semi-annual basis through November 15, 2041.  Borrowings under the loan agreement are guaranteed by the Financing Department of Henan province.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with our ability to secure bank borrowings, will be sufficient to finance our investment in new facilities, with budgeted capital expenditures of approximately $157.4 million over the next 12 months, and to satisfy our working capital needs. We intend to satisfy our short-term debt obligations that mature over the next 12 months through additional short-term bank loans, in most cases by rolling the maturing loans into new short-term loans with the same lenders as we have done in the past.

Contractual Obligations

For information on our contractual obligations, please refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Contractual Commitments.” as presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
 
Inflation and Seasonality
   
While demand for our products in general is relatively high before the Chinese New Year in January or February each year and lower thereafter, we do not believe our operations have been materially affected by seasonality. In addition, certain components of our operations, such as revenue and cost of sales, have partially increased due to inflation; however, we do not believe that our overall results of operations have been materially affected by inflation.
 
Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
Disclosures About Market Risk. We may be exposed to changes in financial market conditions in the normal course of business. Market risk generally represents the risk that losses may occur as a result of movements in interest rates and equity prices. We currently do not use financial instruments in the normal course of business that are subject to changes in financial market conditions.
 
Currency Fluctuations and Foreign Currency Risk. Substantially all of our operations are conducted in China, with the exception of our export business and limited overseas purchases of raw materials. Most of our sales and purchases are conducted within China in RMB, which is the official currency of China. As a result, the effect of the fluctuations of exchange rates is considered minimal to our business operations.
 
Substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in RMB. However, we use the U.S. dollar for financial reporting purposes. Conversion of RMB into foreign currencies is regulated by the People’s Bank of China through a unified floating exchange rate system. Although the PRC government has stated its intention to support the value of RMB, there can be no assurance that such exchange rate will not again become volatile or that RMB will not devalue significantly against the U.S. dollar. Exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect the value, in U.S. dollar terms, of our net assets and income derived from our operations in China.
 
 
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Interest Rate Risk. We are exposed to interest rate risk through our short-term and long-term loans. We have $105.2 million short-term bank loans and $113.8 million long-term bank loans outstanding as of September 30, 2011, and we have not used any derivative financial instruments or engaged in any interest rate hedging activities to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Our future interest expense on short-term or long-term bank loans may increase or decrease due to changes in market interest rates. We monitor interest rates in conjunction with our cash requirements to determine the appropriate level of bank loans relative to other sources of funds.
 
Credit Risk. We have not experienced significant credit risk, as most of our customers are long-term customers with superior payment records. Our receivables are monitored regularly by our credit managers.
 
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
 
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information that we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
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Part II – Other Information
       
Item 1.   Legal Proceedings
 
None.
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, there were no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
 
(a) 
None.
 
 
(b) 
Not Applicable.
 
 
(c) 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
 
   
(a)
Total Number of Shares Purchased
   
(b)
Average Price Paid per Share
   
(c)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
   
(d)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs (2)
 
July 1, 2011 July 31, 2011
               
August 1, 2011 August 31, 2011
  1,069,986     $8.5198     1,069,986     $30,883,918  
September 1, 2011 September 30, 2011
  752,452     $8.8793     752,452     $24,202,648  
Total
  1,822,438 (1)   $8.6683     1,822,438     $24,202,648  
 
(1) All, or 1,822,438 repurchased shares, were made in open-market transactions.
 
(2) In July 2011, we announced that the Board of Directors had authorized a Stock Repurchase Program to repurchase up to $10 million of our common stock from July 2011 through July 2012.  In August 2011, the dollar amount approved under the Stock Repurchase Program was raised to $40 million and the expiration date was extended to August 2012.
 
Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
Not Applicable.
 
Item 4.   (Removed and Reserved)
 
Item 5.   Other Information
 
None.
 
Item 6.   Exhibits
 
The exhibits required by this item are set forth on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.
 
 
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Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we have duly caused this report to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date:  November 9, 2011
Zhongpin Inc.
       (Company)
     
 
By:
/s/ Xianfu Zhu
   
Xianfu Zhu
   
Chief Executive Officer
     
 
By:
/s/ Feng Wang
   
Feng Wang
   
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
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Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit
Number
 
Exhibit Title
     
31.1*
 
Certification of our Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
31.2*
 
Certification of our Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.1*
 
Certification of our Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
32.2*
 
Certification of our Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 

*           Filed herewith
 
 
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