Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

OF

SURGALIGN HOLDINGS, INC.

Effective November 13, 2020

ARTICLE I OFFICES

SECTION 1.01 REGISTERED OFFICE. The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Dover, County of Kent, and the name of its registered agent shall be United Corporate Services, Inc.

SECTION 1.02 OTHER OFFICES. The corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

SECTION 2.01 PLACE OF MEETING. All meetings of stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication in accordance with Section 211(a) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “DGCL”). The Board of Directors may establish guidelines and procedures in accordance with applicable provisions of the DGCL and any other applicable law or regulation for participation in a stockholder meeting by means of remote communication.  Subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a stockholder meeting held by means of remote communication may be deemed present in person, may participate in the meeting and may vote, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication; provided, however, that (i) the corporation shall implement measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (ii) the corporation shall implement measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders an opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (iii) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the corporation or a delegate thereof.

SECTION 2.02 ANNUAL MEETING. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at such date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. The Board of Directors may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 2.03 VOTING LIST. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address  of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder,   for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting, either (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) at the corporation’s principal place of business. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network. In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation.

SECTION 2.04 SPECIAL MEETING. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, may be called by the Chairman of the Board or by the President of the corporation or by the Board of Directors or by written order of a majority of the directors and shall be called by the President or the Secretary at the request in writing of stockholders owning a majority in amount of the entire capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. Such request shall state the purposes of the       proposed meeting. The Chairman of the Board or the President of the corporation or directors so calling, or the stockholders so requesting, any such meeting shall fix the time and any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place for holding such meeting.

SECTION 2.05 NOTICE OF MEETING. Written notice of the annual, and each special meeting of stockholders, stating the date, time, place, if any, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed present in person and vote at such meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the meeting. The attendance of a stockholder at any meeting (including through its representation by a proxyholder) shall constitute a waiver of notice at such meeting, except where the stockholder attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, and does so object, at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

SECTION 2.06 QUORUM. The holders of a majority of the shares of the corporation’s capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person, present by means of remote communication, if any, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of stockholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. Notwithstanding the other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, the holders of a majority of the shares of the corporation’s capital stock entitled to vote thereat, present in person, present by means of remote communication, if any, or represented by proxy, whether or not a quorum is present, the chairperson of such, shall have power to recess or adjourn the meeting from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, if any, without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the time and place, if any, of the meeting to be reconvened and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned or recessed meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If a quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of stockholders, the chairperson of the meeting shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, in the manner provided in this Section 2.06, until a quorum is present or represented. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of any holders to leave less than a quorum. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

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SECTION 2.07 VOTING. When a quorum is present at any meeting of the stockholders, the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the corporation’s capital stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting,       unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of the statutes, of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these bylaws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. Every stockholder having the right to vote shall       be entitled to vote in person, or by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing subscribed by such stockholder, bearing a date not more than three years prior to voting, unless such instrument provides for a longer period, and filed with the Secretary of the corporation before, or at the time of, the meeting. If such instrument shall designate two or more persons to act as proxies, unless such instrument shall provide the contrary, a majority of such persons    present at any meeting at which their powers thereunder are to be exercised shall have and may exercise all the powers of voting or giving consents   thereby conferred, or if only one be present, then such powers may be exercised by that one; or, if an even number attend and a majority do not agree on any particular issue, each proxy so attending shall be entitled to exercise such powers in respect of the same portion of the shares as he is of the proxies representing such shares.

SECTION 2.08 VOTING OF STOCK OF CERTAIN HOLDERS. Shares of the corporation’s capital stock standing in the name of another corporation, domestic or foreign, may be voted by such officer, agent, or proxy as the bylaws of such corporation may prescribe, or in the absence of such provision,   as the Board of Directors of such corporation may determine. Shares standing in the name of a deceased person may be voted by the executor or administrator of such deceased person, either in person or by proxy. Shares standing in the name of a guardian, conservator, or trustee may be voted by such fiduciary, either in person or by proxy. Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver. A stockholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote such shares, unless in the transfer by the pledgor on the books of the corporation, he has expressly empowered the   pledgee to vote thereon, in which case only the pledgee, or his proxy, may represent the stock and vote thereon.

SECTION 2.09 TREASURY STOCK. The corporation shall not vote, directly or indirectly, shares of its own capital stock owned by it; and such shares shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares of the corporation’s capital stock. Nothing in this Section 2.09 shall limit the right of the corporation to vote shares of stock of the corporation held by it in a fiduciary capacity.

SECTION 2.10 FIXING RECORD DATE. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date, which shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, nor more than 60 days preceding the date for payment of any dividend or distribution, or the   date for the allotment of rights, or the date when any change, or conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into effect, as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting and any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any such dividend or distribution, or to receive any such allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights in respect of any such change, conversion or exchange of capital stock, and in such case such stockholders and only such stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on the date so fixed, shall be entitled to such notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting and any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend or distribution, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any stock on the books of the corporation after any such record date fixed as aforesaid.

SECTION 2.11 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER BUSINESS AND NOMINATIONS

(a)Annual Meetings of Stockholders.  To be properly brought before the annual meeting, nominations of persons for election to the board of directors or other business must be either: (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the board of directors; (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of record in compliance with Section 2.11(b).  For the avoidance of doubt, compliance with the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations, or to propose any other business (other than a proposal included in the corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (such act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the “Exchange Act”)), at an annual meeting of stockholders.

(b)Timing of Notice for Annual Meetings.  For nominations of persons for election to the board of directors or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of Section 2.11(a) of these bylaws, (i) the subject matter thereof must be a matter which is a proper subject matter for stockholder action at such meeting; (ii) the stockholder must have been a stockholder of record of the corporation at the time the notice required by this Section 2.11 is delivered to the corporation and continues to be so through the date of such meeting and must be entitled to vote at the meeting; and (iii) the stockholder must have given timely written notice thereof by mail, courier or personal delivery to (A) the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the board of directors, care of the Secretary of the corporation, for nominations, or (B) the Secretary of the corporation, for other business. To be considered timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day, or earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day, prior to the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however that if the date of the annual meeting of stockholders is more than thirty (30) days prior to, or more than sixty (60) days after, the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, to be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be so received not later than the close of business on the later of (i) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting and (ii) the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public disclosure (as defined below) of the date of the meeting is first made by the corporation. In no event shall the adjournment, recess, postponement or rescheduling of an annual meeting (or the public disclosure thereof) commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of notice as described above.

(c)Form of Notice.  To be in proper written form, the notice of any stockholder giving notice under this Section 2.11 (each, a “Noticing Party”) must set forth:

(i)as to each person whom such Noticing Party proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (each, a “Proposed Nominee”), if any:

(A) the name, age, business address and residence address of such Proposed Nominee;

(B) the principal occupation and employment of such Proposed Nominee;

(C) a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such Proposed Nominee, completed by such Proposed Nominee in the form required by the corporation (which form such Noticing Party shall request in writing from the Secretary prior to submitting notice and which the Secretary shall provide to such Noticing Party within ten (10) days after receiving such request);

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(D) a written representation and agreement completed by such Proposed Nominee in the form required by the corporation (which form such Noticing Party shall request in writing from the Secretary prior to submitting notice and which the Secretary shall provide to such Noticing Party within ten (10) days after receiving such request) providing that such Proposed Nominee: (I) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such Proposed Nominee, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the corporation or any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such Proposed Nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with such Proposed Nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (II) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director or nominee that has not been disclosed to the corporation; (III) will, if elected as a director of the corporation, comply with all applicable rules of any securities exchanges upon which the corporation’s securities are listed, the certificate of incorporation, these bylaws and all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and other guidelines and policies of the corporation generally applicable to directors (which will be provided to such Proposed Nominee within five (5) business days after the Secretary receives any written request therefor from such Proposed Nominee), and all applicable fiduciary duties under state law; and (IV) consents to being named as a nominee in the corporation’s proxy statement and form of proxy for the meeting and to serving a full term as a director of the corporation, if elected;

(E) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings, written or oral, during the past three (3) years, and any other material relationships, between or among such Proposed Nominee, on the one hand, and such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K as if such Noticing Party and any Stockholder Associated Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the Proposed Nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and

(F) all other information relating to such Proposed Nominee or such Proposed Nominee’s associates that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made by such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of directors in a contested election or otherwise required pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “Proxy Rules”);

(ii) as to any other business that such Noticing Party proposes to bring before the meeting:

(A) a reasonably brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting;

(B) the text of the proposal or business (including the complete text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment); and

(C) all other information relating to such business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made by such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person in connection with the solicitation of proxies in support of such proposed business by such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person pursuant to the Proxy Rules; and

(iii)as to such Noticing Party, each Proposed Nominee and each Stockholder Associated Person:

(A) the name and address of such Noticing Party, each Proposed Nominee and each Stockholder Associated Person (including, as applicable, as they appear on the corporation’s books and records);

(B) the class, series and number of shares of each class or series of capital stock (if any) of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and/or of record by such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person and the date or dates such shares were acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition;

(C) the name of each nominee holder for, and number of, any securities of the corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person and any pledge by such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person with respect to any of such securities;

(D) any Short Interest (as defined below) held by or involving such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person;

(E) a complete and accurate description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings, written or oral, (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, hedging transactions, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights and borrowed or loaned shares) that have been entered into by, or on behalf of, such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from changes in the price of any securities of the corporation, or maintain, increase or decrease the voting power of such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person with respect to securities of the corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares of capital stock of the corporation (any of the foregoing, a “Derivative Instrument”);

(F) any substantial interest, direct or indirect (including any existing or prospective commercial, business or contractual relationship with the corporation), by security holdings or otherwise, of such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person in the corporation or any affiliate thereof, other than an interest arising from the ownership of the corporation’s securities where such Noticing Party, such Proposed Nominee or such Stockholder Associated Person receives no extra or special benefit not shared on a pro rata basis by all other holders of the same class or series;

(G) a complete and accurate description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings, written or oral, (I) between or among such Noticing Party and any of the Stockholder Associated Persons or (II) between or among such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person and any other person or entity (naming each such person or entity) or any Proposed Nominee, including, without limitation, (x) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person has a right to vote any security of the corporation, (y) any understanding, written or oral, that such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person may have reached with any stockholder of the corporation (including the name of such stockholder) with respect to how such stockholder will vote such stockholder’s shares in the corporation at any meeting of the corporation’s stockholders or take other action in support of any Proposed Nominee or other business, or other action to be taken, by

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such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person and (z) any other agreements that would be required to be disclosed by such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee, any Stockholder Associated Person or any other person or entity pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of a Schedule 13D pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable to such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee, any Stockholder Associated Person or any other person or entity);

(H) any rights to dividends on the shares of the corporation owned beneficially by such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the corporation;

(I) any proportionate interest in shares of the corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership, limited liability company or similar entity in which such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person is (I) a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner of such general or limited partnership or (II) the manager, managing member or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in the manager or managing member of such limited liability company or similar entity;

(J) any significant equity interests or any Derivative Instruments or Short Interests in any principal competitor of the corporation held by such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person;

(K) any direct or indirect interest of such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person in any contract with the corporation, any affiliate of the corporation or any principal competitor of the corporation (including, without limitation, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement or consulting agreement);

(L) a description of any material interest of such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person in the business proposed by such Noticing Party, if any, or the election of any Proposed Nominee;

(M) a complete an accurate description of any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) to which such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person may be entitled as a result of any increase or decrease in the value of the corporation’s securities or any Derivative Instruments, including, without limitation, any such interests held by members of any Proposed Nominee’s or Stockholder Associated Person’s immediate family sharing the same household;

(N) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person who is not an individual and a copy of the prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to investors or potential investors in the Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person;and

(O) all other information relating to such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person, or such Noticing Party’s or any Stockholder Associated Person’s associates, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing in connection with the solicitation of proxies in support of the business proposed by such Noticing Party, if any, or for the election of any Proposed Nominee in a contested election or otherwise pursuant to the Proxy Rules.

(iv)a representation that such Noticing Party intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such business before the meeting or nominate any Proposed Nominees, as applicable, and an acknowledgment that, if such Noticing Party (or a Qualified Representative (as defined below) of such Noticing Party) does not appear to present such business or Proposed Nominees, as applicable, at such meeting, the corporation need not present such business or Proposed Nominees for a vote at such meeting, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation;

(v)  a complete and accurate description of any pending or, to such Noticing Party’s knowledge, threatened legal proceeding in which such Noticing Party, any Proposed Nominee or any Stockholder Associated Person is a party or participant involving the corporation or, to such Noticing Party’s knowledge, any officer, affiliate or associate of the corporation;

(vi)   a representation from such Noticing Party as to whether such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group that intends (I) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to a number of holders of the corporation’s voting shares reasonably believed by such Noticing Party to be sufficient to approve or adopt the business to be proposed or elect the Proposed Nominees, as applicable, or (II) engage in a solicitation (within the meaning of Exchange Act Rule 14a-1(l) with respect to the nomination or other business, as applicable, and if so, the name of each participant (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) in such solicitation; and

(vii)  a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding, written or oral, the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the voting power of such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person with respect to any shares of the capital stock of the corporation, without regard to whether such agreement, arrangement or understanding is required to be reported on a Schedule 13D in accordance with the Exchange Act.

(d)Additional Information.  In addition to the information required above, the corporation may require any Noticing Party to furnish such other information as the corporation may reasonably require to determine the eligibility or suitability of a Proposed Nominee to serve as a director of the corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such Proposed Nominee, under the listing standards of each securities exchange upon which the corporation’s securities are listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board in selecting nominees for election as a director and for determining and disclosing the independence of the corporation’s directors, including those applicable to a director’s service on any of the committees of the Board, or the requirements of any other laws or regulations applicable to the corporation. If requested by the corporation, any such additional information required under this paragraph shall be provided by a Noticing Party within ten (10) days after it has been requested by the corporation.    

(e)Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) (including a notice given in response to a request from stockholders made pursuant to Section 2.04). Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) (i) by or at the direction of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (ii) provided that one or more directors are to be elected at such meeting pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting, by any stockholder of the corporation who (A) is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.11(e) and continues to be so through the date of such special meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at such special meeting and upon such election and (C) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.11(e).  In addition to any other applicable requirements, for director nominations to be properly brought before a special meeting by a stockholder pursuant to the foregoing clause (ii), such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary. To be timely, such notice must be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (x) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting and (y) the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the meeting is first made by the corporation. In no event shall an adjournment, recess, postponement or rescheduling of a special meeting (or the public disclosure thereof) commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. To be in proper written form, such notice shall include all information required pursuant to Section 2.11(c) and Section 2.11(d) above.

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(f)General.

(i)No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless the person is nominated by a stockholder in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.11 or the person is nominated by the Board, and no business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders of the corporation except business brought by a stockholder in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.11 or by the Board.  The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at a meeting may not exceed the number of directors serving in the class that is up for election at such meeting on the date the notice is first given.  Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairperson of a meeting shall have the power and the duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting has been made in accordance with the procedures set forth in these bylaws, and, if the chairperson of the meeting determines that any proposed nomination or business was not properly brought before the meeting, the chairperson shall declare to the meeting that such nomination shall be disregarded or such business shall not be transacted, and no vote shall be taken with respect to such nomination or proposed business, in each case, notwithstanding that proxies with respect to such vote may have been received by the corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.11, unless otherwise required by law, if the Noticing Party (or a Qualified Representative of the Noticing Party) proposing a nominee for director or business to be conducted at a meeting does not appear at the meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present such nomination or propose such business, such proposed nomination shall be disregarded or such proposed business shall not be transacted, as applicable, and no vote shall be taken with respect to such nomination or proposed business, notwithstanding that proxies with respect to such vote may have been received by the corporation.

(ii)A Noticing Party shall update such notice, if necessary, such that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct (A) as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of the meeting and (B) as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting (or any postponement, rescheduling or adjournment thereof), and such update shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation (x) not later than the close of business five (5) business days after the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of such meeting (in the case of an update required to be made under clause (A)) and (y) not later than the close of business seven (7) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any postponement, rescheduling or adjournment thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been postponed, rescheduled or adjourned) (in the case of an update required to be made pursuant to clause (B)).  For the avoidance of doubt, any information provided pursuant to this Section 2.11(f)(ii) shall not be deemed to cure any deficiencies in a notice previously delivered pursuant to this Section 2.11 and shall not extend the time period for the delivery of notice pursuant to this Section 2.11. If a Noticing Party fails to provide such written update within such period, the information as to which written update relates may be deemed to not have been provided in accordance with this Section 2.11.

(iii)If any information submitted pursuant to this Section 2.11 by any Noticing Party proposing individuals to nominate for election or reelection as a director or business for consideration at a stockholder meeting shall be inaccurate in any respect, such information shall be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 2.11.  Any such Noticing Party shall notify the Secretary in writing at the principal executive offices of the corporation of any inaccuracy or change in any information submitted pursuant to this Section 2.11 within two (2) business days after becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change.  Upon written request of the Secretary on behalf of the Board (or a duly authorized committee thereof), any such Noticing Party shall provide, within seven (7) business days after delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (A) written verification, reasonably satisfactory to the Board, any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by such Noticing Party pursuant to this Section 2.11 and (B) a written affirmation of any information submitted by such Noticing Party pursuant to this Section 2.11 as of an earlier date.  If a Noticing Party fails to provide such written verification or affirmation within such period, the information as to which written verification or affirmation was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 2.11.

(iv)Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.11, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of state law and the Exchange Act with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.11. Nothing in this Section 2.11 shall be deemed to affect any rights of (A) stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, (B) stockholders to request inclusion of nominees in the corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to the Proxy Rules or (C) the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.

(v)  For purposes of these bylaws, (A) “affiliate” and “associate” each shall have the respective meanings set forth in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act; (B) “beneficial owner” or “beneficially owned” shall have the meaning set forth for such terms in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act; (C) “close of business” shall mean 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on any calendar day, whether or not the day is a business day; (D) “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; (E) a “Qualified Representative” of a Noticing Party means (I) a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such Noticing Party or (II) a person authorized by a writing executed by such Noticing Party (or a reliable reproduction or electronic transmission of the writing) delivered by such Noticing Party to the corporation prior to the making of any nomination or proposal at a stockholder meeting stating that such person is authorized to act for such Noticing Party as proxy at the meeting of stockholders, which writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, must be produced at the meeting of stockholders; (F) “Short Interest” shall mean any agreement, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, including, without limitation, any repurchase or similar so-called “stock borrowing” agreement or arrangement, involving any Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person of any Noticing Party directly or indirectly, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of any class or series of shares of the corporation by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person of any Noticing Party with respect to any class or series of shares of the corporation, or which provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the price or value of any class or series of shares of the corporation; and (G) “Stockholder Associated Person” shall mean, with respect to any Noticing Party, (I) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, under common control with such Noticing Party, (II) any member of the immediate family of such Noticing Party sharing the same household, (III) any person who is a member of a “group” (as such term is used in Rule 13d‑5 under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision at law)) with or otherwise acting in concert with such Noticing Party or Stockholder Associated Person with respect to the stock of the corporation, (IV) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the corporation owned of record by such Noticing Party or Stockholder Associated Person (other than a stockholder that is a depositary), (V) any affiliate or associate of such Noticing Party or any Stockholder Associated Person, (VI) any participant (as defined in paragraphs (a)(ii)‑(vi) of Instruction 3 to Item 4 of Schedule 14A) with such Noticing Party or Stockholder Associated Person with respect to any proposed business or nominations, as applicable, and (VII) any Proposed Nominee.

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SECTION 2.12 ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF MEETING. The Chairman of the Board shall act as chairperson of meetings of stockholders of the corporation. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation shall act as chairperson of meetings of stockholders of the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate any other director or officer of the corporation to act as chairperson of any meeting in the absence of such persons, and the Board of Directors may further provide for determining who shall act as chairperson of any meeting of stockholders in the absence of such persons. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of any meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairperson of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairperson, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting.   Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairperson of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (b) the determination of  when the polls shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (c) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (d) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized proxies or such other persons as the chairperson of the meeting shall determine; (e) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement of the meeting; (f) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (g) removal of any stockholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines; (h) conclusion, recess or adjournment of the meeting, regardless of whether a quorum is present, to a later date and time and at a place, if any, announced at the meeting; (i) restrictions on the use of cell phones, audio and video recording devices, and other electronic devices; (j) rules, regulations or procedures for compliance with any state and local laws and regulations concerning safety, health and security; (k) procedures (if any) requiring attendees to provide the corporation advance notice of their intent to attend the meeting and (l) any guidelines and procedures as the chairperson may deem appropriate regarding the participation by means of remote communication of stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting.  The chairperson of a stockholder meeting, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting, and, if the chairperson should so determine, the chairperson shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter of business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Except to the extent determined by the Board or the person acting as chairperson of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

SECTION 2.13. INSPECTORS OF ELECTION. In advance of any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Board, by resolution, shall have the right to appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. One or more other persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the chairperson of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, inspectors may be officers, employees or agents of the Corporation. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of the duties of inspector, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector’s ability. The inspector shall have the duties prescribed by law and shall take charge of the polls and, when the vote is completed, shall make a certificate of the result of the vote taken and of such other facts as may be required by applicable law.

ARTICLE III

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 3.01 POWERS. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

SECTION 3.02 NUMBER, ELECTION AND TERM. The number of directors that shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be not less than one. Such number of directors shall from time to time be fixed and determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of   removing any director before that director’s term of office expires. The directors shall be appointed or elected as set forth in the Seventh Article of the Certificate of Incorporation and each director elected shall hold office for the period set forth in the Seventh Article of the Certificate of Incorporation. Directors need not be residents of Delaware or stockholders of the corporation.

SECTION 3.03 VACANCIES, ADDITIONAL DIRECTORS, AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. If any vacancy occurs in the Board of Directors caused by death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, or removal from office of any director, or otherwise, or if any new directorship is created by an increase in the authorized number of directors, a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or a sole remaining director, may choose a successor or fill the newly created directorship; and a director so chosen shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor shall be duly elected and shall qualify, subject to their earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal from service as a director. Any director may be removed either for or without cause at any special meeting of stockholders duly called and held for such purpose.

SECTION 3.04 REGULAR MEETING. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held each year at such time and place as the Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, either within or without the State of Delaware, without other notice than such resolution.

SECTION 3.05 SPECIAL MEETING. A special meeting of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or by the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation and shall be called by the Secretary on the written request of any two directors. The Chairman or Chief Executive Officer so calling, or the directors so requesting, any such meeting shall fix the time and any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place for holding such meeting.

SECTION 3.06 NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING. Written notice of special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director in advance of each such meeting, the amount of time in advance of such meeting such notice is given being as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances. Any director may waive notice of any meeting. The attendance of a director at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a director attends a meeting for the purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and does so object, at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting, except that notice shall be given of any proposed amendment to the bylaws if it is to be adopted at any special meeting or with respect to any other matter where notice is required by statute.

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SECTION 3.07 QUORUM. A majority of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

SECTION 3.08 ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof as provided in Article IV of these bylaws, may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or electronic transmission is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee.

SECTION 3.09 COMPENSATION. Directors shall be entitled to receive from the corporation such amount per annum and in addition, or in lieu thereof, such fees for attendance at meetings of the Board of Directors or of any committee of directors, or both, as the Board of Directors from time to time shall determine. Directors who are full-time employees of the Corporation shall not receive any compensation for their service as director. The Board of Directors may also likewise provide that the corporation shall reimburse each such director or member of such committee for any expenses paid by him or her on account of his or her attendance at any such meeting.  Any such payments may be made in cash or securities, as the Board of Directors may determine.  No provision of these bylaws shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

SECTION 3.10 CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members as Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and shall have such other powers and duties as may from time to time be prescribed by these bylaws or the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 4.01 DESIGNATION, POWERS AND NAME. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, each such committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The committee shall have and may exercise such of the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation as may be provided in such resolution. The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to fill vacancies in, to change the membership of or to dissolve any such committee. The committee may authorize any seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of any member of such committee or committees, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names and such limitations of authority as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board  of Directors.

SECTION 4.02 MINUTES. Each committee of directors shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

SECTION 4.03 COMPENSATION. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed such compensation as the Board of Directors shall determine.

ARTICLE V

NOTICE

SECTION 5.01 METHODS OF GIVING NOTICE. Whenever under the provisions of applicable statutes, the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, notice is required to be given by the corporation to any director, member of any committee, or stockholder, such notice shall be in writing and delivered personally, by mail to such director, member, or stockholder or by electronic transmission (as defined below) (if permitted under the circumstances by the DGCL); provided that in the case of a director or a member of any committee such notice may be given orally. If mailed, any such notice to a director, member of a committee, or stockholder shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail first class in a sealed envelope, with postage thereon prepaid, or when delivered through reputable, recognized overnight courier service, addressed, in the case of a stockholder, to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it  appears on the records of the corporation or, in the case of a director or a member of a committee, to such person at his business address. If sent by electronic transmission, any such notice to a director, member of a committee or stockholder shall be deemed to be given at the times provided in the DGCL. For the purposes of these bylaws, “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.

SECTION 5.02 WRITTEN WAIVER. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of an applicable statute, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or by electronic transmission by such person, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual or special meeting of the stockholders or any regular or special meeting of the Board or committee thereof need be specified in any waiver of notice of such meeting unless so required by law.

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ARTICLE VI

OFFICERS

SECTION 6.01 OFFICERS. The officers of the corporation shall include a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, any one or more of which may be designated Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents, including Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, and Assistant Treasurers, in each case as the Board of Directors shall deem necessary, who shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined by the Board. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. None of the other officers need be a director, and none of the officers need be a stockholder of the corporation.  The Board of Directors may by resolution designate the position of Chairman of the Board as constituting status as an officer of the corporation, but in absence of such a designation, the position of Chairman of the Board shall not constitute status as an officer.

SECTION 6.02 ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE. The officers of the corporation shall be elected from time to time by the Board of Directors. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been chosen and shall have qualified or until his death or the effective date of his resignation or removal.

SECTION 6.03 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION. Any officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed without cause by the Board of Directors whenever, in its judgment, the best interests of the corporation shall be served thereby; but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights, if any, of the person removed. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein, and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 6.04 VACANCIES. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation by death, resignation, removal, or otherwise, may be filled by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 6.05 COMPENSATION. The compensation of all executive officers of the corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors, an appropriate committee thereof, or pursuant to its or their direction; and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by reason of his also being a director.

SECTION 6.06 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. Subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall in general supervise and control the business and affairs of the corporation. He shall have the power to appoint and remove subordinate officers, agents and employees,    except as may be determined by the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall keep the Board of Directors fully informed and shall consult them concerning the business of the corporation. He may sign any deeds, bonds, mortgages, contracts, checks, notes, drafts, or other instruments that the Board of Directors has authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing and execution thereof has been expressly delegated by these bylaws or by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation, or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed. He may vote, or give a proxy to any other officer of the corporation to vote, all shares of stock of any other corporation standing in the name of the corporation and in general he shall perform all other duties normally performed by a Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or another person designated by the Board of Directors shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. He may also preside at any such meeting attended by the Chairman of the Board if he is so designated by the Chairman, or in the Chairman’s absence by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 6.07 PRESIDENT. The President shall report to the Chief Executive Officer and shall implement the general directives, plans and policies formulated by the Chief Executive Officer. The President shall have authority to exercise all the powers delegated to him by the Chief Executive Officer. He may sign with the Secretary or Assistant Secretary certificates for shares of the corporation.  He may also sign any deeds, bonds, mortgages, contracts, checks, notes, drafts, or other instruments that the Board of Directors has authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing and execution thereof has been expressly delegated by these bylaws or by the Board of Directors to some   other officer or agent of the corporation, or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors.

SECTION 6.08 VICE PRESIDENTS. In the absence of the President, or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the Executive Vice President (or in the event there shall be no Vice President designated Executive Vice President, any Vice President designated by the Board) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President. Any Vice President may sign, with the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, certificates for shares of the  corporation. The Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Chief Executive Officer, President or the Board of Directors.

SECTION 6.09 SECRETARY. The Secretary shall (a) keep the minutes of the meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and committees of the Board of Directors; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws and as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of any seal of the corporation, and see that any such seal of the corporation or a facsimile thereof is affixed to all certificates for shares prior to the issue thereof and to all documents, the execution of which on behalf of the corporation under any such seal is duly authorized in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws; (d) keep or cause to be kept a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished by such stockholder; (e) sign with the Chief Executive Officer, President, or a Vice President, certificates for shares of the corporation, the issue of which shall have been authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors; (f) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the corporation; and (g) in general, perform all duties normally incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Chief Executive Officer, President or the Board of Directors.

SECTION 6.10 TREASURER. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the Board of Directors shall determine. He shall (a) have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation; (b) receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the corporation from any source whatsoever and deposit all such moneys in the name of the corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as shall be selected in accordance with the    provisions of Section 7.03 of these bylaws; (c) prepare, or cause to be prepared, for submission at each regular meeting of the Board of Directors, at each annual meeting of the stockholders, and at such other times as may be required by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, a statement of financial condition of the corporation in such detail as may be required; and (d) in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors.

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SECTION 6.11 ASSISTANT SECRETARIES AND TREASURERS. The Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers shall, in general, perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the Secretary or the Treasurer, respectively, or by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors. The Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers shall, in the absence of the Secretary or Treasurer, respectively, perform all functions and duties which such absent officers may delegate, but such delegation shall not relieve the absent officer from the responsibilities and liabilities of his office. The Assistant Secretaries may sign, with the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President, certificates for shares of the corporation, the issue of which shall have been authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors. The Assistant Treasurers shall respectively, if required by the Board of Directors, give bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties in such sums and with such sureties as the Board of Directors shall determine.

ARTICLE VII

CONTRACTS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

SECTION 7.01 CONTRACTS. Subject to the provisions of Section 6.01, the Board of Directors may authorize any officer, officers, agent, or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

SECTION 7.02 CHECKS. All checks, demands, drafts, or other orders for the payment of money, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation, shall be signed by such officer or officers or such agent or agents of the corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 7.03 DEPOSITS. All funds of the corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as the Board of Directors may select.

ARTICLE VIII

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

SECTION 8.01 ISSUANCE. Each stockholder of this corporation shall be entitled to a certificate or certificates showing the number of shares of capital stock registered in his name on the books of the corporation. The certificates shall be in such form as may be determined by the Board of   Directors, shall be issued in numerical order and shall be entered in the books of the corporation as they are issued. They shall exhibit the holder’s name and number of shares and shall be signed by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. Any signature on the certificate may be a facsimile. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the designations, preferences, and relative participating, optional, or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of such preferences and rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the  face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class of stock; provided that, except as otherwise provided by statute, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class  or series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish to each stockholder who so requests the designations, preferences and relative,  participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of such preferences and rights. All certificates surrendered to the corporation for transfer shall be canceled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like number of shares shall have been surrendered and canceled, except that in the case of a lost, stolen, destroyed, or mutilated certificate a new one may be issued therefor upon such terms and with such indemnity, if any, to the corporation as the Board of Directors may prescribe. Certificates shall not be issued representing fractional shares of stock.

SECTION 8.02 LOST CERTIFICATES. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the      person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require (1) the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require, (2) such owner to give the corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate or certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, or (3) both.

SECTION 8.03 TRANSFERS. Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment, or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to    the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the transaction upon its books. Transfers of shares shall be made only on the books of    the corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by his attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney and filed with the Secretary of the corporation or the Transfer Agent.

SECTION 8.04 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS. The corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of the corporation’s capital stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.

ARTICLE IX

DIVIDENDS

SECTION 9.01 DECLARATION. Dividends with respect to the shares of the corporation’s capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors pursuant to applicable law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.

SECTION 9.02 RESERVE. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

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ARTICLE X

INDEMNIFICATION

SECTION 10.01 THIRD PARTY ACTIONS. The corporation shall indemnify any director or officer of the corporation, and may indemnify any other person, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another  corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit, or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of NOLO CONTENDERE or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

SECTION 10.02 ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE CORPORATION. The corporation shall indemnify any director or officer and may indemnify any other person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of    such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon   application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

SECTION 10.03 MANDATORY INDEMNIFICATION. To the extent that a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit, or proceeding referred to in Sections 10.01 and 10.02, or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith.

SECTION 10.04 DETERMINATION OF CONDUCT. Any indemnification under Section 10.01 or 10.02 of this Article X (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 10.01 or 10.02 of this Article X. Such determination shall be made (a) by a majority vote of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (b) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, (c) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (d) by the stockholders.

SECTION 10.05 PAYMENT OF EXPENSES IN ADVANCE. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit, or proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit, or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer, employee, or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article X.

SECTION 10.06 INDEMNITY NOT EXCLUSIVE. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided or granted hereunder shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Certificate of Incorporation, any other bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders, or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

SECTION 10.07 DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Article X:

(a)“the corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger that, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors,    officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article X with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect   to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued;

(b)“other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans;

(c)“fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan;

(d)“serving at the request of the corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation that imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and

(e)a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the corporation” as referred to in this Article X.

SECTION 10.08 CONTINUATION OF INDEMNITY. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided or granted hereunder shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee, or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and administrators of such a person.

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ARTICLE XI

MISCELLANEOUS

SECTION 11.01 SEAL. Any corporate seal, if one is authorized by the Board of Directors, shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation, and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware.” Any such seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or otherwise reproduced.

SECTION 11.02 BOOKS. The books of the corporation may be kept (subject to any provision contained in the statutes) outside the State of Delaware at the offices of the corporation, or at such other place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 11.03  DGCL.  References in these bylaws to the “statute” or the “statutes” shall mean the DGCL.

ARTICLE XII

FORUM FOR CERTAIN ACTIONS

SECTION 12.01 FORUM. Unless a majority of the Board of Directors, acting on behalf of the corporation, consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum (which consent may be given at any time, including during the pendency of litigation), the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another state court located within the State of Delaware or, if no court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation under Delaware law, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any of its directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, these bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation (in each case, as may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any of its directors, officers or other employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware or (v) any other action asserting an “internal corporate claim,” as defined in Section 115 of the DGCL, in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over all indispensable parties named as defendants. Unless a majority of the Board of Directors, acting on behalf of the corporation, consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum (which consent may be given at any time, including during the pendency of litigation), the federal district courts of the United States of America, to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any action asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

SECTION 12.02 PERSONAL JURISDICTION. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of Section 12.01 of this Article XII is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce Section 12.01 of this Article XII (an “Enforcement Action”) and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such Enforcement Action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder.

SECTION 12.03 ENFORCEABILITY. If any provision of this Article XII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person, entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provision in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article XII, and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 12.04 NOTICE AND CONSENT. For the avoidance of doubt, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any security of the corporation shall be deemed to have notice of any consented to the provisions of this Article XII.

ARTICLE XIII

AMENDMENT

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, these bylaws may be altered, amended, or repealed by a majority of the number of directors then constituting the Board of Directors at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors without prior notice, at any special meeting of the Board of Directors if notice of such alteration, amendment, or repeal be contained in the notice of such special meeting or by action by written consent without a meeting of the Board of Directors.

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