UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001‑37931

GTY Technology Holdings Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (702) 945‑2898

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ◻ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ◻ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ◻    No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $212.7 million based upon the closing sale price of our common stock of $6.85 on that date. As of March 13, 2020, there were 53,504,278 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, issued and 52,887,912 outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The information required by Part III of this Report, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated herein by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2020, which definitive proxy statement shall be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Report relates.

Table of Contents

PART I

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).  These statements include information relating to future events, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation and availability of resources. Specifically, forward-looking statements may include statements relating to:

the benefits of our February 2019 business combination (the “business combination”);

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements in deciding whether to invest in our securities. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

the risk that the ongoing integration of the businesses acquired in the business combination may disrupt current plans and operations;

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the time that they are made and do not necessarily reflect our outlook at any other point in time, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “GTY,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to GTY Technology Holdings Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (f/k/a GTY Govtech, Inc.).

Item 1. Business.

GTY Business Overview

GTY Technology Holdings Inc. (GTY)  is software as a service (“SaaS”) company that offers a cloud-based suite of solutions for the public sector, in North America. GTY brings leading government technology companies together to achieve a new standard in citizen engagement and resource management.  GTY solutions provide public sector organizations with the ability to communicate, engage, interact, conduct business and transact with their constituents in a simple and easy manner spanning functions in procurement, payments, grants management, budgeting, and permitting.

GTY operates  through  six operating subsidiaries: Bonfire provides strategic sourcing and procurement software to enable confident and compliant spending decisions; CityBase provides government payment solutions to connect constituents with utilities and government agencies; eCivis offers a grants management system to maximize grant revenues and track performance; Open Counter provides government permitting software to guide applicants through complex permitting and licensing procedures; Questica offers budget preparation and management software to deliver on financial and non-financial strategic objectives; Sherpa provides public sector budgeting software and consulting services.

We were initially formed as a blank check company incorporated on August 11, 2016 as a Cayman Islands exempted company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. Until the consummation of the business combination, we did not engage in any operations nor generated any revenue.

On November 1, 2016, we consummated our initial public offering of 55,200,000 units, including the issuance of 7,200,000 units as a result of the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option in full. Each unit consisted of one Class A ordinary share and one-third of one warrant. Each whole warrant entitled the holder thereof to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. The units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds, before expenses, of $552 million. Prior to the consummation of the initial public offering, in August, 2016, GTY Investors, LLC (the “Sponsor”) purchased 8,625,000 Class B ordinary shares (“founder shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.002 per share. On each of October 14 and October 26, 2016, we effected a share capitalization resulting in an aggregate of 11,500,000 and 13,800,000 founder shares outstanding, respectively. In October 2016, the Sponsor transferred 25,000 founder shares to each of our independent director nominees at the same per-share purchase price paid by the Sponsor.

Simultaneously with the closing of the initial public offering, we consummated the private placement of 8,693,334 private placement warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.50 per private placement warrant, with the Sponsor, generating gross proceeds of approximately $13.04 million.

Upon the closing of the initial public offering and private placement on November 1, 2016, $552 million from the net proceeds of the sale of the units in the initial public offering and the private placement was placed in a U.S.-based trust account maintained by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, acting as trustee.

Initially, we were required to complete our initial business combination by November 1, 2018, which was 24 months from the closing of our initial public offering. On October 30, 2018, our shareholders approved a proposal to amend our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to extend the date by which we had to consummate an initial business combination from November 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019. In connection with such proposal, our public shareholders had the right to elect to redeem their Class A ordinary shares for a per share price, payable in cash, based upon the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account. Our public shareholders holding 34,011,538 Class A ordinary shares out of a total of 55,200,000 Class A ordinary shares validly elected to redeem their shares and, accordingly, after giving effect to such redemptions, the balance in our trust account was approximately $216.8 million.

On February 19, 2019, we consummated the business combination pursuant to which we (i) acquired each of Bonfire Interactive Ltd. (“Bonfire”), CityBase, Inc. (“CityBase”), eCivis Inc. (“eCivis”), Open Counter Enterprises Inc. (“Open Counter”), Questica Inc. and Questica USCDN Inc. (together, “Questica”). Until the Acquisition, GTY Cayman did not engage in any operations nor generate any revenues. 11,073,040 Class A ordinary shares were redeemed at a per share price of approximately $10.29 in connection with the shareholder vote to approve the business combination. In connection with the closing of the business combination, GTY Govtech, Inc. a Massachusetts corporation, became the parent company of and successor issuer by operation of Rule 12g-3(a) promulgated under the Exchange Act to our predecessor entity, GTY Technology Holdings Inc., the Cayman Islands exempted company, and changed its name from GTY Govtech, Inc. to GTY Technology Holdings Inc.

Upon the closing of the business combination, all outstanding Class A ordinary shares were exchanged on a one-for-one basis for shares of common stock, and our outstanding warrants became exercisable for shares of common stock on the same terms as were contained in such warrants prior to the business combination.

Legal Proceedings

On November 19, 2018, GTY Technology Holdings Inc., a Massachusetts corporation (“GTY” or the “Company”), Stephen J. Rohleder and Harry L. You commenced a lawsuit against OpenGov, Inc. (“OpenGov”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York captioned GTY Technology Holdings Inc. et al. v. OpenGov, Inc., No. 18-cv-10854 (the “New York Action”), and on November 20, 2018, OpenGov commenced a lawsuit against the Company, the Company’s predecessor entity, GTY Technology Holdings Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company, GTY Technology Merger Sub, Inc., GTY Investors, LLC, Mr. You, Mr. Rohleder and Does 1-50 in the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of San Mateo captioned OpenGov, Inc. v. GTY Technology Holdings Inc. et al., No. 18-cv-06264 (the “California Action”).

On February 19, 2020, the parties to the New York Action and the California Action entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) to resolve all the pending claims in the New York Action and the California Action, without any admission or concession of wrongdoing by the Company or other defendants. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company paid OpenGov $3.3 million, net of amounts paid by the Company’s insurers, in exchange for a full and complete release of all claims that were or could have been asserted in the New York Action and the California Action.

The following is a brief description of each of the business units we acquired in connection with the business combination.

Bonfire Business Overview

Bonfire Interactive Ltd., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada, or Bonfire, was founded in 2012 and is a major provider of software technologies for the procurement and vendor or supplier sourcing industry across government, the broader public sector, and various highly-regulated commercial vertical markets.

Bonfire offers clients and their sourcing professionals a modern software as a service (SaaS) application that helps find, engage, evaluate, negotiate with, and award contracts to suppliers. Bonfire delivers effective workflow automation, data collection and analysis, and collaboration to drive cost savings, compliance, and strategic outcomes. All of Bonfire’s applications are delivered as a SaaS offering.

Industry Background

The North American public sector represents a significant market for procurement technology. Various levels of government and public sector agencies’ procurement processes account for an estimated 12% of gross domestic product for both the United States and Canada, which equals approximately $2.5 trillion per year for the United States and Canada combined. Despite this magnitude, however, most of these spending decisions are made via paper, off-the-shelf spreadsheet technologies, and legacy internet-based sourcing portals.

In total, the North American public sector market includes over 99,000 cities, counties, towns, and other local government special agencies, and over 17,000 public institutions in academia, public healthcare, transit,  utilities, and general state and federal agencies as of the most recent US Census of Governments. Despite differences in revenue sources, service delivery, and organizational mandates, each government body or entity shapes its sourcing practices in similar ways in response to state and federal procurement legislation and the emergence of various best practices.

Each public body faces a similar challenge: how to procure the best good/service, for the best cost, within often rigid compliance and policy directives from elected bodies or other regulation.  This compliance- and policy-driven environment makes public sector procurement a significantly more complex and sensitive process than in the private sector. Public sector procurement teams are typically stewards of tax-payer resources, and are subjected to high sourcing scrutiny and ethics requirements. Such entities must balance competing interests like cost-savings, compliance, and quality to achieve uniquely positive outcomes.

Public sector procurement groups are more regularly transitioning tools from offline workflows to online SaaS-enabled platforms to fulfill this mandate. Legacy internet-based portals and procurement suites often fail to respect the complexities of making procurement decisions in a public sector context. Many are mere systems of record and rudimentary interface points for buyers and suppliers. Many more fail to help procurement teams with the key functionalities of managing and analyzing supplier data for optimal sourcing decisions.

Bonfire uniquely captures the complexity and depth of public sector sourcing workflows; the software allows procurement teams to collect highly granular supplier data, analyze and evaluate it across discrete criteria, and ultimately help procurement teams make the best possible decision as a balance of compliance, cost-savings, and quality/fit.

Products and Services

Bonfire provides a comprehensive and flexible suite of products that addresses the procurement needs of predominantly public sector clients across academia, public healthcare, local and state government, transit, utilities, and various other state and federal agencies. Bonfire derives all of its revenues from subscription-based SaaS revenues.

A description of Bonfire’s suites of products and services follows:

Strategy

Bonfire’s objective is to grow its revenue and earnings organically, supplemented by focused strategic acquisitions.  The key components of its business strategy are to:

Sales, Marketing, And Clients

Bonfire markets its products and services through direct, in-house sales and marketing personnel located in Canada and the United States.

Sales of new systems are typically generated from outbound marketing and sales campaigns, tradeshows and conferences, word-of-mouth and referrals, and thought-leadership campaigns.

Competition

Bonfire competes with numerous local, regional, and national firms that provide or offer some or many of the same solutions that it provides. Many of these competitors are smaller companies that may be able to offer less expensive solutions than Bonfire’s. Many of these firms operate within a specific geographic territory and/or are in a narrow product or service niche. Bonfire also competes with national firms, some of which have greater financial and technical resources than Bonfire does, including SAP Ariba. Bonfire also occasionally competes with central internal information service departments of local governments, which requires it to persuade the end-user department to discontinue service by its own personnel and outsource the service to Bonfire.

Bonfire competes on a variety of factors, including price, service, name recognition, reputation, technological capabilities, and the ability to modify existing products and services to accommodate the individual requirements of the client. Bonfire’s ability to offer an integrated system of applications for several offices or departments is often a competitive advantage. Local governmental units often are required to seek competitive proposals through a request for proposal process and some prospective clients use consultants to assist them with the proposal and vendor selection process.

Suppliers

Substantially all of the computers, peripherals, printers, scanners, operating system software, office automation software, and other equipment necessary for the implementation and provision of Bonfire’s software systems and services are presently available from several third-party sources. Hardware is purchased on original equipment manufacturer or distributor terms at discounts from retail. Bonfire has not experienced any significant supply problems.

Research and Development

Bonfire invests substantial resources in research and development to improve its platform and develop new products and features. Bonfire’s research and development team is primarily responsible for the design, development, testing, and delivery of its products.

Intellectual Property, Proprietary Rights and Licenses

Bonfire regards certain features of its internal operations, software, and documentation as confidential and proprietary and relies on a combination of contractual restrictions, trade secret laws and other measures to protect its proprietary intellectual property.  Bonfire currently does not rely on patents.  Bonfire believes that, due to the rapid rate of technological change in the computer software industry, trade secrets and copyright protection are less significant than factors such as knowledge, ability and experience of its employees, frequent product enhancements, and timeliness and quality of support services. Bonfire typically licenses its software products under non-exclusive license agreements, which are generally non-transferable and have a perpetual term.

Employees

At December 31, 2019, Bonfire had 108 full-time employees. None of its employees are represented by a labor union or are subject to collective bargaining agreements. Bonfire considers its relations with its employees to be positive.

Properties

Bonfire leases and occupies approximately 21,000 square feet of office space in Ontario, Canada. Such lease expires on June 30, 2022.

Government Regulation

Upon reasonable investigation, we are not aware of any current government regulations that negatively impact Bonfire’s business or ability to compete in its markets.

Legal Proceedings

There are no legal proceedings pending to which Bonfire is party or to which any of its properties are subject.

CityBase Business Overview

CityBase provides dynamic content, digital services, and integrated payments via a software-as-a- service (SaaS) platform that includes functionality accessible via web and mobile, kiosk, point-of-sale, and other channels. CityBase software integrates its platform to underlying systems of record, billing, and other source systems, and configures payments and digital services to meet the requirements of its clients. Its clients include government agencies and utility companies. CityBase, LLC was formed in Delaware on June 9, 2014. On June 21, 2016, CityBase, LLC was converted into a Delaware corporation, CityBase, Inc.

To complement and expand CityBase’s technology and customer base, on August 17, 2017, CityBase acquired 100% of the equity interests of the Department of Better Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation, in exchange for shares of CityBase common stock.

Industry Background

Currently, the government technology industry is composed of legacy technology vendors (which typically use significant customization for implementation), consulting firms, in-house development, and manual processes that have never been digitized. CityBase anticipates that government will follow the digital transformation of the private sector as constituents will expect such digitalization, and ultimately such digitalization is expected to yield cost reductions and improved service to constituents. CityBase also expects a continued momentum amongst government staff and leaders to modernize government services. This future is not defined, but facilitated by, technology and will revolutionize the way that people experience government.

Product and Service Offerings

CityBase provides an enterprise SaaS platform that facilitates government and utility interactions with customers. The key elements of its products and services are digital services and payments.

Digital Services

CityBase’s digital services make it easier for constituents to register, apply, search, and pay for government and utility services — and easier for staff to administer these services. “Digital services” includes solutions that address the common interactions that people have with the government or their utility provider, which are often paper-based today. CityBase digital services include configurable digital forms and case management tools that replace manual processes or improve existing online processes for government and utility customers. CityBase’s digital service tools help government and utility staff process constituent requests faster and more effectively.

Payments

The CityBase platform helps local governments and utilities accept, track, and manage payments from their constituents. CityBase facilitates payments that provide a modern user experience, integrate seamlessly with its customers’ existing systems, and are consistent across a large enterprise. The payment technology is available via channels, including

web and mobile web, kiosk, and point-of-sale terminals. Its revenue management solution allows clients to manage system-wide payment activity as well as reconcile to individual transactions in one place.

Customers

CityBase’s clients include local and county governments and investor or municipal utility companies. Four of CityBase’s customers accounted for approximately 78% and 72% of CityBase’s total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Competition

The market for enterprise payment, data analytics, and communication platforms for local governments and utilities is competitive and evolving. CityBase faces competition from several types of internal approaches and independent providers:

Competitive factors in CityBase’s market may include the following:

CityBase believes that it compares favorably on the basis of these factors. Some of CityBase’s current competitors have, and future competitors may have, greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources, greater resources to devote to research and development, a broader range of products and services, larger marketing budgets, more extensive customer bases and broader customer relationships, and/or longer operating histories, greater name recognition and other resources.

Government Regulation

As a contractor to various government agencies, CityBase is subject to certain restrictions in how it operates. Such restrictions may exist at the individual client level and may include regulations that govern the fees that CityBase collects for its services or the ability of the government counterparty to terminate its contractual obligations.

Privacy and Data Security

In addition, as a facilitator of credit card payments, CityBase is subject to privacy and data protection laws and payment card industry best practices. CityBase is a Payment Card Industry (PCI) Level-1 compliant service provider hosted in an Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud environment. CityBase takes a number of important measures to promote

data privacy and data security, including adhering to the standards and requirements, as defined by the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), using tokenization, employing 24/7 fraud and tamper detection, real-time alerting, end-to-end encryption technology, and regularly scheduled internal and external penetration testing.

Research and Development

CityBase invests substantial resources in research and development to improve its platform and develop new products and features. CityBase’s research and development organization is primarily responsible for the design, development, testing, and delivery of its products and platform.

Intellectual Property

The success of CityBase depends, in part, on its ability to protect its brands and technologies against infringement and misappropriation. CityBase relies on a combination of contractual restrictions, confidentiality procedures, trade secret laws and other measures to protect its proprietary intellectual property.  CityBase does not currently own any patents or hold other intellectual property registrations to protect its intellectual property.

CityBase uses certain intellectual property licensed from third parties, including software made available to the public under open source licenses. If any proprietary software does not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, CityBase believes that alternative software would be available, if necessary.

CityBase cannot be certain that its products and services do not and will not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. To the extent claims against CityBase are successful, it may have to pay substantial monetary damages or discontinue or modify certain products or services that are found to infringe another party’s rights.

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, CityBase had 99 full-time employees. CityBase also utilizes independent contractors to support certain technical and other functions, including implementation engineers, which assist on all phases of the web-based project lifecycle, from project definition through implementation.

CityBase employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement, and it has never experienced a work stoppage. CityBase believes that its relations with its employees are good.

Facilities

CityBase’s corporate headquarters is located in Chicago, Illinois, where it currently leases approximately 14,560 square feet under a lease agreement set to expire in November 2021. In addition, CityBase subleases a Chicago, Illinois office to a non-related party under terms expiring on December 31, 2020. CityBase also leases a warehouse space in Illinois and co-working spaces in San Francisco, California; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Birmingham, Alabama. CityBase believes that its current facilities are adequate to meet its ongoing needs and that, to accommodate growth, it may seek additional facilities as necessary.

Legal Proceedings

There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against CityBase or any members of its management team in their capacity as such.

eCivis Business Overview

eCivis provides cloud-based grants management and cost allocation software for state, local and tribal governments and other government entities. eCivis helps thousands of public agencies maximize their grant revenues, track financial and program performance, prepare cost allocation plans and budgets, and access free open data tools to make sense of federal data. eCivis’s solutions simplify grant pursuance, proposal development, budgeting, program implementation, performance, reporting, compliance and management of subrecipients in one single centralized enterprise system. eCivis was founded in Pasadena, California in 2000 with the help of local government leaders at the International City/County Management Association (ICMA).

Industry Background

eCivis has identified a major inefficiency in the flow of government funding between state and federal government and businesses, individuals and various local government entities. The grant funding process is inefficient, with the majority of local governments lacking essential human and technical resources to pursue and manage the grant process. Instead, staff members without formal training often attempt to fit grants management into their already heavy workload, without access to standardized forms, tools or processes, resulting in inefficient strategy and lost opportunities for funding. Data and information is rarely standardized and is entered into common back office tools such as spreadsheets and outdated grant management systems without comprehensive tracking and integration functions. Furthermore, currently- existing fund management systems are unable to monitor the proper use of funds, leading to significant mismanagement and even risk of loss and misappropriation of funds. Competitive grants are time sensitive and require immediate attention whereas procurement and internal sources take time to be approved. eCivis provides products and services that can be deployed quickly and with little technical support to address the time sensitive nature of these grant funds.

eCivis’s Products and Services

The eCivis solution consists of three core cloud-based products  including eCivis Grants  Network©,a full lifecycle SaaS grants management solution consisting of grants acquisition  software, grantee management software, and grantor  management software, eCivis AllocateTM, a SaaS cost allocation solution, and FundMaxTM, a full-service solution designed to maximize federal and non-federal  funds, including maximizing cost reimbursements using a suite of innovative digital tools and expert support. eCivis also offers one-time implementation services including data integration, grants data migration and change management. Additionally, eCivis provides ongoing grants management training and cost allocation plan development and consulting.

eCivis Grants Network©; Grants Acquisition Software

eCivis Grants Network©; Grantee Acquisition Software provides clients with the ability to manage the entire planning and grant pursuance process by integrating each step from project creation to grant award, so that stakeholders can eliminate unnecessary steps and systems required to secure the right funding for their projects. Users can to determine grant award eligibility and financial requirements, create and track projects requiring funding, track goals and objectives for funding, and assign various metrics to review and track organizational performance. The platform provides clients with the ability to search over 16,000 federal, state and foundation grants, all identified, analyzed and summarized by eCivis’s full-time professional research staff. Such grants can be searched with an easy to use advanced multi-factor search engine and reviewed via organized standard tabs to effectively identify the most relevant grants. Users can review application files and e-mail grants to internal and external recipients, as well as save and/or assign grants to internal projects. Built-in compliance tools help determine and confirm whether internal proposals and costs align with applicable federal and non-federal guidelines.

eCivis Grants Network©; Grantee Management Software

eCivis Grants Network©; Grantee Management Software Solution allows users to manage the entire grant process, from sourcing grant application to closeout as a grantee. Some of the key features of the Grants Management Software Solution include the ability to: organize projects and grants by organizational departments, review an enterprise-wide view of all grant activities, and access advanced workflows and robust management reporting systems. Users can build and save template reports for internal and external reporting, setup required tasks at various post-award stages, integrate project tasks with e-mail calendars, manage the communication and approval of budget amendments, and access a myriad of other features and functions. Users are also able to organize and connect financial data to and from enterprise resource planning (“ERP”)/GL against grant budgets using data integration functions — over thirty data integrations with government ERP/GL are provided to serve this function. Additionally, eCivis also maps compliance requirements into standard available actions across the entire grant lifecycle, and provides a library of resource that can be accessed at any time to understand 2 CFR 200 guidelines.

eCivis Grants Network©; Grantor Management Software

eCivis Grants Network©; Grantor Management Software provides grantors and its applicants and grantees with the opportunity to interact with each other in a modern and scaleable platform. Today’s grant portals are not built to make the experience great for the grantor and the grantee. A grantor solution will track performance history, organize reimbursement

requests, streamline communication, manage reporting requirements to support payments to deliver transparency of all grantee activities across all of your departments and agencies. Some of the key features of this platform include the ability to create and track grant solicitation, score and record decisions on applicants, check eligibility data, track application history, track and share performance metrics for grant goals and/or objectives, allocate and track multiple funding sources, track all pre-award grant activity by department, project, CFDA, etc., as well as a wide range of other features.

eCivis AllocateTM; Cost Allocation Software

eCivis AllocateTM tracks and compares expenditures and allocation basis by fiscal years, and provides a concise methodology for budgeting and program delivery planning. The platform allows users to: maximize efficiency by minimizing time spent entering and reviewing data and producing cost and plans reports, maximize grant and program funding through full and complete cost recovery and allocation, provide a clear and concise methodology to assist in developing budgets and planning program delivery, and determine full, defensible, indirect costs to include in ICRPs, hour rates, user fees, and SB90 claims.

eCivis FundMaxTM; Cost Allocation Software

eCivis FundMaxTM is a full-service solution designed to maximize federal and non-federal funds, including maximizing cost reimbursements using a suite of innovative digital tools and expert support.  The reimbursements from FundMaxTM can generate the required funding to properly implement and utilize eCivis solutions.

Consulting and Training

eCivis’s team of experienced consultants and support staff provide training to improve planning, acquisition and effective management of federal and non-federal grants. Further, eCivis’s strategic grant development  and grant writing service helps stakeholders develop a comprehensive solution leading to sustainable  grant success by helping clients, among other things: (i) thoroughly understand key initiatives and internal projects eligible for grant funding, (ii) research grants that align to internal initiatives and organizational priorities to fill existing gaps, (iii) access organizational capacity to apply for grants successfully, (iv) align internal procurement processes and resources to pursue grant opportunities in a more efficient and effective way, and (v) draft grant proposals  and provide strategic advice and consulting services to shape priorities per grant funding notices. Finally, the platform also offers a wide array of expert guides and other resources to its users.

Revenues, Sales and Marketing

eCivis derives its revenues primarily from subscription services and professional services. No single contract or customer represents a disproportionate percentage of revenue. eCivis’s subscription services revenue primarily consists of fees that provide customers access to either its grant management or cost allocation cloud applications. Such subscriptions are typically one to three years in length, and are priced based on a number of factors, including the number of users having access to the products and the number of products purchased by the customer. eCivis’s professional services revenues primarily consist of fees for data integration with the customer’s systems and the eCivis grant management application, migration of grants, training, and grant writing services.

eCivis focuses its sales and marketing efforts towards local, state and tribal governments and sells its solution to this market primarily through its direct sales force. The length of its sales cycle depends on the size of the potential customer and contract, as well as the type of solution or product being purchased.  The sales cycle of its state government customer is generally longer than that of its local government customers. As eCivis continues to focus on increasing its average contract size and selling more advanced products, it expects its sales cycle to lengthen and become less predictable, which could cause variability in results for a particular period. Additionally, the nature, complexity and extent of its implementations will also increase, which may increase eCivis’s professional services revenues as a percentage of its overall revenues.

Research and Development

eCivis has spent approximately $1.5 million and $1.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, on research and development activities.

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, eCivis had 60 full-time employees. eCivis also employs independent contractors to support grant services, web development, research publishing and editing, fit-gap analysis, change management, implementation services and marketing.  eCivis’s employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement and eCivis has never experienced a work stoppage. eCivis believes that its relations with its employees are good.

Facilities

eCivis’s headquarters are located in a multi-tenant office building at 418 N. Fair Oaks Ave., Ste. 301, Pasadena, CA 91103, where eCivis leases approximately 10,030 rentable square feet. eCivis’s lease for such space expires on May 31, 2022. On June 1, 2017, eCivis subleased 2,500 rentable square feet to a subtenant, which sublease expires on May 31, 2022.  eCivis does not own any facilities as of the date of this filing. eCivis believes that substantially all of its property and equipment is in good condition and its buildings and improvements have sufficient capacity to meet current needs.

Intellectual Property

eCivis does not own any patents.  eCivis owns the registered trademarks: “ECIVIS”, “GRANTS NETWORK”, “NONPROFIT ONE-STOP” and “COSTTREE”.

Government Regulation

There are no current government regulations that negatively impact eCivis’s business or ability to compete in its markets.

Legal Proceedings

There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against eCivis or any members of its management team in their capacity as such.

Open Counter Business Overview

Open Counter builds software to streamline municipal permitting and licensing through four products: the Business Portal, Residential Portal, Special Events Portal, and Zoning Portal.  These products help applicants understand the scope of their permitting projects, and apply and pay for the necessary permits online. The portals also allow city administrators to process incoming applications and respond to applicant inquiries online. By automating these processes, the software reduces the need for in-person meetings, and allows city staff to focus on higher-value assignments.

Open Counter’s Products and Services

Open Counter offers four products:  Business Portal,  Residential Portal,  Special Events Portal, and Zoning Portal.

As part of the deployment of these products, Open Counter also offers configuration services to set up and maintain the Portals on behalf of our municipal customers.

Competition

There are a number of companies that offer permitting and licensing software to municipal governments. These include Accela, Infor, and Tyler, among others. These companies built their software with an emphasis on the requirements of city staff users, with a lesser emphasis on the applicant experience.

By focusing on the applicant experience, Open Counter found a unique niche in the market: permit discovery. While the competition allows applicants to submit permit and license applications online, their software typically assumes that the applicant knows which permits and licenses are required, and the costs of those permits and licenses. In contrast, Open Counter’s software guides the applicant through the permit discovery process by calculating the impact of applicable zoning regulations on the choice of location and planned use, the permits required for the project, and the necessary permit fees. Open Counter’s software also alerts applicants about the professional licensure requirements for specific permits, such as whether a licensed contractor, electrician or plumber is needed on their project team. By automating these determinations, Open Counter has addressed an in-person step referred to as a “pre-application meeting,” which is a time-consuming step for both applicants and city staff.

Because Open Counter is offered as a SaaS solution, its annual pricing is significantly lower than the legacy systems, which have traditionally offered on-premises software under perpetual license agreements.

Some of Open Counter’s competition provide permit discovery products that explain the permitting process in general terms. While helpful, these materials do not provide information tailored to specific projects. For example, a restaurant with outdoor seating, live entertainment, and alcohol service may require a different set of permits (with higher costs), than one without those options.  Many cities offer PDF documents with this kind of information. For example, San Francisco and Los Angeles offer detailed “Business Portals,” but they are still based on static content.

By focusing on permit discovery, Open Counter has remained agnostic to the back-end systems used by cities. This means that we can launch Open Counter products in cities using Accela, Infor, or Tyler, and other competitors, without coming into direct competition with offerings from those companies.

Research and Development

Open Counter spent approximately $400,000 during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 on research and development activities. None of such costs are borne by customers.

Organization

As of December 31, 2019, Open Counter had 18 full-time employees. None of Open Counter’s employees are represented by a labor union with respect to their employment with Open Counter.  Open Counter believes that its relations with its employees are good.

Facilities

Open Counter’s headquarters is located at 25 Taylor Street, San Francisco, California.  Open Counter is not party to any lease agreements. Open Counter uses office space through an agreement with WeWork at the WeWork Golden Gate location, 25 Taylor Street, San Francisco, California. Open Counter employees work remotely out of their homes or at co-working facilities. Open Counter does not own any facilities as of the date of this filing.

Intellectual Property

Open Counter owns a trademark on the Open Counter name. The company does not hold any patents.

Government Regulation

There are no current government regulations that negatively impact Open Counter’s business or Open Counter’s ability to compete in the markets it pursues.

Legal Proceedings

There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against Open Counter or any members of its management team in their capacity as such.

Questica Business Overview

Questica offers budgeting software, performance management, and transparency and data visualization solutions throughout North America. Questica was founded by TJ Parass in Ontario, Canada in 1998. Questica uses its 20 years of experience to provide public sector organizations with access to a complete budgeting, performance, transparency and citizen engagement toolkit to better enable data-driven budgeting and decision-making, while increasing data accuracy, saving time and improving stakeholder trust. Questica’s solutions are sold to 719 customers as of December 31, 2019, which include state and local governments and public sector organizations such as healthcare, education and not-for-profit organizations.

Questica’s Products and Services

Questica has four primary products: (i) Budget; (ii) Performance; (iii) OpenBook; and (iv) BudgetBook powered by CaseWare.

Budget

Questica’s Budget is a web-based, multi-user budgeting preparation and management solution that provides all budgeting software requirements in one easy-to-access place. Budget is a comprehensive, streamlined budgeting software product that enables users to improve and shorten an organization’s budgeting cycle by ensuring an accurate and collaborative multi-user budgeting process. It provides multi-year capital budgeting, identifies expenditures and funding sources, provides salary and position planning and performance management modules, allows the generation of new financial statements, enables advanced analytics and provides an integrated dashboard that shows all critical data and other relevant information together in an interactive interface. Budget directly and seamlessly integrates with Questica’s other products, which are described below, as well as the Balancing Act budget simulator created by Engaged Public, a Colorado-based public policy consulting firm which has partnered with Questica since August 2018.

Performance

Questica’s Performance is a management performance measurement tool which permits users to obtain a complete view of performance across an organization. Performance, which can integrate with Budget, leverages financial and statistical data from an unlimited number of budget and non-budget key performance indicators to effectively measure performance by tracking an organization’s progress and achieving set goals. Performance can incorporate data from a variety of other sources such as ERP systems.

OpenBook

Questica’s OpenBook is a data visualization software that enables the presentation of financial and non-financial data with descriptive text, informational pop-ups, charts and graphs and includes fast information search functionality. OpenBook, which can integrate with Budget, can display on a map capital infrastructure projects, including the budget, actual spend, funding sources and accompanying documentation, images, video and other multimedia.  By facilitating the sharing and communication of financials and other data, OpenBook is used by organizations to communicate strategic plans, fundraising and community initiatives, disclose to citizens how tax dollars are spent, and engage with stakeholders

regarding plans, projects and issues. Organizations can also link related activities to showcase the depth and scope of capital projects that are happening in a city, region, state, province or country.

Budget Book powered by CaseWare

Questica’s Budget Book powered by CaseWare is a user-friendly and comprehensive document management and financial reporting tool that allows government agencies to create, collaborate, edit, approve and publish annual budget books. Budget Book integrates with Budget and provides access to Questica’s partnership with CaseWare, a government financial reporting database product.  The budget book standards for the Government Financial Officers Association’s annual Distinguished Budget Presentation Award were used to develop the standard budget book preparation model for Budget Book’s interface, permitting small and mid-sized agencies to prepare professional and compliant budget books that might be otherwise too time and resource intensive to produce.

Competition

The competitive landscape for budgeting software, performance management, and transparency and data visualization solutions varies depending on the type of solution, the size of the organizations to be served and the geographical locations in which such organizations operate, but in most cases the solutions with which Questica competes are ERP solutions, Microsoft’s Excel and home-grown solutions designed by the organizations themselves.

Questica believes the principal competitive factors in its markets include:

Questica believes that it competes favorably based on these factors.

While there are a number of competitors seeking to provide such solutions, the primary competitors include Oracle’s Hyperion Planning, Sherpa, ClearGov, Public Sector Digest Software, MyBudgetFile, Allovue Balance, Adaptive Insights, Kaufman Hall, OpenGov and Centage’s Budget Maestro, which each compete to differing degrees across the spectrum of organizations, geographical locations and vertical markets in which Questica operates. Questica has emerged as a market leader or strong market participant for each type of solution that it provides among these primary competitors.

Questica has focused its competition on establishing relationships with potential customers as early in the process as possible through cold calling, email campaigns, trade show attendance and sponsorships, web marketing, partner referrals and Questica-sponsored regional events. Questica leverages existing customer references and its broad knowledge and understanding of the public sector and the unique budgeting challenges these customers face to compete with its primary competitors. Questica additionally differentiates itself by solely focusing its product development on the public sector and does not sell or market its products into any other types of customers.

Questica has a sales organization that sells its products, sometimes working with referral partners who sell complimentary solutions. In addition, Questica utilizes distribution relationships with partners who sell, implement and

provides basic support services to customers and has a number of referral arrangements with partners who introduce Questica’s products to their customers and receive a referral fee for Questica contracts.

Questica has 719 customers using its solutions and is not dependent on any one customer with no customers representing more than 10% of total revenues during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Research and Development

Questica regularly introduces new product offerings, including BudgetBook powered by CaseWare, which was introduced in late 2017. Questica spent approximately $2.0 million and $1.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, on research and development activities. Very little of such costs are borne by customers. Questica has a small group of developers who work with its professional services and implementation team. The cost of these development resources is not included in the annual research and development spend, and this team builds customizations and integrations funded by customers as billable jobs and deliverables.

Organization

As of December 31, 2019, Questica had 112 full-time employees. None of Questica’s employees are represented by a labor union with respect to their employment with Questica. Questica believes that its relations with its employees are good.

Facilities

Questica leases four facilities for key administrative, operational and technology functions. Questica’s headquarters are located in a multi-tenant office building in Burlington, Ontario, Canada at 980 Fraser Drive, Unit 105, where Questica leases 7,000 square feet. Questica’s lease for the space in Burlington commenced on June 1, 2015 and expires on March 31, 2020. Starting on March 1, 2017, Questica also leased 3,410 square feet in a second property in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, which lease ends on March 31, 2020. Starting on June 20, 2017, Questica leased 2,085 square feet in Huntington Beach, California, which lease ends on March 31, 2023. In August 2019, Questica entered into a leasing agreement located at 603 Michigan Drive, Oakville, Ontario.  The lease commenced on January 1, 2020 and expires on December 31, 2031. The total square feet under lease is 22,170. Questica does not own any facilities as of the date of this filing. Questica believes that substantially all of its property and equipment is in good condition and its buildings and improvements have sufficient capacity to meet current needs.

Intellectual Property

Questica does not hold any patents but has registered trademarks for “QUESTICA” and “TEAMBUDGET” in the U.S. and Canada and has applied for trademarks for “OPENBOOK” and “WHERE BRILLIANT BEGINS” in the U.S. and Canada.

Government Regulation

There are no current government regulations that negatively impact Questica’s business or Questica’s ability to compete in the markets it pursues. However, there are regulations related to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) that are relevant to Questica’s customers that could in the future necessitate changes to Questica’s products in order to be compliant, and if not addressed, could negatively impact Questica’s ability to compete for new business.

Legal Proceedings

There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against Questica or any members of its management team in their capacity as such.

Sherpa Business Overview

Sherpa is a leading provider of public sector budgeting software and consulting services that help state and local governments create and manage budgets and performance. Clients purchase Sherpa software as a subscription or perpetual

license and engage Sherpa consulting services to configure the software and train clients on how to manage the software going forward.  Following the implementation, clients continue to use the software in perpetuity while paying maintenance or subscription fees.

Sherpa’s clients benefit from a system that greatly simplifies the budgeting process, encourages collaboration and provides detailed projections on substantial portions of their budgets. Increased access to data, including instant aggregation of the budget requests, means clients can spend more time analyzing data and less time collecting it and formatting outputs. Sherpa’s business consulting provides access to lessons learned from over 100 public sector budgeting implementations and consultants who average 20 years of experience in budgeting and performance management.

Sherpa’s contracts are comprised of two durations: (i) short-term implementation of three to twelve months; and (ii) on-going maintenance of one to five year renewable periods. Due to the investment made in implementing software and the quality of the solution, retention rates are very high.

Industry Background

Public sector budgeting has been traditionally performed by either disparate spreadsheet that are compiled by a central office or home-grown systems. Due to the sheer amount of data and publication requirements needed by public sector organizations, using this traditional process can be very challenging. Most budget processes experience a significant amount of data re-entry and re-stating, manual compilation and extensive data verification and often rely on the mostly manual preparation of required publications. While products that meet some budgeting software requirements exist in the market, many are overly complicated to implement or priced at a point that exceeds the reservation points of most government organizations. Sherpa’s product is flexible enough to meet complex requirements while also scalable to lower budget clients.

Sherpa’s Products and Services

Sherpa provides public sector budgeting software to meet the needs of key stakeholders, executive and legislative branches, budget offices and department users. The key elements of Sherpa’s offerings are: (i) a highly configurable software; (ii) an experienced consulting team; and (iii) a long-term support model.

Highly Configurable Software

Sherpa’s software was designed to be configured by functional staff with no changes to the underlying code. Implementation teams are comprised of functional experts, not technical experts, who are able to understand business requirements and demonstrate configured software immediately after requirements meetings. This means clients see their future solution throughout the process and can make refinements without having to wait for an entire build phase to complete.

Consulting

Each of the members of Sherpa’s consulting team have an average of over 20 years of targeted public sector budgeting experience and together have implemented over 100 public sector budgeting projects. This experience is invaluable to clients for several reasons. Clients can quickly explain their processes and Sherpa’s team will understand without multiple iterations, meaning clients dedicate a significantly lower amount of their time to engagements. When clients seek advice, Sherpa can refer them to dozens of relevant examples where other similar clients have faced similar challenges. Sherpa has many innovative clients whose collective thought leadership is channeled through Sherpa’s implementation team. Sherpa’s team has seen what has worked and what has not, so Sherpa can offer counsel on business processes redesign including recommended timing relative to the software project.

Support

Sherpa’s support model is designed to enable clients to use Sherpa’s software for the long term, traversing changes in leadership, policy, and staff. As part of Sherpa’s basic maintenance model, clients can reach out to their consulting team at any time to get assistance, answers to questions or support with activities that are rarely done, such as annual rollovers. This results in clients getting answers to questions immediately, without the struggles of reporting issues through a chain of support staff who are not familiar with the client processes and configuration.

Revenues

Sherpa currently earn revenues from three main sources: (i) consulting services for implementations and business process design; (ii) software fees; and (iii) maintenance fees. Consulting services are comprised of one-time implementation fees and system administrator services, where Sherpa serves as the customer’s system administrator, typically to provide coverage for turnover. Software fees are made up of both perpetual license fees and subscription fees. Maintenance fees are annual fees paid by perpetual license customers to have access to customer support and software upgrades.  Hosting services are also provided but are mostly pass-through to Sherpa’s hosting providers. Sherpa generally relies on approximately 21 customers for each of its three main revenue sources in a given fiscal year, which are mostly comprised of state and local governments.

Sales and Marketing

Sherpa’s primary method of securing sales to date is through responses to requests for proposals.  In addition, Sherpa’s target audience actively communicates with similar public sector organizations, which leads to word-of-mouth sales. To grow sales beyond responses to requests for proposals and word-of-mouth referrals, Sherpa employs the following sales and marketing strategies:

Revenue Growth

Sherpa’s primary focus for revenue growth is to ensure Sherpa’s current customer base maintains a high degree of customer satisfaction.  Sherpa believes that high retention of recurring revenue is critical to create the foundation for revenue growth. Sherpa also believes that high customer satisfaction provides secondary benefits, including strong references and willingness to promote the product and team.

Growing Existing Markets

Sherpa’s goals for growth focus on verticals with which Sherpa has had the most success: cities, counties and states. Sherpa’s targeted market of large, complex clients has a total available market of 450 counties, 300 cities, 49 states and 600 state agencies as of December 31, 2019. There are 280 K-12 opportunities, which Sherpa pursues selectively due to their unique requirements.

New Markets

There are additional verticals where Sherpa’s product applies, such as K-12, universities, and non-profits which may be considered for long-term growth.

Technology and Operations

Sherpa’s technology leverages Microsoft’s widely-used SQL Server, which is a relational database management system, and .NET software framework.  The power of Sherpa’s application is derived from Sherpa’s investment in on-screen configuration, all of which is stored in the database, meaning code updates do not have client-specific features. Since each client has unique requirements which must be met due to statutory requirements or policy, Sherpa’s solution was built to be flexible enough to meet these requirements without code changes or client customizations. With Sherpa’s experience with multiple other budgeting systems, Sherpa’s product was built from the ground up with the specific focus on how to create outputs in an efficient manner.  This means regardless of reporting solution, reports are fast and easy to create due to the strong design.

Sherpa’s technology infrastructure for hosted clients is provided by Amazon Web Services and is maintained by Sherpa’s partner at Smart Panda Labs. We have east coast and west coast hosting sites. Approximately half of Sherpa’s customer base is serviced on-premise. Budgeting is not mission critical, but Sherpa’s objective is to provide uninterrupted

service 24 hours per day and seven days a week, and Sherpa’s operations maintain extensive backup, security and disaster recovery procedures including recovery in 8 minute intervals.

Sherpa’s solutions are scalable and can be set up quickly for new clients. The average time to stand up a new environment is less than one day. Due to low incidences of system issues, most clients take upgrades only once per year, allowing them to complete their budget cycle uninterrupted.

Competition

Nearly every competitive request for proposals in the budget space will have ten or more bidders. Historically, very few are truly competitive across all scoring areas. Sherpa believes that the principal factors upon which its businesses compete are:

Sherpa believes Sherpa competes favorably with respect to all of the above-listed factors. Sherpa’s main competitors are much larger than Sherpa and have an advantage in name recognition.  However, Sherpa believes that in public sector budgeting most decision makers are focused on procuring the best possible product and rarely factor in company size once they are satisfied with the long-term prospects of the offering.

All of Sherpa’s prospective clients have preexisting financial and human resources solutions, meaning that Sherpa also faces competition with legacy product offerings. Companies such as SAP and Oracle have a substantial market share of financial and human resources software, which means they can up-sell their products, often without formal procurements. Sherpa has found, however, that most clients are not satisfied with enterprise resource planning budget products and are moving to best-in-breed for products such as budgeting, grants and procurement.

Sherpa’s primary competitors in the market vary by client size:

Research and Development

Research and development is performed as part of Sherpa’s efforts to constantly improve our product. Our Research and Development expenditures were approximately $300,000 during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, Sherpa had 11 employees. Sherpa also employs independent contractors to support Sherpa’s hosting environments. Sherpa’s employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement and Sherpa has never experienced a work stoppage. Sherpa believes that its relations with its employees are good.

Facilities

Sherpa does not own or lease any facilities as of the date of this filing. Sherpa employees work remotely out of their homes or at co-working facilities.

Government Regulation

There are no current government regulations that negatively impact Sherpa’s business or ability to compete in its markets. However, there are regulations related to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) that are relevant to Sherpa’s customers that could in the future necessitate changes to Sherpa’s products in order to be compliant, and if not addressed, could negatively impact Sherpa’s ability to compete for new business.

Legal Proceedings

There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against Sherpa or any members of its management team in their capacity as such.

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are also available to the public on the internet at a website maintained by the SEC located at http://www.sec.gov.

Our website address is www.gtytechnology.com. Through our website, we make available, free of charge, the following documents as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K; our proxy statements for our annual and special shareholder meetings; our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; our Current Reports on Form 8-K; Forms 3, 4 and 5 and Schedules 13D; and amendments to those documents.  The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industries

The ongoing integration of the business, management and operations of Bonfire, CityBase, eCivis, Open Counter, Questica and Sherpa may prove difficult, disrupt our business and operations, divert management attention and adversely affect the business and financial results of our consolidated company.

We completed the business combination in February 2019, which we believe will result in certain benefits and synergies, including our goal of establishing an efficiently integrated public sector SaaS company through our six operating subsidiaries which, together, we believe can offer solutions to North American state and local governments that may not otherwise be achievable by any one individual business on its own. However, our ability to realize these anticipated benefits depends on the successful integration of the six businesses. The consolidated company may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the business combination for a variety of reasons, including the following:

The ongoing integration may result in additional and unforeseen expenses or delays, distract management from other revenue or acquisition opportunities, and increase the consolidated business’s expenses and working capital requirements, particularly in the short-term. If we are unable to successfully complete the integration of our businesses and operations in a timely manner, the anticipated benefits of the business combination may not be fully realized, or at all, or may take longer to realize than anticipated. Should any of the foregoing or other currently unanticipated risks arise, our business and results of operations may be materially adversely impacted.

Our goodwill and other long-lived assets are subject to potential impairment that could negatively impact our earnings.

A significant portion of our assets consists of goodwill and other long-lived assets, the carrying value of which may be reduced if we determine that those assets are impaired. As of December 31, 2019, we had $402.4 million of goodwill and net intangible assets, comprising approximately 93% of our total assets. If actual results differ from the assumptions and estimates used in our goodwill and long-lived asset valuation calculations, we could incur impairment charges, which could negatively impact our earnings.

During the 2019 Successor Period, we recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $32.2 million related to the Acquisition. The fair value of the goodwill related to the Acquisition continues to be sensitive to changes in projections for revenue growth rates and earnings. There are numerous risks that may cause the fair value to fall below its carrying amount and/or the value of long-lived assets to not be recoverable, which could lead to the measurement and recognition of goodwill and/or long-lived asset impairment. These risks include, but are not limited to, significant negative variances between actual and expected financial results, lowered expectations of future financial results, failure to realize anticipated synergies from acquisitions, adverse changes in the business climate, and the loss of key personnel. If we are not able to achieve projected performance levels, future impairments could be possible, which could negatively impact our earnings.

Certain liabilities resulting from acquisitions are estimated and could lead to a material impact on earnings.

Through our acquisition activities, we record liabilities for future contingent earnout payments that are settled in cash or through the issuance of common stock. The fair value of these liabilities is assessed on a quarterly basis and changes in assumptions used to determine the amount of the liability or a change in the fair value of our common stock could lead to an adjustment that may have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on our results of operations. For additional information regarding our contingent earnout liabilities, please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations” and Note 3 of our Financial Statements.

Without obtaining adequate capital funding or improving our financial performance, we may not be able to continue as a going concern.

As described in their audit report, our independent registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph that states we have incurred ongoing losses and that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We are attempting to further expand our customer base; scale up our production of various products and increase revenues; however, our cash position may not be sufficient to support our daily operations through the next twelve months from the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional funds by way of a public or private offering and our ability to further generate sufficient revenues. While we believe in the viability of our platform and in our ability to raise additional funds by way of a public or private offering, debt financing or strategic alternative, there can be no assurances to that effect. If we cannot continue as a viable entity, our stockholders may lose some or all of their investment in us.

Our failure to generate sufficient cash flow from our business to make payments on our debt would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

On February 14, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured term loan credit facility that provides for borrowing of term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $12.0 million.  The credit facility has a maturity date of twelve months from the borrowing date of the term loans.  On the closing date, the Company fully drew on the credit facility, net of deferred issuance costs of $0.4 million.  Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance the term loan credit facility and any additional debt obligations we may incur depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors that may be beyond our control. Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and to make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or if our results of operations cause us to fail to comply with our financial covenants, we may be required to take one or more actions, including refinancing our debt, significantly reducing expenses, renegotiating our debt covenants, restructuring our debt, selling assets or obtaining additional capital, each of which may be on terms that may be onerous, highly dilutive or disruptive to our business. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on commercially reasonable or acceptable terms, which could result in a default on our obligations, including under the term loan credit facility.

The JOBS Act permits “emerging growth companies” like us to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, which we refer to as the “JOBS Act.” As such, we take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, including (i) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) the exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements and (iii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they deem important. We had revenues during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 of approximately $36.4 million. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following November 1, 2021, the fifth anniversary of the GTY Cayman IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our prior second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as we are an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

We cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for securities and our stock price may be more volatile.

We are a smaller reporting company (and may remain a smaller reporting company even after losing emerging growth company status), and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced or scaled reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to smaller companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a smaller reporting company, and, for as long as we continue to be a smaller reporting company (which may be longer than we remain an emerging growth company), we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “smaller reporting companies,” including but not limited to:

Our restated articles of organization designate the Business Litigation Session of the Superior Court of Suffolk County, Massachusetts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders and the United States District Court in Boston as the sole and exclusive forum for any claim arising under the Securities Act, which could discourage lawsuits against us and our directors and officers.

Our restated articles of organization designate the Business Litigation Session of the Superior Court of Suffolk County, Massachusetts as the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any

action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our shareholders, any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act, our articles of organization or our bylaws or any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Our restated articles of organization designate the United States District Court in Boston as the sole and exclusive forum for any claim arising under the Securities Act or any claim for which other courts do not have subject matter jurisdiction including, without limitation, any claim arising under the Exchange Act. This exclusive forum provision may limit the ability of our shareholders to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such shareholders find favorable for disputes with us or our directors or officers, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors and officers. Alternatively, if the Business Litigation Session of the Superior Court of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, the United States District Court in Boston or a court outside of Massachusetts were to find this exclusive forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings described above, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other venues or jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows and prospects.

Software- & Technology-Related/Internet-Focused Risk Factors

Cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities can disrupt our business and harm our competitive position.

Threats to IT security can take a variety of forms. Individuals and groups of hackers, and sophisticated organizations including state-sponsored organizations, may take steps that pose threats to our clients’ IT. They may develop and deploy malicious software to attack our products and services and gain access to our networks and data centers, or act in a coordinated manner to launch distributed denial of service or other coordinated attacks. Cyber threats are constantly evolving, thereby increasing the difficulty of detecting and successfully defending against them. Cyber threats can have cascading impacts that unfold with increasing speed across our internal networks and systems and those of our partners and clients. Breaches of our network or data security could disrupt the security of our internal systems and business applications, impair our ability to provide services to our clients and protect the privacy of our data, result in product development delays, compromise confidential or technical business information harming our competitive position, result in theft or misuse of our intellectual property or other assets, require us to allocate more resources to improve technologies, or otherwise adversely affect our business. Our business policies and internal security controls may not keep pace with these evolving threats.

Disclosure of personally identifiable information and/or other sensitive client data could result in liability and harm our reputation.

We store and process increasingly large amounts of personally identifiable and other confidential information of our clients. The continued occurrence of high-profile data breaches provides evidence of an external environment increasingly hostile to information security. Despite our efforts to improve security controls, it is possible that our security controls over personal data, our training of employees on data security, and other practices that we follow may not prevent the improper disclosure of client data that we store and manage. Disclosure of personally identifiable information and/or other sensitive client data could result in material liability and harm our reputation.

Data privacy is an evolving area of the law and our business may become subject to new and expanding regulations. Application of these new and changing laws to our business may increase risks and compliance costs.

Hosting services for some of our products and services are dependent upon the uninterrupted operation of data centers.

A material portion of our business is provided through software hosting services. These hosting services depend on the uninterrupted operation of data centers and the ability to protect computer equipment and information stored in these data centers against damage that may be caused by natural disaster, fire, power loss, telecommunications or Internet failure, acts of terrorism, unauthorized intrusion, computer viruses, and other similar damaging events. If any of our data centers were to become inoperable for an extended period, we might be unable to fulfill our contractual commitments. Although we take what we believe to be reasonable precautions against such occurrences, we can give no assurance that damaging

events such as these will not result in a prolonged interruption of our services, which could result in client dissatisfaction, loss of revenue, and damage to our business.

We run the risk of errors or defects with new products or enhancements to existing products.

Our software products and services are complex and may contain errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. We cannot assure you that material defects and errors will not be found in the future. Any such defects could result in a loss of revenues, negative publicity or delay market acceptance. Our license and subscription agreements typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential liability. However, it is possible we may not always successfully negotiate such provisions in our client contracts or the limitation of liability provisions may not be effective due to existing or future federal, state, or local laws, ordinances, or judicial decisions. We cannot assure you that a successful claim could not be made or would not have a material adverse effect on our future operating results.

We must timely respond to technological changes to be competitive.

The market for our products is characterized by technological change, evolving industry standards in software technology, changes in client requirements, and frequent new product and service introductions and enhancements. The introduction of products and services embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards can render existing products obsolete and unmarketable. As a result, our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to enhance existing products and develop and introduce new products and services that keep pace with technological developments, satisfy increasingly sophisticated client requirements, and achieve market acceptance. We cannot assure you that we will successfully identify new product and service opportunities and develop and bring new products and services to market in a timely and cost-effective manner. The products, capabilities, or technologies developed by others could also render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. Our business may be adversely affected if they are unable to develop or acquire new software products or services or develop enhancements to existing products on a timely and cost-effective basis, or if such new products or services or enhancements do not achieve market acceptance.

We may be unable to protect our proprietary rights.

Many of our product and service offerings incorporate proprietary information, trade secrets, know-how, and other intellectual property rights. We rely on a combination of contracts, copyrights, and trade secret laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology. We cannot be certain that we have taken all appropriate steps to deter misappropriation of our intellectual property. There has also been significant litigation recently involving intellectual property rights. We may be a party to such litigation in the future to protect our proprietary information, trade secrets, know-how, and other intellectual property rights. We cannot assure you that third-parties will not assert infringement or misappropriation claims against one or more of the products or services with respect to current or future products or services. Any claims or litigation, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, costly, and a diversion to management. Any such claims and litigation could also cause product delivery delays, service interruptions or require us to enter into royalty or licensing arrangements. Such royalty or licensing arrangements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Therefore, litigation to defend and enforce our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, regardless of the final outcome of such litigation.

Clients may elect to terminate our maintenance contracts and manage operations internally.

It is possible that our clients may elect to not renew maintenance contracts for our software, trying instead to maintain and operate the software themselves using their perpetual license rights (excluding software applications provided on a hosted or cloud basis). This could adversely affect our revenues and profits. Additionally, they may inadvertently allow our intellectual property or other information to fall into the hands of third-parties, including our competitors, which could adversely affect our business.

Material portions of our business require the Internet infrastructure to be further developed or adequately maintained.

Part of our future success depends on the use of the Internet as a means to access public information and perform transactions electronically. This in part requires the further development and maintenance of the Internet infrastructure. Among other things, this further development and maintenance will require a reliable network backbone with the necessary speed, data capacity, security, and timely development of complementary products for providing reliable Internet access and services. If this infrastructure fails to be further developed or be adequately maintained, our business would be harmed because users may not be able to access our government portals.

Security breaches or unauthorized access to payment information, including credit/debit card data, and/or personal information that we, or our service providers, store, process, use or transmit for our business may harm our reputation, cause service disruptions and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

A significant challenge to electronic commerce is the secure transmission of payment information and/or personal information over information technology networks and systems which process, transmit and store electronic information, and manage or support a variety of business processes. The collection, maintenance, use, disclosure, and disposal of payment information and personal information by our business is regulated at state and federal levels, and cybersecurity legislation, executive orders and reporting requirements continue to evolve and become more complex. Because we either directly or indirectly through service providers (i) provide the electronic transmission of sensitive and personal information released from and filed with various government entities and (ii) perform online payment and electronic check processing services, we face the risk of a security breach, whether through system attacks, hacking events, acts of vandalism or theft, malware, viruses, human errors, catastrophes or other unforeseen events that could lead to significant disruptions or compromises of information technology networks and systems or the unauthorized release or use of payment information or personal information. Additionally, vulnerabilities in the security of our own internal systems or those of our service providers could compromise the confidentiality of, or result in unauthorized access to, personal information of our employees.

We rely on encryption and authentication technology purchased or licensed from third parties to provide the security and authentication tools to effectively secure transmission of confidential information, including user credit/debit card information and banking data. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography, threats that evolve ahead of tools designed to counter them, or other developments may result in the breach or compromise of technology used by them to protect transaction data. Data breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, such as so-called “social engineering,” where individuals are manipulated into divulging confidential or personal information.

Despite the various security measures that we have in place to protect payment and personal information from unauthorized disclosure and to comply with applicable laws and regulations, our information technology networks and systems and those of our third-party vendors and service providers cannot be made completely secure against security incidents. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems, and facilities remain vulnerable to security breaches or disruptions, because (i) the techniques used in such attempts are constantly evolving and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not to be detected and, in fact, may not be detected for an extended period and (ii) the security methodologies, protocols, systems and procedures used for protection are implemented by humans at each level, and human errors may occur. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, or if such measures are implemented, and even if appropriate training is conducted in support of such measures, human errors may still occur. It is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk. A party, whether internal or external, who is able to circumvent our security measures, or those of our service providers, could misappropriate information, including, but not limited to payment information and personal information, or cause interruptions or direct damage to our partners or our users.

Under payment card rules and our contracts with our credit card processors, if there is a breach of payment card information that we store, process, or transmit, we could be subject to fines. We could also be liable to partners for costs of investigation, notification, remediation and credit monitoring and for any damages to users under applicable laws or our partner contracts.

In addition, any noncompliance with privacy laws or a security breach involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized access, use or disclosure of payment information or personal information, or other significant disruption involving our information technology networks and systems, or those of our service providers (whether or not caused by a breach of our contractual obligations or our negligence), may lead to negative publicity, impair our ability to conduct our business, subject us to private litigation and government investigations and enforcement actions and cause us to incur potentially significant liability, damages or remediation costs. It may also cause the governments with whom we contract to lose confidence in us, any of which may cause the termination or modification of our government contracts and impair our ability to win future contracts. Actual or anticipated attacks and risks affecting us, our service providers’ or our government partners’ environment may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, to train employees, and to engage third-party security experts and consultants. Our insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover or protect against the costs, liabilities, and other adverse effects arising from a security breach or system disruption. If we fail to reasonably maintain the security of confidential information, we may also suffer significant reputational and financial losses and our results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and liquidity may be adversely affected.

We may be unable to integrate new technologies and industry standards effectively, which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our future success will depend on our ability to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality, and features of our services in accordance with industry standards and to address the increasingly sophisticated technological needs of our customers on a cost-effective and timely basis. Our ability to remain competitive will depend, in part, on our ability to:

We cannot ensure that we will be successful in responding to the above technological and industry challenges in a timely and cost-effective manner. If we are unable to integrate new technologies and industry standards effectively, our business could be harmed.

Public Sector-Related Risk Factors

Selling products and services into the public sector poses unique challenges.

We derive substantially all of our revenues from sales of software and services to state, county, and city governments, utilities, tribal governments, other municipal agencies, and other public entities. We expect that sales to public sector clients will continue to account for substantially all of our revenues in the future. We face many risks and challenges associated with contracting with governmental entities, including:

Each of these risks is outside our control. If we fail to adequately adapt to these risks and uncertainties, our financial performance could be adversely affected.

A prolonged economic slowdown could harm our operations.

A prolonged economic slowdown or recession could reduce demand for our software products and services. Local and state governments may face financial pressures that could in turn affect our growth rate and profitability in the future. There is no assurance that local and state spending levels will be unaffected by declining or stagnant general economic conditions, and if budget shortfalls occur, they may negatively impact local and state IT spending and could adversely affect our business.

The open bidding process creates uncertainty in predicting future contract awards.

Many governmental agencies purchase products and services through an open bidding process. Generally, a governmental entity will publish an established list of requirements requesting potential vendors to propose solutions for the established requirements. To respond successfully to these requests for proposals, we must accurately estimate their cost structure for servicing a proposed contract, the time required to establish operations for the proposed client, and the likely terms of any other third-party proposals submitted. We cannot guarantee that we will win any bids in the future through the request for proposal process, or that any winning bids will ultimately result in contracts on favorable terms. Our failure to secure contracts through the open bidding process, or to secure such contracts on favorable terms, may adversely affect our revenue and gross margins.

We face significant competition from other vendors and potential new entrants into our markets.

We face competition from a variety of software vendors that offer products and services similar to those offered by us, as well as from companies offering to develop custom software. We compete based on a number of factors, including

We believe the market is highly fragmented with a large number of competitors that vary in size, product platform, and product scope. Our competitors include consulting firms, publicly held companies that focus on selected segments of the public sector market, and a significant number of smaller, privately held companies. Certain competitors have greater technical, marketing, and financial resources than we do. We cannot assure you that such competitors will not develop products or offer services that are superior to our products or services or that achieve greater market acceptance.

We also compete with internal, centralized IT departments of governmental entities, which requires us to persuade the end-user to stop the internal service and outsource to us. In addition, our clients and prospective clients could elect to provide information management services internally through new or existing departments, which could reduce the market for our services.

We could face additional competition as other established and emerging companies enter the public sector software application market and new products and technologies are introduced. Increased competition could result in pricing pressure, fewer client orders, reduced gross margins, and loss of market share. Current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third-parties, thereby increasing the ability of their products to address the needs of our prospective clients. It is possible that new competitors or alliances may emerge and rapidly gain significant market share. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and the failure to do so would have a material adverse effect upon our business.

If we are unable to meet the unique challenges involved in contracting with governments and government agencies, our business may be harmed.

Our revenues are generated principally from contracts with state and local governments and government agencies, to provide digital government services on behalf of those government entities to complete transactions and distribute public information digitally. We face many risks uniquely associated with government contracting, including:

Our ability to grow revenues may be limited by the number of governments and government agencies that choose to provide digital government solutions such as those offered by us.

Our revenues are generated principally from contracts with state and local governments and government agencies to provide digital government solutions on behalf of those government entities to complete transactions and distribute public information digitally. The growth in our revenues largely will depend on government entities adopting solutions such as those offered by us. We cannot ensure that government entities will choose to provide digital government services or continue to provide digital government services at current levels, or that they will provide such services with private assistance or by adopting solutions such as those offered by us. The failure to secure contracts with certain government agencies could result in revenue levels insufficient to support our operations on a self-sustained, profitable basis.

We are subject to independent audits as requested by our government customers. Deficiencies in our performance under a government contract could result in contract termination, reputational damage, or financial penalties.

Each government entity with which we contract for outsourced portal services may have the authority to require an independent audit of our performance and financial management of contracted operations. The scope of audits could include inspections of income statements, balance sheets, fee structures, collections practices, service levels, security practices, and our compliance with contract provisions and applicable laws, regulations, and standards. The expansion of our operations into new markets and services may further expose us to requirements and potential liabilities under additional statutes and rules that have previously not been relevant to our business. We cannot ensure that a future audit will not find any material performance deficiencies that would result in an adjustment to our revenues and result in financial penalties. Moreover, any consequent negative publicity could harm our reputation among other governments with which we would like to contract. These factors could harm our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

Risks Relating to Public Companies, Generally

Fluctuations in quarterly revenue could adversely impact our operating results and stock price.

Our revenues and operating results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate substantially from quarter to quarter for a variety of reasons, including:

In each fiscal quarter, our expense levels, operating costs, and hiring plans are based to some extent on projections of future revenues and are relatively fixed. If our actual revenues fall below expectations, we could experience a reduction in operating results. Also, if actual revenues or earnings for any given quarter fall below expectations, it may lead to a decline in our stock price.

Increases in service revenue as a percentage of total revenues could decrease overall margins.

We realize lower margins on service revenues than on software subscription or license revenue. The majority of our contracts include both software and professional services. Therefore, an increase in the percentage of professional service revenue compared to license revenue could have a detrimental impact on our overall gross margins and could adversely affect operating results.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market price of our common stock may be volatile. Examples of factors that may significantly impact our stock price include:

In addition, the stock market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of technology company stocks and may in the future adversely affect the market price of our stock. Sometimes, securities class action litigation is filed following periods of volatility in the market price of a particular company’s securities. We cannot assure you that similar litigation will not occur in the future with respect to us. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect upon our financial performance.

Future sales of shares by existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares of common stock intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our common stock. A significant number of our shares became free of resale restrictions on February 19, 2020, which was the date one year from the business combination. The presence of these additional shares of common stock trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.

Exercise of warrants for common stock would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders.

As of December 31, 2019, we had warrants to purchase 27,093,334 shares of common stock outstanding. Each whole warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of common stock at $11.50 per share. While our warrants are currently substantially “underwater,” to the extent such warrants are exercised, additional shares of common stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the then-existing holders of common stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Our financial outlook may not be realized.

From time to time, in press releases and otherwise, we may publish forecasts or other forward-looking statements regarding our results, including estimated revenues or earnings. Any forecast of our future performance reflects various assumptions. These assumptions are subject to significant uncertainties, and as a matter of course, any number of them may prove to be incorrect. Further, the achievement of any forecast depends on numerous risks and other factors (including those described in this discussion), many of which are beyond our control. As a result, we cannot be certain that our performance will be consistent with any management forecasts or that the variation from such forecasts will not be material and adverse. Current and potential stockholders are cautioned not to base their entire analysis of our business and prospects upon isolated predictions, but instead are encouraged to utilize our entire publicly available mix of historical and forward-looking information, as well as other available information regarding us, our products and services, and the software industry when evaluating our prospective results of operations.

Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance, public disclosure and other regulatory requirements or industry standards may result in additional expenses.

Changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance, public disclosure and other regulatory requirements or industry standards, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, new SEC regulations and the Nasdaq Stock Market rules create uncertainty for public companies such as ours. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining adequate and appropriate standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards have resulted in, and certain regulations could continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. Further, because of increasing regulation, our board members and executive officers could face an increased risk of personal liability in connection with the performance of their duties. As a result, we may have difficulty attracting and retaining qualified board members and executive officers, which could harm our business. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities in the laws themselves or related to practice, our reputation may be harmed.

Our quarterly results of operations may be volatile and difficult to predict. If our quarterly results of operations, future growth, profitability or dividends fail to meet the expectations of public market analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock may decrease significantly.

Our future revenues and results of operations may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, and any of which may harm our business. These factors include:

Due to the factors noted above and the other factors described in these Risk Factors, our financial performance in a quarter may be lower than we anticipate and if we are unable to reduce spending in that quarter, our results of operations for that quarter may be harmed. One should not rely on quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations as an indication of future performance. It is possible that in some future periods our results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this occurs, the price of our common stock may decline. In addition, if we fail to meet expectations related to future growth, profitability, dividends or other market expectations, the price of our common stock may decline.

Each operating subsidiary’s management and independent registered public accounting firm have previously identified internal control deficiencies, which such management and independent registered public accounting firms believe constitute material weaknesses. If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, our ability to timely and accurately report our financial results could be adversely affected.

Each of our operating subsidiaries was previously a private company not subject to the rules of the SEC implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and, therefore, was not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. We are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require management to certify financial and other information in quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

Although our operating subsidiaries have not made assessments of the effectiveness of their internal control over financial reporting and did not engage their independent registered public accounting firms to conduct audits of their internal control over financial reporting, in connection with the audits of the their financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, each operating subsidiary’s management and independent registered public accounting firm identified one or more material weaknesses relating to such subsidiary’s internal control over financial reporting under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB. The PCAOB defines a material weakness as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. A significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for oversight of a company’s financial reporting.

The material weaknesses identified by the operating subsidiaries and their independent registered public accounting firms included: (i) deficiencies in Bonfire’s period end financial statement close process, (ii) each of CityBase’s, eCivis’s, Open Counter’s and Sherpa’s limited segregation of duties with regard to financial reporting activities such as payroll entry and processing due to the size of their respective accounting departments and (iii) deficiencies in Questica’s period end financial statement close process resulting from, among other things, the preparation of its financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K which have a different fiscal year end than its historical fiscal year end.

We believe that, as of December 31, 2019, we have remediated these material weaknesses and improved the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting by implementing additional controls related thereto.

The remediation efforts management took to address the previously identified material weaknesses include, but are not limited to, the following:

Implementation of specific policies and procedures with detailed instructions to the operating subsidiaries in order to adequately communicate the requirements around processes and controls;

Implementation of controls over manual journal entries and account reconciliations, including improving controls and procedures related to the timeliness and effectiveness of our review and approval procedures;

Expansion of our financial leadership team by adding employees and external consultants, each with the commensurate knowledge, experience, and training to properly support our financial reporting and accounting functions including overseeing that the first two items listed are timely and adequately implemented; and

Adoption of formal accounting policies related to non-routine complex transactions, such accounting for business combinations, revenue recognition, equity classification, deferred income taxes and derivative accounting.

There is no assurance that any measures we may take in the future will be sufficient to remediate the material weaknesses described above or to avoid potential future material weaknesses. If management fails to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements and meet our SEC reporting obligations, which could result in sanctions by Nasdaq or the SEC. This could result in a loss of investor confidence and could lead to a decline in our stock price.

The impact of the coronavirus outbreak, or similar global health concerns, could negatively impact our operations, supply chain and customer base.

Our operations for certain of our products or services could be negatively impacted by the regional or global outbreak of illnesses, including coronavirus (COVID-19).  Any quarantines, labor shortages or other disruptions to our operations, or those of our customers, may adversely impact our sales and operating results.  In addition, a significant outbreak of epidemic, pandemic or contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, including those in which we operate, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products and services.  We are unable to accurately predict the possible future effect on the Company if coronavirus or another disease expands globally.

Item 2. Properties

The information regarding the Company’s properties set forth in “Item 1. Business” above is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

The information regarding the Company’s Legal Proceedings set forth in “Item 1. Business” above is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Our common stock trades on Nasdaq under the symbol “GTYH.”

Holders

At March 13, 2020, there were 167 holders of record of our common stock and 5 holders of record of our warrants.

Dividends

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date and GTY did not pay cash dividends prior to the consummation of the business combination. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition. The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of our board of directors. In addition, our board of directors is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring stock dividends in the foreseeable future.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

As of December 31, 2019, there were (i) 1,536,879 shares of common stock available for issuance pursuant to future awards under the GTY Technology Holdings Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), (ii) 274,559 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options granted pursuant to the Incentive Plan at a weighted average exercise price of $2.14 per share and (iii) 3,278,324 restricted stock units granted pursuant to the Incentive Plan with a weighted average grant price of $6.55.

Performance Graph

The graph below compares the cumulative total return for GTY’s shares from February 20, 2019(the first day on which GTY’s shares began trading subsequent to the business combination) through December 31, 2019 with the comparable cumulative return of two indices: the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq 100 Technology Sector Index. The graph assumes $100 invested on February 20, 2019 in each of GTY’s shares and the two indices presented.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Offerings

Except as previously disclosed in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q during 2019, we did not sell any securities that were not registered under the Securities Act during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The company qualifies as a smaller reporting company and is not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

References to the “Company,” “our,” “us” or “we” refer to GTY Technology Holdings Inc. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations, estimates and assumptions concerning events and financial trends that may affect our future operating results or financial position. Actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

We are a public sector company that offers a cloud-based suite of solutions primarily for North American state and local governments. Our six wholly-owned subsidiaries are Bonfire Interactive Ltd. (“Bonfire”), CityBase, Inc. (“CityBase”), eCivis, Inc. (“eCivis”), Open Counter Enterprises Inc. (“Open Counter”), Questica Inc. (“Questica”), and Sherpa Government Solutions (“Sherpa”). Through our operating subsidiaries, we serve some of the fastest growing segments in the government technology sector, including procurement, payments, grants management, permitting, and budgeting.

We were formed on August 11, 2016 for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “business combination”). Until the business combination, we did not engage in any operations nor generate any revenues. We recognized an opportunity to replace costly legacy systems with scalable and efficient Software as a Service, or SaaS, products. Our search led to the acquisition (the “Acquisition”) of Bonfire, CityBase, eCivis, Open Counter, Questica, and Sherpa on February 19, 2019 (the “Closing Date”).

Our customers are primarily located in the United States and Canada, including counties, municipalities, special districts, law enforcement agencies and public-school districts. We plan to increase our customer base by leveraging our comprehensive product portfolio with our existing customer base, investing in direct sales to new customers, and utilizing partnerships with complementary products and services.

The Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under GAAP and resulted in a change in accounting basis as of the  date of the Acquisition. As a result, our consolidated financial statements for the period beginning on February 19, 2019 are presented on a different basis than that for the periods before February 19, 2019, and therefore are not comparable. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting, our consolidated financial statements and certain presentations are separated into two distinct periods to indicate the different ownership and accounting basis between the periods presented: (i) the period before the consummation of the Acquisition, which includes the period from January 1, 2019 to the Closing Date (“2019 Predecessor Period”) and the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Predecessor Period”), and (ii) the periods on and after the consummation of the acquisition, which includes the period including and after the Closing Date to December 31, 2019 (“2019 Successor Period”).

Expansion and Further Penetration of Our Customer Base.

We employ a strategy that focuses on acquiring new customers and growing our relationships with existing customers over time. We believe significant opportunity exists for us to acquire new customers as well as expand the use of our platforms by selling additional products and increasing the number of users within our current customers’ organizations.

Investment in Growth.

We plan to continue to invest in our business so that we can capitalize on our market opportunity. We intend to continue to grow our sales and marketing team to acquire new customers and to increase sales to existing customers. We intend to continue to grow our research and development team to extend the functionality and range of our applications. We also intend to invest in new and improved IT solutions to support our business. However, we expect our sales and marketing expenses and research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues to decrease over time as we grow our revenues and gain economies of scale by increasing our customer base and increase sales to our existing customer base. We believe that these investments will contribute to our long-term growth, although they may adversely affect our profitability in the near term.

Leveraging Partnerships.

We plan to continue to strengthen and expand our relationships with technology vendors, professional services firms, and resellers. These relationships enable us to increase the speed of deployment and offer a wider range of integrated services to our customers. We intend to support these existing relationships, seek additional relationships and further expand our channel of resellers to help us increase our presence in existing markets and to expand into new markets. Our business and results of operations will be significantly affected by our success in leveraging and expanding these relationships.

Market Adoption of Our Platforms.

A key focus of our sales and marketing efforts is creating market awareness about the benefits of our cloud-based SaaS platforms. The market for SaaS solutions is less mature than the market for on-premise software applications, and potential customers may be slow or unwilling to migrate from their legacy solutions. Our business and operating results will be significantly affected by the degree to and speed with which organizations adopt our solutions.

Key Components of our Results of Operations

Revenues

Subscription, support and maintenance. 

We provide software hosting services that provide customers with access to software related support and updates during the term of the arrangement. Revenues are recognized ratably over the contract term as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the subscription service. The first year of subscription fees are typically payable within 30 days after the execution of a contract, and thereafter upon renewal. We initially record subscription fees as contract liabilities and recognize revenues on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

Our contracts may include variable consideration in the form of usage fees, which are included in the transaction price in the period in which the usage occurs and the fee is known.

Subscription, support and maintenance revenues also includes kiosk rentals and on-premise support or maintenance pertaining to license sales. Revenues from kiosk rentals and on-premise support are recognized on a straight-line basis over the support period.

Revenues from subscription, support and maintenance comprised approximately 67% of total revenues for the 2019 Successor Period.

Professional services.

Our professional services contracts generate revenues on a time and materials, fixed fee or subscription basis. Revenues are recognized as the services are rendered for time and materials contracts. Revenues are recognized when the milestones are achieved and accepted by the customer or on a proportional performance basis for fixed fee contracts. Revenues are recognized ratably over the contract term for subscription contracts. The milestone method for revenue recognition is used when there is substantive uncertainty at the date the contract is entered into whether the milestone will be achieved. Training revenues are recognized as the services are performed. Revenues from professional services comprised approximately 26% of total revenues for the 2019 Successor Period.

License.

Revenues from distinct licenses are recognized upfront when the software is made available to the customer, which normally coincides with contract execution, as this is when the customer has the risks and rewards of the right to use the software. Revenues from licenses comprised approximately 6% of total revenues for the 2019 Successor Period.

Asset sales.

Revenues from asset sales are recognized when the asset, typically a kiosk, has been received by the client and is fully operational and ready to accept transactions, which is when the customer obtains control and has the risks and rewards of the asset. Revenues from asset sales comprised less than 1% of total revenues for the 2019 Successor Period.  

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues primarily consists of salaries and benefits of personnel relating to our hosting operations and support, implementation, and grants research. Cost of revenues includes data center costs including depreciation of the Company’s data center assets, third-party licensing costs, consulting fees, and the amortization of acquired technology from recent acquisitions.

Operating Expenses

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our sales and marketing employees, including salaries, sales commissions and incentives and benefits, travel and related costs, outside consulting fees, marketing programs, including lead generation, and costs of advertising and trade shows. We defer sales commissions and amortize them ratably over the expected customer life. We expect sales and marketing expenses will increase as we expand our direct sales teams and increase sales through our strategic relationships and resellers.

Research and development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits associated with our engineering, product and quality assurance personnel. Research and development expenses also include the cost of third-party contractors. Other than internal-use software development costs that qualify for capitalization, research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We expect research and development costs to increase as we develop new solutions and make improvements to our existing platforms.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits with our executive, finance, legal, human resources, compliance and other administrative personnel, accounting, auditing and legal professional services fees, recruitment costs, and other corporate-related expenses. We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase as we scale our business, but at a lower rate over time.

Results of Operations

We accounted for the Acquisition as a business combination, which resulted in a new basis of accounting. Refer to Note 3 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. As a result of the Acquisition, our consolidated financial statements for the period after February 19, 2019 are presented on a different basis than that for the periods before February 19, 2019 due to the application of purchase accounting as of February 19, 2019 and, therefore, are not comparable.

The Acquisition resulted in the following principal impacts for the period subsequent to the Acquisition date:

We believe reviewing our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2019 by combining the results of the 2019 Predecessor Period and 2019 Successor Period (“S/P Combined Period”) is more useful in discussing our overall operating performance when compared to the 2018 Predecessor Period.

Successor/Predecessor (“S/P”) Combined Period Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Total revenues

Our total revenues for the S/P Combined Period increased on a year-over-year basis. This increase was driven by an increase in the number of customers, an increase in the number of users added by existing customers and an increase in the number of products purchased by existing customers. Our revenues for the S/P Combined Period were $36.4 million. Excluding the $4.1 million impact of purchase accounting and combining the results of the 2019 Predecessor Period and 2019 Successor Period, our total non-GAAP adjusted revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 would have been $40.5 million compared to $29.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 on a comparable basis, representing a 36% increase. The change in revenues for each operating segment is due to the following (in thousands, except percentages):

Bonfire’s and Open Counter’s revenues increased primarily due to an increase in subscription, support and maintenance revenues resulting from an increase in customers from the prior year. CityBase’s revenues increased primarily due to an increase in transaction volume and eCivis revenues increased primarily as a result of an increase in professional services. Sherpa’s and Questica’s revenues increased due primarily to an increase in professional services as well as an increase in subscription, support and maintenance revenues.

Total cost of revenues

Our total cost of revenues for the S/P Combined Period have increased on a year-over-year basis. The increase was driven by an increase in headcount in hosting operations and professional services, an increase in hosting costs due to customer expansion, and an increase in third-party product partnership costs. The change in cost of revenues for each operating segment is due to the following (in thousands, except percentages):

Bonfire

Bonfire’s total cost of revenues increased primarily due to a $0.3 million increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 20% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The remaining increase was from additional hosting tools and services to support the higher number of customers supported on the platform.

CityBase

CityBase’s total cost of revenues increased primarily due to a $1.7 million increase in bank fees associated with its expansion in usage fee revenues and offset by a $0.9 million decrease in expenses incurred by third-party contractors and a $0.4 million decrease in the cost of kiosks sold.

eCivis

eCivis’ total cost of revenues for the S/P Combined Period increased primarily due to a $0.2 increase in expenses incurred by third-party contractors and a $0.1 million increase in salaries and benefits driven by 6% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019.

Open Counter

Open Counter’s total cost of revenues for the S/P Combined Period decreased slightly due to a decrease in expenses incurred by third-party contractors.

Questica

Questica’s total cost of revenues increased due primarily to a 29% increase in headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019.

Sherpa

Sherpa’s total cost of revenues increased due primarily to an increase in professional services costs to support the increase in professional services revenues.

Operating expenses

Our total selling and marketing, general and administrative and research and development operating expenses for the S/P Combined Period have increased due primarily to increases in headcount in sales and marketing, general and administrative, and research and development resulting from growth in the business. The change in operating expenses for each operating segment is due to the following (in thousands, except percentages):

Bonfire

Bonfire’s total operating expense increased due to a 103% increase in sales and marketing, a 33% increase in general and administrative costs and a 28% increase in research and development. The increase in sales and marketing was primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $1.1 million or 59% increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 50% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $0.2 million increase or 24% in salaries and benefits driven by a 17% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to a $0.3 million or 20% increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 25% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019 and a $0.2 million increase in share-based compensation expense.

CityBase

CityBase’s total operating expense increased due to a 36% increase in research and development, a 67% increase in sales and marketing and offset by a 7% decrease in general and administrative costs. The increase in research and development was primarily due to a $1.2 million or 32% increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 60% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The increase in sales and marketing was primarily due to a $1.0 million or 104% increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 195% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019.

eCivis

eCivis’ total operating expense increased due to an 84% increase in sales and marketing and a 17% increase in research and development and was partially offset by a 5% decrease in general and administrative costs. The increase in sales and marketing was primarily due to a $0.7 million or 82% increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 58% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019, a $0.1 million increase in third-party consulting fees and a $0.1 million increase in commissions expense. The increase in research and development was primarily due to a $0.2 million or 19% increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 20% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The decrease in general and administrative costs was primarily due to a $0.2 million decrease in oversight costs at the company level post-Acquisition.

Open Counter

Open Counter’s total operating expense increased due primarily to a $0.8 million or 65% increase in salaries and benefits driven by a 58% increase in average headcount from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019.

Questica

Questica’s total operating expense increased due primarily to a 47% increase in average headcount in sales and marketing from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019.

 Sherpa

 Sherpa’s total operating expenses are materially consistent with the prior year.

 Corporate

 Corporate expenses primarily comprised of outside services including legal, accounting and consulting fees, payroll and related expenses, corporate insurance, and share-based compensation.

Other operating expenses

 Acquisition costs consist primarily of Acquisition transaction costs, capital market advisory fees, and bonuses incurred as a result of the transaction or a change in control. Amortization of intangible assets consists of the amortization of finite lived intangibles resulting from the Acquisition as described in Note 3 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Goodwill impairment expense includes any reduction in the fair value of Goodwill relative to its carrying value.  The change in fair value of contingent consideration consists of any adjustments to the contingent consideration liability since the Acquisition.

 Other income (expense)

 Interest income during the S/P Combined Period was primarily due to the investments held by GTY during the 2019 Successor Period.

 Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Revenues

 To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we have provided certain financial measures that have not been prepared in accordance with GAAP defined as “non-GAAP financial measures,” which include (i) non-GAAP revenues, (ii) non-GAAP gross profit and non-GAAP gross margin, (iii) and non-GAAP loss from operations.

 We use these non-GAAP financial measures internally in analyzing our financial results and believe these metrics are useful to investors, as a supplement to the corresponding GAAP measure, in evaluating our ongoing operational performance and trends. However, it is important to note that particular items we exclude from, or include in, our non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the items excluded from, or included in, similar non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies in the same industry. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

 Non-GAAP Revenues. 

Non-GAAP revenues are defined as GAAP revenues adjusted for the impact of purchase accounting resulting from its business combination which reduced its acquired contract liabilities to fair value. The Company believes that presenting non-GAAP revenues is useful to investors as it eliminates the impact of the purchase accounting adjustments to revenues to allow for a direct comparison between current and future periods.

Non-GAAP Gross profit and Non-GAAP Gross margin.

Non-GAAP gross profit is defined as GAAP gross profit adjusted for the impact of purchase accounting resulting its business combination. Non-GAAP gross margin is defined as non-GAAP gross profit divided by non-GAAP revenues. The Company believes that presenting non-GAAP gross profit and margin is useful to investors as it eliminates the impact of the purchase accounting adjustments to allow for a direct comparison between periods.

Non-GAAP Loss from operations.

Non-GAAP loss from operations is defined as GAAP loss from operations adjusted for the impact of purchase accounting to revenues resulting from its business combination, the amortization of acquired intangible assets, share-based compensation, acquisition related costs, goodwill impairment expense, and the change in fair value of contingent consideration. The Company believes that presenting non-GAAP loss from operations is useful to investors as it eliminates the impact of certain non-cash and acquisition related expenses to allow a direct comparison of loss from operations between all periods presented.

Below is a reconciliation of non-GAAP revenues, Non-GAAP gross profit and Non-GAAP gross margin and Non-GAAP loss from operations to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures (in thousands, except percentages):

Below is a reconciliation of non-GAAP revenues to revenues by operating segment (in thousands, except percentages):