SEVERN BANCORP INC - FORM 10-Q

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EX-32 - EX-32 - SEVERN BANCORP INC	svbi-20180930xex32.htm
EX-31.2 - EX-31.2 - SEVERN BANCORP INC	svbi-20180930ex312f6cae0.htm
EX-31.1 - EX-31.1 - SEVERN BANCORP INC	svbi-20180930ex311c44de8.htm

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑Q

(Mark One)

☑QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number 0‑49731

SEVERN BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland	52‑1726127
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. employer identification no.)


200 Westgate Circle, Suite 200 Annapolis, Maryland	21401
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

410‑260‑2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and formal fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☐

Non- accelerated filer ☑		Smaller reporting company ☑

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act).Yes☐ No ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value –12,721,201 shares outstanding as of November 13, 2018

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SEVERN BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

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		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017	1

	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)	2

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)	4

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)	5

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	49

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	49

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	49

Item 5.	Other Information	49

Item 6.	Exhibits	49

EXHIBIT INDEX		50

SIGNATURES		51

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Caution Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, as well as other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and written or oral communications made from time to time by or on behalf of Severn Bancorp and its subsidiaries (the “Company”), may contain statements relating to future events or future results of the Company that are considered “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “intend,” and “potential,” or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional verbs such as “should,” “could,” or “may.” Forward-looking statements include statements of our goals, intentions and expectations; statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth, and operating strategies; statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

Forward-looking statements reflect our expectation or prediction of future conditions, events, or results based on information currently available. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks identified in Item 1A of the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10‑K, Item 1A of Part II of the Company’s March 31, 2018 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Item 1A of Part II of the Company’s June 30, 2018 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, and the following:

general business and economic conditions nationally or in the markets that the Company serves could adversely affect, among other things, real estate prices, unemployment levels, and consumer and business confidence, which could lead to decreases in the demand for loans, deposits, and other financial services that we provide and increases in loan delinquencies and defaults;

changes or volatility in the capital markets and interest rates may adversely impact the value of securities, loans, deposits, and other financial instruments and the interest rate sensitivity of our balance sheet as well as our liquidity;

our liquidity requirements could be adversely affected by changes in our assets and liabilities;

our investment securities portfolio is subject to credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk as well as changes in the estimates we use to value certain of the securities in our portfolio;

the effect of legislative or regulatory developments including changes in laws concerning taxes, banking, securities, insurance, and other aspects of the financial services industry;

competitive factors among financial services companies, including product and pricing pressures, and our ability to attract, develop, and retain qualified banking professionals;

the effect of fiscal and governmental policies of the United States (“U.S.”) federal government;

the effect of any mergers, acquisitions, or other transactions to which we or our subsidiaries may from time to time be a party;

costs and potential disruption or interruption of operations due to cyber-security incidents;

the effect of any change in federal government enforcement of federal laws affecting the medical-use cannabis industry;

the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and other regulatory agencies; and;

geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism, actions taken by the U.S. or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism, and/or military conflicts, which could impact business and economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad.

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Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. The Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events except as required by federal securities laws.

iii

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements

Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
ASSETS	(unaudited)
Cash and due from banks	$	2,160	$	2,382
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in other banks		89,156		19,471
Cash and cash equivalents		91,316		21,853
Certificates of deposit held for investment		8,780		8,780
Securities available for sale, at fair value		11,950		10,119
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $41,866 and $54,004 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)		43,108		54,303
Loans held for sale, at fair value		9,023		4,530
Loans receivable		689,712		668,151
Allowance for loan losses		(8,056)		(8,055)
Loans, net		681,656		660,096
Real estate acquired through foreclosure		285		403
Restricted stock investments		3,866		4,489
Premises and equipment, net		22,931		23,139
Accrued interest receivable		2,689		2,640
Deferred income taxes		3,244		5,302
Bank owned life insurance		5,186		5,064
Goodwill		1,104		1,099
Other assets		4,185		2,970
Total assets	$	889,323	$	804,787
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing	$	86,252	$	72,833
Interest-bearing		607,925		529,395
Total deposits		694,177		602,228
Long-term borrowings		73,500		88,500
Subordinated debentures		20,619		20,619
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		5,148		2,340
Total liabilities		793,444		713,687
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized:
Preferred stock series ''A,'' 437,500 shares issued and outstanding and $3,500 liquidation preference at December 31, 2017		—		4
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 12,695,801 and 12,233,424 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		127		122
Additional paid-in capital		65,216		65,137
Retained earnings		30,642		25,872
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(106)		(35)
Total stockholders' equity		95,879		91,100
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	889,323	$	804,787

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Interest income:	(unaudited)
Loans	$	8,844	$	7,742	$	25,731	$	22,267
Securities		293		330		920		927
Other earning assets		423		167		787		498
Total interest income		9,560		8,239		27,438		23,692
Interest expense:
Deposits		1,531		1,011		3,938		2,924
Borrowings and subordinated debentures		684		897		2,244		2,844
Total interest expense		2,215		1,908		6,182		5,768
Net interest income		7,345		6,331		21,256		17,924
Reversal of provision for loan losses		(300)		—		(300)		(650)
Net interest income after reversal of provision for loan losses		7,645		6,331		21,556		18,574
Noninterest income:
Mortgage-banking revenue		740		334		1,970		1,150
Real estate commissions		408		311		1,153		959
Real estate management fees		157		197		527		513
Credit report and appraisal fees		83		137		283		390
Deposit service charges		426		190		1,067		265
Title company revenue		316		48		751		48
Other noninterest income		214		182		654		437
Total noninterest income		2,344		1,399		6,405		3,762
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and related expenses		4,661		3,288		13,359		10,719
Occupancy		416		354		1,151		1,015
Legal fees		37		41		79		104
Write-downs, losses, and costs of real estate acquired through foreclosure, net of gains		7		126		21		166
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance premiums		58		69		171		133
Professional fees		109		124		323		377
Advertising		302		198		751		649
Data processing		286		237		805		661
Credit report and appraisal fees		182		203		423		478
Licensing and software		129		152		407		326
Mortgage leads purchased		—		48		—		234
Other noninterest expense		853		681		2,250		2,158
Total noninterest expense		7,040		5,521		19,740		17,020
Net income before income tax provision		2,949		2,209		8,221		5,316
Income tax provision		784		950		2,253		2,150
Net income		2,165		1,259		5,968		3,166
Dividends on preferred stock		—		(70)		(70)		(210)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	2,165	$	1,189	$	5,898	$	2,956
Net income per common share - basic	$	0.17	$	0.10	$	0.47	$	0.24
Net income per common share - diluted	$	0.17	$	0.10	$	0.47	$	0.24

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(dollars in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(unaudited)
Net income	$	2,165	$	1,259	$	5,968	$	3,166
Other comprehensive loss items:
Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities arising during the period (net of tax benefit of $2, $6, $27, and $2)		(5)		(9)		(71)		(3)
Realized gains, net of tax expense of $1 and $1 in 2017		—		(1)		—		(1)
Total other comprehensive loss		(5)		(10)		(71)		(4)
Total comprehensive income	$	2,160	$	1,249	$	5,897	$	3,162

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Number of	Number of									Accumulated
	Shares of	Shares of					Additional				Other		Total
	Preferred	Common	Preferred		Common		Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders'
	Stock	Stock	Stock		Stock		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Equity
	(unaudited)
Balance at January 1, 2018	437,500	12,233,424	$	4	$	122	$	65,137	$	25,872	$	(35)	$	91,100
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		5,968		—		5,968
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—		169		—		—		169
Redemption of preferred stock	(437,500)	437,500		(4)		4		—		—		—		—
Dividend declared on Series A preferred stock	—	—		—		—		—		(70)		—		(70)
Dividends paid on common stock at $0.09 per share	—	—		—		—		—		(1,128)		—		(1,128)
Exercise of stock options	—	24,877		—		1		99		—		—		100
Other	—	—		—		—		(189)		—		—		(189)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		—		(71)		(71)
Balance at September 30, 2018	—	12,695,801	$	—	$	127	$	65,216	$	30,642	$	(106)	$	95,879



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Number of	Number of									Accumulated
	Shares of	Shares of					Additional				Other		Total
	Preferred	Common	Preferred		Common		Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders'
	Stock	Stock	Stock		Stock		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Equity
	(unaudited)
Balance at January 1, 2017	437,500	12,123,179	$	4	$	121	$	64,471	$	23,334	$	—	$	87,930
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		3,166		—		3,166
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		—		146		—		—		146
Stock issued in acquisition	—	108,084		—		1		774		—		—		775
Dividend declared on Series A preferred stock	—	—		—		—		—		(210)		—		(210)
Exercise of stock options	—	14,162		—		—		207		—		—		207
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		—		(4)		(4)
Balance at September 30, 2017	437,500	12,245,425	$	4	$	122	$	65,598	$	26,290	$	(4)	$	92,010

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Cash flows from operating activities:	(unaudited)
Net income	$	5,968	$	3,166
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		966		919
Amortization of deferred loan fees		(1,317)		(847)
Net amortization of premiums and discounts		174		(202)
Reversal of provision for loan losses		(300)		(650)
Write-downs and losses on real estate acquired through foreclosure, net of gains		54		139
Gain on sale of mortgage loans		(1,970)		(1,150)
Gain on sale of securities		—		(2)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale		64,815		28,482
Originations of loans held for sale		(67,338)		(22,556)
Stock-based compensation		169		146
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance		(122)		(23)
Deferred income taxes		2,083		2,081
Increase in accrued interest receivable		(49)		(254)
Increase in other assets		(1,408)		(837)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities		2,808		(1,731)
Net cash provided by operating activities		4,533		6,681
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of certificates of deposit held for investment		—		(8,680)
Loan principal (disbursements), net of repayments		(19,943)		(40,265)
Redemption of restricted stock investments		623		404
Purchases of premises and equipment, net		(758)		(287)
Purchase of bank-owned life insurance		—		(5,000)
Activity in securities held to maturity:
Purchases		—		(6,679)
Maturities/calls/repayments		11,093		10,730
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Purchases		(2,000)		(7,184)
Maturities/calls/repayments		—		184
Sales		—		4,011
Proceeds from sales of real estate acquired through foreclosure		64		433
Net cash used in investing activities		(10,921)		(52,333)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits		91,949		21,546
Additional long-term borrowings		46,500		39,950
Repayments of long-term borrowings		(61,500)		(50,000)
Common stock dividends		(1,128)		—
Preferred stock dividends		(70)		(210)
Exercise of stock options		100		207
Net cash provided by financing activities		75,851		11,493
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		69,463		(34,159)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		21,853		67,014
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,316	$	32,855
Supplemental Information:
Interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds	$	6,144	$	5,828
Income taxes paid		96		50
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of loans		—		703
Transfers of loans held for sale to loan portfolio		—		660

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Information as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is unaudited)

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of Severn Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) (“GAAP”) and prevailing practices within the financial services industry for interim financial information and Rule 8‑01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements and prevailing practices within the banking industry. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (comprising only of those of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018 or any other interim or future period. Events occurring after the date of the financial statements up to the date the financial statements were available to be issued were considered in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

These statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10‑K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Severn Bancorp, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Mid-Maryland Title Company, Inc., SBI Mortgage Company and SBI Mortgage Company’s subsidiary, Crownsville Development Corporation, and its subsidiary, Crownsville Holdings I, LLC, and Severn Savings Bank, FSB (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s subsidiaries, Louis Hyatt, Inc., Homeowners Title and Escrow Corporation, Severn Financial Services Corporation, SSB Realty Holdings, LLC, SSB Realty Holdings II, LLC, and HS West, LLC. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and affect the reported amounts of revenues earned and expenses incurred during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates that could change significantly relate to the provision for loan losses and the related allowance for loan losses (“Allowance”), determination of impaired loans and the related measurement of impairment, valuation of investment securities, valuation of real estate acquired through foreclosure, valuation of stock-based compensation, the assessment that a liability should be recognized with respect to any matters under litigation, and the calculation of current and deferred income taxes and the realizability of net deferred tax assets.

Cash Flows

We consider all highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. For reporting purposes, assets grouped in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition under the captions “Cash and due from banks” and “Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in other banks” are considered cash or cash equivalents. For financial statement purposes, these assets are carried at cost. Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in other banks generally have overnight maturities and are in excess of amounts that would be recoverable under Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts previously reported to conform to current period presentation.

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Revenue Recognition

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of our revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans, letters of credit, derivatives and investment securities, as well as revenue related to our mortgage-banking and mortgage servicing activities. Our revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606, which are presented in our income statements as components of noninterest income, are service charges on deposit accounts, real estate commissions, real estate management fees, and title company revenue.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts represent general service fees for monthly account maintenance and activity - or transaction-based fees and consist of transaction-based revenue, time-based revenue (service period), item-based revenue or some other individual attribute-based revenue. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligation is completed which is generally monthly for account maintenance services or when a transaction has been completed (such as a wire transfer). Payment for such performance obligations are generally received at the time the performance obligations are satisfied.

Real Estate Commissions

Real Estate Commissions represent commissions received on properties sold. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligation is completed, which is generally the time the property is sold and payment has been received.

Real Estate Management Fees

Real Estate Management Fees represent monthly fees received on property maintenance and management. We perform daily services for these fees and bill for those services on a monthly basis. We have determined that each day of the performance of the services represents a distinct service. The overall service of property management each day is substantially the same and has the same pattern of transfer (daily) over the term of the contract. Further, each distinct day of service represents a performance obligation that would be satisfied over time (over the length of the contract, not at a point in time) and has the same measure of progress (elapsed time). Management has therefore determined that property management services are a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services. In performing the daily management activities, the customer is simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits provided by our performance of the contract. Revenue is earned evenly and daily over the life of the contract. For purposes of expedience, we record the fees when monthly invoices are processed. Each month contains 1/12 of the contract revenue.

Title Company Revenue

Title Company Revenue consists of revenue earned on performing title work for real estate transactions. The revenue is earned when the title work is performed. Payment for such performance obligations generally occurs at the time of the settlement of a real estate transaction. As such settlement is generally within 90 days of the performance of the title work, we recognize the revenue at the time of the settlement.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Pronouncements Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)

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No. 2014‑09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended by ASU 2015‑14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date, ASU 2016‑08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net), ASU 2016‑10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, ASU 2016‑12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, ASU 2016‑20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue form Contracts with Customers, that provides accounting guidance for all revenue arising from contracts with customers and affects all entities that enter into contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The guidance also provides for a model for the measurement and recognition of gains and losses on the sale of certain nonfinancial assets, such as property and equipment, including real estate. We adopted the pronouncement on January 1, 2018 and elected the modified retrospective transition method. There was no material impact to the financial statements. Our accounting policies and revenue recognition principles did not change materially as the principles of ASC 606 are largely consistent with the previous revenue recognition practices. See additional information on revenue recognition above.

In January 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑01, Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which requires entities to measure equity investments at fair value and recognize changes on fair value in net income. The guidance also provides a new measurement alternative for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and don’t qualify for the net asset value practical expedient. The standard requires entities to record changes in instrument–specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured under the fair value option in other comprehensive income, except for certain financial liabilities of consolidated collateralized financing entities. Entities also have to reassess the realizability of a deferred tax asset related to an available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt security in combination with their other deferred tax assets. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In August 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides guidance regarding the presentation of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows, addressing eight specific cash flow classification issues, in order to reduce existing diversity in practice. The adoption of ASC No. 2016‑15 did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Pronouncements Issued

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016‑02, Leases, which requires a lessee to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from all leases with a term greater than 12 months. The core principle requires the lessee to recognize a liability to make lease payments and a “right-of-use” asset. The accounting applied by the lessor is relatively unchanged. The ASU also requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and mandates a modified retrospective transition for all entities. Early application is permitted. We have determined that the provisions of ASU No. 2016‑02 may result in an increase in assets to recognize the present value of the lease obligations, with a corresponding increase in liabilities. While we are still evaluating all of our leases to determine the extent of the increases, we do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, which sets forth a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. While we are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements, we currently expect the Allowance to increase upon adoption given that the Allowance will be required to cover the full remaining expected life of the portfolio upon adoption, rather than the incurred loss model under current GAAP. The extent of this increase is still being evaluated and will depend on economic conditions and the composition of our loan and lease portfolio at the time of adoption.

In March 2017, FASB issued ASU No. 2017‑08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other costs, which provides guidance that calls for the shortening of the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. The

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standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASC No. 2017‑08 to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In February 2018, FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2018-02 to have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 2 – Correction of an Immaterial Prior Year Error

In 2016, we redeemed the Series B preferred stock sold in 2008 to the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “TARP Shares”). At the time of the redemption, the remaining unamortized discount of $511,000 should have been fully amortized into additional paid-in capital and retained earnings and reflected as a reduction to net income available to common stockholders. This treatment was not reflected in the consolidated financial statements included in the September 30, 2017 Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. We determined that this amount was not material to the 2017 consolidated financial statements. Our September 30, 2017 consolidated financial statements within these consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the proper recognition of the remaining discount at the time of the redemption as a $68,000 and $203,000 adjustment to net income available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, revising the originally reported amounts from $1.1 million to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and from $2.8 million to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The adjustment had no impact on total assets at September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2017 and no impact on net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Note 3 - Securities

The amortized cost and fair values of our AFS securities portfolio were as follows:


	September 30, 2018
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	1,990	$	—	$	15	$	1,975
U.S. government agency notes		10,107		—		132		9,975
	$	12,097	$	—	$	147	$	11,950


	December 31, 2017
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	10,169	$	—	$	50	$	10,119
	$	10,169	$	—	$	50	$	10,119

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The amortized cost and fair values of our held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities portfolio were as follows:


	September 30, 2018
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	3,991	$	14	$	2	$	4,003
U.S. government agency notes		12,993		10		133		12,870
Mortgage-backed securities		26,124		8		1,139		24,993
	$	43,108	$	32	$	1,274	$	41,866


	December 31, 2017
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	4,994	$	68	$	6	$	5,056
U.S. government agency notes		19,004		81		99		18,986
Mortgage-backed securities		30,305		27		370		29,962
	$	54,303	$	176	$	475	$	54,004

Gross unrealized losses and fair value by length of time that the individual AFS securities have been in an unrealized loss position at the dates indicated are presented in the following tables:


	September 30, 2018
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	1,975	$	15	$	—	$	—	$	1,975	$	15
U.S. government agency notes		6,948		86		3,027		46		9,975		132
	$	8,923	$	101	$	3,027	$	46	$	11,950	$	147


	December 31, 2017
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	10,119	$	50	$	—	$	—	$	10,119	$	50
	$	10,119	$	50	$	—	$	—	$	10,119	$	50

Gross unrealized losses and fair value by length of time that the individual HTM securities have been in an unrealized loss position at the dates indicated are presented in the following tables:


	September 30, 2018
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	998	$	2	$	998	$	2
U.S. government agency notes		2,978		15		7,911		118		10,889		133
Mortgage-backed securities		3,649		106		21,090		1,033		24,739		1,139
	$	6,627	$	121	$	29,999	$	1,153	$	36,626	$	1,274

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	December 31, 2017
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	1,993	$	6	$	—	$	—	$	1,993	$	6
U.S. government agency notes		6,977		23		6,964		76		13,941		99
Mortgage-backed securities		20,993		217		7,046		153		28,039		370
	$	29,963	$	246	$	14,010	$	229	$	43,973	$	475

In the AFS securities portfolio, 8 U.S. government agency notes and 2 U.S. Treasury securities were in a loss position as of September 30, 2018. In the HTM securities portfolio, 11 U.S. government agency notes, one U.S. Treasury security, and 18 mortgage-backed securities were in a loss position as of September 30, 2018.

In the AFS securities portfolio, 8 U.S. government agency notes were in a loss position as of December 31, 2017. In the HTM securities portfolio, 14 U.S. government agency notes, one U.S. Treasury security, and 16 mortgage-backed securities were in a loss position as of December 31, 2017.

All of the securities that are currently in a gross unrealized loss position are so due to declines in fair values resulting from changes in interest rates or increased liquidity spreads since the time they were purchased. We have the intent and ability to hold these debt securities to maturity (including the AFS securities) and do not intend to sell, nor do we believe it will be more likely than not that we will be required to sell, any impaired securities prior to a recovery of amortized cost. We expect these securities will be repaid in full, with no losses realized. As such, management considers any impairment to be temporary.

Contractual maturities of debt securities at September 30, 2018 are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	AFS Securities				HTM Securities
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	3,000	$	2,980	$	8,004	$	7,969
Due after one through five years		9,097		8,970		8,980		8,904
Mortgage-backed securities		—		—		26,124		24,993
	$	12,097	$	11,950	$	43,108	$	41,866

During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized gross gains and losses on the sale of securities of $4,000 and $2,000, respectively. We did not sell any securities in 2018.

There were no securities pledged as collateral as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

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Note 4 - Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	287,258	$	287,656
Commercial		43,180		37,356
Commercial real estate		236,105		236,302
Construction, land acquisition, and development		112,994		93,060
Home equity/2nds		12,173		15,703
Consumer		1,065		1,084
Total loans receivable		692,775		671,161
Unearned loan fees		(3,063)		(3,010)
Loans receivable	$	689,712	$	668,151

Certain loans in the amount of $173.0 million have been pledged under a blanket floating lien to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) as collateral against advances at September 30, 2018.

At September 30, 2018, the Bank was servicing $30.1 million in loans for the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and $15.3 million in loans for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). At December 31, 2017, the Bank was servicing $33.5 million in loans for the FNMA and $16.0 million in loans for the FHLMC.

Credit Quality

An Allowance is provided through charges to income in an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible based on evaluations of the collectability of loans and prior loan loss experience. Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the Allowance that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The methodology takes into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay. Determining the amount of the Allowance requires the use of estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. While management uses all available information to estimate losses on loans, future additions to the Allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions and our actual loss experience. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the Allowance as an integral part of their examination process. Such agencies may require us to recognize additions to the Allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Management believes the Allowance is adequate as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

For purposes of determining the Allowance, we have segmented our loan portfolio by product type. Our portfolio loan segments are residential mortgage, commercial, commercial real estate, construction, land acquisition, and development (“ADC”), Home equity/2nds, and consumer. We have looked at all segments and have determined that no additional subcategorization is warranted based upon our consideration of risk. Our portfolio classes are the same as our portfolio segments.

Inherent Credit Risks

The inherent credit risks within the loan portfolio vary depending upon the loan class as follows:

Residential mortgage - secured by one to four family dwelling units. The loans have limited risk as they are secured by first mortgages on the unit, which are generally the primary residence of the borrower, and are generally at a loan-to-value ratio (“LTV”) of 80% or less.

Commercial - underwritten in accordance with our policies and include evaluating historical and projected profitability and cash flow to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the obligation as agreed. Commercial loans are made primarily

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based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral supporting the loan. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. Additionally, lines of credit are subject to the underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans, in addition to those underwriting standards for real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow dependent and, secondarily, as loans secured by real-estate and/or other assets. Repayment of these loans is generally dependent upon the principal business conducted on the property securing the loan. Line of credit loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or the economy in general. Management monitors and evaluates line of credit loans based on collateral and risk-rating criteria.

Commercial real estate - subject to the underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial, in addition to those underwriting standards for real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as loans secured by real estate and secondarily as cash flow dependent. As repayment of these loans is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the property securing the loan, we look closely at the cash flows generated by the property securing the loan, although the primary underwriting criteria for these loan types is the sufficient value of the underlying collateral. Commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or the economy in general. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk-rating criteria. The Bank also utilizes third-party experts to provide environmental and market valuations. The nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult to monitor and evaluate.

ADC - underwritten in accordance with our underwriting policies which include a financial analysis of the developers, property owners, construction cost estimates, and independent appraisal valuations. These loans will rely on the value associated with the project upon completion. These cost and valuation estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans generally involve the disbursement of substantial funds over a short period of time with repayment substantially dependent upon the success of the completed project rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. Additionally, land is underwritten according to our policies which include independent appraisal valuations as well as the estimated value associated with the land upon completion of development. These cost and valuation estimates may be inaccurate.

The sources of repayment of these loans is typically permanent financing expected to be obtained upon completion or sales of developed property. These loans are closely monitored by onsite inspections and are considered to be of a higher risk than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to general economic conditions, availability of long-term financing, interest rate sensitivity, and governmental regulation of real property.

If the Bank is forced to foreclose on a project prior to or at completion due to a default, there can be no assurance that the Bank will be able to recover all of the unpaid balance of the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs. In addition, the Bank may be required to fund additional amounts to complete the project and may have to hold the property for an unspecified period of time.

Home equity/2nds - subject to the underwriting standards and processes similar to residential mortgages and secured by one to four family dwelling units. Home equity/2nds loans have greater risk than residential mortgages as a result of the Bank generally being in a second lien position.

Consumer - consist of loans to individuals through the Bank’s retail network and typically unsecured or secured by personal property. Consumer loans have a greater credit risk than residential loans because of the lower value of the underlying collateral, if any.

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The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the Allowance and the recorded investment in loans:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Residential				Commercial				Home Equity/
	Mortgage		Commercial		Real Estate		ADC		2nds		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	2,962	$	414	$	2,591	$	2,060	$	229	$	1	$	—	$	8,257
Charge-offs		(148)		—		—		(6)		—		—		—		(154)
Recoveries		3		—		31		—		219		—		—		253
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(145)		—		31		(6)		219		—		—		99
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		204		219		10		(494)		(267)		—		28		(300)
Ending Balance	$	3,021	$	633	$	2,632	$	1,560	$	181	$	1	$	28	$	8,056


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Residential				Commercial				Home Equity/
	Mortgage		Commercial		Real Estate		ADC		2nds		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	3,099	$	527	$	2,805	$	1,236	$	386	$	2	$	—	$	8,055
Charge-offs		(508)		—		—		(19)		—		—		—		(527)
Recoveries		225		—		364		—		239		—		—		828
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(283)		—		364		(19)		239		—		—		301
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		205		106		(537)		343		(444)		(1)		28		(300)
Ending Balance	$	3,021	$	633	$	2,632	$	1,560	$	181	$	1	$	28	$	8,056

Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,090	$	—	$	166	$	900	$	2	$	1	$	—	$	2,159
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		1,931		633		2,466		660		179		—		28		5,897
	$	3,021	$	633	$	2,632	$	1,560	$	181	$	1	$	28	$	8,056

Ending loan balance -individually evaluated for impairment	$	15,038	$	—	$	2,053	$	1,582	$	772	$	78			$	19,523
Ending loan balance -collectively evaluated for impairment		270,432		43,180		232,777		111,412		11,401		987				670,189
	$	285,470	$	43,180	$	234,830	$	112,994	$	12,173	$	1,065			$	689,712

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	December 31, 2017
	Residential				Commercial					Home Equity/
	Mortgage		Commercial		Real Estate		ADC		2nds		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,181	$	—	$	182	$	48	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	1,413
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		1,918		527		2,623		1,188		386		—		—		6,642
	$	3,099	$	527	$	2,805	$	1,236	$	386	$	2	$	—	$	8,055

Ending loan balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	18,219	$	—	$	2,917	$	991	$	—	$	84			$	22,211
Ending loan balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		267,600		37,356		232,212		92,069		15,703		1,000				645,940
	$	285,819	$	37,356	$	235,129	$	93,060	$	15,703	$	1,084			$	668,151

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Residential				Commercial				Home Equity/
	Mortgage		Commercial		Real Estate		ADC		2nds		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	3,403	$	389	$	2,571	$	984	$	367	$	4	$	—	$	7,718
Charge-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries		156		—		40		—		22		—		—		218
Net recoveries		156		—		40		—		22		—		—		218
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses		(137)		53		(44)		158		(28)		(2)		—		—
Ending Balance	$	3,422	$	442	$	2,567	$	1,142	$	361	$	2	$	—	$	7,936


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Residential				Commercial				Home Equity/
	Mortgage		Commercial		Real Estate		ADC		2nds		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	3,833	$	478	$	2,535	$	1,390	$	728	$	5	$	—	$	8,969
Charge-offs		(707)		—		—		—		(98)		—		—		(805)
Recoveries		295		—		100		—		27		—		—		422
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(412)		—		100		—		(71)		—		—		(383)
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		1		(36)		(68)		(248)		(296)		(3)		—		(650)
Ending Balance	$	3,422	$	442	$	2,567	$	1,142	$	361	$	2	$	—	$	7,936

Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,544	$	—	$	186	$	50	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	1,782
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		1,878		442		2,381		1,092		361		—		—		6,154
	$	3,422	$	442	$	2,567	$	1,142	$	361	$	2	$	—	$	7,936

Ending loan balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	20,379	$	—	$	3,419	$	1,003	$	—	$	87			$	24,888
Ending loan balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		268,790		37,485		219,748		83,161		15,861		1,031				626,076
	$	289,169	$	37,485	$	223,167	$	84,164	$	15,861	$	1,118			$	650,964

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The following tables present the credit quality breakdown of our loan portfolio by class:


	September 30, 2018
			Special
	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	281,529	$	833	$	3,108	$	285,470
Commercial		43,156		24		—		43,180
Commercial real estate		229,305		3,682		1,843		234,830
ADC		111,217		—		1,777		112,994
Home equity/2nds		11,574		442		157		12,173
Consumer		1,065		—		—		1,065
	$	677,846	$	4,981	$	6,885	$	689,712


	December 31, 2017
			Special
	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	279,040	$	1,563	$	5,216	$	285,819
Commercial		37,312		44		—		37,356
Commercial real estate		227,573		4,615		2,941		235,129
ADC		91,868		—		1,192		93,060
Home equity/2nds		14,384		465		854		15,703
Consumer		1,084		—		—		1,084
	$	651,261	$	6,687	$	10,203	$	668,151

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans:


	September 30, 2018
	30-59		60-89		90+
	Days		Days		Days		Total						Non-
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Total		Accrual
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	800	$	143	$	2,901	$	3,844	$	281,626	$	285,470	$	3,784
Commercial		—		—		—		—		43,180		43,180		—
Commercial real estate		452		113		159		724		234,106		234,830		476
ADC		388		67		856		1,311		111,683		112,994		923
Home equity/2nds		23		—		429		452		11,721		12,173		548
Consumer		—		—		—		—		1,065		1,065		—
	$	1,663	$	323	$	4,345	$	6,331	$	683,381	$	689,712	$	5,731


	December 31, 2017
	30-59		60-89		90+
	Days		Days		Days		Total						Non-
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Current		Total		Accrual
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	1,006	$	—	$	—	$	1,006	$	284,813	$	285,819	$		3,891
Commercial		—		—		—		—		37,356		37,356			78
Commercial real estate		948		—		—		948		234,181		235,129		159
ADC		—		—		—		—		93,060		93,060			314
Home equity/2nds		—		—		—		—		15,703		15,703			1,268
Consumer		—		—		—		—		1,084		1,084			—
	$	1,954	$	—	$	—	$	1,954	$	666,197	$	668,151	$		5,710

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We did not have any loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

The interest which would have been recorded on the above nonaccrual loans if those loans had been performing in accordance with their contractual terms was approximately $238,000 and $200,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The actual interest income recorded on those loans was approximately $69,000 and $67,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The interest which would have been recorded on the above nonaccrual loans if those loans had been performing in accordance with their contractual terms was approximately $713,000 and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The actual interest income recorded on those loans was approximately $208,000 and $403,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following tables summarize impaired loans:


	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Unpaid						Unpaid
	Principal		Recorded		Related		Principal		Recorded		Related
	Balance		Investment		Allowance		Balance		Investment		Allowance
With no related Allowance:	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	9,819	$	8,995	$	—	$	12,929	$	11,572	$	—
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		1,019		908		—		1,562		1,507		—
ADC		522		522		—		636		636		—
Home equity/2nds		987		760		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
With a related Allowance:
Residential mortgage		6,159		6,043		1,090		6,761		6,647		1,181
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		1,102		1,145		166		1,410		1,410		182
ADC		1,147		1,060		900		392		355		48
Home equity/2nds		14		12		2		—		—		—
Consumer		78		78		1		84		84		2
Totals:
Residential mortgage		15,978		15,038		1,090		19,690		18,219		1,181
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		2,121		2,053		166		2,972		2,917		182
ADC		1,669		1,582		900		1,028		991		48
Home equity/2nds		1,001		772		2		—		—		—
Consumer		78		78		1		84		84		2

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	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017				2018				2017
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest		Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
With no related Allowance:	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	6,718	$	75	$	10,423	$	138	$	9,618	$	229	$	9,696	$	353
Commercial		6		—		—		—		59		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		1,572		21		1,531		22		1,240		56		2,652		69
ADC		674		7		637		9		547		20		487		21
Home equity/2nds		371		10		918		15		552		34		679		40
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
With a related Allowance:
Residential mortgage		6,020		79		8,910		116		6,899		219		9,231		286
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—		37		—
Commercial real estate		774		4		1,896		23		1,243		19		1,919		73
ADC		176		2		369		6		1,103		9		385		16
Home equity/2nds		400		4		180		—		6		11		715		—
Consumer		79		1		88		1		81		2		91		2
Totals:
Residential mortgage		12,738		154		19,333		254		16,517		448		18,927		639
Commercial		6		—		—		—		59		—		37		—
Commercial real estate		2,346		25		3,427		45		2,483		75		4,571		142
ADC		850		9		1,006		15		1,650		29		872		37
Home equity/2nds		771		14		1,098		15		558		45		1,394		40
Consumer		79		1		88		1		81		2		91		2

Residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction totaled $3.7 million and $3.1 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructure Loans (“TDR” or “TDRs”)

Our portfolio of TDRs was accounted for under the following methods:


	September 30, 2018
							Total	Total
	Number of	Accrual		Number of	Nonaccrual		Number of	Balance of
	Modifications	Status		Modifications	Status		Modifications	Modifications
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	38	$	10,031	4	$	997	42	$	11,028
Commercial real estate	2		1,028	—		—	2		1,028
ADC	1		134	—		—	1		134
Consumer	3		78	—		—	3		78
	44	$	11,271	4	$	997	48	$	12,268

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	December 31, 2017
							Total	Total
	Number of	Accrual		Number of	Nonaccrual		Number of	Balance of
	Modifications	Status		Modifications	Status		Modifications	Modifications
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	42	$	11,631	2	$	736	44	$	12,367
Commercial real estate	3		1,862	1		78	4		1,940
ADC	1		137	1		6	2		143
Consumer	4		84	—		—	4		84
	50	$	13,714	4	$	820	54	$	14,534

There were no TDRs that defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017 which were modified during the previous 12 month period.

We did not modify any loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.

Note 5 - Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial condition. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

In July 2013, federal bank regulatory agencies issued final results to revise their risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with agreements that were reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act (“Basel III”). On January 1, 2015, the Basel III rules became effective and include transition provisions which implement certain portions of the rules through January 1, 2019. Under the final rules, the effects of certain accumulated other comprehensive items are not excluded, however, banking organizations like us that are not considered “advanced approaches” banking organizations may make a one-time permanent election to continue to exclude these items. With the submission of the Call Report for the first quarter of 2015, we made this election in order to avoid significant variations in the level of capital that can be caused by interest rate fluctuations on the fair value of the Bank’s AFS securities portfolio.

The Basel III rules also establish a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above the regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consist entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital. The capital conservation buffer requirements began to phase in effective January 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increase by that amount each year until fully implemented in January 2019. In 2018 the capital conservation buffer is 1.875%. An institution would be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses to executive officers if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.

As a result of the recently enacted Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies are required to develop a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A “qualifying community bank” that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies may consider a financial institution’s risk profile when evaluating whether it qualifies as a community bank for purposes of the capital ratio requirement. The federal banking agencies must set the minimum capital for the new Community Bank Leverage Ratio at not less than 8% and not more than 10%. A financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition.

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As of the date of the last regulatory exam, the Bank was considered “well capitalized” and as of September 30, 2018 the Bank continued to meet the requirements to be considered “well capitalized” based on applicable U.S. regulatory capital ratio requirements.

The Bank’s regulatory capital amounts and ratios were as follows:


					Minimum				Minimum				To be Well
					Requirements				Requirements				Capitalized Under
					for Capital Adequacy				with Capital				Prompt Corrective
	Actual				Purposes				Conservation Buffer				Action Provision
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
September 30, 2018	(dollars in thousands)
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	111,048	16.9	%	$	29,651	4.5	%	$	42,006	6.4	%	$	42,829	6.5	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)		119,248	18.1	%		52,713	8.0	%		65,067	9.9	%		65,891	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		111,048	16.9	%		39,535	6.0	%		51,889	7.9	%		52,713	8.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average quarterly assets)		111,048	13.6	%		32,771	4.0	%		48,132	5.9	%		40,963	5.0	%

December 31, 2017
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	105,721	16.5	%	$	28,904	4.5	%	$	36,933	5.8	%	$	41,750	6.5	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)		113,758	17.7	%		51,385	8.0	%		59,414	9.3	%		64,231	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		105,721	16.5	%		38,539	6.0	%		46,567	7.3	%		51,385	8.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average quarterly assets)		105,721	13.5	%		31,440	4.0	%		41,264	5.3	%		39,300	5.0	%

Note 6 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options, warrants, and convertible preferred stock, and are determined using the treasury stock method.

Not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because they were anti-dilutive were 20,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as well as an additional 437,500 shares of common stock that was issuable upon conversion of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock. There were no anti-dilutive shares for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.

On April 2, 2018, the Company exercised its option to convert all 437,500 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock into shares of the Company’s common stock. The conversion ratio was one share of Series A Preferred Stock for one share of common stock. As of April 2, 2018, the Series A Preferred Stock was no longer deemed outstanding and all rights with respect to such stock ceased and terminated.

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Information relating to the calculations of our income per common share is summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands, except for per share data)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic		12,695,136		12,172,586		12,541,032		12,140,689
Dilution		137,497		150,986		110,228		107,525
Weighted-average share outstanding - diluted		12,832,633		12,323,572		12,651,260		12,248,214

Net income available to common stockholders	$	2,165	$	1,189	$	5,898	$	2,956
Net income per share - basic	$	0.17	$	0.10	$	0.47	$	0.24
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.17	$	0.10	$	0.47	$	0.24

Note 7 - Stock-Based Compensation

We have maintained a stock-based compensation plan for directors, officers, and other key employees of the Company. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that could be issued with respect to the awards granted under the plan was 500,000 plus any shares forfeited under the Company’s old stock-based compensation plan. Under the terms of the stock-based compensation plan, the Company had the ability to grant various stock compensation incentives, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, and restricted stock. The stock-based compensation was granted under terms and conditions determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Under the stock-based compensation plan, stock options generally had a maximum term of ten years, and were granted with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date the options were granted. Generally, options granted to directors, officers, and employees of the Company vested over a five-year period, although the Compensation Committee had the authority to provide for different vesting schedules. The plan described above expired in May of 2018 and no additional awards may be granted under that plan.

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized as compensation expense in the statement of operations at fair value. Additionally, we are required to recognize the expense of employee services received in share-based payment transactions and measure the expense based on the grant date fair value of the award. The expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 totaled $56,000 and $44,000, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 totaled $169,000 and $146,000, respectively.

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Information regarding our stock-based compensation plan is as follows as of and for the nine months ended September 30:


	2018						2017
				Weighted-						Weighted-
		Weighted-		Average	Aggregate			Weighted-		Average	Aggregate
		Average		Remaining	Intrinsic			Average		Remaining	Intrinsic
	Number	Exercise		Contractual	Value		Number	Exercise		Contractual	Value
	of Shares	Price		Term (in years)	(in thousands)		of Shares	Price		Term (in years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of period	434,025	$	5.87				339,500	$	5.31
Granted	6,500		7.41				20,000		7.10
Exercised	(24,877)		3.98				(5,025)		3.37
Forfeited	(2,600)		5.78				(16,000)		4.59
Outstanding at end of period	413,048	$	6.01	5.8	$	1,565	338,475	$	5.48	7.2	$	526
Exercisable at end of period	229,687	$	5.26	5.7	$	1,043	173,702	$	4.78	6.5	$	398

The fair values of options at the time of the grants were derived using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The followings weighted average assumptions were used to value options granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:


	2018			2017
Expected life		5.5 years			5.5 years
Risk-free interest rate		2.67	%		1.76	%
Expected volatility		32.20	%		36.02	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—
Weighted average per share fair value of options granted	$	2.57		$	2.56

As of September 30, 2018, there was $543,000 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the next 54 months.

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies

Off-Balance Sheet Instruments

The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The contract amounts of these instruments express the extent of involvement we have in each class of financial instruments.

Our exposure to credit loss from nonperformance by the other party to the above mentioned financial instruments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments. Unless otherwise noted, we require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with off-balance sheet credit risk.

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	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Standby letters of credit	$	9,171	$	3,480
Home equity lines of credit		17,735		13,321
Unadvanced construction commitments		70,408		74,720
Mortgage loan commitments		—		595
Lines of credit		21,396		16,612
Loans sold and serviced with limited repurchase provisions		42,449		21,409

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank guaranteeing performance by a customer to various municipalities. These guarantees are issued primarily to support performance arrangements and are limited to real estate transactions. The majority of these standby letters of credit expire within twelve months, with automatic one year renewals. The Bank has the option to stop any automatic renewal. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending other loan commitments. The Bank requires collateral supporting these letters of credit as deemed necessary. Management believes, except for certain standby letters of credit, that the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of such collateral would be sufficient to cover the maximum potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding guarantees. The current amount of the liability as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 for guarantees under standby letters of credit issued was $100,000 and $42,000, respectively.

Home equity lines of credit are loan commitments to individuals as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments under home equity lines expire ten years after the date the loan closes and are secured by real estate. We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis.

Unadvanced construction commitments are loan commitments made to borrowers for both residential and commercial projects that are either in process or are expected to begin construction shortly.

We did not have any mortgage loan commitments at September 30, 2018. Such commitments at December 31, 2017 consisted of two loans totaling $595,000.

Lines of credit are loan commitments to individuals and companies as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Lines of credit have a fixed expiration date. The Bank evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis.

The Bank has entered into several agreements to sell mortgage loans to third parties. These agreements contain limited provisions that require the Bank to repurchase a loan if the loan becomes delinquent within a period ranging generally from 120 to 180 days after the sale date depending on the investor’s agreement. The credit risk involved in these financial instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. We established a reserve for potential repurchases for these loans, which amounted to $82,000 at September 30, 2018 and $63,000 at December 31, 2017. We did not repurchase any loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.

Other Contingencies

The Company provides banking services to customers who do business in the medical-use cannabis industry. While the growing, processing, and sales of medical-use cannabis is legal in the state of Maryland, the business currently violates Federal law. The Company may be deemed to be aiding and abetting illegal activities through the services that it provides to these customers. The strict enforcement of Federal laws regarding medical-use cannabis would likely result in the Company’s inability to continue to provide banking services to these customers and the Company could have legal action taken against it by the Federal government, including imprisonment and fines. There is an uncertainty of the potential impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements if the Federal government takes actions against the Company. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has not accrued an amount for the potential impact of any such actions.

Following is a summary of the level of business activities with our medical-use cannabis customers:

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• Deposit and loan balances at September 30, 2018 were approximately $12.8 million, 1.8% of total deposits, and $15.3 million, 2.2% of total loans, respectively. Deposit and loan balances at December 31, 2017 were approximately $19.2 million, 3.2% of total deposits, and $11.9 million, 1.8% of total loans, respectively.

•Interest and noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were approximately $231,000 and $376,000, respectively. Interest and noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were approximately $541,000 and $921,000, respectively. There was no interest or noninterest income recognized on medical-use cannabis accounts for three or nine months ended September 30, 2017.

•The volume of deposits in the accounts of medical-use cannabis customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was approximately $41.5 million and $70.8 million, respectively. No deposits were made to medical-use cannabis accounts during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Note 9 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

A fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods is used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair market hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported with little or no market activity).

An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

We record transfers between levels at the end of the reporting period in which the change in significant inputs occurs.

Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present fair value measurements for assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:


					Significant
					Other		Significant		Total Changes
			Quoted		Observable		Unobservable		In Fair Values
	Carrying		Prices		Inputs		Inputs		Included In
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period Income
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
AFS Securities - U.S. Treasury and government agency notes	$	11,950	$	1,975	$	9,975	$	—	$	—
Loans held for sale ("LHFS")		9,023		—		9,023		—		126
Mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs")		482		—		—		482		5
Interest-rate lock commitments ("IRLCs")		187		—		—		187		165
Mandatory forward contracts		71		—		71		—		58
Best efforts forward contracts		51		—		51		—		48

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The following tables present fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017:


					Significant
					Other		Significant		Total Changes
			Quoted		Observable		Unobservable		In Fair Values
	Carrying		Prices		Inputs		Inputs		Included In
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Period Income
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
AFS Securities - U.S. government agency notes	$	10,119	$	—	$	10,119	$	—	$	—
LHFS		4,530		—		4,530		—		131
MSRs		477		—		—		477		(80)
IRLCs		22		—		—		22		(140)
Mandatory forward contracts		13		—		13		—		(140)
Best efforts forward contracts		3		—		3		—		3

The following table provides additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we have utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:


	Fair Value		Valuation	Unobservable	Range
	Estimate		Technique	Input	(Weighted-Average)
September 30, 2018:	(dollars in thousands)
MSRs	$	482	Market Approach	Weighted average prepayment speed	8.50	%
IRLCs		187	Market Approach	Range of pull through rate	70% - 95	%
				Average pull through rate	85	%

December 31, 2017:
MSRs	$	477	Market Approach	Weighted average prepayment speed	3.94	%
IRLCs		22	Market Approach	Range of pull through rate	80% - 95	%
				Average pull through rate	90	%

The following table shows the activity in the MSRs:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	501	$	511	$	477	$	557
Valuation adjustment		(19)		(38)		5		(84)
Ending balance	$	482	$	473	$	482	$	473

The following table shows the activity in the IRLCs:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	168	$	23	$	22	$	162
Valuation adjustment		19		19		165		(120)
Ending balance	$	187	$	42	$	187	$	42

AFS Securities

The estimated fair values of AFS debt securities are obtained from a nationally-recognized pricing service. This pricing service develops estimated fair values by analyzing like securities and applying available market information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings, and matrix pricing to prepare valuations. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other

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benchmark quoted securities. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things, and are based on market data obtained from sources independent from the Bank. U.S Treasury Securities are considered Level 1 and all of our other securities are considered Level 2. The Level 2 investments in the Bank’s portfolio are priced using those inputs that, based on the analysis prepared by the pricing service, reflect the assumptions that market participants would use to price the assets. The Bank has determined that the Level 2 designation is appropriate for these securities because, as with most fixed-income securities, those in the Bank’s portfolio are not exchange-traded, and such nonexchange-traded fixed income securities are typically priced by correlation to observed market data.

LHFS

LHFS are carried at fair value, which is determined based on outstanding investor commitments or, in the absence of such commitments, on current investor yield requirements or third party pricing models.

MSRs

The fair value of MSRs is determined using a valuation model administered by a third party that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model incorporates assumptions that market participants use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of prepayment speeds, discount rate, default rates, cost to service (including delinquency and foreclosure costs), escrow account earnings, contractual servicing fee income, and other ancillary income such as late fees. Management reviews all significant assumptions on a monthly basis. Mortgage loan prepayment speed, a key assumption in the model, is the annual rate at which borrowers are forecasted to repay their mortgage loan principal. The discount rate used to determine the present value of estimated future net servicing income, another key assumption in the model, is an estimate of the required rate of return investors in the market would require for an asset with similar risk. Both assumptions can, and generally will, change as market conditions and interest rates change.

IRLCs

We utilize a third party specialist model to estimate the fair value of our IRLCs, which are valued based upon mandatory pricing quotes from correspondent lenders less estimated costs to process and settle the loan. Fair value is adjusted for the estimated probability of the loan closing with the borrower.

Forward Contracts

To avoid interest rate risk, we enter into best efforts forward sales commitments with investors at the time we make an IRLC to a borrower. Once a loan has been closed and funded, the best efforts commitments convert to mandatory forward sales commitments. The mandatory commitments are derivatives, and the bank measures and reports them at fair value. Fair value is based on the gain or loss that would occur if we were to pair-off the transaction with the investor at the measurement date. This is a level 2 input. We have elected to measure and report best efforts commitments at fair value using a valuation methodology similar to that used for our mandatory commitments.

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Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower-of-cost-or-market value (“LCM”) accounting or write-downs of individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of assets:


	September 30, 2018
					Significant
					Other		Significant
			Quoted		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Prices		Inputs		Inputs		Range of	Weighted
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Discount (1)	Average
	(dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans	$	5,690	$	—	$	—	$	5,690	0% - 27%	11.0	%
Real estate acquired through foreclosure		114		—		—		114	0% - 8%	8.0	%

(1)

Discount based on current market conditions and estimated selling costs


	December 31, 2017
					Significant
					Other		Significant
			Quoted		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Prices		Inputs		Inputs		Range of	Weighted
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Discount (1)	Average
	(dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans	$	2,793	$	—	$	—	$	2,793	0% - 33%	14.5	%
Real estate acquired through foreclosure		178		—		—		178	0% - 22%	11.5	%

(1)

Discount based on current market conditions and estimated selling costs

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans are those for which we have measured impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows or on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. If it is determined that the repayment of the loan will be provided solely by the underlying collateral, and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment, the loan is considered collateral dependent. Impaired loans that are considered collateral dependent are carried at LCM. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and/or accounts receivable. The use of independent appraisals and management’s best judgment are significant inputs in arriving at the fair value measure of the underlying collateral and impaired loans are therefore classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

For such loans that are classified as impaired, an Allowance is established when the present value of the expected future cash flows of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. For such impaired loans that are classified as collateral dependent, an Allowance is established when the current market value of the underlying collateral less its estimated disposal costs has not been finalized, but management determines that it is likely that the value is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Once the net collateral value has been determined, a charge-off is taken for the difference between the net collateral value and the carrying value of the loan.

Real Estate Acquired Through Foreclosure

We record foreclosed real estate assets at the fair value less estimated selling costs on their acquisition dates and at the lower of such initial amount or estimated fair value less estimated selling costs thereafter. We generally obtain certified external appraisals of real estate acquired through foreclosure and estimate fair value using those appraisals. Other valuation sources may be used, including broker price opinions, letters of intent, and executed sale agreements.

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Fair Value of All Financial Instruments

The carrying value and fair value of all financial instruments are summarized in the following tables. The descriptions of the fair value calculations for AFS securities, LHFS, MSRs, IRLCs, best efforts forward contracts, mandatory forward contracts, impaired loans, and impaired real estate are included in the discussions above.


	September 30, 2018
	Carrying		Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	91,316	$	91,316	$	—	$	—	$	91,316
Certificates of deposit held for investment		8,780		8,780		—		—		8,780
AFS securities		11,950		1,975		9,975		—		11,950
HTM securities		43,108		4,003		37,863		—		41,866
LHFS		9,023		—		9,023		—		9,023
Loans receivable, net		681,656		—		—		677,510		677,510
Restricted stock investments		3,866		—		3,866		—		3,866
Accrued interest receivable		2,689		—		2,689		—		2,689
MSRs		482		—		—		482		482
IRLCs		187		—		—		187		187
Mandatory forward contracts		71		—		71		—		71
Best effort forward contracts		51		—		51		—		51
Liabilities:
Deposits		694,177		—		687,034		—		687,034
Accrued interest payable		433		—		433		—		433
Borrowings		73,500		—		66,745		—		66,745
Subordinated debentures		20,619		—		—		20,619		20,619


	December 31, 2017
	Carrying		Fair Value
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,853	$	21,853	$	—	$	—	$	21,853
Certificates of deposit held for investment		8,780		8,780		—		—		8,780
AFS securities		10,119		—		10,119		—		10,119
HTM securities		54,303		5,056		48,948		—		54,004
LHFS		4,530		—		4,530		—		4,530
Loans receivable, net		660,096		—		—		672,349		672,349
Restricted stock investments		4,489		—		4,489		—		4,489
Accrued interest receivable		2,640		—		2,640		—		2,640
MSRs		477		—		—		477		477
IRLCs		22		—		—		22		22
Mandatory forward contracts		13		—		13		—		13
Best effort forward contracts		3		—		3		—		3
Liabilities:
Deposits		602,228		—		594,659		—		594,659
Accrued interest payable		395		—		395		—		395
Borrowings		88,500		—		81,303		—		81,303
Subordinated debentures		20,619		—		—		20,619		20,619

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had loan funding commitments of $109.5 million and $105.2 million, respectively, and standby letters of credit outstanding of $9.2 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The fair value of these commitments is nominal.

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Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about financial instruments. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from a one-time sale of our total holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect estimates. The above information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of our assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between our disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

There were no transfers between any of Levels 1, 2, and 3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017 or for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

When used in this report, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Severn Bancorp and, unless the context requires otherwise, its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion should be read and reviewed in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth in Severn Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Company

The Company is a savings and loan holding company chartered as a corporation in the state of Maryland in 1990. It conducts business primarily through three subsidiaries, Severn Savings Bank, FSB (the “Bank”), Mid-Maryland Title Company, Inc. (the “Title Company”), and SBI Mortgage Company (“SBI”). SBI holds mortgages that do not meet the underwriting criteria of the Bank, and is the parent company of Crownsville Development Corporation (“Crownsville”), which is doing business as Annapolis Equity Group, and acquires real estate for syndication and investment purposes. The Title Company is a real estate settlement company that handles commercial and residential real estate settlements in Maryland. The Bank’s principal subsidiary Louis Hyatt, Inc. (“Hyatt Commercial”), conducts business as Hyatt Commercial, a commercial real estate brokerage and property management company. The Bank opened a new branch in June 2018 in Lothian, Maryland, which brings the total number of branches to six in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. The branches offer a full range of deposit products and originate mortgages in the Bank’s primary market of Anne Arundel County, Maryland and, to a lesser extent, in other parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. As of September 30, 2018, we had 166 full-time equivalent employees.

Overview

The Company provides a wide range of personal and commercial banking services. Personal services include mortgage lending and various other lending services as well as deposit products such as personal Internet banking and online bill pay, checking accounts, individual retirement accounts, money market accounts, and savings and time deposit accounts. Commercial services include commercial secured and unsecured lending services as well as business Internet banking, corporate cash management services, and deposit services. The Company also provides ATMs, credit cards, debit cards, safe deposit boxes, and telephone banking, among other products and services.

We have experienced an improved level of profitability for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to the improved profitability of our mortgage-banking operations as well as an improvement in our net interest margin. We recognized increased deposit service charges as a result of fees from medical-use cannabis deposit accounts and saw improvement in our real estate sales commissions from Hyatt Commercial. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized increased revenue from the Title Company, which we acquired in September 2017.

The Company expects to experience similar market conditions during the remainder of 2018, provided interest rates do not increase rapidly. If interest rates increase rapidly, demand for loans may decrease and our interest rate spread could decrease. We will continue to manage loan and deposit pricing against the risks of rising costs of our deposits and borrowings. Interest rates are outside of our control, so we must attempt to balance the pricing and duration of the loan portfolio against the risks of rising costs of our deposits and borrowings. The continued success and attraction of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and vicinity, will also be important to our ability to originate and grow mortgage loans and deposits, as will our continued focus on maintaining a low overhead. If volatility in the market and the economy occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations, access to funds, and the price of our stock could be materially and adversely impacted.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting and financial reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) (“GAAP”) and general practice within the banking industry. Accordingly, preparation of the financial statements requires management to exercise significant judgment or discretion or make significant assumptions and estimates based on the information available that have, or could have, a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets or on income. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of

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the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the periods presented. The accounting policies we view as critical are those relating to the allowance for loan losses (“Allowance”), the valuation of securities, the valuation of real estate acquired through foreclosure, and the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Significant accounting policies are discussed in detail in “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Account Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies as described in the Annual Report. Disclosures regarding the effects of new accounting pronouncements are included in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Results of Operations

Net Income

Three Months Ended September 30

Net income increased $906,000, or 72.0% to $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Basic and diluted income per share were $0.17 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to basic and diluted income per share of $0.10 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in net income reflected improved net interest income, noninterest income, and reductions in the provisions for loan losses and income taxes, partially offset by increased noninterest expense.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Net income increased $2.8 million, or 88.5%, to $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Basic and diluted income per share were $0.47 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to basic and diluted income per share of $0.24 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in net income reflected improved net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by increased noninterest expense, income tax provision, and a lesser reversal of the provision for loan losses.

Net Interest Income

Three Months Ended September 30

Net interest income, which is interest income earned net of interest expense, increased by $1.0 million, or 16.0%, to $7.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Our net interest margin increased from 3.38% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 3.65% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Our net interest spread increased from 3.16% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 3.33% for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Net interest income increased by $3.3 million, or 18.6%, to $21.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $17.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Our net interest margin increased from 3.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 3.63% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our net interest spread increased from 3.04% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 3.34% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Interest Income

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Three Months Ended September 30

Interest income increased by $1.3 million, or 16.0%, to $9.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $8.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in interest income on loans. Average interest-earning assets increased from $743.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to $797.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, due primarily to growth in average loans outstanding. Average loans outstanding increased by $57.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due to increased originations in all loan categories. The average yield on loans held for investment increased from 4.92% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 5.11% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as a result of the increased interest rate environment. Other interest income increased by $256,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due primarily to an increase in the average yield of our interest-bearing deposits during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Average HTM securities decreased by $13.2 million due to securities maturities and repayments from mortgage-backed securities. The proceeds were used to fund the purchase of available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, the average balance of which increased $6.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, and, along with other available funds, the increase in loan originations.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Interest income increased by $3.7 million, or 15.8%, to $27.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $23.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to a $3.5 million increase in interest income on loans. Average interest-earning assets increased from $738.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $783.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, due primarily to growth in average loans outstanding of $59.9 million from increased loan originations. The average yield on loans held for investment increased from 4.81% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 5.06% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as a result of the increased interest rate environment. Other interest income increased by $289,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due primarily to the increase in the average yield of our interest-bearing deposits. Average HTM securities decreased by $10.9 million due to securities maturities and repayments from mortgage-backed securities. The proceeds were used to fund the purchase of AFS securities, the average balance of which increased $6.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, and, along with other available funds, the increase in loan originations.

Interest Expense

Three Months Ended September 30

Interest expense increased by $307,000, or 16.1%, to $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as a result of a $520,000 increase in interest expense on deposits. The increase in deposit interest expense was due to an increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits, driven by a rising rate environment which increased the average rate paid on certificates of deposit from 1.71% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 1.81% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, the average rate paid on checking and savings accounts increased from 0.12% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 0.70% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The average balance of certificates of deposit increased from $214.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to $226.4 million for the same period of 2018 due to a successful marketing campaign. Slightly offsetting the effect of interest-bearing deposit rates was a decrease in the average rate paid on borrowings from 3.13% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 2.49% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which resulted from the paydown of higher rate borrowings. Additionally, average borrowings decreased by $4.6 million to $109.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $113.7 million for the same period of 2017. As a result, interest expense on borrowings decreased $213,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

Nine Months Ended September 30

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Interest expense increased by $414,000, or 7.2%, to $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as a result of a $1.0 million increase in interest expense on deposits. The increase in deposit interest expense was primarily due to an increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits, driven by the rising rate environment which increased the average rate paid on certificates of deposit from 1.43% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 1.68% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, the average rate paid on checking and savings accounts increased from 0.29% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 0.53% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The average balance of certificates of deposit increased from $215.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $224.2 million for the same period of 2018 due to a successful marketing campaign. Slightly offsetting the effect of interest-bearing deposit rates was a decrease in the average rate paid on borrowings from 3.26% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 2.63% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, average borrowings decreased by $2.6 million to $113.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $116.5 million for the same period of 2017. During the latter part of 2017, we paid off higher-costing Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) advances and replaced them with lower-costing advances. As a result, interest expense on borrowings decreased $600,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding the average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the resulting yields on average interest-earning assets and average rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities. Average balances are also provided for noninterest-earning assets and noninterest-bearing liabilities.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018						2017
	Average				Yield/		Average				Yield/
	Balance (1)		Interest (2)		Rate (4)		Balance (1)		Interest (2)		Rate (4)
ASSETS	(dollars in thousands)
Loans	$	678,753	$	8,744	5.11	%	$	621,177	$	7,702	4.92	%
Loans held for sale ("LHFS")		6,337		100	6.26	%		3,117		40	5.09	%
AFS securities		11,867		53	1.77	%		5,853		26	1.76	%
HTM securities		49,040		240	1.94	%		62,249		304	1.94	%
Other interest-earning assets (3)		47,201		360	3.03	%		46,825		106	0.90	%
Restricted stock investments, at cost		4,504		63	5.55	%		4,676		61	5.18	%
Total interest-earning assets		797,702		9,560	4.75	%		743,897		8,239	4.39	%
Allowance		(8,218)						(8,383)
Cash and other noninterest-earning assets		42,969						56,589
Total assets	$	832,453		9,560			$	792,103		8,239

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking and savings	$	283,635		498	0.70	%	$	287,299		89	0.12	%
Certificates of deposit		226,415		1,033	1.81	%		214,282		922	1.71	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		510,050		1,531	1.19	%		501,581		1,011	0.80	%
Borrowings		109,155		684	2.49	%		113,719		897	3.13	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		619,205		2,215	1.42	%		615,300		1,908	1.23	%
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts		115,416						86,437
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		2,206						2,665
Stockholders' equity		95,626						87,701
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	832,453		2,215			$	792,103		1,908
Net interest income/net interest spread			$	7,345	3.33	%			$	6,331	3.16	%
Net interest margin					3.65	%					3.38	%

(1)Nonaccrual loans are included in average loans.

(2)There are no tax equivalency adjustments.

(3)Other interest-earning assets include interest-earning deposits, federal funds sold, and certificates of deposit held for investment.

(4)Annualized.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018						2017
	Average				Yield/		Average				Yield/
	Balance (1)		Interest (2)		Rate (4)		Balance (1)		Interest (2)		Rate (4)
ASSETS	(dollars in thousands)
Loans	$	673,689	$	25,523	5.06	%	$	613,833	$	22,105	4.81	%
Loans held for sale		4,977		208	5.59	%		3,690		162	5.87	%
AFS securities		11,753		156	1.77	%		4,984		71	1.90	%
HTM securities		50,767		764	2.01	%		61,705		856	1.85	%
Other interest-earning assets (3)		37,261		607	2.18	%		49,353		317	0.86	%
Restricted stock investments, at cost		4,705		180	5.11	%		4,791		181	5.05	%
Total interest-earning assets		783,152		27,438	4.68	%		738,356		23,692	4.29	%
Allowance		(8,181)						(8,687)
Cash and other noninterest-earning assets		43,224						61,758
Total assets	$	818,195		27,438			$	791,427		23,692

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking and savings	$	280,739		1,122	0.53	%	$	282,649		618	0.29	%
Certificates of deposit		224,248		2,816	1.68	%		215,499		2,306	1.43	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		504,987		3,938	1.04	%		498,148		2,924	0.78	%
Borrowings		113,929		2,244	2.63	%		116,539		2,844	3.26	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		618,916		6,182	1.34	%		614,687		5,768	1.25	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		108,671						85,928
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		2,224						2,624
Stockholders' equity		88,384						88,188
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	818,195		6,182			$	791,427		5,768
Net interest income/net interest spread			$	21,256	3.34	%			$	17,924	3.04	%
Net interest margin					3.63	%					3.25	%

(1)Nonaccrual loans are included in average loans.

(2)There are no tax equivalency adjustments.

(3)Other interest-earning assets include interest-earning deposits, federal funds sold, and certificates of deposit held for investment.

(4)Annualized.

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The “Rate/Volume Analysis” below indicates the changes in our net interest income as a result of changes in volume and rates. We maintain an asset and liability management policy designed to provide a proper balance between rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities to attempt to optimize interest margins while providing adequate liquidity for our anticipated needs. Changes in interest income and interest expense that result from variances in both volume and rates have been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 vs. 2017
	Due to Variances in						Due to Variances in
	Rate		Volume		Total		Rate		Volume		Total
Interest earned on:	(dollars in thousands)
Loans	$	310	$	732	$	1,042	$	1,187	$	2,231	$	3,418
LHFS		11		49		60		(13)		59		46
AFS securities		1		26		27		(9)		94		85
HTM Securities		8		(72)		(64)		101		(193)		(92)
Other interest-earning assets		253		1		254		429		(139)		290
Restricted stock investments, at cost		14		(12)		2		4		(5)		(1)
Total interest income		597		724		1,321		1,699		2,047		3,746

Interest paid on:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking and savings		417		(8)		409		511		(7)		504
Certificates of deposit		57		54		111		412		98		510
Total interest-bearing deposits		474		46		520		923		91		1,014
Borrowings		(178)		(35)		(213)		(538)		(62)		(600)
Total interest expense		296		11		307		385		29		414
Net interest income	$	301	$	713	$	1,014	$	1,314	$	2,018	$	3,332

Provision for Loan Losses

Our loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk and an Allowance is maintained to absorb losses inherent in our loan portfolio. Credit risk includes, but is not limited to, the potential for borrower default and the failure of collateral to be worth what we determined it was worth at the time of the granting of the loan. We monitor loan delinquencies at least monthly. All loans that are delinquent and all loans within the various categories of our portfolio as a group are evaluated. Management, with the advice and recommendation of the Company’s Board of Directors, estimates an Allowance to be set aside for loan losses. Included in determining the calculation are such factors as historical losses for each loan portfolio, current market value of the loan’s underlying collateral, inherent risk contained within the portfolio after considering the state of the general economy, economic trends, consideration of particular risks inherent in different kinds of lending and consideration of known information that may affect loan collectability.

We recorded a reversal of the provision for loan losses of $300,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. We recorded a reversal of the provision for loan losses of $650,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, none of which was recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2017.

See additional information about the provision for loan losses under “Credit Risk Management and the Allowance” later in this Item.

Noninterest Income

Three Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest income increased by $945,000, or 67.5%, to $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, with increases in most noninterest income categories. Mortgage-banking revenue increased $406,000, or 121.6%, due to an increased volume of loans originated for

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sale in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period of 2017. In 2017, the decision was made to move away from the purchased lead model previously used and instead focus on internally generated leads. We are seeing increased origination volume from the switch in models. Deposit service charges increased $236,000 due primarily to fees associated with medical-use cannabis customer accounts, which we did not have during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Real estate commissions generated more income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to greater sales volume. The Title Company, which we purchased during the third quarter of 2017, generated $316,000 in revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $48,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest income increased by $2.6 million, or 70.3%, to $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, with increases in most noninterest income categories. Mortgage-banking revenue increased $820,000, or 71.3%, due to the increased volume of loans originated as a result of the switch in origination models. Deposit service charges increased $802,000 due primarily to fees associated with medical-use cannabis customer accounts, which we did not have during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Title Company generated $751,000 in revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $48,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Noninterest Expense

Three Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest expense increased $1.5 million, or 27.5%, to $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to increases in compensation and related expenses, advertising, and occupancy expense. Compensation and related expenses increased by $1.4 million, or 41.8%, to $4.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to additional hirings, including staff for the new Lothian branch, as well as increased commission expense that corresponds with our increased loan origination and mortgage-banking volumes. Occupancy expenses increased $62,000 due to expenses related to opening the new Lothian branch. Advertising increased $104,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due to deposit driven marketing campaigns in 2018.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest expense increased $2.7 million, or 16.0%, to $19.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $17.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to increases in compensation and related expenses. Compensation and related expenses increased by $2.6 million, or 24.6%, to $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to annual salary increases, additional hirings, and increased commission expense that corresponds with our increased loan origination and mortgage-banking volumes. Partially offsetting the increase in compensation and related expenses, mortgage leads purchased decreased $234,000 due to the transition away from the purchased lead model.

Income Tax Provision

Three Months Ended September 30

We recorded an income tax provision of $784,000 on net income before income taxes of $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to an income tax provision of $950,000 on net income before income taxes of $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

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Nine months Ended September 30

We recorded a $2.3 million income tax provision on net income before income taxes of $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to an income tax provision of $2.2 million on net income before income taxes of $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017, which lowered the corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Among other things, the Tax Act has significantly lowered our effective tax rate. Our effective tax rate was reduced to 26.6% and 27.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to 43.0% and 40.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Financial Condition

Total assets increased $84.5 million to $889.3 million at September 30, 2018, compared to $804.8 million at December 31, 2017. This increase was primarily due to an increase in loans, which increased $21.6 million, or 3.2%, to $689.7 million at September 30, 2018 from $668.2 million at December 31, 2017, and an increase in cash and cash equivalents from $21.8 million at December 31, 2017 to $91.3 million at September 30, 2018. Total deposits increased $91.9 million, or 15.3%, to $694.2 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $602.2 million at December 31, 2017. Total borrowings decreased by $15.0 million or 16.9%, to $73.5 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $88.5 million at December 31, 2017 due to the paydown of FHLB advances in 2018. During the second quarter of 2018, we converted 437,500 outstanding shares of preferred stock into 437,500 shares of the Company’s common stock. Stockholders’ equity increased $4.8 million to $95.9 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $91.1 million at December 31, 2017.

Securities

We utilize the securities portfolio as part of our overall asset/liability management practices to enhance interest revenue while providing necessary liquidity for the funding of loan growth or deposit withdrawals. We continually monitor the credit risk associated with investments and diversify the risk in the securities portfolios. We held $12.0 million and $10.1 million in securities classified as AFS as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. We held $43.1 million and $54.3 million, respectively, in securities classified as HTM as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Changes in current market conditions, such as interest rates and the economic uncertainties in the mortgage, housing, and banking industries impact the securities market. Quarterly, we review each security in our portfolio to determine the nature of any decline in value and evaluate if any impairment should be classified as other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we determined that no OTTI charges were required.

All of the AFS and HTM securities that are temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2018 are so due to declines in fair values resulting from changes in interest rates or decreased credit/liquidity spreads compared to the time they were purchased. We have the intent to hold these securities to maturity (including those designated as AFS) and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of value. As such, management considers the impairments to be temporary.

Our securities portfolio composition is as follows:


	AFS				HTM
	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	1,975	$	—	$	3,991	$	4,994
U.S. government agency notes		9,975		10,119		12,993		19,004
Mortgage-backed securities		—		—		26,124		30,305
	$	11,950	$	10,119	$	43,108	$	54,303

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LHFS

We originate residential mortgage loans for sale on the secondary market. Such LHFS, which are carried at fair value, amounted to $9.0 million at September 30, 2018 and $4.5 million at December 31, 2017, the majority of which are subject to purchase commitments from investors. LHFS increased by $4.5 million, or 99.2%, compared to December 31, 2017, primarily due to a higher origination volume and the timing of loans pending sale on the secondary market.

Loans

Our loan portfolio is expected to produce higher yields than investment securities and other interest-earning assets; the absolute volume and mix of loans and the volume and mix of loans as a percentage of total interest-earning assets is an important determinant of our net interest margin.

The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio:


	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
			Percent				Percent
	Amount		of Total		Amount		of Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgage	$	285,470	41.4	%	$	285,819	42.8	%
Commercial		43,180	6.3	%		37,356	5.6	%
Commercial real estate		234,830	34.0	%		235,129	35.2	%
Land acquisition, development, and construction ("ADC")		112,994	16.4	%		93,060	13.9	%
Home equity/2nds		12,173	1.8	%		15,703	2.3	%
Consumer		1,065	0.1	%		1,084	0.2	%
	$	689,712	100.0	%	$	668,151	100.0	%

Loans increased by $21.6 million, or 3.2%, to $689.7 million at September 30, 2018, compared to $668.2 million at December 31, 2017. This increase was due to increased demand and originations of Commercial and ADC loans.

Credit Risk Management and the Allowance

Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower to meet his or her obligations and entails both general risks, which are inherent in the process of lending, and risks specific to individual borrowers. Our credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type.

We manage credit risk by evaluating the risk profile of the borrower, repayment sources, the nature of the underlying collateral, and other support given current events, conditions, and expectations. We attempt to manage the risk characteristics of our loan portfolio through various control processes, such as credit evaluation of borrowers, establishment of lending limits, and application of lending procedures, including the holding of adequate collateral and the maintenance of compensating balances. However, we seek to rely primarily on the cash flow of our borrowers as the principal source of repayment. Although credit policies and evaluation processes are designed to minimize our risk, management recognizes that loan losses will occur and the amount of these losses will fluctuate depending on the risk characteristics of our loan portfolio, as well as general and regional economic conditions.

Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the Allowance that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Our Allowance methodology employs management’s assessment as to the level of future losses on existing loans based on our internal review of the loan portfolio, including an analysis of the borrowers’ current financial position, and the consideration of current and anticipated economic conditions and their potential effects on specific borrowers and/or lines of business. In determining our ability to collect certain loans, we also consider the fair value of any underlying collateral. In addition, we evaluate credit risk concentrations, including trends in large dollar exposures to related borrowers, industry and geographic concentrations, and economic and environmental factors. Our risk management practices are designed to ensure timely identification of changes in loan risk profiles; however, undetected losses may inherently exist within the loan portfolio. The assessment aspects involved in analyzing the quality of individual loans and assessing collateral values can also contribute to undetected, but probable, losses. For more detailed information about our Allowance methodology and risk rating system, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The following table summarizes the activity in our Allowance by portfolio segment:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance, beginning of year	$	8,257		$	7,718		$	8,055		$	8,969
Charge-offs:
Residential mortgage		(148)			—			(508)			(707)
Commercial		—			—			—			—
Commercial real estate		—			—			—			—
ADC		(6)			—			(19)			—
Home equity/2nds		—			—			—			(98)
Consumer		—			—			—			—
Total charge-offs		(154)			—			(527)			(805)
Recoveries:
Residential mortgage		3			156			225			295
Commercial		—			—			—			—
Commercial real estate		31			40			364			100
ADC		—			—			—			—
Home equity/2nds		219			22			239			27
Consumer		—			—			—			—
Total recoveries		253			218			828			422
Net recoveries (charge offs)		99			218			301			(383)
Reversal of provision for loan losses		(300)			—			(300)			(650)
Allowance, end of period	$	8,056		$	7,936		$	8,056		$	7,936
Loans:
Period-end balance	$	689,712		$	650,964		$	689,712		$	650,964
Average balance during period		678,753			621,177			673,689			613,833
Allowance as a percentage of
period-end loan balance		1.17	%		1.22	%		1.17	%		1.22	%
Percent of average loans (annualized):
Reversal of provision for loan losses		0.18	%		—	%		0.06	%		0.14	%
Net recoveries (charge offs )		0.06	%		0.14	%		0.06	%		(0.08)	%

The following table summarizes our allocation of the Allowance by loan segment:


	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
					Percent						Percent
					of Loans						of Loans
			Percent		to Total				Percent		to Total
	Amount		of Total		Loans		Amount		of Total		Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	3,021	37.5	%	41.4	%	$	3,099	38.5	%	42.8	%
Commercial		633	7.9	%	6.3	%		527	6.5	%	5.6	%
Commercial real estate		2,632	32.7	%	34.0	%		2,805	34.8	%	35.2	%
ADC		1,560	19.4	%	16.4	%		1,236	15.4	%	13.9	%
Home equity/2nds		181	2.2	%	1.8	%		386	4.8	%	2.3	%
Consumer		1	—	%	0.1	%		2	—	%	0.2	%
Unallocated		28	0.3	%	—	%		—	—	%	—	%
Total	$	8,056	100.0	%	100.0	%	$	8,055	100.0	%	100.0	%

Based upon management’s evaluation, provisions are made to maintain the Allowance as a best estimate of inherent losses within the portfolio. The Allowance totaled $8.1 million at both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Any changes in the Allowance from period to period reflect management’s ongoing application of its methodologies to establish the Allowance, which, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, resulted in increased allocated Allowances for commercial and ADC loans, with the other categories resulting in decreased or relatively stable allocated Allowances. The

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changes in the Allowances for the respective loan segments were a function of the changes in the corresponding loan balances and asset quality.

As result of our Allowance analysis, we recorded $300,000 in reversals of the provision for loan losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. We recorded $650,000 in reversals of provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, all of which occurred prior to the third quarter of 2017. We recorded net recoveries of $99,000 and $301,000, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. We recorded net recoveries of $218,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and net charge-offs of $383,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, annualized net recoveries as a percentage of average loans outstanding amounted to 0.06% compared to annualized net recoveries as a percentage of average loans outstanding of 0.14% during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans outstanding of 0.08% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Allowance as a percentage of outstanding loans was 1.17% as of September 30, 2018 compared to 1.21% as of December 31, 2017.

Although management uses available information to establish the appropriate level of the Allowance, future additions or reductions to the Allowance may be necessary based on estimates that are susceptible to change as a result of changes in economic conditions, and other factors. As a result, our Allowance may not be sufficient to cover actual loan losses, and future provisions for loan losses could materially adversely affect our operating results. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our Allowance and related methodology. Such agencies may require us to recognize adjustments to the Allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Management believes the Allowance is adequate as of September 30, 2018 and is sufficient to address the credit losses inherent in the current loan portfolio.

Nonperforming Assets (“NPAs”)

Given the volatility of the real estate market, it is very important for us to have current valuations on our NPAs. Generally, we obtain appraisals or alternative valuations on NPAs annually. In addition, as part of our asset monitoring activities, we maintain a Loss Mitigation Committee that meets monthly. During these Loss Mitigation Committee meetings, all NPAs and loan delinquencies are reviewed. We also produce an NPA report which is distributed monthly to senior management and is also discussed and reviewed at the Loss Mitigation Committee meetings. This report contains all relevant data on the NPAs, including the latest appraised value (or alternative valuation vehicle) and valuation date. Accordingly, these reports identify which assets will require an updated valuation. As a result, we have not experienced any internal delays in identifying which loans/credits require updated valuations. With respect to the ordering process of appraisals, we have not experienced any delays in turnaround time nor has this been an issue over the past three years. Furthermore, we have not had any delays in turnaround time or variances thereof in our specific loan operating markets.

NPAs, expressed as a percentage of total assets, totaled 0.68% at September 30, 2018 and 0.76% at December 31, 2017. The ratio of the Allowance to nonperforming loans was 140.6% at September 30, 2018 and 141.1% at December 31, 2017.

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The distribution of our NPAs is illustrated in the following table. We did not have any loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.


	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Nonaccrual Loans:	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	3,784	$	3,891
Commercial		—		78
Commercial real estate		476		159
ADC		923		314
Home equity/2nds		548		1,268
Consumer		—		—
		5,731		5,710
Real Estate Acquired Through Foreclosure:
Residential mortgage		—		—
Commercial		—		—
Commercial real estate		—		—
ADC		171		187
Home equity/2nds		114		216
Consumer		—		—
		285		403
Total Nonperforming Assets	$	6,016	$	6,113

Nonaccrual loans totaled $5.7 million, or 0.83% of total loans, at September 30, 2018 and $5.7 million, or 0.85% of total loans at December 31, 2017. Significant activity in nonaccrual loans includes additions of $2.6 million in loans to nonaccrual status, primarily due to the addition of two loans in the amount of $2.2 million (one residential mortgage and one commercial real estate), and payoffs or sold loans of $1.1 million in nonaccrual loans that existed at December 31, 2017 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Real estate acquired through foreclosure decreased $118,000 to $285,000 at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 due to the sale of two properties held at December 31, 2017.

The activity in our real estate acquired through foreclosure was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	295	$	1,015	$	403	$	973
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of loans		—		188		—		703
Write-downs and losses on real estate acquired through foreclosure		(10)		(99)		(54)		(139)
Proceeds from sales of real estate acquired through foreclosure		—		—		(64)		(433)
Balance at end of period	$	285	$	1,104	$	285	$	1,104

Troubled Debt Restructures (“TDRs”)

In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, management may grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered, the related loan is classified as a TDR.

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The composition of our TDRs is illustrated in the following table:


	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Residential mortgage:	(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual	$	997	$	736
<90 days past due/current		10,031		11,631
Commercial real estate:
Nonaccrual		—		78
<90 days past due/current		1,028		1,862
ADC:
Nonaccrual		—		6
<90 days past due/current		134		137
Consumer:
Nonaccrual		—		—
<90 days past due/current		78		84
Totals:
Nonaccrual		997		820
<90 days past due/current		11,271		13,714
	$	12,268	$	14,534

See additional information on TDRs in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Deposits

Deposits totaled $694.2 million at September 30, 2018 and $602.2 million at December 31, 2017. The $91.9 million increase resulted from a successful marketing campaign during 2018 as well as increased deposit volume related to our medical-use cannabis customers, with the largest increase in noninterest bearing deposits.

The deposit breakdown is as follows:


	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
			Percent				Percent
	Balance		of Total		Balance		of Total
	(dollars in thousands)
NOW	$	136,035	19.6	%	$	63,616	10.6	%
Money market		134,754	19.4	%		103,649	17.2	%
Savings		79,936	11.5	%		98,717	16.4	%
Certificates of deposit		257,200	37.1	%		263,413	43.7	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		607,925	87.6	%		529,395	87.9	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		86,252	12.4	%		72,833	12.1	%
Total deposits	$	694,177	100.0	%	$	602,228	100.0	%

Borrowings

Our borrowings consist of advances from the FHLB and a term loan from a commercial bank.

The FHLB advances are available under a specific collateral pledge and security agreement, which requires that we maintain collateral for all of our borrowings equal to 30% of total assets. Our advances from the FHLB may be in the form of short-term or long-term obligations. Short-term advances have maturities for one year or less and may contain prepayment penalties. Long-term borrowings through the FHLB have original maturities up to 15 years and generally contain prepayment penalties.

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At September 30, 2018, our total credit line with the FHLB was $245.1 million. The Bank, from time to time, utilizes the line of credit when interest rates are more favorable than obtaining deposits from the public. Our outstanding FHLB advance balance at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $70.0 million and $85.0 million, respectively.

On September 30, 2016, we entered into a loan agreement with a commercial bank whereby we borrowed $3.5 million out of an available $7.5 million credit line for a term of 8 years. The unsecured note bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.25% for the first 36 months then, at the option of the Company, converts to either (1) floating rate of the Wall Street Journal Prime plus 50 basis points or (2) fixed rate at two hundred seventy five (275) basis points over the five year amortizing FHLB rate for the remaining five years. Repayment terms are monthly interest only payments for the first 36 months, then quarterly principal payments of $175,000 plus interest. The loan is subject to a prepayment penalty of 1% of the principal amount prepaid during the first 36 months. If we elect the 5 year fixed rate of 275 basis points over the FHLB rate (“FHLB Rate Period”), the loan will be subject to a prepayment penalty of 2% during the first and second years of the FHLB Rate Period and 1% of the principal repaid during the third, fourth, and fifth years of the FHLB Rate Period. We may make additional principal payments from internally generated funds of up to $875,000 per year during any fixed rate period without penalty. There is no prepayment penalty during any floating rate period.

The following table sets forth information concerning the interest rates and maturity dates of the advances from the FHLB as of September 30, 2018:


Principal
Amount (in thousands)		Rate	Maturity
$	35,000	1.55% to 4.00%	2019
	25,000	1.75% to 1.92%	2020
	10,000	2.19%	2022
$	70,000

Subordinated Debentures

As of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had outstanding $20.6 million in principal amount of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, due in 2035 (the “2035 Debentures”). The 2035 Debentures were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated as of December 17, 2004 (the “2035 Indenture”) between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Trustee. The 2035 Debentures pay interest quarterly at a floating rate of interest of 3‑month LIBOR plus 200 basis points, and mature on January 7, 2035. Payments of principal, interest, premium and other amounts under the 2035 Debentures are subordinated and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all senior indebtedness of the Company, as defined in the 2035 Indenture. The 2035 Debentures became redeemable, in whole or in part, by the Company on January 7, 2010.

The 2035 Debentures were issued and sold to Severn Capital Trust I (the “Trust”), of which 100% of the common equity is owned by the Company. The Trust was formed for the purpose of issuing corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable Capital Securities (“Capital Securities”) to third-party investors and using the proceeds from the sale of such Capital Securities to purchase the 2035 Debentures. The 2035 Debentures held by the Trust are the sole assets of the Trust. Distributions on the Capital Securities issued by the Trust are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the interest rate being earned by the Trust on the 2035 Debentures. The Capital Securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the 2035 Debentures. We have entered into an agreement which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantees the Capital Securities subject to the terms of the guarantee.

Under the terms of the 2035 Debentures, we are permitted to defer the payment of interest on the 2035 Debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarterly periods, provided that no event of default has occurred and is continuing. As of September 30, 2018, we were current on all interest due on the 2035 Debentures.

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Capital Resources

Total stockholders’ equity increased $4.8 million to $95.9 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $91.1 million as of December 31, 2017. The increase was principally the result of 2018 net income, partially offset by dividends paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Series A Preferred Stock

On November 15, 2008, the Company completed a private placement offering consisting of a total of 70 units, at an offering price of $100,000 per unit, for gross proceeds of $7.0 million. Each unit consisted of 6,250 shares of the Company’s Series A 8.0% Non-Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock. On March 13, 2018, the Company notified holders of its Series A preferred stock that the Company had exercised its option to convert each of the 437,500 outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock for one share of common stock. The Company converted the Series A preferred stock on April 2, 2018. As of that date, the Series A preferred stock was no longer deemed outstanding, and all rights with respect to such stock have ceased and terminated.

Capital Adequacy

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary, actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings, and other factors. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank exceeded all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject and meets the qualifications to be considered “well capitalized.” See details of our capital ratios in Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity

Liquidity describes our ability to meet financial obligations, including lending commitments and contingencies, which arise during the normal course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers, to fund the operations of our mortgage-banking business, as well as to meet current and planned expenditures. These cash requirements are met on a daily basis through the inflow of deposit funds, the maintenance of short-term overnight investments, maturities and calls in our securities portfolio, and available lines of credit with the FHLB, which requires pledged collateral. Fluctuations in deposit and short-term borrowing balances may be influenced by the interest rates paid, general consumer confidence, and the overall economic environment. There can be no assurances that deposit withdrawals and loan fundings will not exceed all available sources of liquidity on a short-term basis. Such a situation would have an adverse effect on our ability to originate new loans and maintain reasonable loan and deposit interest rates, which would negatively impact earnings.

Our principal sources of liquidity are loan repayments, maturing investments, deposits, borrowed funds, and proceeds from loans sold on the secondary market. The levels of such sources are dependent on the Bank’s operating, financing, and investing activities at any given time. We consider core deposits stable funding sources and include all deposits, except time deposits of $100,000 or more. The Bank’s experience has been that a substantial portion of certificates of deposit renew at time of maturity and remain on deposit with the Bank. Additionally, loan payments, maturities, deposit growth, and earnings contribute to our flow of funds.

In addition to our ability to generate deposits, we have external sources of funds, which may be drawn upon when desired. The primary source of external liquidity is an available line of credit with the FHLB. The Bank’s total credit availability under the FHLB’s credit availability program was $245.1 million at September 30, 2018, of which $70.0 million was outstanding. We also have $7.5 million in credit availability with another financial institution, of which $3.5 million was outstanding at September 30, 2018.

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The borrowing requirements of customers include commitments to extend credit and the unused portion of lines of credit (collectively “commitments”), which totaled $109.5 million at September 30, 2018. Historically, many of the commitments expire without being fully drawn; therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We expect to fund these commitments from the sources of liquidity described above.

Customer withdrawals are also a principal use of liquidity, but are generally mitigated by growth in customer funding sources, such as deposits and short-term borrowings.

In addition to the foregoing, the payment of dividends is a use of cash, but is not expected to have a material effect on liquidity. As of September 30, 2018, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.

Our ability to acquire deposits or borrow could be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a severe disruption of the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole. At September 30, 2018, management considered the Company’s liquidity level to be sufficient for the purposes of meeting our cash flow requirements. We are not aware of any undisclosed known trends, demands, commitments, or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in material changes in our liquidity.

We anticipate that our primary sources of liquidity over the next twelve months will be from loan repayments, maturing investments, deposit growth, and borrowed funds. We believe that these sources of liquidity will be sufficient for us to meet our liquidity needs over the next twelve months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Derivatives

We enter into off-balance sheet arrangements in the normal course of business. These arrangements consist primarily of commitments to extend credit, lines of credit, and letters of credit. In addition, we have certain operating lease obligations.

Credit Commitments

Credit commitments are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition to the contract. Loan commitments generally have interest rates fixed at current market amounts, fixed expiration dates, and may require payment of a fee. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Such lines do not represent future cash requirements because it is unlikely that all customers will draw upon their lines in full at any time. Letters of credit are commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party.

Our exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the borrower is the contract amount of the commitment. Loan commitments, lines of credit, and letters of credit are made on the same terms, including collateral, as outstanding loans. We are not aware of any accounting loss we would incur by funding our commitments.

See detailed information on credit commitments above under “Liquidity.”

Derivatives

We maintain and account for derivatives, in the form of interest-rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”) and mandatory forward contracts, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board guidance on accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. We recognize gains and losses on IRLCs, mandatory forward contracts, and best effort forward contracts on the loan pipeline through mortgage-banking revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

IRLCs on mortgage loans that we intend to sell in the secondary market are considered derivatives. We are exposed to price risk from the time a mortgage loan closes until the time the loan is sold. The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 14 days to 60 days. For these IRLCs, we attempt to protect the Bank from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts and mandatory forward contracts.

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Information pertaining to the carrying amounts of our derivative financial instruments follows:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Notional		Estimated		Notional		Estimated
	Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Asset - IRLCs	$	10,400	$	187	$	1,144	$	22
Asset - Mandatory forward contracts		8,536		71		4,399		13
Asset - Best effort forward contracts		10,400		51		1,144		3

Inflation

The consolidated financial statements and related consolidated financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. and practices within the banking industry which require the measurement of financial condition and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. As a financial institution, virtually all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature and interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. A prolonged period of inflation could cause interest rates, wages, and other costs to increase and could adversely affect our results of operations unless mitigated by a corresponding increase in our revenues. However, we believe that the impact of inflation on our operations was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The principal objective of the Company’s interest rate risk management is to evaluate the interest rate risk included in balance sheet accounts, determine the level of risks appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital and liquidity requirements, and performance objectives, and manage the risk consistent with our interest rate risk management policy. Through this management, we seek to reduce the vulnerability of our operations to changes in interest rates. The Board of Directors of the Company is responsible for reviewing our asset/liability policy and interest rate risk position. The Board of Directors reviews the interest rate risk position on a quarterly basis and, in connection with this review, evaluates the Company’s business activities and strategies, the effect of those strategies on the Company’s net interest margin and the effect that changes in interest rates will have on the loan portfolio. While continuous movement of interest rates is certain, the extent and timing of these movements is not always predictable. Any movement in interest rates has an effect on our profitability. We face the risk that rising interest rates could cause the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, to rise faster than the yield on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments. Our interest rate spread and interest rate margin also may be negatively impacted in a declining interest rate environment even though we generally borrow at short-term interest rates and lend at longer-term interest rates. This is because loans and other interest-earning assets may be prepaid and replaced with lower yielding assets before the supporting interest-bearing liabilities reprice downward. Our interest rate margin may also be negatively impacted in a flat or inverse-yield curve environment. Mortgage origination activity tends to increase when interest rates trend lower and decrease when interest rates rise.

Our primary strategy to control interest rate risk is to strive to balance our loan origination activities with the interest rate market. We attempt to maintain a substantial portion of our loan portfolio in short-term loans such as construction loans. This has proven to be an effective hedge against rapid increases in interest rates as the construction loan portfolio reprices rapidly.

The matching of maturity or repricing of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities may be analyzed by examining the extent to which these assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive and by monitoring the Bank’s interest rate sensitivity gap. An interest-earning asset or interest-bearing liability is interest rate sensitive within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period. The difference between rate sensitive assets and rate sensitive liabilities represents the Bank’s interest sensitivity gap. At September 30, 2018, we had a one-year cumulative negative gap of $14.0 million.

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Exposure to interest rate risk is actively monitored by management. The objective is to maintain a consistent level of profitability within acceptable risk tolerances across a broad range of potential interest rate environments. We use the PROFITstar® model to monitor our exposure to interest rate risk, which calculates changes in the economic value of equity (“EVE”).

The following table represents our EVE as of September 30, 2018:


Change in Rates		Amount		$ Change		% Change
		(dollars in thousands)
+400	bp	$	177,408	$	(38,465)	(0.18)	%
+300	bp		189,719		(26,154)	(0.12)	%
+200	bp		199,668		(16,205)	(0.08)	%
+100	bp		208,200		(7,673)	(0.04)	%
0	bp		215,873
(100)	bp		210,926		(4,947)	(0.02)	%
(200)	bp		197,307		(18,566)	(0.09)	%

The preceding income simulation analysis does not represent a forecast of actual results and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions, which are subject to change, including: the nature and timing of interest rate levels including the yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows, and others. Also, as market conditions vary, prepayment/refinancing levels, the varying impact of interest rate changes on caps and floors embedded in adjustable-rate loans, early withdrawal of deposits, changes in product preferences, and other internal/external variables will likely deviate from those assumed.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), evaluated, as of the last day of the period covered by this report, the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a‑15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a‑15 under the Securities Act of 1934) during the three months ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, we are party to litigation arising from the banking, financial, and other activities we conduct. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising from these matters will have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results, or liquidity as of September 30, 2018.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risks and uncertainties to which our financial condition and operations are subject are discussed in detail in Item 1A of Part I of the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of Severn Bancorp for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material change in our risk factors since the filing of our December 31, 2017 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		The following financial statements from the Severn Bancorp, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q as of September 30, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Accumulated Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		The following financial statements from the Severn Bancorp, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q as of September 30, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Accumulated Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	SEVERN BANCORP, INC.

November 14, 2018	/s/ Alan J. Hyatt
	Alan J. Hyatt, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

November 14, 2018	/s/ Paul B. Susie
	Paul B. Susie, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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