UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 15, 2014

MELA Sciences, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (914) 591-3783

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instructions A.2. below):

Item 5.07 — Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

The 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of MELA Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) was held on May 15, 2014.

The Company’s stockholders voted on five proposals as follows: to elect directors for the ensuing year (“Proposal 1”); to approve an amendment to the Company’s Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation increasing the number of authorized shares of common stock from 95,000,000 to 150,000,000, subject to the Board of Directors’ authority to abandon such amendment (“Proposal 2”); to approve an amendment to the Company’s Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to (A) effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a specific ratio within a range from 1-for-6 to 1-for-10, and to grant authorization to the Board of Directors to determine, at its discretion, the timing and the specific ratio of the reverse stock split; and (B) change the number of authorized shares of common stock to 50 million, subject to the Board of Directors’ authority to abandon such amendment (“Proposal 3”); to cast an advisory vote on a non-binding resolution to approve the compensation of the Company’s executive officers (“Proposal 4”); and to ratify the selection by the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors of EisnerAmper LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2014 (“Proposal 5”).

All nominees for election to the Board of Directors were elected to serve until the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until their respective successors are elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal. The stockholders also approved Proposals 2, 3 and 4 and ratified Proposal 5. The number of votes cast for, against or withheld and the number of abstentions and broker non-votes with respect to each proposal is set forth below.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.