1.

EXERCISE OF WARRANT.

(a)

Mechanics of Exercise.  Subject to the terms and conditions hereof (including, without limitation, the limitations set forth in Section 1(e)), this Warrant may be exercised by the Holder on any day on or after the date hereof to and including the Expiration Date, in whole or in part, by (i) delivery of a properly completed and executed written notice, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Exercise Notice”), of the Holder’s election to exercise this Warrant and (ii) (A) payment to the Company of an amount equal to the applicable Exercise Price multiplied by the number of Warrant Shares as to which this Warrant is being exercised (the “Aggregate Exercise Price”) in cash or by wire transfer of immediately available funds or (B) by notifying the Company that this Warrant is being exercised pursuant to a Cashless Exercise (as defined in Section 1(d)).  At 5:30 P.M., New York City time, on the Expiration Date, the portion of this Warrant not exercised prior thereto shall be and become void and of no value.  The Holder shall not be required to deliver the original Warrant in order to effect an exercise hereunder.  Execution and delivery of the Exercise Notice with respect to less than all of the Warrant Shares shall have the same effect as cancellation of the original Warrant and issuance of a new Warrant evidencing the right to purchase the remaining number of Warrant Shares.  On or before the second (2nd) Business Day following the date on which the Company has received each of the Exercise Notice and the Aggregate Exercise Price (or notice of a Cashless Exercise) (the “Exercise Delivery Documents”), the Company shall transmit by facsimile an acknowledgment of confirmation of receipt of the Exercise Delivery Documents to the Holder and the Company’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”).  On or before the second (2nd) Business Day following the date on which the Company has received all of the Exercise Delivery Documents, the Company shall (X) provided that the Transfer Agent is participating in The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program and the Warrant Shares may be issued without any restrictive legends, upon the request of the Holder, credit such aggregate number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission system, or (Y) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program or the Warrant Shares are required to bear a restrictive legend, issue and dispatch by overnight courier to the address as specified in the Exercise Notice a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise, which certificate shall (if required) bear the legend set forth in Exhibit B hereto.  Upon delivery of the Exercise Delivery Documents, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date such Warrant Shares are credited to the Holder’s DTC account or the date of delivery of the certificates evidencing such Warrant Shares, as the case may be.  If this Warrant is submitted in connection with any exercise pursuant to this Section 1(a) and the aggregate number of Warrant Shares represented by this Warrant at the time this Warrant submitted for exercise is greater than the number of Warrant Shares being acquired upon such exercise, then the Company shall as soon as practicable, and in no event later than five (5) Business Days after any exercise and at its own expense, issue a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 6(d)) representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares purchasable immediately prior to such exercise under this Warrant, less the number of Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant is then exercised.  No fractional shares of Common Stock are to be issued upon the exercise of this

Warrant, but rather the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number.  The Company shall pay any and all taxes (other than taxes based upon the income of the Holder) which may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant. 

2.

   ADJUSTMENT OF EXERCISE PRICE AND NUMBER OF WARRANT SHARES.  The Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares shall be adjusted from time to time as follows:

(a)

Adjustment upon Subdivision or Combination of Common Stock.  If the Company at any time on or after the Purchase Date subdivides (by any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or otherwise) its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced and the number of Warrant Shares will be proportionately increased.  If the Company at any time on or after the Purchase Date combines (by combination, reverse stock split or otherwise) its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately increased and the number of Warrant Shares will be proportionately decreased.  Any adjustment under this Section 2(a) shall become effective at the close of business on the date the subdivision or combination becomes effective.

(b)

Pro Rata Distributions.  If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, distributes to all holders of Common Stock for no consideration (i) evidences of its indebtedness, (ii) any security (other than a distribution of Common Stock covered by the preceding paragraph) or (iii) rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any security, or (iv) any other asset, including cash (in each case, “Distributed Property”), then, upon any exercise of this Warrant that occurs after the record date fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution, the Holder shall be entitled to receive, in addition to the Warrant Shares otherwise issuable upon such exercise (if applicable), the Distributed Property that such Holder would have been entitled to receive in respect of such number of Warrant Shares had the Holder been the record holder of such Warrant Shares immediately prior to such record date.

(c)

De Minimis Adjustments.  No adjustment in the Exercise Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least $0.01 in such price, provided, however, that any adjustment which by reason of this Section 2(c) is not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustments under this Section 2.  All calculations under this Section 2 shall be made by the Company in good faith and shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one hundredth of a share, as applicable.  No adjustment need be made for a change in the par value or no par value of the Company’s Common Stock.

(d)

Voluntary Adjustment By Company.  The Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors of the Company.

3.

PURCHASE RIGHTS; FUNDAMENTAL TRANSACTIONS. 

(a)

Purchase Rights.  In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 2 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.

(b)

Effect of Reclassification, Consolidation, Merger or Sale.
   

(1)

Upon the occurrence of a Merger Event (as defined below) as a result of which the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive cash, securities or other property or assets with respect to or in exchange for such Common Stock, then at the effective time of the Merger Event, the right to exercise this Warrant will be changed into a right to exercise this Warrant into the type and amount of shares of stock, other securities or other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof) that a holder of a number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to such Merger Event would have owned or been entitled to receive (the “Reference Property”) upon such Merger Event. If the Merger Event causes the Common Stock to be converted into, or exchanged for, the right to receive more than a single type of consideration (determined based in part upon any form of stockholder election), the Reference Property to be received upon exercise will be deemed to be the weighted average of the types and amounts of Reference Property to be received by the holders of Common Stock that affirmatively make such election.  The terms of any agreement pursuant to which a Merger Event is effected shall include terms requiring the Successor Entity (and, if an entity different from the successor or surviving entity, the entity whose capital stock or assets the holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive as a result of such Merger Event) to comply with the provisions of this Section 3(b)(1) and ensuring that the Warrant (or any such replacement security) will be similarly adjusted in accordance with Sections 2 and 3 hereof upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Merger Event.  If the Company consummates a Merger Event, the Company shall promptly provide notice to the Holder briefly describing the Merger Event and stating the type or amount of cash, securities, property or other assets that will comprise the Reference Property after any such Merger Event and any adjustment to be made with respect thereto.

(2)

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3(b)(1) of this Warrant, in the event of the consummation of a Merger Event that is (A) an all-cash transaction, (B) a “Rule 13e-3 transaction” as defined in Rule 13e-3 under the Exchange Act or (C) a Merger

Event involving a person or entity whose securities are not traded on an Eligible Market, at the request of the Holder delivered at any time commencing on the earliest to occur of (x) the public disclosure of the Merger Event or (y) the consummation of the Merger Event, through the date that is ninety (90) days after the public disclosure of the consummation of such Merger Event by the Company pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC, the Company or the Successor Entity (as the case may be) shall purchase this Warrant from the Holder on the later of (i) the date of consummation of the Merger Event and (ii) the fifth Trading Day following the date of such request, in each case by paying to the Holder cash in an amount equal to the Black Scholes Value.

(3)

The above provisions of this Section 3(b) shall similarly apply to successive Merger Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant.

(A)

“Black Scholes Value” means the value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant remaining on the date of the Holder’s request pursuant to Section 3(b)(2) of this Warrant, which value is calculated using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg utilizing (i) an underlying price per share equal to the greater of (1) the highest Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the earlier to occur of (x) the public disclosure of the applicable Merger Event or (y) the consummation of the applicable Merger Event and ending on the Trading Day of the consummation of the Merger Event and (2) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash in the applicable Merger Event (if any) plus the value of the non-cash consideration being offered in the applicable Merger Event (if any), (ii) a strike price equal to the Exercise Price in effect on the date of the Holder’s request pursuant to Section 3(b)(2) of this Warrant, (iii) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the greater of (1) the remaining term of this Warrant as of the date of the Holder’s request pursuant to Section 3(b)(2) of this Warrant and (2) the remaining term of this Warrant as of the date of consummation of the applicable Merger Event and (iv) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public disclosure of the applicable Merger Event.

(B)

“Merger Event” means the occurrence of any of the following: (i) any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value, or as a result of a split, subdivision or combination covered by Section 2(a) of this Warrant), (ii) any consolidation or merger with another Person (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation), (iii) sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, (iv) a binding share exchange which reclassifies or changes the outstanding shares of Common Stock, (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, consummates a stock purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person whereby such other

Person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination) or (vi) any transaction which results in any “person” or “group” (as these terms are used for purposes of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) becoming the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Common Stock.

(C)

“Parent Entity” of a Person means an entity that, directly or indirectly, controls the applicable Person and whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed on an Eligible Market, or, if there is more than one such Person or Parent Entity, the Person or Parent Entity with the largest public market capitalization as of the date of consummation of the Merger Event.

(D)

“Successor Entity” means the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) formed by, resulting from or surviving any Merger Event or the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) with which such Merger Event shall have been entered into.

4.

PROVISIONS AS TO SHARES.  The Company (i) shall not increase the par value of any shares of Common Stock receivable upon the exercise of this Warrant above the Exercise Price then in effect and (ii) shall take all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of this Warrant.

5.

WARRANT HOLDER NOT DEEMED A STOCKHOLDER.  Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the Holder, solely in such Person’s capacity as a holder of this Warrant, shall not be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of share capital of the Company for any purpose, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant be construed to confer upon the Holder, solely in such Person’s capacity as the Holder of this Warrant, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of stock, reclassification of stock, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise), receive notice of meetings, receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, prior to the issuance to the Holder of the Warrant Shares which such Person is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of this Warrant.  In addition, nothing contained in this Warrant shall be construed as imposing any liabilities on the Holder to purchase any securities (upon exercise of this Warrant or otherwise) or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liabilities are asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.  Notwithstanding this Section 5, the Company shall provide the Holder with copies of the same notices and other information given to the shareholders of the Company generally, contemporaneously with the giving thereof to the shareholders.

6.

REISSUANCE OF WARRANTS.

(a)

Transfer of Warrant.  If this Warrant is to be transferred, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company, together with a written assignment of this Warrant duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer, if any, whereupon the Company will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 6(d)), registered as the Holder may request, representing the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares being transferred by the Holder and, if less than the total number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant is being transferred, a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 6(d)) to the Holder representing the right to purchase the balance of the number of Warrant Shares not being transferred.

(b)

Lost, Stolen or Mutilated Warrant.  Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant, and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of any indemnification undertaking by the Holder to the Company reasonably satisfactory to the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Warrant, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Holder a new Warrant (in accordance with Section 6(d)) representing the right to purchase the Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant.

(c)

Exchangeable for Multiple Warrants.  This Warrant is exchangeable, upon the surrender hereof by the Holder at the principal office of the Company, for a new Warrant or Warrants (in accordance with Section 6(d)) representing in the aggregate the right to purchase the number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant, and each such new Warrant will represent the right to purchase such portion of such Warrant Shares as is designated in writing by the Holder at the time of such surrender; provided, however, that no Warrants for fractional shares of Common Stock shall be given.

(d)

Issuance of New Warrants.  Whenever the Company is required to issue a new Warrant pursuant to the terms of this Warrant, such new Warrant (i) shall be of like tenor with this Warrant, (ii) shall represent, as indicated on the face of such new Warrant, the right to purchase the Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant (or in the case of a new Warrant being issued pursuant to Section 6(a) or Section 6(c), the Warrant Shares designated by the Holder which, when added to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the other new Warrants issued in connection with such issuance, does not exceed the number of Warrant Shares then underlying this Warrant), (iii) shall have an issuance date, as indicated on the face of such new Warrant which is the same as the Issuance Date, and (iv) shall have the same rights and conditions as this Warrant.

7.

NOTICES.  Whenever notice is required or permitted to be given under this Warrant, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given in accordance with Section 6.1 of the Purchase Agreement.  The Company shall provide the Holder with prompt written notice of all actions taken pursuant to this Warrant, including in reasonable detail a description of such action and the reason therefor.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will give written notice to the Holder (i) promptly upon any adjustment of the Exercise Price, setting forth in reasonable detail the calculation of such adjustment, and (ii) at least fifteen days prior to the date on which the Company closes its books or takes a record (A) with respect to any dividend or distribution upon the shares of Common Stock, or (B) for determining rights to

vote with respect to any Merger Event, dissolution or liquidation, provided in each case that such information shall be made known to the public prior to or in conjunction with such notice being provided to the Holder.

(a)

“Bloomberg” means Bloomberg Financial Markets.

(b)

“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York or Oakland, California are authorized or required by law to remain closed.

(c)

“Closing Bid Price” and “Closing Sale Price” means, for any security as of any date, the last closing bid price and last closing trade price, respectively, for such security on the Principal Market, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market begins to operate on an extended hours basis and does not designate the closing bid price or the closing trade price, as the case may be, then the last bid price or last trade price, respectively, of

such security prior to 4:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal securities exchange or trading market for such security, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is listed or traded as reported by Bloomberg, or if the foregoing do not apply, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the average of the bid prices, or the ask prices, respectively, of any market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by Pink Sheets LLC (or any such similar service).  If the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price, as the case may be, of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder.  If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved pursuant to Section 12.  All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period.

(d)

“Common Stock” means (i) the Company’s shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and (ii) any share capital into which such Common Stock shall have been changed or any share capital resulting from a reclassification of such Common Stock.

(e)

“Convertible Securities” means any stock or securities (other than Options) directly or indirectly convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock.

(f)

“Dollar”, “US Dollar” and “$” each mean the lawful money of the United States.

(g)

“Eligible Market” means the Principal Market, The New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the American Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market, The NASDAQ Global Market, The NASDAQ Capital Market or the OTC Markets Group Inc.

(h)

“Expiration Date” means the date that is 36 months after the Closing Date or, if such date falls on a day other than a Business Day or on which trading does not take place on the Principal Market (a “Holiday”), the next date that is not a Holiday.

(i)

“Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

(j)

“Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity and a government or any department or agency thereof.

(k)

“Principal Market” means OTC Markets Group Inc.

(l)

“Reference Property” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b).

(m)

“Trading Day” means any day on which the Common Stock is traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock is then traded; provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Common Stock is scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Common Stock is suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the

closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00 p.m., New York time).

(n)

“Weighted Average Price” means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time, as reported by Bloomberg through its “Volume at Price” function or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in the “pink sheets” by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.).  If the Weighted Average Price cannot be calculated for such security on such date on any of the foregoing bases, the Weighted Average Price of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder.  If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of the such security, then such dispute shall be resolved pursuant to Section 12 with the term “Weighted Average Price” being substituted for the term “Exercise Price.” All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any share dividend, share split or other similar transaction during such period.

By:________________________________________

Name:

Title: