Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). [X] Yes  [   ] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). [   ] Yes  [X] No

As of May 6, 2021, there were 52,892,713 shares of the registrant’s $0.001 par value common stock issued and outstanding.

1

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Use of Terms

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references in this Report to “Company,” “VolitionRx,” “Volition,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are references to VolitionRx Limited and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Singapore Volition Pte. Limited, Belgian Volition SRL, Volition Diagnostics UK Limited, Volition America, Inc., Volition Germany GmbH, and its majority-owned subsidiary Volition Veterinary Diagnostics Development LLC. Additionally, unless otherwise specified, all references to “$” refer to the legal currency of the United States of America.

Nucleosomics^TM and Nu.Q^® and their respective logos are trademarks and/or service marks of VolitionRx and its subsidiaries. All other trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this Report are the property of their respective owners.

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 

3

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except share numbers)

4

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except share numbers)

5

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except share numbers)

6

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Expressed in United States Dollars)

7

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The interim consolidated financial statements of VolitionRx Limited (the “Company”, "VolitionRx," "we" or "us") for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively, are not audited. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with the requirements for unaudited interim periods and, consequently, do not include all disclosures required to be made in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of our management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position as of March 31, 2021, and our results of operations and cash flows for the periods ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The results of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively, are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full-year period. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 22, 2021.

Use of Estimates

The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations could be affected.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2021 include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company has one wholly owned subsidiary, Singapore Volition Pte. Limited (“Singapore Volition”). Singapore Volition has one wholly owned subsidiary, Belgian Volition SRL (“Belgian Volition”).  Belgian Volition has four subsidiaries, Volition Diagnostics UK Limited (“Volition Diagnostics”), Volition America, Inc. (“Volition America”), Volition Germany GmbH (“Volition Germany”), and its one majority-owned subsidiary Volition Veterinary Diagnostics Development LLC (“Volition Vet”). See Note 8(f) for more information regarding Volition Vet and Volition Germany. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers interest bearing deposits with original maturity dates of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests excess cash from its operating cash accounts in overnight investments and reflects these amounts in cash and cash equivalents in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. As of March 31, 2021, cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately $33.1 million, of which $20.2 million was held in an overnight money market account.

8

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Accounts Receivables

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect. Due to the nature of the accounts receivable balance, the Company believes the risk of doubtful accounts is minimal and therefore no allowance is recorded. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required.  The Company may provide for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2021, the accounts receivable balance was $14,238 and the allowance for doubtful debts was $nil.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates product revenues from the sale of its Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Screening Test, from the sale of nucleosomes, and from the sale of Research Use Only kits pursuant to its license agreement with Active Motif, Inc. (“Active Motif”) from which the Company receives royalties. In addition, revenue is received from external third parties for services the Company performs for them in its laboratory.

Revenues, and their respective treatment for financial reporting purposes under ASC 606, are as follows:

Royalty

The Company receives royalty revenues on the net sales recognized during the period in which the revenue is earned, and the amount is determinable from the licensee. These are presented in “Royalty” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.  The Company does not have future performance obligations under this revenue stream. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company records these revenues based on estimates of the net sales that occurred during the relevant period from the licensee. The relevant period estimates of these royalties are based on preliminary gross sales data provided by Active Motif and analysis of historical gross-to-net adjustments. Differences between actual and estimated royalty revenues are adjusted for in the period in which they become known.

Product

The Company includes revenue from product sales recognized during the period in which goods are shipped to third parties, and the amount is deemed collectable from the third parties. These are presented in “Product” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

9

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Services

The Company includes revenue recognized from laboratory services performed in the Company’s laboratory on behalf of third parties in “Services” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

For each development and/or commercialization agreement that results in revenues, the Company identifies all performance obligations, aside from those that are immaterial, which may include a license to intellectual property and know-how, development activities and/or transition activities. In order to determine the transaction price, in addition to any upfront payment, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration at the outset of the contract either utilizing the expected value or most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract. The Company constrains (reduces) the estimates of variable consideration such that it is probable that a significant reversal of previously recognized revenue will not occur throughout the life of the contract. When determining if variable consideration should be constrained, management considers whether there are factors outside the Company’s control that could result in a significant reversal of revenue. In making these assessments, the Company considers the likelihood and magnitude of a potential reversal of revenue. These estimates are re-assessed each reporting period as required.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The Company computes net loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” which requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. As of March 31, 2021, 4,568,485 potential common shares equivalents from warrants, options, and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) were excluded from the diluted EPS calculations as their effect is anti-dilutive.

Reclassification

Certain amounts presented in previously issued financial statements have been reclassified to be consistent with the current period presentation. The Company has reclassified the prior period comparative amounts in the statement of stockholders’ equity and cash flows to be consistent with the current year classification.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. The Company does not believe there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

10

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

COVID-19 Pandemic Impact

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization designated the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus known as COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Governments and businesses around the world have taken unprecedented actions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including, but not limited to, implementing shelter-in-place orders, significant restrictions on travel, as well as restrictions and guidelines that prohibit many employees from going to work. Uncertainty with respect to the economic impacts of the pandemic has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets. The Company did not observe significant impacts on its business or results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 due to the global emergence of COVID-19. While the extent to which COVID-19 impacts the Company’s future results will depend on future developments, the pandemic and associated economic impacts could result in a material impact to the Company’s future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Note 2 - Going Concern

The future of the Company as an operating business will depend on its ability to obtain sufficient capital contributions, financing and/or to generate revenues as may be required to sustain its operations. Management plans to address the above as needed by (a) securing additional grant funds, (b) obtaining additional financing through debt or equity transactions, (c) granting licenses to third parties in exchange for specified up-front and/or back-end payments and (d) developing and commercializing its products on an accelerated timeline. Management continues to exercise tight cost controls to conserve cash.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully accomplish the plans described in the preceding paragraph and eventually attain profitable operations. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations.

11

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 3 - Property and Equipment

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $204,049 and $158,768, respectively, in depreciation expense.

12

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 4 - Intangible Assets

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $23,293 and $21,420, respectively, in amortization expense.

The Company amortizes the patents on a straight-line basis with terms ranging from eight to 20 years. The annual estimated amortization schedule over the next five years is as follows:

The Company periodically reviews its long-lived assets to ensure that their carrying value does not exceed their fair market value. The Company carried out such a review in accordance with ASC 360 Topic “Property, Plant and Equipment” as of December 31, 2020. The result of this review confirmed that the ongoing value of the patents was not impaired as of December 31, 2020.

See Note 6 for common stock issued to related parties and Note 7 for stock options, warrants and RSUs issued to related parties. The Company has agreements with related parties for the purchase of products and consultancy services which are accrued under management and directors’ fees payable (see condensed consolidated balance sheets).

13

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 6 - Common Stock

Stock Option Exercises and RSU Settlements

From January 13, 2021 to March 19, 2021, 7,634 stock options were exercised to purchase shares of common stock at $3.35 per share in cashless exercises that resulted in the issuance of 948 shares of common stock.

On January 20, 2021, 5,000 RSUs were settled net of tax withholdings at $4.10 per share that resulted in the issuance of 3,000 shares of common stock.

On February 2, 2021, 20,000 stock options were exercised to purchase shares of common stock at $3.80 per share in a cashless exercise that resulted in the issuance of 6,181 shares of common stock.

On February 8, 2021, 100,000 stock options were exercised to purchase shares of common stock at $5.00 per share in a cashless exercise that resulted in the issuance of 19,446 shares of common stock.

From February 8, 2021 to February 9, 2021, 100,000 stock options were exercised to purchase shares of common stock at $4.00 per share in cashless exercises that resulted in the issuance of 32,126 shares of common stock.

On February 8, 2021, 50,000 stock options were exercised to purchase shares of common stock at $3.25 per share in a cashless exercise that resulted in the issuance of 18,750 shares of common stock.

Equity Capital Raise

On February 10, 2021, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the “Underwriter”) in connection with an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) of 3,809,524 shares (the “Firm Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock”) pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (declared effective by the SEC on September 28, 2018, File No. 333-227248).  The Underwriter purchased the Firm Shares from the Company at a price of $4.9533 per share on February 12, 2021.  The net proceeds received by the Company for the sale and issuance of the Firm Shares were approximately $18.9 million. Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the Underwriter an option, exercisable for 30 days, to purchase up to an additional 571,428 shares of Common Stock (the “Option Shares”) at the same price per share as the Firm Shares which option was not exercised.

Equity Distribution Agreements

14

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 6 - Common Stock (continued)

On September 7, 2018, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (as amended, the “2018 EDA”) with Oppenheimer to sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $10.0 million from time-to-time, through an “at the market offering program” pursuant to the Company’s effective “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 (File No 333-227248) and related prospectuses, through Oppenheimer acting as the Company’s agent and/or principal. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company raised aggregate net proceeds (net of broker’s commissions and fees) of approximately $1.2 million under the 2018 EDA through the sale of 308,609 shares of its common stock. From inception through March 31, 2021, the Company raised aggregate net proceeds (net of broker’s commissions and fees) of approximately $9.7 million under the 2018 EDA through the sale of 2,539,606 shares of its common stock and fully utilized the availability under the 2018 EDA. No further sales will be made under the 2018 EDA.

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding of the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2021:

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company granted warrants to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock to a Company employee for services to the Company. These warrants vest on January 1, 2022 (subject to continued employment through such date) and expire on January 1, 2027, with an exercise price of $3.95 per share. The Company has calculated the estimated fair market value of these warrants at $242,877, using the Black-Scholes model and the following assumptions: term 3.5 years, stock price $3.95, exercise price $3.80, 74.53% volatility, 0.50% risk-free rate, and no forfeiture rate.

Effective February 1, 2021, the Company granted warrants to purchase 185,000 shares of common stock to a Company employee for services to the Company. These warrants vest on February 1, 2022 (subject to continued employment through such date) and expire on February 1, 2027, with an exercise price of $4.90 per share. The Company has calculated the estimated fair market value of these warrants at $459,352, using the Black-Scholes model and the following assumptions: term 3.5 years, stock price $4.90, exercise price $4.80, 75.03% volatility, 0.59% risk-free rate, and no forfeiture rate.

15

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

a)Warrants (continued) 

Below is a table summarizing the warrants issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021, which have an aggregate weighted average remaining contractual life of 4.71 years.

Stock-based compensation expense related to warrants of $148,364 and $27,205 was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested warrants is $592,341 and is expected to be recognized over a period of 0.84 years. As of March 31, 2021, the total intrinsic value of warrants outstanding was $180,250.

b)Options 

The following table summarizes the changes in options outstanding of the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2021:

16

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

b)Options (continued) 

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options of $355,076 and $165,464 was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options is $71,854. As of March 31, 2021, the total intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $489,118.

c)Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) 

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan.

17

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

c)Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) (continued) 

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company granted RSUs of 5,000 shares of common stock to a Company employee in exchange for services provided to the Company. These RSUs vested immediately on January 1, 2021, and resulted in the issuance of 3,000 shares (the remaining 2,000 shares were withheld for taxes and returned as authorized shares under the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan) and total compensation expense of $19,450.

Effective March 25, 2021, the Company granted aggregate RSUs of 30,000 shares of common stock to two non-executive directors in exchange for services provided to the Company. These RSUs vest over two years, with 50% vesting on each of March 25, 2022 and March 25, 2023 and will result in total compensation expense of $107,700.

On March 25, 2021, 15,000 RSUs previously granted to a non-executive director were cancelled and returned as authorized shares under the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan upon the resignation of such director prior to vesting.

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and which have an aggregate weighted average remaining contractual life of 0.88 years.

Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs of $51,902 and $nil was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs is $157,509. As of March 31, 2021, the total intrinsic value of the RSUs outstanding was $19,350.

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

In 2016, the Company entered into a real estate finance lease with ING Asset Finance Belgium S.A. (“ING”) to purchase a property located in Belgium for €1.12 million, maturing in May 2031 with implicit interest of 2.62%. As of March 31, 2021, the balance payable was $612,599.

In 2018, the Company entered into a capital lease with BNP Paribas leasing solutions to purchase a freezer for the Belgium facility for €25,000, maturing in January 2022 with implicit interest of 1.35%. The leased equipment is amortized on a straight-line basis over five years. As of March 31, 2021, the balance payable was $8,826.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

The following is a schedule showing the future minimum lease payments under finance leases by years and the present value of the minimum payments as of March 31, 2021.

b)Operating Lease Right-of-Use Obligations 

As all the existing leases subject to the new lease standard ASC 842 (“Leases”) were previously classified as operating leases by the Company, they were similarly classified as operating leases under the new standard. The Company has determined that the identified operating leases did not contain non-lease components and require no further allocation of the total lease cost. Additionally, the agreements in place did not contain information to determine the rate implicit in the leases, so the Company used its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The Company’s weighted average discount rate is 4.49% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 29 months.

As of March 31, 2021, operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities arising from operating leases were $303,548 and $309,379, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, cash paid for amounts included for the measurement of lease liabilities was $21,562 and the Company recorded operating lease expense of $21,488.

The following is a schedule showing the future minimum lease payments under operating leases by years and the present value of the minimum payments as of March 31, 2021.

The Company’s office space leases are short-term and the Company has elected under the short-term recognition exemption not to recognize them on the balance sheet. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, $15,647 was recognized in short-term lease costs associated with office space leases. The annual payments remaining for short-term office leases were as follows:

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

c)Grants Repayable  

In 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with the Walloon Region government in Belgium for a colorectal cancer research grant for €1.05 million. Per the terms of the agreement, €314,406 of the grant is to be repaid, by installments over the period from June 30, 2014 to June 30, 2023. In the event that the Company receives revenue from products or services as defined in the agreement, it is due to pay a 6% royalty on such revenue to the Walloon Region. The maximum amount payable to the Walloon Region, in respect of the aggregate of the amount repayable of €314,406 and the 6% royalty on revenue, is equal to twice the amount of funding received. As of March 31, 2021, the grant balance repayable was $102,645.

In 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with the Walloon Region government in Belgium for a colorectal cancer research grant for €605,000.  Per the terms of the agreement, €181,500 of the grant is to be repaid by installments over 12 years commencing in 2020. In the event that the Company receives revenue from products or services as defined in the agreement, it is due to pay a 3.53% royalty on such revenue to the Walloon Region. The maximum amount payable to the Walloon Region, in respect of the aggregate of the amount repayable of €181,500 and the 3.53% royalty on revenue, is equal to the amount of funding received. As of March 31, 2021, the grant balance repayable was $213,143.

As of March 31, 2021, the total grant balance repayable was $315,788 and the payments remaining were as follows:

d)Long-Term Debt 

In 2016, the Company entered into a seven-year loan agreement with Namur Invest for €440,000 with a fixed interest rate of 4.85%, maturing in December 2023. As of March 31, 2021, the principal balance payable was $238,568.

In 2016, the Company entered into a 15-year loan agreement with ING for €270,000 with a fixed interest rate of 2.62%, maturing in December 2031. As of March 31, 2021, the principal balance payable was $240,838.

In 2017, the Company entered into a four-year loan agreement with Namur Invest for €350,000 with a fixed interest rate of 4.00%, maturing in June 2021. As of March 31, 2021, the principal balance payable was $31,302.

In 2017, the Company entered into a seven-year loan agreement with SOFINEX for up to €1 million with a fixed interest rate of 4.50%, maturing in September 2024. As of March 31, 2021, €1 million has been drawn down under this agreement and the principal balance payable was $939,474.

In 2018, the Company entered into a four-year loan agreement with Namur Innovation and Growth for €500,000 with a fixed interest rate of 4.00%, maturing in June 2022. As of March 31, 2021, the principal balance payable was $219,184.

In 2019, the Company entered into a four-year loan agreement with Namur Innovation and Growth for €500,000 with a fixed interest rate of 4.80%, maturing in September 2024. As of March 31, 2021, the principal balance payable was $587,171.

On October 13, 2020, the Company entered into a ten-year loan agreement with Namur Invest for a maximum of €830,000 with fixed interest rate of 4.00%, maturing March 2031. During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed €65,453 under the loan agreement. As of March 31, 2021, the maximum of €830,000 had been drawn down under this agreement, representing a principal balance payable of $974,706.

20

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

d)Long-Term Debt (continued) 

As of March 31, 2021, the total balance for long-term debt payable was $3,231,243 and the payments remaining were as follows:

e) Collaborative Agreement Obligations   

In 2016, the Company entered into a research cooperation agreement with DKFZ in Germany for a five-year period for €400,000. As of March 31, 2021, $234,869 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement.

In 2018, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement with the University of Taiwan for a three-year period for a cost to the Company of up to $2.55 million payable over such period. As of March 31, 2021, $510,000 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement.

In 2019, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement with the University of Taiwan for a two-year period to collect a total of 1,200 samples for a cost to the Company of up to $320,000 payable over such period. As of March 31, 2021, $96,000 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement.

In 2019, the Company entered into a funded sponsored research agreement with the Texas A&M University (“TAMU”) in consideration for the license granted to the Company for a five-year period for a cost to the Company of up to $400,000 payable over such period. As of March 31, 2021, $235,036 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement.

On September 16, 2020, the Company entered into a research agreement for the bioinformatic analysis of cell-free DNA fragments from whole-genome sequencing with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for six months for a cost to the Company of €54,879. As of March 31, 2021, $21,482 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement.

21

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

f)Other Commitments 

Volition Vet

On October 25, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with TAMU for provision of in-kind services of personnel, animal samples and laboratory equipment in exchange for a non-controlling interest of 7.5% in Volition Vet with an additional 5%, vesting in a year from the date of the agreement, giving TAMU in aggregate, a 12.5% equity interest as of such date. As of March 31, 2021, TAMU has a 12.5% equity interest in Volition Vet.

Volition Germany

On January 10, 2020, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Belgian Volition, acquired an epigenetic reagent company, Octamer GmbH (“Octamer”), based in Munich, Germany, and hired its founder for his expertise and knowledge to be passed to Company personnel. On March 9, 2020, Octamer was renamed to Volition Germany GmbH (or “Volition Germany”).

Upon considering the definition of a business, as defined in ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” paragraph 805-10-20, which is an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return, the Company has determined that this did not constitute a business. This is primarily due to the fact that additional inputs are needed in the form of training personnel further to produce outputs. Accordingly, the Company has treated this transaction as the hiring of a member of management, described below, rather than accounting for the transaction as a business combination.

The Company agreed to terms of the transaction on December 13, 2019 and closed on January 10, 2020. Pursuant to the transaction agreement, the Company purchased all outstanding shares of Octamer. In exchange, the Company agreed to issue 73,263 newly-issued restricted shares of Company common stock valued at $333,969 (based on the $4.56 per share volume weighted trading price for the five days prior to December 13, 2019), committed to pay approximately €350,000, subject to adjustments, and agreed to pay off certain Octamer expenses leading up to the agreement (representing net liabilities of $6,535). At closing, the Company issued 73,263 restricted shares of Company common stock, paid an adjusted amount of approximately $357,000 (€321,736) and recorded a holdback liability of $55,404 (€50,000). During the three months ended March 31, 2021, an amount of €43,152 was paid in full settlement of the amount due.

In connection with the transaction agreement, the Company also entered into a two-year Managing Director’s agreement with the founder of Octamer to continue to manage Volition Germany for a payment of €288,000 payable in equal monthly installments over such two-year period and a royalty agreement with the founder providing for the payment of royalties in the amount of 6% of net sales of Volition Germany’s nucleosomes as reagents to pharmaceutical companies for use in the development, manufacture and screening of molecules for use as therapeutic drugs for a period of 5 years post-closing.

22

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

f)Other Commitments (continued) 

Volition America

On November 3, 2020, the Company entered into a professional services master agreement with Diagnostic Oncology CRO, LLC to conduct a pivotal clinical trial and provide regulatory submission and reimbursement related services. Under the terms of the agreement Diagnostic Oncology CRO, LLC will provide ad hoc consulting assistance on a project-by-project basis related to the review and assessment of existing data and information to prepare recommended intended use claims and coverage/reimbursement plans to support the preparation of FDA pre-submissions, clinical trial protocol development and study administration, and potential 510k regulatory marketing submissions of the Company’s diagnostic tests, including those proposed for use as an adjunct diagnostic tool for common and aggressive forms of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. The initial projects contemplated by the agreement relating to Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma obligate the Company to pay in aggregate of up to $2.9 million over a period of 22 months. Such payment obligations are on a project-by-project basis as deliverables are executed and subject to certain terms and conditions. Additionally, the Company may terminate the agreement or any project with or without cause upon at least 30 days’ prior written notice. Unless earlier terminated, the term of the agreement is until December 31, 2025 or such later date as when all projects have been completed. As of March 31, 2021, $nil is payable by Company for services rendered under the agreement.

g)Legal Proceedings 

There are no legal proceedings which the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on its financial position.

Note 9 – Subsequent Events

On April 13, 2021, 20,625 RSUs were settled net of tax withholdings at $3.44 per share that resulted in the issuance of 16,087 shares of common stock.

On April 13, 2021, 5,625 RSUs were settled at $3.44 per share that resulted in the issuance of 5,625 shares of common stock.

Effective May 1, 2021, the Company granted RSUs of 150,000 shares of common stock to a Company employee in exchange for services provided to the Company. These RSUs vest as follows: one-third after 12 months, one-third after 24 months, and the remaining one-third after 36 months and will result in total compensation expense of $496,500.

END NOTES TO FINANCIALS

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ITEM 2MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. 

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021, or this Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which statements are subject to considerable risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report or incorporated by reference into this Report are forward-looking statements. Throughout this Report, we have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “may,” “believe,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “should,” “continue,” “potential,” “plans,” “forecasts,” “goal,” “aim,” “seek,” “intend,” other forms of these words or similar words or expressions or the negative thereof (although not all forward-looking statements contain these words). In particular, forward-looking statements contained in this Report relate to, among other things, any predictions of earnings, revenues, expenses or other financial items; plans or expectations with respect to our development activities or business strategy, including commercialization and market acceptance; statements concerning clinical studies and results; statements concerning industry trends and industry size; statements regarding anticipated demand for our products and market opportunity, or the products of our competitors, statements relating to manufacturing forecasts, and the potential impact of our relationship with contract manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers on our business; assumptions regarding the future cost and potential benefits of our research and development efforts; forecasts of our liquidity position or available cash resources; statements regarding the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and statements relating to the assumptions underlying any of the foregoing.

We have based our forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about trends affecting our business and industry and other future events. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our future business, financial condition, results of operations or performance, to differ materially from our historical results or those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement contained in this Report. For instance, if we fail to develop and commercialize diagnostic products, we may be unable to execute our plan of operations. Other risks and uncertainties include those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; our failure to obtain necessary regulatory clearances or approvals to distribute and market future products in the clinical in-vitro diagnostics, or IVD, or veterinary markets; a failure by the marketplace to accept the products in our development pipeline or any other diagnostic products we might develop; our failure to secure adequate intellectual property protection; we will face fierce competition and our intended products may become obsolete due to the highly competitive nature of the diagnostics market and its rapid technological change; and other risks identified elsewhere in this Report, as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. In addition, actual results may differ as a result of additional risks and uncertainties of which we are currently unaware or which we do not currently view as material to our business. For these reasons, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.

You should read this Report in its entirety, together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on March 22, 2021, or our Annual Report, the documents that we file as exhibits to this Report and the documents that we incorporate by reference into this Report, with the understanding that our future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. The forward-looking statements we make speak only as of the date on which they are made. We expressly disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date hereof to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our opinions or expectations. If we do update or correct any forward-looking statements, readers should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections.

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Overview

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the interim consolidated financial statements and related condensed notes thereto, which are included in Part I of this Report.

VolitionRx is a multi-national epigenetics company that applies its Nucleosomics^TM platform through its subsidiaries to develop simple, easy to use, cost-effective blood tests to help diagnose a range of cancers and some other diseases, including sepsis and COVID-19, that are associated with the presence in the blood of networks of fibers released from activated neutrophils, a phenomenon known as NETosis. We hope that through earlier diagnosis we can help save and improve the quality of human and animals’ lives throughout the world.

Our assays are based on the science of Nucleosomics^TM, which is the practice of identifying and measuring nucleosomes in the bloodstream or other bodily fluid, since changes in these parameters are an indication that disease is present.

Volition’s approach is to investigate the epigenetic structure of chromatin and nucleosomes rather than investigating only the DNA sequence. We are continuously developing new technologies including:

·A suite of low cost Nu.Q^® immunoassays that can accurately measure nucleosomes containing numerous epigenetic signals or structures, now being developed on a range of different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or ELISA, platforms. 

·Nu.Q^® Capture technology to isolate or enrich nucleosomes containing particular epigenetic signals or structures for a wide range of potential scientific and medical applications. For example, the enrichment of nucleosomes of tumor origin in blood samples taken from cancer patients.  

·The production of synthetic (recombinant) nucleosomes, containing exact defined epigenetic signals and structures, is now in-house. These nucleosomes are used to ensure maximal accuracy of Nu.Q^® immunoassay tests but also have many other applications including Research Use Only, or RUO, kits and as tools in epigenetic drug development.    

Commercialization Strategy

Volition believes that given the global prevalence of cancer and diseases associated with NETosis, and the low-cost, accessible and routine nature of our tests, Nu.Q^® could potentially be used throughout the world. We plan to work with partners to commercialize Nu.Q^® worldwide.

Commercialization will take multiple forms in various markets and opportunities including, but not limited to:

·Direct sales of the Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Screening Test. 

·Sales of veterinary clinical products utilizing Nu.Q^® Vet assays and/or Nu.Q^® Capture reagents through distributor networks.  

·Licensing of intellectual property, or IP, for clinical products utilizing Nu.Q^® assays and/or Nu.Q^® Capture reagents. 

·Sales of clinical products utilizing Nu.Q^® assays and/or Nu.Q^® Capture reagents through distributor networks.  

·Licensing of IP for RUO kit sales of Nu.Q^® assays and/or Nu.Q^® Capture reagents. 

·Licensing of IP for laboratory developed patient testing services utilizing Nu.Q^® assays and/or Nu.Q^® Capture reagents. 

·Provision of direct research services in the processing of samples using Nu.Q^® RUO assays and/or Nu.Q^® Capture. 

Developments - COVID-19 Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization designated the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus known as COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Governments and businesses around the world have taken unprecedented actions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including, but not limited to, implementing shelter-in-place orders and significant restrictions on travel, as well as restrictions and guidelines that prohibit many employees from going to work. Uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the pandemic has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets.

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During the year ended December 31, 2020 and through the first quarter of 2021, we have implemented contingency planning to protect the health and well-being of our employees, with the majority of our employees working remotely where possible. We have implemented travel restrictions as well as protocols limiting visitor access to our facilities, and we are following social distancing practices.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have experienced and may continue to experience disruptions that could impact our clinical trials, including:

·delays in enrolling patients in clinical trials; 

·delays in sample collection; and 

·diversion of healthcare resources away from the conduct of clinical trials, including the diversion of hospitals serving as clinical trial sites and hospital staff supporting the conduct of our clinical trials. 

Plan of Operations

We have identified the main processes and resources required to achieve the near and medium-term objectives of our business plan, including personnel, facilities, equipment, research and testing materials including antibodies and clinical samples, and the protection of intellectual property. To date, operations have proceeded satisfactorily in relation to our business plan, which we continue to evolve. However, it is possible that some resources will not readily become available in a suitable form or on a timely basis or at an acceptable cost. It is also possible that the results of some processes may not be as expected, and that modifications of procedures and materials may be required. Such events could result in delays to the achievement of the near and medium-term objectives of our business plan, in particular the progression of clinical validation studies and regulatory approval processes for the purpose of bringing products to the IVD and veterinary markets.

Our future as an operating business will depend on our ability to obtain sufficient capital contributions, financing and/or generate revenues as may be required to sustain our operations.  Management plans to address the above as needed by: (a) securing additional grant funds; (b) obtaining additional equity or debt financing; (c) granting licenses to third parties in exchange for specified up-front and/or back end payments; and (d) developing and commercializing our products on an accelerated timeline. Management continues to exercise tight cost controls to conserve cash.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our accomplishment of the plans described in the preceding paragraph and eventually to attain profitable operations. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to obtain adequate capital, we could be forced to cease operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations since inception primarily through private placements and public offerings of our common stock. As of March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $33.1 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $6.2 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in cash used in operating activities for the period ended March 31, 2021 when compared to same period in 2020 was primarily due to higher payroll costs, an increase in prepaid expenditures due to higher director and officer insurance and higher amounts paid to suppliers during the period.

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.5 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase was primarily due to additional purchases of laboratory equipment for our manufacturing facility in Belgium.

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The following table summarizes our approximate contractual payments due by year as of March 31, 2021.

We intend to use our cash reserves to fund further research and development activities and launch new products. We do not currently have significant revenues and expect to rely on additional future financing, through the sale of equity or debt securities, or the sale of licensing rights, to provide sufficient funding to execute our strategic plan. There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising further funds.

In the event that additional financing is delayed, we will prioritize the maintenance of our research and development personnel and facilities, primarily in Belgium, and the maintenance of our patent rights. In such instance, the completion of clinical validation studies and regulatory approval processes for the purpose of bringing products to the IVD markets would be delayed. In the event of an ongoing lack of financing, it may be necessary to discontinue operations, which will adversely affect the value of our common stock.

We have not attained profitable operations and are dependent upon obtaining financing to pursue any extensive activities. For these reasons, our auditors stated in their report on our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 an explanatory paragraph regarding factors that raise substantial doubt that we will be able to continue as a going concern.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020.

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended on March 31, 2021, and March 31, 2020, respectively.

Revenues

Our operations are still predominantly in the research and development stage and we had limited revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The main source of revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was direct sales of the Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Screening Test via the Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased to $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as a result of the factors described below.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were flat at $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Increased personnel expenses, laboratory expenses, and research and collaboration costs were offset by lower antibody costs and lower costs related to the purchase of Octamer (Volition Germany) in the prior year comparative period.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, from $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This increase in overall general and administrative expenditures was primarily due to increased personnel costs, stock-based compensation costs and legal expenses from capital raises during the period, partly offset by lower foreign exchange differences.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, from $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in costs was primarily due to higher personnel costs and stock-based compensation costs as a result of hiring additional employees.

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Other Income (Expenses)

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s other expenses were $40,460 compared to other income of $12,559 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This decrease in other income was primarily related to the decrease in interest earned during the period.

Net Loss

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s net loss was $6.1 million, an increase of approximately $0.2 million in comparison to a net loss of $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The change was a result of the factors described above.

Going Concern

We have not attained profitable operations and are dependent upon obtaining external financing to continue to pursue our operational and strategic plans. For these reasons, management has determined that there is substantial doubt that the business will be able to continue as a going concern without further financing.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to stockholders.

Future Financings

We may seek to obtain additional capital through the sale of debt or equity securities, if we deem it desirable or necessary. These sales may include the sale of equity securities from time to time through our “at the market offering program” with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. under the Equity Distribution Agreement dated November 10, 2020 (see Note 6 of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements).  However, we may be unable to obtain such additional capital when needed, or on terms favorable to us or our stockholders, if at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced, stockholders may experience additional dilution, or such equity securities may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of debt securities, the terms of such securities may place restrictions on our ability to operate our business.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our interim consolidated financial statements and related condensed notes have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements.  A summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. In general, management's estimates are based on current facts, historical experiences, information from third party professionals and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially and adversely from those estimates made by management. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations could be affected.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all applicable new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. The Company does not believe that there are any other applicable new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 

We are a smaller reporting company and are not required to disclose this information.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by our company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded, as they previously concluded as of December 31, 2020, that our disclosure controls and procedures continue to be ineffective as of March 31, 2021, because of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as described below and in detail in our Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors meets regularly with our financial management, and with the independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us. Internal accounting controls and the quality of financial reporting are discussed during these meetings. The Audit Committee has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm matters required to be discussed by the auditing standards adopted or established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”). In addition, the Audit Committee and the independent registered public accounting firm have discussed the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence from the Company and its management, including the matters in the written disclosures required by PCAOB Rule 3526 “Communicating with Audit Committees Concerning Independence.”

As of March 31, 2021, we did not maintain sufficient internal controls over financial reporting in the following areas:

·segregation of duties in some areas of Finance;  

·oversight in the area of IT, where certain processes may affect the internal controls over financial reporting; and  

·monitoring of review controls with respect to accounting for complex transactions. 

We have developed, and are currently implementing, a remediation plan for these material weaknesses. Specifically, we have identified and implemented a system for financial reporting that has allowed further automation of the reporting process, thereby strengthening the control environment over financial reporting. As we continue to evaluate and work to enhance our internal controls over financial reporting, we may determine that additional measures should be taken to address these or other control deficiencies, and/or that we should modify our remediation plan considering the Company’s size and growth.

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021, other than those described above, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

Once the Company is engaged in stable business operations and has sufficient personnel and resources available, then our Board of Directors, will establish the following remediation measures to address the aforementioned deficiencies:

·additional Finance resources will be recruited to resolve the segregation of duties control weaknesses noted above; 

·internal audit resources will be contracted to review and advise on control weaknesses across the organization; and   

·specialist resources in IT and Human Resources will be recruited to recommend and implement relevant policy and processes to strengthen IT and Human Resources internal controls associated with financial reporting. 

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Limitations of the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls

Our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control.

The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving our stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to claims, counter claims, lawsuits and other litigation of the type that generally arise from the conduct of our business. We know of no material, existing or pending legal proceedings against our company, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which our directors, officers or any affiliates, or any registered or beneficial stockholders, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS 

There have been no material changes in our assessment of risk factors affecting our business since those presented in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report.

ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company issued a warrant to purchase up to 125,000 shares of its common stock, at an exercise price of $3.95 per share, to an officer of the Company as an inducement to employment, which vests in full on January 1, 2022 (subject to continued employment through such date and accelerated vesting upon a change of control) and expires January 1, 2027.

Effective February 1, 2021, the Company issued a warrant to purchase up to 185,000 shares of its common stock, at an exercise price of $4.90 per share, to an officer of the Company as an inducement to employment, which vests in full on February 1, 2022 (subject to continued employment through such date) and expires February 1, 2027.

Neither of the above issuances involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering and we believe were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) and/or Regulation D due to, among other things, the fact that there was no general solicitation or advertising, the transactions did not involve a public offering of securities, the representations of investment intent by the investors, and the securities were restricted from further transfer as evidenced by legend thereon.

Repurchase of Equity Securities

No equity securities were repurchased during the first quarter of 2021.

ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES 

None.

ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION 

None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 

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#Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. 

†Portions of this exhibit are redacted pursuant to Item 601(a)(6) and/or Item (b)(10)(iv) under Regulation S-K. The registrant agrees to furnish supplementally any omitted schedules to the SEC upon request. 

*The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Quarterly Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by the registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and are not to be incorporated by reference into any of the registrant’s filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing. 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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