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EX-23.1 - CONSENT OF MICHAEL GILLESPIE & ASSOCIATES - GLOBAL GOLD ROYALTY INC.global_ex231.htm
EX-3.4 - CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT - GLOBAL GOLD ROYALTY INC.global_ex34.htm
EX-3.3 - CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT - GLOBAL GOLD ROYALTY INC.global_ex33.htm
EX-3.1 - ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION - GLOBAL GOLD ROYALTY INC.global_ex31.htm
S-1 - FORM S-1 - GLOBAL GOLD ROYALTY INC.global_s1.htm

EXHIBIT 3.2

 

BY-LAWS OF

GLOBAL GOLD ROYALTY INC.

 

ARTICLE I OFFICES

 

The Corporation may have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of NEVADA, as the Board of Directors may determine and designate from time to time or the business of the Corporation requires.

 

ARTICLE II MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of stockholders shall be held either at the principal executive office or any other place within or without the State of Nevada which may be designated either by the Board of Directors pursuant to authority hereinafter granted to said Board, or by the written consent of all stockholders entitled to vote thereat, given either before or after the meeting and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation; provided, however, that if no place is designated or so fixed, stockholder meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation.

 

Section 2. Annual Meetings. The annual meetings of the stockholders shall be held each year on a date and a time designated by the Board of Directors. At the annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be specified in the Notice of Meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properly brought before the annual meeting by a stockholder, including the nomination of a director, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not more than five business days after the giving of notice of the date and place of the meeting to the stockholders. A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall inform as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and numbers of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section. The chairman of the annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly before the meeting shall not be transacted.

 

Section 3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes whatsoever, may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, the President or by a majority of the Board of Directors, or by such other person as the Board of Directors may designate.

 

For business to be properly brought before a special meeting by a stockholder, including the nomination of a director, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not more than five business days after the giving of notice of the date and place of the meeting to the stockholders. A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall inform as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before a special meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the special meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the special meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such

business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business.

 

 
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Section 4. Notice of Stockholders’ Meetings. Written notice of each annual or special meeting signed by the President or a Vice President, or the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, or by such other person or persons as the directors shall designate, shall be delivered personally to, or shall be mailed postage prepaid, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, the notice shall be directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears upon the records of the Corporation, and service of such notice by mail shall be complete upon such mailing, and the time of the notice shall begin to run from the date it is deposited in the mail for transmission to such stockholder. Personal delivery of any such notice to any officer of a corporation or association, or to any member of a partnership, shall constitute delivery of such notice to such corporation, association or partnership. All such notices shall be delivered or sent to each stockholder entitled thereto not less than ten nor more than sixty days before each annual or special meeting, and shall specify the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, the place, the day and the hour of such meeting. Any stockholder may waive notice of any meeting by a writing signed by him, or his duly authorized attorney, either before or after the meeting.

 

Section 5. Voting. At all meetings of stockholders, every stockholder entitled to vote shall have the right to vote in person or by written proxy the number of shares standing in his own name on the stock records of the Corporation. There shall be no cumulative voting. Such vote may be viva voce or ballot; provided, however, that all elections for directors must be by ballot upon demand made by a stockholder at any election and before the voting begins.

 

Section 6. Quorum. The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The stockholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

 

Section 7. Ratification and Approval of Actions at Meetings. Whenever the stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting consent, either by: (a) A writing on the records of the meeting or filed with the Secretary; (b) Presence at such meeting and oral consent entered on the minutes; or (c) Taking part in the deliberations at such meeting without objection; the doings of such meeting shall be as valid as if had at a meeting regularly called and noticed. At such meeting, any business may be transacted which is not excepted from the written consent or to the consideration of which no objection for want of notice is made at the time. If any meeting be irregular for want of notice or of such consent, provided a quorum was present at such meeting, the proceedings of the meeting may be ratified and approved and rendered likewise valid and the irregularity or defect therein waived by a writing signed by all parties having the right to vote at such meeting. Such consent or approval of stockholders may be by proxy or attorney, but all such proxies and powers of attorney must be in writing.

 

Section 8. Proxies. At any meeting of the stockholders, any stockholder may be represented and vote by a proxy or proxies appointed by an instrument in writing, which instrument shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation. In the event that any such instrument in writing shall designate two or more persons to act as proxies, a majority of such persons present at the meetings, or, if only one shall be present, then that one shall have and may exercise all of the powers conferred by such written instrument upon all of the persons so designated unless the instrument shall otherwise provide. No such proxy shall be valid after

the expiration of six months from the date of its execution, unless coupled with an interest, or unless the person executing it specifies therein the length of time for which it is to continue in force, which in no case shall exceed seven years from the date of its execution. Subject to the above, any proxy duly executed is not revoked and continues in full force and effect until an instrument revoking it or a duly executed proxy bearing a later date is filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.

 

 
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Section 9. Action Without a Meeting. Any action which may be taken by the vote of stockholders at a meeting, may be taken without a meeting if authorized by the written consent of stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power; provided that if any greater proportion of voting power is required for such action at a meeting, then such greater proportion of written consents shall be required. This general provision for action by written consent shall not supersede any specific provision for action by written consent contained in the Nevada Revised Statutes. In no instance where action is authorized by written consent need a meeting of stockholders be called or noticed.

 

ARTICLE III DIRECTORS

 

Section 1. Powers. Incorporation, these Bylaws, and the provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes as to action to be authorized or approved by the stockholders, and subject to the duties of directors as prescribed by these Bylaws, all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the Corporation must be managed and controlled by, the Board of Directors. Without prejudice to such general powers, but subject to the same limitations, it is hereby expressly declared that the directors shall have the following powers:

 

First. To select and remove all officers, agents and employees of the Corporation, prescribe such powers and duties for them as may not be inconsistent with law, the Articles of Incorporation or the Bylaws, fix their compensation and require from them security for faithful service.

 

Second. To conduct, manage and control the affairs and business of the Corporation, and to make such rules and regulations therefor not inconsistent with law, the Articles of Incorporation or the Bylaws, as they may deem best.

 

Third. To change the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Nevada from one location to another, and the registered agent in charge thereof, as provided in Article I, Section 1, hereof; to fix and locate from time to time one or more subsidiary offices of the Corporation within or without the State of Nevada, as provided in Article I, Section 2, hereof, to designate any place within or without the State of Nevada, for the holding of any stockholders’ meeting or meetings; and to adopt, make and use a corporate seal, and to prescribe the forms of certificates of stock, and to alter the form of such seal and of such certificates from time to time, as in their judgment they may deem best, provided such seal and such certificates shall at all times comply with the provisions of law.

 

Fourth. To authorize the issuance of shares of stock of the Corporation from time to time, upon such terms as may be lawful, in consideration of cash, services rendered, personal property, real property or leases thereof, or in the case of shares issued as a dividend, against amounts transferred from surplus to capital.

 

Fifth. To borrow money and incur indebtedness for the purpose of the Corporation, and to cause to be executed and delivered therefor, in the corporate name, promissory notes, bonds, debentures, deeds of trust, mortgages, pledges, hypothecations or other evidence of debt and securities therefor.

 

Sixth. To make the Bylaws of the Corporation, subject to the Bylaws, if any, adopted by the stockholders.

 

 
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Seventh. To, by resolution or resolutions passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation, which, to the extent provided in the resolution or resolutions, shall have and may exercise the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may have power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers on which the Corporation desires to place a seal. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 2. Number and Qualification of Directors. The number of directors constituting the whole Board shall be not less than one nor more than fifteen. The first Board shall consist of one director. Thereafter, within the limits above specified, the number of directors shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors or by the stockholders at the annual meeting. All directors must be at least 18 years of age. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, directors need not be stockholders.

 

Section 3. Election, Classification and Term of Office. Each director shall be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders by a plurality of votes cast at the election, but if for any reason the directors are not elected at the annual meeting of stockholders, each director may be elected at any special meeting of stockholders by a plurality of votes cast at the election. The Board of Directors shall not be divided into classes and each director shall serve for a term ending on the date of the next annual meeting of stockholders following the meeting at which such director was elected and until his successor is elected and qualified; provided, that the Board of directors may adopt an amendment in the future dividing the Board of Directors in to two or more classes on such terms as shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. In the event of any decrease in the authorized number of directors, each director then serving as such shall nevertheless continue as a director until the expiration of his current term, or his earlier resignation, removal from office or death.

 

Section 4. Vacancies. Vacancies in the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected at an annual or a special meeting of the stockholders. A vacancy or vacancies in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist in case of the death, resignation or removal of any director, or if the authorized number of directors be increased. If the Board of Directors accepts the resignation of a director tendered to take effect at a future time the Board or the stockholder shall have power to elect a successor to take office when the resignation is to become effective, and such successor shall hold office during the remainder of the resigning director’s term of office.

 

Section 5. Place of Meeting. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place within or without the State of Nevada as designated from time to time by resolution of the Board or by written consent of all members of the Board. In the absence of such designation regular meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation. Special meetings of the Board may be held either at a place so designated or at the principal executive office.

 

Members of the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of a conference telephone network or a similar communications method by which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. Each person participating in such meeting shall sign the minutes thereof, which minutes may be signed in counterparts.

 

Section 6. Organization Meeting. Immediately following each annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting for the purpose of organization, election of officers, and the transaction of other business. Notice of such meetings is hereby dispensed with.

 

Section 7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, President or by any two or more directors. Written notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally to the directors or sent to each director by mail or other form of written communication (such as by telegraph, Federal Express package, or other similar forms of written communication), charges prepaid, addressed to him at his address as it is shown upon the records of the Corporation, or if it is not so shown on such records or is not readily ascertainable, at the place in which the meetings of the directors are regularly held. In case such notice is mailed or otherwise communicated in writing, it shall be deposited in the United States mail or delivered to the appropriate delivering agent at least seventy-two hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. In case such notice is Personally delivered, it shall be so delivered at least twenty- four hours prior to the time of the holding of the meeting. Such mailing, personal delivery or other written communication as above provided shall be due, legal and personal notice to such director.

   

 
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Section 8. Notice of Adjournment. Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to absent directors if the time and place be fixed at the meeting adjourned.

 

Section 9. Ratification and Approval. Whenever all directors entitled to vote at any meeting consent, either by: (a) A writing on the records of the meeting or filed with the Secretary; (b) Presence at such meeting and oral consent entered on the minutes; or (c) Taking part in the deliberations at such meeting without objection; the doings of such meeting shall be as valid as if had at a meeting regularly called and noticed. At such meeting any business may be transacted which is not excepted from the written consent or to the consideration of which no objection for want of notice is made at the time.

 

If any meeting be irregular for want of notice or of such consent, provided a quorum was present at such meeting, the proceedings of the meeting may be ratified and approved and rendered likewise valid and the irregularity or defect therein waived by a writing signed by all directors having the right to vote at such meeting.

 

Section 10. Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is signed by all the members of the Board or of such committee. Such written consent shall be filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.

 

Section 11. Quorum. A majority of the authorized number of directors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as hereinafter provided. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly assembled at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, unless a greater number be required by law or by the Articles of Incorporation.

 

Section 12. Adjournment. A quorum of the directors may adjourn any directors’ meeting to meet again at a stated day and hour provided, however, that in the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present at any directors’ meeting, either regular or special, may adjourn from time to time until a quorum shall be present.

 

Section 13. Fees and Compensation. The Board shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee or otherwise, and receiving the compensation therefor. Members of committees may be compensated for attending committee meetings.

 

Section 14. Removal. Any director may be removed from office with or without cause by the vote of stockholders representing not less than two-thirds of the issued and outstanding capital stock entitled to voting power.

 

 
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ARTICLE IV OFFICERS

Section 1. Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, one or more additional Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries, one or more Assistant Treasurers, a Chairman of the Board, a chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this Article. Officers other than the Chairman of the Board need not be directors. One person may hold two or more offices.

 

Section 2. Election. The officers of this Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or Section 5 of this Article, shall be chosen annually by the Board of Directors and each shall hold his office until he shall resign or shall be removed or otherwise disqualified to serve, or his successor shall be elected and qualified.

 

Section 3. Subordinate Officers, Etc. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as the business of the Corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

 

Section 4. Removal and Resignation. Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by a majority of the directors at the time in office. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

 

Section 5. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.

 

Section 6. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board, if there be such a position, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the Board of Directors or prescribed by these Bylaws.

 

Section 7. President. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, the President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and officers of the Corporation. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, or if there be none, he shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors. He shall be ex officio a member of all committees, including the executive committee, if any, and shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws.

 

Section 8. Vice-President. In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice Presidents, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors, or if not ranked, the Vice President designated by the Board of Directors, shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President. The Vice Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.

 

 
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Section 9. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, a book of minutes at the principal executive office or such other place as the Board of Directors may order, of all meetings of directors, committees and stockholders, with the time and place of holding, whether regular or special, and if special, how authorized, the notice thereof given, the names of those present at directors’ and committee meetings, the number of shares present or represented at stockholders’ meetings and the proceedings thereof.

 

The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office (1) a share register, or a duplicate share register, revised annually, showing the names of the stockholders, alphabetically arranged, and their places of residence, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates issued for the same, and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation; (2) a copy of the Articles of Incorporation and all amendments thereto certified by the Secretary of State; and (3) a copy of the Bylaws and all amendments thereto certified by the Secretary.

 

The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all the meetings of the stockholders, committees and Board of Directors required by the Bylaws or by law to be given, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.

 

Section 10. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct accounts of the properties and business transactions of the Corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, surplus and shares. Any surplus, including earned surplus, paid-in surplus and surplus arising from a reduction of stated capital, shall be classified according to source and shown in a separate account. The books of account shall at all times be open to inspection by any director.

 

The Treasurer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and directors, whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.

 

ARTICLE V MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 1. Record Date and Closing Stock Books. The Board of Directors may fix a day, not more than sixty (60) days prior to the holding of any meeting of stockholders, and not exceeding thirty (30) days preceding the date fixed for the payment of any dividend or distribution or for the allotment of rights, or when any change or conversion or exchange of shares shall go into effect, as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any such meeting, or entitled to receive any such dividend or distribution, or any such allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights in respect to any such change, conversion or exchange of shares, and in such case only stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meetings, or to receive such dividend, distribution or allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the Corporation after any record date is fixed as aforesaid. The Board of Directors may close the books of the Corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of any such period.

 

Section 2. Inspection of Corporate Records. Stockholders shall have the right to inspect such corporate records at such times and based upon such limitations of such rights as may be set forth in the Nevada Revised Statutes from time to time.

 

 
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Section 3. Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, issued in the name of or payable to the Corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 4. Contract, Etc., How Executed. The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents to enter into any contract, deed or lease or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances; and unless so authorized by the Board of Directors, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit to render it liable for any purpose or to any amount.

 

Section 5. Certificates of Stock. A certificate or certificates for certificated shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be issued to each stockholder when any such shares are fully paid up. All such certificates shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, President or a Vice President, and may be signed by the Treasurer, Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or be authenticated by facsimiles of their respective signatures; provided, however, that every certificate authenticated by a facsimile of a signature must be countersigned by a transfer agent or transfer clerk, and by a registrar, which registrar cannot be the Corporation itself. Certificates for certificated shares may be issued prior to full payment under such restrictions and for such purposes as the Board of Directors or the Bylaws may provide; provided, however, that any such certificate so issued prior to full payment shall state the amount remaining unpaid and the terms of payment thereof. The Board of Directors is hereby authorized, pursuant to the provisions of Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.235, to issue uncertificated shares of some or all of the shares of any or all of its classes or series.

 

Section 6. Representation of the Shares of Other Corporation. The President or any Vice President, and the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, of this Corporation are authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this Corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this Corporation. The authority herein granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this Corporation any and all shares held by this Corporation in any other corporation or corporations may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by said officers.

 

ARTICLE VI AMENDMENTS

 

Section 1. Power of Stockholders. New Bylaws may be adopted or these Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the vote of stockholders entitled to exercise a majority of the voting power of the Corporation or by the written assent of such stockholders.

 

Section 2. Power of Directors. Subject to the right of stockholders as provided in Section 1 of this Article VI to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws, Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors.

 

 
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ARTICLE VII

TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 

Section 1. Validity of Contracts and Transactions. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, firm,

association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers or are financially interested, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee that authorizes or approves the contract or transaction, or because their votes are counted for such purpose, provided that:

 

(a) the material facts as to his, her, or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee and noted in the minutes, and the Board of Directors or committee, in good faith, authorizes the contract or transaction in good faith by the affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors are less than a quorum;

 

(b) the material facts as to his, her, or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved or ratified in good faith by the majority of shares entitled to vote, counting the votes of the common or interested directors or officers; or (c) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized or approved. Section 2. Determining Quorum. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the board of directors or of a committee which authorizes, approves or ratifies the contract or transaction.

   

ARTICLE VIII INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 1. The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was, or is threatened to be made, a party to a proceeding (as hereinafter defined) by reason of the fact that he or she (i) is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or (ii) while a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or similar functionary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, to the fullest extent permitted under the Revised Statutes of the State of NEVADA, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended. Such right shall be a contract right and as such shall run to the benefit of any director or officer who is elected and accepts the position of director or officer of the Corporation or elects to continue to serve as a director or officer of the Corporation while this Article VIII is in effect. The rights conferred above shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, bylaw, resolution of stockholders or directors, agreement or otherwise.

 

Section 2. As used herein, the term “proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, any appeal in such an action, suit or proceeding and any inquiry or investigation that could lead to such an action, suit or proceeding.

 

Section 3. A director or officer of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, except for liability (i) for acts or omissions which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law; or (ii) for the payment of distributions in violation of the Revised Statutes of the State of NEVADA. Any repeal or amendment of this Article VIII by the shareholders of the Corporation shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely affect any limitation on the personal liability of a director or officer of the Corporation arising from an act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or amendment. In addition to the circumstances in which a director or officer of the Corporation is not personally liable as set forth in the foregoing provisions of this Article VIII, a director or officer shall not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders to such further extent as permitted by any law hereafter enacted, including, without limitation, any subsequent amendment to the Revised Statutes of the State of NEVADA.

 

 
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Section 4. Advance of expenses. Expenses incurred in defending any proceeding may be advanced by the Corporation prior to the final disposition of such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the officer, director, employee or agent to repay such amount unless it shall be determined ultimately that the officer or director is entitled to be indemnified as authorized by this Article.

 

Section 5. Insurance. The corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or agent of the Corporation against any liability asserted against or incurred by the officer, director, employee or agent in such capacity or arising out of such person’s status as such whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the officer, or director, employee or agent against such liability under the provisions of this Article.

 

Section 6. Not Exclusive.

 

(a) The indemnification and advancement of expenses authorized in or ordered by a court pursuant to any other section of this Article VIII or any provision of law:

 

(i) does not exclude any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Articles of Incorporation or any statute, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, for either an action in his official capacity or an action in another capacity while holding his office, except that indemnification or for the advancement of

expenses made pursuant to this Article VIII may not be made to or on behalf of any director or officer if a final adjudication establishes that his acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law and was material to the cause of action; and

 

(ii) continues for a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and inures to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

 

(b) Without limiting the foregoing, the Corporation is authorized to enter into an agreement with any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation providing indemnification for such person against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement that result from any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including any action by or in the right of the Corporation, that arises by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, to the full extent allowed by law, except that no such agreement

 

 
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