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EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallasfhlbdallas-93018xex_321.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallasfhlbdallas-93018xex_312.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallasfhlbdallas-93018xex_311.htm
EX-10.2 - EXHIBIT 10.2 - Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallasfhlbdallas-93018xex_102.htm
EX-10.1 - EXHIBIT 10.1 - Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallasfhlbdallas-93018xex_101.htm

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
þ
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
OR
o
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number 000-51405
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Federally chartered corporation
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)
 
71-6013989
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
 
 
8500 Freeport Parkway South, Suite 600
Irving, TX
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
75063-2547
(Zip code)
(214) 441-8500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant [1] has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and [2] has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (17 C.F.R. §232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated
filer o
 
Accelerated
filer o
 
Non-accelerated
filer þ
 
Smaller reporting
company o
 
Emerging growth
company o
 
 
 
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
At October 31, 2018, the registrant had outstanding 25,814,781 shares of its Class B Capital Stock, $100 par value per share.
 



FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EX-10.1
 EX-10.2
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1
 EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
 EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT




PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
STATEMENTS OF CONDITION
(Unaudited; in thousands, except share data)
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
ASSETS
 

 
 

Cash and due from banks
$
55,409

 
$
87,965

Interest-bearing deposits
1,800,287

 
299

Securities purchased under agreements to resell (Note 11)
4,240,000

 
6,700,000

Federal funds sold
4,785,000

 
7,780,000

Trading securities (Note 3)
1,539,265

 
114,230

Available-for-sale securities (Notes 4, 11 and 16) ($719,152 and $747,230 pledged at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, which could be rehypothecated)
15,488,136

 
14,402,398

Held-to-maturity securities (a) (Note 5)
1,581,011

 
1,944,537

Advances (Notes 6 and 8)
42,241,727

 
36,460,524

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses of $382 and $271 at
September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively (Notes 7 and 8)
1,795,194

 
877,852

Accrued interest receivable
138,561

 
110,957

Premises and equipment, net
16,725

 
17,099

Derivative assets (Notes 11 and 12)
4,237

 
17,225

Other assets (including $14,104 of securities held at fair value at September 30, 2018)
24,547

 
11,215

TOTAL ASSETS
$
73,710,099

 
$
68,524,301

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
 
 
 
Deposits
 
 
 
Interest-bearing
$
1,016,019

 
$
843,690

Non-interest bearing
19

 
19

Total deposits
1,016,038

 
843,709

Consolidated obligations (Note 9)
 
 
 
Discount notes
33,996,816

 
32,510,758

Bonds
34,382,344

 
31,376,858

Total consolidated obligations
68,379,160

 
63,887,616

 
 
 
 
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
6,877

 
5,941

Accrued interest payable
111,186

 
69,756

Affordable Housing Program (Note 10)
38,750

 
31,246

Derivative liabilities (Notes 11 and 12)
18,501

 
10,960

Other liabilities (Note 4)
209,042

 
195,047

Total liabilities
69,779,554

 
65,044,275

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 8 and 16)


 


 
 
 
 
CAPITAL (Note 13)
 
 
 
Capital stock
 
 
 
Capital stock — Class B-1 putable ($100 par value) issued and outstanding shares: 9,066,472 and 8,534,625 shares at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
906,647

 
853,462

Capital stock — Class B-2 putable ($100 par value) issued and outstanding shares: 17,021,517 and 14,644,748 shares at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
1,702,152

 
1,464,475

Total Class B Capital Stock
2,608,799

 
2,317,937

Retained earnings
 
 
 
Unrestricted
904,525

 
832,826

Restricted
137,066

 
108,937

Total retained earnings
1,041,591

 
941,763

Accumulated other comprehensive income (Note 19)
280,155

 
220,326

Total capital
3,930,545

 
3,480,026

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
$
73,710,099

 
$
68,524,301

_____________________________
(a) 
Fair values: $1,604,233 and $1,971,038 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

1


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited, in thousands)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
INTEREST INCOME
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
$
236,372

 
$
123,268

 
$
590,387

 
$
294,405

Prepayment fees on advances, net
 
42

 
366

 
2,611

 
1,310

Interest-bearing deposits
 
6,222

 
697

 
7,930

 
1,635

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
19,583

 
1,963

 
42,507

 
3,685

Federal funds sold
 
23,085

 
25,748

 
69,490

 
56,073

Trading securities
 
6,369

 
581

 
9,535

 
1,729

Available-for-sale securities
 
112,670

 
64,171

 
297,030

 
169,756

Held-to-maturity securities
 
11,742

 
9,557

 
33,666

 
27,220

Mortgage loans held for portfolio
 
14,865

 
4,502

 
33,953

 
8,462

Total interest income
 
430,950

 
230,853

 
1,087,109

 
564,275

INTEREST EXPENSE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds
 
177,308

 
88,201

 
467,179

 
226,548

Discount notes
 
168,634

 
77,612

 
384,130

 
153,947

Deposits
 
3,945

 
2,463

 
10,524

 
6,838

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
20

 
40

 
51

 
91

Other borrowings
 
2

 
45

 
79

 
99

Total interest expense
 
349,909

 
168,361

 
861,963

 
387,523

NET INTEREST INCOME
 
81,041

 
62,492

 
225,146

 
176,752

Provision for mortgage loan losses
 
104

 

 
111

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
 
80,937

 
62,492

 
225,035

 
176,752

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER INCOME (LOSS)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) on trading securities
 
(1,583
)
 
296

 
(4,473
)
 
2,344

Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
(5,573
)
 
345

 
(6,097
)
 
5,974

Net gains on other assets carried at fair value
 
312

 

 
527

 

Realized gains on sales of held-to-maturity securities
 
1,065

 
2,093

 
1,065

 
3,983

Realized gains on sales of available-for-sale securities
 

 

 

 
1,837

Letter of credit fees
 
2,440

 
2,061

 
6,851

 
5,454

Other, net
 
836

 
668

 
2,323

 
2,318

Total other income (loss)
 
(2,503
)
 
5,463

 
196

 
21,910

OTHER EXPENSE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
12,523

 
12,551

 
36,758

 
38,722

Other operating expenses
 
7,620

 
6,640

 
23,735

 
18,352

Finance Agency
 
877

 
834

 
2,716

 
2,554

Office of Finance
 
1,099

 
1,088

 
2,867

 
2,693

Discretionary grants and donations
 
373

 
2,065

 
1,956

 
3,277

Derivative clearing fees
 
306

 
313

 
926

 
927

Total other expense
 
22,798

 
23,491

 
68,958

 
66,525

INCOME BEFORE ASSESSMENTS
 
55,636

 
44,464

 
156,273

 
132,137

Affordable Housing Program assessment
 
5,565

 
4,451

 
15,632

 
13,223

NET INCOME
 
$
50,071

 
$
40,013

 
$
140,641

 
$
118,914

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

2


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited, in thousands)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
NET INCOME
 
$
50,071

 
$
40,013

 
$
140,641

 
$
118,914

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of unrealized gains and losses relating to hedged interest rate risk included in net income
 
26,598

 
27,278

 
30,735

 
101,518

Reclassification adjustment for realized gains on sales of available-for-sale securities included in net income
 

 

 

 
(1,837
)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges
 
8,749

 
(917
)
 
27,315

 
(6,668
)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses on cash flow hedges included in net income
 
(464
)
 
491

 
(427
)
 
1,927

Accretion of non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses to the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities
 
717

 
822

 
2,270

 
2,752

Postretirement benefit plan
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost included in net periodic benefit credit
 
5

 
5

 
15

 
15

Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net periodic benefit credit
 
(26
)
 
(9
)
 
(79
)
 
(61
)
Total other comprehensive income
 
35,579

 
27,670

 
59,829

 
97,646

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
$
85,650

 
$
67,683

 
$
200,470

 
$
216,560


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

3




FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017
(Unaudited, in thousands)

 
Capital Stock
Class B-1 - Putable
(Membership/Excess)
 
Capital Stock
Class B-2 - Putable
(Activity)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated
 Other
Comprehensive
 Income
 
 
 
 
 
Retained Earnings
 
 
Total
 Capital
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
Unrestricted
 
Restricted
 
Total
 
 
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2018
8,534

 
$
853,462

 
14,645

 
$
1,464,475

 
$
832,826

 
$
108,937

 
$
941,763

 
$
220,326

 
$
3,480,026

Net transfers of shares between Class B-1 and Class B-2 Stock
12,658

 
1,265,790

 
(12,658
)
 
(1,265,790
)
 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from sale of capital stock
115

 
11,527

 
15,035

 
1,503,467

 

 

 

 

 
1,514,994

Repurchase/redemption of capital stock
(12,583
)
 
(1,258,289
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,258,289
)
Shares reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock
(64
)
 
(6,421
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(6,421
)
Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income

 

 

 

 
112,512

 
28,129

 
140,641

 

 
140,641

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
59,829

 
59,829

Dividends on capital stock (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash

 

 

 

 
(198
)
 

 
(198
)
 

 
(198
)
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock

 

 

 

 
(37
)
 

 
(37
)
 

 
(37
)
Stock
406

 
40,578

 

 

 
(40,578
)
 

 
(40,578
)
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
9,066

 
$
906,647

 
17,022

 
$
1,702,152

 
$
904,525

 
$
137,066

 
$
1,041,591

 
$
280,155

 
$
3,930,545

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2017
6,904

 
$
690,411

 
12,397

 
$
1,239,737

 
$
745,104

 
$
78,880

 
$
823,984

 
$
63,210

 
$
2,817,342

Net transfers of shares between Class B-1 and Class B-2 Stock
8,252

 
825,222

 
(8,252
)
 
(825,222
)
 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from sale of capital stock
72

 
7,225

 
9,984

 
998,353

 

 

 

 

 
1,005,578

Repurchase/redemption of capital stock
(7,303
)
 
(730,329
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(730,329
)
Shares reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock
(79
)
 
(7,963
)
 
(123
)
 
(12,267
)
 

 

 

 

 
(20,230
)
Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Net income

 

 

 

 
95,131

 
23,783

 
118,914

 

 
118,914

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
97,646

 
97,646

Dividends on capital stock (b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash

 

 

 

 
(198
)
 

 
(198
)
 

 
(198
)
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock

 

 

 

 
(138
)
 

 
(138
)
 

 
(138
)
Stock
216

 
21,648

 

 

 
(21,648
)
 

 
(21,648
)
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
8,062

 
$
806,214

 
14,006

 
$
1,400,601

 
$
818,251

 
$
102,663

 
$
920,914

 
$
160,856

 
$
3,288,585


(a) Dividends were paid at annualized rates of 1.33 percent and 2.33 percent on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock, respectively, in the first quarter of 2018; at 1.65 percent and 2.65 percent on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock, respectively, in the second quarter of 2018 and at 1.97 percent and 2.97 percent on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock, respectively, in the third quarter of 2018.

(b) Dividends were paid at annualized rates of 0.599 percent and 1.599 percent on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock, respectively, in the first quarter of 2017; at 0.83 percent and 1.83 percent on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock, respectively, in the second quarter of 2017 and at 1.06 percent and 2.06 percent on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock, respectively, in the third quarter of 2017.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

4


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net income
$
140,641

 
$
118,914

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
Net premiums and discounts on advances, consolidated obligations, investments and mortgage loans
79,461

 
69,451

Concessions on consolidated obligations
3,864

 
3,233

Premises, equipment and computer software costs
2,797

 
2,770

Non-cash interest on mandatorily redeemable capital stock
52

 
61

Provision for mortgage loan losses
111

 

Gains on sales of held-to-maturity securities
(1,065
)
 
(3,983
)
Gains on sales of available-for-sale securities

 
(1,837
)
Net gains on other assets carried at fair value
(527
)
 

Net decrease (increase) in trading securities
4,473

 
(2,751
)
Loss due to changes in net fair value adjustment on derivative and hedging activities
348,923

 
32,759

Increase in accrued interest receivable
(27,779
)
 
(24,600
)
Decrease in other assets
559

 
4,486

Increase in Affordable Housing Program (AHP) liability
7,504

 
6,685

Increase in accrued interest payable
41,414

 
24,402

Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
(270
)
 
2,246

Total adjustments
459,517

 
112,922

Net cash provided by operating activities
600,158

 
231,836

 
 
 
 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net decrease (increase) in interest-bearing deposits, including swap collateral pledged
(1,874,062
)
 
80,051

Net decrease in securities purchased under agreements to resell
2,460,000

 
800,000

Net decrease (increase) in federal funds sold
2,995,000

 
(3,588,000
)
Decrease in loan to other FHLBank

 
290,000

Purchases of trading securities
(1,436,111
)
 

Purchases of available-for-sale securities
(1,873,531
)
 
(2,380,099
)
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities
225,837

 
412,625

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities

 
250,262

Proceeds from sales of held-to-maturity securities
42,563

 
162,789

Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities
326,011

 
438,128

Purchases of held-to-maturity securities

 
(125,000
)
Principal collected on advances
636,391,818

 
408,582,680

Advances made
(642,233,887
)
 
(412,379,559
)
Principal collected on mortgage loans held for portfolio
67,403

 
17,268

Purchases of mortgage loans held for portfolio
(985,489
)
 
(468,033
)
Purchases of premises, equipment and computer software
(3,699
)
 
(2,695
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(5,898,147
)
 
(7,909,583
)
 
 
 
 

5


 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in deposits, including swap collateral held
284,519

 
(138,458
)
Net receipts (payments) on derivative contracts with financing elements
103,849

 
(65,707
)
Increase in loan from other FHLBank

 
250,000

Net proceeds from issuance of consolidated obligations
 

 
 
Discount notes
195,558,661

 
267,181,998

Bonds
17,441,601

 
16,764,354

Debt issuance costs
(4,525
)
 
(3,854
)
Payments for maturing and retiring consolidated obligations
 
 
 
Discount notes
(194,129,075
)
 
(262,710,106
)
Bonds
(14,240,530
)
 
(13,738,885
)
Proceeds from issuance of capital stock
1,514,994

 
1,005,578

Payments for redemption of mandatorily redeemable capital stock
(5,574
)
 
(16,814
)
Payments for repurchase/redemption of capital stock
(1,258,289
)
 
(730,329
)
Cash dividends paid
(198
)
 
(198
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
5,265,433

 
7,797,579

 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(32,556
)
 
119,832

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period
87,965

 
27,696

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period
$
55,409

 
$
147,528

 
 
 
 
Supplemental Disclosures:
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
763,507

 
$
341,792

AHP payments, net
$
8,128

 
$
6,538

Stock dividends issued
$
40,578

 
$
21,648

Dividends paid through issuance of mandatorily redeemable capital stock
$
37

 
$
138

Variation margin recharacterized as settlement payments on derivative contracts (Note 11)
$
250,468

 
$
72,053

Net capital stock reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock
$
6,421

 
$
20,230


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

6


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DALLAS
NOTES TO INTERIM UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1—Basis of Presentation
The accompanying interim financial statements of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (the “Bank”) are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions provided by Article 10, Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The financial statements contain all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the Bank’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments were of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other interim period.
The Bank’s significant accounting policies and certain other disclosures are set forth in the notes to the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The interim financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the Bank’s audited financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in the Bank’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on March 22, 2018 (the “2017 10-K”). The notes to the interim financial statements update and/or highlight significant changes to the notes included in the 2017 10-K.
The Bank is one of 11 district Federal Home Loan Banks, each individually a “FHLBank” and collectively the “FHLBanks,” and, together with the Office of Finance, a joint office of the FHLBanks, the “FHLBank System.” The Office of Finance manages the sale and servicing of the FHLBanks’ consolidated obligations. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (“Finance Agency”), an independent agency in the executive branch of the U.S. government, supervises and regulates the housing government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), including the FHLBanks and the Office of Finance.
     Use of Estimates and Assumptions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make assumptions and estimates. These assumptions and estimates may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. Significant estimates include the valuations of the Bank’s investment securities, as well as its derivative instruments and any associated hedged items. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Note 2—Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2014-09"), which outlines a comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. In addition, ASU 2014-09 amends the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of non-financial assets that are not in a contract with a customer. ASU 2014-09 applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of certain other standards, such as financial instruments, certain guarantees, insurance contracts, and lease contracts. The guidance in ASU 2014-09 was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016 (January 1, 2017 for the Bank). Early application was not permitted. On August 12, 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 "Deferral of Effective Date," which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. Earlier application was permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Bank adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Bank's results of operations or financial condition.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. On January 5, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01"), which makes targeted improvements to existing U.S. GAAP by: (i) requiring certain equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings, (ii) simplifying the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, (iii) requiring public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, (iv) requiring separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the statement of condition or in the accompanying notes to the financial statements, (v) eliminating the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for organizations that are not public business entities, (vi) eliminating the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the statement of condition, (vii) requiring a reporting organization to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk (also referred to as “own credit”) when the organization has

7


elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, and (viii) clarifying that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets. For public business entities, the guidance in ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption was permitted for certain provisions. The Bank adopted ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018. In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Bank reclassified $12,082,000 of marketable equity securities (which consist solely of mutual fund investments associated with the Bank's non-qualified deferred compensation plans) from trading securities to other assets on January 1, 2018. Other than this reclassification, the adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not have any impact on the Bank's results of operations or financial condition.
Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. On August 26, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which clarifies the guidance for classifying certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is intended to reduce existing diversity in practice regarding eight specific cash flow presentation issues. For public business entities, the guidance in ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, is permitted. The guidance is to be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. If it is impracticable to apply the amendments retrospectively for some of the issues, the amendments for those issues would be applied as if the change was made prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Bank adopted ASU 2016-15 on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have any impact on the Bank's statement of cash flows, nor did it have any impact on the Bank's results of operations or financial condition.
Restricted Cash. On November 17, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Restricted Cash" ("ASU 2016-18"), which clarifies the guidance for classifying and presenting certain cash transfers, cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is intended to reduce existing diversity in practice regarding restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. For public business entities, the guidance in ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, is permitted. The guidance is to be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 on January 1, 2018 did not have any impact on the Bank's statement of cash flows, nor did it have any impact on the Bank's results of operations or financial condition.
Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. On March 10, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, "Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" ("ASU 2017-07"). ASU 2017-07 requires an employer to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost (net benefit cost). ASU 2017-07 requires an employer to report the service cost component in the same income statement line item as other compensation costs. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component. Further, ASU 2017-07 allows only the service cost component of net benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. For public business entities, the guidance in ASU 2017-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in ASU 2017-07 are to be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the income statement and prospectively, on and after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit cost in assets. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2017-07 on January 1, 2018, the Bank continues to report the service cost component of its net periodic postretirement benefit cost in compensation and benefits expense. On and after January 1, 2018, the Bank reports the other components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost (which in aggregate were credits of $17,000 and $50,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively) in "other, net" in the other income (loss) section of the statement of income. Because the components of the Bank's net periodic postretirement benefit cost other than the service cost component were insignificant for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (see Note 14), such amounts were not reclassified and are reported in compensation and benefits expense for that period. The adoption of ASU 2017-07 did not have any impact on the Bank's financial condition.
Derivatives and Hedging. On August 28, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which is intended to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. This guidance requires that, for fair value hedges, the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness be presented in the same income statement line that is used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item. For cash flow hedges, the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness must be recorded in other comprehensive income. In addition, the guidance provides for, but does not require, the use of a qualitative method of assessing hedge effectiveness. Among other things, the guidance also permits, but does not require, the following:

8


For fair value hedges, measurement of the change in fair value of the hedged item on the basis of the benchmark rate component of the contractual coupon cash flows determined at hedge inception.
Partial-term fair value hedges of interest-rate risk, in which it can be assumed that the hedged item has a term that reflects only the designated cash flows being hedged.
For prepayable financial instruments, consideration only of how changes in the benchmark interest rate affect a decision to settle a debt instrument before its scheduled maturity in calculating the change in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to interest rate risk.
For a cash flow hedge of interest-rate risk of a variable-rate financial instrument, designation of the variability in cash flows attributable to the contractually specified interest rate as the hedged risk (when the contractually specified variable rate is not a benchmark rate).
For a closed portfolio of prepayable financial assets or one or more beneficial interests secured by a portfolio of prepayable financial instruments, designation of an amount that is not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults and other events affecting the timing and amount of cash flows as a hedged item (commonly referred to as the "last-of-layer" method).
For public business entities, the guidance in ASU 2017-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for the Bank), and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, is permitted. If an entity early adopts ASU 2017-12 in an interim period, any adjustments must be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. For cash flow hedges existing on the date of adoption, an entity is required to eliminate the separate measurement of ineffectiveness in earnings by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Among other things, an entity may elect at transition to modify the measurement methodology for hedged items in existing fair value hedges to the benchmark rate component of the contractual coupon cash flows. The cumulative effect of applying this election is recognized as an adjustment to the basis adjustment of the hedged item recognized on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively.
The Bank will adopt ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2019. At adoption, the Bank does not intend to modify any of its then existing fair value or cash flow hedging relationships. Because the Bank has not had any ineffectiveness associated with its cash flow hedges, it does not currently expect that a cumulative effect adjustment relating to such hedges will be required. ASU 2017-12 will prospectively affect the Bank’s income statement presentation for fair value hedge ineffectiveness and, consequently, will result in more variability in the Bank's net interest income and, correspondingly, its total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities. This required change in presentation will not have any impact on the Bank's net income. For some of its fair value hedging relationships entered into after January 1, 2019, the Bank may elect to use the benchmark rate component of the coupon cash flows to measure the hedged item. Following adoption, the Bank does not expect to change the way in which it assesses the effectiveness of its hedging relationships. Finally, the Bank is continuing to assess other opportunities that are available under the new guidance including, but not limited to, the potential reclassification at adoption of certain debt securities from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale and the post adoption use of the last-of-layer method.
Fair Value Measurement Disclosures. On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" ("ASU 2018-13"), which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in an effort to improve disclosure effectiveness. ASU 2018-13 removes or modifies certain existing disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements, including a clarification that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is intended to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date. In addition to the limited removals and modifications, the guidance requires public business entities to disclose: (i) the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and (ii) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements (together, the "new disclosure requirements").
The amendments in ASU 2018-13 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 (January 1, 2020 for the Bank). The new disclosure requirements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty are to be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments are to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted. In addition, an entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 will not have any impact on the Bank's results of operations or financial condition.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosures. On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, "Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans" ("ASU 2018-14"), which modifies the disclosure requirements for

9


defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans in an effort to improve disclosure effectiveness. ASU 2018-14 removes specified disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of certain other disclosures, and requires new disclosures regarding (i) the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and (ii) an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period.
For public business entities, ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. The adoption of ASU 2018-14 is expected to have a minimal impact on the Bank's disclosures and it will not have any impact on the Bank's results of operations or financial condition.
Implementation Costs Associated with Cloud Computing Arrangements. On August 29, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, "Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract" ("ASU 2018-15"), which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs associated with a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). ASU 2018-15 also addresses the term over which these capitalized implementation costs should be expensed. ASU 2018-15 does not affect the accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract.
For public business entities, ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 (January 1, 2020 for the Bank). Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The guidance is to be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Bank's results of operations or financial condition.
Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate Overnight Index Swap Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate. On October 25, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, "Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes" ("ASU 2018-16"). ASU 2018-16 adds the OIS rate based on SOFR (a swap rate based on the underlying overnight SOFR rate) as an eligible benchmark interest rate for purposes of applying hedge accounting. SOFR is a volume-weighted median interest rate that is calculated daily based on overnight transactions from the prior day's trading activity in specified segments of the U.S. Treasury repo market. SOFR was selected by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee as its preferred alternative reference rate to LIBOR.
For entities that have not already adopted ASU 2017-12, the guidance in ASU 2018-16 is required to be adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU 2017-12 (January 1, 2019 for the Bank). The guidance is to be applied prospectively to qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on and after the date of adoption.

Note 3—Trading Securities
Trading securities as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
U.S. Treasury Notes
$
844,413

 
$
102,148

U.S. Treasury Bills
694,852

 

Other

 
12,082

Total
$
1,539,265

 
$
114,230

Other trading securities consisted solely of mutual fund investments associated with the Bank's non-qualified deferred compensation plans. As discussed in Note 2, these investments were reclassified to other assets effective January 1, 2018.



10


Note 4—Available-for-Sale Securities
 Major Security Types. Available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
 Unrealized
 Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed obligations
$
438,814

 
$
8,979

 
$

 
$
447,793

GSE obligations
5,549,359

 
100,916

 
909

 
5,649,366

Other
170,227

 
780

 

 
171,007

 
6,158,400

 
110,675

 
909

 
6,268,166

GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities
9,086,776

 
136,742

 
3,548

 
9,219,970

Total
$
15,245,176

 
$
247,417

 
$
4,457

 
$
15,488,136

Included in the table above are GSE commercial mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") that were purchased but which had not yet settled as of September 30, 2018. The aggregate amount due of $172,201,000 is included in other liabilities on the statement of condition at that date.
Available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
 Unrealized
 Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed obligations
$
470,436

 
$
8,602

 
$

 
$
479,038

GSE obligations
5,911,841

 
90,938

 
107

 
6,002,672

Other
173,920

 
975

 

 
174,895

 
6,556,197

 
100,515

 
107

 
6,656,605

GSE commercial MBS
7,633,976

 
113,073

 
1,256

 
7,745,793

Total
$
14,190,173

 
$
213,588

 
$
1,363

 
$
14,402,398

Included in the table above are GSE commercial MBS that were purchased but which had not yet settled as of December 31, 2017. The aggregate amount due of $157,980,000 is included in other liabilities on the statement of condition at that date.
Other debentures are comprised of securities issued by the Private Export Funding Corporation ("PEFCO"). These debentures are fully secured by U.S. government-guaranteed obligations and the payment of interest on the debentures is guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government. The amortized cost of the Bank's available-for-sale securities includes hedging adjustments.
The following table summarizes (in thousands, except number of positions) the available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2018. The unrealized losses are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position.
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Number
 of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
 of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
 of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
GSE debentures
3

 
$
196,060

 
$
909

 

 
$

 
$

 
3

 
$
196,060

 
$
909

GSE commercial MBS
36

 
982,073

 
3,477

 
3

 
1,055

 
71

 
39

 
983,128

 
3,548

Total
39

 
$
1,178,133

 
$
4,386

 
3

 
$
1,055

 
$
71

 
42

 
$
1,179,188

 
$
4,457



11


The following table summarizes (in thousands, except number of positions) the available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2017. The unrealized losses are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position.
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
GSE debentures
1

 
$
50,374

 
$
107

 

 
$

 
$

 
1

 
$
50,374

 
$
107

GSE commercial MBS
8

 
163,594

 
593

 
16

 
299,511

 
663

 
24

 
463,105

 
1,256

Total
9

 
$
213,968

 
$
700

 
16

 
$
299,511

 
$
663

 
25

 
$
513,479

 
$
1,363


At September 30, 2018, the gross unrealized losses on the Bank’s available-for-sale securities were $4,457,000. All of the Bank's available-for-sale securities are either guaranteed by the U.S. government, issued by GSEs, or fully secured by collateral that is guaranteed by the U.S government. As of September 30, 2018, the U.S. government and the issuers of the Bank’s holdings of GSE debentures and GSE MBS were rated triple-A by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings, Ltd. (“Fitch”) and AA+ by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”). The Bank's holdings of PEFCO debentures are rated triple-A by Moody's and Fitch, and are not rated by S&P. Based upon the Bank's assessment of the creditworthiness of the issuers of the GSE debentures that were in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 and the credit ratings assigned by each of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), the Bank expects that these debentures would not be settled at an amount less than the Bank's amortized cost bases in the investments. In addition, based upon the Bank's assessment of the strength of the GSEs' guarantees of the Bank's holdings of GSE commercial MBS and the credit ratings assigned by each of the NRSROs, the Bank expects that its holdings of GSE commercial MBS that were in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 would not be settled at an amount less than the Bank’s amortized cost bases in these investments. Because the current market value deficits associated with the Bank's available-for-sale securities are not attributable to credit quality, and because the Bank does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, the Bank does not consider any of these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2018.
Redemption Terms. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are presented below (in thousands).
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Maturity
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
389,392

 
$
389,886

 
$
238,017

 
$
238,292

 
Due after one year through five years
 
2,396,125

 
2,422,930

 
2,756,755

 
2,786,327

 
Due after five years through ten years
 
3,240,405

 
3,318,685

 
3,341,470

 
3,407,595

 
Due after ten years
 
132,478

 
136,665

 
219,955

 
224,391

 
 
 
6,158,400

 
6,268,166

 
6,556,197

 
6,656,605

 
GSE commercial MBS
 
9,086,776

 
9,219,970

 
7,633,976

 
7,745,793

 
Total
 
$
15,245,176

 
$
15,488,136

 
$
14,190,173

 
$
14,402,398

Interest Rate Payment Terms. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all of the Bank's available-for-sale securities were fixed rate securities which were swapped to a variable rate.
Sales of Securities. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or the three months ended September 30, 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Bank sold available-for-sale securities with an amortized cost (determined by the specific identification method) of $248,425,000. Proceeds from the sales totaled $250,262,000, resulting in realized gains of $1,837,000.



12


Note 5—Held-to-Maturity Securities
     Major Security Types. Held-to-maturity securities as of September 30, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
 
Amortized
Cost
 
OTTI Recorded in
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Carrying
Value
 
Gross
Unrecognized
Holding
Gains
 
Gross
Unrecognized
Holding
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed obligations
$
7,977

 
$

 
$
7,977

 
$
24

 
$

 
$
8,001

State housing agency obligations
135,000

 

 
135,000

 
10

 
1,474

 
133,536

 
142,977

 

 
142,977

 
34

 
1,474

 
141,537

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed residential MBS
491

 

 
491

 
3

 

 
494

GSE residential MBS
1,369,107

 

 
1,369,107

 
9,384

 
203

 
1,378,288

Non-agency residential MBS
79,767

 
11,331

 
68,436

 
15,693

 
215

 
83,914

 
1,449,365

 
11,331

 
1,438,034

 
25,080

 
418

 
1,462,696

Total
$
1,592,342

 
$
11,331

 
$
1,581,011

 
$
25,114

 
$
1,892

 
$
1,604,233


Held-to-maturity securities as of December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 
Amortized
Cost
 
OTTI Recorded in
 Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Carrying
Value
 
Gross
Unrecognized
Holding
Gains
 
Gross
Unrecognized
Holding
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed obligations
$
10,774

 
$

 
$
10,774

 
$
7

 
$
20

 
$
10,761

State housing agency obligations
160,000

 

 
160,000

 
537

 
304

 
160,233

 
170,774

 

 
170,774

 
544

 
324

 
170,994

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed residential MBS
1,909

 

 
1,909

 
4

 

 
1,913

GSE residential MBS
1,655,625

 

 
1,655,625

 
12,336

 
1,630

 
1,666,331

Non-agency residential MBS
94,565

 
13,601

 
80,964

 
16,198

 
629

 
96,533

GSE commercial MBS
35,265

 

 
35,265

 
2

 

 
35,267

 
1,787,364

 
13,601

 
1,773,763

 
28,540

 
2,259

 
1,800,044

Total
$
1,958,138

 
$
13,601

 
$
1,944,537

 
$
29,084

 
$
2,583

 
$
1,971,038



13


The following table summarizes (in thousands, except number of positions) the held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2018. The unrealized losses include other-than-temporary impairments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") and gross unrecognized holding losses (or, in the case of the Bank's holdings of non-agency residential MBS, gross unrecognized holding gains) and are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position.
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State housing agency obligations

 
$

 
$

 
1

 
$
33,527

 
$
1,474

 
1

 
$
33,527

 
$
1,474

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE residential MBS
5

 
47,739

 
43

 
5

 
75,870

 
160

 
10

 
123,609

 
203

Non-agency residential MBS

 

 

 
10

 
31,061

 
797

 
10

 
31,061

 
797

Total
5

 
$
47,739

 
$
43

 
16

 
$
140,458

 
$
2,431

 
21

 
$
188,197

 
$
2,474


The following table summarizes (in thousands, except number of positions) the held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2017. The unrealized losses include other-than-temporary impairments recorded in AOCI and gross unrecognized holding losses (or, in the case of the Bank's holdings of non-agency residential MBS, gross unrecognized holding gains) and are aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position.
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number of
Positions
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed obligations
1

 
$
4,834

 
$
20

 

 
$

 
$

 
1

 
$
4,834

 
$
20

State housing agency obligations
1

 
34,696

 
304

 

 

 

 
1

 
34,696

 
304

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE residential MBS
16

 
146,146

 
177

 
17

 
415,080

 
1,453

 
33

 
561,226

 
1,630

Non-agency residential MBS

 

 

 
13

 
48,403

 
1,980

 
13

 
48,403

 
1,980

Total
18

 
$
185,676

 
$
501

 
30

 
$
463,483

 
$
3,433

 
48

 
$
649,159

 
$
3,934


At September 30, 2018, the gross unrealized losses on the Bank’s held-to-maturity securities were $2,474,000, of which $797,000 were attributable to its holdings of non-agency (i.e., private-label) residential MBS, $203,000 were attributable to securities that are issued and guaranteed by GSEs and $1,474,000 were attributable to a security issued by a state housing agency.
As of September 30, 2018, the U.S. government and the issuers of the Bank’s holdings of GSE MBS were rated triple-A by Moody’s and Fitch and AA+ by S&P. Based upon the credit ratings assigned by the NRSROs and the Bank's assessment of the strength of the GSEs’ guarantees of the Bank’s holdings of GSE MBS, the Bank expects that its holdings of GSE MBS that were in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 would not be settled at an amount less than the Bank’s amortized cost bases in these investments. In addition, based upon the Bank's assessment of the creditworthiness of the state housing agency and the triple-A credit ratings assigned by Moody's and S&P, the Bank expects that the state housing agency debenture that was in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 would not be settled at an amount less than the Bank’s amortized cost basis in this investment. Because the current market value deficits associated with these securities are not attributable to credit quality, and because the Bank does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, the Bank does not consider any of these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2018.
The deterioration in the U.S. housing markets that occurred primarily during the period from 2007 through 2011, as reflected during that period by declines in the values of residential real estate and higher levels of delinquencies, defaults and losses on residential mortgages, including the mortgages underlying the Bank’s non-agency residential MBS (“RMBS”), generally increased the risk that the Bank may not ultimately recover the entire cost bases of some of its non-agency RMBS. However, based upon its analysis of the securities in this portfolio, the Bank believes that the unrealized losses as of

14


September 30, 2018 were principally the result of liquidity risk related discounts in the non-agency RMBS market and do not accurately reflect the currently likely future credit performance of the securities.
Because the ultimate receipt of contractual payments on the Bank’s non-agency RMBS will depend upon the credit and prepayment performance of the underlying loans and the credit enhancements for the senior securities owned by the Bank, the Bank closely monitors these investments in an effort to determine whether the credit enhancement associated with each security is sufficient to protect against potential losses of principal and interest on the underlying mortgage loans. The credit enhancement for each of the Bank’s non-agency RMBS is provided by a senior/subordinate structure, and none of the securities owned by the Bank are insured by third-party bond insurers. More specifically, each of the Bank’s non-agency RMBS represents a single security class within a securitization that has multiple classes of securities. Each security class has a distinct claim on the cash flows from the underlying mortgage loans, with the subordinate securities having a junior claim relative to the more senior securities. The Bank’s non-agency RMBS have a senior claim on the cash flows from the underlying mortgage loans.
To assess whether the entire amortized cost bases of its 22 non-agency RMBS holdings are likely to be recovered, the Bank performed a cash flow analysis for each security as of September 30, 2018 using two third-party models. The first model considers borrower characteristics and the particular attributes of the loans underlying the Bank’s securities, in conjunction with assumptions about future changes in home prices and interest rates, to project prepayments, defaults and loss severities. A significant input to the first model is the forecast of future housing price changes for the relevant states and core based statistical areas (“CBSAs”), which are based upon an assessment of the individual housing markets. (The term “CBSA” refers collectively to metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget; as currently defined, a CBSA must contain at least one urban area of 10,000 or more people.) The Bank’s housing price forecast as of September 30, 2018 assumed changes in home prices ranging from declines of 10 percent to increases of 15 percent over the 12-month period beginning July 1, 2018. For the vast majority of markets, the changes were projected to range from increases of 3 percent to 7 percent. Thereafter, home price changes for each market were projected to return (at varying rates and over varying transition periods based on historical housing price patterns) to their long-term historical equilibrium levels. Following these transition periods, the constant long-term annual rates of appreciation for the vast majority of markets were projected to range between 2 percent and 5 percent.
The month-by-month projections of future loan performance derived from the first model, which reflect projected prepayments, defaults and loss severities, are then input into a second model that allocates the projected loan level cash flows and losses to the various security classes in the securitization structure in accordance with its prescribed cash flow and loss allocation rules. In a securitization in which the credit enhancement for the senior securities is derived from the presence of subordinate securities, losses are generally allocated first to the subordinate securities until their principal balance is reduced to zero.
Based on the results of its cash flow analyses, the Bank determined it is likely that it will fully recover the remaining amortized cost bases of all of its non-agency RMBS. Because the Bank does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their remaining amortized cost bases, none of the Bank's non-agency RMBS were deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2018.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, one of the Bank's non-agency RMBS was determined to be other-than-temporarily impaired. In addition, 14 of the Bank's non-agency RMBS were determined to be other-than-temporarily impaired in periods prior to 2013.
The following table presents a rollforward for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 of the amount related to credit losses on the Bank’s non-agency RMBS holdings for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income (in thousands).
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Balance of credit losses, beginning of period
$
8,974

 
$
9,961

 
$
9,443

 
$
10,515

Increases in cash flows expected to be collected (accreted as interest income over the remaining lives of the applicable securities)
(218
)
 
(263
)
 
(687
)
 
(817
)
Balance of credit losses, end of period
8,756

 
9,698

 
8,756

 
9,698

Cumulative principal shortfalls on securities held at end of period
(2,073
)
 
(1,973
)
 
(2,073
)
 
(1,973
)
Cumulative amortization of the time value of credit losses at end of period
745

 
550

 
745

 
550

Credit losses included in the amortized cost bases of other-than-temporarily impaired securities at end of period
$
7,428

 
$
8,275

 
$
7,428

 
$
8,275


15


Redemption Terms. The amortized cost, carrying value and estimated fair value of held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are presented below (in thousands). The expected maturities of some debentures could differ from the contractual maturities presented because issuers may have the right to call such debentures prior to their final stated maturities.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Maturity
 
Amortized Cost
 
Carrying Value
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Carrying Value
 
Estimated Fair Value
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,425

 
$
1,425

 
$
1,427

Due after one year through five years
 
3,496

 
3,496

 
3,500

 
4,495

 
4,495

 
4,500

Due after five years through ten years
 
4,481

 
4,481

 
4,500

 
4,854

 
4,854

 
4,834

Due after ten years
 
135,000

 
135,000

 
133,537

 
160,000

 
160,000

 
160,233

 
 
142,977

 
142,977

 
141,537

 
170,774

 
170,774

 
170,994

Mortgage-backed securities
 
1,449,365

 
1,438,034

 
1,462,696

 
1,787,364

 
1,773,763

 
1,800,044

Total
 
$
1,592,342

 
$
1,581,011

 
$
1,604,233

 
$
1,958,138

 
$
1,944,537

 
$
1,971,038


The amortized cost of the Bank’s mortgage-backed securities classified as held-to-maturity includes net purchase discounts of $2,796,000 and $4,895,000 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
     Interest Rate Payment Terms. The following table provides interest rate payment terms for investment securities classified as held-to-maturity at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Amortized cost of variable-rate held-to-maturity securities other than MBS
$
142,977

 
$
170,774

Amortized cost of held-to-maturity MBS
 
 
 
Fixed-rate pass-through securities
74

 
117

Collateralized mortgage obligations
 
 
 
Fixed-rate
154

 
220

Variable-rate
1,449,137

 
1,751,762

Variable-rate multi-family MBS

 
35,265

 
1,449,365

 
1,787,364

Total
$
1,592,342

 
$
1,958,138


All of the Bank’s variable-rate collateralized mortgage obligations classified as held-to-maturity securities have coupon rates that are subject to interest rate caps, none of which were reached during 2017 or the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Sales of Securities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank sold held-to-maturity securities with an amortized cost (determined by the specific identification method) of $41,498,000. Proceeds from the sale totaled $42,563,000, resulting in realized gains of $1,065,000. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Bank sold held-to-maturity securities with an amortized cost (determined by the specific identification method) of $59,763,000 and $158,806,000, respectively. Proceeds from these sales totaled $61,856,000 and $162,789,000, respectively, resulting in realized gains of $2,093,000 and $3,983,000, respectively. For each of these securities, the Bank had previously collected at least 85 percent of the principal outstanding at the time of acquisition. As such, the sales were considered maturities for purposes of security classification.


16


Note 6—Advances
     Redemption Terms. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had advances outstanding at interest rates ranging from 0.88 percent to 8.27 percent and 0.54 percent to 8.27 percent, respectively, as summarized below (dollars in thousands).
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Contractual Maturity
 
Amount
 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
Overdrawn demand deposit accounts
 
$
398

 
2.45
%
 
$
4,826

 
1.55
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
23,693,876

 
2.20

 
23,695,214

 
1.41

Due after one year through two years
 
2,330,550

 
2.41

 
1,735,507

 
1.64

Due after two years through three years
 
1,681,402

 
2.27

 
1,634,252

 
1.87

Due after three years through four years
 
627,725

 
2.40

 
639,113

 
1.94

Due after four years through five years
 
541,866

 
2.60

 
1,064,930

 
1.75

Due after five years
 
12,154,859

 
2.18

 
6,318,785

 
1.49

Amortizing advances
 
1,280,104

 
2.68

 
1,376,084

 
2.66

Total par value
 
42,310,780

 
2.23
%
 
36,468,711

 
1.52
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums
 
13

 
 
 
23

 
 
Deferred net prepayment fees
 
(9,236
)
 
 
 
(11,271
)
 
 
Commitment fees
 
(110
)
 
 
 
(116
)
 
 
Hedging adjustments
 
(59,720
)
 
 
 
3,177

 
 
Total
 
$
42,241,727

 
 
 
$
36,460,524

 
 
The Bank offers advances to members that may be prepaid on specified dates without the member incurring prepayment or termination fees (prepayable and callable advances). The prepayment of other advances requires the payment of a fee to the Bank (prepayment fee) if necessary to make the Bank financially indifferent to the prepayment of the advance. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had aggregate prepayable and callable advances totaling $10,592,732,000 and $9,684,619,000, respectively.
The following table summarizes advances outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, by the earlier of contractual maturity or next call date, or the first date on which prepayable advances can be repaid without a prepayment fee (in thousands):
Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Overdrawn demand deposit accounts
 
$
398

 
$
4,826

 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
33,815,479

 
30,795,524

Due after one year through two years
 
2,161,050

 
1,335,427

Due after two years through three years
 
1,038,403

 
941,452

Due after three years through four years
 
518,255

 
490,913

Due after four years through five years
 
503,116

 
538,660

Due after five years
 
2,993,975

 
985,825

Amortizing advances
 
1,280,104

 
1,376,084

Total par value
 
$
42,310,780

 
$
36,468,711


The Bank also offers putable advances. With a putable advance, the Bank purchases a put option from the member that allows the Bank to terminate the fixed-rate advance on specified dates and offer, subject to certain conditions, replacement funding at prevailing market rates. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had putable advances outstanding totaling $2,641,100,000 and $1,113,500,000, respectively.


17


The following table summarizes advances outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, by the earlier of contractual maturity or next possible put date (in thousands):
Contractual Maturity or Next Put Date
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Overdrawn demand deposit accounts
 
$
398

 
$
4,826

 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
26,221,476

 
24,269,214

Due after one year through two years
 
2,371,550

 
1,785,507

Due after two years through three years
 
1,728,902

 
1,641,752

Due after three years through four years
 
627,725

 
639,113

Due after four years through five years
 
526,866

 
1,029,930

Due after five years
 
9,553,759

 
5,722,285

Amortizing advances
 
1,280,104

 
1,376,084

Total par value
 
$
42,310,780

 
$
36,468,711

    
 Interest Rate Payment Terms. The following table provides interest rate payment terms for advances outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Fixed-rate
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
$
23,304,651

 
$
20,628,666

Due after one year
8,120,042

 
5,543,774

Total fixed-rate
31,424,693

 
26,172,440

Variable-rate
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
454,084

 
3,154,361

Due after one year
10,432,003

 
7,141,910

Total variable-rate
10,886,087

 
10,296,271

Total par value
$
42,310,780

 
$
36,468,711


At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 21 percent and 19 percent, respectively, of the Bank’s fixed-rate advances were swapped to a variable rate.
     Prepayment Fees. When a member/borrower prepays an advance, the Bank could suffer lower future income if the principal portion of the prepaid advance is reinvested in lower-yielding assets. To protect against this risk, the Bank generally charges a prepayment fee that makes it financially indifferent to a borrower’s decision to prepay an advance. The Bank records prepayment fees received from members/borrowers on prepaid advances net of any associated hedging adjustments on those advances. These fees are reflected as interest income in the statements of income either immediately (as prepayment fees on advances) or over time (as interest income on advances) as further described below. In cases in which the Bank funds a new advance concurrent with or within a short period of time before or after the prepayment of an existing advance and the advance meets the accounting criteria to qualify as a modification of the prepaid advance, the net prepayment fee on the prepaid advance is deferred, recorded in the basis of the modified advance, and amortized into interest income on advances over the life of the modified advance using the level-yield method. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, gross advance prepayment fees received from members/borrowers were $29,000 and $712,000, respectively, of which $0 and $476,000, respectively, were deferred. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, gross advance prepayment fees received from members/borrowers were $1,788,000 and $1,578,000, respectively, of which $0 and $695,000, respectively, were deferred.
The Bank also offers advances that include a symmetrical prepayment feature which allows a member to prepay an advance at the lower of par value or fair value plus a make-whole amount payable to the Bank. There were no prepayments of symmetrical prepayment advances during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, symmetrical prepayment advances with aggregate par values of $6,000,000 and $17,000,000, respectively, were prepaid. The differences by which the par values of these advances exceeded their fair values, less the make-whole amounts, totaled $4,000 and $194,000, respectively, and were recorded in prepayment fees on advances, net of the associated hedging adjustments on the advances.

18



Note 7—Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio
Mortgage loans held for portfolio represent held-for-investment loans acquired through the Mortgage Partnership Finance® ("MPF"®) program. The following table presents information as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 for mortgage loans held for portfolio (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Fixed-rate medium-term* single-family mortgages
$
9,445

 
$
9,279

Fixed-rate long-term single-family mortgages
1,743,548

 
844,078

Premiums
40,056

 
22,123

Discounts
(1,106
)
 
(212
)
Deferred net derivative gains associated with mortgage delivery commitments
3,633

 
2,855

Total mortgage loans held for portfolio
1,795,576

 
878,123

Less: allowance for credit losses
(382
)
 
(271
)
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses
$
1,795,194

 
$
877,852

________________________________________
*Medium-term is defined as an original term of 15 years or less.
The unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans held for portfolio at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was comprised of government-guaranteed/insured loans totaling $16,678,000 and $19,228,000, respectively, and conventional loans totaling $1,736,315,000 and $834,129,000, respectively.

Note 8—Allowance for Credit Losses
An allowance for credit losses is separately established for each of the Bank’s identified portfolio segments, if necessary, to provide for probable losses inherent in its financing receivables portfolio and other off-balance sheet credit exposures as of the balance sheet date. To the extent necessary, an allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded as a liability.
A portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. The Bank has developed and documented a systematic methodology for determining an allowance for credit losses for the following portfolio segments: (1) advances and other extensions of credit to members/borrowers, collectively referred to as “extensions of credit to members”; (2) government-guaranteed/insured mortgage loans held for portfolio; and (3) conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio.
Classes of financing receivables are generally a disaggregation of a portfolio segment and are determined on the basis of their initial measurement attribute, the risk characteristics of the financing receivable and an entity’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Because the credit risk arising from the Bank’s financing receivables is assessed and measured at the portfolio segment level, the Bank does not have separate classes of financing receivables within each of its portfolio segments.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no significant purchases or sales of financing receivables, nor were any financing receivables reclassified to held for sale.
As discussed below, the Bank did not provide for any credit losses on its extensions of credit to members during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. For a discussion regarding the Bank's assessment of the impact of hurricanes and wildfires that occurred in 2017 and 2018, see Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies.
     Advances and Other Extensions of Credit to Members. In accordance with federal statutes, including the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932, as amended (the “FHLB Act”), the Bank lends to financial institutions within its five-state district that are involved in housing finance. The FHLB Act requires the Bank to obtain and maintain sufficient collateral for advances and other extensions of credit to protect against losses. The Bank makes advances and otherwise extends credit only against eligible collateral, as defined by regulation. To ensure the value of collateral pledged to the Bank is sufficient to secure its advances and other extensions of credit, the Bank applies various haircuts, or discounts, to the collateral to determine the value against which borrowers may borrow. As additional security, the Bank has a statutory lien on each borrower’s capital stock in the Bank.
On at least a quarterly basis, the Bank evaluates all outstanding extensions of credit to members/borrowers for potential credit losses. These evaluations include a review of: (1) the amount, type and performance of collateral available to secure the outstanding obligations; (2) metrics that may be indicative of changes in the financial condition and general creditworthiness of the member/borrower; and (3) the payment status of the obligations. Any outstanding extensions of credit that exhibit a

19


potential credit weakness that could jeopardize the full collection of the outstanding obligations would be classified as substandard, doubtful or loss. The Bank did not have any advances or other extensions of credit to members/borrowers that were classified as substandard, doubtful or loss at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
The Bank considers the amount, type and performance of collateral to be the primary indicator of credit quality with respect to its extensions of credit to members/borrowers. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had rights to collateral on a borrower-by-borrower basis with an estimated value in excess of each borrower’s outstanding extensions of credit.
The Bank continues to evaluate and, as necessary, modify its credit extension and collateral policies based on market conditions. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank did not have any advances that were past due, on nonaccrual status, or considered impaired. There have been no troubled debt restructurings related to advances.
The Bank has never experienced a credit loss on an advance or any other extension of credit to a member/borrower and, based on its credit extension and collateral policies, management currently does not anticipate any credit losses on its extensions of credit to members/borrowers. Accordingly, the Bank has not provided any allowance for credit losses on advances, nor has it recorded any liabilities to reflect an allowance for credit losses related to its off-balance sheet credit exposures.
 Mortgage Loans — Government-guaranteed or government-insured. The Bank’s government-guaranteed or government-insured fixed-rate mortgage loans are guaranteed or insured by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs and were acquired through the MPF program (as more fully described in the Bank’s 2017 10-K) in periods prior to 2004. Any losses from these loans are expected to be recovered from those entities. Any losses from these loans that are not recovered from those entities are absorbed by the servicers. Therefore, the Bank has not established an allowance for credit losses on government-guaranteed or government-insured mortgage loans. Government-guaranteed or government-insured loans are not placed on nonaccrual status.
Mortgage Loans — Conventional Mortgage Loans. The Bank’s conventional mortgage loans have also been acquired through the MPF program. The allowance for losses on conventional mortgage loans is determined by an analysis that includes consideration of various data such as past performance, current performance, loan portfolio characteristics, collateral-related characteristics, and prevailing economic conditions. The allowance for losses on conventional mortgage loans also factors in the credit enhancement under the MPF program. Any incurred losses that are expected to be recovered from the credit enhancements are not reserved as part of the Bank’s allowance for loan losses.
The Bank places a conventional mortgage loan on nonaccrual status when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is 90 days or more past due. When a mortgage loan is placed on nonaccrual status, accrued but uncollected interest is reversed against interest income. The Bank records cash payments received on nonaccrual loans first as interest income until it recovers all interest, and then as a reduction of principal. A loan on nonaccrual status is restored to accrual status when none of its contractual principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Bank expects repayment of the remaining contractual interest and principal.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Collateral-dependent loans that are on nonaccrual status are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying property less estimated selling costs. Loans are considered collateral-dependent if repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying property; that is, there is no other available and reliable source of repayment. A collateral-dependent loan is impaired if the fair value of the underlying collateral is insufficient to recover the unpaid principal and interest on the loan. Interest income on impaired loans is recognized in the same manner as it is for nonaccrual loans noted above.
The Bank evaluates whether to record a charge-off on a conventional mortgage loan when the loan becomes 180 days or more past due or upon the occurrence of a confirming event, whichever occurs first. Confirming events include, but are not limited to, the occurrence of foreclosure or notification of a claim against any of the credit enhancements. A charge-off is recorded if the recorded investment in the loan will not be recovered.

20


The Bank considers the key credit quality indicator for conventional mortgage loans to be the payment status of each loan. The table below summarizes the recorded investment by payment status for mortgage loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands).
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Conventional Loans
 
Government-
Guaranteed/
Insured Loans
 
Total
 
Conventional Loans
 
Government-
Guaranteed/
Insured Loans
 
Total
Mortgage loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-59 days delinquent
$
5,503

 
$
698

 
$
6,201

 
$
6,553

 
$
983

 
$
7,536

60-89 days delinquent
1,204

 
113

 
1,317

 
1,541

 
148

 
1,689

90 days or more delinquent
826

 
150

 
976

 
689

 
98

 
787

Total past due
7,533

 
961

 
8,494

 
8,783

 
1,229

 
10,012

Total current loans
1,779,304

 
15,892

 
1,795,196

 
853,653

 
18,203

 
871,856

Total mortgage loans
$
1,786,837

 
$
16,853

 
$
1,803,690

 
$
862,436

 
$
19,432

 
$
881,868

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other delinquency statistics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In process of foreclosure (1)
$
140

 
$
61

 
$
201

 
$
212

 
$

 
$
212

Serious delinquency rate (2)
%
 
0.9
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.5
%
 
0.1
%
Past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest (3)
$

 
$
150

 
$
150

 
$

 
$
98

 
$
98

Nonaccrual loans
$
826

 
$

 
$
826

 
$
689

 
$

 
$
689

Troubled debt restructurings
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

_____________________________
(1) 
Includes loans where the decision of foreclosure or similar alternative such as pursuit of deed-in-lieu has been made.
(2) 
Loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the process of foreclosure expressed as a percentage of the loan portfolio.
(3) 
Only government-guaranteed/insured mortgage loans continue to accrue interest after they become 90 days or more past due.
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank’s other assets included $30,000 and $49,000, respectively, of real estate owned.
Mortgage loans are considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all principal and interest amounts due according to the contractual terms of the mortgage loan agreement. Each nonaccrual mortgage loan and each troubled debt restructuring is specifically reviewed for impairment. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank did not have any troubled debt restructurings related to mortgage loans. At these dates, the estimated value of the collateral securing each nonaccrual loan, plus the estimated amount that can be recovered through credit enhancements and mortgage insurance, if any, exceeded the outstanding loan amount. Therefore, no specific reserve was established for any of the nonaccrual mortgage loans. The remaining conventional mortgage loans were evaluated for impairment on a pool basis. Based upon the current and past performance of these loans and current economic conditions, the Bank determined that an allowance for loan losses of $382,000 was adequate to reserve for credit losses in its conventional mortgage loan portfolio at September 30, 2018. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
278

 
$
141

 
$
271

 
$
141

Provision for credit losses
104

 

 
111

 

Balance, end of period
$
382

 
$
141

 
$
382

 
$
141

            

21


The following table presents information regarding the balances of the Bank's conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio that were individually or collectively evaluated for impairment as well as information regarding the ending balance of the allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands).

 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Ending balance of allowance for credit losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment
$
382

 
$
271

 
 
 
 
Recorded investment
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
826

 
$
689

Collectively evaluated for impairment
1,786,011

 
861,747

 
$
1,786,837

 
$
862,436


Note 9—Consolidated Obligations
Consolidated obligations are the joint and several obligations of the FHLBanks and consist of consolidated obligation bonds and discount notes. Consolidated obligations are backed only by the financial resources of the 11 FHLBanks. Consolidated obligations are not obligations of, nor are they guaranteed by, the U.S. government. The FHLBanks issue consolidated obligations through the Office of Finance as their agent. In connection with each debt issuance, one or more of the FHLBanks specifies the amount of debt it wants issued on its behalf; the Bank receives the proceeds of only the debt issued on its behalf and records on its statements of condition only that portion of the consolidated obligations for which it has received the proceeds. Consolidated obligation bonds are issued primarily to raise intermediate- and long-term funds for the FHLBanks and are not subject to any statutory or regulatory limits on maturity. Consolidated obligation discount notes are issued to raise short-term funds and have maturities of one year or less. These notes are issued at a price that is less than their face amount and are redeemed at par value when they mature. For additional information regarding the FHLBanks’ joint and several liability on consolidated obligations, see Note 16.
The par amounts of the 11 FHLBanks’ outstanding consolidated obligations, including consolidated obligations held as investments by other FHLBanks, were approximately $1.019 trillion and $1.034 trillion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Bank was the primary obligor on $68.8 billion and $64.1 billion (at par value), respectively, of these consolidated obligations.
    Interest Rate Payment Terms. The following table summarizes the Bank’s consolidated obligation bonds outstanding by interest rate payment terms at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands, at par value).

 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Variable-rate
$
14,009,850

 
$
15,295,000

Fixed-rate
14,389,285

 
12,680,675

Step-up
6,082,500

 
3,379,500

Step-down
250,000

 
175,000

Total par value
$
34,731,635

 
$
31,530,175


At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 91 percent and 89 percent, respectively, of the Bank’s fixed-rate consolidated obligation bonds were swapped to a variable rate.

22


Redemption Terms. The following is a summary of the Bank’s consolidated obligation bonds outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, by contractual maturity (dollars in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Contractual Maturity
 
Amount
 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
Due in one year or less
 
$
18,097,820

 
1.96
%
 
$
17,981,240

 
1.36
%
Due after one year through two years
 
4,927,985

 
1.96

 
3,858,175

 
1.32

Due after two years through three years
 
3,459,425

 
1.94

 
2,389,140

 
1.65

Due after three years through four years
 
2,442,790

 
2.01

 
2,585,200

 
1.60

Due after four years through five years
 
2,747,810

 
2.69

 
1,920,285

 
1.86

Due after five years
 
3,055,805

 
2.51

 
2,796,135

 
2.26

Total par value
 
34,731,635

 
2.07
%
 
31,530,175

 
1.51
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premiums
 
2,914

 
 
 
6,194

 
 
Discounts
 
(1,482
)
 
 
 
(1,655
)
 
 
Debt issuance costs
 
(2,899
)
 
 
 
(2,238
)
 
 
Hedging adjustments
 
(347,824
)
 
 
 
(155,618
)
 
 
Total
 
$
34,382,344

 
 
 
$
31,376,858

 
 

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank’s consolidated obligation bonds outstanding included the following (in thousands, at par value):
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Non-callable bonds
$
24,222,235

 
$
25,228,675

Callable bonds
10,509,400

 
6,301,500

Total par value
$
34,731,635

 
$
31,530,175


The following table summarizes the Bank’s consolidated obligation bonds outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, by the earlier of contractual maturity or next possible call date (in thousands, at par value):
Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Due in one year or less
 
$
26,427,220

 
$
23,978,740

Due after one year through two years
 
3,586,485

 
3,637,175

Due after two years through three years
 
2,042,425

 
1,614,140

Due after three years through four years
 
1,263,890

 
1,208,200

Due after four years through five years
 
1,117,810

 
855,285

Due after five years
 
293,805

 
236,635

Total par value
 
$
34,731,635

 
$
31,530,175


     Discount Notes. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank’s consolidated obligation discount notes, all of which are due within one year, were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Book Value
 
Par Value
 
Weighted
Average Implied
Interest Rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
$
33,996,816

 
$
34,098,275

 
2.01
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
$
32,510,758

 
$
32,574,035

 
1.17
%



23


Note 10—Affordable Housing Program (“AHP”)
The following table summarizes the changes in the Bank’s AHP liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
31,246

 
$
22,871

AHP assessment
15,632

 
13,223

Grants funded, net of recaptured amounts
(8,128
)
 
(6,538
)
Balance, end of period
$
38,750

 
$
29,556


Note 11—Assets and Liabilities Subject to Offsetting
The Bank has derivatives and securities purchased under agreements to resell that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements. For purposes of reporting derivative assets and derivative liabilities, the Bank offsets the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments (including the right to reclaim cash collateral and the obligation to return cash collateral) where a legally enforceable right of setoff exists. The Bank did not have any liabilities that were eligible to offset its securities purchased under agreements to resell (i.e., securities sold under agreements to repurchase) as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
The Bank's derivative transactions are executed either bilaterally or, if required, cleared through a third-party central clearinghouse. The Bank has entered into master agreements with each of its bilateral derivative counterparties that provide for the netting of all transactions with each of these counterparties. Under its master agreements with its non-member bilateral derivative counterparties, collateral is delivered (or returned) daily when certain thresholds (ranging from $100,000 to $500,000) are met. The Bank offsets the fair value amounts recognized for bilaterally traded derivatives executed with the same counterparty, including any cash collateral remitted to or received from the counterparty. When entering into derivative transactions with its members, the Bank requires the member to post eligible collateral in an amount equal to the sum of the net market value of the member’s derivative transactions with the Bank (if the value is positive to the Bank) plus a percentage of the notional amount of any interest rate swaps, with market values determined on at least a monthly basis. Eligible collateral for derivative transactions with members consists of collateral that is eligible to secure advances and other obligations under the member's Advances and Security Agreement with the Bank. The Bank is not required to pledge collateral to its members to secure derivative positions.
For cleared derivatives, all transactions with each clearing member of each clearinghouse are netted pursuant to legally enforceable setoff rights. Cleared derivatives are subject to initial and variation margin requirements established by the clearinghouse and its clearing members. Effective January 3, 2017, one of the Bank's two clearinghouse counterparties made certain amendments to its rulebook that changed the legal characterization of variation margin payments on cleared derivatives to settlements on the contracts. Effective January 16, 2018, the Bank's other clearinghouse counterparty made similar amendments to its rulebook. Prior to the dates upon which these amendments became effective, the variation margin payments were in each case characterized as collateral pledged to secure outstanding credit exposure on the derivative contracts. Initial and variation margin (regardless of whether it is characterized as collateral or settlements) is typically delivered/paid (or returned/received) daily and is not subject to any maximum unsecured thresholds. The Bank offsets the fair value amounts recognized for cleared derivatives transacted with each clearing member of each clearinghouse (which fair value amounts include variation margin paid or received on daily settled contracts) and any cash collateral pledged or received.
The following table presents derivative instruments and securities purchased under agreements to resell with the legal right of offset, including the related collateral received from or pledged to counterparties as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands). For daily settled derivative contracts, the variation margin payments/receipts are included in the gross amounts of derivative assets and liabilities.

24


 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Financial Instruments
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Condition
 
Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Condition
 
Collateral Not Offset in the Statement of Condition (1)
 
Net Unsecured Amount
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Bilateral derivatives
 
$
30,437

 
$
(26,967
)
 
$
3,470

 
$
(2,156
)
(2) 
$
1,314

Cleared derivatives
 
8,743

 
(7,976
)
 
767

 

 
767

Total derivatives
 
39,180

 
(34,943
)
 
4,237

 
(2,156
)
 
2,081

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
4,240,000

 

 
4,240,000

 
(4,240,000
)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
4,279,180

 
$
(34,943
)
 
$
4,244,237

 
$
(4,242,156
)
 
$
2,081

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Bilateral derivatives
 
$
248,141

 
$
(237,032
)
 
$
11,109

 
$

 
$
11,109

Cleared derivatives
 
15,210

 
(7,818
)
 
7,392

 
(7,392
)
(3) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
$
263,351

 
$
(244,850
)
 
$
18,501

 
$
(7,392
)
 
$
11,109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bilateral derivatives
 
$
15,120

 
$
(8,176
)
 
$
6,944

 
$
(6,422
)
(2) 
$
522

Cleared derivatives
 
225,852

 
(215,571
)
 
10,281

 

 
10,281

Total derivatives
 
240,972

 
(223,747
)
 
17,225

 
(6,422
)
 
10,803

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
6,700,000

 

 
6,700,000

 
(6,700,000
)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
6,940,972

 
$
(223,747
)
 
$
6,717,225

 
$
(6,706,422
)
 
$
10,803

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bilateral derivatives
 
$
155,703

 
$
(145,537
)
 
$
10,166

 
$

 
$
10,166

Cleared derivatives
 
76,734

 
(75,940
)
 
794

 
(794
)
(4) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
$
232,437

 
$
(221,477
)
 
$
10,960

 
$
(794
)
 
$
10,166

_____________________________
(1) 
Any overcollateralization or any excess variation margin associated with daily settled contracts at an individual clearinghouse/clearing member or bilateral counterparty level is not included in the determination of the net unsecured amount.
(2) 
Consists of collateral pledged by member counterparties.
(3) 
Consists of securities pledged by the Bank. In addition to the amount needed to secure the counterparties' exposure to the Bank, the Bank had pledged other securities with an aggregate fair value of $711,760,000 at September 30, 2018 to further secure its cleared derivatives, which is a result of the initial margin requirements imposed upon the Bank.
(4) 
Consists of securities pledged by the Bank. In addition to the amount needed to secure the counterparties' exposure to the Bank, the Bank had pledged other securities with an aggregate fair value of $746,436,000 at December 31, 2017 to further secure its cleared derivatives, which is a result of the initial margin requirements imposed upon the Bank.


25



Note 12—Derivatives and Hedging Activities
     Hedging Activities. As a financial intermediary, the Bank is exposed to interest rate risk. This risk arises from a variety of financial instruments that the Bank enters into on a regular basis in the normal course of its business. The Bank enters into interest rate swap, swaption, cap and forward rate agreements (collectively, interest rate exchange agreements) to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates. The Bank may use these instruments to adjust the effective maturity, repricing frequency, or option characteristics of financial instruments to achieve risk management objectives. In addition, the Bank may use these instruments to hedge the variable cash flows associated with forecasted transactions. The Bank has not entered into any credit default swaps or foreign exchange-related derivatives and, as of September 30, 2018, it was not a party to any forward rate agreements.
The Bank uses interest rate exchange agreements in three ways: (1) by designating the agreement as a fair value hedge of a specific financial instrument or firm commitment; (2) by designating the agreement as a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction; or (3) by designating the agreement as a hedge of some other defined risk (referred to as an “economic hedge”). For example, the Bank uses interest rate exchange agreements in its overall interest rate risk management activities to adjust the interest rate sensitivity of consolidated obligations to approximate more closely the interest rate sensitivity of its assets (both advances and investments), and/or to adjust the interest rate sensitivity of advances or investments to approximate more closely the interest rate sensitivity of its liabilities. In addition to using interest rate exchange agreements to manage mismatches between the coupon features of its assets and liabilities, the Bank also uses interest rate exchange agreements to, among other things, manage embedded options in assets and liabilities, to preserve the market value of existing assets and liabilities, to hedge the duration risk of prepayable instruments, to hedge the variable cash flows associated with forecasted transactions, to offset interest rate exchange agreements entered into with members (the Bank serves as an intermediary in these transactions), and to reduce funding costs.
The Bank, consistent with Finance Agency regulations, enters into interest rate exchange agreements only to reduce potential market risk exposures inherent in otherwise unhedged assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions, or to act as an intermediary between its members and the Bank’s non-member derivative counterparties. The Bank is not a derivatives dealer and it does not trade derivatives for short-term profit.
At inception, the Bank formally documents the relationships between derivatives designated as hedging instruments and their hedged items, its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions, and its method for assessing the effectiveness of the hedging relationships. For fair value hedges, this process includes linking the derivatives to: (1) specific assets and liabilities on the statements of condition or (2) firm commitments. For cash flow hedges, this process includes linking the derivatives to forecasted transactions. The Bank also formally assesses (both at the inception of the hedging relationship and on a monthly basis thereafter) whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been effective in offsetting changes in the fair value of hedged items or the cash flows associated with forecasted transactions and whether those derivatives may be expected to remain effective in future periods. The Bank uses regression analyses to assess the effectiveness of its hedges.
     Investment Securities and Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio — The Bank has invested in agency and non-agency MBS and residential mortgage loans. The interest rate and prepayment risk associated with these investments is managed through consolidated obligations and/or derivatives. The Bank may manage prepayment and duration risk presented by some of these investments with either callable and/or non-callable consolidated obligations and/or interest rate exchange agreements, including interest rate swaps, swaptions and caps.
A substantial portion of the Bank’s held-to-maturity securities are variable-rate MBS that include caps that would limit the variable-rate coupons if short-term interest rates rise dramatically. To hedge a portion of the potential cap risk embedded in these securities, the Bank has entered into interest rate cap agreements. These derivatives are treated as economic hedges.
All of the Bank's available-for-sale securities are fixed-rate agency and other highly rated debentures and agency commercial MBS. To hedge the interest rate risk associated with these fixed-rate investment securities, the Bank has entered into fixed-for-floating interest rate exchange agreements, which are designated as fair value hedges.
Approximately one-half of the Bank's trading securities are fixed-rate U.S. Treasury Notes that were acquired with short remaining terms to maturity. To convert these fixed-rate investment securities to a short-term floating rate, the Bank entered into fixed-for-floating interest rate exchange agreements that are indexed to the overnight index swap ("OIS") rate. These derivatives are treated as economic hedges.
The interest rate swaps and swaptions that are used by the Bank to hedge the risks associated with its mortgage loan portfolio are treated as economic hedges.
Advances — The Bank issues both fixed-rate and variable-rate advances. When appropriate, the Bank uses interest rate exchange agreements to adjust the interest rate sensitivity of its fixed-rate advances to approximate more closely the interest rate

26


sensitivity of its liabilities. With issuances of putable advances, the Bank purchases from the member a put option that enables the Bank to terminate a fixed-rate advance on specified future dates. This embedded option is clearly and closely related to the host advance contract. The Bank typically hedges a putable advance by entering into a cancelable interest rate exchange agreement where the Bank pays a fixed-rate coupon and receives a variable-rate coupon, and sells an option to cancel the swap to the swap counterparty. This type of hedge is treated as a fair value hedge. The swap counterparty can cancel the interest rate exchange agreement on the call date and the Bank can cancel the putable advance and offer, subject to certain conditions, replacement funding at prevailing market rates.
A small portion of the Bank’s variable-rate advances are subject to interest rate caps that would limit the variable-rate coupons if short-term interest rates rise above a predetermined level. To hedge the cap risk embedded in these advances, the Bank generally enters into interest rate cap agreements. This type of hedge is treated as a fair value hedge.
The Bank may hedge a firm commitment for a forward-starting advance through the use of an interest rate swap. In this case, the swap will function as the hedging instrument for both the firm commitment and the subsequent advance. The carrying value of the firm commitment will be included in the basis of the advance at the time the commitment is terminated and the advance is issued. The basis adjustment will then be amortized into interest income over the life of the advance.
The Bank enters into optional advance commitments with its members. In an optional advance commitment, the Bank sells an option to the member that provides the member with the right to increase the amount of an existing advance at a specified fixed rate and term on a specified future date, provided the member has satisfied all of the customary requirements for such advance. This embedded option is clearly and closely related to the host contract. The Bank may hedge an optional advance commitment through the use of an interest rate swaption. In this case, the swaption will function as the hedging instrument for both the commitment and, if the option is exercised by the member, the subsequent advance. These swaptions are treated as fair value hedges.
     Consolidated Obligations While consolidated obligations are the joint and several obligations of the FHLBanks, each FHLBank is the primary obligor for the consolidated obligations it has issued or assumed from another FHLBank. The Bank generally enters into derivative contracts to hedge the interest rate risk associated with its specific debt issuances.
To manage the interest rate risk of certain of its consolidated obligations, the Bank will match the cash outflow on a consolidated obligation with the cash inflow of an interest rate exchange agreement. With issuances of fixed-rate consolidated obligation bonds, the Bank typically enters into a matching interest rate exchange agreement in which the counterparty pays fixed cash flows to the Bank that are designed to mirror in timing and amount the cash outflows the Bank pays on the consolidated obligation. In this transaction, the Bank pays a variable cash flow that closely matches the interest payments it receives on short-term or variable-rate assets, typically one-month or three-month LIBOR. These transactions are treated as fair value hedges. On occasion, the Bank may enter into fixed-for-floating interest rate exchange agreements to hedge the interest rate risk associated with certain of its consolidated obligation discount notes. The derivatives associated with the Bank’s fair value discount note hedging are treated as economic hedges. The Bank may also use interest rate exchange agreements to convert variable-rate consolidated obligation bonds from one index rate (e.g., the daily effective federal funds rate) to another index rate (e.g., one-month or three-month LIBOR). These transactions are treated as economic hedges.
The Bank has not issued consolidated obligations denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars.
Forecasted Issuances of Consolidated Obligations The Bank uses derivatives to hedge the variability of cash flows over a specified period of time as a result of the forecasted issuances and maturities of short-term, fixed-rate instruments, such as three-month consolidated obligation discount notes. Although each short-term consolidated obligation discount note has a fixed rate of interest, a portfolio of rolling consolidated obligation discount notes effectively has a variable interest rate. The variable cash flows associated with these liabilities are converted to fixed-rate cash flows by entering into receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps. The maturity dates of the cash flow streams are closely matched to the interest rate reset dates of the derivatives. These derivatives are treated as cash flow hedges.
Balance Sheet Management — From time to time, the Bank may enter into interest rate basis swaps to reduce its exposure to changing spreads between one-month and three-month LIBOR. In addition, to reduce its exposure to reset risk, the Bank may occasionally enter into forward rate agreements. These derivatives are treated as economic hedges.
     Intermediation — The Bank offers interest rate swaps, caps and floors to its members to assist them in meeting their hedging needs. In these transactions, the Bank acts as an intermediary for its members by entering into an interest rate exchange agreement with a member and then entering into an offsetting interest rate exchange agreement with one of the Bank’s approved derivative counterparties. All interest rate exchange agreements related to the Bank’s intermediary activities with its members are accounted for as economic hedges.
Other — From time to time, the Bank may enter into derivatives to hedge risks to its earnings that are not directly linked to specific assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions. These derivatives are treated as economic hedges.

27


     Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities. The Bank accounts for derivatives and hedging activities in accordance with the guidance in Topic 815 of the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) entitled “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). All derivatives are recognized on the statements of condition at their fair values, including accrued interest receivable and payable. For purposes of reporting derivative assets and derivative liabilities, the Bank offsets the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments (including the right to reclaim cash collateral and the obligation to return cash collateral) where a legally enforceable right of setoff exists.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is effective as — and that is designated and qualifies as — a fair value hedge, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk (including changes that reflect gains or losses on firm commitments), are recorded in current period earnings. Any hedge ineffectiveness (which represents the amount by which the change in the fair value of the derivative differs from the change in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk) is recorded in other income (loss) as “net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities.” Net interest income/expense associated with derivatives that qualify for fair value hedge accounting under ASC 815 is recorded as a component of net interest income.
If fair value hedging relationships meet certain criteria specified in ASC 815, they are eligible for hedge accounting and the offsetting changes in fair value of the hedged items may be recorded in earnings. The application of hedge accounting generally requires the Bank to evaluate the effectiveness of the fair value hedging relationships on an ongoing basis and to calculate the changes in fair value of the derivatives and related hedged items independently. This is commonly known as the “long-haul” method of hedge accounting. Transactions that meet more stringent criteria qualify for the “shortcut” method of hedge accounting in which an assumption can be made that the change in fair value of a hedged item exactly offsets the change in value of the related derivative. The Bank considers hedges of committed advances to be eligible for the shortcut method of accounting as long as the settlement of the committed advance occurs within the shortest period possible for that type of instrument based on market settlement conventions, the fair value of the swap is zero at the inception of the hedging relationship, and the transaction meets all of the other criteria for shortcut accounting specified in ASC 815. The Bank has defined the market settlement convention to be five business days or less for advances.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge, to the extent that the hedge is effective, are recorded in AOCI until earnings are affected by the variability of the cash flows of the hedged transaction. Any ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge (which represents the amount by which the change in the fair value of the derivative differs from the change in fair value of a hypothetical derivative having terms that match identically the critical terms of the hedged forecasted transaction) is recognized in other income (loss) as “net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities.”
An economic hedge is defined as a derivative hedging specific or non-specific assets or liabilities that does not qualify or was not designated for hedge accounting under ASC 815, but is an acceptable hedging strategy under the Bank’s Enterprise Market Risk Management Policy. These hedging strategies also comply with Finance Agency regulatory requirements prohibiting speculative derivative transactions. An economic hedge by definition introduces the potential for earnings variability as changes in the fair value of a derivative designated as an economic hedge are recorded in current period earnings with no offsetting fair value adjustment to an asset or liability. Both the net interest income/expense and the fair value changes associated with derivatives in economic hedging relationships are recorded in other income (loss) as “net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities.”
The Bank records the changes in fair value of all derivatives (and, in the case of fair value hedges, the hedged items) beginning on the trade date.
Cash flows associated with all derivatives are reported as cash flows from operating activities in the statements of cash flows, unless the derivative contains an other-than-insignificant financing element, in which case its cash flows are reported as cash flows from financing activities.
The Bank may issue debt, make advances, or purchase financial instruments in which a derivative instrument is “embedded” and the financial instrument that embodies the embedded derivative instrument is not remeasured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur. Upon execution of these transactions, the Bank assesses whether the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the remaining component of the financial instrument (i.e., the host contract) and whether a separate, non-embedded instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would meet the definition of a derivative instrument. When it is determined that (1) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and (2) a separate, stand-alone instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract, carried at fair value, and designated as either (1) a hedging instrument in a fair value hedge or (2) a stand-alone derivative instrument pursuant to an economic hedge. However, if the entire contract were to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in current earnings, or if the Bank could not reliably identify and measure the embedded derivative for purposes of separating that derivative from its host contract, the entire contract

28


would be carried on the statement of condition at fair value and no portion of the contract would be separately accounted for as a derivative.
The Bank discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when: (1) management determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of a hedged item; (2) the derivative and/or the hedged item expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; (3) it is no longer probable that a forecasted transaction will occur within the originally specified time frame; (4) a hedged firm commitment no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment; or (5) management determines that designating the derivative as a hedging instrument in accordance with ASC 815 is no longer appropriate.
In all cases in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative remains outstanding, the Bank will carry the derivative at its fair value on the statement of condition, recognizing any additional changes in the fair value of the derivative in current period earnings.
When fair value hedge accounting for a specific derivative is discontinued due to the Bank’s determination that such derivative no longer qualifies for hedge accounting treatment or because the derivative is terminated, the Bank will cease to adjust the hedged asset or liability for changes in fair value and amortize the cumulative basis adjustment on the formerly hedged item into earnings over its remaining term using the level-yield method.
When hedge accounting is discontinued because the hedged item no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment, the Bank continues to carry the derivative on the statement of condition at its fair value, removing from the statement of condition any asset or liability that was recorded to recognize the firm commitment and recording it as a gain or loss in current period earnings.
When cash flow hedge accounting for a specific derivative is discontinued due to the Bank's determination that such derivative no longer qualifies for hedge accounting treatment or because the derivative is terminated, the Bank will reclassify the cumulative fair value gains or losses recorded in AOCI as of the discontinuance date from AOCI into earnings when earnings are affected by the original forecasted transaction, except in cases where the cash flow hedge is discontinued because the forecasted transaction is no longer probable (i.e., the forecasted transaction will not occur in the originally expected period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter). In such cases, any fair value gains or losses recorded in AOCI as of the determination date are immediately reclassified to earnings as a component of "net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities." Similarly, if the Bank expects at any time that continued reporting of a net loss in AOCI would lead to recognizing a net loss on the combination of the hedging instrument and hedged transaction in one or more future periods, the amount that is not expected to be recovered is immediately reclassified to earnings as a component of "net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities."


29


 Impact of Derivatives and Hedging Activities. The following table summarizes the notional balances and estimated fair values of the Bank’s outstanding derivatives (inclusive of variation margin on daily settled contracts) and the amounts offset against those values in the statement of condition at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands).
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Notional Amount of
Derivatives
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Notional Amount of
Derivatives
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
 
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
 
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
$
6,630,147

 
$
11,898

 
$
14,192

 
$
5,055,945

 
$
27,829

 
$
29,110

Available-for-sale securities
 
15,935,067

 
15,672

 
25,687

 
14,282,321

 
177,066

 
107,822

Consolidated obligation bonds
 
18,768,665

 
5,645

 
215,828

 
14,374,040

 
1,510

 
85,669

Consolidated obligation discount notes
 
728,000

 

 
281

 
505,000

 
18,512

 
33

Interest rate swaptions related to advances
 

 

 

 
2,000

 
44

 

Total derivatives designated as hedging
   instruments under ASC 815
 
42,061,879

 
33,215

 
255,988

 
34,219,306

 
224,961

 
222,634

Derivatives not designated as hedging
   instruments under ASC 815
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
7,500

 
1

 

 
7,500

 
11

 

Available-for-sale securities
 
3,156

 

 
5

 
2,993

 
2

 
2

Mortgage loans held for portfolio
 
130,600

 
41

 
100

 

 

 

Trading securities
 
750,000

 
10

 
7

 

 

 

Intermediary transactions
 
318,507

 
2,447

 
5,512

 
2,338,039

 
15,573

 
9,630

Other
 
425,000

 
856

 

 
325,000

 
219

 

Interest rate swaptions related to mortgage loans held for portfolio
 
60,000

 
837

 

 

 

 

Mortgage delivery commitments
 
30,605

 
25

 

 
20,304

 
31

 

Interest rate caps and floors
 

 

 

 

 

 

Held-to-maturity securities
 
1,000,000

 
9

 

 
1,200,000

 
4

 

Intermediary transactions
 
541,000

 
1,739

 
1,739

 
80,000

 
171

 
171

Total derivatives not designated as
    hedging instruments under ASC 815
 
3,266,368

 
5,965

 
7,363

 
3,973,836

 
16,011

 
9,803

Total derivatives before collateral and netting adjustments
 
$
45,328,247

 
39,180

 
263,351

 
$
38,193,142

 
240,972

 
232,437

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash collateral and related accrued interest
 
 
 
(1,545
)
 
(211,608
)
 
 
 
(139,838
)
 
(137,362
)
Cash received or remitted in excess of variation margin requirements
 
 
 
(178
)
 
(22
)
 
 
 

 
(206
)
Netting adjustments
 
 
 
(33,220
)
 
(33,220
)
 
 
 
(83,909
)
 
(83,909
)
Total collateral and netting adjustments(1)
 
 
 
(34,943
)
 
(244,850
)
 
 
 
(223,747
)
 
(221,477
)
Net derivative balances reported in statements of condition
 
 
 
$
4,237

 
$
18,501

 
 
 
$
17,225

 
$
10,960

_____________________________
(1) 
Amounts represent the effect of legally enforceable master netting agreements or other legally enforceable arrangements between the Bank and its derivative counterparties that allow the Bank to offset positive and negative positions as well as any cash collateral held or placed with those same counterparties.

30


The following table presents the components of net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities as presented in the statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands).
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings for the
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings for the
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Derivatives and hedged items in ASC 815 fair value hedging relationships
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
1,187

 
$
(1,561
)
 
$
15,862

 
$
(5,964
)
Interest rate swaptions

 

 
(44
)
 
(36
)
Total net gain (loss) related to fair value hedge ineffectiveness
1,187

 
(1,561
)
 
15,818

 
(6,000
)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
(3,928
)
 
545

 
(15,704
)
 
8,162

Net interest income (expense) on interest rate swaps
(649
)
 
360

 
(772
)
 
1,281

Interest rate swaptions
124

 

 
(1
)
 

Interest rate caps and floors
(4
)
 
(13
)
 
119

 
(247
)
Mortgage delivery commitments
437

 
794

 
937

 
2,257

Total net gain (loss) related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
(4,020
)
 
1,686

 
(15,421
)
 
11,453

Price alignment amount on variation margin for daily settled derivative contracts
(2,740
)
 
220

 
(6,494
)
 
521

Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities reported in the statements of income
$
(5,573
)
 
$
345

 
$
(6,097
)
 
$
5,974

The following table presents, by type of hedged item, the gains (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in ASC 815 fair value hedging relationships and the impact of those derivatives on the Bank’s net interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands).
Hedged Item
 
Gain (Loss) on
Derivatives
 
Gain (Loss) on
Hedged Items
 
Net Fair Value
Hedge
Ineffectiveness (1)
 
Derivative Net
Interest Income
 (Expense)(2)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Advances
 
$
14,777

 
$
(14,802
)
 
$
(25
)
 
$
5,957

Available-for-sale securities
 
143,726

 
(142,665
)
 
1,061

 
11,978

Consolidated obligation bonds
 
(25,859
)
 
26,010

 
151

 
(15,504
)
Total
 
$
132,644

 
$
(131,457
)
 
$
1,187

 
$
2,431

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Advances
 
$
7,294

 
$
(7,227
)
 
$
67

 
$
(7,001
)
Available-for-sale securities
 
8,527

 
(8,726
)
 
(199
)
 
(23,785
)
Consolidated obligation bonds
 
(3,078
)
 
1,649

 
(1,429
)
 
8,299

Total
 
$
12,743

 
$
(14,304
)
 
$
(1,561
)
 
$
(22,487
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Advances
 
$
62,423

 
$
(62,253
)
 
$
170

 
$
8,389

Available-for-sale securities
 
596,067

 
(574,967
)
 
21,100

 
7,251

Consolidated obligation bonds
 
(197,627
)
 
192,175

 
(5,452
)
 
(26,995
)
Total
 
$
460,863

 
$
(445,045
)
 
$
15,818

 
$
(11,355
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Advances
 
$
15,340

 
$
(15,101
)
 
$
239

 
$
(26,787
)
Available-for-sale securities
 
(75,804
)
 
69,316

 
(6,488
)
 
(82,190
)
Consolidated obligation bonds
 
42,313

 
(42,064
)
 
249

 
31,406

Total
 
$
(18,151
)
 
$
12,151

 
$
(6,000
)
 
$
(77,571
)
_____________________________
(1) 
Reported as net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities in the statements of income.
(2) 
The net interest income (expense) associated with derivatives in ASC 815 fair value hedging relationships is reported in the statements of income in the interest income/expense line item for the indicated hedged item.

31


The following table presents, by type of hedged item, the gains (losses) on derivatives in ASC 815 cash flow hedging relationships that were recognized in other comprehensive income and the gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands).
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Interest rate swaps related to anticipated issuances of consolidated obligation discount notes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion)
 
$
8,749

 
$
(917
)
 
$
27,315

 
$
(6,668
)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into interest expense (effective portion) (1)
 
464

 
(491
)
 
427

 
(1,927
)
Amount of losses recognized in net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities (ineffective portion)
 

 

 

 

_____________________________
(1) 
Represents net interest income (expense) associated with the derivatives.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges because the original forecasted transactions occurred by the end of the originally specified time periods or within two-month periods thereafter. At September 30, 2018, $4,492,000 of deferred net gains on derivative instruments in AOCI are expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next 12 months. At September 30, 2018, the maximum length of time over which the Bank is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions is 10 years.

Credit Risk Related to Derivatives. The Bank is subject to credit risk due to the risk of nonperformance by counterparties to its derivative agreements. The Bank manages derivative counterparty credit risk through the use of master netting agreements or other similar collateral exchange arrangements, credit analysis, and adherence to the requirements set forth in the Bank’s Enterprise Market Risk Management Policy, Enterprise Credit Risk Management Policy, and Finance Agency regulations. The majority of the Bank's derivative contracts have been cleared through third-party central clearinghouses (as of September 30, 2018, the notional balance of cleared transactions outstanding totaled $28.2 billion). With cleared transactions, the Bank is exposed to credit risk in the event that the clearinghouse or the clearing member fails to meet its obligations to the Bank. The remainder of the Bank's derivative contracts have been transacted bilaterally with large financial institutions under master netting agreements or, to a much lesser extent, with member institutions (as of September 30, 2018, the notional balance of outstanding transactions with non-member bilateral counterparties and member counterparties totaled $16.6 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively). Some of these institutions (or their affiliates) buy, sell, and distribute consolidated obligations.
The notional amount of the Bank's interest rate exchange agreements does not reflect its credit risk exposure, which is much less than the notional amount. The Bank's net credit risk exposure is based on the current estimated cost, on a present value basis, of replacing at current market rates all interest rate exchange agreements with individual counterparties, if those counterparties were to default, after taking into account the value of any cash and/or securities collateral held or remitted by the Bank. For counterparties with which the Bank is in a net gain position, the Bank has credit exposure when the collateral it is holding (if any) has a value less than the amount of the gain. For counterparties with which the Bank is in a net loss position, the Bank has credit exposure when it has delivered collateral with a value greater than the amount of the loss position. The net exposure on derivative agreements is presented in Note 11. Based on the netting provisions and collateral requirements associated with its derivative agreements and the creditworthiness of its derivative counterparties, Bank management does not currently anticipate any credit losses on its derivative agreements.


32


Note 13—Capital
At all times during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank was in compliance with all applicable statutory and regulatory capital requirements. The following table summarizes the Bank’s compliance with those capital requirements as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Required
 
Actual
 
Required
 
Actual
Regulatory capital requirements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-based capital
$
1,044,112

 
$
3,657,267

 
$
831,553

 
$
3,265,641

Total capital
$
2,948,404

 
$
3,657,267

 
$
2,740,972

 
$
3,265,641

Total capital-to-assets ratio
4.00
%
 
4.96
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.77
%
Leverage capital
$
3,685,505

 
$
5,485,901

 
$
3,426,215

 
$
4,898,462

Leverage capital-to-assets ratio
5.00
%
 
7.44
%
 
5.00
%
 
7.15
%
Members are required to maintain an investment in Class B Capital Stock equal to the sum of a membership investment requirement and an activity-based investment requirement. The membership investment requirement is currently 0.04 percent of each member’s total assets as of December 31, 2017, subject to a minimum of $1,000 and a maximum of $7,000,000. The activity-based investment requirement is currently 4.1 percent of outstanding advances, except as described below.
On September 21, 2015, the Bank announced a Board-authorized reduction in the activity-based stock investment requirement from 4.1 percent to 2.0 percent for certain advances that were funded during the period from October 21, 2015 through December 31, 2015. To be eligible for the reduced activity-based investment requirement, advances funded during this period had to have a minimum maturity of one year or greater, among other things. The standard activity-based stock investment requirement of 4.1 percent continued to apply to all other advances that were funded during the period from October 21, 2015 through December 31, 2015.
The Bank generally repurchases surplus stock quarterly. For the repurchases that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, surplus stock was defined as the amount of stock held by a member shareholder in excess of 125 percent of the shareholder’s minimum investment requirement. For those repurchases, which occurred on March 27, 2018, June 26, 2018 and September 24, 2018, a member shareholder's surplus stock was not repurchased if: (1) the amount of that shareholder's surplus stock was $2,500,000 or less, (2) the shareholder elected to opt-out of the repurchase, or (3) the shareholder was on restricted collateral status (subject to certain exceptions). On March 27, 2018, June 26, 2018 and September 24, 2018, the Bank repurchased surplus stock totaling $233,659,000, $99,285,000 and $223,761,000, respectively, none of which was classified as mandatorily redeemable capital stock at those dates. From time to time, the Bank may modify the definition of surplus stock or the timing and/or frequency of surplus stock repurchases.
On March 27, 2018, June 26, 2018 and September 24, 2018, the Bank also repurchased all excess stock held by non-member shareholders as of those dates. This excess stock, all of which was classified as mandatorily redeemable capital stock at those dates, totaled $5,363,000, $22,000 and $20,000, respectively.

Note 14—Employee Retirement Plans
The Bank sponsors a retirement benefits program that includes health care and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees. Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) related to this program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Service cost
$
5

 
$
5

 
$
15

 
$
17

Interest cost
4

 
6

 
14

 
16

Amortization of prior service cost
5

 
5

 
15

 
15

Amortization of net actuarial gain
(26
)
 
(9
)
 
(79
)
 
(61
)
Net periodic benefit credit
$
(12
)
 
$
7

 
$
(35
)
 
$
(13
)

The components of net periodic benefit credit are reported in the income statement as described in Note 2.


33


Note 15—Estimated Fair Values
Fair value is defined under U.S. GAAP as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. U.S. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. U.S. GAAP also requires an entity to disclose the level within the fair value hierarchy in which each measurement is classified. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels:
     Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.
     Level 2 Inputs — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or in which little information is released publicly; (3) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals and implied volatilities); and (4) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data (e.g., implied spreads).
     Level 3 Inputs — Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that are supported by little or no market activity. None of the Bank’s assets or liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis were measured using significant Level 3 inputs.
For financial instruments carried at fair value, the Bank reviews the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of the valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of certain assets or liabilities. Reclassifications, if any, would be reported as transfers as of the beginning of the quarter in which the changes occurred. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Bank did not reclassify any fair value measurements.
The following estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Bank using available market information and the Bank’s best judgment of appropriate valuation methods. These estimates are based on pertinent information available to the Bank as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Although the Bank uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of these financial instruments, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique or valuation methodology. For example, because an active secondary market does not exist for many of the Bank’s financial instruments (e.g., advances, non-agency RMBS and mortgage loans held for portfolio), in certain cases their fair values are not subject to precise quantification or verification. Therefore, the estimated fair values presented below in the Fair Value Summary Tables may not be indicative of the amounts that would have been realized in market transactions at the reporting dates. Further, the fair values do not represent an estimate of the overall market value of the Bank as a going concern, which would take into account future business opportunities.
The valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of the Bank’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on the statement of condition are described below.
       Trading and available-for-sale securities. To value its U.S. Treasury Notes and Bills classified as trading securities and all of its available-for-sale securities, the Bank obtains prices from three designated third-party pricing vendors when available.
The pricing vendors use various proprietary models to price these securities. The inputs to those models are derived from various sources including, but not limited to, benchmark yields, reported trades, dealer estimates, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and other market-related data. Because many securities do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing vendors use available information as applicable such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing to determine the prices for individual securities. Each pricing vendor has an established challenge process in place for all security valuations, which facilitates resolution of potentially erroneous prices identified by the Bank.
A "median" price is first established for each security using a formula that is based upon the number of prices received. If three prices are received, the middle price is the median price; if two prices are received, the average of the two prices is the median price; and if one price is received, it is the median price (and also the final price) subject to some type of validation similar to the evaluation of outliers described below. All prices that are within a specified tolerance threshold of the median price are included in the “cluster” of prices that are averaged to compute a “default” price. All prices that are outside the threshold (“outliers”) are subject to further analysis (including, but not limited to, comparison to prices provided by an additional third-party valuation service, prices for similar securities, and/or non-binding dealer estimates) to determine if an outlier is a better estimate of fair value. If an outlier (or some other price identified in the analysis) is determined to be a better estimate of fair value, then the outlier (or the other price, as appropriate) is used as the final price rather than the default price. If, on the other hand, the analysis confirms that an outlier (or outliers) is (are) in fact not representative of fair value and the

34


default price is the best estimate, then the default price is used as the final price. In all cases, the final price is used to determine the fair value of the security.
If all prices received for a security are outside the tolerance threshold level of the median price, then there is no default price, and the final price is determined by an evaluation of all outlier prices as described above.
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, three vendor prices were received for substantially all of the Bank’s trading and available-for-sale securities and the final prices for substantially all of those securities were computed by averaging the three prices. Based on the Bank's understanding of the pricing methods employed by the third-party pricing vendors and the relative lack of dispersion among the vendor prices (or, in those instances in which there were outliers, the Bank's additional analyses), the Bank believes its final prices result in reasonable estimates of the fair values and that the fair value measurements are classified appropriately in the fair value hierarchy.
       Derivative assets/liabilities. The fair values of the Bank’s interest rate swap and swaption agreements are estimated using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market (e.g., the relevant interest rate curves (that is, the relevant LIBOR swap curve and, for purposes of discounting, the OIS curve) and, for agreements containing options, swaption volatility). The fair values of the Bank’s interest rate caps and floors are also estimated using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market (that is, cap/floor volatility, the relevant LIBOR swap curve and, for purposes of discounting, the OIS curve).
As the collateral (or variation margin in the case of daily settled contracts) and netting provisions of the Bank’s arrangements with its derivative counterparties significantly reduce the risk from nonperformance (see Note 11), the Bank does not consider its own nonperformance risk or the nonperformance risk associated with each of its counterparties to be a significant factor in the valuation of its derivative assets and liabilities. The Bank compares the fair values obtained from its pricing model to clearinghouse valuations (in the case of cleared derivatives) and non-binding dealer estimates (in the case of bilateral derivatives) and may also compare its fair values to those of similar instruments to ensure that the fair values are reasonable.
The fair values of the Bank’s derivative assets and liabilities include accrued interest receivable/payable and cash collateral remitted to/received from counterparties; the estimated fair values of the accrued interest receivable/payable and cash collateral approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature. The fair values of the Bank's bilateral derivatives are netted by counterparty pursuant to the provisions of the credit support annexes to the Bank’s master netting agreements with its non-member bilateral derivative counterparties. The Bank's cleared derivative transactions with each clearing member of each clearinghouse are netted pursuant to the Bank's arrangements with those parties. In each case, if the netted amounts are positive, they are classified as an asset and, if negative, as a liability.
The Bank estimates the fair values of mortgage delivery commitments based upon the prices for to-be-announced ("TBA") securities, which represent quoted market prices for forward-settling agency MBS. The prices are adjusted for differences in coupon, cost to carry, vintage, remittance type and product type between the Bank's mortgage loan commitments and the referenced TBA MBS.
Other assets held at fair value. To value its mutual fund investments included in other assets as of September 30, 2018 and trading securities as of December 31, 2017, the Bank obtained quoted prices for the mutual funds.

35


The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Bank’s financial instruments at September 30, 2018 (in thousands), as well as the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the measurements are classified. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value estimate.
FAIR VALUE SUMMARY TABLE

 
 
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
Financial Instruments
 
Carrying Value
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustment(4)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
55,409

 
$
55,409

 
$
55,409

 
$

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits
 
1,800,287

 
1,800,287

 

 
1,800,287

 

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
4,240,000

 
4,240,000

 

 
4,240,000

 

 

Federal funds sold
 
4,785,000

 
4,785,000

 

 
4,785,000

 

 

Trading securities (1)
 
1,539,265

 
1,539,265

 

 
1,539,265

 

 

Available-for-sale securities (1)
 
15,488,136

 
15,488,136

 

 
15,488,136

 

 

Held-to-maturity securities
 
1,581,011

 
1,604,233

 

 
1,520,319

(2) 
83,914

(3) 

Advances
 
42,241,727

 
42,203,323

 

 
42,203,323

 

 

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
 
1,795,194

 
1,762,905

 

 
1,762,905

 

 

Accrued interest receivable
 
138,561

 
138,561

 

 
138,561

 

 

Derivative assets (1)
 
4,237

 
4,237

 

 
39,180

 

 
(34,943
)
Other assets held at fair value (1)
 
14,104

 
14,104

 
14,104

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
1,016,038

 
1,016,024

 

 
1,016,024

 

 

Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
33,996,816

 
33,982,751

 

 
33,982,751

 

 

Bonds
 
34,382,344

 
34,298,545

 

 
34,298,545

 

 

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
6,877

 
6,877

 
6,877

 

 

 

Accrued interest payable
 
111,186

 
111,186

 

 
111,186

 

 

Derivative liabilities (1)
 
18,501

 
18,501

 

 
263,351

 

 
(244,850
)
___________________________
(1) 
Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018.
(2) 
Consists of the Bank's holdings of U.S. government-guaranteed debentures, state housing agency obligations, U.S. government-guaranteed RMBS and GSE RMBS.
(3) 
Consists of the Bank's holdings of non-agency RMBS.
(4) 
Amounts represent the effect of legally enforceable master netting agreements or other legally enforceable arrangements between the Bank and its derivative counterparties that allow the Bank to offset positive and negative positions (inclusive of variation margin for daily settled contracts) as well as any cash collateral held or placed with those same counterparties.

36


The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Bank’s financial instruments at December 31, 2017 (in thousands), as well as the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the measurements are classified. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value estimate.
FAIR VALUE SUMMARY TABLE

 
 
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
Financial Instruments
 
Carrying Value
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustment(4)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
87,965

 
$
87,965

 
$
87,965

 
$

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits
 
299

 
299

 

 
299

 

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
6,700,000

 
6,700,000

 

 
6,700,000

 

 

Federal funds sold
 
7,780,000

 
7,780,000

 

 
7,780,000

 

 

Trading securities (1)
 
114,230

 
114,230

 
12,082

 
102,148

 

 

Available-for-sale securities (1)
 
14,402,398

 
14,402,398

 

 
14,402,398

 

 

Held-to-maturity securities
 
1,944,537

 
1,971,038

 

 
1,874,505

(2) 
96,533

(3) 

Advances
 
36,460,524

 
36,459,439

 

 
36,459,439

 

 

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
 
877,852

 
879,464

 

 
879,464

 

 

Accrued interest receivable
 
110,957

 
110,957

 

 
110,957

 

 

Derivative assets (1)
 
17,225

 
17,225

 

 
240,972

 

 
(223,747
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
843,709

 
843,680

 

 
843,680

 

 

Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
32,510,758

 
32,501,773

 

 
32,501,773

 

 

Bonds
 
31,376,858

 
31,333,534

 

 
31,333,534

 

 

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
5,941

 
5,941

 
5,941

 

 

 

Accrued interest payable
 
69,756

 
69,756

 

 
69,756

 

 

Derivative liabilities (1)
 
10,960

 
10,960

 

 
232,437

 

 
(221,477
)
___________________________
(1) 
Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017.
(2) 
Consists of the Bank's holdings of U.S. government-guaranteed debentures, state housing agency obligations, U.S. government-guaranteed RMBS, GSE RMBS and GSE commercial MBS.
(3) 
Consists of the Bank's holdings of non-agency RMBS.
(4) 
Amounts represent the effect of legally enforceable master netting agreements or other legally enforceable arrangements between the Bank and its derivative counterparties that allow the Bank to offset positive and negative positions (inclusive of variation margin for daily settled contracts) as well as any cash collateral held or placed with those same counterparties.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
Note 16—Commitments and Contingencies

Joint and several liability. The Bank is jointly and severally liable with the other 10 FHLBanks for the payment of principal and interest on all of the consolidated obligations issued by the FHLBanks. At September 30, 2018, the par amount of the other 10 FHLBanks’ outstanding consolidated obligations was approximately $950 billion. The Finance Agency, in its discretion, may require any FHLBank to make principal or interest payments due on any consolidated obligation, regardless of whether there has been a default by a FHLBank having primary liability. To the extent that a FHLBank makes any consolidated obligation payment on behalf of another FHLBank, the paying FHLBank is entitled to reimbursement from the FHLBank with primary liability. However, if the Finance Agency determines that the primary obligor is unable to satisfy its obligations, then the Finance Agency may allocate the outstanding liability among the remaining FHLBanks on a pro rata basis in proportion to each FHLBank’s participation in all consolidated obligations outstanding, or on any other basis that the Finance Agency may determine. No FHLBank has ever failed to make any payment on a consolidated obligation for which it was the primary

37


obligor; as a result, the regulatory provisions for directing other FHLBanks to make payments on behalf of another FHLBank or allocating the liability among other FHLBanks have never been invoked. If the Bank expected that it would be required to pay any amounts on behalf of its co-obligors under its joint and several liability, the Bank would charge to income the amount of the expected payment. Based upon the creditworthiness of the other FHLBanks, the Bank currently believes that the likelihood that it would have to pay any amounts beyond those for which it is primarily liable is remote.
Impact of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, two significant hurricanes struck the continental United States. On August 25, 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall near Rockport, Texas, causing substantial flooding and other damage in southeast Texas, including the Houston metropolitan area, and lesser damage in Louisiana. Then, on September 10, 2017, Hurricane Irma made landfall near Marco Island, Florida, causing significant damage in Florida and lesser damage in other southeastern states.
These storms had varying degrees of impact on the Bank’s members, its members’ borrowers and the properties pledged as collateral for those borrowings, and MPF mortgage loan borrowers and the properties pledged as collateral for those mortgage loans.
At the time the storms struck, the Bank held interests totaling approximately $58 million (unpaid principal balance or “UPB”) in conventional mortgage loans acquired through the MPF Program and held for portfolio that were collateralized by properties located in the areas that were ultimately designated as disaster areas by FEMA, making them eligible for individual assistance from the federal government (approximately $14 million UPB was collateralized by properties located in Hurricane Harvey disaster areas and approximately $44 million UPB was collateralized by properties located in Hurricane Irma disaster areas). Under the terms of the MPF Program, all mortgagors are required to carry hazard insurance and, if the property is located in a federal government-designated flood zone, they must also carry flood insurance. Federal assistance may also be available to mortgagors affected by the storms. In addition, mortgage loans with a loan-to-value ratio greater than 80 percent are required to have private mortgage insurance. Members selling mortgage loans to the Bank under the MPF Program are also required to retain a portion of the credit risk associated with those loans (“MPF credit enhancements”). Based on its assessment, the Bank does not currently anticipate any material losses in its mortgage loan portfolio related to Hurricanes Harvey or Irma. As of September 30, 2018, none of these loans were delinquent and $2.8 million UPB of these loans were in forbearance.
The Bank also owns several non-agency RMBS that are collateralized in part by loans on properties that are located in Florida and, to a lesser extent, Texas (the states most affected by Hurricanes Irma and Harvey, respectively). Credit support for the senior tranches of these securities held by the Bank is provided by subordinated tranches that absorb losses before the senior tranches held by the Bank would be affected. The amount of loans in Florida and Texas generally represent a small portion of the underlying loan pools and, therefore, the Bank does not currently anticipate any material losses in its non-agency RMBS portfolio related to Hurricanes Irma or Harvey.
Based on currently available information, the Bank has not recorded any reserves related to Hurricanes Harvey or Irma. If information becomes available indicating that any of these assets has been impaired and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Bank will record appropriate reserves at that time.
The Bank has also evaluated the potential for losses resulting from Hurricanes Harvey and Irma on its advances and letters of credit. Based on its assessment, the Bank does not expect to incur any losses on advances or letters of credit.
Impact of Hurricanes Florence and Michael. In September and October 2018, two significant hurricanes struck the continental United States. On September 14, 2018, Hurricane Florence made landfall near Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, causing severe damage in North and South Carolina, primarily as a result of freshwater flooding. Then, on October 10, 2018, Hurricane Michael made landfall near Mexico Beach, Florida, causing severe damage in the Florida Panhandle, Georgia and Alabama. The Bank's exposure to the destruction caused by these storms relates primarily to its mortgage loan and non-agency RMBS portfolios and, in the case of each portfolio, is insignificant.
Impact of California Wildfires. In October and December, 2017, several significant wildfires destroyed thousands of homes and businesses in Northern and Southern California, respectively. The Bank’s primary exposure to the destruction caused by these wildfires relates to its mortgage loans held for portfolio. At the time the fires occurred, the Bank held interests totaling approximately $83 million UPB in conventional mortgage loans acquired through the MPF Program that were collateralized by properties located in the areas that were ultimately designated as disaster areas by FEMA, making them eligible for individual assistance from the federal government. As noted in the discussion regarding Hurricanes Harvey and Irma, all mortgagors are required under the terms of the MPF Program to carry hazard insurance. For this reason and the other reasons set forth in that discussion, the Bank does not currently anticipate any material losses as a result of the 2017 California wildfires. As of September 30, 2018, none of these loans were 90 days or more delinquent and $0.3 million UPB of these loans were 60-89 days delinquent. In addition, loans with an aggregate UPB of $0.8 million were in forbearance.

38


During the three months ended September 30, 2018, several significant wildfires destroyed over 1,000 homes and other structures in Northern California. At the time these fires occurred, the Bank did not have any conventional mortgage loans that were collateralized by properties located in the areas that were ultimately designated as disaster areas by FEMA.
Other commitments and contingencies. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had commitments to make additional advances totaling approximately $30,301,000 and $20,200,000, respectively. In addition, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $17,201,145,000 and $16,215,472,000 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Based on management’s credit analyses and collateral requirements, the Bank does not deem it necessary to have any provision for credit losses on these letters of credit (see Note 8).
In late 2017 and June 2018, the Bank entered into standby bond purchase agreements with a state housing finance agency within its district whereby, for a fee, the Bank agrees to serve as a standby liquidity provider. If required, the Bank will purchase and hold the housing finance agency's bonds until the designated marketing agent can find a suitable investor or the housing finance agency repurchases the bonds according to a schedule established by the agreement. Each standby bond purchase agreement includes the provisions under which the Bank would be required to purchase the bonds. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had outstanding standby bond purchase agreements totaling $455,685,000 and $207,663,000, respectively. At September 30, 2018, standby bond purchase agreements totaling $202,192,000 and $253,493,000 expire in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Bank was not required to purchase any bonds under these agreements during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or the year ended December 31, 2017.
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had commitments to purchase conventional mortgage loans totaling $30,605,000 and $20,304,000, respectively, from certain of its members that participate in the MPF program.
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had commitments to issue $125,475,000 and $55,000,000, respectively, of consolidated obligation bonds, of which $115,000,000 and $55,000,000, respectively, were hedged with interest rate swaps. In addition, at September 30, 2018, the Bank had commitments to issue $390,953,000 (par value) of consolidated obligation discount notes, none of which were hedged. The Bank did not have any commitments to issue consolidated obligation discount notes at December 31, 2017.
The Bank has transacted interest rate exchange agreements with large financial institutions and third-party clearinghouses that are subject to collateral exchange arrangements. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had pledged cash collateral of $211,275,000 and $137,201,000, respectively, to those parties that had credit risk exposure to the Bank related to interest rate exchange agreements. The pledged cash collateral (i.e., interest-bearing deposit asset) is netted against derivative assets and liabilities in the statements of condition. In addition, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had pledged securities with carrying values (and fair values) of $719,152,000 and $747,230,000, respectively, to parties that had credit risk exposure to the Bank related to interest rate exchange agreements. The pledged securities may be rehypothecated and are not netted against derivative assets and liabilities in the statements of condition.
In the ordinary course of its business, the Bank is subject to the risk that litigation may arise. Currently, the Bank is not a party to any material pending legal proceedings.

Note 17— Transactions with Shareholders
Affiliates of two of the Bank’s derivative counterparties (Citigroup and Wells Fargo) acquired member institutions on March 31, 2005 and October 1, 2006, respectively. Since the acquisitions were completed, the Bank has continued to enter into interest rate exchange agreements with Citigroup and Wells Fargo in the normal course of business and under the same terms and conditions as before. Effective October 1, 2006, Citigroup terminated the Ninth District charter of the affiliate that acquired the member institution and, as a result, an affiliate of Citigroup became a non-member shareholder of the Bank.

Note 18 — Transactions with Other FHLBanks
Occasionally, the Bank loans (or borrows) short-term federal funds to (or from) other FHLBanks. The Bank did not loan any short-term federal funds to other FHLBanks during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, interest income from loans to other FHLBanks totaled $13,425. The following table summarizes the Bank’s loans to other FHLBanks during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands).

39


 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Balance at January 1, 2017
$
290,000

Loans made to:
 
FHLBank of Boston
225,000

Collections from:
 
FHLBank of San Francisco
(290,000
)
FHLBank of Boston
(225,000
)
Balance at September 30, 2017
$

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, interest expense on borrowings from other FHLBanks totaled $75,172 and $15,669, respectively. The following table summarizes the Bank’s borrowings from other FHLBanks during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands).
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Balance at January 1,
$

 
$

Borrowings from:
 
 
 
FHLBank of San Francisco
45,000

 

FHLBank of Indianapolis
610,000

 
20,000

FHLBank of Topeka

 
10,000

FHLBank of Atlanta

 
250,000

FHLBank of Boston
175,000

 

  FHLBank of Cincinnati
500,000

 

  FHLBank of Des Moines
500,000

 

Repayments to:
 
 
 
FHLBank of San Francisco
(45,000
)
 

FHLBank of Indianapolis
(610,000
)
 
(20,000
)
FHLBank of Topeka

 
(10,000
)
FHLBank of Boston
(175,000
)
 

  FHLBank of Cincinnati
(500,000
)
 

  FHLBank of Des Moines
(500,000
)
 

Balance at September 30,
$

 
$
250,000


 

40


Note 19 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents the changes in the components of AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands).
 
Net Unrealized
 Gains (Losses) on
 Available-for-Sale
 Securities (1)
 
Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
 on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Non-Credit Portion of
 Other-than-Temporary
 Impairment Losses on
 Held-to-Maturity Securities
 
Postretirement
 Benefits
 
Total
 AOCI
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at July 1, 2018
$
216,362

 
$
38,788

 
$
(12,048
)
 
$
1,474

 
$
244,576

Reclassifications from AOCI to net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on cash flow hedges included in interest expense

 
(464
)
 

 

 
(464
)
Amortization of prior service costs and net actuarial gains recognized in other income (loss)

 

 

 
(21
)
 
(21
)
Other amounts of other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities
26,598

 

 

 

 
26,598

Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges

 
8,749

 

 

 
8,749

Accretion of non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses to the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities

 

 
717

 

 
717

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
26,598

 
8,285

 
717

 
(21
)
 
35,579

Balance at September 30, 2018
$
242,960

 
$
47,073

 
$
(11,331
)
 
$
1,453

 
$
280,155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at July 1, 2017
$
130,990

 
$
16,065

 
$
(15,227
)
 
$
1,358

 
$
133,186

Reclassifications from AOCI to net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses on cash flow hedges included in interest expense

 
491

 

 

 
491

Amortization of prior service costs and net actuarial gains recognized in compensation and benefits expense

 

 

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Other amounts of other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities
27,278

 

 

 

 
27,278

Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges

 
(917
)
 

 

 
(917
)
Accretion of non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses to the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities

 

 
822

 

 
822

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
27,278

 
(426
)
 
822

 
(4
)
 
27,670

Balance at September 30, 2017
$
158,268

 
$
15,639

 
$
(14,405
)
 
$
1,354

 
$
160,856

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

41


 
Net Unrealized
 Gains (Losses) on
 Available-for-Sale
 Securities (1)
 
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Non-Credit Portion of
 Other-than-Temporary
 Impairment Losses on
 Held-to-Maturity Securities
 
Postretirement
 Benefits
 
Total
 AOCI
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2018
$
212,225

 
$
20,185

 
$
(13,601
)
 
$
1,517

 
$
220,326

Reclassifications from AOCI to net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on cash flow hedges included in interest expense

 
(427
)
 

 

 
(427
)
Amortization of prior service costs and net actuarial gains recognized in other income (loss)

 

 

 
(64
)
 
(64
)
Other amounts of other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities
30,735

 

 

 

 
30,735

Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges

 
27,315

 

 

 
27,315

Accretion of non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses to the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities

 

 
2,270

 

 
2,270

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
30,735

 
26,888

 
2,270

 
(64
)
 
59,829

Balance at September 30, 2018
$
242,960

 
$
47,073

 
$
(11,331
)
 
$
1,453

 
$
280,155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2017
$
58,587

 
$
20,380

 
$
(17,157
)
 
$
1,400

 
$
63,210

Reclassifications from AOCI to net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains on sales of available-for-sale securities included in net income
(1,837
)
 

 

 

 
(1,837
)
Losses on cash flow hedges included in interest expense

 
1,927

 

 

 
1,927

Amortization of prior service costs and net actuarial gains recognized in compensation and benefits expense

 

 

 
(46
)
 
(46
)
Other amounts of other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities
101,518

 

 

 

 
101,518

Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges

 
(6,668
)
 

 

 
(6,668
)
Accretion of non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairment losses to the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities

 

 
2,752

 

 
2,752

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
99,681

 
(4,741
)
 
2,752

 
(46
)
 
97,646

Balance at September 30, 2017
$
158,268

 
$
15,639

 
$
(14,405
)
 
$
1,354

 
$
160,856

_____________________________
(1) Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities are net of unrealized gains and losses relating to hedged interest rate risk included in net income.

42


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in “Item 1. Financial Statements.”
Forward-Looking Information
This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements that reflect current beliefs and expectations of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (the “Bank”) about its future results, performance, liquidity, financial condition, prospects and opportunities. These statements are identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “might,” “expects,” “intends” or their negatives or other similar terms. The Bank cautions that forward-looking statements involve risks or uncertainties that could cause the Bank’s actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements, or could affect the extent to which a particular objective, projection, estimate or prediction is realized. As a result, undue reliance should not be placed on these statements.
These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, evolving economic and market conditions, political events, and the impact of competitive business forces. The risks and uncertainties related to evolving economic and market conditions include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the Bank’s access to the capital markets, changes in the cost of the Bank’s debt, changes in the ratings on the Bank’s debt, adverse consequences resulting from a significant regional, national or global economic downturn (including, but not limited to, reduced demand for the Bank's products and services), credit and prepayment risks, or changes in the financial health of the Bank’s members or non-member borrowers. Among other things, political events could possibly lead to changes in the Bank’s regulatory environment or its status as a government-sponsored enterprise (“GSE”), or to changes in the regulatory environment for the Bank’s members or non-member borrowers. Risks and uncertainties related to competitive business forces include, but are not limited to, the potential loss of a significant amount of member borrowings through acquisitions or other means or changes in the relative competitiveness of the Bank’s products and services for member institutions. For a more detailed discussion of the risk factors applicable to the Bank, see “Item 1A — Risk Factors” in the Bank’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 22, 2018 (the “2017 10-K”). The Bank undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances, or any other reason.
Overview
Business
The Bank is one of 11 district Federal Home Loan Banks (each individually a “FHLBank” and collectively the “FHLBanks” and, together with the Federal Home Loan Banks Office of Finance ("Office of Finance"), a joint office of the FHLBanks, the “FHLBank System”) that were created by the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 (as amended, the "FHLBank Act"). The FHLBanks serve the public by enhancing the availability of credit for residential mortgages, community lending and targeted community development. As independent, member-owned cooperatives, the FHLBanks seek to maintain a balance between their public purpose and their ability to provide adequate returns on the capital supplied by their members. The Federal Housing Finance Agency (“Finance Agency”), an independent agency in the executive branch of the U.S. government, is responsible for supervising and regulating the FHLBanks and the Office of Finance. The Finance Agency’s stated mission is to ensure that the housing GSEs, including the FHLBanks, operate in a safe and sound manner so that they serve as a reliable source of liquidity and funding for housing finance and community investment. Consistent with this mission, the Finance Agency establishes policies and regulations covering the operations of the FHLBanks.
The Bank serves eligible financial institutions in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico and Texas (collectively, the Ninth District of the FHLBank System). The Bank’s primary business is lending relatively low cost funds (known as advances) to its member institutions, which include commercial banks, savings institutions, insurance companies, credit unions, and Community Development Financial Institutions that are certified under the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994. While not members of the Bank, housing associates, including state and local housing authorities, that meet certain statutory criteria may also borrow from the Bank. The Bank also maintains a portfolio of investments, substantially all of which are highly rated, for liquidity purposes and to provide additional earnings. Additionally, the Bank holds interests in a portfolio of predominately conventional mortgage loans that were acquired through the Mortgage Partnership Finance® (“MPF”®) Program administered by the FHLBank of Chicago. Shareholders’ return on their investment includes dividends (which are typically paid quarterly in the form of capital stock) and the value derived from access to the Bank’s products and services. Historically, the Bank has balanced the financial rewards to shareholders by seeking to pay a dividend that meets or exceeds the return on alternative short-term money market investments available to shareholders, while lending funds at the lowest rates expected to be compatible with that objective and its objective to build retained earnings over time.

43


The Bank’s capital stock is not publicly traded and can be held only by members of the Bank, by non-member institutions that acquire stock by virtue of acquiring member institutions, by a federal or state agency or insurer acting as a receiver of a closed institution, or by former members of the Bank that retain capital stock to support advances or other obligations that remain outstanding or until any applicable stock redemption or withdrawal notice period expires. All members must hold stock in the Bank. The Bank’s capital stock has a par value of $100 per share and is purchased, redeemed, repurchased and transferred only at its par value. By regulation, the parties to a transaction involving the Bank's stock can include only the Bank and its member institutions (or non-member institutions or former members, as described above). While a member could transfer stock to another member of the Bank, that transfer could occur only upon approval of the Bank and then only at par value. Members may redeem excess stock, or withdraw from membership and redeem all outstanding capital stock, with five years’ written notice to the Bank.
The FHLBanks’ debt instruments (known as consolidated obligations) are their primary source of funds and are the joint and several obligations of all 11 FHLBanks. Consolidated obligations are issued through the Office of Finance (acting as agent for the FHLBanks) and generally are publicly traded in the over-the-counter market. The Bank records on its statements of condition only those consolidated obligations for which it receives the proceeds. Consolidated obligations are not obligations of the U.S. government and the U.S. government does not guarantee them. Consolidated obligations are currently rated Aaa/P-1 by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) and AA+/A-1+ by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”). These ratings indicate that each of these nationally recognized statistical rating organizations ("NRSROs") has concluded that the FHLBanks have a very strong capacity to meet their commitments to pay principal and interest on consolidated obligations. The ratings also reflect the FHLBank System’s status as a GSE. Historically, the FHLBanks’ GSE status and very high credit ratings on consolidated obligations have provided the FHLBanks with excellent capital markets access. Deposits, other borrowings and the proceeds from capital stock issued to members are also sources of funds for the Bank.
In addition to ratings on the FHLBanks’ consolidated obligations, each FHLBank is rated individually by both S&P and Moody’s. These individual FHLBank ratings apply to the individual obligations of the respective FHLBanks, such as interest rate derivatives, deposits and letters of credit. As of September 30, 2018, Moody’s had assigned a deposit rating of Aaa/P-1 to each of the FHLBanks and S&P had rated each of the FHLBanks AA+/A-1+.
Shareholders, bondholders and prospective shareholders and bondholders should understand that these credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, hold or sell securities and they may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the NRSRO. The ratings from each of the NRSROs should be evaluated independently.
The Bank conducts its business and fulfills its public purpose primarily by acting as a financial intermediary between its members and the capital markets. The intermediation of the timing, structure and amount of its members’ credit needs with the investment requirements of the Bank’s creditors is made possible by the extensive use of interest rate exchange agreements, including interest rate swaps, swaptions and caps.
The Bank’s profitability objective is to generate sufficient earnings to allow the Bank to continue to increase its retained earnings and pay dividends on capital stock at rates that meet the Bank's dividend targets. Currently, the Bank's target for quarterly dividends on Class B-1 Stock is an annualized rate that approximates the average one-month LIBOR rate for the immediately preceding quarter. The target range for quarterly dividends on Class B-2 Stock is currently an annualized rate that approximates the average one-month LIBOR rate for the preceding quarter plus 0.5 - 1.0 percent. While the Bank has had a long-standing practice of paying quarterly dividends, future dividend payments cannot be assured.
The Bank operates in only one reportable segment. All of the Bank’s revenues are derived from U.S. operations.

44


The following table summarizes the Bank’s membership, by type of institution, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
MEMBERSHIP SUMMARY
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Commercial banks
594

 
608

Savings institutions
57

 
58

Credit unions
117

 
114

Insurance companies
38

 
35

Community Development Financial Institutions
7

 
6

Total members
813

 
821

Housing associates
8

 
8

Non-member borrowers
5

 
6

Total
826

 
835

Community Financial Institutions (“CFIs”) (1)
582

 
600

_____________________________
(1) 
The figures shown reflect the number of institutions that were Community Financial Institutions as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 based upon the definitions of Community Financial Institutions that applied as of those dates.
For 2018, Community Financial Institutions (“CFIs”) are defined to include all institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) with average total assets as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 of less than $1.173 billion. For 2017, CFIs were defined as FDIC-insured institutions with average total assets as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 of less than $1.148 billion.
As of September 30, 2018, the Bank had 813 members. The decline in the Bank's membership during the first nine months of 2018 was largely attributable to intra-district merger activity.
Financial Market Conditions
Economic growth in the United States expanded during the third quarter of 2018. The gross domestic product increased at an annual rate of 3.5 percent during the third quarter of 2018, after increasing at annual rates of 2.2 percent during the first quarter of 2018, 4.2 percent during the second quarter of 2018, and 2.2 percent during 2017. The nationwide unemployment rate was 3.7 percent at September 30, 2018, down from 4.0 percent at June 30, 2018 and 4.1 percent at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Housing prices continued to increase in most major metropolitan areas, albeit at a slower pace than in 2017, while home sales slowed in many markets.
At a meeting that was held on March 20/21, 2018, the Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") raised its target for the federal funds rate to a range between 1.50 percent and 1.75 percent (from a range between 1.25 percent and 1.50 percent). The FOMC further raised its target for the federal funds rate to a range between 1.75 percent and 2.00 percent at a meeting held on June 12/13, 2018 and to a range between 2.00 percent and 2.25 percent at a meeting held on September 25/26, 2018. At a meeting held on November 7/8, 2018, the FOMC maintained its target for the federal funds rate at a range between 2.00 percent and 2.25 percent and stated that it expects that further gradual increases in the target range for the federal funds rate will be consistent with sustained expansion of economic activity, strong labor market conditions, and inflation near the FOMC's symmetric 2 percent objective over the medium term. In addition, through the first nine months of 2018, the FOMC continued its balance sheet normalization program, which gradually reduces the Federal Reserve's securities holdings by decreasing reinvestment of principal payments from those securities. The FOMC's next regular meeting is scheduled to occur on December 18/19, 2018.
One-month and three-month LIBOR increased during the first nine months of 2018, with one-month and three-month LIBOR ending the third quarter at 2.26 percent and 2.40 percent, respectively, as compared to 1.56 percent and 1.69 percent, respectively, at the end of 2017.

45


The following table presents information on various market interest rates at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and various average market interest rates for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
 
Ending Rate
 
Average Rate
 
Average Rate
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Third Quarter 2018
 
Third Quarter 2017
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Federal Funds Target (1)
2.25%
 
1.50%
 
2.01%
 
1.25%
 
1.78%
 
1.03%
Average Effective Federal Funds Rate (2)
2.18%
 
1.33%
 
1.93%
 
1.14%
 
1.71%
 
0.93%
1-month LIBOR (1)
2.26%
 
1.56%
 
2.11%
 
1.23%
 
1.91%
 
1.04%
3-month LIBOR (1)
2.40%
 
1.69%
 
2.34%
 
1.31%
 
2.20%
 
1.20%
2-year LIBOR (1)
2.99%
 
2.08%
 
2.86%
 
1.60%
 
2.67%
 
1.57%
5-year LIBOR (1)
3.07%
 
2.24%
 
2.94%
 
1.88%
 
2.82%
 
1.93%
10-year LIBOR (1)
3.12%
 
2.40%
 
2.99%
 
2.20%
 
2.91%
 
2.26%
3-month U.S. Treasury (1)
2.19%
 
1.39%
 
2.07%
 
1.05%
 
1.85%
 
0.86%
2-year U.S. Treasury (1)
2.81%
 
1.89%
 
2.67%
 
1.36%
 
2.44%
 
1.30%
5-year U.S. Treasury (1)
2.94%
 
2.20%
 
2.81%
 
1.81%
 
2.71%
 
1.86%
10-year U.S. Treasury (1)
3.05%
 
2.40%
 
2.92%
 
2.24%
 
2.87%
 
2.32%
_____________________________
(1) 
Source: Bloomberg (reflects upper end of target range)
(2) 
Source: Federal Reserve Statistical Release

Year-to-Date 2018 Summary
The Bank ended the third quarter of 2018 with total assets of $73.7 billion compared with $68.5 billion at the end of 2017. The $5.2 billion increase in total assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was attributable primarily to increases in the Bank's advances ($5.7 billion), long-term investments ($0.7 billion) and mortgage loans held for portfolio ($0.9 billion), partially offset by a decrease in the Bank's short-term liquidity portfolio ($2.2 billion).
Total advances increased from $36.5 billion at December 31, 2017 to $42.2 billion at September 30, 2018.
Mortgage loans held for portfolio increased from $0.9 billion at December 31, 2017 to $1.8 billion at September 30, 2018.
The Bank’s net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $50.1 million and $140.6 million, respectively, as compared to $40.0 million and $118.9 million, respectively, during the corresponding periods in 2017. The increase of $10.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding period in 2017 was due to a $18.5 million increase in net interest income and a $0.7 million decrease in non-interest expenses, offset by a $8.0 million negative swing in non-interest income (loss) and a $1.1 million increase in the Bank's Affordable Housing Program assessment. The increase of $21.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding period in 2017 was due to a $48.2 million increase in net interest income, offset by a $21.7 million decrease in non-interest income, a $2.4 million increase in non-interest expenses and a $2.4 million increase in the Bank's Affordable Housing Program assessment. For additional discussion, see the section entitled "Results of Operations" beginning on page 65 of this report.
At all times during the first nine months of 2018, the Bank was in compliance with all of its regulatory capital requirements. In addition, the Bank’s retained earnings increased to $1.042 billion at September 30, 2018 from $941.8 million at December 31, 2017. Retained earnings was 1.41 percent and 1.37 percent of total assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
During the first nine months of 2018, the Bank paid dividends totaling $40.8 million. The Bank’s first quarter 2018 dividends on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock were paid at annualized rates of 1.33 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the fourth quarter of 2017) and 2.33 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the fourth quarter of 2017 plus 1.0 percent), respectively. The Bank’s second quarter 2018 dividends on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock were paid at annualized rates of 1.65 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the first quarter of 2018) and 2.65 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the first quarter of 2018 plus 1.0 percent), respectively. The Bank’s third quarter 2018 dividends on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock were

46


paid at annualized rates of 1.97 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the second quarter of 2018) and 2.97 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the second quarter of 2018 plus 1.0 percent), respectively.

Selected Financial Data
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(dollars in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
Third
 Quarter
 
Second
 Quarter
 
First
 Quarter
 
Fourth
 Quarter
 
Third
 Quarter
Balance sheet (at quarter end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Advances
$
42,241,727

 
$
43,589,555

 
$
35,303,746

 
$
36,460,524

 
$
36,287,884

Investments (1)
29,433,699

 
30,807,424

 
28,571,090

 
30,941,464

 
29,255,476

Mortgage loans held for portfolio
1,795,576

 
1,322,093

 
1,019,653

 
878,123

 
576,947

Allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans
382

 
278

 
271

 
271

 
141

Total assets
73,710,099

 
75,939,877

 
65,099,832

 
68,524,301

 
66,449,883

Consolidated obligations — discount notes
33,996,816

 
39,322,407

 
26,641,297

 
32,510,758

 
31,438,766

Consolidated obligations — bonds
34,382,344

 
31,141,214

 
33,502,435

 
31,376,858

 
30,060,229

Total consolidated obligations(2)
68,379,160

 
70,463,621

 
60,143,732

 
63,887,616

 
61,498,995

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock(3)
6,877

 
824

 
832

 
5,941

 
7,032

Capital stock — putable
2,608,799

 
2,660,055

 
2,350,943

 
2,317,937

 
2,206,815

Unrestricted retained earnings
904,525

 
880,637

 
855,150

 
832,826

 
818,251

Restricted retained earnings
137,066

 
127,051

 
117,285

 
108,937

 
102,663

Total retained earnings
1,041,591

 
1,007,688

 
972,435

 
941,763

 
920,914

Accumulated other comprehensive income
280,155

 
244,576

 
275,627

 
220,326

 
160,856

Total capital
3,930,545

 
3,912,319

 
3,599,005

 
3,480,026

 
3,288,585

Dividends paid(3)
16,168

 
13,581

 
11,064

 
10,524

 
8,643

Income statement (for the quarter)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provision for mortgage loan losses
$
80,937

 
$
76,005

 
$
68,093

 
$
60,686

 
$
62,492

Other income (loss)
(2,503
)
 
425

 
2,274

 
573

 
5,463

Other expense
22,798

 
22,169

 
23,991

 
26,399

 
23,491

AHP assessment
5,565

 
5,427

 
4,640

 
3,487

 
4,451

Net income
50,071

 
48,834

 
41,736

 
31,373

 
40,013

Performance ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest margin(4)
0.45
%
 
0.46
%
 
0.42
%
 
0.38
%
 
0.39
%
Net interest spread (5)
0.33

 
0.36

 
0.34

 
0.32

 
0.32

Return on average assets
0.28

 
0.30

 
0.26

 
0.19

 
0.25

Return on average equity
5.05

 
5.22

 
4.63

 
3.71

 
4.83

Return on average capital stock (6)
7.53

 
7.88

 
6.99

 
5.57

 
7.12

Total average equity to average assets
5.45

 
5.75

 
5.61

 
5.26

 
5.12

Regulatory capital ratio(7)
4.96

 
4.83

 
5.11

 
4.77

 
4.72

Dividend payout ratio (3)(8)
32.29

 
27.81

 
26.51

 
33.54

 
21.60


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_____________________________
(1) 
Investments consist of interest-bearing deposits, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, loans to other FHLBanks and securities classified as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, and trading.
(2) 
The Bank is jointly and severally liable with the other FHLBanks for the payment of principal and interest on the consolidated obligations of all of the FHLBanks. At September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, the outstanding consolidated obligations (at par value) of all of the FHLBanks totaled approximately $1.019 trillion, $1.060 trillion, $1.019 trillion, $1.034 trillion and $1.028 trillion, respectively. As of those dates, the Bank’s outstanding consolidated obligations (at par value) were $69 billion, $71 billion, $61 billion, $64 billion and $62 billion, respectively.
(3) 
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock represents capital stock that is classified as a liability under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Dividends on mandatorily redeemable capital stock are recorded as interest expense and excluded from dividends paid. Dividends paid on mandatorily redeemable capital stock totaled $6 thousand, $24 thousand, $22 thousand, $30 thousand and $47 thousand for the quarters ended September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
(4) 
Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets.
(5) 
Net interest spread is the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(6) 
Return on average capital stock is derived by dividing net income by average capital stock balances excluding mandatorily redeemable capital stock.
(7) 
The regulatory capital ratio is computed by dividing regulatory capital (the sum of capital stock — putable, mandatorily redeemable capital stock and retained earnings) by total assets at each quarter-end.
(8) 
Dividend payout ratio is computed by dividing dividends paid by net income for each quarter.


Impact of Hurricanes and California Wildfires
In 2017, two significant hurricanes struck the continental United States. On August 25, 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall near Rockport, Texas, causing substantial flooding and other damage in southeast Texas, including the Houston metropolitan area, and lesser damage in Louisiana. Then, on September 10, 2017, Hurricane Irma made landfall near Marco Island, Florida, causing significant damage in Florida and lesser damage in other southeastern states.
In 2018, two significant hurricanes struck the continental United States. On September 14, 2018, Hurricane Florence made landfall near Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, causing severe damage in North and South Carolina, primarily as a result of freshwater flooding. Then, on October 10, 2018, Hurricane Michael made landfall near Mexico Beach, Florida, causing severe damage in the Florida Panhandle, Georgia and Alabama.
In October and December 2017, several significant wildfires destroyed thousands of homes and businesses in Northern and Southern California, respectively. Then, in the third quarter of 2018, several significant wildfires destroyed over 1,000 homes and other structures in Northern California.
For additional discussion, see "Item 1. Financial Statements" (specifically, Note 16 beginning on page 37) included in this report.
Regulatory Developments
Advisory Bulletin Regarding Advance Pricing
On August 3, 2018, the Finance Agency issued an Advisory Bulletin (“AB”) that provides guidance to the FHLBanks on the methods a FHLBank may use to demonstrate and document its compliance with the minimum advance pricing requirements set forth in the Finance Agency’s regulations. Specifically, Section 1266.5(b)(1) of the Finance Agency’s regulations states “A Bank shall not price its advances to members below: (1) the marginal cost to the Bank of raising matching term and maturity funds in the marketplace, including embedded options and (2) the administrative and operating costs associated with making such advances to members.”
The AB describes several methods a FHLBank may use to demonstrate and document its compliance with the minimum pricing requirement of the regulation related to the marginal cost of raising matching term and maturity funds when a Bank-issued debt equivalent is not available in the marketplace. In addition, the AB makes clear that including only the marginal administrative and operating costs associated with making an advance in its advance pricing does not provide for an appropriate allocation of costs. Instead, the AB requires the Bank to document the portion of the Bank’s total operating expenses that are associated with making advances and to incorporate those costs into its advance pricing.
The Bank is currently evaluating the potential impact of this AB. It is possible that the provisions of the AB, which become effective on January 1, 2019, could require the Bank to increase the pricing of its advances and/or reduce its operating expenses associated with making advances. If the Bank were to increase its pricing, the demand for the Bank’s advances could decline

48


which, in turn, would negatively affect its financial condition and results of operations. A reduction in the Bank’s operating expenses could cause a reduction in service levels.
Liquidity Guidance
On August 23, 2018, the Finance Agency issued an Advisory Bulletin and accompanying supervisory letter that, together, set forth its expectations with respect to the maintenance of sufficient liquidity to enable the FHLBanks to provide advances and fund letters of credit during a sustained capital markets disruption. More specifically, the Advisory Bulletin (hereinafter referred to as the “Liquidity AB”) sets forth the Finance Agency’s expectations with respect to base case liquidity and funding gaps, among other things. The Liquidity AB sets forth ranges for the prescribed base case liquidity and funding gap measures and the supervisory letter identifies the initial thresholds within those ranges that the Finance Agency believes are appropriate in light of current market conditions. Subsequent revisions to the initial thresholds, if any, will be communicated to the FHLBanks via supervisory letters.
With respect to base case liquidity, the Liquidity AB requires each FHLBank to maintain a positive cash balance during a prescribed period of time ranging from 10 to 30 calendar days assuming no access to the market for consolidated obligations or other unsecured funding sources and the renewal of all advances that are scheduled to mature during the measurement period. Initially, the Finance Agency has indicated that it will consider a FHLBank to have adequate reserves of liquid assets if, by March 31, 2019, it maintains 10 calendar days or more of positive daily cash balances and if, by December 31, 2019, it maintains 20 calendar days or more of positive daily cash balances. The supervisory letter sets forth the cash flow assumptions to be used by the FHLBanks which include, among other things, a reserve for potential draws on standby letters of credit. Effective March 31, 2019, the Liquidity AB rescinds the Finance Agency’s March 2009 liquidity guidance, which currently requires the Bank to meet two daily liquidity standards (specifically, the 5-day renewal and 15-day roll-off scenarios that are described in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this report beginning on page 74).
Funding gaps measure the difference between a FHLBank’s assets and liabilities that are scheduled to mature during a specified period, expressed as a percentage of the FHLBank’s total assets. Depending on conditions in the financial markets, the Finance Agency believes (as stated in the Liquidity AB) that the FHLBanks should operate so as not to exceed a funding gap ratio between negative 10 percent and negative 20 percent for a three-month time horizon and between negative 25 percent and negative 35 percent for a one-year time horizon. These limits are designed to reduce the liquidity risks associated with a mismatch in a FHLBank’s asset and liability maturities, including an undue reliance on short-term debt funding, which may increase a FHLBank’s debt rollover risk. Initially, the Finance Agency has indicated that it will consider a FHLBank to have adequate liquidity to address funding gap risks if, by December 31, 2018, the FHLBank maintains a funding gap ratio of negative 15 percent or better for the three-month time horizon and negative 30 percent or better for the one-year time horizon. For purposes of calculating the funding gap ratios, the FHLBanks may include estimates of expected cash inflows, including anticipated prepayments, for mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities.
The Liquidity AB also sets forth the Finance Agency’s expectations for liquidity stress testing and contingency funding plans. Further, because the guidance encourages the FHLBanks to hold U.S. Treasury securities for liquidity purposes, it generally allows for the exclusion of those securities when calculating a FHLBank’s Core Mission Asset ratio.
To the extent this guidance requires the Bank to hold more lower-yielding assets and/or issue more longer-term, higher-cost debt, the Bank’s results of operations could be adversely impacted.
Proposed Amendments to Rule Regarding Golden Parachute and Indemnification Payments
On August 28, 2018, the Finance Agency proposed amendments to its rule on golden parachute payments (the “Golden Parachute Rule”) to address areas of supervisory concern and to reduce administrative and compliance burdens. The Golden Parachute Rule sets forth the standards that the Finance Agency would take into consideration when limiting or prohibiting golden parachute or indemnification payments by a FHLBank to an entity-affiliated party if the FHLBank were in a troubled condition, in conservatorship or receivership, or insolvent. The proposed amendments would:
Focus these standards on payments to and agreements with executive officers, broad-based plans (such as severance plans) covering large numbers of employees, and payments to employees other than executive officers who may have engaged in certain types of wrongdoing;
Revise and clarify definitions, exemptions and procedures to implement the Finance Agency’s supervisory approach; and
Align procedures and outcomes of review with requirements of the Finance Agency’s rule on executive compensation.
Comments on the proposed rule were due by October 12, 2018.


49


Final Rule on Indemnification Payments
On October 4, 2018, the Finance Agency published a final rule establishing standards for identifying when an indemnification payment by a FHLBank to an officer, director, employee, or other affiliated party in connection with an administrative proceeding or civil action instituted by the Finance Agency is prohibited or permissible. The rule generally prohibits these payments except in the following circumstances:
Premiums for any commercial liability insurance or fidelity bonds for directors and officers, to the extent that the insurance or fidelity bond covers expenses and restitution, but not a judgment in favor of the Finance Agency or a civil money penalty imposed by the Finance Agency;
Expenses of defending an action, subject to an agreement to repay those expenses in certain instances; and
Amounts due under an indemnification agreement entered into with a named affiliated party on or prior to September 20, 2016 (the date the rule was proposed).
The rule also outlines the process that a FHLBank’s board of directors must undertake prior to making a permitted payment. The rule became effective on November 5, 2018.
Financial Condition
The following table provides selected period-end balances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, as well as selected average balances for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017. As shown in the table, the Bank’s total assets increased by 7.6 percent between December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, due primarily to increases in the Bank's advances ($5.7 billion), long-term investments ($0.7 billion) and mortgage loans held for portfolio ($0.9 billion), partially offset by a decrease in the Bank's short-term liquidity portfolio ($2.2 billion). As the Bank’s assets increased, the funding for those assets also increased. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, total consolidated obligations increased by $4.5 billion as consolidated obligation discount notes increased by $1.5 billion and consolidated obligation bonds increased by $3.0 billion.
The activity in each of the major balance sheet captions is discussed in the sections following the table.

50



SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
(dollars in millions)

 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
Balance at
 
 
Balance
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
December 31, 2017
Advances
 
$
42,242

 
$
5,781

 
15.9
 %
 
$
36,461

Short-term liquidity holdings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
 
1,800

 
1,800

 
*

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
4,240

 
(2,460
)
 
(36.7
)%
 
6,700

Federal funds sold
 
4,785

 
(2,995
)
 
(38.5
)%
 
7,780

Trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury Bills
 
695

 
695

 
*

 

U.S. Treasury Notes
 
746

 
746

 
*

 

Total short-term liquidity holdings
 
12,266

 
(2,214
)
 
(15.3
)%
 
14,480

Long-term investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities (U.S. Treasury Note)
 
98

 
(4
)
 
(3.9
)%
 
102

Available-for-sale securities
 
15,488

 
1,086

 
7.5
 %
 
14,402

Held-to-maturity securities
 
1,581

 
(364
)
 
(18.7
)%
 
1,945

Total long-term investments
 
17,167

 
718

 
4.4
 %
 
16,449

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
 
1,795

 
917

 
104.4
 %
 
878

Total assets
 
73,710

 
5,186

 
7.6
 %
 
68,524

Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated obligations — bonds
 
34,382

 
3,005

 
9.6
 %
 
31,377

Consolidated obligations — discount notes
 
33,997

 
1,486

 
4.6
 %
 
32,511

Total consolidated obligations
 
68,379

 
4,491

 
7.0
 %
 
63,888

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
7

 
1

 
16.7
 %
 
6

Capital stock
 
2,609

 
291

 
12.6
 %
 
2,318

Retained earnings
 
1,042

 
100

 
10.6
 %
 
942

Average total assets
 
67,537

 
6,729

 
11.1
 %
 
60,808

Average capital stock
 
2,516

 
381

 
17.8
 %
 
2,135

Average mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
3

 
(6
)
 
(66.7
)%
 
9

_____________________________
* The percentage increase is not meaningful.

51


Advances
The Bank's advances balances (at par value) increased by $5.8 billion (16.0 percent) during the first nine months of 2018, due primarily to increases in advances to the Bank's larger borrowers, including a $1.0 billion increase in advances to Comerica Bank (the Bank's largest borrower at September 30, 2018 and one of its two largest borrowers at December 31, 2017), a $0.4 billion increase in advances to Texas Capital Bank, N.A. (the Bank's second largest borrower at September 30, 2018 and its other largest borrower at December 31, 2017), and a $2.5 billion increase in advances to American General Life Insurance Company (the Bank's third largest borrower at September 30, 2018). The following table presents advances outstanding, by type of institution, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
ADVANCES OUTSTANDING BY BORROWER TYPE
(par value, dollars in millions)

 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
Commercial banks
$
28,079

 
66
%
 
$
25,852

 
71
%
Insurance companies
6,136

 
15

 
3,078

 
8

Savings institutions
4,403

 
11

 
3,903

 
11

Credit unions
3,550

 
8

 
3,479

 
10

Community Development Financial Institutions
16

 

 
12

 

Total member advances
42,184

 
100

 
36,324

 
100

Housing associates
110

 

 
126

 

Non-member borrowers
17

 

 
19

 

Total par value of advances
$
42,311

 
100
%
 
$
36,469

 
100
%
Total par value of advances outstanding to CFIs (1)
$
7,040

 
17
%
 
$
7,273

 
20
%
_____________________________
(1) 
The figures shown reflect the advances outstanding to CFIs as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 based upon the definitions of CFIs that applied as of those dates.
At September 30, 2018, advances outstanding to the Bank’s five largest borrowers totaled $14.4 billion, representing 34.1 percent of the Bank’s total outstanding advances as of that date. In comparison, advances outstanding to the Bank’s five largest borrowers as of December 31, 2017 totaled $10.6 billion, representing 29.2 percent of the total outstanding advances at that date. The following table presents the Bank’s five largest borrowers as of September 30, 2018.
FIVE LARGEST BORROWERS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
(par value, dollars in millions)

Name
 
Par Value of Advances
 
Percent of Total
Par Value of Advances
Comerica Bank
 
$
3,800

 
9.0
%
Texas Capital Bank, N.A.
 
3,200

 
7.6

American General Life Insurance Company
 
3,148

 
7.4

NexBank, SSB
 
2,201

 
5.2

Iberiabank
 
2,085

 
4.9

 
 
$
14,434

 
34.1
%


52


The following table presents information regarding the composition of the Bank’s advances by product type as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
ADVANCES OUTSTANDING BY PRODUCT TYPE
(par value, dollars in millions)

 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Balance
 
Percentage
of Total
 
Balance
 
Percentage
of Total
Fixed-rate
$
30,145

 
71.3
%
 
$
24,796

 
68.0
%
Adjustable/variable-rate indexed
10,886

 
25.7

 
10,297

 
28.2

Amortizing
1,280

 
3.0

 
1,376

 
3.8

Total par value
$
42,311

 
100.0
%
 
$
36,469

 
100.0
%
The Bank is required by statute and regulation to obtain sufficient collateral from members/borrowers to fully secure all advances and other extensions of credit. The Bank’s collateral arrangements with its members/borrowers and the types of collateral it accepts to secure advances are described in the 2017 10-K. To ensure the value of collateral pledged to the Bank is sufficient to secure its advances, the Bank applies various haircuts, or discounts, to determine the value of the collateral against which borrowers may borrow. From time to time, the Bank reevaluates the adequacy of its collateral haircuts under a range of stress scenarios to ensure that its collateral haircuts are sufficient to protect the Bank from credit losses on advances.
In addition, as described in the 2017 10-K, the Bank reviews the financial condition of its depository institution borrowers on at least a quarterly basis to identify any borrowers whose financial condition indicates they might pose an increased credit risk and, as needed, takes appropriate action. The Bank has not experienced any credit losses on advances since it was founded in 1932 and, based on its credit extension and collateral policies, management currently does not anticipate any credit losses on advances. Accordingly, the Bank has not provided any allowance for losses on advances.
Short-Term Liquidity Holdings
At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s short-term liquidity holdings were comprised of $4.8 billion of overnight federal funds sold, $4.2 billion of overnight reverse repurchase agreements, $1.8 billion of overnight interest-bearing deposits, $0.7 billion of U.S. Treasury Bills and $0.7 billion of U.S. Treasury Notes that were acquired with short remaining terms to maturity. At December 31, 2017, the Bank’s short-term liquidity holdings were comprised of $7.8 billion of overnight federal funds sold and $6.7 billion of overnight reverse repurchase agreements. All of the Bank's federal funds sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were transacted with domestic bank counterparties and U.S. branches of foreign financial institutions on an overnight basis. To enhance the returns provided by its short-term liquidity portfolio, the Bank began investing in overnight interest-bearing deposits during the three months ended September 30, 2018. During that period, all of the interest-bearing deposits were transacted with domestic bank counterparties. As of September 30, 2018, the Bank’s overnight federal funds sold consisted of $0.9 billion sold to counterparties rated double-A, $3.1 billion sold to counterparties rated single-A and $0.8 billion sold to counterparties rated triple-B. As of September 30, 2018, substantially all of the Bank's interest-bearing deposits were held in single-A rated domestic banks. The credit ratings presented in the two preceding sentences represent the lowest long-term rating assigned to the counterparty by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch Ratings, Ltd. (“Fitch”).
The amount of the Bank’s short-term liquidity holdings fluctuates in response to several factors, including the anticipated demand for advances, the timing and extent of advance prepayments, changes in the Bank’s deposit balances, the Bank’s pre-funding activities, prevailing conditions (or anticipated changes in conditions) in the short-term debt markets, changes in the returns provided by short-term investment alternatives relative to the Bank’s discount note funding costs, the level of liquidity needed to satisfy Finance Agency requirements and the Finance Agency's expectations with regard to the Bank's core mission achievement. For a discussion of the Finance Agency’s current liquidity requirements, see the section below entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” For a discussion of the Finance Agency's guidance regarding core mission achievement, see Item 1 - Business - Core Mission Achievement in the 2017 10-K. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank's core mission asset ("CMA") ratio was 65.5 percent. In comparison, the Bank's CMA ratio was 62.9 percent for the year ended December 31, 2017.

53


Long-Term Investments
The composition of the Bank's long-term investment portfolio at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is set forth in the table below.
COMPOSITION OF LONG-TERM INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
(in millions)
 
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Total Long-Term
 
 
 
 
Held-to-Maturity
 
Available-for-Sale
 
Trading
 
Investments
 
Held-to-Maturity
September 30, 2018
 
(at carrying value)
 
 (at fair value)
 
 (at fair value)
 
(at carrying value)
 
 (at fair value)
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed obligations
 
$
8

 
$
448

 
$
98

 
$
554

 
$
8

GSE obligations
 

 
5,649

 

 
5,649

 

State housing agency obligations
 
135

 

 

 
135

 
133

Other
 

 
171

 

 
171

 

Total debentures
 
143

 
6,268

 
98

 
6,509

 
141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed
    residential MBS
 
1

 

 

 
1

 
1

GSE residential MBS
 
1,369

 

 

 
1,369

 
1,378

GSE commercial MBS
 

 
9,220

 

 
9,220

 

Non-agency residential MBS
 
68

 

 

 
68

 
84

Total MBS
 
1,438

 
9,220

 

 
10,658

 
1,463

Total long-term investments
 
$
1,581

 
$
15,488

 
$
98

 
$
17,167

 
$
1,604

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Total Long-Term
 
 
 
 
Held-to-Maturity
 
Available-for-Sale
 
Trading
 
Investments
 
Held-to-Maturity
December 31, 2017
 
(at carrying value)
 
 (at fair value)
 
 (at fair value)
 
(at carrying value)
 
 (at fair value)
Debentures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed obligations
 
$
11

 
$
479

 
$
102

 
$
592

 
$
11

GSE obligations
 

 
6,003

 

 
6,003

 

State housing agency obligations
 
160

 

 

 
160

 
160

Other
 

 
174

 

 
174

 

Total debentures
 
171

 
6,656

 
102

 
6,929

 
171

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government-guaranteed
    residential MBS
 
2

 

 

 
2

 
2

GSE residential MBS
 
1,656

 

 

 
1,656

 
1,666

GSE commercial MBS
 
35

 
7,746

 

 
7,781

 
35

Non-agency residential MBS
 
81

 

 

 
81

 
97

Total MBS
 
1,774

 
7,746

 

 
9,520

 
1,800

Total long-term investments
 
$
1,945

 
$
14,402

 
$
102

 
$
16,449

 
$
1,971


As of September 30, 2018, the U.S. government and the issuers of the Bank's holdings of GSE debentures and GSE MBS were rated triple-A by Moody's and Fitch and AA+ by S&P. The Bank's holdings of other debentures, which were comprised of securities issued by the Private Export Funding Corporation ("PEFCO"), are currently rated triple-A by Moody's and Fitch. The PEFCO debentures are not currently rated by S&P. The credit ratings associated with the Bank's holdings of non-agency residential MBS ("RMBS") are presented in the table on page 55.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank acquired (based on trade date) $1.9 billion of GSE commercial MBS ("CMBS"). All of the Bank's CMBS holdings are backed by multi-family loans. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the proceeds from maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturity securities and available-for-sale securities totaled approximately $326 million and $226 million, respectively.

54


During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were no sales of available-for-sale securities. During this same nine-month period, the Bank sold $42 million (par value) of GSE RMBS classified as held-to-maturity securities. The gains recognized on these sales totaled $1.1 million.
The Bank is precluded by regulation from purchasing additional MBS if such purchase would cause the aggregate amortized cost of its MBS holdings to exceed 300 percent of the Bank’s total regulatory capital (the sum of its capital stock, mandatorily redeemable capital stock and retained earnings). However, the Bank is not required to sell any mortgage securities that it purchased at a time when it was in compliance with this ratio. At September 30, 2018, the Bank held $10.5 billion (amortized cost) of MBS, which represented 288 percent of its total regulatory capital as of that date. The Bank intends to continue to purchase additional GSE MBS if securities with adequate returns are available when the Bank has the regulatory capacity to increase its MBS portfolio.
In addition to MBS, the Bank is also permitted under applicable policies and regulations to purchase certain other types of highly rated, long-term, non-MBS investments (including but not limited to the non-MBS debt obligations of other GSEs, subject to certain limits). Subject to applicable regulatory limits and the constraints imposed by the Finance Agency's guidance regarding core mission achievement, the Bank may add these types of securities to its long-term investment portfolio if attractive opportunities to do so are available.
Gross unrealized losses on the Bank’s MBS investments declined from $4.9 million at December 31, 2017 to $4.5 million at September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, $3.5 million of the gross unrealized losses related to the Bank’s holdings of GSE CMBS, $0.8 million related to non-agency RMBS and $0.2 million related to GSE RMBS. At September 30, 2018, gross unrealized losses associated with the Bank's non-MBS investments totaled $2.4 million.
The Bank evaluates all outstanding held-to-maturity and available-for-sale investment securities in an unrealized loss position as of the end of each calendar quarter for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). An investment security is impaired if the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost. For a summary of the Bank’s OTTI evaluation, see “Item 1. Financial Statements” (specifically, Notes 4 and 5 beginning on pages 11 and 13, respectively, of this report).
The deterioration in the U.S. housing markets that occurred primarily during the period from 2007 through 2011, as reflected during that period by declines in the values of residential real estate and higher levels of delinquencies, defaults and losses on residential mortgages, including the mortgages underlying the Bank’s non-agency RMBS, generally increased the risk that the Bank may not ultimately recover the entire cost bases of some of its non-agency RMBS. However, based upon its analysis of the securities in this portfolio, the Bank believes that the unrealized losses as of September 30, 2018 were principally the result of liquidity risk related discounts in the non-agency RMBS market and do not accurately reflect the currently likely future credit performance of the securities.
All but one of the Bank’s non-agency RMBS are rated by one or more of the following NRSROs: Moody’s, S&P and/or Fitch. The following table presents the credit ratings assigned to the Bank’s non-agency RMBS holdings as of September 30, 2018. The credit ratings presented in the table represent the lowest rating assigned to the security by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch.

NON-AGENCY RMBS CREDIT RATINGS
(dollars in thousands)

Credit Rating
 
Number of Securities
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Amortized Cost
 
Carrying Value
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Unrealized Losses
Single-A
 
1

 
$
4,649

 
$
4,649

 
$
4,649

 
$
4,683

 
$

Triple-B
 
3

 
10,348

 
10,348

 
10,348

 
10,357

 
4

Single-B
 
5

 
16,191

 
16,065

 
14,220

 
15,729

 
405

Triple-C
 
12

 
55,918

 
48,619

 
39,133

 
53,063

 
384

Not Rated
 
1

 
86

 
86

 
86

 
82

 
4

Total
 
22

 
$
87,192

 
$
79,767

 
$
68,436

 
$
83,914

 
$
797

At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s portfolio of non-agency RMBS was comprised of 3 securities with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $9 million that are backed by first lien fixed-rate loans and 19 securities with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $78 million that are backed by first lien option adjustable-rate mortgage (“option ARM”) loans. In comparison, as of December 31, 2017, the Bank’s portfolio of non-agency RMBS was comprised of 4 securities backed by fixed-rate loans that had an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $12 million and 19 securities backed by option ARM loans that had an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $91 million. One of the Bank's non-agency RMBS was paid in full during the three months ended September 30, 2018. A summary of the Bank’s non-agency RMBS as of December 31, 2017 by classification by the originator

55


at the time of issuance and collateral type is presented in the 2017 10-K; there were no material changes to this information during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
To assess whether the entire amortized cost bases of its non-agency RMBS are likely to be recovered, the Bank performed a cash flow analysis for each of its non-agency RMBS holdings as of September 30, 2018 under a base case (or best estimate) scenario. The procedures used in this analysis, together with the results thereof, are summarized in “Item 1. Financial Statements” (specifically, Note 5 beginning on page 13 of this report).
Since 2009, the Bank has recorded credit impairments totaling $13.1 million on 15 of its non-agency RMBS. The vast majority of these credit impairments were recorded in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Through September 30, 2018, the Bank has amortized $0.7 million of the time value associated with these credit losses. Through this same date, actual principal shortfalls on these securities have totaled $2.1 million and the Bank has recognized recoveries (i.e., increases in cash flows expected to be collected) totaling $4.4 million. Based on the cash flow analyses performed as of September 30, 2018, the Bank currently expects to recover in future periods an additional $6.8 million of the previously recorded losses. These anticipated recoveries will be accreted as interest income over the remaining lives of the applicable securities in the same manner as the recoveries that have been recorded through September 30, 2018.
In addition to evaluating its non-agency RMBS under a best estimate scenario, the Bank also performed a cash flow analysis for each of these securities as of September 30, 2018 under a more stressful housing price scenario. This more stressful scenario was based on a housing price forecast that assumed home price changes for the 12-month period beginning July 1, 2018 were 5 percentage points lower than the base case scenario followed by home price changes that are 33 percent lower than those used in the base case scenario. None of the Bank’s non-agency RMBS would have been deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired under the more stressful housing price scenario.
While substantially all of the Bank's RMBS portfolio is comprised of collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs") with variable-rate coupons ($1.5 billion par value at September 30, 2018) that do not expose it to interest rate risk if interest rates rise moderately, these securities include caps that would limit increases in the variable-rate coupons if short-term interest rates rise above the caps. In addition, if interest rates rise, prepayments on the mortgage loans underlying the securities would likely decline, thus lengthening the time that the securities would remain outstanding with their coupon rates capped. As of September 30, 2018, one-month LIBOR was 2.26 percent and the effective interest rate caps on one-month LIBOR (the interest cap rate minus the stated spread on the coupon) embedded in the CMO floaters ranged from 5.95 percent to 10.73 percent. The largest concentration of embedded effective caps ($1.2 billion) was between 6.00 percent and 6.50 percent. As of September 30, 2018, one-month LIBOR rates were 369 basis points below the lowest effective interest rate cap embedded in the CMO floaters. To hedge a portion of the potential cap risk embedded in these securities, the Bank held $1.0 billion of interest rate caps with remaining maturities ranging from 5 months to 35 months as of September 30, 2018, and strike rates of 6.50 percent. If three-month LIBOR rises above 6.5 percent, the Bank will be entitled to receive interest payments according to the terms and conditions of such agreements. These payments would be based upon the notional amounts of those agreements and the difference between 6.50 percent and three-month LIBOR.
The following table provides a summary of the notional amounts and expiration periods of the Bank’s portfolio of stand-alone CMO-related interest rate cap agreements as of September 30, 2018.
SUMMARY OF CMO-RELATED INTEREST RATE CAP AGREEMENTS
(dollars in millions)

Expiration
 
Notional Amount
First quarter 2019
 
$
250

Third quarter 2021 (1)
 
750

 
 
$
1,000

 
 
 
(1)  The notional balance of this cap declines by $250 million in August 2019 and again in August 2020, to $500 million and $250 million, respectively.

Mortgage Loans Held For Portfolio
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, mortgage loans held for portfolio (net of allowance for credit losses) were $1.795 billion and $878 million, respectively, representing approximately 2.4 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively, of the Bank’s total assets at each of those dates. Through the MPF program, the Bank currently invests in only conventional residential mortgage loans originated by its Participating Financial Institutions ("PFIs"). During the period from 1998 to

56


mid-2003, the Bank purchased conventional mortgage loans and government-guaranteed/insured mortgage loans (i.e., those insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs). The Bank resumed acquiring conventional mortgage loans under this program in early 2016. Approximately $1.736 billion of the $1.753 billion (unpaid principal balance) of mortgage loans on the Bank's balance sheet at September 30, 2018 were conventional loans, the vast majority of which were acquired since 2016. The remaining $17 million (unpaid principal balance) of the mortgage loan portfolio is comprised of government-guaranteed or government-insured loans that were acquired during the period from 1998 to mid-2003.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank acquired mortgage loans totaling $985 million ($967 million unpaid principal balance). During the first, second and third quarters of 2018, the Bank acquired mortgage loans totaling $157 million, $317 million and $493 million (unpaid principal balances), respectively. All of the acquired mortgage loans were originated by certain of the Bank's PFIs and the Bank acquired a 100 percent interest in such loans.
The Bank manages the liquidity, interest rate and prepayment risk of these loans, while the PFIs or their designees retain the servicing activities. The Bank and the PFIs share in the credit risk of the loans with the Bank assuming the first loss obligation limited by the First Loss Account (“FLA”), and the PFIs assuming credit losses in excess of the FLA, up to the amount of the required credit enhancement obligation ("CE Obligation") as specified in the master agreement (“Second Loss Credit Enhancement”). The FLA is a memo account that is used to track the Bank's exposure to losses until the CE Obligation is available to cover losses. The CE Obligation is the amount of credit enhancement needed for a master commitment to have an estimated rating that is equivalent to an investment grade rated MBS. Credit enhancement levels are set by the Bank using an NRSRO model and are currently set at a triple-B equivalent. The Bank assumes all losses in excess of the Second Loss Credit Enhancement.
Under the Finance Agency’s Acquired Member Asset regulation (12 C.F.R. part 1268) (“AMA Regulation”), any portion of the CE Obligation that is a PFI’s direct liability must be collateralized by the PFI in the same way that advances are collateralized. Accordingly, the PFI Agreement provides that the PFI’s obligations under the PFI Agreement are secured along with other obligations of the PFI under its regular advances agreement with the Bank and, further, that the Bank may request additional collateral to secure the PFI’s obligations. PFIs are paid credit enhancement fees (“CE fees”) as compensation for retaining a portion of the credit risk on the loans sold to the Bank, as an incentive to minimize credit losses on those loans, to share in the risk of loss on MPF loans and, in limited cases related to loans acquired prior to 2016, to pay for supplemental mortgage insurance, rather than paying a guaranty fee to other secondary market purchasers. CE fees are paid monthly and are determined based on the remaining unpaid principal balance of the MPF loans during the applicable month. CE fees are recorded as a reduction to mortgage loan interest income when paid by the Bank. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, mortgage loan interest income was reduced by CE fees totaling $362,000 and $102,000, respectively. Mortgage loan interest income was reduced by CE fees totaling $885,000 and $174,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Bank's allowance for loan losses, which factors in the CE obligation, was $382,000 and $271,000 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Over time, the Bank intends to increase the balance of its mortgage loan portfolio to an amount that approximates 10 percent of its total assets. For the foreseeable future, the Bank intends to acquire a 100 percent interest in the mortgage loans that it purchases from its PFIs.



57


Consolidated Obligations and Deposits
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank’s outstanding consolidated obligation bonds (at par value) increased by $3.2 billion and its outstanding consolidated obligation discount notes increased by $1.5 billion. The following table presents the composition of the Bank’s outstanding bonds at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
COMPOSITION OF CONSOLIDATED OBLIGATION BONDS OUTSTANDING
(par value, dollars in millions)
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Balance
 
Percentage
of Total
 
Balance
 
Percentage
of Total
Variable-rate
$
14,010

 
40.4
%
 
$
15,295

 
48.5
%
Fixed-rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-callable
10,137

 
29.2

 
9,934

 
31.5

Callable
4,252

 
12.2

 
2,747

 
8.7

Step-up
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Callable
6,008

 
17.3

 
3,379

 
10.7

Non-callable
75

 
0.2

 

 

Callable step-down
250

 
0.7

 
175

 
0.6

Total par value
$
34,732

 
100.0
%
 
$
31,530

 
100.0
%

During the first nine months of 2018, the Bank issued $17.4 billion of consolidated obligation bonds and approximately $104.6 billion of consolidated obligation discount notes (excluding those with overnight terms), the proceeds of which were used primarily to fund the growth in the Bank's assets and to replace maturing consolidated obligation bonds and discount notes. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, discount notes comprised approximately 50 percent and 51 percent, respectively, of the Bank's total outstanding consolidated obligations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank's bond issuance (based on par value) consisted of approximately $9.6 billion of variable-rate bonds, $3.1 billion of fixed-rate non-callable bonds (most of which were swapped), and $4.7 billion of swapped fixed-rate callable bonds (including step-up bonds).

The weighted average cost of swapped and variable-rate consolidated obligation bonds issued by the Bank approximated LIBOR minus 24 basis points during the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to LIBOR minus 19 basis points during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and LIBOR minus 20 basis points during the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The cost of the Bank's discount notes increased during the first nine months of 2018 as a result of anticipated and then actual increases in the target federal funds rate.

Demand and term deposits were $1.016 billion and $844 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The size of the Bank’s deposit base varies as market factors change, including the attractiveness of the Bank’s deposit pricing relative to the rates available to members on alternative money market investments, members’ investment preferences with respect to the maturity of their investments, and member liquidity.
Capital
The Bank’s outstanding capital stock (excluding mandatorily redeemable capital stock) was $2.6 billion and $2.3 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Bank’s average outstanding capital stock (excluding mandatorily redeemable capital stock) increased from $2.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $2.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $6.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Although mandatorily redeemable capital stock is excluded from capital (equity) for financial reporting purposes, it is considered capital for regulatory purposes.
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank’s five largest shareholders collectively held $644 million and $482 million, respectively, of capital stock, which represented 24.6 percent and 20.7 percent, respectively, of the Bank’s total outstanding capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock) as of those dates. The following table presents the Bank’s five largest shareholders as of September 30, 2018.


58


FIVE LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
(par value, dollars in thousands)
Name
 
Par Value of Capital Stock
 
Percent of Total Par Value of Capital Stock
Comerica Bank
 
$
162,800

 
6.2
%
Texas Capital Bank, N.A.
 
138,200

 
5.3

American General Life Insurance Company
 
137,996

 
5.3

Iberiabank
 
102,508

 
3.9

Hancock Whitney Bank
 
102,013

 
3.9

 
 
$
643,517

 
24.6
%
As of September 30, 2018, all of the stock held by the five institutions shown in the table above was classified as capital in the statement of condition.
The following table presents outstanding capital stock, by type of institution, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
CAPITAL STOCK OUTSTANDING BY INSTITUTION TYPE
(par value, dollars in millions)
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Par Value of Capital Stock
 
Percent of Total Par Value of Capital Stock
 
Par Value of Capital Stock
 
Percent of Total Par Value of Capital Stock
Commercial banks
$
1,769

 
67
%
 
$
1,608

 
69
%
Credit unions
302

 
12

 
332

 
14

Insurance companies
302

 
12

 
179

 
8

Savings institutions
235

 
9

 
198

 
9

Community Development Financial Institutions
1

 

 
1

 

Total capital stock classified as capital
2,609

 
100

 
2,318

 
100

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
7

 

 
6

 

Total regulatory capital stock
$
2,616

 
100
%
 
$
2,324

 
100
%
Members are required to maintain an investment in Class B Stock equal to the sum of a membership investment requirement and an activity-based investment requirement. The membership investment requirement is currently 0.04 percent of each member’s total assets as of the previous calendar year-end, subject to a minimum of $1,000 and a maximum of $7,000,000. The activity-based investment requirement is currently 4.1 percent of outstanding advances, except for advances that were funded under the Bank's special reduced stock advances offering that ran from October 21, 2015 through December 31, 2015. The activity-based investment requirement for those advances was (and continues to be) 2.0 percent of the outstanding advances. At September 30, 2018, these advances totaled approximately $1.2 billion. Class B-1 Stock is used to meet the membership investment requirement and Class B-2 Stock is used to meet the activity-based investment requirement.
Quarterly, the Bank generally repurchases a portion of members’ excess capital stock. Excess capital stock is defined as the amount of stock held by a member (or former member) in excess of that institution’s minimum investment requirement. The portion of members’ excess capital stock subject to repurchase is known as surplus stock. For the repurchases that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, surplus stock was defined as the amount of stock held by a member shareholder in excess of 125 percent of the shareholder’s minimum investment requirement. For those repurchases, which occurred on March 27, 2018, June 26, 2018 and September 24, 2018, a shareholder's surplus stock was not repurchased if: (1) the amount of that shareholder's surplus stock was $2,500,000 or less; (2) the shareholder elected to opt-out of the repurchase; or (3) the shareholder was on restricted collateral status (subject to certain exceptions). On March 27, 2018, June 26, 2018 and September 24, 2018, the Bank repurchased surplus stock totaling $233.7 million, $99.3 million and $223.8 million, respectively, none of which was classified as mandatorily redeemable capital stock at those dates.

59


On March 27, 2018, June 26, 2018 and September 24, 2018, the Bank also repurchased all excess stock held by non-member shareholders as of those dates. This excess stock, all of which was classified as mandatorily redeemable capital stock at those dates, totaled $5.4 million, $22,000 and $20,000, respectively.
At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s excess stock totaled $580.8 million, which represented 0.79 percent of the Bank’s total assets as of that date.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank’s retained earnings increased by $100 million, from $942 million to $1.042 billion. During this same period, the Bank paid dividends on capital stock totaling $40.8 million, which represented a weighted average annualized dividend rate of 2.29 percent. The Bank’s first quarter dividends on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock were paid at annualized rates of 1.33 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the fourth quarter of 2017) and 2.33 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the fourth quarter of 2017 plus 1.0 percent), respectively. The first quarter dividends, which were applied to average Class B-1 Stock and average Class B-2 Stock held during the period from October 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017, were paid on March 28, 2018. The Bank's second quarter dividends on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock were paid at annualized rates of 1.65 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the first quarter of 2018) and 2.65 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the first quarter of 2018 plus 1.0 percent), respectively. The second quarter dividends, which were applied to average Class B-1 Stock and average Class B-2 Stock held during the period from January 1, 2018 through March 31, 2018, were paid on June 27, 2018. The Bank's third quarter dividends on Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock were paid at annualized rates of 1.97 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the second quarter of 2018) and 2.97 percent (a rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the second quarter of 2018 plus 1.0 percent), respectively. The third quarter dividends, which were applied to average Class B-1 Stock and average Class B-2 Stock held during the period from April 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018, were paid on September 25, 2018.
While there can be no assurances, taking into consideration its current earnings expectations and anticipated market conditions, the Bank currently expects to pay quarterly dividends on Class B-1 Stock during the fourth quarter of 2018 at an annualized rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the third quarter of 2018. Further, the Bank currently expects to pay quarterly dividends on Class B-2 Stock during the fourth quarter of 2018 at an annualized rate equal to average one-month LIBOR for the third quarter of 2018 plus 1.0 percent.
The Bank is required to maintain at all times permanent capital in an amount at least equal to its risk-based capital requirement, which is the sum of its credit risk capital requirement, its market risk capital requirement, and its operations risk capital requirement, as further described in the 2017 10-K. Permanent capital is defined under the Finance Agency’s rules as retained earnings and amounts paid in for Class B stock (which for the Bank includes both Class B-1 Stock and Class B-2 Stock), regardless of its classification as equity or liabilities for financial reporting purposes. At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s total risk-based capital requirement was $1.044 billion, comprised of credit risk, market risk and operations risk capital requirements of $465 million, $338 million and $241 million, respectively, and its permanent capital was $3.657 billion.
In addition to the risk-based capital requirement, the Bank is subject to two other capital requirements. First, the Bank must, at all times, maintain a minimum total capital-to-assets ratio of 4.0 percent. For this purpose, total capital is defined by Finance Agency rules and regulations as the Bank’s permanent capital and the amount of any general allowance for losses (i.e., those reserves that are not held against specific assets). Second, the Bank is required to maintain at all times a minimum leverage capital-to-assets ratio in an amount at least equal to 5.0 percent of its total assets. In applying this requirement to the Bank, leverage capital includes the Bank’s permanent capital multiplied by a factor of 1.5 plus the amount of any general allowance for losses. The Bank did not have any general allowance for losses at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017. Under the regulatory definitions, total capital and permanent capital exclude accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). At all times during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank was in compliance with all of its regulatory capital requirements. At September 30, 2018, the Bank's total capital-to-assets and leverage capital-to-assets ratios were 4.96 percent and 7.44 percent, respectively. For a summary of the Bank’s compliance with the Finance Agency’s capital requirements as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, see “Item 1. Financial Statements” (specifically, Note 13 on page 33 of this report).

60



Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Bank enters into interest rate swap, swaption, cap, floor and forward rate agreements (collectively, interest rate exchange agreements) to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates and/or to adjust the effective maturity, repricing index and/or frequency or option characteristics of financial instruments. This use of derivatives is integral to the Bank’s financial management strategy, and the impact of these interest rate exchange agreements permeates the Bank’s financial statements. For additional discussion, see “Item 1. Financial Statements” (specifically, Note 12 beginning on page 26 of this report).
The following table provides the notional balances of the Bank’s derivative instruments, by balance sheet category and accounting designation, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
COMPOSITION OF DERIVATIVES BY BALANCE SHEET CATEGORY AND ACCOUNTING DESIGNATION
(in millions)
 
Fair Value Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shortcut
Method
 
Long-Haul
Method
 
Cash Flow Hedges
 
Economic
Hedges
 
Total
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
$
6,077

 
$
553

 
$

 
$
8

 
$
6,638

Investments

 
15,935

 

 
1,753

 
17,688

Mortgage loans held for portfolio

 

 

 
221

 
221

Consolidated obligation bonds

 
18,769

 

 

 
18,769

Consolidated obligation discount notes

 

 
728

 

 
728

Intermediary positions

 

 

 
859

 
859

Other

 

 

 
425

 
425

Total notional balance
$
6,077

 
$
35,257

 
$
728

 
$
3,266

 
$
45,328

December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
$
4,338

 
$
720

 
$

 
$
8

 
$
5,066

Investments

 
14,282

 

 
1,203

 
15,485

Mortgage loans held for portfolio

 

 

 
20

 
20

Consolidated obligation bonds

 
14,374

 

 

 
14,374

Consolidated obligation discount notes

 

 
505

 

 
505

Intermediary positions

 

 

 
2,419

 
2,419

Other

 

 

 
324

 
324

Total notional balance
$
4,338

 
$
29,376

 
$
505

 
$
3,974

 
$
38,193



61


The following table presents the earnings impact of derivatives and hedging activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

NET EARNINGS IMPACT OF DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
(in millions)
 
Advances
 
Investments
 
Consolidated
Obligation
Bonds
 
Consolidated
Obligation
Discount Notes
 
Balance Sheet and Other
 
Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization/accretion of hedging activities in net interest income (1)
$
(1
)
 
$
10

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
8

Net interest settlements included in net interest income (2)
6

 
2

 
(15
)
 
1

 

 
(6
)
Net gain (loss) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains on fair value hedges

 
1

 
1

 

 

 
2

Net losses on economic hedges

 

 

 

 
(5
)
 
(5
)
Price alignment amount

 

 

 

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities

 
1

 
1

 

 
(7
)
 
(5
)
Net impact of derivatives and hedging activities
$
5

 
$
13

 
$
(15
)
 
$
1

 
$
(7
)
 
$
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization/accretion of hedging activities in net interest income (1)
$

 
$
16

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
15

Net interest settlements included in net interest income (2)
(7
)
 
(40
)
 
10

 
(1
)
 

 
(38
)
Net gain (loss) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net losses on fair value hedges

 

 
(2
)
 

 

 
(2
)
Net gains on economic hedges

 

 

 

 
1

 
1

Price alignment amount

 

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities

 

 
(2
)
 

 
2

 

Net impact of derivatives and hedging activities
$
(7
)
 
$
(24
)
 
$
7

 
$
(1
)
 
$
2

 
$
(23
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization/accretion of hedging activities in net interest income (1)
$
(2
)
 
$
31

 
$
(2
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
27

Net interest settlements included in net interest income (2)
8

 
(24
)
 
(25
)
 
1

 

 
(40
)
Net gain (loss) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) on fair value hedges

 
21

 
(5
)
 

 

 
16

Net losses on economic hedges

 

 

 

 
(16
)
 
(16
)
Price alignment amount

 

 

 

 
(6
)
 
(6
)
Total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities

 
21

 
(5
)
 

 
(22
)
 
(6
)
Net impact of derivatives and hedging activities
$
6

 
$
28

 
$
(32
)
 
$
1

 
$
(22
)
 
$
(19
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization/accretion of hedging activities in net interest income (1)
$

 
$
49

 
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
46

Net interest settlements included in net interest income (2)
(28
)
 
(132
)
 
35

 
(2
)
 

 
(127
)
Net gain (loss) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net losses on fair value hedges

 
(6
)
 

 

 

 
(6
)
Net gains on economic hedges

 

 

 

 
10

 
10

Net interest settlements on economic hedges

 

 

 

 
1

 
1

Price alignment amount

 

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities

 
(6
)
 

 

 
12

 
6

Net impact of derivatives and hedging activities
$
(28
)
 
$
(89
)
 
$
32

 
$
(2
)
 
$
12

 
$
(75
)
_____________________________
(1) 
Represents the amortization/accretion of hedging fair value adjustments for both open and closed hedge positions.
(2) 
Represents interest income/expense on derivatives included in net interest income.

62


As a result of statutory and regulatory requirements emanating from the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"), certain derivative transactions that the Bank enters into are required to be cleared through a third-party central clearinghouse. As of September 30, 2018, the Bank had cleared trades outstanding with notional amounts totaling $28.2 billion. Cleared trades are subject to initial and variation margin requirements established by the clearinghouse and its clearing members. Collateral (or variation margin on daily settled derivative contracts) is typically delivered/paid (or returned/received) daily and, unlike bilateral derivatives, is not subject to any maximum unsecured credit exposure thresholds. The fair values of all interest rate derivatives (including accrued interest receivables and payables) with each clearing member of each clearinghouse are offset for purposes of measuring credit exposure and determining initial and variation margin requirements. With cleared transactions, the Bank is exposed to credit risk in the event that the clearinghouse or the clearing member fails to meet its obligations to the Bank. The Bank has determined that the exercise by a non-defaulting party of the setoff rights incorporated in its cleared derivative transactions should be upheld in the event of a default, including a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding involving the clearinghouse or any of its clearing members or both.
The Bank has transacted some of its interest rate exchange agreements bilaterally with large financial institutions (with which it has in place master agreements). In doing so, the Bank has generally exchanged a defined market risk for the risk that the counterparty will not be able to fulfill its obligations in the future. The Bank manages this credit risk by spreading its transactions among as many highly rated counterparties as is practicable, by entering into master agreements with each of its non-member bilateral counterparties that include maximum unsecured credit exposure thresholds ranging from $100,000 to $500,000, and by monitoring its exposure to each counterparty on a daily basis. In addition, all of the Bank’s master agreements with its bilateral counterparties include netting arrangements whereby the fair values of all interest rate derivatives (including accrued interest receivables and payables) with each counterparty are offset for purposes of measuring credit exposure. As of September 30, 2018, the notional balances of outstanding interest rate exchange agreements transacted with non-member bilateral counterparties totaled $16.6 billion.
Under the Bank’s master agreements with its non-member bilateral counterparties, the unsecured credit exposure thresholds must be met before collateral is required to be delivered by one party to the other party. Once the counterparties agree to the valuations of the interest rate exchange agreements, and if it is determined that the unsecured credit exposure exceeds the threshold, then, upon a request made by the unsecured counterparty, the party that has the unsecured obligation to the counterparty bearing the risk of the unsecured credit exposure generally must deliver sufficient collateral (or return a sufficient amount of previously remitted collateral) to reduce the unsecured credit exposure to zero (or, in the case of pledged securities, to an amount equal to the discount applied to the securities under the terms of the master agreement). Collateral is delivered (or returned) daily when these thresholds are met. The master agreements with the Bank's non-member bilateral counterparties require the delivery of collateral consisting of cash or very liquid, highly rated securities (generally consisting of U.S. government-guaranteed or agency debt securities) if credit risk exposures rise above the thresholds.
The notional amount of interest rate exchange agreements does not reflect the Bank’s credit risk exposure, which is much less than the notional amount. The Bank's net credit risk exposure is based on the current estimated cost, on a present value basis, of replacing at current market rates all interest rate exchange agreements with individual counterparties, if those counterparties were to default, after taking into account the value of any cash and/or securities collateral held or remitted by the Bank. For counterparties with which the Bank is in a net gain position, the Bank has credit exposure when the collateral it is holding (if any) has a value less than the amount of the gain. For counterparties with which the Bank is in a net loss position, the Bank has credit exposure when it has delivered collateral with a value greater than the amount of the loss position.

63


The following table provides information regarding the Bank’s derivative counterparty credit exposure as of September 30, 2018.
DERIVATIVES COUNTERPARTY CREDIT EXPOSURE
(dollars in millions)
Credit Rating(1)
 
Number of Bilateral Counterparties
 
Notional Principal(2)
 
Net Derivatives Fair Value Before Collateral
 
Cash Collateral Pledged To (From) Counterparty
 
Other Collateral Pledged To Counterparty
 
Net Credit Exposure
Non-member counterparties
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset positions with credit exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cleared derivatives (3)
 

 
$
10,526.2

 
$
0.7

 
$

 
$
34.1

 
$
34.8

Liability positions with credit exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Double-A 
 
1

 
210.0

 
(2.1
)
 
2.2

 

 
0.1

Single-A (4)
 
7

 
4,934.0

 
(62.9
)
 
63.6

 

 
0.7

Triple-B
 
3

 
2,301.1

 
(11.4
)
 
11.9

 

 
0.5

Cleared derivatives (5)
 

 
17,715.1

 
(7.2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
685.0

 
677.7

Total derivative positions with non-member counterparties to which the Bank had credit exposure
 
11

 
35,686.4

 
(82.9
)
 
77.6

 
719.1

 
713.8

Asset positions without credit exposure
 
1

 
560.0

 
1.3

 
(1.5
)
 

 

Liability positions without credit exposure (4)
 
7

 
8,621.4

 
(138.8
)
 
133.8

 

 

Total non-member counterparties
 
19

 
44,867.8

 
(220.4
)
 
$
209.9

 
$
719.1

 
$
713.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Member institutions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate exchange agreements (6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset positions
 
4

 
96.3

 
2.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability positions
 
5

 
333.5

 
(5.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage delivery commitments
 

 
30.6

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total member institutions
 
9

 
460.4

 
(3.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
28

 
$
45,328.2

 
$
(224.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________________
(1) 
Credit ratings shown in the table reflect the lowest rating from Moody’s, S&P or Fitch and are as of September 30, 2018.
(2) 
Includes amounts that had not settled as of September 30, 2018.
(3) 
This clearinghouse counterparty is rated double-A.
(4) 
The figures for the liability positions with credit exposure for the single-A rated counterparties included transactions with an entity that is affiliated with a non-member shareholder of the Bank. Transactions with that counterparty had an aggregate notional principal of $433 million and a credit exposure of $287,000 as of September 30, 2018. The figures for the liability positions without credit exposure included transactions with a counterparty that is affiliated with the same non-member shareholder of the Bank and transactions with another counterparty that is affiliated with a member institution. Transactions with those counterparties had an aggregate notional principal of $1.4 billion as of September 30, 2018.
(5) 
This clearinghouse counterparty is rated single-A.
(6) 
This product offering and the collateral provisions associated therewith are discussed in the paragraph below.
The Bank offers interest rate swaps, caps and floors to its members to assist them in meeting their risk management objectives. In derivative transactions with its members, the Bank acts as an intermediary by entering into an interest rate exchange agreement with the member and then entering into an offsetting interest rate exchange agreement with one of the Bank’s non-member derivative counterparties discussed above. When entering into interest rate exchange agreements with its members, the Bank requires the member to post eligible collateral in an amount equal to the sum of the net market value of the member’s derivative transactions with the Bank (if the value is positive to the Bank) plus a percentage of the notional amount of any interest rate swaps, with market values determined on at least a monthly basis. Eligible collateral for derivative transactions consists of collateral that is eligible to secure advances and other obligations under the member’s Advances and Security Agreement with the Bank.
The Dodd-Frank Act changed the regulatory framework for derivative transactions that are not subject to mandatory clearing requirements (uncleared trades). While the Bank expects to be able in certain instances to continue to enter into uncleared trades

64


on a bilateral basis, those transactions will be subject to new regulatory requirements, including minimum initial margin requirements imposed by regulators. For additional discussion, see Item 1 - Business - Legislative and Regulatory Developments in the 2017 10-K.
Market Value of Equity
The ratio of the Bank’s estimated market value of equity to its book value of equity was approximately 101 percent and 102 percent at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. For additional discussion, see “Part I / Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk — Interest Rate Risk.”

Results of Operations
Net Income
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $50.1 million and $40.0 million, respectively. The Bank’s net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 represented an annualized return on average capital stock (“ROCS”) of 7.53 percent. In comparison, the Bank’s ROCS was 7.12 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $140.6 million and $118.9 million, respectively. The Bank’s net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 represented an annualized return on average capital stock of 7.47 percent. In comparison, the Bank’s ROCS was 7.56 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. To derive the Bank’s ROCS, net income is divided by average capital stock outstanding excluding stock that is classified as mandatorily redeemable capital stock. The factors contributing to the changes in the Bank's net income are discussed below.
Income Before Assessments
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Bank’s income before assessments was $55.6 million and $44.5 million, respectively. As discussed in more detail below, the $11.1 million increase in income before assessments from period to period was attributable to a $18.4 million increase in net interest income and a $0.7 million decrease in other expense, offset by a $8.0 million negative swing in other income (loss). During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Bank’s income before assessments was $156.3 million and $132.1 million, respectively. As discussed in more detail below, the $24.2 million increase in income before assessments from period to period was attributable to a $48.3 million increase in net interest income, offset by a $21.7 million decrease in other income and a $2.4 million increase in other expense. The components of income before assessments (net interest income, other income/loss and other expense) are discussed in more detail in the following sections.
Net Interest Income
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank’s net interest income (after provision for mortgage loan losses) was $80.9 million and $225.0 million, respectively, compared to net interest income of $62.5 million and $176.7 million, respectively, for the comparable periods in 2017. The increase in net interest income for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2017 was due primarily to an increase in the average balances of the Bank's interest-earning assets and an increase in the impact of the Bank's non-interest bearing funds. The Bank's average balance of interest-earning assets increased from $64.0 billion and $59.7 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, to $71.9 billion and $67.3 billion, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2018.
For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Bank’s net interest margin was 45 basis points and 39 basis points, respectively. The Bank’s net interest margin was 45 basis points and 40 basis points, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Net interest margin, or net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets, is a function of net interest spread and the rates of return on assets funded by the investment of the Bank’s capital. Net interest spread is the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The Bank’s net interest spread was 33 basis points and 32 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Bank’s net interest spread was 33 basis points and 34 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The contribution of earnings from the Bank’s invested capital to the net interest margin (the impact of non-interest bearing funds) was 12 basis points during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to 7 basis points and 6 basis points during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The increase in the impact of non-interest bearing funds is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates between the comparable periods, as well as an increase in the average balance of earning assets funded by the Bank's capital.

65


The following table presents average balance sheet amounts together with the total dollar amounts of interest income and expense and the weighted average interest rates of major earning asset categories and the funding sources for those earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
YIELD AND SPREAD ANALYSIS
(dollars in millions)
 
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate(1)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate(1)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits (2)
$
1,226

 
$
6

 
2.01
%
 
$
257

 
$
1

 
1.08
%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
3,859

 
20

 
2.01
%
 
653

 
2

 
1.19
%
Federal funds sold
4,628

 
23

 
1.98
%
 
8,673

 
26

 
1.18
%
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading
1,162

 
6

 
2.19
%
 
115

 

 
2.03
%
 Available-for-sale (3)
15,155

 
113

 
2.97
%
 
14,562

 
64

 
1.76
%
Held-to-maturity (3)
1,712

 
12

 
2.74
%
 
2,132

 
10

 
1.79
%
Advances (4)
42,561

 
236

 
2.22
%
 
37,169

 
124

 
1.33
%
Mortgage loans held for portfolio
1,555

 
15

 
3.82
%
 
480

 
4

 
3.75
%
Total earning assets
71,858

 
431

 
2.40
%
 
64,041

 
231

 
1.44
%
Cash and due from banks
40

 
 
 
 
 
35

 
 
 
 
Other assets
198

 
 
 
 
 
194

 
 
 
 
Derivatives netting adjustment (2)
(203
)
 
 
 
 
 
(260
)
 
 
 
 
Fair value adjustment on available-for-sale securities (3)
229

 
 
 
 
 
134

 
 
 
 
Adjustment for net non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairments on held-to-maturity securities (3)
(12
)
 
 
 
 
 
(15
)
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
72,110

 
431

 
2.39
%
 
$
64,129

 
231

 
1.44
%
Liabilities and Capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits (2)
$
839

 
4

 
1.87
%
 
$
951

 
3

 
1.03
%
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds
32,563

 
177

 
2.18
%
 
29,462

 
88

 
1.20
%
Discount notes
34,105

 
169

 
1.98
%
 
29,895

 
78

 
1.04
%
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock and other borrowings
3

 

 
2.91
%
 
28

 

 
1.23
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
67,510

 
350

 
2.07
%
 
60,336

 
169

 
1.12
%
Other liabilities
871

 
 
 
 
 
767

 
 
 
 
Derivatives netting adjustment (2)
(203
)
 
 
 
 
 
(260
)
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
68,178

 
350

 
2.05
%
 
60,843

 
169

 
1.11
%
Total capital
3,932

 
 
 
 
 
3,286

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and capital
$
72,110

 
 
 
1.94
%
 
$
64,129

 
 
 
1.05
%
Net interest income
 
 
$
81

 
 
 
 
 
$
62

 
 
Net interest margin
 
 
 
 
0.45
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.39
%
Net interest spread
 
 
 
 
0.33
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.32
%
Impact of non-interest bearing funds
 
 
 
 
0.12
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.07
%

66


_____________________________
(1) 
Percentages are annualized figures. Amounts used to calculate average rates are based on whole dollars. Accordingly, recalculations based upon the disclosed amounts (millions) may not produce the same results.
(2) 
The Bank offsets the fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral against the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments transacted under a master netting agreement or other similar arrangement. The average balances of interest-bearing deposit assets for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 in the table above include $203 million and $256 million, respectively, which are classified as derivative assets/liabilities on the statements of condition. In addition, the average balance of interest-bearing deposit liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 in the table above includes $0.3 million and $3 million which are classified as derivative assets/liabilities on the statements of condition.
(3) 
Average balances for available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are calculated based upon amortized cost.
(4) 
Interest income and average rates include net prepayment fees on advances.


67


The following table presents average balance sheet amounts together with the total dollar amounts of interest income and expense and the weighted average interest rates of major earning asset categories and the funding sources for those earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
YIELD AND SPREAD ANALYSIS
(dollars in millions)
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate(1)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Rate(1)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits (2)
$
546

 
$
8

 
1.94
%
 
$
244

 
$
2

 
0.90
%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
3,066

 
43

 
1.85
%
 
455

 
4

 
1.08
%
Federal funds sold
5,500

 
69

 
1.69
%
 
7,690

 
56

 
0.97
%
Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading
590

 
9

 
2.15
%
 
113

 
1

 
2.03
%
 Available-for-sale (3)
14,711

 
297

 
2.69
%
 
13,913

 
170

 
1.63
%
Held-to-maturity (3)
1,823

 
34

 
2.46
%
 
2,318

 
27

 
1.57
%
Advances (4)
39,870

 
593

 
1.98
%
 
34,701

 
296

 
1.14
%
Mortgage loans held for portfolio
1,217

 
34

 
3.72
%
 
295

 
8

 
3.82
%
Total earning assets
67,323

 
1,087

 
2.15
%
 
59,729

 
564

 
1.26
%
Cash and due from banks
39

 
 
 
 
 
34

 
 
 
 
Other assets
168

 
 
 
 
 
208

 
 
 
 
Derivatives netting adjustment (2)
(224
)
 
 
 
 
 
(281
)
 
 
 
 
Fair value adjustment on available-for-sale securities (3)
243

 
 
 
 
 
109

 
 
 
 
Adjustment for net non-credit portion of other-than-temporary impairments on held-to-maturity securities (3)
(12
)
 
 
 
 
 
(16
)
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
67,537

 
1,087

 
2.15
%
 
$
59,783

 
564

 
1.26
%
Liabilities and Capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits (2)
$
871

 
11

 
1.62
%
 
$
1,111

 
7

 
0.82
%
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds
32,534

 
467

 
1.91
%
 
29,752

 
227

 
1.02
%
Discount notes
29,884

 
384

 
1.71
%
 
25,476

 
154

 
0.81
%
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock and other borrowings
10

 

 
1.72
%
 
27

 

 
0.96
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
63,299

 
862

 
1.82
%
 
56,366

 
388

 
0.92
%
Other liabilities
680

 
 
 
 
 
599

 
 
 
 
Derivatives netting adjustment (2)
(224
)
 
 
 
 
 
(281
)
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
63,755

 
862

 
1.80
%
 
56,684

 
388

 
0.91
%
Total capital
3,782

 
 
 
 
 
3,099

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and capital
$
67,537

 
 
 
1.70
%
 
$
59,783

 
 
 
0.86
%
Net interest income
 
 
$
225

 
 
 
 
 
$
176

 
 
Net interest margin
 
 
 
 
0.45
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.40
%
Net interest spread
 
 
 
 
0.33
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.34
%
Impact of non-interest bearing funds
 
 
 
 
0.12
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.06
%

68


_____________________________
(1) 
Percentages are annualized figures. Amounts used to calculate average rates are based on whole dollars. Accordingly, recalculations based upon the disclosed amounts (millions) may not produce the same results.
(2) 
The Bank offsets the fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral against the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments transacted under a master netting agreement or other similar arrangement. The average balances of interest-bearing deposit assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 in the table above include $201 million and $243 million, respectively, which are classified as derivative assets/liabilities on the statements of condition. In addition, the average balances of interest-bearing deposit liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 in the table above include $23 million and $37 million, respectively, which are classified as derivative assets/liabilities on the statements of condition.
(3) 
Average balances for available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities are calculated based upon amortized cost.
(4) 
Interest income and average rates include net prepayment fees on advances.
Changes in both volume (i.e., average balances) and interest rates influence changes in net interest income and net interest margin. The following table summarizes changes in interest income and interest expense between the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Changes in interest income and interest expense that cannot be attributed to either volume or rate have been allocated to the volume and rate categories based upon the proportion of the absolute value of the volume and rate changes.
RATE AND VOLUME ANALYSIS
(in millions)
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2018 vs. 2017
 
September 30, 2018 vs. 2017
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
4

 
$
1

 
$
5

 
$
3

 
$
3

 
$
6

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
15

 
3

 
18

 
35

 
4

 
39

Federal funds sold
(15
)
 
12

 
(3
)
 
(19
)
 
32

 
13

Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading
6

 

 
6

 
8

 

 
8

Available-for-sale
3

 
46

 
49

 
10

 
117

 
127

Held-to-maturity
(2
)
 
4

 
2

 
(6
)
 
13

 
7

Advances
20

 
92

 
112

 
50

 
247

 
297

Mortgage loans held for portfolio
11

 

 
11

 
26

 

 
26

Total interest income
42

 
158

 
200

 
107

 
416

 
523

Interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
(1
)
 
2

 
1

 
(1
)
 
5

 
4

Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds
10

 
79

 
89

 
23

 
217

 
240

Discount notes
12

 
79

 
91

 
30

 
200

 
230

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock and other borrowings

 

 

 

 

 

Total interest expense
21

 
160

 
181

 
52

 
422

 
474

Changes in net interest income
$
21

 
$
(2
)
 
$
19

 
$
55

 
$
(6
)
 
$
49


69


Other Income (Loss)
The following table presents the various components of other income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
OTHER INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net interest income (expense) associated with:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Economic hedge derivatives related to consolidated obligation bonds
$
160

 
$

 
$
170

 
$

Member/offsetting derivatives
74

 
118

 
305

 
288

Economic hedge derivatives related to advances
15

 
1

 
42

 
2

Economic hedge derivatives related to trading securities
(311
)
 

 
(424
)
 

Economic hedge derivatives related to available-for-sale securities
(1
)
 
(4
)
 
(4
)
 
(11
)
Economic hedge derivatives related to consolidated obligation discount notes

 

 

 
(503
)
Economic hedge derivatives related to mortgage loans held for portfolio
(73
)
 

 
(58
)
 

Interest rate basis swaps

 

 

 
385

Other stand-alone economic hedge derivatives
(513
)
 
245

 
(803
)
 
1,120

Total net interest income (expense) associated with economic hedge derivatives
(649
)
 
360

 
(772
)
 
1,281

Gains (losses) related to economic hedge derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances
(15
)
 
(1
)
 
(11
)
 
(3
)
Available-for-sale securities
34

 
2

 
145

 
(18
)
Trading securities
617

 

 
650

 

Mortgage loans held for portfolio
120

 
178

 
(105
)
 
178

Consolidated obligation bonds
(160
)
 
29

 
(171
)
 
29

Consolidated obligation discount notes

 

 

 
310

Interest rate basis swaps

 

 

 
186

Other stand-alone economic hedge derivatives
(4,502
)
 
439

 
(15,940
)
 
3,987

Interest rate swaptions related to mortgage loans held for portfolio
124

 

 
(1
)
 

Mortgage delivery commitments
437

 
794

 
937

 
2,257

Interest rate caps related to held-to-maturity securities
(4
)
 
(13
)
 
4

 
(247
)
Member/offsetting swaps, caps and floors
(22
)
 
(102
)
 
(157
)
 
3,493

Total fair value gains (losses) related to economic hedge derivatives
(3,371
)
 
1,326

 
(14,649
)
 
10,172

Price alignment amount on daily settled derivative contracts
(2,740
)
 
220

 
(6,494
)
 
521

Gains (losses) related to fair value hedge ineffectiveness
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advances and associated hedges
(25
)
 
67

 
170

 
239

Available-for-sale securities and associated hedges
1,061

 
(199
)
 
21,100

 
(6,488
)
Consolidated obligation bonds and associated hedges
151

 
(1,429
)
 
(5,452
)
 
249

Total fair value hedge ineffectiveness
1,187

 
(1,561
)
 
15,818

 
(6,000
)
Total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
(5,573
)
 
345

 
(6,097
)
 
5,974

Net gains (losses) on trading securities
(1,583
)
 
296

 
(4,473
)
 
2,344

Net gains on other assets carried at fair value
312

 

 
527

 

Gains on sales of held-to-maturity securities
1,065

 
2,093

 
1,065

 
3,983

Gains on sales of available-for-sale securities

 

 

 
1,837

Service fees
571

 
592

 
1,695

 
1,745

Letter of credit fees
2,440

 
2,061

 
6,851

 
5,454

Other, net
265

 
76

 
628

 
573

Total other
3,070

 
5,118

 
6,293

 
15,936

Total other income (loss)
$
(2,503
)
 
$
5,463

 
$
196

 
$
21,910



70


Fair Value Hedge Ineffectiveness
The Bank uses interest rate swaps to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of some of its advances and consolidated obligation bonds and, currently, all of its available-for-sale securities. These hedging relationships are designated as fair value hedges. To the extent these relationships qualify for hedge accounting, changes in the fair values of both the derivative (the interest rate swap) and the hedged item (limited to changes attributable to the hedged risk) are recorded in earnings. For those relationships that qualified for hedge accounting, the differences between the change in fair value of the hedged items and the change in fair value of the associated interest rate swaps (representing hedge ineffectiveness) were net gains (losses) of $1.2 million and $(1.6) million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $15.8 million and $(6.0) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. A significant portion of the increase in fair value hedge ineffectiveness for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was related to the Bank's available-for-sale securities portfolio and that portion of the increase was due primarily to the comparably higher variability in long-term interest rates during the early part of 2018. To the extent that the Bank's fair value hedging relationships do not qualify for hedge accounting, or cease to qualify because they are determined to be ineffective, only the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in earnings (in this case, there is no offsetting change in fair value of the hedged item). For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the net gains (losses) on derivatives associated with specific advances, available-for-sale securities and consolidated obligation bonds that did not qualify for hedge accounting, or ceased to qualify because they were determined to be ineffective, totaled $(141,000) and $30,000, respectively. The net gains (losses) on derivatives associated with specific advances, available-for-sale securities and consolidated obligation bonds that were not in qualifying hedging relationships totaled $(37,000) and $8,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The addition of higher yielding, longer duration fixed-rate GSE CMBS and GSE debentures to the Bank’s available-for-sale securities portfolio since 2014 (all of which have been hedged with fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps in long-haul hedging relationships) has generally increased its exposure to periodic earnings variability in the form of fair value hedge ineffectiveness. The hedge ineffectiveness gains and losses associated with these particular relationships are attributable in large part to the use of different discount curves to value the interest rate swaps (OIS) and the GSE CMBS/GSE debentures (LIBOR plus a constant spread). Notwithstanding the hedge ineffectiveness gains and losses, these hedging relationships have been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair values attributable to the hedged risk. While the ineffectiveness-related gains and losses associated with these hedging relationships can be significant when evaluated in the context of the Bank’s net income, they are relatively small when expressed as a percentage of the values of the positions. Because the Bank expects to hold these interest rate swaps to maturity, the unrealized ineffectiveness-related gains (or losses) associated with its holdings of GSE CMBS and GSE debentures are expected to be transitory, meaning that they will reverse in future periods in the form of ineffectiveness-related losses (or gains).
Economic Hedge Derivatives
Notwithstanding the transitory nature of the ineffectiveness-related gains and losses associated with the Bank's available-for-sale securities portfolio (discussed above), the Bank has entered into several derivative transactions in an effort to mitigate a portion of the periodic earnings variability that can result from those fair value hedging relationships. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the gains (losses) associated with stand-alone economic hedge derivatives used for this purpose were $(4.5) million and $0.4 million, respectively. The gains (losses) associated with stand-alone economic hedge derivatives used for this purpose were $(15.9) million and $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
From time to time, the Bank has entered into interest rate basis swaps to reduce its exposure to changing spreads between one-month and three-month LIBOR. Under these agreements, the Bank generally either receives three-month LIBOR and pays one-month LIBOR or receives one-month LIBOR and pays three-month LIBOR. The Bank accounts for interest rate basis swaps as stand-alone derivatives and, as such, the fair value changes associated with these instruments can be a source of volatility in the Bank’s earnings, particularly when one-month and/or three-month LIBOR, or the spreads between these two indices, are or are projected to be volatile. The fair values of one-month LIBOR to three-month LIBOR basis swaps generally fluctuate based on the timing of the interest rate reset dates, the relationship between one-month LIBOR and three-month LIBOR at the time of measurement, the projected relationship between one-month LIBOR and three-month LIBOR for the remaining term of the interest rate basis swap, the projected overnight index swap rates over the remaining term of the interest rate basis swap and the relationship between the current coupons for the interest rate swap and the prevailing LIBOR rates at the valuation date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Bank was a party to one interest rate basis swap with a notional amount of $1.0 billion. This swap agreement expired in May 2017. The Bank was not a party to any interest rate basis swaps during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
As discussed previously in the section entitled “Financial Condition — Long-Term Investments,” to hedge a portion of the risk associated with a significant increase in short-term interest rates, the Bank held, as of September 30, 2018, two interest rate cap agreements having a total notional amount of $1.0 billion. The premiums paid for these caps totaled $3.1 million. The fair

71


values of interest rate cap agreements are dependent upon the level of interest rates, volatilities and remaining term to maturity. In general (assuming constant volatilities and no erosion in value attributable to the passage of time), interest rate caps will increase in value as market interest rates rise and will diminish in value as market interest rates decline. The value of interest rate caps will increase as volatilities increase and will decline as volatilities decrease. Absent changes in volatilities or interest rates, the value of interest rate caps will decline with the passage of time. As stand-alone derivatives, the changes in the fair values of the Bank’s interest rate cap agreements are recorded in earnings with no offsetting changes in the fair values of the hedged CMO LIBOR floaters with embedded caps and therefore can also be a source of volatility in the Bank’s earnings. At September 30, 2018, the carrying values of the Bank’s stand-alone interest rate cap agreements totaled $9,000.
From time to time, the Bank hedges the risk of changes in the fair value of some of its longer-term consolidated obligation discount notes using fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps. As stand-alone derivatives, the changes in the fair values of the Bank’s discount note swaps are recorded in earnings with no offsetting changes in the fair values of the hedged items (i.e., the consolidated obligation discount notes) and therefore can also be a source of volatility in the Bank’s earnings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank did not have any outstanding discount note swaps that were used for this purpose.
As discussed previously in the section entitled “Financial Condition — Derivatives and Hedging Activities," the Bank offers interest rate swaps, caps and floors to its members to assist them in meeting their risk management objectives. In derivative transactions with its members, the Bank acts as an intermediary by entering into an interest rate exchange agreement with the member and then entering into an offsetting interest rate exchange agreement with one of the Bank’s non-member derivative counterparties. The net change in the fair values of derivatives transacted with members and the offsetting derivatives was $(22,000) and $(102,000) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(157,000) and $3,493,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Price Alignment Amount

Effective January 3, 2017, one of the Bank's two clearinghouse counterparties made certain amendments to its rulebook that changed the legal characterization of variation margin payments on cleared derivatives to settlements on the contracts. Effective January 16, 2018, the Bank's other clearinghouse counterparty made similar amendments to its rulebook. Prior to the dates upon which these amendments became effective, the variation margin payments were in each case characterized as collateral pledged to secure outstanding credit exposure on the derivative contracts. The Bank receives or pays a price alignment amount on the cumulative variation margin payments associated with these contracts. The price alignment amount approximates the amount of interest the Bank would have received or paid had the variation margin payments continued to be characterized as collateral.
Other
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Bank sold approximately $42 million (par value) and $163 million (par value), respectively, of GSE RMBS classified as held-to-maturity securities. The aggregate gains recognized on these sales totaled $1.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively. For each of these securities, the Bank had previously collected at least 85 percent of the principal outstanding at the time of acquisition. As such, the sales were considered maturities for purposes of security classification. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Bank also sold approximately $260 million (par value) of shorter maturity GSE debentures classified as available-for-sale. The aggregate gains recognized on these sales totaled $1.8 million. There were no other sales of long-term investment securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.
During 2017 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank held a fixed-rate U.S. Treasury Note with a par value of $104.8 million that was classified as trading. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank acquired U.S. Treasury Bills with an aggregate par value of $700 million and U.S. Treasury Notes with an aggregate par value of $750 million, all of which are classified as trading securities. Due to fluctuations in interest rates, the aggregate unrealized gains (losses) on the U.S. Treasury Notes and U.S. Treasury Bills were $(1.6) million and $(0.1) million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(4.5) million and $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Letter of credit fees totaled $2.4 million and $6.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $2.1 million and $5.5 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2017. The increase in letter of credit fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2017, was due to an increase in the amount of letters of credit outstanding. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, outstanding letters of credit totaled $17.2 billion and $14.4 billion, respectively.

72


Other Expense
Total other expense, which includes the Bank’s compensation and benefits, other operating expenses, discretionary grants and donations, derivative clearing fees and its proportionate share of the costs of operating the Finance Agency and the Office of Finance, totaled $22.8 million and $69.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $23.5 million and $66.5 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2017.
Compensation and benefits were $12.5 million and $36.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $12.6 million and $38.7 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2017. The decrease in compensation and benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the corresponding period in 2017, was due largely to decreases in employee medical costs and employee separation costs. The Bank's average headcount was 200 employees and 209 employees for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At September 30, 2018, the Bank employed 200 people, a decrease of 5 employees from December 31, 2017.
Other operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $7.6 million and $23.7 million, respectively, compared to $6.6 million and $18.4 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in 2017. The increase in other operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2017, resulted primarily from increased usage of independent contractors to support various information technology initiatives in the Bank and higher legal fees.
Discretionary grants and donations were $0.4 million and $2.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $2.1 million and $3.3 million for the corresponding periods in 2017. The decrease in discretionary grants and donations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2017, was due largely to the timing of grants and donations that were made to support recovery efforts in the areas impacted by Hurricane Harvey. In early September 2017, the Bank announced that it would make $6.7 million in funds available for special disaster relief grants for members' employees and small businesses affected by the hurricane, as well as community-based organizations that were involved in recovery efforts. At the same time, the Bank also announced that it would provide $0.8 million in donations to a number of organizations to assist with disaster relief efforts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank disbursed hurricane-related grants and donations totaling $0 and $1.0 million, respectively, as compared to $1.8 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (the other funds were disbursed in the fourth quarter of 2017). In addition, in the first quarter of 2017, the Bank awarded $0.4 million in special disaster relief grants for victims of the 2016 Louisiana floods.
Derivative clearing fees were $0.3 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and $0.9 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
The Bank, together with the other FHLBanks, is assessed for the costs of operating the Finance Agency and the Office of Finance. The Bank’s share of these expenses totaled approximately $2.0 million and $5.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, as compared to $1.9 million and $5.2 million for the corresponding periods in 2017.
AHP Assessments
While the Bank is exempt from all federal, state and local income taxes, it is obligated to set aside amounts for its Affordable Housing Program (“AHP”).
As required by statute, each year the Bank contributes 10 percent of its earnings (as adjusted for interest expense on mandatorily redeemable capital stock) to its AHP. The AHP provides grants that members can use to support affordable housing projects in their communities. Generally, the Bank’s AHP assessment is derived by adding interest expense on mandatorily redeemable capital stock to income before assessments; the result of this calculation is then multiplied by 10 percent. The Bank’s AHP assessments totaled $5.6 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $15.6 million and $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
A discussion of the Bank’s critical accounting policies and the extent to which management uses judgment and estimates in applying those policies is provided in the 2017 10-K. There were no substantive changes to the Bank’s critical accounting policies, or the extent to which management uses judgment and estimates in applying those policies, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
In order to meet members’ credit needs and the Bank’s financial obligations, the Bank maintains a portfolio of money market instruments typically consisting of overnight federal funds, overnight reverse repurchase agreements and, beginning in the third quarter of 2018, overnight interest-bearing deposits. From time to time, the Bank may also invest in short-term commercial paper, U.S. Treasury Bills, U.S. Treasury Notes and GSE discount notes. Beyond those amounts that are required to meet members’ credit needs and its own obligations, the Bank typically holds additional balances of short-term investments that fluctuate as the Bank invests the proceeds of debt issued to replace maturing and called liabilities, as the balance of deposits changes, as the returns provided by short-term investments vary relative to the costs of the Bank’s discount notes, and as the level of liquidity needed to satisfy Finance Agency requirements changes. At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s short-term liquidity portfolio was comprised of $4.8 billion of overnight federal funds sold, $4.2 billion of overnight reverse repurchase agreements, $1.8 billion of overnight interest-bearing deposits, $0.7 billion of U.S. Treasury Bills and $0.7 billion of U.S. Treasury Notes with short remaining terms to maturity.
The Bank’s primary source of funds is the proceeds it receives from the issuance of consolidated obligation bonds and discount notes in the capital markets. Historically, the FHLBanks have issued debt throughout the business day in the form of discount notes and bonds with a wide variety of maturities and structures. Generally, the Bank has access to the capital markets as needed during the business day to acquire funds to meet its needs.
In addition to the liquidity provided from the proceeds of the issuance of consolidated obligations, the Bank also maintains access to wholesale funding sources such as federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (e.g., borrowings secured by its investments in MBS and/or agency debentures). Furthermore, the Bank has access to borrowings (typically short-term) from the other FHLBanks.
The 11 FHLBanks and the Office of Finance are parties to the Federal Home Loan Banks P&I Funding and Contingency Plan Agreement, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2017 (the “Contingency Agreement”). The Contingency Agreement and related procedures are designed to facilitate the timely funding of principal and interest payments on FHLBank System consolidated obligations in the event that a FHLBank is not able to meet its funding obligations in a timely manner. The Contingency Agreement and related procedures provide for the issuance of overnight consolidated obligations ("Plan COs") directly to one or more FHLBanks that provide funds to avoid a shortfall in the timely payment of principal and interest on any consolidated obligations for which another FHLBank is the primary obligor. The direct placement by a FHLBank of consolidated obligations with another FHLBank is permitted only in those instances when direct placement of consolidated obligations is necessary to ensure that sufficient funds are available to timely pay all principal and interest on FHLBank System consolidated obligations due on a particular day. Through the date of this report, no Plan COs have ever been issued pursuant to the terms of the Contingency Agreement.
On occasion, and as an alternative to issuing new debt, the Bank may assume the outstanding consolidated obligations for which other FHLBanks are the original primary obligors. This occurs in cases where the original primary obligor may have participated in a large consolidated obligation issue to an extent that exceeded its immediate funding needs in order to facilitate better market execution for the issue. The original primary obligor might then warehouse the funds until they were needed, or make the funds available to other FHLBanks. Transfers may also occur when the original primary obligor’s funding needs change, and that FHLBank offers to transfer debt that is no longer needed to other FHLBanks. Transferred debt is typically fixed-rate, fixed-term, non-callable debt, and may be in the form of discount notes or bonds.
The Bank participates in such transfers of funding from other FHLBanks when the transfer represents favorable pricing relative to a new issue of consolidated obligations with similar features. The Bank did not assume any consolidated obligations from other FHLBanks during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.
The Bank manages its liquidity to ensure that, at a minimum, it has sufficient funds to meet operational and contingent liquidity requirements. When measuring its liquidity for these purposes, the Bank includes only contractual cash flows and the amount of funds it estimates would be available in the event the Bank were to use securities held in its long-term investment portfolio as collateral for repurchase agreements. While it believes purchased federal funds might be available as a source of funds, it does not include this potential source of funds in its calculations of available liquidity.
The Bank’s operational liquidity requirement stipulates that it have sufficient funds to meet its obligations due on any given day plus an amount equal to the statistically estimated (at the 99-percent confidence level) cash and credit needs of its members and associates for one business day during a stress period of elevated advances demand without accessing the capital markets for the sale of consolidated obligations. As of September 30, 2018, the Bank’s estimated operational liquidity requirement was $7.3 billion. At that date, the Bank estimated that its operational liquidity exceeded this requirement by approximately $19.3 billion.

74


The Bank’s contingent liquidity requirement further requires that it maintain adequate balance sheet liquidity and access to other funding sources should it be unable to issue consolidated obligations for five business days during a stress period of elevated advances demand. The combination of funds available from these sources must be sufficient for the Bank to meet its obligations as they come due and the cash and credit needs of its members, with the potential needs of members statistically estimated at the 99-percent confidence level. As of September 30, 2018, the Bank’s estimated contingent liquidity requirement was $10.1 billion. At that date, the Bank estimated that its contingent liquidity exceeded this requirement by approximately $18.1 billion.
In addition to the liquidity measures described above, the Bank is required, pursuant to guidance issued by the Finance Agency, to meet two daily liquidity standards, each of which assumes that the Bank is unable to access the market for consolidated obligations during a prescribed period. The first standard requires the Bank to maintain sufficient funds to meet its obligations for 15 days under a scenario in which it is assumed that members do not renew any maturing, prepaid or called advances. The second standard requires the Bank to maintain sufficient funds to meet its obligations for 5 days under a scenario in which it is assumed that members renew all maturing and called advances, with certain exceptions for very large, highly rated members. These requirements are more stringent than the 5-day contingent liquidity requirement discussed above. The Bank was in compliance with both of these liquidity requirements at all times during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The Bank’s access to the capital markets has never been interrupted to an extent that the Bank’s ability to meet its obligations was compromised and the Bank does not currently believe that its ability to issue consolidated obligations will be impeded to that extent in the future. If, however, the Bank were unable to issue consolidated obligations for an extended period of time, the Bank would eventually exhaust the availability of purchased federal funds (including borrowings from other FHLBanks) and repurchase agreements as sources of funds. It is also possible that an event (such as a natural disaster) that might impede the Bank’s ability to raise funds by issuing consolidated obligations would also limit the Bank’s ability to access the markets for federal funds purchased and/or repurchase agreements.
Under those circumstances, to the extent that the balance of principal and interest that came due on the Bank’s debt obligations and the funds needed to pay its operating expenses exceeded the cash inflows from its interest-earning assets and proceeds from maturing assets, and if access to the market for consolidated obligations was not again available, the Bank would seek to access funding under the Contingency Agreement to repay any principal and interest due on its consolidated obligations. However, if the Bank were unable to raise funds by issuing consolidated obligations, it is likely that the other FHLBanks would have similar difficulties issuing debt. If funds were not available under the Contingency Agreement, the Bank’s ability to conduct its operations would be compromised even earlier than if this funding source was available.
A summary of the Bank’s contractual cash obligations and off-balance-sheet lending-related financial commitments by due date or remaining maturity as of December 31, 2017 is provided in the 2017 10-K. There have been no material changes in the Bank’s contractual obligations outside the normal course of business during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
For a discussion of recently issued accounting guidance, see “Item 1. Financial Statements” (specifically, Note 2 beginning on page 7 of this report).

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The following quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk should be read in conjunction with the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk that are included in the 2017 10-K. The information provided in this item is intended to update the disclosures made in the 2017 10-K.
As a financial intermediary, the Bank is subject to interest rate risk. Changes in the level of interest rates, the slope of the interest rate yield curve, and/or the relationships (or spreads) between interest yields for different instruments have an impact on the Bank’s estimated market value of equity and its earnings. This risk arises from a variety of instruments that the Bank enters into on a regular basis in the normal course of its business.
The terms of member advances, investment securities, and consolidated obligations may present interest rate risk and/or embedded option risk. As discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the Bank makes extensive use of interest rate derivative instruments, primarily interest rate swaps and caps, to manage the risk arising from these sources.
The Bank has investments in residential mortgage-related assets, primarily CMOs and MPF mortgage loans, both of which present prepayment risk. This risk arises from the mortgagors’ option to prepay their mortgages, making the effective maturities of these mortgage-based assets relatively more sensitive to changes in interest rates and other factors that affect the mortgagors’ decisions to repay their mortgages as compared to other long-term investment securities that do not have prepayment features. A decline in interest rates generally accelerates mortgage refinancing activity, thus increasing prepayments and thereby

75


shortening the effective maturity of the mortgage-related assets. Conversely, rising rates generally slow prepayment activity and lengthen a mortgage-related asset’s effective maturity.
The Bank has managed the potential prepayment risk embedded in mortgage assets by purchasing floating rate securities, by purchasing securities that maintain their original principal balance for a fixed number of years, by purchasing highly structured tranches of mortgage securities that substantially limit the effects of prepayment risk, by issuing a combination of callable and non-callable debt with varying maturities, and/or by using interest rate derivative instruments to offset prepayment risk specific both to particular securities and to the overall mortgage portfolio.
The Bank’s Enterprise Market Risk Management Policy provides a risk management framework for the financial management of the Bank consistent with the strategic principles outlined in its Strategic Business Plan. The Bank develops its funding and hedging strategies to manage its interest rate risk within the risk limits established in its Enterprise Market Risk Management Policy.
The Enterprise Market Risk Management Policy articulates the Bank’s tolerance for the amount of overall interest rate risk the Bank will assume by limiting the maximum estimated loss in market value of equity that the Bank would incur under simulated 200 basis point changes in interest rates to 15 percent of the estimated base case market value. As reflected in the table below, the Bank was in compliance with this limit at each month-end during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
As part of its ongoing risk management process, the Bank calculates an estimated market value of equity for a base case interest rate scenario and for interest rate scenarios that reflect parallel interest rate shocks. The base case market value of equity is calculated by determining the estimated fair value of each instrument on the Bank’s balance sheet, and subtracting the estimated aggregate fair value of the Bank’s liabilities from the estimated aggregate fair value of the Bank’s assets. For purposes of these calculations, mandatorily redeemable capital stock is treated as equity rather than as a liability. The fair values of the Bank’s financial instruments (both assets and liabilities) are determined using either vendor prices or a pricing model. For those instruments for which a pricing model is used, the calculations are based upon parameters derived from market conditions existing at the time of measurement, and are generally determined by discounting estimated future cash flows at the replacement (or similar) rate for new instruments of the same type with the same or very similar characteristics. The market value of equity calculations include non-financial assets and liabilities, such as premises and equipment, other assets, payables for AHP, and other liabilities at their recorded carrying amounts.
For purposes of compliance with the Bank’s Enterprise Market Risk Management Policy limit on estimated losses in market value, market value of equity losses are defined as the estimated net sensitivity of the value of the Bank’s equity (the net value of its portfolio of assets, liabilities and interest rate derivatives) to 200 basis point parallel shifts in interest rates.

76


The following table provides the Bank’s estimated base case market value of equity and its estimated market value of equity under up and down 200 basis point interest rate shock scenarios (and, for comparative purposes, its estimated market value of equity under up and down 100 basis point interest rate shock scenarios) for each month-end during the period from December 2017 through September 2018. In addition, the table provides the percentage change in estimated market value of equity under each of these shock scenarios for the indicated periods.
MARKET VALUE OF EQUITY
(dollars in billions)
 
 
 
Up 200 Basis Points(1)
 
Down 200 Basis Points(2)
 
Up 100 Basis Points(1)
 
Down 100 Basis Points(2)
 
Base Case
Market
Value of Equity
 
Estimated
Market
Value of Equity
 
Percentage
Change
from Base Case
 
Estimated
Market
Value of Equity
 
Percentage
Change
from Base Case
 
Estimated
Market
Value of Equity
 
Percentage
Change
from Base Case
 
Estimated
Market
Value of Equity
 
Percentage
Change
from Base Case
December 2017
$
3.566

 
$
3.533

 
(0.93
)%
 
$
3.597

 
0.87
 %
 
$
3.555

 
(0.31
)%
 
$
3.555

 
(0.31
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January 2018
3.671

 
3.596

 
(2.04
)%
 
3.736

 
1.77
 %
 
3.637

 
(0.93
)%
 
3.689

 
0.49
 %
February 2018
3.811

 
3.755

 
(1.47
)%
 
3.836

 
0.66
 %
 
3.788

 
(0.60
)%
 
3.817

 
0.16
 %
March 2018
3.655

 
3.592

 
(1.72
)%
 
3.654

 
(0.03
)%
 
3.631

 
(0.66
)%
 
3.653

 
(0.05
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April 2018
3.788

 
3.706

 
(2.16
)%
 
3.793

 
0.13
 %
 
3.753

 
(0.92
)%
 
3.796

 
0.21
 %
May 2018
3.867

 
3.799

 
(1.76
)%
 
3.856

 
(0.28
)%
 
3.840

 
(0.70
)%
 
3.866

 
(0.03
)%
June 2018
3.972

 
3.923

 
(1.23
)%
 
3.940

 
(0.81
)%
 
3.955

 
(0.43
)%
 
3.963

 
(0.23
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
July 2018
4.006

 
3.947

 
(1.47
)%
 
3.978

 
(0.70
)%
 
3.983

 
(0.57
)%
 
4.003

 
(0.07
)%
August 2018
4.023

 
3.950

 
(1.81
)%
 
3.975

 
(1.19
)%
 
3.995

 
(0.70
)%
 
4.015

 
(0.20
)%
September 2018
3.991

 
3.913

 
(1.95
)%
 
3.933

 
(1.45
)%
 
3.960

 
(0.78
)%
 
3.982

 
(0.23
)%
_____________________________
(1) 
In the up 100 and up 200 scenarios, the estimated market value of equity is calculated under assumed instantaneous +100 and +200 basis point parallel shifts in interest rates.
(2) 
In the down 100 and down 200 scenarios, the estimated market value of equity is calculated under assumed instantaneous -100 and -200 basis point parallel shifts in interest rates, subject to a floor of 0.01 percent.
A related measure of interest rate risk is duration of equity. Duration is the weighted average maturity (typically measured in months or years) of an instrument’s cash flows, weighted by the present value of those cash flows. As such, duration provides an estimate of an instrument’s sensitivity to small changes in market interest rates. The duration of assets is generally expressed as a positive figure, while the duration of liabilities is generally expressed as a negative number. The change in value of a specific instrument for given changes in interest rates will generally vary in inverse proportion to the instrument’s duration. As market interest rates decline, instruments with a positive duration are expected to increase in value, while instruments with a negative duration are expected to decrease in value. Conversely, as interest rates rise, instruments with a positive duration are expected to decline in value, while instruments with a negative duration are expected to increase in value.
The values of instruments having relatively longer (or higher) durations are more sensitive to a given interest rate movement than instruments having shorter durations; that is, risk increases as the absolute value of duration lengthens. For instance, the value of an instrument with a duration of three years will theoretically change by three percent for every one percentage point (100 basis point) change in interest rates, while the value of an instrument with a duration of five years will theoretically change by five percent for every one percentage point change in interest rates.
The duration of individual instruments may be easily combined to determine the duration of a portfolio of assets or liabilities by calculating a weighted average duration of the instruments in the portfolio. These combinations provide a single straightforward metric that describes the portfolio’s sensitivity to interest rate movements. These additive properties can be applied to the assets and liabilities on the Bank’s balance sheet. The difference between the combined durations of the Bank’s assets and the combined durations of its liabilities is sometimes referred to as duration gap and provides a measure of the relative interest rate sensitivities of the Bank’s assets and liabilities.
Duration gap is a useful measure of interest rate sensitivity but does not account for the effect of leverage, or the effect of the absolute duration of the Bank’s assets and liabilities, on the sensitivity of its estimated market value of equity to changes in interest rates. The inclusion of these factors results in a measure of the sensitivity of the value of the Bank’s equity to changes in market interest rates referred to as the duration of equity. Duration of equity is the market value weighted duration of assets minus the market value weighted duration of liabilities divided by the market value of equity.

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The significance of an entity’s duration of equity is that it can be used to describe the sensitivity of the entity’s market value of equity to movements in interest rates. A duration of equity equal to zero would mean, within a narrow range of interest rate movements, that the Bank had neutralized the impact of changes in interest rates on the market value of its equity.
A positive duration of equity would mean, within a narrow range of interest rate movements, that for each one year of duration the estimated market value of the Bank’s equity would be expected to decline by about 0.01 percent for every positive 0.01 percent change in the level of interest rates. A positive duration generally indicates that the value of the Bank’s assets is more sensitive to changes in interest rates than the value of its liabilities (i.e., that the duration of its assets is greater than the duration of its liabilities).
Conversely, a negative duration of equity would mean, within a narrow range of interest rate movements, that for each one year of negative duration the estimated market value of the Bank’s equity would be expected to increase by about 0.01 percent for every positive 0.01 percent change in the level of interest rates. A negative duration generally indicates that the value of the Bank’s liabilities is more sensitive to changes in interest rates than the value of its assets (i.e., that the duration of its liabilities is greater than the duration of its assets).
The following table provides information regarding the Bank’s base case duration of equity as well as its duration of equity in up and down 100 and 200 basis point interest rate shock scenarios for each month-end during the period from December 2017 through September 2018.
DURATION ANALYSIS
(expressed in years)
 
Base Case Interest Rates
 
Duration of Equity
 
Asset Duration
 
Liability Duration
 
Duration Gap
 
Duration of Equity
 
Up 100(1)
 
Up 200(1)
 
Down 100(2)
 
Down 200(2)
December 2017
0.25
 
(0.26)
 
(0.01)
 
0.01
 
0.49
 
0.75
 
(0.27)
 
0.71
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January 2018
0.29
 
(0.26)
 
0.03
 
0.77
 
1.04
 
1.24
 
0.28
 
0.73
February 2018
0.27
 
(0.26)
 
0.01
 
0.43
 
0.75
 
0.97
 
(0.02)
 
0.61
March 2018
0.28
 
(0.28)
 
 
0.35
 
0.90
 
1.17
 
(0.35)
 
0.16
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April 2018
0.31
 
(0.28)
 
0.03
 
0.64
 
1.11
 
1.38
 
(0.18)
 
0.22
May 2018
0.30
 
(0.29)
 
0.01
 
0.38
 
0.92
 
1.25
 
(0.34)
 
0.19
June 2018
0.28
 
(0.29)
 
(0.01)
 
0.18
 
0.64
 
0.93
 
(0.58)
 
(0.41)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
July 2018
0.31
 
(0.31)
 
 
0.32
 
0.76
 
1.04
 
(0.47)
 
(0.43)
August 2018
0.30
 
(0.30)
 
 
0.34
 
0.97
 
1.24
 
(0.67)
 
(1.03)
September 2018
0.31
 
(0.30)
 
0.01
 
0.37
 
1.06
 
1.31
 
(0.80)
 
(1.35)
_____________________________
(1) 
In the up 100 and up 200 scenarios, the duration of equity is calculated under assumed instantaneous +100 and +200 basis point parallel shifts in interest rates.
(2) 
In the down 100 and down 200 scenarios, the duration of equity is calculated under assumed instantaneous -100 and -200 basis point parallel shifts in interest rates.
Duration of equity measures the impact of a parallel shift in interest rates on an entity’s market value of equity but may not be a good metric for measuring changes in value related to non-parallel rate shifts. An alternative measure for that purpose uses key rate durations, which measure portfolio sensitivity to changes in interest rates at particular points on a yield curve. Key rate duration is a specialized form of duration. It is calculated by estimating the change in value due to changing the market rate for one specific maturity point on the yield curve while holding all other variables constant. The sum of the key rate durations across an applicable yield curve is approximately equal to the overall portfolio duration.
The duration of equity measure represents the expected percentage change in the Bank’s market value of equity for a one percentage point (100 basis point) parallel change in interest rates. The key rate duration measure represents the expected percentage change in the Bank’s market value of equity for a one percentage point (100 basis point) parallel change in interest rates for a given maturity point on the yield curve, holding all other rates constant. The Bank's key rate duration limit is 5 years, measured as the difference between the maximum and minimum key rate durations calculated for 11 defined individual maturity points on the yield curve. The Bank calculates these metrics monthly and was in compliance with these policy limits at each month-end during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Bank’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Bank’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Bank’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Bank’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in: (1) recording, processing, summarizing and reporting information required to be disclosed by the Bank in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Bank in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Bank’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 5. OTHER
On November 9, 2018, the Bank entered into revised indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers primarily to align the governing state law, to the extent it may be applicable, with the choice of law in the Bank’s Bylaws (Delaware). There were no other substantive changes to the indemnification agreements previously in effect.
The form of the indemnification agreements between the Bank and each of its executive officers is attached to this report as Exhibit 10.1. The form of the indemnification agreements between the Bank and each of its directors is attached to this report as Exhibit 10.2.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

10.1
 
 
 
 
10.2
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
101
 
The following materials from the Bank’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”): (i) Statements of Condition as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (ii) Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iii) Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iv) Statements of Capital for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (v) Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; and (vi) Notes to the Financial Statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.
 
 
 


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

November 13, 2018
By 
/s/ Tom Lewis
Date
 
Tom Lewis 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 
 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

10.1
 
 
 
 
10.2
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
101
 
The following materials from the Bank’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”): (i) Statements of Condition as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (ii) Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iii) Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iv) Statements of Capital for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (v) Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; and (vi) Notes to the Financial Statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.