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8-K - 8-K - TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPa8k_20180122.htm
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Exhibit 99.1
At the Company
 
 
 
Kim Hillyer
Jeff Goeser
Director, Communications
Director, Investor Relations
(402) 574-6523
(402) 597-8464
kim.hillyer@tdameritrade.com
jeffrey.goeser@tdameritrade.com

Investor Engagement and Scottrade Drive Strong First Quarter Results
Record Average Client Trades per Day of 726,000
Record Net New Client Assets of $26.5B
GAAP Diluted EPS $0.52; Non-GAAP Diluted EPS $0.80 (1) 

OMAHA, Neb., January 22, 2018 TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (Nasdaq: AMTD) has released results for the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company reported record client trading activity of approximately 726,000 client trades per day, on average, and gathered a record $26.5 billion in net new client assets for the quarter. These results further benefited from continued strong investor engagement and the Company’s acquisition of Scottrade. Clearing conversion is expected to be completed in the March quarter.

Financial results for the quarter ended Dec. 31, 2017 include the following:(2) 

Record net new client assets of approximately $26.5 billion, a growth rate of 9 percent
Record average client trades per day of approximately 726,000, up 49 percent year over year
Net revenues of $1.3 billion, 63 percent of which were asset-based
Client assets of approximately $1.2 trillion, up 48 percent year over year
$0.52 in GAAP earnings per diluted share, up 27 percent year over year, on net income of $297 million
$0.80 in Non-GAAP earnings per diluted share(1), up 86 percent year over year
Pre-tax income of $303 million, or 24 percent of net revenues
Interest rate-sensitive assets(3) of $156 billion, up 25 percent year over year

“We’re off to an outstanding start in 2018, with powerful momentum and financial strength continuing across all core metrics. Our enhanced competitive position and increased scale, thanks to our recent acquisition of Scottrade, is further accelerating our earnings power, which we expect to continue following the final clearing conversion,” said Tim Hockey, TD Ameritrade president and chief executive officer. “Trading was at record levels, and investor engagement has continued across all client segments as the market reached new highs. Enhanced consumer interest in blockchain and cannabis-related securities drove a further surge in engagement in the final weeks of the quarter, particularly among first-time investors. New account growth is at record levels, interest in our digital guidance solutions remains high, and use of our multiple mobile offerings continues to rise. Our fully-staffed service centers are busy, providing education to clients and arming them with the information they need to make informed investment decisions.”



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“While we remain focused on the experience we deliver to these clients, much more work lies ahead, starting with delivering a successful Scottrade integration – not just operationally, but culturally as well,” Hockey continued. "We are a company that wants to transform lives and investing for the better, and that purpose will shape our growth strategy for years to come, inspiring the actions we take to deliver long-term value for our clients, employees and shareholders. How we earn revenue, how we grow more agile and efficient, how we invest in employee development and innovation – it all ladders back to our shared commitment to drive transformational change, and we are motivated by the opportunities and potential that lies ahead.”

“It was an eventful quarter as major indices hit all-time highs, the Fed raised interest rates, and a sweeping tax overhaul was approved,” said Steve Boyle, executive vice president and chief financial officer. “These factors – paired with our first full quarter of Scottrade earnings – further boosted our growth, driving strong GAAP and Non-GAAP results for the quarter. Furthermore, with the new tax bill being signed into law before the end of the calendar year, we were able to realize additional significant benefits in the quarter, primarily due to a re-measurement of our deferred tax liability. There are a number of options before us in putting this incremental revenue to good use, and we plan to look at each of them, as well as our capital deployment plans, in greater detail once we’ve successfully completed the Scottrade clearing conversion.”
Capital Management
The Company paid $119 million in its first fiscal quarter, or $0.21 per share, in cash dividends.
The Company has declared a $0.21 per share quarterly cash dividend, payable on Feb. 20, 2018 to all holders of record of common stock as of Feb. 6, 2018.
Fiscal 2018 Outlook
The Company has also updated its outlook for the 2018 fiscal year to reflect the new U.S. tax legislation. Using updated tax rates, the company expects GAAP earnings of $1.85 to $2.45 per diluted share, and Non-GAAP earnings of $2.55 to $3.05 per diluted share
(1) for its 2018 fiscal year.
More information on the fiscal 2018 forecast is available through the Company’s Outlook Statement, located in the “Financial Reports section of its corporate website, www.amtd.com.
Company Hosts Conference Call
TD Ameritrade will host its December Quarter conference call tomorrow morning, Jan. 23, 2018, at 8:30 a.m. EST (7:30 a.m. CST) to discuss results and take questions from analysts. Participants may listen to the conference call by dialing 833-235-7646. Prepared remarks and an enhanced financial fact sheet containing associated details are now available on the “Financial Reports” page of www.amtd.com under the header “Investor Relations’ Highlights.” Conference call participants are encouraged to reference these materials prior to the call.

A replay of the phone call will be available by dialing 800-585-8367 and entering the Conference ID 4094307 beginning at 11:30 a.m. EST (10:30 a.m. CST) on Jan. 23, 2018. The replay will be available until 11:59 p.m. EST (10:59 p.m. CST) on Jan. 30, 2018. A transcript of the call, including management remarks and Q&A, will be available on the Company’s corporate web site, www.amtd.com, via the “Financial Reports” page beginning Wednesday, Jan. 24, 2018.

More information about TD Ameritrade’s upcoming corporate events and management speaking engagements, such as quarterly earnings conference calls, are available on the Company’s Corporate Event Calendar. Look for the link “Where are we?” on the “Investor Relations” page of www.amtd.com.


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Interested parties should visit or subscribe to newsfeeds at www.amtd.com for the most up-to-date information on corporate financial reports, press releases, SEC filings and events. The Company also communicates this information via Twitter, @TDAmeritradePR. Website links, corporate titles and telephone numbers provided in this release, although correct when published, may change in the future.

Source: TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation

About TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation
TD Ameritrade provides investing services
and education to more than 11 million client accounts totaling more than $1 trillion in assets, and custodial services to more than 6,000 registered investment advisors. We are a leader in U.S. retail trading, executing more than 700,000 trades per day for our clients, nearly a quarter of which come from mobile devices. We have a proud history of innovation, dating back to our start in 1975, and today our team of 10,000-strong is committed to carrying it forward. Together, we are leveraging the latest in cutting edge technologies and one-on-one client care to transform lives, and investing, for the better. Learn more by visiting TD Ameritrade’s newsroom at www.amtd.com, or read our stories at Fresh Accounts.

Safe Harbor
This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws. In particular, any projections regarding our future revenues, expenses, earnings, capital expenditures, effective tax rates, client trading activity, accounts, stock price or any projections or expectations regarding the acquisition of Scottrade Financial Services, Inc., as well as the assumptions on which such expectations are based, are forward-looking statements. These statements reflect only our current expectations and are not guarantees of future performance or results. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results or performance to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, but are not limited to: general economic and political conditions and other securities industry risks, fluctuations in interest rates, stock market fluctuations and changes in client trading activity, credit risk with clients and counterparties, increased competition, systems failures, delays and capacity constraints, network security risks, liquidity risks, new laws and regulations affecting our business, regulatory and legal matters, difficulties and delays in integrating the Scottrade business or fully realizing cost savings and other benefits from the acquisition; business disruption following the Scottrade acquisition, changes in asset quality and credit risk, the inability to sustain revenue and earnings growth, changes in interest rates and capital markets, inflation, customer borrowing, repayment, investment and deposit practices, customer disintermediation, the introduction, withdrawal, success and timing of business initiatives, competitive conditions, disruptions due to Scottrade integration-related uncertainty or other factors making it more difficult to maintain relationships with employees, customers, other business partners or governmental entities, the inability to realize synergies or to implement integration plans and other consequences associated with mergers, acquisitions and uncertainties and other risk factors described in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on Nov. 17, 2017, and in other filings with the SEC. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which the statements were made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by the federal securities laws.



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1 See attached reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures

2 Please see the Glossary of Terms, located in “Investor” section of www.amtd.com for more information on how these metrics are calculated.

3Interest rate-sensitive assets consist of spread-based assets and money market mutual funds. Ending balances as of December 31, 2017.

Brokerage services provided by TD Ameritrade, Inc., member FINRA (www.FINRA.org) /SIPC (www.SIPC.org).


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TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
In millions, except per share amounts
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter Ended
 
Dec. 31, 2017
 
Sept. 30, 2017
 
Dec. 31, 2016
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
   Transaction-based revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
      Commissions and transaction fees
$
440

 
$
330

 
$
355

      
   Asset-based revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
      Bank deposit account fees
381

 
307

 
245

      Net interest revenue
276

 
210

 
151

      Investment product fees
133

 
115

 
94

         Total asset-based revenues
790

 
632

 
490

   
   Other revenues
27

 
21

 
14

      Net revenues
1,257

 
983

 
859


Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
   Employee compensation and benefits
415

 
285

 
214

   Clearing and execution costs
47

 
37

 
36

   Communications
53

 
33

 
35

   Occupancy and equipment costs
80

 
49

 
44

   Depreciation and amortization
34

 
28

 
24

   Amortization of acquired intangible assets
38

 
22

 
19

   Professional services
74

 
82

 
53

   Advertising
64

 
59

 
57

   Other
116

 
27

 
24

      Total operating expenses
921

 
622

 
506

Operating income
336

 
361

 
353


Other expense:
 
 
 
 
 
   Interest on borrowings
20

 
23

 
14

   Loss on sale of investments
11

 

 

   Loss on early extinguishment of debt
2

 

 

      Total other expense
33

 
23

 
14

Pre-tax income
303

 
338

 
339

Provision for income taxes(1)
6

 
127

 
123

Net income
$
297

 
$
211

 
$
216


Earnings per share - basic
$
0.52

 
$
0.40

 
$
0.41

Earnings per share - diluted
$
0.52

 
$
0.39

 
$
0.41


Weighted average shares outstanding - basic
567

 
534

 
527

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted
569

 
536

 
530


Dividends declared per share
$
0.21

 
$
0.18

 
$
0.18

 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The provision for income taxes was lower during the December 2017 quarter due to the realization of approximately $78 million of after-tax benefits, primarily as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for which we recorded a provisional estimate for the remeasurement of our deferred income tax balances.


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TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In millions
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dec. 31, 2017
 
Sept. 30, 2017
Assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,644

 
$
1,472

 
Segregated cash and investments
10,136

 
10,446

 
Broker/dealer receivables
1,291

 
1,334

 
Client receivables, net
18,578

 
17,151

 
Investments available-for-sale, at fair value
99

 
746

 
Goodwill and intangible assets
5,629

 
5,683

 
Other
2,035

 
1,795

 
 
Total assets
$
39,412

 
$
38,627


Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Broker/dealer payables
$
3,064

 
$
2,504

 
Client payables
25,286

 
25,107

 
Long-term debt
2,531

 
2,555

 
Other
1,098

 
1,214

 
 
Total liabilities
31,979

 
31,380

Stockholders' equity
7,433

 
7,247

 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
39,412

 
$
38,627

 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE: The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include provisional estimates related to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Scottrade acquisition. These provisional estimates may be prospectively adjusted in the event new information becomes available regarding facts and circumstances which existed at the date of acquisition.



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TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
SELECTED OPERATING DATA
(Unaudited)

 
Quarter Ended
 
Dec. 31, 2017
 
Sept. 30, 2017
 
Dec. 31, 2016
Key Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
Net new assets (in billions)
$
26.5

 
$
19.9

 
$
18.7

Net new asset growth rate (annualized)
9
%
 
9
%
 
10
%
Average client trades per day
726,438

 
528,741

 
486,801

Profitability Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
Operating margin
26.7
%
 
36.7
%
 
41.1
%
Pre-tax margin
24.1
%
 
34.4
%
 
39.5
%
Return on average stockholders' equity (annualized)
16.2
%
 
14.2
%
 
16.9
%
Net profit margin
23.6
%
 
21.5
%
 
25.1
%
EBITDA(1) as a percentage of net revenues
31.4
%
 
41.8
%
 
46.1
%
Liquidity Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest on borrowings (in millions)
$
20

 
$
23

 
$
14

Interest coverage ratio (EBITDA(1)/interest on borrowings)
19.8

 
17.9

 
28.3

Cash and cash equivalents (in billions)
$
1.6

 
$
1.5

 
$
1.7

Liquid assets available for corporate investing
and financing activities(1)(2) (in billions)
$
0.1

 
$
0.2

 
$
0.8

Transaction-Based Revenue Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
Total trades (in millions)
45.4

 
33.0

 
30.4

Average commissions per trade(3)
$
7.54

 
$
7.72

 
$
9.06

Trading days
62.5

 
62.5

 
62.5

Order routing revenue (in millions)
$
98

 
$
75

 
$
79

Spread-Based Asset Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
Average bank deposit account balances (in billions)
$
119.1

 
$
95.0

 
$
93.3

Average interest-earning assets (in billions)
31.6

 
26.7

 
24.4

   Average spread-based balance (in billions)
$
150.7

 
$
121.7

 
$
117.7

Bank deposit account fee revenue (in millions)
$
381

 
$
307

 
$
245

Net interest revenue (in millions)
276

 
210

 
151

   Spread-based revenue (in millions)
$
657

 
$
517

 
$
396

Avg. annualized yield - bank deposit account fees
1.25
%
 
1.26
%
 
1.03
%
Avg. annualized yield - interest-earning assets
3.42
%
 
3.08
%
 
2.42
%
   Net interest margin (NIM)
1.71
%
 
1.66
%
 
1.32
%
Fee-Based Investment Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
Money market mutual fund fees:
 
 
 
 
 
  Average balance (in billions)
$
3.8

 
$
3.6

 
$
3.7

  Average annualized yield
0.43
%
 
0.43
%
 
0.38
%
  Fee revenue (in millions)
$
4

 
$
4

 
$
3

Market fee-based investment balances:
 
 
 
 
 
  Average balance (in billions)
$
226.2

 
$
196.2

 
$
166.7

  Average annualized yield
0.22
%
 
0.22
%
 
0.21
%
  Fee revenue (in millions)
$
129

 
$
111

 
$
91

Average fee-based investment balances (in billions)
$
230.0

 
$
199.8

 
$
170.4

Average annualized yield
0.23
%
 
0.22
%
 
0.22
%
Investment product fee revenue (in millions)
$
133

 
$
115

 
$
94

(1) See attached reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.
(2) Effective in March 2017, the liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities metric was revised. Prior periods have been updated to conform to the current presentation.
(3) Effective in September 2017, the average commissions per trade metric was revised to exclude order routing revenue. Prior periods have been updated to conform to the current presentation.
NOTE: See Glossary of Terms on the Company's website at www.amtd.com for definitions of the above metrics.


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TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
SELECTED OPERATING DATA
(Unaudited)

 
Quarter Ended
 
Dec. 31, 2017
 
Sept. 30, 2017
 
Dec. 31, 2016
Client Account and Client Asset Metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
Funded accounts (beginning of period)
11,004,000

 
7,279,000

 
6,950,000

Funded accounts (end of period)
11,129,000

 
11,004,000

 
7,046,000

Percentage change during period
1
%
 
51
%
 
1
%

Client assets (beginning of period, in billions)
$
1,118.5

 
$
882.4

 
$
773.8

Client assets (end of period, in billions)
$
1,178.8

 
$
1,118.5

 
$
797.0

Percentage change during period
5
%
 
27
%
 
3
%

Net Interest Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
Segregated cash:
 
 
 
 
 
  Average balance (in billions)
$
9.9

 
$
7.7

 
$
8.7

  Average annualized yield
1.09
%
 
0.93
%
 
0.30
%
  Interest revenue (in millions)
$
28

 
$
18

 
$
7


Client margin balances:
 
 
 
 
 
  Average balance (in billions)
$
17.6

 
$
13.8

 
$
11.9

  Average annualized yield
4.25
%
 
4.08
%
 
3.56
%
  Interest revenue (in millions)
$
191

 
$
144

 
$
108


Securities borrowing/lending:
 
 
 
 
 
  Average securities borrowing balance (in billions)
$
1.1

 
$
1.1

 
$
0.9

  Average securities lending balance (in billions)
$
2.6

 
$
2.4

 
$
1.9

  Net interest revenue - securities borrowing/lending (in millions)
$
53

 
$
41

 
$
33


Other cash and interest-earning investments:
 
 
 
 
 
  Average balance (in billions)
$
3.0

 
$
4.1

 
$
2.9

  Average annualized yield
0.82
%
 
0.79
%
 
0.44
%
  Interest revenue - net (in millions)
$
6

 
$
8

 
$
3


Client credit balances:
 
 
 
 
 
  Average balance (in billions)
$
21.4

 
$
16.6

 
$
16.1

  Average annualized cost
0.03
%
 
0.02
%
 
0.01
%
  Interest expense (in millions)
$
(2
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(0
)

Average interest-earning assets (in billions)
$
31.6

 
$
26.7

 
$
24.4

Average annualized yield
3.42
%
 
3.08
%
 
2.42
%
Net interest revenue (in millions)
$
276

 
$
210

 
$
151

 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE: See Glossary of Terms on the Company's website at www.amtd.com for definitions of the above metrics.


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TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Dollars in millions, except per share amounts
(Unaudited)

 
Quarter Ended
 
Fiscal Year Ending
Sept. 30, 2018*
 
Dec. 31, 2017
 
Sept. 30, 2017
 
Dec. 31, 2016
 
 
Amount
 
Diluted EPS
 
Amount
 
Diluted EPS
 
Amount
 
Diluted EPS
 
Diluted EPS Range
Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP Diluted EPS (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income and diluted EPS - GAAP
$
297

 
$
0.52

 
$
211

 
$
0.39

 
$
216

 
$
0.41

 
$
1.85

 
$
2.45

Non-GAAP adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
38

 
0.07

 
22

 
0.04

 
19

 
0.03

 
0.25

 
0.25

Acquisition-related expenses
179

 
0.31

 
61

 
0.11

 
3

 
0.01

 
0.72

 
0.56

Income tax effect of above adjustments
(59
)
 
(0.10
)
 
(31
)
 
(0.05
)
 
(8
)
 
(0.02
)
 
(0.27
)
 
(0.21
)
Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS
$
455

 
$
0.80

 
$
263

 
$
0.49

 
$
230

 
$
0.43

 
$
2.55

 
$
3.05

 
Quarter Ended
 
Dec. 31, 2017
 
Sept. 30, 2017
 
Dec. 31, 2016
 
$
 
% of Net Rev.
 
$
 
% of Net Rev.
 
$
 
% of Net Rev.
EBITDA (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income - GAAP
$
297

 
23.6
%
 
$
211

 
21.5
%
 
$
216

 
25.1
%
Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
34

 
2.7
%
 
28

 
2.8
%
 
24

 
2.8
%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
38

 
3.0
%
 
22

 
2.2
%
 
19

 
2.2
%
Interest on borrowings
20

 
1.6
%
 
23

 
2.3
%
 
14

 
1.6
%
Provision for income taxes
6

 
0.5
%
 
127

 
12.9
%
 
123

 
14.3
%
EBITDA - non-GAAP
$
395

 
31.4
%
 
$
411

 
41.8
%
 
$
396

 
46.1
%


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As of
 
Dec. 31, 2017
 
Sept. 30, 2017
 
June 30, 2017
 
Mar. 31, 2017
 
Dec. 31, 2016
Liquid Assets Available for Corporate Investing and Financing Activities (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents - GAAP
$
1,644

 
$
1,472

 
$
2,880

 
$
2,231

 
$
1,662

Less: Non-corporate cash and cash equivalents
(844
)
 
(1,174
)
 
(973
)
 
(1,286
)
 
(1,203
)
Corporate cash and cash equivalents
800

 
298

 
1,907

 
945

 
459

Corporate investments

 
714

 
747

 
747

 
747

Less: Corporate liquidity maintained for operational contingencies
(723
)
 
(723
)
 
(723
)
 
(723
)
 
(773
)
Amounts maintained for corporate working capital
(65
)
 
(87
)
 
(87
)
 
(87
)
 
(87
)
Amounts held as collateral for derivative contracts, net
(8
)
 
(40
)
 
(34
)
 
(40
)
 
(32
)
Excess corporate cash and cash equivalents and investments
4

 
162

 
1,810

 
842

 
314

Excess regulatory net capital over management targets
85

 
46

 
8

 
122

 
478

Liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities - non-GAAP
$
89

 
$
208

 
$
1,818

 
$
964

 
$
792


Note: The term "GAAP" in the following explanation refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

* Represents the range of the Non-GAAP Diluted EPS included within the January 22, 2018 Outlook Statement.
(1)
Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (EPS) are non-GAAP financial measures as defined by SEC Regulation G. We define non-GAAP net income as net income adjusted to remove the after-tax effect of amortization of acquired intangible assets and acquisition-related expenses. We consider non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS as important measures of our financial performance because they exclude certain items that may not be indicative of our core operating results and business outlook and will allow for a better evaluation of the operating performance of the business and facilitate a meaningful comparison of our results in the current period to those in prior and future periods. Amortization of acquired intangible assets is excluded because management does not believe it is indicative of our underlying business performance. Acquisition-related expenses are excluded as these costs are directly related to our acquisition of Scottrade Financial Services, Inc. and are not representative of the costs of running the Company’s on-going business. Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, GAAP net income and diluted EPS.
(2)
EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by SEC Regulation G. We consider EBITDA an important measure of our financial performance and of our ability to generate cash flows to service debt, fund capital expenditures and fund other corporate investing and financing activities. EBITDA is used as the denominator in the consolidated leverage ratio calculation for covenant purposes under our senior revolving credit facility. EBITDA eliminates the non-cash effect of tangible asset depreciation and amortization and intangible asset amortization. EBITDA should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, GAAP pre-tax income, net income and cash flows from operating activities.
(3)
Liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by SEC Regulation G. We consider "liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities" to be an important measure of our liquidity. We include the excess capital of our regulated subsidiaries in the calculation of liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities, rather than simply including the regulated subsidiaries' cash and cash equivalents, because capital requirements may limit the amount of cash available for dividend from the regulated subsidiaries to the parent company. Excess capital, as defined below, is generally available for dividend from the regulated subsidiaries to the parent company. Liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities should be considered as a supplemental measure of liquidity, rather than as a substitute for GAAP cash and cash equivalents.
 
We define liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities as the sum of (a) excess corporate cash and cash equivalents and investments, less securities sold under agreements to repurchase and (b) our regulated subsidiaries' net capital in excess of minimum operational targets established by management. Excess corporate cash and cash equivalents and investments includes cash and cash equivalents from our investment advisory subsidiaries and excludes (i) amounts being maintained to provide liquidity for operational contingencies, including lending to our broker-dealer and FCM/FDM subsidiaries under intercompany credit agreements, (ii) amounts maintained for corporate working capital and (iii) the net amounts held as collateral for derivative contracts. Liquid assets available for corporate investing and financing activities is based on more conservative measures of net capital than regulatory requirements because we generally manage to higher levels of net capital at our regulated subsidiaries than the regulatory thresholds require.