ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC - FORM 10-Q

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EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC	aht2017q310-qxex322.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC	aht2017q310-qxex321.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC	aht2017q310-qxex312.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC	aht2017q310-qxex311.htm
EX-12 - EXHIBIT 12 - ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC	a2017ahtq310-qxex12.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to ________________

Commission file number: 001-31775

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Maryland		86-1062192
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS employer identification number)

14185 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100
Dallas, Texas		75254
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

(972) 490-9600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). þ Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	¨		Accelerated filer	þ
Non-accelerated filer	¨	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨
			Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) if the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes þ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.



Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share		97,416,095
(Class)		Outstanding at November 3, 2017

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	4
Consolidated Statement of Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017	5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	31
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	49
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	49
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	50
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS	50
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	51
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	51
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	51
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION	51
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS	52
SIGNATURES	53

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Assets
Investments in hotel properties, net	$	4,064,555		$	4,160,563
Cash and cash equivalents	393,527			347,091
Restricted cash	133,127			144,014
Marketable securities	11,960			53,185
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $609 and $690, respectively	61,677			44,629
Inventories	4,384			4,530
Investment in unconsolidated entities	5,240			58,779
Deferred costs, net	2,845			2,846
Prepaid expenses	24,198			17,578
Derivative assets, net	1,721			3,614
Other assets	14,225			11,718
Intangible assets, net	9,972			10,061
Due from third-party hotel managers	19,230			13,348
Assets held for sale	—			19,588
Total assets	$	4,746,661		$	4,891,544
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Indebtedness, net	$	3,698,869		$	3,723,559
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	153,772			126,986
Dividends and distributions payable	25,520			24,765
Unfavorable management contract liabilities	345			1,380
Due to Ashford Inc., net	13,689			15,716
Due to Ashford Prime OP, net	—			488
Due to related party, net	326			1,001
Due to third-party hotel managers	2,627			2,714
Intangible liabilities, net	15,928			16,195
Derivative liabilities, net	146			—
Other liabilities	18,203			16,548
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	—			37,047
Total liabilities	3,929,425			3,966,399
Commitments and contingencies (note 13)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	117,434			132,768
Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized:
Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock, 0 and 1,657,206 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	—			17
Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock, 7,904,353 and 9,468,706 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	79			95
Series F Cumulative Preferred Stock, 4,800,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	48			48
Series G Cumulative Preferred Stock, 6,200,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	62			62
Series H Cumulative Preferred Stock, 3,800,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	38			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 97,416,095 and 96,376,827 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	974			964
Additional paid-in capital	1,783,912			1,764,450
Accumulated deficit	(1,086,071		)	(974,015		)
Total stockholders’ equity of the Company	699,042			791,621
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities	760			756
Total equity	699,802			792,377
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,746,661		$	4,891,544

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenue
Rooms	$	289,017		$	300,875		$	876,927		$	917,396
Food and beverage	48,313			56,206			175,005			188,467
Other hotel revenue	15,006			14,389			43,720			43,213
Total hotel revenue	352,336			371,470			1,095,652			1,149,076
Other	989			461			2,052			1,297
Total revenue	353,325			371,931			1,097,704			1,150,373
Expenses
Hotel operating expenses:
Rooms	63,950			65,474			188,857			195,769
Food and beverage	37,173			41,086			121,619			129,606
Other expenses	112,421			114,377			337,978			347,126
Management fees	13,027			13,616			40,100			42,191
Total hotel expenses	226,571			234,553			688,554			714,692
Property taxes, insurance, and other	18,194			17,172			55,293			55,077
Depreciation and amortization	60,135			60,170			185,380			182,411
Impairment charges	1,785			4,922			1,785			4,695
Transaction costs	—			124			11			201
Advisory services fee	14,612			11,948			39,482			34,927
Corporate general and administrative	2,412			1,968			10,836			6,426
Total expenses	323,709			330,857			981,341			998,429
Operating income (loss)	29,616			41,074			116,363			151,944
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entities	(679		)	(560		)	(3,580		)	(4,432		)
Interest income	706			92			1,460			229
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties	15			1,448			14,024			24,428
Other income (expense)	(273		)	(926		)	(3,539		)	(4,263		)
Interest expense and amortization of premiums and loan costs	(56,963		)	(55,762		)	(167,224		)	(168,167		)
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees	—			(972		)	(1,629		)	(4,913		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(936		)	—			(4,813		)	—
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives	(1,479		)	(9,548		)	(1,804		)	4,248
Income (loss) before income taxes	(29,993		)	(25,154		)	(50,742		)	(926		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	1,267			16			507			(1,216		)
Net income (loss)	(28,726		)	(25,138		)	(50,235		)	(2,142		)
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest	(22		)	(16		)	(4		)	16
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	6,940			5,009			13,202			2,745
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company	(21,808		)	(20,145		)	(37,037		)	619
Preferred dividends	(11,440		)	(8,875		)	(33,352		)	(25,856		)
Extinguishment of issuance costs upon redemption of preferred stock	(4,507		)	(6,124		)	(4,507		)	(6,124		)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(37,755	)	$	(35,144	)	$	(74,896	)	$	(31,361	)

Income (loss) per share - basic and diluted:
Basic:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.34	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic	95,332			94,531			95,169			94,384
Diluted:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.34	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted	95,332			94,531			95,169			94,384

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.12		$	0.12		$	0.36		$	0.36

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited, in thousands)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income (loss)	$	(28,726	)	$	(25,138	)	$	(50,235	)	$	(2,142	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—			—			—
Comprehensive income (loss)	(28,726		)	(25,138		)	(50,235		)	(2,142		)
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in consolidated entities	(22		)	(16		)	(4		)	16
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	6,940			5,009			13,202			2,745
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company	$	(21,808	)	$	(20,145	)	$	(37,037	)	$	619

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(unaudited, in thousands)



	Preferred Stock																									Additional Paid In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Noncontrolling Interests In Consolidated Entities		Total			Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership
	Series A					Series D					Series F			Series G			Series H				Common Stock
	Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
Balance at January 1, 2017	1,657		$	17		9,469		$	95		4,800	$	48	6,200	$	62	$	—	$	—	96,377		$	964		$	1,764,450		$	(974,015	)	$	756	$	792,377		$	132,768
Purchases of common stock	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		(203	)	(2		)	(1,271		)	—			—		(1,273		)	—
Equity-based compensation	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			5,002			—			—		5,002			3,749
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		(49	)	—			—			—			—		—			—
Issuance of restricted shares/units	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		1,271		12			(12		)	—			—		—			94
Redemption of preferred shares	(1,657	)	(17		)	(1,565	)	(16		)	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			(76,014		)	(4,507		)	—		(80,554		)	—
Issuances of preferred shares	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		3,800		38		—		—			91,596			—			—		91,634			—
Dividends declared - common shares	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(35,319		)	—		(35,319		)	—
Dividends declared - preferred shares- Series A	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(2,539		)	—		(2,539		)	—
Dividends declared - preferred shares- Series D	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(14,891		)	—		(14,891		)	—
Dividends declared – preferred shares- Series F	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(6,637		)	—		(6,637		)	—
Dividends declared – preferred shares- Series G	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(8,573		)	—		(8,573		)	—
Dividends declared – preferred shares- Series H	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(712		)	—		(712		)	—
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		—			(7,655		)
Redemption/conversion of operating partnership units	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		20		—			161			—			—		161			(161		)
Redemption value adjustment	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(1,841		)	—		(1,841		)	1,841
Net income (loss)	—		—			—		—			—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—			—			(37,037		)	4		(37,033		)	(13,202		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	—		$	—		7,904		$	79		4,800	$	48	6,200	$	62	3,800		$	38	97,416		$	974		$	1,783,912		$	(1,086,071	)	$	760	$	699,802		$	117,434

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income (loss)	$	(50,235	)	$	(2,142	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flow from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	185,380			182,411
Impairment charges	1,785			4,695
Amortization of intangibles	(178		)	(157		)
Recognition of deferred income	(593		)	—
Write-off of intangibles	—			564
Bad debt expense	1,441			863
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(1,683		)	—
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entities	3,580			4,432
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel properties, net	(14,024		)	(24,428		)
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on marketable securities	3,991			—
Purchases of marketable securities	(38,889		)	—
Sales of marketable securities	76,123			—
Net settlement of trading derivatives	(3,840		)	(3,259		)
Payments for derivatives	—			(230		)
Realized and unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives	6,512			(823		)
Amortization of loan costs and premiums, write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees	10,783			21,340
Equity-based compensation	8,751			5,511
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, exclusive of effect of dispositions of hotel properties:
Accounts receivable and inventories	(14,169		)	(19,190		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(6,311		)	(13,849		)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	18,573			26,751
Due to/from related party	(734		)	(940		)
Due to/from third-party hotel managers	(5,969		)	7,405
Due to/from Ashford Prime OP, net	(488		)	535
Due to/from Ashford Inc., net	(2,027		)	384
Other assets	(541		)	—
Other liabilities	1,213			1,150
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	178,451			191,023
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Investment in unconsolidated entity	(983		)	(2,000		)
Proceeds from payments on note receivable	—			184
Acquisition of hotel properties and assets, net of cash acquired	(110		)	(2,106		)
Improvements and additions to hotel properties	(164,075		)	(137,897		)
Net proceeds from sales of assets/properties	105,267			168,831
Liquidation of AQUA U.S. Fund	50,942			—
Payments for initial franchise fees	(225		)	(30		)
Proceeds from property insurance	2,369			268
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(6,815		)	27,250
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Borrowings on indebtedness	180,800			37,500
Repayments of indebtedness	(246,139		)	(141,528		)
Payments for loan costs and exit fees	(5,813		)	(5,119		)
Payments for dividends and distributions	(75,571		)	(69,328		)
Purchases of common stock	(1,273		)	(732		)
Redemption of preferred stock	(80,554		)	(115,750		)
Payments for derivatives	(633		)	(104		)
Proceeds from preferred stock offering	91,634			115,769
Other	94			66
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(137,455		)	(179,226		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	34,181			39,047
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	492,473			368,758
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and at end of period	$	526,654		$	407,805

Table of Contents



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Interest paid	$	158,443	$	152,378
Income taxes paid	1,610		1,611
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activity
Accrued but unpaid capital expenditures	$	18,300	$	9,941
Dividends and distributions declared but not paid	25,520		22,547
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	347,091	$	215,078
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period included in assets held for sale	976		—
Restricted cash at beginning of period	144,014		153,680
Restricted cash at beginning of period included in assets held for sale	392		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	492,473	$	368,758

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	393,527	$	256,421
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period included in assets held for sale	—		348
Restricted cash at end of period	133,127		149,865
Restricted cash at end of period included in assets held for sale	—		1,171
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	526,654	$	407,805

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Organization and Description of Business

Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Ashford Trust”), is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) focused on investing in full-service hotels in the upscale and upper upscale segments in domestic and international markets that have revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) generally less than twice the national average, and in all methods including direct real estate, equity, and debt. Other than Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.’s investment in Ashford Inc. common stock, we own our lodging investments and conduct our business through Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership (“Ashford Trust OP”), our operating partnership. Ashford OP General Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Trust, serves as the sole general partner of our operating partnership. In this report, terms such as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and all entities included in its consolidated financial statements.

We are advised by Ashford Hospitality Advisors LLC (“Ashford LLC”), a subsidiary of Ashford Inc., through an advisory agreement. All of the hotel properties in our portfolio are currently asset-managed by Ashford LLC. We do not have any employees. All of the services that might be provided by employees are provided to us by Ashford LLC.

As of September 30, 2017, we owned interests in the following assets:


•	120 consolidated hotel properties, including 118 directly owned and two owned through a majority-owned investment in a consolidated entity, which represent 25,055 total rooms (or 25,028 net rooms excluding those attributable to our partners);


•	87 hotel condominium units at WorldQuest Resort in Orlando, Florida (“WorldQuest”);


•	a 29.6% ownership in Ashford Inc. common stock with a carrying value of $2.6 million and a fair value of $36.2 million; and


•	a 16.2% ownership in OpenKey with a carrying value of $2.7 million.

For federal income tax purposes, we have elected to be treated as a REIT, which imposes limitations related to operating hotels. As of September 30, 2017, our 120 hotel properties were leased or owned by our wholly owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes (collectively, these subsidiaries are referred to as “Ashford TRS”). Ashford TRS then engages third-party or affiliated hotel management companies to operate the hotels under management contracts. Hotel operating results related to these properties are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of September 30, 2017, Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, together with its affiliates (“Remington Lodging”), which is beneficially wholly owned by Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our Chairman, and Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman Emeritus, managed 82 of our 120 hotel properties and WorldQuest Resort. Third-party management companies managed the remaining hotel properties.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., its majority-owned subsidiaries, and its majority-owned entities in which it has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated in these consolidated financial statements. We have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements. We believe the disclosures made herein are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. However, the financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2016 Annual Report to Stockholders on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 16, 2017.

Ashford Trust OP is considered to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”), as defined by authoritative accounting guidance. A VIE must be consolidated by a reporting entity if the reporting entity is the primary beneficiary because it has (i) the power to direct the VIE’s activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, (ii) an implicit financial responsibility to ensure that a VIE operates as designed, and (iii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. All major decisions related to Ashford Trust OP that most significantly impact its economic performance, including but not limited

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(unaudited)

to operating procedures with respect to business affairs and any acquisitions, dispositions, financings, restructurings or other transactions with sellers, purchasers, lenders, brokers, agents and other applicable representatives, are subject to the approval of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Ashford Trust OP General Partner LLC, its general partner. As such, we consolidate Ashford Trust OP.

Historical seasonality patterns at some of our hotel properties cause fluctuations in our overall operating results. Consequently, operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

The following dispositions affect reporting comparability of our consolidated financial statements:



Hotel Property	Location	Type	Date
5-hotel portfolio ⁽¹⁾	Various	Disposition	June 1, 2016
Hampton Inn & Suites	Gainesville, FL	Disposition	September 1, 2016
SpringHill Suites Gaithersburg	Gaithersburg, MD	Disposition	October 1, 2016
2-hotel portfolio ⁽²⁾	Palm Desert, CA	Disposition	October 7, 2016
Renaissance	Portsmouth, VA	Disposition	February 1, 2017
Embassy Suites	Syracuse, NY	Disposition	March 6, 2017
Crowne Plaza Ravinia	Atlanta, GA	Disposition	June 29, 2017

⁽¹⁾The 5-hotel portfolio is comprised of the Courtyard Edison in Edison, New Jersey; the Residence Inn Buckhead in Atlanta, Georgia; the Courtyard Lake Buena Vista, the Fairfield Inn Lake Buena Vista and the SpringHill Suites Lake Buena Vista in Orlando, Florida.

⁽²⁾The 2-hotel portfolio is comprised of the Courtyard and Residence Inn in Palm Desert, California.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Restricted Cash—Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of approximately 4% to 6% of property revenue for certain hotels, as required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions. We early adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash effective January 1, 2017. See discussion in recently adopted accounting standards below.

Impairment of Investments in Hotel Properties—Hotel properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the property’s net book value exceeds its estimated fair value, or fair value, less cost to sell. In evaluating impairment of hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period, and expected useful life. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. We recorded an impairment charge of $1.8 million to investments in hotel properties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to hurricanes in Florida and Texas. We recorded an impairment charge of $5.0 million to investments in hotel properties for the three and nine months ended September 31, 2016. See note 4.

Hotel Dispositions—Discontinued operations are defined as the disposal of components of an entity that represents strategic shifts that have (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. We believe that individual dispositions of hotel properties do not represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations and financial results as most will not fit the definition.

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(unaudited)

Assets Held for Sale—We classify assets as held for sale when we have obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and consummation of the sale is considered probable and expected within one year. The related operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if the disposal is a component of an entity that represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations and cash flows. Depreciation and amortization will cease as of the date assets have met the criteria to be deemed held for sale. See note 4.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities—Investments in entities in which we have ownership interests ranging from 16.2% to 29.6%, at September 30, 2017, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the entities’ net income/loss. We review the investments in our unconsolidated entities for impairment in each reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. An investment is impaired when its estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of our investment. Any impairment is recorded in equity in earnings (loss) in unconsolidated entities. No such impairment was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Our investments in certain unconsolidated entities are considered to be variable interests in the underlying entities. VIEs, as defined by authoritative accounting guidance, must be consolidated by a reporting entity if the reporting entity is the primary beneficiary because it has (i) the power to direct the VIE’s activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, (ii) an implicit financial responsibility to ensure that a VIE operates as designed, and (iii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. Because we do not have the power and financial responsibility to direct the unconsolidated entities’ activities and operations, we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of these entities on an ongoing basis and therefore such entities should not be consolidated. In evaluating VIEs, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition—Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, parking and space rentals, are recognized when services have been rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not recorded in revenue. Interest income is recognized when earned. We discontinue recording interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest and/or principal is not received when contractually due.

Equity-Based Compensation—Stock/unit-based compensation for non-employees is accounted for at fair value based on the market price of the shares at period end in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance that results in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee” and “management fees” equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Performance stock units (“PSUs”) and performance-based Long-Term Incentive Plan (“Performance LTIP”) units granted to certain executive officers are accounted for at fair value at period end based on a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model that results in recording expense, included in “advisory services fee,” equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period. Stock/unit grants to independent directors are recorded at fair value based on the market price of the shares at grant date, which amount is fully expensed as the grants of stock/units are fully vested on the date of grant.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards—In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-07, Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting (“ASU 2016-07”), which simplifies the equity method of accounting by eliminating the requirement to retrospectively apply the equity method to an investment that subsequently qualifies for such accounting as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence. ASU 2016-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017, and the adoption of this standard did not have any impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016-18”), which clarifies the presentation of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statements of cash flows. Under ASU 2016-18 restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statements of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017 on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this standard resulted in the inclusion of restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statements of cash flows for all periods presented. As a result net cash provided by operating activities increased $13.1 million and net cash used in investing activities decreased $15.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Our beginning-of-period cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased $144.4 million and $153.7 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

Recently Issued Accounting Standards—In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model, which requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The update will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which defers the effective date to fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or cumulative effect (modified retrospective) transition method. We are continuing to evaluate each of our revenue streams under the new standard and because of the short-term, day-to-day nature of hotel revenues, our pattern of revenue recognition is not expected to change significantly. Additionally, we have historically disposed of hotel properties for cash sales with no contingencies and no future involvement in the hotel operations, therefore, ASU No. 2014-09 will not impact the recognition of hotel sales. We presently expect to select the modified retrospective method. We do not expect adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We continue to evaluate the related disclosure requirements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”), which requires an entity to: (i) measure equity investments at fair value through net income, with certain exceptions; (ii) present in OCI the changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured using the fair value option; (iii) present financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset; (iv) calculate the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes based on an exit price and; (v) assess a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to unrealized losses of AFS debt securities in combination with other deferred tax assets. ASU 2016-01 provides an election to subsequently measure certain nonmarketable equity investments at cost less any impairment and adjusted for certain observable price changes. It also requires a qualitative impairment assessment of such equity investments and amends certain fair value disclosure requirements. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain provisions of ASU 2016-01 are eligible for early adoption. We do not expect that ASU 2016-01 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The accounting for leases under which we are the lessor remains largely unchanged. While we are currently in the initial stages of assessing the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements, we expect the primary impact to our consolidated financial statements upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our future minimum rentals due under noncancelable leases on our consolidated balance sheets resulting in the recording of ROU assets and lease obligations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). The ASU sets forth an “expected credit loss” impairment model to replace the current “incurred loss” method of recognizing credit losses. The standard requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for most financial assets held. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments - a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force (“ASU 2016-15”). The new guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. Certain issues addressed in this guidance include - debt payments or debt extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, distributions received from equity method investments and beneficial interests in securitization transactions. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-15 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of an asset or a business. ASU 2017-01 is

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(unaudited)

effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. While we are currently evaluating the potential impact of the standard, we currently expect that certain future hotel acquisitions may be considered asset acquisitions rather than business combinations, which would affect capitalization of acquisitions costs (such costs are expensed for business combinations and capitalized for asset acquisitions).

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets (ASU “2017-05”), which clarifies the scope of Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 610-20, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets and adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. ASU 2017-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. An entity may elect to apply ASU 2017-05 under a retrospective or modified retrospective approach. We are evaluating the impact that ASU 2017-05 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Investments in Hotel Properties, net

Investments in hotel properties, net consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Land	$	657,144		$	663,013
Buildings and improvements	3,902,162			3,913,377
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	442,468			434,091
Construction in progress	36,468			32,525
Condominium properties	11,896			11,558
Total cost	5,050,138			5,054,564
Accumulated depreciation	(985,583		)	(894,001		)
Investments in hotel properties, net	$	4,064,555		$	4,160,563

4. Hotel Dispositions, Impairment Charges and Insurance Recoveries and Assets Held For Sale

On June 1, 2016, the Company sold the Noble Five Hotels, a 5-hotel portfolio of select-service hotel properties for approximately $142.0 million in cash. The sale resulted in a gain of $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The portfolio is comprised of the Courtyard Edison in Edison, New Jersey, the Residence Inn Buckhead in Atlanta, Georgia, the Courtyard Lake Buena Vista, the Fairfield Inn Lake Buena Vista and the SpringHill Suites Lake Buena Vista in Orlando, Florida.

On September 1, 2016, the Company sold the Hampton Inn Gainesville for approximately $26.5 million in cash. The sale resulted in a gain of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.

On October 1, 2016, the Company sold the SpringHill Suites in Gaithersburg, Maryland for approximately $13.2 million. The consideration received from the sale was a combination of cash and approximately 2.0 million Class B common units of the Company’s operating partnership. The Class B operating partnership units were redeemed at a price of $5.74 per unit, or a price of $6.05 per common share after taking into account the current conversion factor. The Company also repaid approximately $10.4 million of debt associated with the hotel property. The sale resulted in a loss of $223,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

On October 7, 2016, the Company sold the Courtyard and Residence Inn in Palm Desert, California for $36.0 million. The consideration received from the sale was a combination of cash and assumption of approximately $23.8 million of mortgage debt associated with the hotel properties. The sale resulted in a gain of $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.

On February 1, 2017, the Company sold the Renaissance hotel in Portsmouth, Virginia (“Renaissance Portsmouth”) for approximately $9.2 million in cash. The sale resulted in a loss of $43,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties” in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company also repaid approximately $20.2 million of debt associated with the hotel property. See note 6.

On March 6, 2017, the Company sold the Embassy Suites in Syracuse, New York (“Embassy Suites Syracuse”) for approximately $8.8 million in cash. The sale resulted in a loss of $40,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties” in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company also repaid approximately $20.6 million of debt associated with the hotel property. See note 6.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

On June 29, 2017, the Company sold the Crowne Plaza Ravinia in Atlanta, Georgia for approximately $88.7 million in cash. The sale resulted in a gain of $14.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties” in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company also repaid approximately $78.7 million of debt associated with the hotel property. See note 6.

We included the results of operations for these hotel properties through the date of disposition in net income (loss). The following table includes condensed financial information from these hotel properties in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Total hotel revenue	$	5		$	14,293		$	12,447		$	67,704
Total hotel operating expenses	(305		)	(9,649		)	(9,849		)	(44,581		)
Operating income (loss)	(300		)	4,644			2,598			23,123
Property taxes, insurance and other	(4		)	(742		)	(617		)	(3,273		)
Depreciation and amortization	—			(2,077		)	(2,588		)	(10,159		)
Impairment charge	—			(5,039		)	—			(5,039		)
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties	15			1,448			14,024			24,428
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs	—			(2,069		)	(2,361		)	(8,905		)
Write-off of loan costs and exit fees	—			(972		)	(98		)	(4,913		)
Net income (loss)	(289		)	(4,807		)	10,958			15,262
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	45			673			(1,724		)	(2,138		)
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company	$	(244	)	$	(4,134	)	$	9,234		$	13,124

Impairment Charges and Insurance Recoveries

In August and September 2017, twenty-four of our hotel properties in Texas and Florida were impacted by the effects of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. The Company holds insurance policies that provide coverage for property damage and business interruption after meeting certain deductibles at all of its hotel properties. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized impairment charges, net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $1.8 million. Additionally, the Company recognized remediation and other costs, net of anticipated insurance recoveries of $3.7 million, included primarily in other hotel operating expenses. As of September 30, 2017, the company has recorded an insurance receivable of $1.4 million, net of deductibles of $5.5 million, included in “accounts receivable, net” on our consolidated balance sheet, related to the anticipated insurance recoveries. The Company will not record an insurance recovery receivable for business interruption losses associated with lost profits until the amount for such recoveries is known and the amount is realizable.

Assets Held For Sale

At December 31, 2016, the Renaissance Portsmouth and the Embassy Suites Syracuse were classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet based on methodologies discussed in note 2. Since the sale of the properties did not represent a strategic shift that had (or will have had) a major effect on our operations or financial results, their results of operation were not reported as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. Depreciation and amortization were ceased as of the date the assets were deemed held for sale. On February 1, 2017, we completed the sale of the Renaissance Portsmouth for approximately $9.2 million. On March 6, 2017, we completed the sale of the Embassy Suites Syracuse for approximately $8.8 million.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

The major classes of assets and liabilities related to the assets held for sale included in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 were as follows:



	December 31, 2016
Assets
Investments in hotel properties, net	$	17,232
Cash and cash equivalents	976
Restricted cash	392
Accounts receivable	305
Inventories	96
Deferred costs, net	4
Prepaid expenses	309
Other assets	274
Assets held for sale	$	19,588

Liabilities
Indebtedness, net	$	35,679
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,323
Due to related party, net	45
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	$	37,047

5. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

Ashford Inc.

We held approximately 598,000 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock, which represented an approximate 29.6% ownership interest in Ashford Inc. as of September 30, 2017, with a carrying value of $2.6 million and a fair value of $36.2 million.

The following tables summarize the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations of Ashford Inc. and our equity in earnings (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Ashford Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Total assets	$	84,012	$	129,797
Total liabilities	$	49,754	$	38,168
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	1,936		1,480
Total stockholders’ equity of Ashford Inc.	31,862		37,377
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities	460		52,772
Total equity	32,322		90,149
Total liabilities and equity	$	84,012	$	129,797
Our ownership interest in Ashford Inc.	$	2,582	$	5,873

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

Ashford Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Total revenue	$	19,255		$	16,538		$	51,907		$	48,099
Total operating expenses	(21,595		)	(16,673		)	(54,965		)	(50,938		)
Operating income (loss)	(2,340		)	(135		)	(3,058		)	(2,839		)
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment in unconsolidated entity, net	—			—			—			(1,460		)
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net	—			(441		)	(91		)	(5,889		)
Interest expense and loan amortization costs	(20		)	—			(35		)	—
Other income (expense)	77			59			220			(21		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	25			(575		)	(9,248		)	(560		)
Net income (loss)	(2,258		)	(1,092		)	(12,212		)	(10,769		)
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests	102			486			267			6,852
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	300			321			995			794
Net income (loss) attributable to Ashford Inc.	$	(1,856	)	$	(285	)	$	(10,950	)	$	(3,123	)
Our equity in earnings (loss) of Ashford Inc.	$	(569	)	$	(85	)	$	(3,291	)	$	(959	)

AQUA U.S. Fund

The AQUA U.S. Fund was managed by Ashford Investment Management, LLC (“AIM”), an indirect subsidiary of Ashford Inc. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the AQUA U.S. Fund was consolidated by Ashford Inc. The AQUA U.S. Fund invested substantially all of its assets in the Ashford Quantitative Alternatives Master Fund, LP (the “Master Fund”), previously named the AIM Real Estate Hedged Equity Master Fund, LP, and as a consequence of our investment in the AQUA U.S. Fund, we obtained an indirect interest in the Master Fund. Our maximum exposure of loss was limited to our investment in the AQUA U.S. Fund.

During the first quarter of 2017, we liquidated our investment in the AQUA U.S. Fund subject to a 5% hold back of $2.6 million, which was received during the second quarter of 2017. Our ownership interest in the AQUA U.S. Fund was $50.9 million at December 31, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 our equity in earnings was $52,000. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 our equity in loss was $395,000 and $3.3 million, respectively.

OpenKey

In 2016, the Company made investments totaling $2.3 million in OpenKey, which is controlled and consolidated by Ashford Inc., for a 13.3% ownership interest. On March 2, 2017 and September 12, 2017, we invested an additional $650,000 and $333,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the Company has made investments totaling $3.3 million, for a 16.23% ownership interest. Our investment is recorded as a component of “investment in unconsolidated entities” in our consolidated balance sheet and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as we have been deemed to have significant influence over the entity under the applicable accounting guidance. As of September 30, 2017, our ownership interest had a carrying value of $2.7 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, our equity in earnings (loss) in the unconsolidated entity was a loss of $111,000 and $341,000, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, our equity in earnings (loss) in the unconsolidated entity was a loss of $80,000 and $196,000, respectively.

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(unaudited)

6. Indebtedness

Indebtedness consisted of the following (in thousands):



Indebtedness	Collateral	Maturity	Interest Rate	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Mortgage loan ⁽²⁾	1 hotel	June 2017	5.98%	$	—		$	15,729
Mortgage loan ⁽³⁾	17 hotels	December 2017	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 5.52%	412,500			412,500
Mortgage loan ⁽⁴⁾	2 hotels	January 2018	4.44%	—			105,047
Mortgage loan	1 hotel	January 2018	4.38%	94,722			96,169
Mortgage loan ⁽⁵⁾	8 hotels	January 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.95%	376,800			376,800
Mortgage loan ⁽⁶⁾	5 hotels	February 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.75%	200,000			200,000
Mortgage loan ⁽⁷⁾	1 hotel	April 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.95%	33,300			33,300
Mortgage loan ^{(8) (9) (10) (11)}	22 hotels	April 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.39%	971,654			1,070,560
Mortgage loan ⁽¹²⁾	1 hotel	May 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 5.10%	25,100			25,100
Mortgage loan ⁽¹³⁾	1 hotel	June 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 5.10%	43,750			43,750
Mortgage loan ⁽¹⁴⁾	1 hotel	July 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.15%	35,200			35,200
Mortgage loan ⁽¹⁴⁾	1 hotel	July 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 5.10%	40,500			40,500
Mortgage loan ⁽¹⁴⁾	8 hotels	July 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.09%	144,000			144,000
Mortgage loan ⁽¹⁵⁾	1 hotel	August 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.95%	12,000			12,000
Mortgage loan ⁽¹⁶⁾	4 hotels	August 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.38%	52,530			52,530
Mortgage loan ^{(16) (17) (18)}	6 hotels	August 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.35%	280,421			301,000
Mortgage loan ⁽³⁾	18 hotels	October 2018	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.55%	450,000			450,000
Mortgage loan	1 hotel	July 2019	4.00%	5,361			5,436
Mortgage loan ⁽²⁾	1 hotel	May 2020	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 2.90%	16,100			—
Mortgage loan	1 hotel	November 2020	6.26%	95,638			96,873
Mortgage loan ⁽⁴⁾	2 hotels	June 2022	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 3.00%	164,700			—
Mortgage loan	1 hotel	May 2023	5.46%	54,020			54,685
Mortgage loan	1 hotel	January 2024	5.49%	7,028			7,111
Mortgage loan	1 hotel	January 2024	5.49%	10,258			10,378
Mortgage loan	1 hotel	May 2024	4.99%	6,559			6,641
Mortgage loan	2 hotels	August 2024	4.85%	12,288			12,427
Mortgage loan	3 hotels	August 2024	4.90%	24,561			24,836
Mortgage loan	3 hotels	August 2024	5.20%	66,454			67,164
Mortgage loan	2 hotels	February 2025	4.45%	20,304			20,575
Mortgage loan	3 hotels	February 2025	4.45%	52,517			53,293
				3,708,265			3,773,604
Premiums, net				1,756			3,523
Deferred loan costs, net				(11,152		)	(17,889		)
				$	3,698,869		$	3,759,238

Indebtedness related to assets held for sale ⁽¹⁰⁾	1 hotel	April 2017	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.39%	—			16,080
Indebtedness related to assets held for sale ⁽¹⁸⁾	1 hotel	August 2017	LIBOR ⁽¹⁾ + 4.35%	—			19,599
Indebtedness, net				$	3,698,869		$	3,723,559

____________________________________

⁽¹⁾ LIBOR rates were 1.232% and 0.772% at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

⁽²⁾On May 24, 2017, we refinanced this mortgage loan totaling $15.7 million set to mature in June 2017 with a new $16.1 million mortgage loan with a three-year initial term and two one-year extension options subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. Through May 2019, the new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR + 2.90%. Beginning on June 1, 2019, monthly principal payments based on a thirty-year amortization and a 6.00% interest rate are due.

⁽³⁾This mortgage loan has four one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions.

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(unaudited)

⁽⁴⁾On May 10, 2017, we refinanced this mortgage loan totaling $104.3 million set to mature in January 2018 with a new $181.0 million mortgage loan, of which our initial advance was $164.7 million. The new mortgage loan is interest only and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR +3.00%. Beginning on July 1, 2020, quarterly principal payments of $750,000 are due.

⁽⁵⁾This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The first one-year extension period began in January 2017

⁽⁶⁾This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and a LIBOR floor of 0.20%. The second one-year extension period began in February 2017.

⁽⁷⁾This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The first one-year extension period began in April 2017.

⁽⁸⁾This mortgage loan has four one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The first one-year extension period began in April 2017.

⁽⁹⁾This mortgage loan had a $20.2 million pay down of principal related to the sale of the Renaissance Portsmouth that was sold on February 1, 2017.

⁽¹⁰⁾A portion of this mortgage loan at December 31, 2016 relates to the Renaissance Portsmouth that was sold on February 1, 2017. See note 4.

⁽¹¹⁾This mortgage loan had a $78.7 million pay down of principal related to the sale of the Crowne Plaza Ravinia that was sold on June 29, 2017. See note 4.

⁽¹²⁾This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The first one-year extension period began in May 2017.

⁽¹³⁾This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The first one-year extension period began in June 2017.

⁽¹⁴⁾This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The first one-year extension period began in July 2017.

⁽¹⁵⁾This mortgage loan has two one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions.

⁽¹⁶⁾This mortgage loan has three one-year extension options, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The second one-year extension period began in August 2017.

⁽¹⁷⁾This mortgage loan had a $20.6 million pay down of principal related to the sale of the Embassy Suites Syracuse that was sold on March 6, 2017. See note 4.

⁽¹⁸⁾A portion of this mortgage loan at December 31, 2016 relates to the Embassy Suites Syracuse that was sold on March 6, 2017. See note 4.

On February 1, 2017, we repaid $20.2 million of principal on our mortgage loan partially secured by the Renaissance Portsmouth. This hotel property was sold on February 1, 2017.

On March 6, 2017, we repaid $20.6 million of principal on our mortgage loan partially secured by the Embassy Suites Syracuse. This hotel property was sold on March 6, 2017.

On May 10, 2017, we refinanced a $105.0 million mortgage loan, secured by the Renaissance Nashville in Nashville, Tennessee and the Westin in Princeton, New Jersey. The new mortgage loan totals $181.0 million, of which our initial advance was $164.7 million with future advances totaling $16.3 million as reimbursement for capital expenditures. The mortgage loan is interest only and provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 3.00%. Beginning on July 1, 2020, quarterly principal payments of $750,000 are due. The stated maturity is June 2022, with no extension options.

On May 24, 2017, we refinanced a $15.7 million mortgage loan, secured by the Hotel Indigo (“Indigo Atlanta”) in Atlanta, Georgia. The new mortgage loan totals $16.1 million. The mortgage loan is interest only and provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.90% for the first two years with a 30-year amortization schedule based on a 6% interest rate starting in the third year. The stated maturity is May 2020, with two one-year extension options.

On June 29, 2017, we repaid $78.7 million of principal on our mortgage loan partially secured by the Crowne Plaza Ravinia. This hotel property was sold on June 29, 2017.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized premium amortization of $185,000 and $1.8 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recognized premium amortization of $527,000 and $1.6 million, respectively. The amortization of the premium is computed using a method that approximates the effective interest method, which is included in interest expense and amortization of premiums and loan costs in the consolidated statements of operations.

We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under various debt and related agreements. If we violate covenants in any debt or related agreement, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. The assets of certain of our subsidiaries are pledged under non-recourse indebtedness and are not available to satisfy the debts and other obligations of Ashford Trust or Ashford Trust OP, our operating partnership, and the liabilities of such subsidiaries do not constitute the obligations of Ashford Trust or Ashford Trust OP. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt and related agreements as amended.

7. Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per common share is calculated using the two-class method by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss)

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

per common share is calculated using the two-class method, or treasury stock method if more dilutive, and reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares, whereby such exercise or conversion would result in lower income per share.

The following table reconciles the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Income (loss) allocated to common stockholders:
Income (loss) attributable to the Company	$	(21,808	)	$	(20,145	)	$	(37,037	)	$	619
Less: Dividends on preferred stock	(11,440		)	(8,875		)	(33,352		)	(25,856		)
Less: Extinguishment of issuance costs upon redemption of preferred stock	(4,507		)	(6,124		)	(4,507		)	(6,124		)
Less: Dividends on common stock	(11,439		)	(11,345		)	(34,316		)	(34,018		)
Less: Dividends on unvested performance stock units	(98		)	(40		)	(294		)	(120		)
Less: Dividends on unvested restricted shares	(251		)	(197		)	(709		)	(548		)
Undistributed income (loss)	(49,543		)	(46,726		)	(110,215		)	(66,047		)
Add back: Dividends on common stock	11,439			11,345			34,316			34,018
Distributed and undistributed income (loss) - basic and diluted	$	(38,104	)	$	(35,381	)	$	(75,899	)	$	(32,029	)

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	95,332			94,531			95,169			94,384

Basic income (loss) per share:
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders per share	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.34	)

Diluted income (loss) per share:
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders per share	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.37	)	$	(0.80	)	$	(0.34	)

Due to the anti-dilutive effect, the computation of diluted income (loss) per share does not reflect adjustments for the following items (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Income (loss) allocated to common stockholders is not adjusted for:
Income (loss) allocated to unvested restricted shares	$	251		$	197		$	709		$	548
Income (loss) allocated to unvested performance stock units	98			40			294			120
Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest in operating partnership units	(6,940		)	(5,009		)	(13,202		)	(2,745		)
Total	$	(6,591	)	$	(4,772	)	$	(12,199	)	$	(2,077	)

Weighted average diluted shares are not adjusted for:
Effect of unvested restricted shares	368			479			284			334
Effect of unvested performance stock units	250			41			97			24
Effect of assumed conversion of operating partnership units	17,551			19,252			17,367			19,046
Effect of incentive fee shares	277			—			287			—
Total	18,446			19,772			18,035			19,404

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

8. Derivative Instruments and Hedging

Interest Rate Derivatives—We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and financial markets. To manage these risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our debt and our cash flows. The interest rate derivatives currently include interest rate caps and interest rate floors. These derivatives are subject to master netting settlement arrangements. To mitigate the nonperformance risk, we routinely use a third party’s analysis of the creditworthiness of the counterparties, which supports our belief that the counterparties’ nonperformance risk is limited. All derivatives are recorded at fair value.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we entered into interest rate caps with notional amounts totaling $2.1 billion and strike rates ranging from 1.50% to 5.84%. These interest rate caps had effective dates from February 2017 to August 2017, maturity dates from February 2018 to June 2019, and a total cost of $633,000. In September 2017, we entered into an interest rate floor with a notional amount of $4.0 billion and a strike rate of 1%. This interest rate floor has a termination date of March 2019 and a total cost of $163,000. These instruments were not designated as cash flow hedges.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we entered into interest rate caps with notional amounts totaling $628.5 million and strike rates ranging from 2.00% to 4.50%. These interest rate caps had effective dates from February 2016 to August 2016, termination dates from February 2017 to December 2017, and a total cost of $104,000. These instruments were not designated as cash flow hedges.

As of September 30, 2017, we held interest rate caps with notional amounts totaling $3.4 billion and strike rates ranging from 1.50% to 5.84%. These instruments had maturity dates ranging from December 2017 to June 2019. These instruments cap the interest rates on our mortgage loans with principal balances of $3.3 billion and maturity dates from December 2017 to June 2022. As of September 30, 2017, we held interest rate floors with notional amounts totaling $10.0 billion and strike rates ranging from (0.25)% to 1%. These instruments have termination dates ranging from March 2019 to July 2020.

Credit Default Swap Derivatives—We use credit default swaps to hedge financial and capital market risk. A credit default swap is a derivative contract that functions like an insurance policy against the credit risk of an entity or obligation. The seller of protection assumes the credit risk of the reference obligation from the buyer (us) of protection in exchange for annual premium payments. If a default or a loss, as defined in the credit default swap agreements, occurs on the underlying bonds, then the buyer of protection is protected against those losses. The only liability for us, the buyer, is the annual premium and any change in value of the underlying CMBX index (if the trade is terminated prior to maturity). For all CMBX trades completed to date, we were the buyer of protection. Credit default swaps are subject to master-netting settlement arrangements and credit support annexes. As of September 30, 2017, we held credit default swaps with notional amounts totaling $212.5 million. These credit default swaps had effective dates from February 2015 to August 2017 and expected maturity dates from October 2023 to October 2026. Assuming the underlying bonds pay off at par over their remaining average life, our total exposure for these trades was approximately $8.4 million as of September 30, 2017. Cash collateral is posted by us as well as our counterparties. We offset the fair value of the derivative and the obligation/right to return/reclaim cash collateral. The change in market value of credit default swaps is settled net through posting cash collateral or reclaiming cash collateral between us and our counterparties when the change in market value is over $250,000.

Options on Futures Contracts—During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we purchased options on Eurodollar futures for a total cost of $250,000 and maturity date of June 2017. There were no purchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

9. Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Hierarchy—For disclosure purposes, financial instruments, whether measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis or not measured at fair value, are classified in a hierarchy consisting of three levels based on the observability of valuation inputs in the market place as discussed below:


•	Level 1: Fair value measurements that are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that we have the ability to access for identical assets or liabilities. Market price data generally is obtained from exchange or dealer markets.

•

Level 2: Fair value measurements based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

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(unaudited)


•	Level 3: Fair value measurements based on valuation techniques that use significant inputs that are unobservable. The circumstances for using these measurements include those in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

Fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts/payments and the discounted expected variable cash payments/receipts. Fair values of interest rate caps, floors, flooridors, and corridors are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates fell below the strike rates of the floors or rise above the strike rates of the caps. Variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts and payments on the swaps, caps, and floors are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR forward curves) and volatilities (Level 2 inputs). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (Level 3 inputs) to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk.

Fair values of credit default swaps are obtained from a third party who publishes various information including the index composition and price data (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of credit default swaps does not contain credit-risk-related adjustments as the change in fair value is settled net through posting cash collateral or reclaiming cash collateral between us and our counterparty.

Fair values of interest rate floors are calculated using a third-party discounted cash flow model based on future cash flows that are expected to be received over the remaining life of the floor. These expected future cash flows are probability-weighted projections based on the contract terms, accounting for both the magnitude and likelihood of potential payments, which are both computed using the appropriate LIBOR forward curve and market implied volatilities as of the valuation date (Level 2 inputs).

Fair value of options on futures contracts is determined based on the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date (Level 1 inputs). These exchange-traded options are centrally cleared, and a clearinghouse stands in between all trades to ensure that the obligations involved in the trades are satisfied.

Fair values of marketable securities and liabilities associated with marketable securities, including public equity securities, equity put and call options, and other investments, are based on their quoted market closing prices (Level 1 inputs).

When a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties, which we consider significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between levels are determined at the end of each reporting period. In determining the fair values of our derivatives at September 30, 2017, the LIBOR interest rate forward curve (Level 2 inputs) assumed an uptrend from 1.232% to 1.826% for the remaining term of our derivatives. Credit spreads (Level 3 inputs) used in determining the fair values of hedge and non-hedge designated derivatives assumed an uptrend in nonperformance risk for us and all of our counterparties through the maturity dates.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis aggregated by the level within which measurements fall in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):



	Quoted Market Prices (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting⁽¹⁾			Total


September 30, 2017:
Assets
Derivative assets:
Interest rate derivatives - floors	$	—	$	288		$	—	$	118		$	406		⁽²⁾
Interest rate derivatives - caps	—		44			—		—			44			⁽²⁾
Credit default swaps	—		329			—		942			$	1,271		⁽²⁾
	—		661			—		1,060			1,721
Non-derivative assets:
Equity securities	11,960		—			—		—			11,960			⁽³⁾
Total	$	11,960	$	661		$	—	$	1,060		$	13,681
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities:
Credit default swaps	—		(146		)	—		—			(146		)	⁽⁴⁾
Net	$	11,960	$	515		$	—	$	1,060		$	13,535

December 31, 2016:
Assets
Derivative assets:
Interest rate derivatives - floors	$	—	$	2,358		$	—	$	—		$	2,358		⁽²⁾
Interest rate derivatives - caps	—		24			—		—			24			⁽²⁾
Credit default swaps	—		2,867			—		(1,751		)	1,116			⁽²⁾
Options on futures contracts	116		—			—		—			116			⁽²⁾
	116		5,249			—		(1,751		)	3,614
Non-derivative assets:
Equity securities	53,185		—			—		—			53,185			⁽³⁾
Total	$	53,301	$	5,249		$	—	$	(1,751	)	$	56,799

____________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Represents net cash collateral posted between us and our counterparties.

⁽²⁾ Reported net as “derivative assets, net” in the consolidated balance sheets.

⁽³⁾ Reported as “marketable securities” in the consolidated balance sheets.

⁽⁴⁾ Reported net as “derivative liabilities, net” in the consolidated balance sheets.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

Effect of Fair-Value-Measured Assets and Liabilities on Consolidated Statements of Operations

The following tables summarize the effect of fair-value-measured assets and liabilities on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017				2016
Assets
Derivative assets:
Interest rate derivatives - floors	$	(291	)		$	(8,202	)
Interest rate derivatives - caps	(96		)		(40		)
Credit default swaps	(1,380		)	⁽⁴⁾	(1,854		)	⁽⁴⁾
Options on futures contracts	—				(155		)
	(1,767		)		(10,251		)
Non-derivative assets:
Equity	12				—
Total	(1,755		)		(10,251		)
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities:
Credit default swaps	(887		)	⁽⁴⁾	—			⁽⁴⁾
Net	$	(2,642	)		$	(10,251	)

Total combined
Interest rate derivatives - floors	$	(291	)		$	(8,202	)
Interest rate derivatives - caps	(96		)		(40		)
Credit default swaps	(1,092		)		(1,307		)
Options on futures contracts	—				1
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives	(1,479		)	⁽¹⁾	(9,548		)	⁽¹⁾
Realized gain (loss) on credit default swaps	(1,175		)	^{(2) (4)}	(547		)	^{(2) (4)}
Realized gain (loss) on options on futures contracts	—			⁽²⁾	(156		)	⁽²⁾
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(936		)	⁽³⁾	—			⁽³⁾
Realized gain (loss) on marketable securities	948			⁽²⁾	—			⁽²⁾
Net	$	(2,642	)		$	(10,251	)

____________________________________

⁽¹⁾Reported as “unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives” in the consolidated statements of operations.

⁽²⁾Included in “other income (expense)” in the consolidated statements of operations.

⁽³⁾Included in “unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities” in the consolidated statements of operations.

⁽⁴⁾Excludes costs of $257 and $237 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, included in “other income (expense)” associated with credit default swaps.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)



	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017				2016
Assets
Derivative assets:
Interest rate derivatives - floors	$	(2,233	)		$	4,780
Interest rate derivatives - caps	(613		)		(460		)
Credit default swaps	(2,100		)	⁽⁴⁾	(3,227		)	⁽⁴⁾
Options on futures contracts	(116		)		(270		)
	(5,062		)		823
Non-derivative assets:
Equity	(3,991		)		—
Total	(9,053		)		823

Liabilities
Derivative liabilities:
Credit default swaps	(1,450		)	⁽⁴⁾	—			⁽⁴⁾
Net	$	(10,503	)		$	823

Total combined
Interest rate derivatives - floors	$	(2,233	)		$	4,780
Interest rate derivatives - caps	(613		)		(460		)
Credit default swaps	615				42
Options on futures contracts	427				(114		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives	(1,804		)	⁽¹⁾	4,248			⁽¹⁾
Realized gain (loss) on credit default swaps	(4,165		)	^{(2) (4)}	(3,269		)
Realized gain (loss) on options on futures contracts	(543		)	⁽²⁾	(156		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(4,813		)	⁽³⁾	—
Realized gain (loss) on marketable securities	822			⁽²⁾	—
Net	$	(10,503	)		$	823

____________________________________

⁽¹⁾Reported as “unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives” in the consolidated statements of operations.

⁽²⁾Included in “other income (expense)” in the consolidated statements of operations.

⁽³⁾Included in “unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities” in the consolidated statements of operations.

⁽⁴⁾Excludes costs of $769 and $615 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, included in “other income (expense)” associated with credit default swaps.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

10. Summary of Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Determining estimated fair values of our financial instruments such as notes receivable and indebtedness requires considerable judgment to interpret market data. Market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies used may have a material effect on estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold, or settled. Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, for periods indicated, were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value:
Marketable securities	$	11,960	$	11,960	$	53,185	$	53,185
Derivative assets, net	1,721		1,721		3,614		3,614
Derivative liabilities, net	146		146		—		—

Financial assets not measured at fair value:
Cash and cash equivalents ⁽¹⁾	$	393,527	$	393,527	$	348,067	$	348,067
Restricted cash ⁽¹⁾	133,127		133,127		144,406		144,406
Accounts receivable, net ⁽¹⁾	61,677		61,677		44,934		44,934
Due from third-party hotel managers	19,230		19,230		13,348		13,348

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value:
Indebtedness⁽¹⁾	$	3,708,265	$3,541,070 to $3,913,817		$	3,773,604	$3,600,691 to $3,979,713
Accounts payable and accrued expenses ⁽¹⁾	153,772		153,772		128,309		128,309
Dividends and distributions payable	25,520		25,520		24,765		24,765
Due to Ashford Inc., net	13,689		13,689		15,716		15,716
Due to Ashford Prime OP, net	—		—		488		488
Due to related party, net ⁽¹⁾	326		326		1,046		1,046
Due to third-party hotel managers	2,627		2,627		2,714		2,714

____________________________________

⁽¹⁾Includes balances associated with assets held for sale and liabilities associated with assets held for sale as of December 31, 2016.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. These financial assets have maturities of less than 90 days and most bear interest at market rates. The carrying value approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.

Accounts receivable, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses, dividends and distributions payable, due to/from Ashford Prime OP, due to related party, net, due to Ashford Inc., net and due to/from third-party hotel managers. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. This is considered a Level 1 valuation technique.

Derivative assets, net, and derivative liabilities, net. Fair value of interest rate derivatives is determined using the net present value of expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of us and our counterparties. Fair values of credit default swap derivatives are obtained from a third party who publishes the CMBX index composition and price data. Fair values of interest rate floors are calculated using a third-party discounted cash flow model based on future cash flows that are expected to be received over the remaining life of the floor. Fair values of options on futures contracts are valued at their last reported settlement price as of the measurement date. See notes 2, 8 and 9 for a complete description of the methodology and assumptions utilized in determining fair values.

Indebtedness. Fair value of indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted at current replacement rates for these instruments. Cash flows are determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. Current replacement rates are determined by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied and adjusted for credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions, maturity, and collateral. We estimated the fair value of total

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

indebtedness to be approximately 95.5% to 105.5% of the carrying value of $3.7 billion at September 30, 2017 and approximately 95.3% to 105.4% of the carrying value of $3.8 billion at December 31, 2016. This is considered a Level 2 valuation technique.

11. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership

Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership represents the limited partners’ proportionate share of equity in earnings/losses of the operating partnership, which is an allocation of net income/loss attributable to the common unitholders based on the weighted average ownership percentage of these limited partners’ common units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership (“common units”) and the units issued under our Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP units”) that are vested throughout the period. Beginning one year after issuance, each common unit may be redeemed for either cash or, at our sole discretion, up to one share of our common stock, which is either (i) issued pursuant to an effective registration statement; (ii) included in an effective registration statement providing for the resale of such common stock; or (iii) issued subject to a registration rights agreement. Ashford Trust continues to hold 598,000 shares of Ashford Inc. common stock for the benefit of its common stockholders, and all of our remaining lodging investments are owned by Ashford Trust OP. Each common unit and LTIP unit was worth approximately 94% and 96%, respectively, of one share of our common stock at both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 as a result of the specific distribution characteristics to unitholders in the Ashford Inc. spin-off.

LTIP units, which are issued to certain executives and employees of Ashford LLC as compensation, have vesting periods ranging from three to five years. Additionally, certain independent members of the board of directors have elected to receive LTIP units as part of their compensation, which are fully vested upon grant. Upon reaching economic parity with common units, each vested LTIP unit can be converted by the holder into one common unit which can then be redeemed for cash or, at our election, settled in our common stock. An LTIP unit will achieve parity with the common units upon the sale or deemed sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the operating partnership at a time when our stock is trading at a level in excess of the price it was trading on the date of the LTIP issuance. More specifically, LTIP units will achieve full economic parity with common units in connection with (i) the actual sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the operating partnership or (ii) the hypothetical sale of such assets, which results from a capital account revaluation, as defined in the partnership agreement, for the operating partnership.

The compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company approved Performance LTIP units to certain executive officers, which have a three year cliff vesting. The award agreements provide for the grant of a maximum number of Performance LTIP units that will be settled in LTIPs or common units of the Ashford Trust OP, if and when the applicable vesting criteria have been achieved following the end of the performance and service period. The actual number of units earned may be adjusted from 0% to 100% based on achievement of a specified relative total stockholder return and specified absolute total stockholder return, based on the formula determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee on the grant date. The performance criteria for the Performance LTIP units are based on market conditions under the relevant literature, and the Performance LTIP units were granted to non-employees. Compensation expense of $964,000 and $1.3 million was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and expense of $290,000 and $458,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The Performance LTIP units unamortized fair value of $5.4 million at September 30, 2017 will be expensed over a period of 2.5 years.

As of September 30, 2017, we have issued a total of 11.9 million LTIP and Performance LTIP units, all of which, other than approximately 81,000, 31,000, and 662,000 units, issued in May 2017, April 2017 and March 2015, respectively, have reached full economic parity with, and are convertible into, common units. Expense of $980,000 and $2.4 million was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and expense of $563,000 and $1.7 million was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, which was associated with LTIP units issued to Ashford LLC’s employees and Ashford Trust’s directors and is included in “advisory services fee” and “corporate, general and administrative,” respectively, in our consolidated statements of operations. As the LTIP units are issued to non-employees, the compensation expense was determined based on the share price as of the end of the period. The fair value of the unrecognized cost of LTIP units, which was $5.2 million at September 30, 2017, will be expensed over a period of 2.5 years.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately 21,000 common units with an aggregate fair value of approximately $161,000 were redeemed by the holder and, at our election, we issued shares of our common stock to satisfy the redemption. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately 5,000 common units with an aggregate fair value of approximately $24,000 were redeemed by the holder and, at our election, we issued shares of our common stock to satisfy the redemption price.

Redeemable noncontrolling interests, including vested LTIP units, in our operating partnership as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, were $117.4 million and $132.8 million, respectively, which represent ownership of our operating partnership of 15.73% and 14.48%, respectively. The carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interests as of September 30,

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

2017 and December 31, 2016, included adjustments of $146.1 million and $144.3 million, respectively, to reflect the excess of the redemption value over the accumulated historical costs. Redeemable noncontrolling interests were allocated net loss of $6.9 million and net loss of $13.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and net loss of $5.0 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. We declared aggregate cash distributions to holders of common units and holders of LTIP units of $2.6 million and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $2.9 million and $8.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

12. Equity and Equity-Based Compensation

Common Stock Dividends—For each of the 2017 and 2016 quarters, the board of directors declared quarterly dividends of $0.12 per outstanding share of common stock with an annualized target of $0.48 per share for 2017.

Restricted Stock Units—Stock-based compensation expense of $1.9 million and $3.9 million was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and expense of $1.1 million and $3.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, in connection with equity awards granted to employees of Ashford LLC, certain employees of Remington Lodging and Ashford Trust’s directors and is included in “advisory services fee,” “management fees” and “corporate, general and administrative,” respectively, in our consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2017, the unamortized cost of the unvested shares of restricted stock was $10.3 million, which will be amortized over a period of 2.5 years, subject to future mark to market adjustments, and these shares are scheduled to vest between February 2018 and April 2020.

Performance Stock Units—The compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company approved PSUs to certain executive officers, which have a three year cliff vesting. The award agreements provide for the grant of a target number of PSUs that will be settled in shares of common stock of the Company, if and when the applicable vesting criteria have been achieved following the end of the performance and service period. The target number of PSUs may be adjusted from 0% to 200% based on achievement of a specified relative total stockholder return and specified absolute total stockholder return, based on the formula determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee on the grant date. The performance criteria for the PSUs are based on market conditions under the relevant literature, and the PSUs were granted to non-employees. Compensation expense of $806,000 and $1.1 million was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Compensation expense of $246,000 and $389,000 was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. The fair value of unrecognized cost of PSUs, which was $4.5 million at September 30, 2017, will be expensed over a period of approximately 2.5 years.

Preferred Stock Issuance & Redemption—On August 25, 2017, the Company issued 3.4 million shares of 7.50% Series H cumulative preferred stock. The Series H cumulative preferred stock ranks senior to all classes or series of the Company’s common stock and future junior securities, on a parity with each series of the Company’s outstanding preferred stock (the 8.55% Series A cumulative preferred stock (all shares redeemed on September 18, 2017), the 8.45% Series D cumulative preferred stock (1.6 million shares redeemed on September 18, 2017), the 7.375% Series F cumulative preferred stock and the 7.375% Series G cumulative preferred stock) and with any future parity securities and junior to future senior securities and to all of the Company’s existing and future indebtedness, with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s affairs. On September 8, 2017, we issued 400,000 additional shares of 7.50% Series H preferred stock pursuant to the over-allotment option. Series H cumulative preferred stock has no maturity date, and we are not required to redeem the shares at any time. Series H cumulative preferred stock is redeemable at our option for cash (on or after August 25, 2022), in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, at the redemption date. Series H cumulative preferred stock may be converted into shares of our common stock, at the option of the holder, in certain limited circumstances such as a change of control. Each share of Series H cumulative preferred stock is convertible into a maximum 8.25083 shares of our common stock. The actual number is based on a formula as defined in the Series H cumulative preferred stock agreement (unless the Company exercises its right to redeem the Series H cumulative preferred shares for cash, for a limited period upon a change in control). The necessary conditions to convert the Series H preferred stock to common stock have not been met as of period end. Therefore, Series H cumulative preferred stock will not impact our earnings per share.

Dividends on the Series H cumulative preferred stock accrue in the amount of $1.8750 per share each year, which is equivalent to 7.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series H cumulative preferred stock. Dividends on the Series H cumulative preferred stock are payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of January, April, July and October of each year (or, if not on a business day, on the next succeeding business day). The first dividend on the Series H cumulative preferred stock sold in this offering was paid on October 16, 2017 in the amount of $0.1875 per share.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

On September 18, 2017, the Company redeemed its 8.55% Series A cumulative preferred stock at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends through the redemption date, in an amount equal to $0.4631 per share, for a total redemption price of $25.4631 per share.

On September 18, 2017, the Company redeemed approximately 1.6 million shares of its 8.45% Series D cumulative preferred stock at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends through the redemption date, in an amount equal to $0.4577 per share, for a total redemption price of $25.4577 per share.

On October 4, 2017, the Company redeemed 379,036 shares of 8.45% Series D cumulative preferred shares at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends through the redemption date, in an amount equal to $0.5516 per share, for a total redemption price of $25.5516 per share.

Preferred Dividends—During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the board of directors declared quarterly dividends of $0.5281 per share for our 8.45% Series D cumulative preferred stock, $0.4609 per share for our 7.375% Series F cumulative preferred stock, $0.4609 per share for our 7.375% Series G cumulative preferred stock and $0.1875 per share for our 7.50% Series H cumulative preferred stock. The Series H cumulative preferred stock dividend is pro-rated for the number of days it was outstanding during the quarter. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the board of directors declared quarterly dividends of $0.5344 per share for our 8.55% Series A preferred stock, $0.5281 per share for our 8.45% Series D cumulative preferred stock and $0.3995 per share for our 7.375% Series F cumulative preferred stock. The Series F cumulative preferred stock dividend was pro-rated for the number of days it was outstanding during the quarter.

Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities—Our noncontrolling entity partner had an ownership interest of 15% in two hotel properties and a total carrying value of $760,000 and $756,000 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Our ownership interest is reported in equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities were allocated income of $22,000 and $4,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and income of $16,000 and loss of $16,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Restricted Cash—Under certain management and debt agreements for our hotel properties existing at September 30, 2017, escrow payments are required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt and management agreements, we escrow 4% to 6% of gross revenues for capital improvements.

Franchise Fees—Under franchise agreements for our hotel properties existing at September 30, 2017, we pay franchisor royalty fees between 1% and 6% of gross rooms revenue and, in some cases, food and beverage revenues. Additionally, we pay fees for marketing, reservations, and other related activities aggregating between 1% and 4% of gross rooms revenue and, in some cases, food and beverage revenues. These franchise agreements expire on varying dates between 2018 and 2047. When a franchise term expires, the franchisor has no obligation to renew the franchise. A franchise termination could have a material adverse effect on the operations or the underlying value of the affected hotel due to loss of associated name recognition, marketing support, and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. A franchise termination could also have a material adverse effect on cash available for distribution to stockholders. In addition, if we breach the franchise agreement and the franchisor terminates a franchise prior to its expiration date, we may be liable for up to three times the average annual fees incurred for that property.

We incurred franchise fees of $17.8 million and $52.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $18.2 million and $54.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Franchise fees are included in “other” hotel expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Management Fees—Under management agreements for our hotel properties existing at September 30, 2017, we pay a) monthly property management fees equal to the greater of approximately $13,000 (increased annually based on consumer price index adjustments) or 3% of gross revenues, or in some cases 2% to 7% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive management fees, if applicable, b) project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, c) market service fees including purchasing, design and construction management not to exceed 16.5% of project management budget cumulatively, including project management fees, and d) other general fees at current market rates as approved by our independent directors, if required. These management agreements expire from 2020 through 2038, with renewal options. If we terminate a management agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the remaining term and liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management agreement.

Income Taxes— We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction and various states. Tax years 2013 through 2016 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing authorities.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

Potential Pension Liabilities—Upon our 2006 acquisition of a hotel property, certain employees of such hotel were unionized and covered by a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan. At that time, no unfunded pension liabilities existed. Subsequent to our acquisition, a majority of employees, who are employees of the hotel manager, Remington Lodging, petitioned the employer to withdraw recognition of the union. As a result of the decertification petition, Remington Lodging withdrew recognition of the union. At the time of the withdrawal, the National Retirement Fund, the union’s pension fund, indicated unfunded pension liabilities existed. The National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”) filed a complaint against Remington Lodging seeking, among other things, that Remington Lodging’s withdrawal of recognition was unlawful. Pending the final determination of the NLRB complaint, including appeals, the pension fund entered into a settlement agreement with Remington Lodging on November 1, 2011, providing that (a) Remington Lodging will continue to make monthly pension fund payments pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement, and (b) if the withdrawal of recognition is ultimately deemed lawful, Remington Lodging will have an unfunded pension liability equal to $1.7 million minus the monthly pension payments made by Remington Lodging since the settlement agreement. To illustrate, if Remington Lodging - as of the date a final determination occurs - has made monthly pension payments equaling $100,000, Remington Lodging’s remaining withdrawal liability shall be the unfunded pension liability of $1.7 million minus $100,000 (or $1.6 million). This remaining unfunded pension liability shall be paid to the pension fund in annual installments of $84,000 (but may be made monthly or quarterly, at Remington Lodging’s election), which shall continue for the remainder of the twenty-(20)-year capped period, unless Remington Lodging elects to pay the unfunded pension liability amount earlier. We agreed to indemnify Remington Lodging for the payment of the unfunded pension liability, if any, as set forth in the settlement agreement.

Litigation—Palm Beach Florida Hotel and Office Building Limited Partnership, et al. v. Nantucket Enterprises, Inc. This litigation involves a landlord tenant dispute from 2008 in which the landlord, Palm Beach Florida Hotel and Office Building Limited Partnership, a subsidiary of the Company, claimed that the tenant had violated various lease provisions of the lease agreement and was therefore in default. The tenant counterclaimed and asserted multiple claims including that it had been wrongfully evicted. The litigation was instituted by the plaintiff in November 2008 in the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, in and for Palm Beach County, Florida and proceeded to a jury trial on June 30, 2014. The jury entered its verdict awarding the tenant total claims of $10.8 million and ruling against the landlord on its claim of breach of contract. In 2016, the Court of Appeals reduced the original $10.8 million judgment to $8.8 million and added pre-judgment interest on the wrongful eviction judgment. The case was further appealed to the Florida Supreme Court. On May 23, 2017, the trial court issued an order compelling the company that issued the supersedeas bond, RLI Insurance Company (“RLI”), to pay approximately $10.0 million. On June 1, 2017, RLI paid Nantucket this amount and sought reimbursement from the Company. On June 27, 2017, the Florida Supreme Court denied the Company's petition for review. As a result, all of the appeals were exhausted and the judgment was final with the determination and reimbursement of attorney's fees being the only remaining dispute. On June 29, 2017, the balance of the judgment was paid to Nantucket by the Company.

The Company estimates its total loss including post judgment interest and reimbursement of the plaintiff’s legal fees to be approximately $17.3 million as of September 30, 2017, resulting in additional expense of $26,000 and $4.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

On June 29, 2017, RLI filed suit in Federal District Court in Dallas seeking to recover the amounts previously paid to Nantucket. On July 19, 2017, the Company paid approximately $10.0 million to RLI mooting RLI's claim subject only to the alleged claim for attorney fees. With the agreement for the Company to pay the negotiated settlement of RLI's attorney fees in the amount of $100,000, a Stipulation for Dismissal was filed on November 2, 2017.

We are engaged in other various legal proceedings which have arisen but have not been fully adjudicated. The likelihood of loss from these legal proceedings, based on definitions within contingency accounting literature, ranges from remote to reasonably possible and to probable. Based on estimates of the range of potential losses associated with these matters, management does not believe the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, the final results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and if we fail to prevail in one or more of these legal matters, and the associated realized losses exceed our current estimates of the range of potential losses, our consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially adversely affected in future periods.

14. Segment Reporting

We operate in one business segment within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel investments. Direct hotel investments refer to owning hotel properties through either acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, all of our hotel properties were domestically located.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

15. Related Party Transactions

Ashford LLC, a subsidiary of Ashford Inc., acts as our advisor, and as a result, we pay advisory fees to Ashford LLC. We are required to pay Ashford LLC a quarterly base fee that is a percentage of our total market capitalization on a declining sliding scale plus the Key Money Asset Management Fee (defined in our advisory agreement as the aggregate gross asset value of all key money assets multiplied by 0.70%), subject to a minimum quarterly base fee, as payment for managing our day-to-day operations in accordance with our investment guidelines. Total market capitalization includes the aggregate principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness (including our proportionate share of debt of any entity that is not consolidated but excluding our joint venture partners’ proportionate share of consolidated debt). The range of base fees on the scale are between 0.70% and 0.50% per annum for total market capitalization that ranges from less than $6.0 billion to greater than $10.0 billion. At September 30, 2017, the quarterly base fee was 0.70% based on our current market capitalization. We are also required to pay Ashford LLC an incentive fee that is earned annually by Ashford LLC in each year that our annual total stockholder return exceeds the average annual total stockholder return for our peer group, subject to the FCCR Condition, as defined in the advisory agreement. We also reimburse Ashford LLC for certain reimbursable overhead and internal audit, insurance claims advisory and asset management services, as specified in the advisory agreement. We also record equity-based compensation expense for equity grants of common stock and LTIP units awarded to our officers and employees of Ashford LLC in connection with providing advisory services equal to the fair value of the award in proportion to the requisite service period satisfied during the period.

The following table summarizes the advisory services fees incurred (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Advisory services fee
Base advisory fee	$	8,579	$	8,576	$	25,934	$	25,842
Reimbursable expenses ⁽¹⁾	1,641		1,485		5,800		4,550
Equity-based compensation ⁽²⁾	4,392		1,887		7,748		4,535
Total advisory services fee	$	14,612	$	11,948	$	39,482	$	34,927

________


⁽¹⁾	Reimbursable expenses include overhead, internal audit, insurance claims advisory and asset management services.


⁽²⁾	Equity-based compensation is associated with equity grants of Ashford Trust’s common stock, PSUs, LTIP units and Performance LTIP units awarded to officers and employees of Ashford LLC.

In 2016, $4.0 million of key money consideration was invested in furniture, fixtures and equipment by Ashford Inc. to be used by Ashford Trust, which represented all of the key money consideration for the Le Pavillon Hotel. The hotel advisory services and the lease are considered a multiple element arrangement, in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. As such, a portion of the base advisory fee is allocated to lease expense equal to the estimated fair value of the lease payments that would have been made. As a result, $156,000 and $476,000 of advisory expense was allocated to lease expense and was included in “other” hotel expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. No advisory expense was allocated to lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

On January 19, 2017, AHT SMA, LP, a Delaware limited partnership and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford Trust entered into an Investment Management Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Ashford Investment Management, LLC (“AIM”), a subsidiary of Ashford Inc., to manage all or a portion of Ashford Trust’s excess cash (the “Account”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company retained and appointed AIM as the investment manager for us. The Agreement will govern the relationship between Ashford Trust and AIM, as well as grant AIM certain rights, powers and duties to act on behalf of the Company. AIM will not be compensated by us for its services under the Agreement. We bear all costs and expenses of the establishment and ongoing maintenance of the Account as well as all costs and expenses of AIM. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, investment management reimbursable expenses were $522,000 and $1.5 million, respectively, which are included in “corporate, general and administrative” expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had payables of $13.7 million and $15.7 million, respectively, included in due to Ashford Inc., net, associated with the advisory services fee discussed above. In addition, at March 31, 2017, we held a receivable from the AQUA U.S. Fund of $2.6 million, associated with the hold back from the AQUA U.S. Fund, of which the funds were received during the second quarter of 2017.

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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(unaudited)

Certain employees of Remington Lodging, who perform work on behalf of Ashford Trust, were granted approximately 173,000 shares and 131,000 shares of restricted stock under the Ashford Trust Stock Plan in 2016 and 2017, respectively. These share grants were accounted for under the applicable accounting guidance related to share-based payments granted to non-employees and are recorded as a component of “management fees” in our consolidated statements of operations. Expense of $222,000 and $439,000 was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and expense of $230,000 and $372,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The unamortized fair value of these grants was $1.3 million as of September 30, 2017, which will be amortized over a period of 2.5 years.

16. Subsequent Events

On October 30, 2017, we refinanced our $94.7 million mortgage loan, with an outstanding balance of $94.5 million, secured by the Hilton Boston Back Bay in Boston, Massachusetts. The new mortgage loan totals $97.0 million, provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.00%, a five-year term with no extension options and is secured by the Hilton Boston Back Bay.

On October 31, 2017, we refinanced our $412.5 million mortgage loan, secured by seventeen hotels. The new mortgage loan totals $427.0 million, is interest only, provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 3.00% and has a two-year initial term with five one-year extension options. The new mortgage loan is secured by the following seventeen hotels: the Courtyard Alpharetta, Courtyard Bloomington, Courtyard Crystal City, Courtyard Foothill Ranch, Embassy Suites Austin, Embassy Suites Dallas, Embassy Suites Houston, Embassy Suites Las Vegas, Embassy Suites Palm Beach, Hampton Inn Evansville, Hilton Garden Inn Jacksonville, Hilton Nassau Bay, Hilton St. Petersburg, Residence Inn Evansville, Residence Inn Falls Church, Residence Inn San Diego and Sheraton Indianapolis.

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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere herein. This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (the “Company” or “we” or “our” or “us”) cautions investors that any forward-looking statements presented herein, or which management may express orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions at that time.

Throughout this Form 10-Q, we make forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” or other similar words or expressions. Additionally, statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking by their nature:


•	our business and investment strategy, including our ability to complete proposed business transactions described herein or the expected benefit of any such transactions;


•	anticipated or expected purchases or sales of assets;


•	our projected operating results;


•	completion of any pending transactions;


•	our ability to obtain future financing arrangements;


•	our understanding of our competition;


•	market trends;


•	projected capital expenditures; and


•	the impact of technology on our operations and business.

Such forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions, and expectations of our future performance taking into account all information currently known to us. These beliefs, assumptions, and expectations can change as a result of many potential events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans, and other objectives may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Additionally, the following factors could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:

•

factors discussed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2017, including those set forth under the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” and “Properties,” as updated in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q;


•	general and economic business conditions affecting the lodging and travel industry;


•	general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common and preferred stock;


•	changes in our business or investment strategy;


•	availability, terms, and deployment of capital;


•	availability of qualified personnel to our advisor;


•	changes in our industry and the market in which we operate, interest rates, or local economic conditions;


•	the degree and nature of our competition;


•	actual and potential conflicts of interest with our advisor, Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC, our executive officers and our non-independent directors;


•	changes in governmental regulations, accounting rules, tax rates and similar matters;


•	legislative and regulatory changes, including changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and related rules, regulations and interpretations governing the taxation of REITs; and


•	limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

When we use words or phrases such as “will likely result,” “may,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

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Overview

We believe that industry fundamentals continue to predict RevPAR growth through 2017, albeit at a slower pace. We will continue to seek ways to benefit from the cyclical nature of the hotel industry.

Based on our primary business objectives and forecasted operating conditions, our current key priorities and financial strategies include, among other things:


•	acquisition of hotel properties that are consistent with our investment strategy;


•	disposition of non-core hotel properties;


•	pursuing capital market activities to enhance long-term stockholder value;


•	maintaining adequate liquidity;


•	implementing selective capital improvements designed to increase profitability;


•	implementing effective asset management strategies to minimize operating costs and increase revenues;


•	financing or refinancing hotels on competitive terms;


•	utilizing hedges and derivatives to mitigate risks;


•	making other investments or divestitures that our board of directors deems appropriate; and


•	maximizing stockholder returns via capital appreciation and dividends.

Recent Developments

On February 1, 2017, the Company sold the Renaissance hotel in Portsmouth, Virginia (“Renaissance Portsmouth”) for approximately $9.2 million in cash. The sale resulted in a loss of $43,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties” in the consolidated statements of operations. We repaid $20.2 million of principal on our mortgage loan that was partially secured by the Renaissance Portsmouth.

On February 20, 2017, the board of directors of the Company appointed Mr. Douglas A. Kessler as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, effective February 21, 2017. Also on February 20, 2017, Mr. Monty J. Bennett ceased to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Bennett remains the Chairman of the Board. In order to provide greater focus to the Company, on April 27, 2017, Mr. Kessler resigned from the Board of Directors of Ashford Prime and no longer is President of Ashford Prime.

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Kessler as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, the Company and Mr. Kessler entered into a Restricted Stock Award Agreement (the “Award Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Kessler received 359,477 shares of Restricted Stock (as defined in the Award Agreement).

On March 2, 2017, we invested an additional $650,000 in OpenKey, resulting in a 15.35% total ownership interest.

On March 6, 2017, the Company sold the Embassy Suites in Syracuse, New York (“Embassy Suites Syracuse”) for approximately $8.8 million in cash. The sale resulted in a loss of $40,000 for the six months ended September 30, 2017 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties” in the consolidated statements of operations. We repaid $20.6 million of principal on our mortgage loan that was partially secured by the Embassy Suites Syracuse.

On March 7, 2017, AIM REHE Funds GP, LP (“AIM GP”), the general partner of the AQUA U.S. Fund, provided written notice to Ashford Trust of its election to dissolve the AQUA U.S. Fund pursuant to Section 6.1(a) of the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the AQUA U.S. Fund as of March 31, 2017. Pursuant to this election, we liquidated our investment in the AQUA U.S. Fund subject to a 5% hold back of $2.6 million which was received during the second quarter of 2017 upon completion of the audit of the AQUA U.S. Fund’s financial statements.

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and provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 3.00%. Beginning on July 1, 2020, quarterly principal payments of $750,000 are due. The stated maturity is June 2022, with no extension options.

On May 23, 2017, the trial court, in the matter of Palm Beach Florida Hotel and Office Building Limited Partnership, et al. v. Nantucket Enterprises, Inc., issued an order compelling the company that issued the supersedeas bond, RLI Insurance Company (“RLI”), to pay approximately $10.0 million. On June 1, 2017, RLI paid Nantucket this amount and sought reimbursement from the Company. On June 27, 2017, the Florida Supreme Court denied the Company's petition for review. As a result, all of the appeals were exhausted and the judgment was final with the determination and reimbursement of attorney's fees being the only remaining dispute. On June 29, 2017, the balance of the judgment was paid to Nantucket by the Company.

On May 24, 2017, we refinanced a $15.7 million mortgage loan, secured by the Hotel Indigo (“Indigo Atlanta”) in Atlanta, Georgia. The new loan totals $16.1 million. The mortgage loan is interest only and provides for a floating interest rate of LIBOR + 2.90% for the first two years with a 30-year amortization schedule based on a 6% interest rate starting in the third year. The stated maturity is June 2020, with two one-year extension options.

On June 29, 2017, the Company sold the Crowne Plaza Ravinia in Atlanta, Georgia for approximately $88.7 million in cash. The sale resulted in a gain of $14.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and is included in “gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties” in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company also repaid approximately $78.7 million of debt associated with the hotel property.

On August 25, 2017, the Company issued 3.4 million shares of 7.50% Series H cumulative preferred stock. The Series H cumulative preferred stock ranks senior to all classes or series of the Company’s common stock and future junior securities, on a parity with each series of the Company’s outstanding preferred stock (the 8.55% Series A cumulative preferred stock (all shares redeemed on September 18, 2017), the 8.45% Series D cumulative preferred stock (1.6 million shares redeemed on September 18, 2017), the 7.375% Series F cumulative preferred stock and the 7.375% Series G cumulative preferred stock) and with any future parity securities and junior to future senior securities and to all of the Company’s existing and future indebtedness, with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s affairs. On September 8, 2017, we issued 400,000 additional shares of 7.50% Series H preferred stock pursuant to the over-allotment option.

On August 31, 2017, we invested an additional $333,000 in OpenKey, resulting in a 16.23% total ownership interest.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our cash position from operations is affected primarily by macro industry movements in occupancy and rate as well as our ability to control costs. Further, interest rates can greatly affect the cost of our debt service as well as the value of any financial hedges we may put in place. We monitor industry fundamentals and interest rates very closely. Capital expenditures above our reserves will affect cash flow as well.

Certain of our loan agreements contain cash trap provisions that may get triggered if the performance of our hotel properties declines. When these provisions are triggered, substantially all of the profit generated by the hotel properties securing such loan is deposited directly into lockbox accounts and then swept into cash management accounts for the benefit of our various lenders. Cash is distributed to us only after certain items are paid, including deposits into ground lease and maintenance reserves and the payment of debt service, insurance, taxes, operating expenses, and extraordinary capital expenditures and ground lease expenses. This could affect our liquidity and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders until such time that a cash trap is no longer in effect for such loan.

Also, we have entered into certain customary guaranty agreements pursuant to which we guaranty payment of any recourse liabilities of our subsidiaries or joint ventures that may result from non-recourse carve-outs, which include, but are not limited to fraud, misrepresentation, willful misconduct resulting in waste, misappropriations of rents following an event of default, voluntary bankruptcy filings, unpermitted transfers of collateral, and certain environmental liabilities. Certain of these guarantees represent a guaranty of material amounts, and if we are required to make payments under those guarantees, our liquidity could be adversely affected. In connection with the Ashford Prime Spin-off, we are still jointly and severally liable under certain carve-out guarantees and environmental indemnities associated with three loans. Ashford Prime has indemnified us in the case that any of these guarantees are ever called.

On February 1, 2017, we repaid $20.2 million of principal on our mortgage loan that was partially secured by the Renaissance Portsmouth. This hotel property was sold on February 1, 2017.

On March 6, 2017, we repaid $20.6 million of principal on our mortgage loan that was partially secured by the Embassy Suites Syracuse. This hotel property was sold on March 6, 2017.

On June 29, 2017, we repaid $78.7 million of principal on our mortgage loan partially secured by the Crowne Plaza Ravinia. This hotel property was sold on June 29, 2017.

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to the payment of dividends and the distribution of amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s affairs. On September 8, 2017, we issued 400,000 additional shares of 7.50% Series H preferred stock pursuant to the over-allotment option.

Our principal sources of funds to meet our cash requirements include: cash on hand, positive cash flow from operations, capital market activities, property refinancing proceeds and asset sales. Additionally, our principal uses of funds are expected to include possible operating shortfalls, owner-funded capital expenditures, dividends, new investments, and debt interest and principal payments. Items that impacted our cash flow and liquidity during the periods indicated are summarized as follows:

Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities. Net cash flows provided by operating activities, pursuant to our consolidated statements of cash flows, which includes changes in balance sheet items, were $178.5 million and $191.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash flows from operations were impacted by changes in hotel operations, our hotel dispositions in 2016 and 2017, as well as the timing of collecting receivables from hotel guests, paying vendors, settling with related parties and settling with hotel managers.

Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash flows used in investing activities were $6.8 million. Cash outflows primarily consisted of $164.1 million for capital improvements made to various hotel properties and an additional $983,000 investment in OpenKey. Cash outflows were partially offset by cash inflows of $105.3 million from proceeds received from the sales of the Renaissance Portsmouth, Embassy Suites Syracuse and Crowne Plaza Ravinia, $50.9 million from the liquidation of our interest in the AQUA U.S. Fund and $2.4 million from property insurance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash flows provided by investing activities were $27.3 million. Cash inflows primarily consisted of $168.8 million from the sales of a five-hotel portfolio, the Hampton Inn Gainesville and a vacant lot associated with the Le Pavillon Hotel. These cash inflows were partially offset by $137.9 million for capital improvements made to various hotel properties, $2.1 million for the purchase of land underlying the San Antonio Marriott and a WorldQuest unit and a $2.0 million investment in OpenKey.

Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash flows used in financing activities were $137.5 million. Cash outflows primarily consisted of $246.1 million for repayments of indebtedness, $80.6 million for the redemption of preferred stock, $75.6 million for dividend payments to common and preferred stockholders and unitholders, $5.8 million for payments of loan costs and exit fees, $1.3 million for the repurchase of common stock and $633,000 of payments for derivatives. Cash outflows were partially offset by cash inflows of $180.8 million from

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borrowings on indebtedness and $91.6 million from the issuance of preferred stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash flows used in financing activities were $179.2 million. Cash outflows primarily consisted of $141.5 million for repayments of indebtedness, $115.8 million for the redemption of preferred stock, $69.3 million for dividend payments to common and preferred stockholders and unitholders, $5.1 million for payments of loan costs and exit fees and $732,000 for the repurchase of common stock. Cash outflows were partially offset by cash inflows of $115.8 million from the issuance of preferred stock and $37.5 million from borrowings on indebtedness.

We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under various debt and derivative agreements. If we violate covenants in any debt or derivative agreement, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Presently, our existing financial debt covenants primarily relate to maintaining minimum net worth and leverage ratios and liquidity. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt and related agreements.

Mortgage and mezzanine loans are nonrecourse to the borrowers, except for customary exceptions or carve-outs that trigger recourse liability to the borrowers in certain limited instances. Recourse obligations typically include only the payment of costs and liabilities suffered by lenders as a result of the occurrence of certain bad acts on the part of the borrower. However, in certain cases, carve-outs could trigger recourse obligations on the part of the borrower with respect to repayment of all or a portion of the outstanding principal amount of the loans. We have entered into customary guaranty agreements pursuant to which we guaranty payment of any recourse liabilities of the borrowers that result from non-recourse carve-outs (which include, but are not limited to, fraud, misrepresentation, willful conduct resulting in waste, misappropriations of rents following an event of default, voluntary bankruptcy filings, unpermitted transfers of collateral, and certain environmental liabilities). In the opinion of management, none of these guaranty agreements, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition as of September 30, 2017.

Based on our current level of operations, management believes that our cash flow from operations and our existing cash balances will be adequate to meet upcoming anticipated requirements for interest and principal payments on debt, working capital, and capital expenditures for the next 12 months. With respect to upcoming debt maturities, we will continue to proactively address our future debt maturities. No assurances can be given that we will obtain additional financings or, if we do, what the amount and terms will be. Our failure to obtain future financing under favorable terms could adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategy. In addition, we may selectively pursue debt financing on individual properties.

We are committed to an investment strategy where we will opportunistically pursue hotel-related investments as suitable situations arise. Funds for future hotel-related investments are expected to be derived, in whole or in part, from cash on hand, future borrowings under a potential future credit facility or other loans, or proceeds from additional issuances of common stock, preferred stock, or other securities, asset sales, and joint ventures. However, we have no formal commitment or understanding to invest in additional assets, and there can be no assurance that we will successfully make additional investments. We may, when conditions are suitable, consider additional capital raising opportunities.

Our existing hotel properties are mostly located in developed areas with competing hotel properties. Future occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR of any individual hotel could be materially and adversely affected by an increase in the number or quality of competitive hotel properties in its market area. Competition could also affect the quality and quantity of future investment opportunities.

Dividend Policy. During the three month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the board of directors declared quarterly dividends of $0.12 per share of outstanding common stock. In December 2016, the board of directors approved our 2017 dividend policy which anticipates a quarterly dividend payment of $0.12 per share for the remainder of 2017. However, the adoption of a dividend policy does not commit our board of directors to declare future dividends. The board of directors will continue to review our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. We may incur indebtedness to meet distribution requirements imposed on REITs under the Internal Revenue Code to the extent that working capital and cash flow from our investments are insufficient to fund required distributions. Alternatively, we may elect to pay dividends on our common stock in cash or a combination of cash and shares of securities as permitted under federal income tax laws governing REIT distribution requirements. We may pay dividends in excess of our cash flow.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RevPAR is a commonly used measure within the hotel industry to evaluate hotel operations. RevPAR is defined as the product of the ADR charged and the average daily occupancy achieved. RevPAR does not include revenues from food and beverage or parking, telephone, or other guest services generated by the property. Although RevPAR does not include these ancillary revenues, it is generally considered the leading indicator of core revenues for many hotels. We also use RevPAR to compare the results of our hotel properties between periods and to analyze results of our comparable hotel properties (comparable hotel properties represent hotel properties we have owned for the entire period). RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in occupancy are generally accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating costs. RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in ADR are generally accompanied by increases in limited categories of operating costs, such as management fees and franchise fees.

The following table summarizes changes in key line items from our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Favorable/ (Unfavorable) Change			Nine Months Ended September 30,						Favorable/ (Unfavorable) Change
	2017			2016			Favorable/ (Unfavorable) Change			2017			2016			Favorable/ (Unfavorable) Change
Total revenue	$	353,325		$	371,931		$	(18,606	)	$	1,097,704		$	1,150,373		$	(52,669	)
Total hotel operating expenses	(226,571		)	(234,553		)	7,982			(688,554		)	(714,692		)	26,138
Property taxes, insurance and other	(18,194		)	(17,172		)	(1,022		)	(55,293		)	(55,077		)	(216		)
Depreciation and amortization	(60,135		)	(60,170		)	35			(185,380		)	(182,411		)	(2,969		)
Impairment charges	(1,785		)	(4,922		)	3,137			(1,785		)	(4,695		)	2,910
Transaction costs	—			(124		)	124			(11		)	(201		)	190
Advisory services fee	(14,612		)	(11,948		)	(2,664		)	(39,482		)	(34,927		)	(4,555		)
Corporate general and administrative	(2,412		)	(1,968		)	(444		)	(10,836		)	(6,426		)	(4,410		)
Operating income (loss)	29,616			41,074			(11,458		)	116,363			151,944			(35,581		)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entities	(679		)	(560		)	(119		)	(3,580		)	(4,432		)	852
Interest income	706			92			614			1,460			229			1,231
Gain (loss) on sale of hotel properties	15			1,448			(1,433		)	14,024			24,428			(10,404		)
Other income (expense)	(273		)	(926		)	653			(3,539		)	(4,263		)	724
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs	(56,963		)	(55,762		)	(1,201		)	(167,224		)	(168,167		)	943
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees	—			(972		)	972			(1,629		)	(4,913		)	3,284
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	(936		)	—			(936		)	(4,813		)	—			(4,813		)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives	(1,479		)	(9,548		)	8,069			(1,804		)	4,248			(6,052		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	1,267			16			1,251			507			(1,216		)	1,723
Net income (loss)	(28,726		)	(25,138		)	(3,588		)	(50,235		)	(2,142		)	(48,093		)
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interests	(22		)	(16		)	(6		)	(4		)	16			(20		)
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	6,940			5,009			1,931			13,202			2,745			10,457
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company	$	(21,808	)	$	(20,145	)	$	(1,663	)	$	(37,037	)	$	619		$	(37,656	)

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All hotel properties owned during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 have been included in our results of operations during the respective periods in which they were owned. Based on when a hotel property was acquired or disposed, operating results for certain hotel properties are not comparable for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The hotel properties listed below are not comparable hotel properties for the periods indicated and all other hotel properties are considered comparable hotel properties. The following dispositions affect reporting comparability related to our consolidated financial statements:



Hotel Property	Location	Type	Date
5-hotel portfolio⁽¹⁾	Various	Disposition	June 1, 2016
Hampton Inn & Suites⁽¹⁾	Gainesville, FL	Disposition	September 1, 2016
SpringHill Suites Gaithersburg⁽¹⁾	Gaithersburg, MD	Disposition	October 1, 2016
2-hotel portfolio⁽¹⁾	Palm Desert, CA	Disposition	October 7, 2016
Renaissance ⁽¹⁾	Portsmouth, VA	Disposition	February 1, 2017
Embassy Suites ⁽¹⁾	Syracuse, NY	Disposition	March 6, 2017
Crowne Plaza Ravinia ⁽¹⁾	Atlanta, GA	Disposition	June 29, 2017

____________________________________

⁽¹⁾Collectively reported as “Hotel Dispositions”

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of all hotel properties and WorldQuest owned for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
RevPAR (revenue per available room)	$	124.33		$	122.24		$	125.12		$	121.51
Occupancy	79.60		%	79.36		%	78.52		%	78.47		%
ADR (average daily rate)	$	156.19		$	154.02		$	159.34		$	154.84

The following table illustrates the key performance indicators of the 120 comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest that were included for the full three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
RevPAR (revenue per available room)	$	124.33		$	124.42		$	125.81		$	124.3
Occupancy	79.60		%	79.65		%	78.68		%	78.63		%
ADR (average daily rate)	$	156.19		$	156.22		$	159.90		$	158.09

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Company. Net income (loss) attributable to the Company increased $1.7 million, from a net loss of $20.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, (the “2016 quarter”) to a net loss of $21.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, (the “2017 quarter”) as a result of the factors discussed below.

Revenue. Rooms revenue from our hotel properties and WorldQuest decreased $11.9 million, or 3.9%, to $289.0 million in the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. This decrease is primarily attributable to lower rooms revenue of $11.6 million related to our Hotel Dispositions and lower rooms revenue of $240,000 from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, which experienced a decrease of 5 basis points in occupancy.

Food and beverage revenue decreased $7.9 million, or 14.0%, to $48.3 million. This decrease is attributable to lower food and beverage revenue of $5.5 million from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, primarily attributable to approximately $1.0 million associated with the renovation of the DFW Airport Marriott in Irving, Texas and unfavorable year over year changes in the Jewish and July 4th holiday calendar, as well as lower food and beverage revenue of $2.4 million related to our Hotel Dispositions.

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Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of Internet access, parking and spa, increased $617,000, or 4.3%, to $15.0 million. This increase is attributable to higher other hotel revenue of $917,000 from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, partially offset by lower other hotel revenue of $300,000 related to our Hotel Dispositions. Other non-hotel revenue increased $528,000, or 114.5%, to $989,000 in the 2017 quarter as compared to the 2016 quarter.

Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses decreased $8.0 million, or 3.4%, to $226.6 million. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and management fees. We experienced a decrease of $5.5 million in direct expenses in the 2017 quarter as compared to the 2016 quarter, which was comprised of a decrease of $4.6 million related to our Hotel Dispositions and a decrease of $931,000 from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest. Direct expenses were 30.3% of total hotel revenue for the 2017 quarter and 30.2% for the 2016 quarter. We experienced a decrease of $2.5 million in indirect expenses and management fees in the 2017 quarter as compared to the 2016 quarter, which was comprised of a decrease of $4.8 million from our Hotel Dispositions, partially offset by an increase of $2.3 million from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest. The increase from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest is primarily attributable to uninsured hurricane related costs of $3.7 million.

Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other increased $1.0 million, or 6.0%, to $18.2 million during the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.8 million from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, partially offset by a $738,000 decrease from our Hotel Dispositions.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $35,000, or 0.1%, to $60.1 million during the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $2.1 million related to our Hotel Dispositions partially offset by an increase of $2.0 million of depreciation and amortization at our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest.

Impairment Charges. Impairment charges decreased $3.1 million, or 63.7%, to $1.8 million in the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. We recorded an impairment charge of $1.8 million in the 2017 quarter for damages to hotel properties from Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. We recorded an impairment charge of $4.9 million in the 2016 quarter, which is comprised of an impairment charge of $5.0 million on the SpringHill Suites Gaithersburg, partially offset by an impairment credit of $117,000 related to a valuation adjustment on a previously impaired mezzanine loan.

Transaction Costs. Transaction costs decreased $124,000, or 100.0%, to $0 during the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter.

Advisory Services Fee. Advisory services fee increased $2.7 million, or 22.3%, to $14.6 million in the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter, which represented fees paid in connection with the advisory agreement between Ashford Inc. and the Company. For the 2017 quarter, the advisory services fee was comprised of a base advisory fee of $8.6 million, reimbursable expenses of $1.6 million and equity-based compensation of $4.4 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. For the 2016 quarter, the advisory services fee was comprised of a base advisory fee of $8.6 million, reimbursable expenses of $1.5 million and equity-based compensation of $1.9 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc.

Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expense increased $444,000, or 22.6%, to $2.4 million during the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. The increase was primarily attributable to higher public company costs, office expenses, professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses of $388,000 and $56,000 of transaction, acquisition and management conversion costs in the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter.

Equity in Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Entities. We recorded equity in loss of unconsolidated entities of $679,000 and $560,000 for the 2017 and 2016 quarters, respectively. The 2017 quarter included equity in loss of $568,000 from Ashford Inc. and $111,000 from OpenKey. The 2016 quarter included equity in loss of $395,000 from the AQUA U.S. Fund, $85,000 from Ashford Inc. and $80,000 from OpenKey.

Interest Income. Interest income was $706,000 and $92,000 for the 2017 quarter and the 2016 quarter, respectively.

Gain (Loss) on Sale of Hotel Properties. Gain on sale of hotel properties was $15,000 and $1.4 million in the 2017 and 2016 quarters, respectively. The gain in the 2017 quarter was related to the sale of the Crowne Plaza Ravinia. The gain in the 2016 quarter was related to the sale of the Hampton Inn Gainesville.

Other Income (Expense). Other expense decreased $653,000, or 70.5%, to $273,000 during the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. In the 2017 quarter, we recognized realized losses of $1.2 million related to the termination of a CMBX tranche and $257,000 related to CMBX premiums and usage fees, partially offset by a realized gain of $948,000 related to marketable securities, dividend income of $109,000 and miscellaneous income of $102,000. In the 2016 quarter, we recognized a realized

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loss of $547,000 related to the termination of a CMBX tranche, a realized loss of $156,000 related to the maturity of options on futures contracts and $237,000 of CMBX premiums and usage fees.

Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs increased $1.2 million, or 2.2%, to $57.0 million during the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. The increase is primarily due to higher interest expense and amortization of loan costs of $4.3 million from refinances and an increase in LIBOR rates on our comparable hotels properties, partially offset by lower interest expense and amortization of loan costs of $3.1 million from our Hotel Dispositions. The average LIBOR rates in the 2017 quarter and the 2016 quarter were 1.23% and 0.51%, respectively.

Write-off of Premiums, Loan Costs and Exit Fees. Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees decreased $1.0 million, or 100.0%, to $0 during the 2017 quarter compared to the 2016 quarter. In the 2016 quarter, we incurred write-off of loan costs and exit fees of $972,000 resulting from the write-off of unamortized loan costs of $460,000 and exit fees of $512,000 related to the sale of the Hampton Inn Gainesville.

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities. Unrealized loss on marketable securities was $936,000 in the 2017 quarter, which was based on changes in closing market prices during the quarter. There was no unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities in the 2016 quarter.

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives. Unrealized loss on derivatives decreased $8.1 million, from $9.5 million in the 2016 quarter to $1.5 million in the 2017 quarter. In the 2017 quarter, we recognized unrealized losses of $2.3 million, $291,000 and $96,000 associated with CMBX tranches, interest rate floors and interest rate caps, respectively. These unrealized losses were partially offset by an unrealized gain of $1.2 million associated with the reclassification to other income (expense) for the recognition of a realized loss from a CMBX tranche termination. In the 2016 quarter, we recorded unrealized losses of $8.2 million, $1.9 million, $155,000 and $40,000 on interest rate floors, open CMBX tranches, options on futures contracts and interest rate derivatives, respectively. These unrealized losses were partially offset by unrealized gains of $547,000 and $156,000 associated with the reclassification to other income (expense) for the recognition of a realized loss from a CMBX tranche termination and maturity of an option on futures contracts, respectively. The fair value of interest rate floors and interest rate derivatives are primarily based on movements in the LIBOR forward curve and the passage of time. The fair value of options on futures contracts is determined based on the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date. The fair value of credit default swaps is based on the change in value of CMBX indices.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit. Income tax benefit increased $1.3 million, from $16,000 in the 2016 quarter to $1.3 million in the 2017 quarter. The increase in income tax benefit is primarily due to a decrease in taxable income recognized by our TRS entities.

(Income) Loss from Consolidated Entities Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. Our noncontrolling interest partner in consolidated entities was allocated income of $22,000 and $16,000 for the 2017 quarter and the 2016 quarter, respectively.

Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership were allocated net loss of $6.9 million and $5.0 million in the 2017 quarter and the 2016 quarter, respectively. Redeemable noncontrolling interests represented ownership interests of 15.73% and 14.01% in the operating partnership at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to the Company. Net income (loss) attributable to the Company changed $37.7 million, from net income of $619,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (the “2016 period”) to a net loss of $37.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (the “2017 period”) as a result of the factors discussed below.

Revenue. Rooms revenue from our hotel properties and WorldQuest decreased $40.5 million, or 4.4%, to $876.9 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. This decrease is primarily attributable to lower rooms revenue of $47.8 million related to our Hotel Dispositions, partially offset by higher rooms revenue of $7.3 million from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, which experienced an increase of 1.1% in room rates and an increase of 5 basis points in occupancy.

Food and beverage revenue decreased $13.5 million, or 7.1%, to $175.0 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. This decrease is attributable to lower food and beverage revenue of $6.0 million related to our Hotel Dispositions and lower food and beverage revenue of $7.5 million from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, primarily attributable to approximately $1.3 million associated with the renovation of the DFW Airport Marriott in Irving, Texas as well as unfavorable year over year changes in the Jewish and July 4th holiday calendar.

Other hotel revenue, which consists mainly of Internet access, parking and spa, increased $507,000, or 1.2%, to $43.7 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. This increase is primarily attributable to higher other revenue of $2.0 million

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from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, partially offset by lower other revenue of $1.5 million related to our Hotel Dispositions. Other non-hotel revenue increased $755,000, or 58.2%, to $2.1 million in the 2017 period.

Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses decreased $26.1 million, or 3.7%, to $688.6 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and management fees. We experienced a decrease in direct expenses of $15.7 million in the 2017 period as compared to the 2016 period, which was comprised of a decrease of $16.4 million related to our Hotel Dispositions, partially offset by an increase of $717,000 from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest. Direct expenses were 29.8% of total hotel revenue for both the 2017 and 2016 periods. We experienced a decrease in indirect expenses and management fees of $10.5 million in the 2017 period as compared to the 2016 period, which was comprised of a decrease of $18.3 million from our Hotel Dispositions, partially offset by an increase of $3.8 million from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, primarily attributable to uninsured hurricane related costs of $3.7 million, and $4.1 million associated with an additional accrual related to the final judgment in the lawsuit captioned Palm Beach Florida Hotel and Office Building Limited Partnership, et al. v. Nantucket Enterprises, Inc. See note 13 to our consolidated financial statements.

Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other increased $216,000 or 0.4%, to $55.3 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. The increase was primarily due to $2.9 million from our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, partially offset by a decrease of $2.7 million from our Hotel Dispositions.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $3.0 million or 1.6%, to $185.4 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. The increase was primarily due to $10.5 million of depreciation and amortization at our comparable hotel properties and WorldQuest, partially offset by a decrease of $7.6 million related to our Hotel Dispositions.

Impairment Charges. Impairment charges decreased $2.9 million, or 62.0%, to $1.8 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period, We recorded an impairment charge of $1.8 million in the 2017 period for damages to hotel properties from Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. We recorded an impairment charge of $4.7 million in the 2016 period comprised of an impairment charge of $5.0 million on the SpringHill Suites Gaithersburg, partially offset by an impairment credit of $344,000 related to a valuation adjustment on a previously impaired mezzanine loan.

Transaction Costs. Transaction costs were $11,000 in the 2017 period compared to $201,000 in the 2016 period.

Advisory Services Fee. Advisory services fee increased $4.6 million, or 13.0%, to $39.5 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period, which represented fees paid in connection with the advisory agreement between Ashford Inc. and the Company. In the 2017 period, the advisory services fee was comprised of a base advisory fee of $25.9 million, equity-based compensation of $7.7 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc. and reimbursable expenses of $5.8 million. In the 2016 period, the advisory services fee was comprised of a base advisory fee of $25.8 million, reimbursable expenses of $4.6 million and equity-based compensation of $4.5 million associated with equity grants of our common stock and LTIP units awarded to the officers and employees of Ashford Inc.

Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expense increased $4.4 million, or 68.6%, to $10.8 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. The increase was primarily attributable to higher transaction, acquisition and management conversion costs of $3.0 million and higher public company costs, office expenses, professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses of $1.4 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period.

Equity in Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Entities. We recorded equity in loss of unconsolidated entities of $3.6 million and $4.4 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively. The 2017 period included equity in loss of $3.3 million from Ashford Inc. and $341,000 from OpenKey, partially offset by equity in earnings of $52,000 from the AQUA U.S. Fund. The 2016 period included equity in loss of $3.3 million from the AQUA U.S. Fund, $959,000 from Ashford Inc. and $196,000 from OpenKey.

Interest Income. Interest income was $1.5 million and $229,000 in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively.

Gain (Loss) on Sale of Hotel Properties. Gain on sale of hotel properties was $14.0 million and $24.4 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively. The gain in the 2017 period was related to a gain of $14.1 million on the sale of the Crowne Plaza Ravinia, slightly offset by losses related to the sale of Renaissance Portsmouth and Embassy Suites Syracuse. The gain in the 2016 period was primarily related to our Hotel Dispositions, slightly offset by a loss on the sale of a vacant lot associated with the Le Pavillon Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Other Income (Expense). Other expense decreased $724,000, or 17.0%, to $3.5 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. In the 2017 period, we recognized realized losses of $4.2 million related to the termination of CMBX tranches, $543,000 on the maturities of options on futures contracts and $769,000 of CMBX premiums and usage fees. These expenses were partially offset by dividend income of $986,000, a realized gain of $822,000 on marketable securities and other miscellaneous

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income of $131,000. In the 2016 period, we recognized realized losses of $3.3 million related to the termination of CMBX tranches, $156,000 related to the maturity of options on futures contracts, $150,000 from an investment write-off and $615,000 of CMBX premiums and usage fees.

Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan costs decreased $943,000, or 0.6%, to $167.2 million in the 2017 period compared to the 2016 period. The decrease is primarily due to lower interest expense and amortization of loan costs of $6.5 million from our Hotel Dispositions, partially offset by an increase of $5.6 million from higher interest expense and amortization of loan costs as a result of refinances and an increase in LIBOR rates. The average LIBOR rates in the 2017 period and the 2016 period were 1.04% and 0.45%, respectively.

Write-off of Premiums, Loan Costs and Exit Fees. Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees decreased $3.3 million, or 66.8%, to $1.6 million in the 2017 period. In the 2017 period, we incurred write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees consisting of $1.5 million to refinance a mortgage loan secured by the Nashville Renaissance and Princeton Westin and other fees of $148,000. In the 2016 period, we incurred write-off of loan costs and exit fees of $4.9 million resulting from the write-off of unamortized loan costs of $570,000 and other exit fees of $4.3 million related to the sale of a five-hotel portfolio and the Hampton Inn Gainesville.

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities. Unrealized loss on marketable securities was $4.8 million in the 2017 period, which was based on changes in closing market prices during the period. There was no unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities in the 2016 period.

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives. Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives changed $6.1 million, or 142.5%, from a gain of $4.2 million in the 2016 period to a loss of $1.8 million in the 2017 period. In the 2017 period, we recognized unrealized losses of $3.6 million, $2.2 million and $613,000 associated with the remaining CMBX tranches, interest rate floors, and interest rate caps, respectively, partially offset by unrealized gains of $4.2 million associated with the reclassification to other income (expense) for the recognition of realized losses from CMBX tranche terminations and $427,000 associated with the reclassification to other income (expense) for maturities of options on futures contracts. In the 2016 period, we recorded an unrealized gain of $4.8 million related to interest rate floors, a $3.3 million unrealized gain associated with the reclassification to other income (expense) for the recognition of the realized loss from CMBX tranche terminations and a $156,000 unrealized gain associated with the reclassification to other income (expense) for the maturity of options on futures contracts, partially offset by unrealized losses of $3.2 million, $270,000 and $460,000 on the remaining CMBX tranches, options on futures contracts and interest rate derivatives, respectively. The fair value of interest rate floors and interest rate derivatives are primarily based on movements in the LIBOR forward curve and the passage of time. The fair value of options on futures contracts is determined based on the last reported settlement price as of the measurement date. The fair value of credit default swaps is based on the change in value of CMBX indices.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit. Income tax benefit (expense) changed $1.7 million, or 141.7% from expense of $1.2 million in the 2016 period to a benefit of $507,000 in the 2017 period. The change in income tax benefit (expense) is primarily due to a decrease in taxable income recognized by our TRS entities.

(Income) Loss from Consolidated Entities Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. Our noncontrolling interest partner in consolidated entities was allocated income of $4,000 and loss $16,000 in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively.

Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests in operating partnership were allocated a net loss of $13.2 million and net income of $2.7 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively. Redeemable noncontrolling interests represented ownership interests of 15.73% and 14.01% in the operating partnership at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

SEASONALITY

Our properties’ operations historically have been seasonal as certain properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the summer months, while certain other properties maintain higher occupancy rates during the winter months. This seasonality pattern can cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under our percentage leases. We anticipate that our cash flows from the operations of our properties and cash on hand will be sufficient to enable us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that cash flows from operations and cash on hand are insufficient during any quarter due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease revenue, we expect to utilize borrowings to fund required distributions. However, we cannot make any assurances that we will make distributions in the future.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, we form partnerships or joint ventures that operate certain hotel properties. We evaluate each partnership and joint venture to determine whether the entity is a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”). If the entity is determined

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to be a VIE, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary and need to consolidate the entity. For further discussion of the Company’s VIEs, see notes 2 and 5 to our consolidated financial statements.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

There have been no material changes since December 31, 2016, outside of the ordinary course of business, to contractual obligations specified in the table of contractual obligations included in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2016 Form 10-K.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our accounting policies that are critical or most important to understanding our financial condition and results of operations and that require management to make the most difficult judgments are described in our 2016 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in these critical accounting policies.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The following non-GAAP presentations of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, FFO and AFFO are made to assist our investors evaluate our operating performance.

EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) attributable to the Company before interest expense and amortization of premiums and loan costs, net, interest income other than interest income from mezzanine loans, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership and after adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures. We adjust EBITDA to exclude certain additional items such as gain/loss on sale of hotel properties, impairment charges and uninsured hurricane related costs, write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees, other income/expense, transaction, acquisition and management conversion costs, legal judgment and related legal costs, dead deal costs, software implementation costs, and non-cash items such as amortization of unfavorable contract liabilities, non-cash stock/unit-based compensation, unrealized gain/loss on marketable securities, derivative instruments and investment in the AQUA U.S Fund, as well as our portion of adjustments to EBITDA of unconsolidated entities. We exclude items from Adjusted EBITDA that are either non-cash or are not part of our core operations in order to provide a period-over-period comparison of our operations. We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we believe these measurements a) more accurately reflect the ongoing performance of our hotel assets and other investments, b) provide more useful information to investors as indicators of our ability to meet our future debt payment and working capital requirements, and c) provide an overall evaluation of our financial condition. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as calculated by us may not be comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA exactly as we define the terms. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to a) GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.

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The following table reconciles net income (loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income (loss)	$	(28,726	)	$	(25,138	)	$	(50,235	)	$	(2,142	)
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest	(22		)	(16		)	(4		)	16
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	6,940			5,009			13,202			2,745
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company	(21,808		)	(20,145		)	(37,037		)	619
Interest income	(706		)	(92		)	(1,460		)	(229		)
Interest expense and amortization of premiums and loan costs, net	56,934			55,732			167,138			168,078
Depreciation and amortization	60,075			60,108			185,197			182,227
Income tax expense (benefit)	(1,271		)	(16		)	(515		)	1,216
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	(6,940		)	(5,009		)	(13,202		)	(2,745		)
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entities	679			85			3,632			959
Company's portion of EBITDA of unconsolidated entities (Ashford Inc.)	(384		)	165			(20		)	(207		)
Company's portion of EBITDA of unconsolidated entities (OpenKey)	(113		)	—			(361		)	—
EBITDA available to the Company and OP unitholders	86,466			90,828			303,372			349,918
Amortization of unfavorable contract liabilities	(363		)	(543		)	(1,151		)	(1,629		)
Impairment and uninsured hurricane losses	5,496			4,922			5,496			4,695
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel properties	(15		)	(1,448		)	(14,024		)	(24,428		)
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees	—			972			1,629			4,913
Other (income) expense	273			926			3,539			4,263
Transaction, acquisition and management conversion costs	202			778			3,770			1,422
Legal judgment and related legal costs	27			23			4,091			71
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable securities	936			—			4,813			—
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives	1,479			9,548			1,804			(4,248		)
Dead deal costs	5			30			9			331
Software implementation costs	—			—			1,034			—
Non-cash stock/unit-based compensation	4,613			2,185			8,751			5,511
Company's portion of (gain) loss of AQUA U.S. Fund	—			475			(52		)	3,473
Company's portion of adjustments to EBITDA of unconsolidated entities (Ashford Inc.)	1,703			793			3,752			2,929
Company's portion of adjustments to EBITDA of unconsolidated entities (OpenKey)	2			—			4			—
Adjusted EBITDA available to the Company and OP unitholders	$	100,824		$	109,489		$	326,837		$	347,221

We calculate FFO and AFFO in the following table. FFO is calculated on the basis defined by NAREIT, which is net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on properties, and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, impairment charges on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated entities and noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership. Adjustments for unconsolidated entities are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. Our calculation of AFFO excludes write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees, other impairment charges, other income/expense, transaction, acquisition and management conversion costs, legal judgment and related legal costs, dead deal costs, software implementation costs, uninsured hurricane related costs and non-cash items such as non-cash stock/unit-based compensation, unrealized gain/loss on marketable securities, derivative instruments and investment in the AQUA U.S Fund, as well as our portion of adjustments to FFO related to unconsolidated entities. We exclude items from AFFO that are either non-cash or are not part of our core operations in order to provide a period-over-period comparison of our operating results. We consider FFO and AFFO to be appropriate measures of our ongoing normalized operating performance as a REIT. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO and AFFO do not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to a) GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO and AFFO should be considered along with our net income or loss and cash flows reported in the consolidated financial statements.

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The following table reconciles net income (loss) to FFO and Adjusted FFO (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income (loss)	$	(28,726	)	$	(25,138	)	$	(50,235	)	$	(2,142	)
(Income) loss from consolidated entities attributable to noncontrolling interest	(22		)	(16		)	(4		)	16
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	6,940			5,009			13,202			2,745
Preferred dividends	(11,440		)	(8,875		)	(33,352		)	(25,856		)
Extinguishment of issuance costs upon redemption of preferred stock	(4,507		)	(6,124		)	(4,507		)	(6,124		)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	(37,755		)	(35,144		)	(74,896		)	(31,361		)
Depreciation and amortization of real estate	60,075			60,108			185,197			182,227
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel properties	(15		)	(1,448		)	(14,024		)	(24,428		)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership	(6,940		)	(5,009		)	(13,202		)	(2,745		)
Equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entities	679			85			3,632			959
Impairment charges on real estate	1,785			5,039			1,785			5,039
Company's portion of FFO of unconsolidated entities (Ashford Inc.)	(570		)	(85		)	(3,265		)	(597		)
Company's portion of FFO of unconsolidated entities (OpenKey)	(116		)	—			(366		)	—
FFO available to common stockholders and OP unitholders	17,143			23,546			84,861			129,094
Extinguishment of issuance costs upon redemption of preferred stock	4,507			6,124			4,507			6,124
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees	—			972			1,629			4,913
Other impairment charges	—			(117		)	—			(344		)
Uninsured hurricane related costs	3,711			—			3,711			—
Other (income) expense	273			926			3,539			4,263
Transaction, acquisition and management conversion costs	202			778			3,770			1,422
Legal judgment and related legal costs	27			23			4,091			71
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable securities	936			—			4,813			—
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives	1,479			9,548			1,804			(4,248		)
Dead deal costs	5			30			9			331
Software implementation costs	—			—			1,034			—
Non-cash stock/unit-based compensation	4,613			2,185			8,751			5,511
Company's portion of (gain) loss of AQUA U.S. Fund	—			475			(52		)	3,473
Company's portion of adjustments to FFO of unconsolidated entities (Ashford Inc.)	1,580			793			6,130			2,929
Company's portion of adjustments to FFO of unconsolidated entities (OpenKey)	2			—			4			—
Adjusted FFO available to common stockholders and OP unitholders	$	34,478		$	45,283		$	128,601		$	153,539

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HOTEL PORTFOLIO

The following table presents certain information related to our hotel properties as of September 30, 2017:



Hotel Property	Location	Service Type	Total Rooms	% Owned		Owned Rooms
Fee Simple Properties
Embassy Suites	Austin, TX	Full service	150	100	%	150
Embassy Suites	Dallas, TX	Full service	150	100		150
Embassy Suites	Herndon, VA	Full service	150	100		150
Embassy Suites	Las Vegas, NV	Full service	220	100		220
Embassy Suites	Flagstaff, AZ	Full service	119	100		119
Embassy Suites	Houston, TX	Full service	150	100		150
Embassy Suites	West Palm Beach, FL	Full service	160	100		160
Embassy Suites	Philadelphia, PA	Full service	263	100		263
Embassy Suites	Walnut Creek, CA	Full service	249	100		249
Embassy Suites	Arlington, VA	Full service	267	100		267
Embassy Suites	Portland, OR	Full service	276	100		276
Embassy Suites	Santa Clara, CA	Full service	257	100		257
Embassy Suites	Orlando, FL	Full service	174	100		174
Hilton Garden Inn	Jacksonville, FL	Select service	119	100		119
Hilton Garden Inn	Austin, TX	Select service	254	100		254
Hilton Garden Inn	Baltimore, MD	Select service	158	100		158
Hilton Garden Inn	Virginia Beach, VA	Select service	176	100		176
Hilton Garden Inn	Wisconsin Dells, WI	Select service	128	100		128
Hilton	Houston, TX	Full service	242	100		242
Hilton	St. Petersburg, FL	Full service	333	100		333
Hilton	Santa Fe, NM	Full service	158	100		158
Hilton	Bloomington, MN	Full service	300	100		300
Hilton	Costa Mesa, CA	Full service	486	100		486
Hilton	Boston, MA	Full service	390	100		390
Hilton	Parsippany, NJ	Full service	353	100		353
Hilton	Tampa, FL	Full service	238	100		238
Hampton Inn	Lawrenceville, GA	Select service	85	100		85
Hampton Inn	Evansville, IN	Select service	140	100		140
Hampton Inn	Parsippany, NJ	Select service	152	100		152
Hampton Inn	Buford, GA	Select service	92	100		92
Hampton Inn	Phoenix, AZ	Select service	106	100		106
Hampton Inn - Waterfront	Pittsburgh, PA	Select service	113	100		113
Hampton Inn - Washington	Pittsburgh, PA	Select service	103	100		103
Hampton Inn	Columbus, OH	Select service	145	100		145
Marriott	Beverly Hills, CA	Full service	260	100		260
Marriott	Durham, NC	Full service	225	100		225
Marriott	Arlington, VA	Full service	698	100		698
Marriott	Bridgewater, NJ	Full service	347	100		347
Marriott	Dallas, TX	Full service	265	100		265
Marriott	Fremont, CA	Full service	357	100		357
Marriott	Memphis, TN	Full service	232	100		232
Marriott	Irving, TX	Full service	491	100		491
Marriott	Omaha, NE	Full service	300	100		300
Marriott	San Antonio, TX	Full service	251	100		251

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Hotel Property	Location	Service Type	Total Rooms	% Owned	Owned Rooms
Marriott	Sugarland, TX	Full service	300	100	300
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Jacksonville, FL	Select service	102	100	102
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Baltimore, MD	Select service	133	100	133
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Kennesaw, GA	Select service	90	100	90
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Buford, GA	Select service	97	100	97
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Centreville, VA	Select service	136	100	136
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Charlotte, NC	Select service	136	100	136
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Durham, NC	Select service	120	100	120
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Manhattan Beach, CA	Select service	164	100	164
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Plymouth Meeting, PA	Select service	199	100	199
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	Glen Allen, VA	Select service	136	100	136
Fairfield Inn by Marriott	Kennesaw, GA	Select service	86	100	86
Courtyard by Marriott	Bloomington, IN	Select service	117	100	117
Courtyard by Marriott - Tremont	Boston, MA	Select service	315	100	315
Courtyard by Marriott	Columbus, IN	Select service	90	100	90
Courtyard by Marriott	Denver, CO	Select service	202	100	202
Courtyard by Marriott	Louisville, KY	Select service	150	100	150
Courtyard by Marriott	Gaithersburg, MD	Select service	210	100	210
Courtyard by Marriott	Crystal City, VA	Select service	272	100	272
Courtyard by Marriott	Ft. Lauderdale, FL	Select service	174	100	174
Courtyard by Marriott	Overland Park, KS	Select service	168	100	168
Courtyard by Marriott	Savannah, GA	Select service	156	100	156
Courtyard by Marriott	Foothill Ranch, CA	Select service	156	100	156
Courtyard by Marriott	Alpharetta, GA	Select service	154	100	154
Courtyard by Marriott	Oakland, CA	Select service	156	100	156
Courtyard by Marriott	Scottsdale, AZ	Select service	180	100	180
Courtyard by Marriott	Plano, TX	Select service	153	100	153
Courtyard by Marriott	Newark, CA	Select service	181	100	181
Courtyard by Marriott	Manchester, CT	Select service	90	85	77
Courtyard by Marriott	Basking Ridge, NJ	Select service	235	100	235
Courtyard by Marriott	Wichita, KS	Select service	128	100	128
Courtyard by Marriott - Billerica	Boston, MA	Select service	210	100	210
Homewood Suites	Pittsburgh, PA	Select service	148	100	148
Marriott Residence Inn	Lake Buena Vista, FL	Select service	210	100	210
Marriott Residence Inn	Evansville, IN	Select service	78	100	78
Marriott Residence Inn	Orlando, FL	Select service	350	100	350
Marriott Residence Inn	Falls Church, VA	Select service	159	100	159
Marriott Residence Inn	San Diego, CA	Select service	150	100	150
Marriott Residence Inn	Salt Lake City, UT	Select service	144	100	144
Marriott Residence Inn	Las Vegas, NV	Select service	256	100	256
Marriott Residence Inn	Phoenix, AZ	Select service	200	100	200
Marriott Residence Inn	Plano, TX	Select service	126	100	126
Marriott Residence Inn	Newark, CA	Select service	168	100	168
Marriott Residence Inn	Manchester, CT	Select service	96	85	82
Marriott Residence Inn	Jacksonville, FL	Select service	120	100	120
Marriott Residence Inn	Stillwater, OK	Select service	101	100	101
Marriott Residence Inn	Tampa, FL	Select service	109	100	109
TownePlace Suites by Marriott	Manhattan Beach, CA	Select service	143	100	143
One Ocean	Atlantic Beach, FL	Full service	193	100	193

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Hotel Property	Location	Service Type	Total Rooms	% Owned	Owned Rooms
Sheraton Hotel	Ann Arbor, MI	Full service	197	100	197
Sheraton Hotel	Langhorne, PA	Full service	186	100	186
Sheraton Hotel	Minneapolis, MN	Full service	220	100	220
Sheraton Hotel	Indianapolis, IN	Full service	378	100	378
Sheraton Hotel	Anchorage, AK	Full service	370	100	370
Sheraton Hotel	San Diego, CA	Full service	260	100	260
Hyatt Regency	Coral Gables, FL	Full service	253	100	253
Hyatt Regency	Hauppauge, NY	Full service	358	100	358
Hyatt Regency	Savannah, GA	Full service	351	100	351
Renaissance	Nashville, TN	Full service	673	100	673
Annapolis Historic Inn	Annapolis, MD	Full service	124	100	124
Lakeway Resort & Spa	Austin, TX	Full service	168	100	168
Silversmith	Chicago, IL	Full service	144	100	144
The Churchill	Washington, DC	Full service	173	100	173
The Melrose	Washington, DC	Full service	240	100	240
Le Pavillon	New Orleans, LA	Full service	226	100	226
The Ashton	Ft. Worth, TX	Full service	39	100	39
Westin	Princeton, NJ	Full service	296	100	296
W	Atlanta, GA	Full service	237	100	237
W	Minneapolis, MN	Full service	229	100	229
Le Meridien	Minneapolis, MN	Full service	60	100	60
Hotel Indigo	Atlanta, GA	Full service	140	100	140
Ground Lease Properties
Crowne Plaza	Key West, FL	Full service	160	100	160
Crowne Plaza	Annapolis, MD	Full service	196	100	196
Hilton	Ft. Worth, TX	Full service	294	100	294
Renaissance	Palm Springs, CA	Full service	410	100	410
Ritz-Carlton	Atlanta, GA	Full service	444	100	444
Total			25,055		25,028

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ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our primary market risk exposure consists of changes in interest rates on borrowings under our debt instruments. The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market interest rates.

At September 30, 2017, our total indebtedness of $3.7 billion included $3.3 billion of variable-rate debt. The impact on our results of operations of a 25-basis point change in interest rate on the outstanding balance of variable-rate debt at September 30, 2017 would be approximately $8.1 million annually. Interest rate changes have no impact on the remaining $449.7 million of fixed-rate debt.

The above amounts were determined based on the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowings and assume no changes in our capital structure. As the information presented above includes only those exposures that existed at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, it does not consider exposures or positions that could arise after that date. Accordingly, the information presented herein has limited predictive value. As a result, the ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on exposures that arise during the period, the hedging strategies at the time, and the related interest rates.

We use credit default swaps to hedge financial and capital market risk. We have entered into credit default swap transactions, excluding those that have terminated, for notional amounts totaling $212.5 million, to hedge financial and capital market risk. A credit default swap is a derivative contract that functions like an insurance policy against the credit risk of an entity or obligation. The seller of protection assumes the credit risk of the reference obligation from the buyer (us) of protection in exchange for annual premium payments. If a default or a loss, as defined in the credit default swap agreements, occurs on the underlying bonds, then the buyer of protection is protected against those losses. The only liability for us, the buyer, is the annual premium and any change in value of the underlying CMBX index (if the trade is terminated prior to maturity). For all CMBX trades completed to date, we were the buyer of protection. Credit default swaps are subject to master-netting settlement arrangements and credit support annexes. Assuming the underlying bonds pay off at par over their remaining average life, our total exposure for these trades was approximately $8.4 million at September 30, 2017.

We hold interest rate floors with notional amounts totaling $10.0 billion and strike rates ranging from (0.25)% to 1%. Our total exposure is capped at our initial upfront costs totaling $9.5 million. These instruments have termination dates ranging from March 2019 to July 2020.


ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2017 (“Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective (i) to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms; and (ii) to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Litigation—Palm Beach Florida Hotel and Office Building Limited Partnership, et al. v. Nantucket Enterprises, Inc. This litigation involves a landlord tenant dispute from 2008 in which the landlord, Palm Beach Florida Hotel and Office Building Limited Partnership, a subsidiary of the Company, claimed that the tenant had violated various lease provisions of the lease agreement and was therefore in default. The tenant counterclaimed and asserted multiple claims including that it had been wrongfully evicted. The litigation was instituted by the plaintiff in November 2008 in the Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, in and for Palm Beach County, Florida and proceeded to a jury trial on June 30, 2014. The jury entered its verdict awarding the tenant total claims of $10.8 million and ruling against the landlord on its claim of breach of contract. In 2016, the Court of Appeals reduced the original $10.8 million judgment to $8.8 million and added pre-judgment interest on the wrongful eviction judgment. The case was further appealed to the Florida Supreme Court. On May 23, 2017, the trial court issued an order compelling the company that issued the supersedeas bond, RLI, to pay approximately $10.0 million. On June 1, 2017, RLI paid Nantucket this amount and sought reimbursement from the Company. On June 27, 2017, the Florida Supreme Court denied the Company's petition for review. As a result, all of the appeals were exhausted and the judgment was final with the determination and reimbursement of attorney's fees being the only remaining dispute. On June 29, 2017, the balance of the judgment was paid to Nantucket by the Company.

On June 29, 2017, RLI filed suit in Federal District Court in Dallas seeking to recover the amounts previously paid to Nantucket. On July 19, 2017, the Company paid approximately $10.0 million to RLI mooting RLI's claim subject only to the alleged claim for attorneys fee. With the agreement for the Company to pay the negotiated settlement of RLI's attorney fees in the amount of $100,000, a Stipulation for Dismissal was filed on November 2, 2017.


ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS

The discussion of our business and operations should be read together with the risk factors contained in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies, or prospects in a material and adverse manner. At September 30, 2017, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

The following table provides the information with respect to purchases of shares of our common stock during each of the months in the third quarter of 2017:



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share			Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan ⁽¹⁾	Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
Common stock:
July 1 to July 31	1,840	$	—	⁽²⁾	—	$	200,000,000
August 1 to August 31	6,438	—		⁽²⁾	—	200,000,000
September 1 to September 30	5,924	—		⁽²⁾	—	200,000,000
Total	14,202	$	—		—

____________________

⁽¹⁾

In September 2011, our board of directors announced the reinstatement of our 2007 share repurchase program and authorized an increase in repurchase plan authorization from the remaining $58.4 million to $200.0 million. The plan provides for: (i) the repurchase of shares of our common stock, Series A preferred stock and Series D preferred stock, and /or (ii) discounted purchases of outstanding debt obligations, including debt secured by hotel assets. No shares of common or preferred stock have been repurchased under this program since September 2011 and none are authorized for purchase without further authorization from our board of directors.


⁽²⁾	There is no cost associated with the forfeiture of restricted shares of 1,840, 6,438 and 5,924 of our common stock in July, August and September, respectively.


ITEM 3.	DEFAULT UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.


ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.


ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION

None.


ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS



Exhibit	Description
3.1	Articles of Amendment and Restatement, as amended by Amendment Number One to Articles of Amendment and Restatement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on May 15, 2015) (File No. 333-204235)

3.2	Amendment Number Two to Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on May 22, 2017)

3.3	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended by Amendment No. 1 on October 26, 2014, by Amendment No.2 on October 19, 2015 and by Amendment No. 3 on August 2, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on August 8, 2016)

10.1	Amendment No. 3 to Seventh Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, dated August 25, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on August 25, 2017)

12*	Statement Regarding Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends

31.1*	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

31.2*	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The following materials from the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 are formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements Comprehensive Income (Loss); (iii) Consolidated Statement of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In accordance with Rule 402 of Regulation S-T, the XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	Submitted electronically with this report.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Submitted electronically with this report.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document	Submitted electronically with this report.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Submitted electronically with this report.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.	Submitted electronically with this report.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.	Submitted electronically with this report.

___________________________________

* Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC.



Date:	November 7, 2017	By:	/s/ DOUGLAS A. KESSLER
			Douglas A. Kessler
			President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:	November 7, 2017	By:	/s/ DERIC S. EUBANKS
			Deric S. Eubanks
			Chief Financial Officer

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