UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of August 9, 2017, the issuer had 100,000,000 outstanding shares of common stock, no par value.

CH REAL ESTATE II, INC.

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2017

INDEX

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CH REAL ESTATE II, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited financial statements.

CH REAL ESTATE II, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited financial statements.

CH REAL ESTATE II, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited financial statements.

CH REAL ESTATE II, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1: The Company

The Company and Nature of Business

CH Real Estate II, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in the State of Utah on April 14, 2011, as the successor to operations as CH Real Estate, which was organized in the State of Utah on June 29, 2010. CH Real Estate II, Inc. is a real estate investment and development company.

Investment: The Company purchases Notes and Deeds of Trust from unrelated third parties, so-called hard money loans, secured by the property against which the loans are made. The Company typically receives 15% to 18% return on these investments.

Development: The Company engages in purchasing properties for the purpose of keeping them as rental properties, and/or remodeling them and selling them at a profit.

Extension Income: The Company purchases Notes and Deeds of Trust from unrelated third parties. At times, these third parties request to extend the Notes on these properties. The Company charges an extension fee to extend the note

Basis of Presentation

The condensed interim financial information of the Company as of June 30, 2017 and for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is unaudited, and the balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 is derived from audited financial statements. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they omit or condense footnotes and certain other information normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In the opinion of management, all adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information for the interim periods reported have been made. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2017. The unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In particular, the Company’s significant accounting policies were presented as Note 2 to the financial statements in that Annual Report.

Revenue and Cost Recognition:

The company has three revenue sources: real estate sales, real estate rental income, and interest income on notes receivable.

Interest Income from notes receivable is recognized as interest accrues (using the effective interest method) and is included in “Interest Income” on the statement of operations.

The Company follows ASC 970-340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs and ASC 970-360, Property, Plant and Equipment for cost capitalization policies. Costs, such as real estate taxes and insurance, we incur subsequent to acquisition and during the time we are readying the property for its intended resale are capitalized. Additionally, any costs that are clearly associated with the acquisition and rehabilitation of the property, such as legal fees, labor and materials are also capitalized. After rehabilitation of the property is substantially complete and the property is ready for resale, subsequent costs are charged to expense as incurred. When revenue is recognized and earned we charge all related capitalized costs to expense.

The Company follows ASC 360-20, Real Estate Sales, for recognizing profit on sales of real estate. We consider sales consummated at time of closing and when all the following criteria are met: We are bound, along with the buyer, by the terms of the contract; all consideration has been exchanged; we have arranged permanent financing, if any, that we are responsible for; and, all conditions precedent to closing have been performed.

The Company follows ASC 970-605, Revenue Recognition, for rental income. When a real estate property is substantially complete and is not immediately saleable we consider it held and available for occupancy and initial rental operations. We anticipate rental operations to be short-term and recognize rental revenues and associated operating costs in income and expense as they accrue. Carrying costs such as taxes, insurance, and depreciation are also charged to expense when incurred.

The Company may derive revenue from rents or through the purchase and sales of real estate properties. Rents are to be accrued when earned, generally through the passage of time. Revenue from the sales of property is recognized upon the closing of the real estate transaction and all rights have been assigned and title transfers. Costs are accumulated and recognized as expense in the period that the sale is complete.

The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or market. The Company provides for estimated losses for slow moving inventory. Reserves are estimated based on inventory on hand, industry trends, the real estate market and the expected net realizable value. The net realizable value is determined based upon current awareness of market prices.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $194,550. This condition, in addition to operating losses in prior years, raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

In view of the matters described in the preceding paragraph, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying balance sheets is dependent upon continued operations and the ability to succeed in its future operations. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence. The Company intends to continue to serve its customers as remodeler, landlord, and financing provider. There is no assurance that we will be successful in achieving any or all of these objectives.

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company” under the federal securities laws and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates.

Note 2: Loans Receivable and Interest Income

On October 30, 2015, the Company used $35,000 of its cash funds to purchase a Note and Deed of Trust from DoHardMoney.com. The Note and Deed of Trust related to a residential property in WonderLake, Illinois, and the borrower was obligated to repay the $35,000 in principal, plus fifteen percent (15%) interest per annum, within 150 days. On July 5, 2016 the borrower extended the term of this note to three months by paying an extension fee of $1,929. The prepaid interest of $2,178 on this loan which deposited in December, 2015. The Company earned interest income totaling $892 related to this note during 2015 and $2,715 during 2016. On July 5, 2016 the borrower for the residential property in WonderLake, Illinois, extended the term of this note to three months by paying an extension fee of $1,929. This note was paid in full by the borrower on July 22, 2016.

On December 17, 2015, the Company used $89,930 of its cash funds to purchase a Note and Deed of Trust from DoHardMoney.com. The Note and Deed of Trust related to a residential property in Waxhaw, North Carolina, and the borrower was obligated to repay the $89,930 in principal, plus eighteen percent (18%) interest per annum, within 150 days. As this note is currently in default, the Company reserved $44,965 or 50% of the principal balance of this note as of September 30, 2016. The expense related to this reserve is included in general and administrative expenses on the statement of operations. The prepaid interest of $6,745 on this loan was deposited in January 2016. The Company earned interest income totaling $621 related to this note during 2015 and $8,071 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. DoHardMoney.com has taken possession of this residential property as the result of the note default.

On July 8, 2016, the Company used $182,000 of its cash funds to purchase a Note and Deed of Trust from DoHardMoney.com. The Note and Deed of Trust related to a residential property in Marlboro, Maryland, and the borrower was obligated to repay the $182,000 in principal, plus fifteen percent (15%) interest per annum, within 150 days. The Company earned interest income totaling $11,375 related to this note during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. This note was paid in full December 2016.

Note 3: Construction in Progress

The Company engages in purchasing properties for the purpose of keeping them as rental properties, and/or remodeling them and selling them at a profit. Construction in progress consists of properties the companies has purchased which our currently being renovated.

Note 4: Income Taxes

As of June 30, 2017, the Company’s net operating loss carryforward was $194,550. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will expire at various dates beginning in 2031, if not utilized. The Company’s deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $77,820 and $79,411, respectively. The potential income tax benefit of these losses have been offset by a full valuation allowance.

Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and credits may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization.

The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ending December 31, 2013 through 2016. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense. The Company had incurred no penalties and interest for the periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Note 5: Related Party Transactions

At inception, the Company issued 9,600,000 shares of restricted common stock to the majority shareholder for initial funding, in the amount of $2,500.

The Company does not have employment contracts with its sole officer and director, who is the majority shareholder. The sole officer and director of the Company is involved in other business activities and may, in the future, become involved in additional business opportunities that become available. A conflict may arise in selecting between the Company and other business interests. The Company has not formulated a policy for the resolution of such conflicts.

We depend on our sole officer and director, to provide the Company with the necessary funds to implement our business plan, as necessary. The Company does not have a funding commitment or any written agreement for our future required cash needs.

The majority shareholder has advanced funds, as necessary. These advances are considered temporary in nature and are payable on demand. There is no formal document describing the terms of this arrangement (maturity date and interest rates). As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the loan balance was $344,493 and $129,493, respectively. The Company currently is accruing interest on the loan balance at a rate of 3% per annum. The total accrued interest is $35,750 and $23,691 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Company does not own or lease property or lease office space. The office space used by the Company was arranged by the sole officer and director of the Company to use at no charge.

The above amount is not necessarily indicative of the amount that would have been incurred had a comparable transaction been entered into with independent parties.

Note 6: Equity

The Company has been authorized to issue 200,000,000 common shares, no par value. Common shares are entitled to one vote per share. 

As described above, on June 29, 2010, the Company issued 9,600,000 shares of its common stock to the officer and director of the Company in exchange for $2,500.

In March 2011, the Company received $15,500 in cash for the issuance of 77,500 shares of common stock at $.20 per share for gross proceeds in the amount of $15,500.

In March 2011, the Company issued 322,500 shares to consultants for services rendered. Shares were valued at the then fair market value of $.20 per share, for a total value of $64,500, which was expensed as stock-based compensation.

The Company has no options or warrants issued or outstanding and no preferred shares have been issued.

Note 6: Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events according to the requirements of ASC Topic 855, and has determined that there were no material reportable subsequent events to be disclosed.

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may" "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue," the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, they should not be regarded as a representation by CH Real Estate II, Inc., or any other person, that such expectations will be achieved. The business and operations of CH Real Estate II, Inc. are subject to substantial risks, which increase the uncertainty inherent in the forward-looking statements contained in this report.

Results of Operations

Overview of Earnings for the three month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016.

The Company had revenues of $165,000 and $5,345 for the three month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in revenue for the three month periods ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three-month period ended June 30, 2017 related to the sale of the Clifton Colorado property. The Company had $132,041 of costs and fees related to this property and sold the property for $165,000 on June 29, 2017. The Company incurred operating expenses of $14,476 and $2,985 for the three month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Operating expenses in 2017 were significantly higher than for the same period in 2016 due primarily to professional fees related to the Company’s public filings. The Company had net interest expense of $2,465 and $1,154 for the three month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 respectively.

Overview of Earnings for the six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016.

The Company had revenues of $165,000 and $10,666 for the six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in revenue for the six months ended 2017 compared to six-month period ended June 30, 2016 related to the sale of the Clifton Colorado property. The Company had $132,041 of costs and fees related to this property and sold the property for $165,000 on June 29, 2017.  The Company incurred operating expense of $24,077 and $85,793 during the six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in operating expenses in 2017 primarily a $47,546 bad debt expense related to the reserve for the Waxhaw, North Carolina note receivable in 2016. The Company had net interest expense of $4,903 and $2,168 for the six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

Plan of Operations

The Company currently owns no residential properties. Although the Company intends to primarily engage in the purchase, improvement, and disposition of real property, it may also purchase hard money loans with maturity dates of less than a year that are secured by real property and earn above-market interest (in excess of twelve percent (12%) per annum). The Company generally does not perform a formal appraisal of the value of the security, and the Company identifies such Notes via referral from DoHardMoney.com, a company in the business of making hard money loans secured by real estate and managed by an individual that has been our Chief Executive Officer’s real estate agent for several years. DoHardMoney.com has their own underwriting standards, with the results reviewed by the Company upon referral of the loan. DoHardMoney.com’s underwriting procedure typically includes the following:

The Company does not perform any additional due diligence with respect to loan referrals from DoHardMoney.com other than a review of DoHardMoney.com’s underwriting results, and the Company makes its decision to purchase a Note referred by DoHardMoney.com based on that review.

The Company intends to use its cash flows from operations to partially retire liabilities, beginning with outstanding interest on its related party debt and then principal on that debt, as well as to purchase additional properties. As management expects that the Company will make further purchases of real property during the next year, it expects that the Company’s current cash funds and cash flow from operations will only fund its operations for the next six months. The Company intends to seek additional capital from its founder and raise additional capital through private equity financing and/or debt financing if possible.

During our startup phase of operations, we will seek to initially raise approximately $115,000 in additional capital by offering our common stock to business associates through private sales exempt from registration, and the capital raise thereby will be used to acquire additional properties, depending upon management’s analysis of the amount by which the subject properties are determined to be priced below their intrinsic values, and/or retire existing debt with the founder if we are unable to locate any such properties. If appropriate “undervalued” properties are located, we anticipate that we will be able to purchase two such properties using all $115,000 in startup capital. Our ability to do so within the projected 18-month startup phase is wholly dependent upon the real estate market and our identification of properties priced enough below their intrinsic values to justify the expenses associated with purchasing, maintaining, repairing/improving, and selling such properties. If the Company is unable to generate capital to fund operations or raise additional capital through the sale of equity, but it does locate properties that it determines offer an attractive risk-reward ratio, it will be forced to borrow funds from its founder or from outside sources on terms it considers less attractive. The startup phase of our operations will be complete when we have generated $50,000 in net profits from our operations.

During our second phase of operations, or our repayment and growth phase, we will need approximately $250,000 in available cash funds, which will be used first to retire existing debt and then to purchase additional properties as available funds permit. We anticipate generating such funds through our startup operations and through additional equity and/or debt raises. Assuming we have $50,000 in available cash funds generated during our startup phase, and have retired existing debt, we anticipate that we will be able to purchase two additional properties. We hope to earn enough from the disposition of these properties to enable us to hire a full-time real estate investor, who will assist us in locating more properties that meet our investment profile.

Our third and final phase will target debt-free growth and will be funded exclusively through cash flow from existing operations or through one or more public or private equity offerings. During this last phase, we will increase our inventory of properties and staff used to locate, improve and market those properties and will expand into other markets outside of Utah.

During the next twelve months, the Company anticipates that it will incur minimal operating expenses aside from the accounting and EDGAR filing expenses associated with being a public company. At the present time, we have not made any arrangements to raise additional cash. We may seek to obtain the funds we need through a public offering, private placement of securities or loans. Other than as described in this paragraph, we have no other financing plans at this time.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $238,229 with which to continue its operations. The cash flows (used in) provided by operations were $8,882 and $(39,408) for the periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The Company’s management believes that it is in position to fund its operation for the near term. The Company intends to seek financing via private equity investment and debt financing if necessary. Such equity investment would necessarily require the issuance of additional capital stock. We have not identified any potential lenders other than our founder who has loaned us funds in the past. Additionally, we may secure additional funds, for our growth, through our private placement of common stock. Management plans to increase the number of properties for the purpose of achieving a stream of revenue through rental properties. We believe that this plan will sustain future operational growth.

Completion of our plan of operation is subject to attaining adequate and continued revenue. We cannot assure investors that adequate rents and proceeds from out real estate transactions will be generated. Although we believe we currently are adequately financed, we may require additional financing for sales and marketing objectives to achieve our goal of sustained profit, revenue and growth.

In the event we are not successful in reaching our sustained revenue targets, we anticipate that depending on market conditions and our plan of operations, we could incur operating losses in the future. We base this expectation, in part, on the fact that we may not be able to generate enough gross profit from our property transactions to cover our operating expenses. Consequently, there remains the possibility that the Company may not continue to operate as a going concern in the long term. As described in our market risks, we are subject to many factors. Some of which involve factors outside of management’s controls, including interest rates, our ability to attain adequate financing for our property purchases, our ability to hire and retain skills necessary for the repairs of our assets, as well as other factors. Additionally, we benefit from the current market conditions of a high inventory of real estate properties and few buyers, resulting in what we believe is a below normal market price. We do expect market conditions to change, which will affect our profitability as the market becomes more competitive.

We have been funded solely by our majority shareholder for our initial purchase. These funds were necessary for our purchase. We do not have any agreement or written commitment for continued support in our efforts to grow our business plan.

Management believes that current revenue generated and recent investment commitment provides the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern and fund the strategic plan.

Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events according to the requirements of ASC Topic 855, and has determined that there were no material reportable subsequent events to be disclosed.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $194,550. This condition, in addition to operating losses in prior years, raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

In view of the matters described in the preceding paragraph, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying balance sheets is dependent upon continued operations and the ability to succeed in its future operations. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence. The Company intends to continue to serve its customers as remodeler, landlord, and financing provider. There is no assurance that we will be successful in achieving any or all of these objectives

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company” under the federal securities laws and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our financial statements are based on the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). GAAP requires the use of estimates; assumptions, judgments and subjective interpretations of accounting principles that have an impact on the assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense amounts reported. These estimates can also affect supplemental information contained in our external disclosures including information regarding contingencies, risk and financial condition. We believe our use if estimates and underlying accounting assumptions adhere to GAAP and are consistently and conservatively applied. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We continue to monitor significant estimates made during the preparation of our financial statements.

The Company’s significant accounting policies were presented as Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report. While all these significant accounting policies impact our financial condition and results of operations, we view certain of these policies as critical. Policies determined to be critical are those policies that have the most significant impact on our financial statements and require management to use a greater degree of judgment and estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Management believes that given current facts and circumstances, it is unlikely that applying any other reasonable judgments or estimate methodologies would cause effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity for the periods presented in this report.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by FASB that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. If not discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption.

As the Company is a “smaller reporting company,” this item is not applicable.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer (whom we refer to in this periodic report as our Certifying Officer), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the period ended June 30, 2017 covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as required under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred in the first quarter of 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDING

There are no pending legal proceedings in which we are a party or in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates, any owner of record or beneficiary of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities is a party adverse to us or has a material interest adverse to us. Our property is not the subject of any pending legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

As the Company is a “smaller reporting company,” this item is not applicable.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed as a part of this report:

______________

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.