The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Gray Television, Inc. (and its consolidated subsidiaries, except as the context otherwise provides,“Gray,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) as of December 31, 2016, which was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2016, and our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2017 and for the periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Our operations consist of one reportable segment. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “2016 Form 10-K”). Our financial condition as of, and operating results for the six-month period ended, June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the financial condition or results that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2017.

Overview

We are a television broadcast company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, that owns and/or operates over 100 television stations and leading digital assets in markets throughout the United States. As of June 30, 2017, we owned and/or operated television stations in 57 television markets broadcasting over 200 programming streams, including 104 channels affiliated with the CBS Network (“CBS”), the NBC Network (“NBC”), the ABC Network (“ABC”) and the FOX Network (“FOX”). As of June 30, 2017, our station group reached approximately 10.6% of total United States television households.

Cyclicality and Seasonality

Broadcast advertising revenues are generally highest in the second and fourth quarters each year. This seasonality results partly from increases in consumer advertising in the spring and retail advertising in the period leading up to and including the holiday season. Broadcast advertising revenues are also typically higher in even-numbered years due to increased spending by political candidates, political parties and special interest groups in advance of elections. This political spending typically is heaviest during the fourth quarter.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Our actual results could differ materially from these estimates. The most significant estimates we make relate to our allowance for doubtful accounts in receivables, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, amortization of program broadcast rights and intangible assets, pension costs, income taxes, employee medical insurance claims, useful lives of property and equipment and contingencies.

Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”)

We consolidate a VIE when we are determined to be the primary beneficiary. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, in determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE for financial reporting purposes, we consider whether we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and whether we have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns that would be significant to the VIE.

On January 17, 2017, we acquired two television stations that were divested by Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. upon its merger with Media General, Inc. (“Media General”): WBAY-TV (ABC), in the Green Bay, Wisconsin television market, and KWQC-TV (NBC), in the Davenport, Iowa, Rock Island, Illinois, and Moline, Illinois or “Quad Cities” television market, for an adjusted purchase price of $269.9 million (the “Media General Acquisition”) using cash on hand. The Media General Acquisition was completed, in part, through a transaction with Gray Midwest EAT, LLC (“GME”), pursuant to which we loaned GME $106.0 million that GME in turn used to acquire the broadcast licenses of the stations. This loan agreement was subsequently amended whereby the principal was increased from $106.0 million to $149.8 million. On May 30, 2017, we exercised an option to acquire the licenses held by GME, assuming $59.0 million of GME’s debt and pledging the $90.8 million of proceeds receivable from the FCC’s recently completed reverse auction for broadcast spectrum (the “FCC Spectrum Auction”). That pledge was satisfied on August 7, 2017, upon receipt of the auction proceeds from the FCC.

We believe we were the primary beneficiary of GME at June 30, 2017, because, subject to the ultimate control of the licensees, we had the power to direct the activities that significantly impact the economic performance of GME through the services we provide, and our obligation to absorb losses and earn returns that would be considered significant to GME. As a result, we included the assets, liabilities and results of operations of GME in our consolidated financial statements beginning January 17, 2017 and continuing through August 7, 2017, the date that we were no longer deemed to be the primary beneficiary of GME.

The carrying amounts and classification of the assets and liabilities of GME included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

A receivable of $90.8 million, representing the amount owed us by GME and a note payable of $90.8 million representing our loan to GME, as of June 30, 2017, were eliminated in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Earnings Per Share

We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the relevant period. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding does not include restricted shares. These shares, although classified as issued and outstanding, are considered contingently returnable until the restrictions lapse and, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not included in the basic earnings per share calculation until the shares vest. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including all potentially dilutive common shares, including restricted shares and shares underlying stock options, in the denominator of the diluted weighted-average shares outstanding calculation, unless their inclusion would be antidilutive.

The following table reconciles basic weighted-average shares outstanding to diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Our accumulated other comprehensive loss balances as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of adjustments to our pension liability and the related income tax benefit. Our comprehensive income for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 consisted entirely of net income. Therefore, a consolidated statement of comprehensive income is not presented.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method. Maintenance, repairs and minor replacements are charged to operations as incurred; major replacements and betterments are capitalized. The cost of any assets sold or retired and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts at the time of disposition, and any resulting profit or loss is reflected in income or expense for the period. In the six months ended June 30, 2017, our total property and equipment balance, before accumulated depreciation, increased approximately $36.5 million primarily as a result of property and equipment acquired in connection with recent acquisitions of television businesses. The remaining changes in the balances in the six months ended June 30, 2017 were primarily due to routine property and equipment purchases and retirements.

The following table lists the components of property and equipment by major category (dollars in thousands):

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Our allowance for doubtful accounts is equal to a portion of our receivable balances that are 120 days old or older. We may provide allowances for certain receivable balances that are less than 120 days old when warranted by specific facts and circumstances. We generally write-off accounts receivable balances when the customer files for bankruptcy or when all commonly used methods of collection have been exhausted.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 provides new guidance on revenue recognition for revenue from contracts with customers and will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance when it becomes effective. This guidance requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The standard is intended to improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities and provide more useful information through improved financial statement disclosures. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. ASU 2015-14 deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and permitted early adoption of the standard, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016. The standard permits the use of either a retrospective to each reporting period presented method, or a retrospective with the cumulative effect method to adopt the standard. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing. This ASU amends the guidance of ASU 2014-09 to clarify the identification of performance obligations and to provide additional licensing implementation guidance. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. This ASU was issued to provide guidance in assessing collectibility, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration, and completed contracts and contract modifications at transition, in order to reduce the potential for diversity in practice at initial application, and to reduce the cost and complexity of applying the standard. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Technical Corrections and Improvements. This ASU was issued to clarify the standard and to correct unintended application of guidance. We have completed our internal evaluation of the standard and determined that the adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on our balance sheets and statements of operations. We have determined that we will utilize the modified retrospective method to implement the standard. We are evaluating our footnote disclosures and expect that this standard’s most significant impact will be expanded disclosures related to deferred revenue from customer pre-payments. We will continue to develop these disclosures and the related tasks of gathering data to be disclosed, assessing our internal controls and availing ourselves of broadcasting industry related guidance.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 amends the guidance in U.S. GAAP regarding the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The new standard significantly revises an entity’s accounting related to the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 will supersede Topic 840, Leases, and thus will supersede nearly all existing lease guidance by requiring the reclassification of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We have preliminarily determined that the adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on our statements of operations. However, this standard is expected to have a material effect on our balance sheets. Specifically, we expect that, once adopted, we will record a right of use asset and lease obligation liability. As of December 31, 2016, the values of those assets and related liabilities were each approximately $13.2 million. We are also evaluating our footnote disclosure requirements. We will continue to review our contractual obligations related to this standard, to develop our disclosures, assessing our internal controls and availing ourselves of broadcasting industry related guidance.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 amends the guidance of U.S. GAAP with the intent of addressing eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. One or more of these eight issues are applicable to our financial statements. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Clarifying the Definition of a Business. ASU 2017-01 amends the guidance of U.S. GAAP with the intent of clarifying the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 amends the guidance of U.S. GAAP with the intent of simplifying how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The standard allows for early adoption, but we have not yet made that determination. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) - Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. ASU 2017-07 amends the guidance of U.S. GAAP with the intent of improving the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost by prescribing where the amount of net benefit cost should be presented in an employer’s income statement and requiring the disclosure by line item of the amount of net benefit cost that is included in the income statement or capitalized in assets. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our financial statements.

Adoption of Accounting Standards and Reclassifications

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. ASU 2015-17 requires a “noncurrent” presentation of all deferred income taxes. As required by our adoption of this standard, the affected amounts have been reclassified on our balance sheets for all periods presented.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-09 amended the guidance in U.S. GAAP with the intent of simplifying several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Our adoption of this standard included an adjustment to record the impact on our deferred asset related to the net federal and state income tax deductions for grants, and subsequent vesting, of restricted stock in excess of our book basis expense. Accordingly, we have recorded adjustments to increase our deferred tax asset and our accumulated deficit, as of January 1, 2017, by approximately $1.1 million. Beginning in 2017, we began recording similar net excess or deficit tax deductions as current tax benefit or expense and as reductions in the related income tax prepaid or payable, or deferred tax assets.

Certain amounts in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

On January 13, 2017, we acquired KTVF-TV (NBC), KXDF-TV (CBS), and KFXF-TV (FOX) in the Fairbanks, Alaska television market (DMA 202), from Tanana Valley Television Company and Tanana Valley Holdings, LLC for $8.0 million (the “Fairbanks Acquisition”), using cash on hand.

As described above, on January 17, 2017, we completed the Media General Acquisition, for an adjusted purchase price of $269.9 million using cash on hand.

On May 1, 2017, we acquired WDTV-TV (CBS) and WVFX-TV (FOX/CW) in the Clarksburg-Weston, West Virginia television market (DMA 169) from Withers Broadcasting Company of West Virginia (the “Clarksburg Acquisition”) for a total purchase price of $26.5 million. On June 1, 2016, we began operating the stations, subject to the control of the seller, under a local marketing agreement (“LMA”) that terminated upon completion of the acquisition.

On May 1, 2017, we acquired WABI-TV (CBS/CW) in the Bangor, Maine television market (DMA 156) and WCJB-TV (ABC/CW) in the Gainesville, Florida television market (DMA 161) from Community Broadcasting Service and Diversified Broadcasting, Inc. (collectively, the “Diversified Acquisition”) for a total purchase price of $85.0 million. On April 1, 2017, we began operating these stations, subject to the control of the seller, under an LMA that terminated upon completion of the acquisition.

We refer to the seven stations acquired (excluding the stations acquired in the Clarksburg Acquisition) during the first six-months of 2017 and the stations we commenced operating under an LMA during that period as the “2017 Acquisitions.” We refer to the 13 stations acquired in 2016, and that we retained in those acquisitions, including the stations in the Clarksburg Acquisition that we commenced operating under an LMA on June 1, 2016, as the “2016 Acquisitions.” The preliminary fair value estimates of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and resulting goodwill of the 2017 Acquisitions and the Clarksburg Acquisition are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Amounts in the table above are based upon management’s preliminary estimates of the fair values using valuation techniques including income, cost and market approaches. The fair value estimates are based on, but not limited to, expected future revenue and cash flows, expected future growth rates, and estimated discount rates. 

Property and equipment are being depreciated over their estimated useful lives ranging from three years to 40 years.

Other intangible assets represent primarily the estimated fair values of retransmission agreements of $21.5 million, advertising client relationships of $4.1 million and favorable income leases of $2.5 million. These intangible assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of 5.2 years for retransmission agreements, 4.2 years for advertising client relationships and 12.6 years for favorable income leases.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from other intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition, including assembled workforce, as well as future synergies that we expect to generate from each acquisition. We have preliminarily recorded $125.2 million of goodwill related to 2017 Acquisitions. The use of different estimates or assumptions could result in materially different allocations. The goodwill recognized related to these acquisitions is deductible for income tax purposes.

Our consolidated results of operations include the results of each acquisition from the date of the respective transaction. Revenue and operating income attributable to the 2017 Acquisitions and included in our consolidated statements of operations for the six-months ended June 30, 2017 were $31.8 million and $15.7 million, respectively. In connection with the 2017 Acquisitions we incurred a total of $1.0 million of transaction related costs during the six-months ended June 30, 2017, primarily related to legal, consulting and other professional fees. Revenue and operating income attributable to the 2016 Acquisitions and included in our consolidated statements of operations for the six-months ended June 30, 2016 were $50.7 million and $19.0 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, long-term debt primarily consisted of obligations under our 2017 Senior Credit Facility (as defined below), our 2014 Senior Credit Facility (as defined below), our 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) and our 5.875% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”), as follows (in thousands):

On February 7, 2017, we entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2017 Senior Credit Facility”), consisting of a $556.4 million term loan facility (the “2017 Initial Term Loan”) and a $100.0 million revolving credit facility (the “2017 Revolving Credit Facility”). Amounts outstanding under the 2017 Initial Term Loan were used to repay amounts outstanding under our prior credit agreement (the “2014 Senior Credit Facility”). On April 3, 2017, we borrowed $85.0 million under an incremental term loan (the “2017 Incremental Term Loan” and, together with the 2017 Initial Term Loan, the “2017 Term Loan”) under the 2017 Senior Credit Facility to fund the Diversified Acquisition. As of June 30, 2017, the 2017 Senior Credit Facility provided total commitments of $738.4 million, consisting of the $638.4 million 2017 Term Loan and the $100.0 million 2017 Revolving Credit Facility. Our quarterly principal payments under the 2017 Term Loan are $1.6 million.

Prior to the entry into the 2017 Senior Credit Facility, the 2014 Senior Credit Facility consisted of a revolving loan and a term loan. Excluding accrued interest, the amount outstanding under our 2014 Senior Credit Facility as of December 31, 2016 consisted solely of a term loan balance of $556.4 million. As of December 31, 2016, the interest rate on the balances outstanding under the 2014 Senior Credit Facility were 3.9%.

The 2017 Term Loan borrowings bear interest, at our option, at either the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the Base Rate (as defined below), in each case, plus an applicable margin. Until our results of operations for the quarter ending September 30, 2017 have been certified, the applicable margin is 2.50% for all LIBOR borrowings and 1.50% for all Base Rate borrowings (the “Initial Applicable Margin”). Thereafter, (i) if the leverage ratio as set forth in the 2017 Senior Credit Facility (the “Leverage Ratio”) is less than or equal to 5.25 to 1.00, the applicable margin will be 2.25% for all LIBOR borrowings and 1.25% for all Base Rate borrowings and (ii) if the Leverage Ratio is greater than 5.25 to 1.00, the Initial Applicable Margin will apply. As of June 30, 2017, the interest rate on balance outstanding under the 2017 Term Loan was 3.6%.

Borrowings under the 2017 Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at our option, based on LIBOR plus 1.50% to 2.00% or the Base Rate plus 0.50% to 1.00%, in each case based on a first lien leverage ratio test as set forth in the 2017 Senior Credit Facility (the “First Lien Leverage Ratio”). Base Rate is defined as the greatest of (i) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (ii) the overnight federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (iii) LIBOR plus 1.00%. We are required to pay a commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the 2017 Revolving Credit Facility, which rate may range from 0.375% to 0.50% on an annual basis, based on the First Lien Leverage Ratio.

The 2017 Revolving Credit Facility matures on February 7, 2022, and the 2017 Term Loan matures on February 7, 2024.

 As a result of entering into the 2017 Senior Credit Facility, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $2.9 million in the six-months ended June 30, 2017, and we incurred approximately $5.0 million in deferred financing costs that will be amortized over the life of the 2017 Senior Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $525.0 million of 2024 Notes outstanding. The interest rate and yield on the 2024 Notes were 5.125%. The 2024 Notes mature on October 15, 2024. Interest is payable semiannually, on April 15 and October 15 of each year.

On June 14, 2016, we completed the private placement of $500.0 million of our 2026 Notes (the “Original 2026 Notes”), at par. On September 14, 2016, we completed the private placement of an additional $200.0 million of our 2026 Notes (the “Additional 2026 Notes”). The Additional 2026 Notes were issued at a price of 103.0%, resulting in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $206.0 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest from and including June 14, 2016. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $700.0 million of 2026 Notes outstanding. The interest rate and yield on the Original 2026 Notes were each 5.875%. The interest rate and yield on the Additional 2026 Notes were 5.875% and 5.398%, respectively. The Additional 2026 Notes are an additional issuance of, rank equally with and form a single series with the Original 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes mature on July 15, 2026. Interest is payable semiannually, on January 15 and July 15 of each year.

 Collateral, Covenants and Restrictions

Our obligations under the 2017 Senior Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our and our consolidated subsidiaries' assets, excluding real estate. In addition, substantially all of our subsidiaries are joint and several guarantors of, and our ownership interests in those subsidiaries are pledged to collateralize, our obligations under the 2017 Senior Credit Facility. Gray Television, Inc. is a holding company with no material independent assets or operations. For all applicable periods, the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes have been fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several, senior unsecured basis, by substantially all of Gray Television, Inc.'s subsidiaries. Any subsidiaries of Gray Television, Inc. that do not gurantee the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes are minor. As of June 30, 2017, there were no significant restrictions on the ability of Gray Television, Inc.'s subsidiaries to distribute cash to Gray or to the guarantor subsidaries.

The 2017 Senior Credit Facility contains affirmative and restrictive covenants with which we must comply, including: (a) limitations on additional indebtedness; (b) limitations on liens; (c) limitations on the sale of assets; (d) limitations on guarantees; (e) limitations on investments and acquisitions; (f) limitations on the payment of dividends and share repurchases; (g) limitations on mergers; and (h) maintenance of a first lien leverage ratio not to exceed certain maximum limits while any amount is outstanding under the revolving credit facility, as well as other customary covenants for credit facilities of this type. The 2026 Notes and 2024 Notes include covenants with which we must comply which are typical for borrowing transactions of their nature. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all required covenants under all our debt obligations.

Maturities

Aggregate minimum principal maturities on long-term debt as of June 30, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

For purposes of determining a fair value measurement, we utilize market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized into a hierarchy that gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (“Level 1”) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs that require assumptions to measure fair value (“Level 3”). Level 2 inputs are those that are other than quoted prices on national exchanges included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly (“Level 2”).

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The estimated fair value of other financial instruments is determined using market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Interpreting market data to develop fair value estimates involves considerable judgment. The use of different market assumptions or methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we could realize in a current market exchange, or the value that ultimately will be realized upon maturity or disposition.

The carrying amounts of the following instruments approximate fair value due to their short term to maturity: (i) accounts receivable, (ii) prepaid and other current assets, (iii) accounts payable, (iv) accrued employee compensation and benefits, (v) accrued interest, (vi) other accrued expenses, (vii) acquisition-related liabilities and (viii) deferred revenue.

The net carrying amount of our long-term debt was $1.8 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, and the fair value was $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Fair value of our long-term debt is based on observable estimates provided by third-party financial professionals as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and as such is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

We are authorized to issue 135 million shares of all classes of stock, of which 15 million shares are designated Class A common stock, 100 million shares are designated common stock, and 20 million shares are designated “blank check” preferred stock for which our Board of Directors has the authority to determine the rights, powers, limitations and restrictions. The rights of our common stock and Class A common stock are identical, except that our Class A common stock has 10 votes per share and our common stock has one vote per share. Our common stock and Class A common stock are entitled to receive cash dividends if declared, on an equal per-share basis. For the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we did not declare or pay any common stock or Class A common stock dividends.

In each of March and November 2004, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to repurchase up to 2.0 million shares of the Company's common stock and Class A common stock. In March 2006, this authorization was increased to an aggregate of 5.0 million shares (the “2004-2006 Repurchase Authorization”). As of December 31, 2016, 279,200 shares remain available for repurchase under this authorization, which has no expiration date. On November 6, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to purchase up to an additional $75.0 million of our outstanding common stock prior to December 31, 2019 (the “2016 Repurchase Authorization”).

The 2016 Repurchase Authorization prohibits the Company from purchasing shares directly from the Company’s officers, directors, or the Gray Television, Inc. Capital Accumulation Plan (401K plan). During the three-months ended June 30, 2017, under the 2016 Repurchase Authorization, we purchased 322,038 shares of our common stock at an average purchase price of $12.39 per share, or a total cost of $4.0 million. As of June 30, 2017, $69.0 million remains available to purchase shares of our common stock under the 2016 Repurchase Authorization.

The extent to which the Company repurchases any of its shares, the number of shares and the timing of any repurchases will depend on general market conditions, regulatory requirements, alternative investment opportunities and other considerations. The Company is not required to repurchase a minimum number of shares, and the repurchase authorizations may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice.

Under our various employee benefit plans, we may, at our discretion, issue authorized and unissued shares, or previously issued shares held in treasury, of our Class A common stock or common stock. As of June 30, 2017, we had reserved 6,044,746 shares and 1,923,144 shares of our common stock and Class A common stock, respectively, for future issuance under various employee benefit plans. As of December 31, 2016, we had reserved 5,449,148 shares and 257,581 shares of our common stock and Class A common stock, respectively, for future issuance under various employee benefit plans.

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit cost for our defined benefit pension plans for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, we contributed $0.6 million to our defined benefit pension plans. During the remainder of 2017, we expect to contribute an additional $1.7 million to these plans.

During the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017, we contributed $1.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in matching contributions to our defined contribution plan, the Gray Television, Inc. Capital Accumulation Plan. During the remainder of 2017, we estimate that our contributions will be approximately $3.2 million to this plan, excluding discretionary profit-sharing contributions.

We recognize compensation expense for share-based payment awards made to our employees, consultants and directors, including stock options and restricted shares awarded under our 2017 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2017 EICP”); our 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2007 Incentive Plan”); and our Directors’ Restricted Stock Plan. Currently, there are no outstanding share awards under our Directors’ Restricted Stock Plan. The following table provides information on our share-based compensation expense and related income tax benefit for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

The 2017 EICP provides and, until May 2, 2017, the 2007 Incentive Plan provided for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, and performance awards to acquire shares of our Class A common stock or common stock, or other awards based on our performance, to our employees, consultants and non-employee directors.

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, we granted:

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2016, we granted:

A summary of restricted common stock and Class A common stock activity for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had 274,746 options to acquire our common stock outstanding, all of which were vested and exercisable. The exercise price of all outstanding stock options is $1.99 per share. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we did not have any options outstanding for our Class A common stock. The aggregate intrinsic value of our outstanding stock options was $3.2 million based on the closing market price of our common stock on June 30, 2017.

From time to time, we are or may become subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the normal course of our business. In our opinion, the amount of ultimate liability, if any, with respect to known actions, will not materially affect our financial position. However, the outcome of any one or more matters cannot be predicted with certainty, and the unfavorable resolution of any matter could have a material adverse effect on us.

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, we acquired and disposed of various television broadcast stations and broadcast licenses. See Note 1 “Basis of Presentation” and Note 2 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for more information regarding these transactions. As a result of these transactions, our goodwill and other intangible asset balances changed. A summary of changes in our goodwill and other intangible assets, on a net basis, for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 is as follows (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our intangible assets and related accumulated amortization consisted of the following (in thousands):

Amortization expense for the six-months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $12.2 million and $8.1 million, respectively. Based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization, we expect that amortization expense for the succeeding five years will be as follows: 2018, $16.4 million; 2019, $13.8 million; 2020, $10.8 million; 2021, $7.1 million; and 2022, $4.9 million. If and when acquisitions or dispositions occur in the future, actual amounts may vary from these estimates.

Impairment of goodwill and broadcast licenses

Our intangible assets are primarily comprised of broadcast licenses. There were no triggering events that required a test of our goodwill or intangible assets for impairment during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.

For the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, our income tax expense and effective income tax rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):

We estimate our differences between taxable income or loss and recorded income or loss on an annual basis. Our tax provision for each quarter is based upon these full year projections, which are revised each reporting period. These projections incorporate estimates of permanent differences between U.S. GAAP income or loss and taxable income or loss, state income taxes and adjustments to our liability for unrecognized tax benefits to adjust our statutory Federal income tax rate of 35.0% to our effective income tax rate. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, these estimates increased or decreased our statutory Federal income tax rate of 35.0% to our effective income tax rate of 40.5% as follows: state income taxes added 4.3%, permanent differences between our U.S. GAAP income and taxable income added 1.3%, and a discrete share-based compensation adjustment resulted in a reduction 0.1%. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2016, these estimates increased or decreased our statutory Federal income tax rate of 35.0% to our effective income tax rate of 40.7% as follows: state income taxes added 4.4% and permanent differences between our U.S. GAAP income and taxable income added 1.2%, and discrete share-based compensation adjustments added 0.5%, while adjustments to our reserve for uncertain tax positions resulted in a reduction of 0.4%.

On August 1, 2017, we acquired WCAX-TV (CBS) in the Burlington, Vermont – Plattsburgh, New York television markets (DMA 97) from Mt. Mansfield Television, Inc., for $29.0 million in cash (the “Vermont Acquisition”). On June 1, 2017, we advanced $23.2 million of the purchase price to the seller and began to operate the station under an LMA, subject to the control of the seller. At closing, we paid the remaining $5.8 million of the purchase price through the use of cash on hand and the LMA was terminated.

The preliminary fair value estimates of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and resulting goodwill of the Vermont Acquisition are summarized as follows (in thousands):