Years ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Earnings (loss) available for fixed charges:

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

$

157

$

138

$

88

$

137

$

(629

)

Add: Fixed charges before capitalized interest

31

9

8

7

7

Add: Amortization of capitalized interest

1

—

—

—

—

Total earnings (loss) available for fixed charges

$

189

$

147

$

96

$

144

$

(622

)

Fixed charges:

Interest expense (income)

$

18

$

—

$

—

$

—

$

—

Interest portion of rental expense

13

10

9

8

8

Total fixed charges before capitalized interest

31

10

9

8

8

Capitalized interest

—

—

—

—

—

Total fixed charges

$

31

$

10

$

9

$

8

$

8

Ratio of earnings (loss) to fixed charges

6.10

14.70

10.67

18.00

(77.75

)

(a)

In 2012, earnings (loss) were inadequate to cover fixed charges by $630 million, due to certain charges in the year.