C

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Form 10-Q

 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

OR

Commission file number: 000-50580

 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in the charter)

 

 

 

(703) 488-6100

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the last practicable date:

As of November 3, 2016 there were 27,294,397 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, issued and 23,724,695 shares outstanding, with 3,569,702 shares of treasury stock.

 

 

 

 

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Form 10-Q

September 30, 2016

Table of Contents

 

 

 

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

INTERSECTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 

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INTERSECTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except par value)

(unaudited)

 

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 

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INTERSECTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

 

 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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INTERSECTIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

 

Our business uses data to help consumers reduce risk through subscription services. We operate in four reportable segments: Personal Information Services; Insurance and Other Consumer Services; Pet Health Monitoring; and Bail Bonds Industry Solutions. Corporate headquarter office transactions including, but not limited to, legal, human resources, finance and internal audit expenses that have not been attributed to a particular segment continue to be reported in our Corporate business unit.

Our Personal Information Services segment helps consumers understand, monitor, manage and protect against the risks associated with the exposure of their personal information. Our current services include: providing credit reports, performing credit monitoring and providing educational credit scores and credit education; reports, monitoring and education about other personal information and risks, such as public records, identity validation, new account opening and Internet data risks; identity theft recovery services; identity theft cost reimbursement insurance; and software and other technology tools and services. We also offer breach response services to large and small organizations responding to compromises of sensitive personal information and other customer and employee data. We help these organizations notify the affected individuals and we provide the affected individuals with identity theft recovery and credit monitoring services. We continue to develop innovative new services to add to our IDENTITY GUARD^® portfolio and address the increasing awareness by consumers of the risks associated with their personal information. We have a dual go-to-market strategy in the U.S. and Canada, through partner marketing and direct-to-consumer marketing through search and display messaging. Our growth strategy in this segment includes expanding our product offerings to include new personal information and identity theft protection capabilities, leveraging our IDENTITY GUARD^® brand and consumer direct marketing in the U.S. and Canada, and growing our partner marketing and distribution relationships in the U.S. and Canada.

Our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment includes insurance and membership products for consumers, delivered on a subscription basis. We are not planning to develop new business in this segment and are experiencing normal subscriber attrition due to ceased marketing and retention efforts. Some of our legacy subscriber portfolios have been cancelled, and our continued servicing of other subscribers may be cancelled as a result of actions taken by one or more financial institutions. Beginning in September 2016, our Habits at Work business was reclassified to our Personal Information Services segment from our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment due to a change in business strategy. We concluded that the impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements was not material, and therefore we have not recast our segment disclosures prior to September 2016.

Our Pet Health Monitoring segment provides health and wellness monitoring products and services for veterinarians and pet owners through our subsidiary, i4c Innovations Inc. (“i4c”), which does business as Voyce. VOYCE^® is our pet health monitoring platform and information management service that collects, translates, monitors and distributes biometric data from our proprietary Health Monitors to veterinarians and consumers. The data we provide includes key animal vital signs like resting respiratory and heart rates, rest and quality of rest, activity and the intensity of that activity, distance traveled and caloric burn. This data enables pet owners and their veterinarian health advisors to monitor their pets remotely, thus replacing subjective observation with objective biometric data. At home, remote monitoring through VOYCE^® enhances pet care by providing important information to the veterinary professionals to help identify medical concerns, monitor the efficacy of treatments and provide better management of ongoing conditions. The VOYCE^® Health Monitor is designed with the pet’s comfort in mind. It collects pet wellness and vital sign indication data using proprietary, non-invasive, radio frequency based technology, together with an accelerometer, an onboard microcomputer and specialized algorithms. This data is transmitted wirelessly from the Health Monitor to our cloud based system, where it is translated, stored and available to be viewed by the pet owner or veterinarian. We provide valuable data and insight to pet owners and veterinarians in a manner we believe never previously available. Data collected from our Health Monitor is translated and coupled with content written by top pet and veterinary experts exclusively for VOYCE^® to create a professional, highly relevant and personalized customer experience. The interactive platform also offers several features including, but not limited to, the ability to store medical records, set reminders, and create and track goals. We continue to contract with veterinarian hospitals and offer training and onboarding programs to effectively deploy the service.

Our Bail Bonds Industry Solutions segment includes the automated service solutions for the bail bonds industry provided by Captira Analytical. This segment’s proprietary solutions provide easy and efficient ways for bail bondsmen, general agents and sureties to organize and share data and make better decisions. Leveraging its existing software platform, we are continuing to expand into similarly challenged and underserved related industries.

 

 

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Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and in management’s opinion reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. They include the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we implemented an allocation policy to charge a portion of general and administrative expenses from our Corporate business unit into our other segments. The charge is a reasonable estimate of the services provided by our Corporate business unit to support each segment’s operations. For comparability, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 have been recast to reflect this allocation. We have not recast our condensed consolidated balance sheets or our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Our decision to consolidate an entity is based on our assessment that we have a controlling financial interest in such entity. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated from the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The condensed consolidated results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the information or notes necessary for a complete presentation and, accordingly, should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2015, as filed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Restricted Cash

We classify cash as restricted when the cash is unavailable for withdrawal or usage for general operations. Our restricted cash represents cash collateral to one commercial bank for corporate credit cards and electronic payments. Restricted cash is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue on 1) identity theft protection services, 2) insurance services, 3) other monthly membership products and transaction services and 4) the pet wellness products and services.

Our products and services are offered to consumers principally on a monthly subscription basis. Subscription fees billed by our clients are generally billed directly to the subscriber’s credit card, mortgage bill or demand deposit accounts. Subscription fees billed by us are generally billed directly to the subscriber’s credit card except for arrangements under which subscription fees are paid to us by our clients on behalf of the subscriber. The prices to subscribers of various configurations of our products and services range generally from $4.99 to $25.00 per month. As a means of allowing customers to become familiar with our services, our subscriptions typically are offered with trial, delayed billing or guaranteed refund periods. No revenues are recognized until applicable trial periods are completed.

Identity Theft Protection Services

We recognize revenue from our services when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain signed contracts with all of our clients and paper and electronic confirmations with individual purchasers, b) delivery has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed as sales are generally based on contract or list prices and payments from organizations are collected within 30 days with no significant write-offs, and d) collectability is reasonably assured as individual customers pay by credit card which has limited our risk of non-collection. Revenue for monthly subscriptions is recognized in the month the subscription fee is earned. We also generate revenue through a collaborative arrangement, which involves joint marketing and servicing activities. We recognize our share of revenues and expenses from this arrangement.

Revenue for annual subscription fees must be deferred if the subscriber has the right to cancel the service and the service is earned over the year. Annual subscriptions include subscribers with full refund provisions at any time during the subscription period and pro-rata refund provisions. Revenue related to annual subscriptions with full refund provisions is recognized on the expiration of these refund provisions. Revenue related to annual subscribers with pro-rata provisions is recognized based on a pro-rata share of

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revenue earned. An allowance for discretionary subscription refunds is established based on our historical experience. For subscriptions with refund provisions whereby only the prorated subscription fee is refunded upon cancellation by the subscriber, deferred subscription fees are recorded when billed and amortized as subscription fee revenue on a straight-line basis over the subscription period, generally one year.

We record revenue on a gross basis in the amount that we bill the subscriber when our arrangements provide for us to serve as the primary obligor in the transaction, we have latitude in establishing price and we bear the credit risk for the amount billed to the subscriber. We also provide services for which certain clients are the primary obligors directly to their customers. We record revenue in the amount that we bill certain clients, and not the amount billed to their customers, when our client is the primary obligor, establishes the price to the customer and bears the credit risk.

Revenue from these arrangements is recognized on a monthly basis when earned, which is at the time we provide the service. In some instances, we recognize revenue for the delivery of operational services including fulfillment events, information technology development hours or customer service minutes, rather than per customer fees.

Insurance Services

We recognize revenue from our services when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain paper and electronic confirmations with individual purchasers, b) delivery has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed as the price of the product is agreed to by the customer as a condition of the sales transaction which established the sales arrangement, and d) collectability is reasonably assured as evidenced by our collection of revenue through the monthly mortgage payments of our customers or through checking account debits to our customers’ accounts. Revenues from insurance contracts are recognized when earned. Our insurance products generally involve a trial period during which time the product is made available at no cost to the customer. No revenues are recognized until applicable trial periods are completed.

For insurance products, we record revenue on a net basis as we perform as an agent or broker for the insurance products without assuming the risks of ownership of the insurance products.

We participate in agency relationships with insurance carriers that underwrite insurance products offered by us. Accordingly, insurance premiums collected from customers and remitted to insurance carriers are excluded from our revenues and operating expenses. Insurance premiums collected but not remitted to insurance carriers as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 totaled $401 thousand and $444 thousand, respectively, and are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Other Membership Products and Transaction Services

For other membership products, we record revenue on a gross basis as we serve as the primary obligor in the transactions, have latitude in establishing price and bear credit risk for the amount billed to the subscriber.

Consulting services, primarily from our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment, are offered to customers primarily on a fixed fee, retainer or commission basis. We recognize revenue from our consulting services when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain contracts or electronic communication documenting the agreement, b) performance has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed as the price of the services is agreed to by the customer as a condition of the sales transaction which established the sales arrangement, and d) collectability is reasonably assured as evidenced through a strong history of payment by our customers with no significant write-offs. We record revenue on a gross basis in the amount that we bill the customer when our arrangements provide for us to serve as the primary obligor in the transaction, we have latitude in establishing price and we bear credit risk for the amount billed to the customer. We record the net amount as commissions earned if we do not serve as the primary obligor and do not have latitude in establishing prices.

We generate and recognize revenue from our services in our Bail Bonds Industry Solutions segment from providing management service solutions to the bail bond industry on a monthly subscription or transactional basis.

Pet Wellness Products and Services

We recognize revenue in our Pet Health Monitoring segment from the sale of the hardware, the VOYCE^® and VOYCE PRO^™ subscription monitoring services and the fixed portion of shipping and handling receipts. We recognize revenue when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain signed contracts with all of our clients and electronic confirmations with individual purchasers, b) delivery of the hardware and performance of the service has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed, stated refund privileges, if any, have lapsed and the price of the product is agreed to by the purchaser as a condition of the sales transaction and d) collectability is reasonably assured as evidenced through a history of payment by our clients with no significant write-offs and individual customers pay by credit card, which has limited our risk of non-collection. We recognize revenue on a gross basis in the amount that we bill the subscriber when our arrangements provide for us to serve as the primary obligor in the transaction, we have

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latitude in establishing price and we bear the credit risk for the amount billed to the subscriber. Service revenue for prepaid subscriptions is recognized ratably over the applicable service period. As VOYCE^® and VOYCE PRO^™ are new products and sufficient history on the frequency of returns is unavailable to estimate a returns allowance, revenue is deferred until stated refund privileges, if any, lapse. Due to the deferral period, we currently do not have an allowance for discretionary product or subscription refunds. We will continue to monitor our actual returns in future periods in order to develop sufficient history on returns and cancellation privileges and may reevaluate the deferral periods.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, cost of hardware revenue is also deferred over the respective revenue deferral periods, and the expense is recorded in the same period as the associated revenue. The deferred cost of hardware revenue is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Free trials with no future service agreement are recognized immediately as expense under cost of service and hardware revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

We classify and recognize amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling as hardware revenue and amounts incurred related to shipping and handling as cost of hardware revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill, Identifiable Intangibles and Other Long-Lived Assets

We record, as goodwill, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in purchase transactions. We review our goodwill for impairment annually, as of October 31, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. As required by U.S. GAAP, goodwill is reflected as an asset in our Personal Information Services and Insurance and Other Consumer Services segments’ balance sheets, resulting from our acquisitions of White Sky Inc. and Habits at Work in 2015 as well as our prior acquisition of IISI Insurance Services Inc. (“IISI”), formerly known as Intersections Insurance Services Inc., in 2006.

In evaluating whether indicators of impairment exist, an initial assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment test can be utilized (commonly referred to as the step zero approach). For reporting units in which the qualitative assessment concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying value, the guidance eliminates the requirement to perform further goodwill impairment testing. For those reporting units where a significant change or event occurs, and where potential impairment indicators exist, we continue to utilize a two-step quantitative assessment to test goodwill for impairment. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include, among others (a) a significant decline in our expected future cash flows; (b) a sustained, significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization; (c) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; (d) unanticipated competition; (e) the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit; and (f) slower growth rates. Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of these assets and could have a material impact in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. The first step is a comparison of each reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. We estimate fair value using the best information available, using a combined income approach (discounted cash flow) and market based approach. The income approach measures the value of the reporting units by the present values of its economic benefits. These benefits can include revenue and cost savings. The market based approach measures the value of an entity through an analysis of recent sales or offerings of comparable companies and using revenue and other multiples of comparable companies as a reasonable basis to estimate our implied multiples. Value indications are developed by discounting expected cash flows to their present value at a rate of return that incorporates the risk-free rate for use of funds, trends within the industry, and risks associated with particular investments of similar type and quality as of the valuation date. In addition, we consider the uncertainty of realizing the projected cash flows in the analysis.

The estimated fair values of our reporting units are dependent on several significant assumptions, including our earnings projections, and cost of capital (discount rate). The projections use management’s best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period including business plans, growth rates in sales, costs, and estimates of future expected changes in operating margins and cash expenditures. Other significant estimates and assumptions include terminal value growth rates, estimates of future capital expenditures, changes in future working capital requirements and overhead cost allocation, based on each reporting unit’s relative benefit received from the functions that reside in our Corporate business unit. We perform a detailed analysis of our Corporate overhead costs for purposes of establishing the overhead allocation baseline for the projection period. Overhead allocation methods include, but are not limited to, the percentage of the payroll within each reporting unit, allocation of existing support function costs based on estimated usage by the reporting units, and vendor specific costs incurred by Corporate that can be reasonably attributed to a particular reporting unit. These allocations are adjusted over the projected period in our discounted cash flow analysis based on the forecasted changing relative needs of the reporting units. Throughout the forecast period, the majority of Corporate’s total overhead expenses are allocated to our Personal Information Services reporting unit. We believe this overhead allocation method fairly allocates costs to each reporting unit, and we will continue to review, and possibly refine, these allocation methods as our businesses grow and mature. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying each to the analysis of the recoverability of goodwill.

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We estimate fair value giving consideration to both the income and market approaches. Consideration is given to the line of business and operating performance of the entities being valued relative to those of actual transactions, potentially subject to corresponding economic, environmental, and political factors considered to be reasonable investment alternatives.

If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with its goodwill carrying value to measure the amount of impairment charge, if any. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. In other words, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit (including any unrecognized intangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of that reporting unit was the purchase price paid. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

As of September 30, 2016, goodwill of $347 thousand resided in our Insurance and Other Consumer Services reporting unit and goodwill of $9.4 million resided in our Personal Information Services reporting unit after the reclassification of one of our business lines. For additional information, please see Note 11. There is no goodwill remaining in our other reporting units.

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, property and equipment and other long-term assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Significant judgments in this area involve determining whether a triggering event has occurred and determining the future cash flows for assets involved. In conducting our analysis, we would compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the long-lived assets to the related net book values. If the undiscounted cash flows exceed the net book value, the long-lived assets are considered not to be impaired. If the net book value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge is measured and recognized. An impairment charge is measured as the difference between the net book value and the fair value of the long-lived assets. Fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows associated with these assets.

Intangible assets subject to amortization may include customer, marketing and technology related intangibles, as well as trademarks. Such intangible assets, excluding customer related intangibles, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are generally two to ten years. Customer related intangible assets are amortized on either a straight-line or accelerated basis, depending upon the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used up.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including projected future taxable income and future reversal of existing deferred tax assets and liabilities, sufficient sources of taxable income in available carryback periods, tax-planning strategies, and historical results of recent operations. The assumptions about future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three trailing years of cumulative operating income (loss). Valuation allowances are provided, if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in tax laws and rates may affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities and our effective tax rate in the future.

Accounting for income taxes in interim periods provides that at the end of each interim period we are required to make our best estimate of the consolidated effective tax rate expected to be applicable for our full calendar year. The rate so determined shall be used in providing for income taxes on a consolidated current year-to-date basis. Further, the rate is reviewed, if necessary, as of the end of each successive interim period during the year to our best estimate of our annual effective tax rate.

In addition to the amount of tax resulting from applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to income from operations before income taxes, we may include certain items treated as discrete events to arrive at an estimated overall tax amount.

We believe that our tax positions comply with applicable tax law. As a matter of course, we may be audited by various taxing authorities and these audits may result in proposed assessments where the ultimate resolution may result in us owing additional taxes. U.S. GAAP addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. We may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty

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percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. U.S. GAAP provides guidance on how an enterprise should determine whether a tax position is effectively settled for the purpose of recognizing previously unrecognized tax benefits.

Our income tax expense and liability and/or receivable, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and liabilities for uncertain tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid or received. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the related debt agreements. The effective interest rate applied to the amortization is reviewed periodically and may change if actual principal repayments of the term loan differ from estimates. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, short-term and long-term debt are presented net of the unamortized debt issuance costs in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Classification of Debt

In March 2016, we and our subsidiaries entered into a credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Crystal Financial SPV LLC. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, we are required to make certain prepayments on our term loan with Crystal Financial SPV LLC in addition to scheduled quarterly repayments, including but not limited to proceeds received from certain tax refunds, asset dispositions, extraordinary receipts, excess cash flows (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and equity issuances, except for proceeds from the sale of up to 20% of the equity of our subsidiary, i4c, which may be invested in the business of i4c. Scheduled quarterly repayments and estimated prepayments that we expect to remit in the next twelve months are classified as the current portion of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated financial statements, net of unamortized debt issuance costs to be amortized in the next twelve months based on the current effective interest rate applied.

Share Based Compensation

We currently issue equity and equity-based awards under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Individual awards under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan may take the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and/or restricted stock units.

The Compensation Committee administers the Plan, selects the individuals who will receive awards and establishes the terms and conditions of those awards. Restricted stock units in the Plan that have expired, terminated, or been canceled or forfeited are available for issuance or use in connection with future awards.

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value all options and the straight-line method to amortize this fair value as compensation cost over the requisite service period. The fair value of each option granted has been estimated as of the date of grant with the following weighted-average assumptions for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we did not grant stock options.  

Expected Dividend Yield. Under the Credit Agreement, we are currently prohibited from declaring and paying dividends and therefore, the dividend yield was zero.

Expected Volatility. The expected volatility of options granted was estimated based upon our historical share price volatility based on the expected term of the underlying grants, or approximately 45%.

Risk-free Interest Rate. The yield on actively traded non-inflation indexed U.S. Treasury notes was used to extrapolate an average risk-free interest rate based on the expected term of the underlying grants, or approximately 1.1%.

Expected Term. The expected term of options granted was determined by considering employees’ historical exercise patterns, or approximately 4.8 years. We will continue to review our estimate in the future and adjust it, if necessary, due to changes in our historical exercises.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we assess the probability that the performance conditions of our performance-based restricted stock units (“PBRSUs”) will be achieved and record share based compensation expense based on the probable outcome of that performance condition. Vesting of the PBRSUs is dependent upon continued employment and achievement of defined performance goals for the year, which is based upon Adjusted EBITDA as defined and determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. We recognize the share based compensation expense ratably over the implied service period. The PBRSUs will vest no later than March 15 of the following year. We may make changes to our assessment of probability and therefore, adjust share based compensation expense accordingly throughout the vesting period.

In addition, we estimate forfeitures based on historical stock option and restricted stock unit activity on a grant by grant basis. We consider many factors in our estimated forfeiture rate including, but not limited to, historical actual forfeitures by type of employee and one-time unusual events. We may make changes to that estimate throughout the vesting period based on actual activity.

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If actual forfeitures occur prior to the vest date and the pre-vest forfeiture amount exceeds the estimated forfeiture rate, we reverse the cumulative share based compensation expense for the unvested grants. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we ensure that the share based compensation expense is equivalent to actual vestings prior to, or at, the actual vesting date on a grant by grant basis.

Contingent Liabilities

The Company may become involved in other litigation as a result of our normal business operations. We periodically analyze currently available information and make a determination of the probability of loss and provide a range of possible loss when we believe that sufficient and appropriate information is available. We accrue a liability for those contingencies where the incurrence of a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a loss is probable and a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated but no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount in the range, then the minimum of the range is accrued. We do not accrue a liability when the likelihood that the liability has been incurred is believed to be probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the likelihood that a liability has been incurred is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the impact could potentially be material, we disclose the nature of the contingency and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss.

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished goods and raw materials for our Voyce products. We source specific raw materials for our products from multiple vendors and outsource hardware manufacturing. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method. In valuing inventory, we make certain judgments and estimates regarding the level of inventory reserves, which are based on analyzing actual and forecasted usage, forecasted sales prices, and surplus and obsolete inventory. Future events that could significantly influence our judgment and related estimates regarding the value of the inventory include general economic conditions, procurement of raw materials, manufacturing price fluctuations, market acceptance of our new products and design changes, as well as actions of our competitors. We will continue to review, and may revise, estimates used to calculate our inventory reserves. We believe future recoverability of the inventory asset will be dependent upon sales of our Voyce products. An increase to our inventory reserve will adversely impact our results of operations.

Accounting Standards Updates Recently Adopted

In February 2015, an update was made to “Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” The amendments in this update change the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. Affected entities include limited partnerships and similar legal entities, as well as reporting entities that are involved with variable interest entities. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015. We adopted the provisions of this update as of January 1, 2016 and there was no material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, an update was made to “Interest—Imputation of Interest.” To simplify presentation of debt issuance costs, the amendments in this update require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this update. In August 2015, an update was issued to add guidance for debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. The update allows an entity to defer and present debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortize the deferred costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings. This guidance in both updates is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and should be applied retrospectively. We adopted the provisions of this update as of January 1, 2016 and did not have retrospective adjustments, as debt issuance costs were related to an undrawn line of credit. Prospectively, we recorded the debt issuance costs incurred from the execution of the Credit Agreement as a direct reduction to the carrying value of the debt liability. For additional information, please see Note 16.

In September 2015, an update was made to “Business Combinations.” The amendments in this update require that adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period should be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The amendments require that the acquirer record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Further, the amendments require the entity to disclose the portions of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item what would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015, and should be applied prospectively. We adopted the provisions of this update as of January 1, 2016 and there was no material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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In March 2016, an update was made to “Derivatives and Hedging: Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments.” The amendments in this update clarify the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and should be applied on a modified retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted the provisions of this update as of January 1, 2016 and there was no material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Updates Not Yet Effective

In May 2014, an update was made to “Revenue Recognition.” The guidance in this update supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, by creating a new Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The guidance in this update affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the trade of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, various updates have been issued during 2015 and 2016 to clarify the guidance in Topic 606. The amendments in all of these updates will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, but not before the original effective date. The amendments can be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying these updates recognized at the date of initial application. We will adopt the provisions of these updates as of January 1, 2018 and we are currently evaluating the impact, if any, to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, an update was made to “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern.” The amendments require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1) provide a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods thereafter. We will adopt the provisions of this update as of December 31, 2016 and do not anticipate a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, an update was made to “Financial Instruments—Overall.” The amendments in this update provide guidance related to accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, the amendments clarify guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The amendments in this update are effective for the annual periods, and the interim periods within those years, ending after December 15, 2017. We will adopt the provisions of this update as of January 1, 2018 and we are currently evaluating the impact, if any, to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, an update was made to “Leases.” The primary amendments in this update require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet, as well as certain qualitative disclosures regarding leasing arrangements. The amendments in this update are effective for the annual periods, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and should be applied on a modified retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption, if any, to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, an update was made to “Derivatives and Hedging: Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships.” The amendments in this update clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument under ASC 815 does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship. The amendments in this update are effective for the annual periods, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and may be applied on either a prospective or modified retrospective basis. We will adopt the provisions of this update as of January 1, 2017 and do not anticipate a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, an update was made to “Compensation—Stock Compensation.” The amendments in this update simplify several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this update are effective for the annual periods, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. We will adopt the provisions of this update as of December 31, 2016 and do not anticipate a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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In August 2016, an update was made to “Statement of Cash Flows.” The amendments in this update clarify the guidance regarding the classification of operating, investing, and financing activities for certain types of cash receipts and payments. The amendments in this update are effective for the annual periods, and the interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption, if any, to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Health at Work Wellness Actuaries LLC (“Habits at Work”)

On March 3, 2015, our wholly owned subsidiary, IISI, acquired the business from Habits at Work. Habits at Work designs wellness-driven health plans and engagement programs for employers, insurers and wellness groups. Our acquisition of the business from Habits at Work aligned with our growth strategy at that time to build our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment through a combination of innovative insurance and non-insurance services for consumers, employers and the insurance industry. In connection with this acquisition, we issued 413 thousand shares of common stock to Habits at Work. The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to Habits at Work (in thousands):

 

We are obligated under the asset purchase agreement to make aggregate earn-out payments to the members of Habits at Work during three one-year measurement periods from March 1, 2015 through February 28, 2018 (the “Measurement Periods”) of up to approximately $1.0 million per Measurement Period, based upon revenue generated by the business during such Measurement Period and subject to the terms and conditions specified in the asset purchase agreement. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we record the earn-out payments as post-combination share based compensation expense based upon the grant date share price of our common stock of $3.75, which is recognized pro-rata over the requisite service period and included in general and administrative expenses in our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment through August 2016, and in our Personal Information Services segment beginning September 2016. The earn-out is subject to performance and service vesting conditions and is payable in stock and a portion in cash, depending on the market price of the stock at vesting in accordance with the asset purchase agreement. We estimated the expense for both the equity and liability awards, and because vesting and other conditions may impact the number of common shares issued, the amount of future share based compensation expense may vary based upon those conditions.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we issued approximately 230 thousand shares of our common stock and paid $64 thousand in cash related to the earn-out payment for the first Measurement Period. As of September 30, 2016, we expect the value of the earn-out payment for the second Measurement Period to be approximately $1.0 million, which includes an estimated cash payment of $392 thousand. In the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded share based compensation expense in relation to this agreement of $313 thousand and $232 thousand, respectively. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded share based compensation expense in relation to this agreement of $930 thousand and $561 thousand, respectively. As of September 30, 2016, we estimate the remaining unrecognized compensation expense for the second Measurement Period to be approximately $521 thousand. Due to the variability of the inputs for the performance and market conditions, we are unable to reasonably estimate the value of the earn-out payment, cash liability and unrecognized compensation expense for the third Measurement Period from March 1, 2017 through February 28, 2018. The variability of the inputs in the second and third Measurement Periods may have a material impact on the future operating results of our Corporate business unit.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we used the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired, including intangible assets, be recognized at their fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination was made by management through various means, primarily by obtaining a third party valuation of identifiable intangible assets acquired.

The following table summarizes the final fair values of the assets acquired at the date of acquisition (in thousands):

 

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The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of an assembled workforce and economies of scale of the combined operations. All of the goodwill was assigned to the Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Acquisition-related costs in connection with the Habits at Work transaction for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were $88 thousand and are included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For additional information regarding goodwill, please see Note 11.

The financial impact of the acquisition of Habits at Work is not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, pro forma results of operations and other disclosures have not been presented.

White Sky Inc. (“White Sky”)

In June 2015, we acquired all of the assets and certain liabilities of White Sky. White Sky innovates and develops easy-to-use consumer authentication and e-commerce solutions. Our acquisition of the business from White Sky provides opportunities to expand product integration as well as development, marketing and operational efficiencies in our Personal Information Services segment.

In connection with this acquisition, and subject to post-closing adjustments in accordance with the asset purchase agreement, we issued 353 thousand shares of common stock to White Sky and received back 210 thousand shares of our common stock as a liquidating distribution during the year ended December 31, 2015. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, White Sky was required to make liquidating distributions to its shareholders, including us, in accordance with the preferences set forth in White Sky’s Eighth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “distributions”). In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we received the final liquidating cash distributions, which were not significantly different from our estimated amounts made at the first reporting date. The following table summarizes the final purchase price transferred to White Sky (in thousands):

 

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we used the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired, including intangible assets, be recognized at their fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination was made by management through various means, primarily by obtaining a third party valuation of identifiable intangible assets acquired. The following table summarizes the final fair values of the assets acquired at the date of acquisition (in thousands):

 

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The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of an assembled workforce and economies of scale of the combined operations. All of the goodwill was assigned to the Personal Information Services segment and is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Acquisition-related costs in connection with the White Sky transaction for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were $159 thousand and are included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Supplemental Pro Forma Information

White Sky’s operating results from the date of acquisition through June 30, 2015 are insignificant and therefore, those results were excluded from our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Therefore, we began to include White Sky’s results of operations in our financial results beginning in the three months ended September 30, 2015. The following unaudited pro forma results have been prepared as if the acquisition of White Sky occurred on January 1, 2014 (in thousands):

 

White Sky’s results of operations are included in our financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and any pro forma adjustments are not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, pro forma results of operations and other disclosures have not been presented for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016. The pro forma amounts presented have been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the results to reflect additional amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to amortizable intangible assets had been applied, eliminating intercompany transactions and the associated income tax impacts. Supplemental pro forma earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were adjusted to exclude $284 thousand of acquisition-related costs incurred by both us and White Sky in the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The pro forma information does not necessarily reflect the actual results of operations had the acquisition been consummated as of January 1, 2014, nor is it indicative of future operating results. The pro forma information does not include any adjustments for potential revenue enhancements, cost synergies or other operating efficiencies.

Basic and diluted loss per common share is determined in accordance with the applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP. Basic loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted loss per common share is equivalent to basic loss per common share, as U.S. GAAP provides that a loss cannot be diluted by potential common stock, which includes the potential exercise of stock options and vesting of our restricted stock and restricted stock units under our share based employee compensation plans.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, options to purchase common stock and unvested restricted stock units estimated to be 5.1 million shares were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, options to purchase common stock and unvested restricted stock units estimated to be 3.9 million shares were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per common share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. These shares could dilute earnings per common share in the future.

A reconciliation of basic loss per common share to diluted loss per common share is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

Our cash and any investment instruments are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as they are valued using quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.

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The types of instruments valued are based on quoted market prices in active markets and are primarily U.S. government and agency securities and money market securities. Such instruments are generally classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

For financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivables, inventory, leases payable, accounts payable and short-term debt, we consider the recorded value of the financial instruments to approximate the fair value based on the liquidity of these financial instruments. As of September 30, 2016, the carrying value of our long-term debt approximated its fair value due to the variable interest rate. We did not have any transfers in or out of Level 1 and Level 2 in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 or in the year ended December 31, 2015. We did not hold any significant instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. On a non-recurring basis, we measured goodwill under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2015. For additional information related to our valuation technique and inputs used in the fair value measurement, please see Note 11.

The components of our prepaid expenses and other current assets are as follows:

 

 

In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we reclassified $2.6 million to inventory from prepaid expenses and other current assets. For additional information, please see Note 8.

We had an inventory balance of $4.1 million as of September 30, 2016, which included $1.8 million of finished goods and $2.3 million of raw materials for our Pet Health Monitoring segment. We had an inventory balance of $2.3 million as of December 31, 2015, which included $1.9 million of finished goods and $358 thousand of raw materials for our Pet Health Monitoring segment. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we elected not to retain our existing manufacturer for future production of finished goods for our Pet Health Monitoring segment. As a result, we applied our deposit, which was for the ongoing purchase of component parts by the manufacturer, to the payment due for new raw materials on hand and reclassified $2.6 million to inventory from prepaid expenses and other current assets. We do not expect any significant future cash payments between us and the manufacturer.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded an $801 thousand adjustment for surplus and obsolete inventories, which is included in cost of hardware revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We did not record a charge for excess or obsolete inventory in the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Total deferred subscription solicitation and commission costs included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $4.1 million and $7.0 million, respectively. Amortization of deferred subscription solicitation and commission costs, which is included in either marketing or commission expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $2.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Amortization of deferred subscription solicitation and commission costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $9.9 million and $13.1 million, respectively. Marketing costs expensed as incurred, which are included in marketing expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as they did not meet the criteria for deferral, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $990 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively. Marketing costs expensed as incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $2.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

We record internally developed capitalized software as a component of software in property and equipment in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We regularly review our capitalized software projects for impairment. We had no impairments of internally developed capitalized software in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. We record depreciation for

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internally developed capitalized software in depreciation expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Activity in our internally developed capitalized software during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Depreciation expense related to capitalized software no longer in the application development stage, for the future periods is indicated below (in thousands):

 

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, software development-in-progress had a balance of $4.8 million and $584 thousand, respectively. Software development-in-progress includes costs associated with software projects that were still in the application development stage as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and as such, were not being amortized. The significant increase in the balance is primarily due to capitalized costs of our new product, Privacy Now^™ with Watson, which was launched in October 2016, and therefore the assets will be placed in service in the three months ending December 31, 2016 and depreciated over their useful life.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows (in thousands):

 

____________________

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During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we concluded that the change in one of our business lines (for additional information, please see Note 1) and the resulting adjustments to our forecasts represented a triggering event, and we completed an interim impairment test of the goodwill at our Insurance and Other Consumer Services reporting unit. We determined that goodwill was not impaired and that the fair value was significantly in excess of carrying value. We did not identify any triggering events related to our goodwill at our Personal Information Service reporting unit and therefore were not required to test our goodwill for impairment. To the extent our Personal Information Services or Insurance and Other Consumer Services reporting units realize unfavorable actual results compared to forecasted results, or decrease forecasted results compared to previous forecasts, or in the event the estimated fair value of those reporting units decrease (as a result, among other things, of changes in market capitalization, including further declines in our stock price), we may incur additional goodwill impairment charges in the future. Future impairment charges on our Personal Information Services reporting unit will be recognized in the operating results of our Personal Information Services segment and our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment, based on a pro-rata allocation of goodwill.

Our intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and year ended December 31, 2015, there were no adverse changes in our long-lived assets, which would cause a need for an impairment analysis.

Intangible assets are amortized over a period of two to ten years. For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we had an aggregate amortization expense of $99 thousand and $206 thousand, respectively, which was included in amortization expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we had an aggregate amortization expense of $484 thousand and $481 thousand, respectively. We estimate that we will have the following amortization expense for the future periods indicated below (in thousands):

 

 

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The components of our accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows:

We are subject to certain non-income (or indirect) business taxes in various state and other jurisdictions. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we decreased our estimated liability for non-income business taxes by approximately $1.1 million, primarily from the successful appeal and resolution of a non-income tax audit. We continue to correspond with the applicable authorities in an effort toward resolution of our open audits in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016. We continue to analyze what other obligations, if any, we have to other state taxing authorities. We believe it is reasonably possible that other states may approach us or that the scope of the taxable base in any state may increase; however, it is not possible to predict the potential amount of future payments due to the unique facts and circumstances involved. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we paid $63 thousand related to the consent order we entered into with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) in July 2015. For additional information related to the non-income business taxes and the consent order, please see Note 14.

The components of our accrued payroll and employee benefits are as follows:

 

 

In 2014, our Board of Directors approved, and we initiated a plan intended to streamline operations and reduce the cost structure primarily in our Corporate business unit and Personal Information Services segment (the “Restructuring Plan”). The Restructuring Plan consisted primarily of a workforce reduction, including changes in key leadership positions, and was substantially completed in December 2015. We made these changes in order to better align our costs with the current operating environment and improve the progress of our product line growth initiatives.

The following table summarizes the non-restructuring and restructuring activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

We expect to pay the majority of the remaining severance liability in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016.

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Leases

We have entered into long-term operating lease agreements for office space and capital leases for fixed assets. The minimum fixed commitments related to all non-cancellable leases are as follows:

We did not enter into any capital lease agreements during the three months ended September 30, 2016. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we entered into additional capital lease agreements for approximately $286 thousand. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we entered into additional capital lease agreements for approximately $101 thousand and $713 thousand, respectively. We recorded the lease liability at the fair market value of the underlying assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Rental expenses included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $818 thousand and $630 thousand, respectively. Rental expenses included in general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $2.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

Legal Proceedings

In July 2012, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) served a Civil Investigative Demand on Intersections Inc. with respect to its billing practices for identity protection and credit monitoring products sold and enrolled through depositary customers. An action was filed on July 1, 2015 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division, and a Stipulated Final Judgment and Order (the “Order”) concurrently entered, entitled Consumer Financial Protection Bureau v. Intersections Inc. Without admitting or denying the allegations in the complaint, we agreed to implement a satisfactory compliance plan to comply with the Order and to provide a progress update. We paid a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million in 2015, and in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we paid $63 thousand to 661 customers who had not previously received refunds for periods where the full benefit of the service was not delivered. We also submitted an amended compliance plan to the CFPB and are awaiting a letter of non-objection.

In January 2013, the Office of the West Virginia Attorney General (“WVAG”) served Intersections Insurance Services Inc. (“IISI”) with a complaint that the WVAG had filed in the Circuit Court of Mason County, West Virginia on October 2, 2012. The complaint alleges violations of West Virginia consumer protection laws based on the marketing of unspecified products. IISI filed a motion to require the WVAG to amend its complaint to include a more specific statement of its claims.  The court denied that motion in December 2013. IISI filed an answer to the complaint on January 21, 2014. On July 13, 2016, the court entered a scheduling order governing the management of the case through the beginning of trial.  Pursuant to that order, the deadline for parties to amend the pleadings and add parties was set for September 30, 2016.  On September 21, 2016, the WVAG moved to amend the complaint, seeking to add Intersections Inc. as a defendant.  The proposed amended complaint alleges the same violations of West Virginia consumer protection laws as alleged against IISI.  IISI will have an opportunity to oppose the motion to amend.

In July 2015, Costco Wholesale Corporation elected not to renew an agreement for Intersections to provide an identity protection service to its customers. On January 20, 2016, Intersections filed a Notice of Arbitration with respect to claims by Intersections against Costco arising from certain actions of Costco related to the marketing of its new identity protection service to our subscriber base of current Costco members, which Intersections alleged violated the agreement and applicable law. Intersections sought damages in excess of $2.0 million, and injunctive relief. On February 16, 2016, Costco filed a counterclaim, seeking injunctive relief and related, unspecified damages, with respect to the allegedly inappropriate use by Intersections of a URL containing elements of both parties’ intellectual property. On October 6, 2016, Intersections and Costco entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which the parties agreed to terminate the arbitration and release each other from all claims asserted thereby, in consideration of

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Costco’s one-time, lump sum payment to Intersections of $1.5 million, and Costco’s agreement to certain terms and conditions with respect to the advertising and marketing of its new identity protection service to the aforementioned subscriber base.

As of September 30, 2016, we do not have any significant liabilities accrued for any of the legal proceedings mentioned above. We believe based on information currently available that the amount, if any, accrued for the above contingencies is adequate. However, legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and, although we believe that accruals are adequate and we intend to vigorously defend ourselves against such matters, unfavorable resolution could occur, which could have a material effect in our condensed consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole.

Other

We analyzed our facts and circumstances related to potential indirect tax obligations in state and other jurisdictions, including the delivery nature of our services, the relationship through which our services are offered, and changing laws and interpretations of those laws, and determined it was probable that we have obligations in some jurisdictions. The following table summarizes the non-income business tax liability activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

We formally appealed the liability for several jurisdictions based on the applicability of the specific state tax laws to our services, and we continue to accrue the estimable amount that we believe is probable under U.S. GAAP. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we reduced our liability by $1.1 million, primarily from the successful appeal and resolution of a non-income tax audit. We continue to correspond with the applicable authorities in an effort toward resolution of our open audits in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016 using a variety of settlement options including, but not limited to, voluntary disclosures, negotiation and standard appeals process, and we may adjust the liability at such time. Additionally, we continue to analyze what other obligations, if any, we have to other state taxing authorities. We believe it is reasonably possible that other states may approach us or that the scope of the taxable base in any state may increase. However, it is not possible to predict the potential amount of future payments due to the unique facts and circumstances involved.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we entered into contracts, pursuant to which we agreed to minimum, non-refundable installment payments totaling approximately $10.0 million, payable in monthly and yearly installments through December 31, 2021. These amounts are expensed on a pro-rata basis and are recorded in cost of services revenue and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For additional information on other minimum, non-refundable contracts, please see Note 18 in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The variability of the inputs for the earn-out provisions in the business we acquired from Habits at Work may have a material impact on the future operating results of our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment. For additional information, please see Note 4.

Orders we place for the production of our Voyce hardware product may result in unconditional purchase obligations and may require us to make some payment at the time the order is placed. Unconditional purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable by us without penalty. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we did not record a liability for any unconditional purchase obligations.

The components of our other long-term liabilities are as follows:

 

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On March 21, 2016, we and our subsidiaries entered into the Credit Agreement with Crystal Financial SPV LLC. In connection with the Credit Agreement, we and our subsidiaries also entered into a security agreement, a pledge and security agreement, an intellectual property security agreement and other related documents. The Credit Agreement provides for a $20.0 million term loan, which was fully funded at closing, with a maturity date of March 21, 2019, unless the facility is otherwise terminated pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement.

Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement bear interest, payable monthly, at the greater of LIBOR plus 10% per annum or 10.5% per annum. Beginning June 30, 2016, the aggregate principal amount outstanding must be repaid in quarterly installments of $1.3 million. Additionally, beginning December 31, 2016, we are required to make a prepayment equal to 50% of our excess cash flows (as defined in the Credit Agreement) at each fiscal year end. Based on our operations to date and cash flow forecasts, we do not expect to make an excess cash flow payment for the year ending December 31, 2016. Certain events also require prepayments including, but not limited to, proceeds received from certain tax refunds, asset dispositions, extraordinary receipts and equity issuances, except for proceeds from the sale of up to 20% of the equity of our subsidiary, i4c, which may be reinvested in the business of i4c. Prepayments on the term loan, excluding required quarterly minimum payments, excess cash flow and certain tax refunds, are subject to a maximum early termination fee of 5% of the principal amount repaid in the first year, 3% in the second year, and no fees thereafter. Once amounts borrowed have been paid or prepaid, they may not be reborrowed. Minimum required maturities are as follows (in thousands):

 

As of September 30, 2016, $17.1 million was outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which is presented net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.3 million in our condensed consolidated balance sheets in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As of September 30, 2016, $8.0 million, net, is classified as short-term, which includes the minimum maturities as well as our estimated required prepayments, as described above.

The Credit Agreement contains certain customary covenants, including among other things covenants that limit or restrict the following: the incurrence of liens; the making of investments including a prohibition of any capital contributions to our subsidiary i4c other than from $15.0 million of the proceeds of the term loan made on the closing date and fair and reasonable allocation of overhead and administrative expenses; the incurrence of certain indebtedness; mergers, dissolutions, liquidations, or consolidations; acquisitions (other than certain permitted acquisitions); sales of substantially all of our or any of our subsidiaries’ assets; the declaration of certain dividends or distributions; transactions with affiliates (other than parties to the Credit Agreement) other than on fair and reasonable terms; and the formation or acquisition of any direct or indirect domestic or first-tier foreign subsidiary unless such subsidiary becomes a guarantor and enters into certain security documents.

The Credit Agreement requires us to maintain at all times a minimum cash on hand amount, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of at least 40% of the total amount outstanding under the term loan. The Credit Agreement also requires us to maintain on a quarterly basis a maximum churn (defined as (i) the sum of subscribers who have discontinued the provision of services provided under certain of our customer’s agreements as of the end of any fiscal month divided by (ii) the aggregate total number of all active subscribers under that certain customer agreement as of the first day of such fiscal month, expressed as a percentage) of 1.875%. Further, if our rights to provide services to subscribers under our agreements with Bank of America cease as a result of Bank of America transferring the provision of such services or using a different service provider and such cessation results in greater than a 20% decline in our consolidated revenue, a covenant violation exists under the Credit Agreement. We are also required to maintain compliance on a quarterly basis with specified minimum Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement and adjusted for certain non-cash, non-recurring and other items) and specified Core Business Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the agreement as including us and all of our subsidiaries except for i4c). As of September 30, 2016, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

The Credit Agreement replaces our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, dated October 7, 2014, which was scheduled to mature on October 7, 2016. The loan agreement, which provided for a revolving credit facility of $5.0 million, was terminated effective March 21, 2016. There were no amounts outstanding at that time.

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Our consolidated effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was 1.6% and 35.5%, respectively. Our consolidated effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was 0.7% and (56.3)%, respectively. The change is primarily due to the change in the valuation allowance.

We continued to evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence including, but not limited to, our three-year cumulative loss, as adjusted for permanent items; insufficient sources of taxable income in prior carryback periods in order to utilize all of the existing definite-lived net deferred tax assets; unavailability of prudent and feasible tax-planning strategies; negative adjustments to our projected taxable income; and scheduling of the future reversals of existing temporary differences. As a result, we were not able to recognize a net tax benefit associated with our pre-tax loss in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016, as there has been no change to the conclusion from the year ended December 31, 2015 that it was more likely than not that we would not generate sufficient taxable income in the foreseeable future to realize our net deferred tax assets.

The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable as of September 30, 2016 could be adjusted if facts and circumstances in future reporting periods change, including, but not limited to, generating sufficient future taxable income in the carryforward periods. If certain substantial changes in the entity’s ownership were to occur, there would be an annual limitation on the amount of the carryforwards that can be utilized in the future. The remaining deferred tax liability as of September 30, 2016 relates to an indefinite-lived intangible.

There were no material changes to our uncertain tax positions during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016 or 2015.

Share Based Compensation

We currently issue equity and equity-based awards under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), and we have three inactive stock incentive plans: the 1999 Stock Option Plan, the 2004 Stock Option Plan and the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2016, we have 1.8 million shares of common stock available for future grants of awards under the Plan, and awards for approximately 4.5 million shares are outstanding under all of our active and inactive plans. In April 2016, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2014 Plan to increase the number of shares authorized and reserved for issuance thereunder by 2.5 million shares, from 3.0 million shares to 5.5 million shares. The amendment was effective immediately upon our stockholders’ approval in May 2016. Individual awards under these plans may take the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and/or restricted stock units.

Stock Options

Total share based compensation expense recognized for stock options, which is included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was $34 thousand. There was no share based compensation expense for stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Total share based compensation expense recognized for stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $46 thousand and $37 thousand, respectively.

The following table summarizes our stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2016:

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted, based on the Black Scholes method, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $0.94. There were no options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

There were no options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 or 2015.

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As of September 30, 2016, there was $310 thousand of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option arrangements granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards

Total share based compensation expense recognized for restricted stock units and restricted stock awards (together, “RSUs”), which is included in general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $2.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Total share based compensation expense recognized for RSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $3.9 million and $3.8 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the activity of our RSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2016:

____________________

In May 2016, we granted PBRSUs to certain members of senior management. The PBRSUs represent a contingent right to receive a number of shares of common stock ranging from zero to a maximum of 200% of the original award, based upon the Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the grant agreement) actually achieved for the year ending December 31, 2016. The estimated aggregate grant date fair value of the PBRSUs was $5.4 million, which is the maximum under the award. We record shared based compensation expense based on the probable outcome of the performance condition.

As of September 30, 2016, there was $7.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs granted under the plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.

Other

In addition to the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, we determined the majority of the earn-out provisions in the business we acquired in March 2015 from Habits at Work to be share based compensation expense. In the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded share based compensation expense of $313 thousand and $232 thousand, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded share based compensation expense of $930 thousand and $561 thousand, respectively. We estimate the unrecognized compensation cost for the second Measurement Period to be approximately $521 thousand. However, due to the variability of the inputs for the performance and market conditions, we are unable to reasonably estimate the unrecognized compensation cost for the third Measurement Period from March 1, 2017 through February 28, 2018. The variability of the inputs in the second and third Measurement Periods may have a material impact on the operating results of our Corporate business unit. For additional information, please see Note 4.

We did not have any dividend activity in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we did not directly repurchase any shares of common stock for cash. As a result of shares withheld for tax purposes on the vesting of a restricted stock award, we increased our treasury shares by 67 thousand in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Under our Credit Agreement, we are currently prohibited from declaring and paying ordinary cash or stock dividends or repurchasing any shares of common stock.

Digital Matrix Systems, Inc. – The chief executive officer and president of Digital Matrix Systems, Inc. (“DMS”) serves as one of our board members. We have service agreements with DMS for monitoring credit on a daily and quarterly basis, along with other

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credit analysis services and application development. In connection with these agreements, we paid monthly installments totaling $216 thousand in each of the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we paid $772 thousand and $721 thousand, respectively. These amounts are included within cost of services revenue and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we owed $142 thousand to DMS under this agreement.

Additionally, on September 26, 2016, we entered into a data services agreement with DMS, under which DMS will provide us credit information processing services, including implementation and disaster recovery services. The initial term of the agreement is one year, with successive automatic renewal terms of one year each unless a party elects not to renew with prior written notice. In the first year, we will pay DMS fixed fees of $92 thousand on a monthly basis.

Loeb Partners Corporation – In connection with the closing of the Credit Agreement, we paid $553 thousand in advisory fees in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to Loeb Partners Corporation. Loeb Partners Corporation is an affiliate of Loeb Holding Corporation. One of the members of our Board of Directors is the beneficial owner of a majority of the voting stock of Loeb Holding Corporation, and is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Loeb Partners Corporation.

Our products and services are grouped into four reportable segments: Personal Information Services, Insurance and Other Consumer Services, Pet Health Monitoring and Bail Bonds Industry Solutions. Corporate headquarter office transactions such as legal, human resources, finance and internal audit expenses that have not been attributed to a particular segment are reported in Corporate.

The following table sets forth segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015: 

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In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we incurred an impairment charge of $7.4 million related to our acquisition of White Sky in our Corporate business unit.

The following table sets forth segment information as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

 

We generated revenue in the following geographic areas:

 

Subsequent to September 30, 2016, we entered into a settlement agreement with Costco Wholesale Corporation (“Costco”) with respect to an arbitration in which we asserted claims arising from certain actions taken by Costco related to the marketing of its new identity protection service to our subscriber base of current Costco members, and counterclaims by Costco with respect to the allegedly inappropriate use by Intersections of a URL containing elements of both parties’ intellectual property. The terms of the settlement include Costco’s one-time lump-sum payment to us of $1.5 million, as well as Costco agreeing to certain terms and conditions with respect to its advertising and marketing of its new identity protection service to the aforementioned subscriber base. We will record the settlement as a reduction to operating expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ending December 31, 2016.

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The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, and as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the “Form 10-K”), and with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto presented in this Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this discussion and analysis relating to future plans, results, performance, expectations, achievements and the like are considered “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,'' “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “should,” “can have,” “likely” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of the timing or nature of future operating or financial performance or other events. Those forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by those statements, including whether we are able to obtain financing for our Pet Health Monitoring segment prior to December 31, 2016, whether  on terms acceptable to us and our lender, or at all; any decisions made by us regarding strategic alternatives for our Pet Health Monitoring segment, including with respect to the proposal from Loeb Holding Corporation (“LHC”); the timing and success of new product launches, including our IDENTITY GUARD^®, VOYCE^® and VOYCE PRO^™ platforms, and other growth initiatives; the continuing impact of the regulatory environment on our business; the continued dependence on a small number of financial institutions for a majority of our revenue and to service our U.S. financial institution customer base; our ability to execute our strategy and previously announced transformation plan; our incurring additional restructuring charges; our incurring impairment charges on goodwill and/or assets, including assets related to our VOYCE^® business; our ability to control costs; and our needs for additional capital to grow our business, including our ability to maintain compliance with the covenants under our new term loan or seek additional sources of debt and/or equity financing. Factors and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ include but are not limited to the risks disclosed under “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1. Business—Government Regulation” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and herein and in its recent other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements unless required by applicable law.

Overview

Our business uses data to help consumers reduce risk through subscription services. We operate in four reportable segments: Personal Information Services; Insurance and Other Consumer Services; Pet Health Monitoring; and Bail Bonds Industry Solutions. Corporate headquarter office transactions including, but not limited to, legal, human resources, finance and internal audit expenses that have not been attributed to a particular segment are reported in our Corporate business unit.

Our Personal Information Services segment offers services to help consumers understand, monitor, manage and protect against the risks associated with the inappropriate exposure of their personal information, resulting in fraudulent use or reputation damage.  This segment includes our IDENTITY GUARD^® product, which is primarily offered directly to consumers and organizations as an embedded product for its employees or consumers. Our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment includes our insurance and other membership products and services. Our Pet Health Monitoring segment includes the pet health monitoring platform and information management service provided by our subsidiary, i4c Innovations Inc. (“i4c”), which does business as Voyce. Our Bail Bonds Industry Solutions segment includes software management solutions for the bail bonds industry provided by Captira Analytical.

Recent Developments

Because our Pet Health monitoring segment has not generated revenue sufficient to support its operating expenses, we expect that our i4c subsidiary will need financing no later than December 31, 2016. We are considering various financing options and strategic alternatives, all of which will require the consent of our lender, including waivers of certain covenants and/or an amendment of the Credit Agreement, in order to avoid the possibility of an event of default. On October 27, 2016, we received a non-binding proposal from LHC, our largest stockholder, to (a) immediately make a $2 million bridge loan directly available to our i4c subsidiary, and (b) subsequently acquire our i4c subsidiary on or before January 15, 2017. LHC’s proposal is set forth in an amendment to its Schedule 13D filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2016. A Special Committee consisting of three independent members of our Board of Directors is overseeing the process of evaluating and negotiating this transaction. No definitive agreement has been reached with LHC or any other party, and there can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made or accepted, that any agreement will be executed or that any transaction will be completed. For additional information, please refer to the

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“Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We significantly increased our liquidity in March 2016 by entering into a credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Crystal Financial SPV LLC that provides for a $20.0 million term loan, which was fully funded at closing. We allocated $15.0 million of the net proceeds to our Pet Health Monitoring segment, which will be used to meet the liquidity demands of our new VOYCE PRO^™ product expansion. We are using the remaining net proceeds for general corporate purposes for our other business segments. The Credit Agreement requires that any future capital needs of our Pet Health Monitoring segment be funded from cash provided by its operations or a limited direct third party equity investment in that business. This structure is intended to provide our Pet Health Monitoring segment with the flexibility it needs to meet the demands associated with the rollout of its products and services while also providing our Personal Information Services and other segments with the flexibility they need to execute their plans independent of our Pet Health Monitoring segment’s capital needs. Please refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for further information.

Personal Information Services

Our Personal Information Services segment helps consumers understand, monitor, manage and protect against the risks associated with the inappropriate and sometimes criminal exposure of their personal information. Our current services include: providing credit reports, performing credit monitoring and providing educational credit scores and credit education; reports, monitoring and education about other personal information and risks, such as public records, identity validation, new account opening and Internet data risks; identity theft recovery services; identity theft cost reimbursement insurance; and software and other technology tools and services. Our resolution team applies its expertise to assist consumers with the remediation of confirmed identity theft events by providing pertinent documentation, communicating directly with creditors and placing fraud alerts on their behalf. We also offer breach response services to large and small organizations responding to compromises of sensitive personal information and other customer and employee data. We help these organizations notify the affected individuals and we provide the affected individuals with identity theft recovery and credit monitoring services. We continue to develop innovative new services to add to our IDENTITY GUARD^® portfolio and address the increasing awareness by consumers of the risks associated with their personal information.

Our growth strategy in this segment includes expanding our product offerings to include new personal information and identity theft protection capabilities, leveraging our IDENTITY GUARD^® brand and consumer direct marketing in the U.S. and Canada, and growing our partner marketing and distribution relationships in the U.S. and Canada. We believe the threat to consumers’ personal information goes beyond traditional credit monitoring. The proliferation of data breaches, the pervasive use of social media and the increased sophistication of cyber criminals requires a solution for consumers’ needs in the identity protection space. To effectively identify, manage and remediate these new threats to consumers, we launched Privacy Now^™ with Watson in October 2016. Privacy Now^™ with Watson is an identity theft monitoring and privacy advisory solution that can be personalized to each individual’s specific needs and is designed to protect the entire family. Privacy Now^™ with Watson maximizes the power of IBM Watson cognitive computing to offer consumers the traditional credit monitoring services as well as non-credit related preventative alert services, using previously unmonitored unstructured data sources and processes and safer web browsing tools. Privacy Now^™ with Watson also equips users to reduce their risk of identity theft by educating individuals on existing risks to their personal information and recommending personalized remediation actions. We believe it is the first product of its kind that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data, delivered through the IBM Watson technology platform. This platform is more scalable and adaptable than our legacy platform, which we believe will enable us to develop innovative new products and features for consumers and organizations more readily than in the past. We plan to focus on making Privacy Now^™ with Watson our leading offering to consumers in the U.S. and Canada.

We derive the substantial majority of our revenue from historical agreements with U.S. financial institutions, which constituted approximately 59% and 61% of our Personal Information Services segment revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Revenue from Bank of America, our largest financial institution client that ceased marketing of our services in 2011, constituted approximately 48% and 47% of our Personal Information Services segment revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We continue to provide our services to the subscribers we acquired through Bank of America before December 31, 2011, subject to normal attrition and other ongoing adjustments by us or Bank of America, which may result in cancellation of certain subscribers or groups of subscribers.

In the year ended December 31, 2015 and the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we successfully expanded our business with several new partner relationships including retail, communication and other industrial partners, to which we are offering our IDENTITY GUARD^® portfolio of services. As a result of these new partnerships as well as the launch of Privacy Now^™ with Watson, we expect to increase both subscribers and revenue in 2017.

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Insurance and Other Consumer Services

Our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment includes insurance and membership products for consumers, delivered on a subscription basis. We are not planning to develop new business in this segment and are experiencing normal subscriber attrition due to ceased marketing and retention efforts. Some of our legacy subscriber portfolios have been cancelled, and our continued servicing of other subscribers may be cancelled as a result of actions taken by one or more financial institutions.

Pet Health Monitoring

Our Pet Health Monitoring segment provides health and wellness monitoring products and services for veterinarians and pet owners through our subsidiary, i4c, which does business as Voyce. VOYCE^® is our pet health monitoring platform and information management service that collects, translates, monitors and distributes biometric data from our proprietary Health Monitors to veterinarians and consumers. The data we provide includes key animal vital signs like resting respiratory and heart rates, rest and quality of rest, activity and the intensity of that activity, distance traveled and caloric burn. This data enables pet owners and their veterinarian health advisors to monitor their pets remotely, thus replacing subjective observation-based reports from the pet owner with objective biometric data. VOYCE^® is not simply an activity tracker, like some other products in the market; rather, it is a sophisticated animal wellness monitoring device that uses unique technology to give enhanced feedback to pet owners and animal health professionals alike in a manner we believe never previously available. The interactive platform also offers several features including, but not limited to, highly relevant content written by top pet and veterinary experts, the ability to store medical records, set reminders and create and track goals for the pets.

Based on feedback from consumer marketing efforts in 2015 and encouraging interest expressed by the veterinarian community, we began focusing our development and marketing efforts on the veterinarian community and de-emphasized our consumer offering. We introduced VOYCE PRO^™ to the veterinary community in late 2015. VOYCE PRO^™ offers a program to remotely monitor dog patients and provide veterinarians with objective data to help identify and manage health conditions, monitor the efficacy of medications and treatment protocols and improve the communication between veterinarians and pet owners for improved compliance and care. We continue to contract with many veterinarian hospitals and offer training and onboarding programs to effectively deploy the service. In addition to contracts with independent veterinary practices throughout the U.S, our contracts have been expanded to include several leading national veterinary hospital owners and leading teaching hospitals in the U.S.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we expanded our internal business development and client relationship divisions to ensure wider coverage across the U.S. in order to educate veterinarians on the substantial benefits of the VOYCE^® products for pet owners. As a result of our concentrated efforts, we anticipate this segment’s revenue, and associated cost of revenue, to increase slightly in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016 and into 2017.

Bail Bonds Industry Solutions

Our Bail Bonds Industry Solutions segment includes the automated service solutions for the bail bonds industry provided by Captira Analytical. This segment’s proprietary solutions provide easy and efficient ways for bail bondsmen, general agents and sureties to organize and share data and make better decisions. Leveraging its existing software platform, we are continuing to expand into similarly challenged and underserved related industries. This segment’s operating results do not significantly impact our consolidated financial results.

Cost Restructuring

In 2014, our Board of Directors approved, and we initiated a plan intended to streamline operations and reduce the cost structure primarily in our Corporate business unit and Personal Information Services segment (the “Restructuring Plan”). The Restructuring Plan consisted primarily of a workforce reduction, including changes in key leadership positions, and was substantially completed in December 2015. We made these changes in order to better align our costs with the current operating environment and improve the progress of our product line growth initiatives. These measures represent more than $15.0 million of annualized cost savings.

In addition, as we continued to review our cost base in 2015 to achieve the original targeted cost reductions, we incurred additional severance expense in accordance with our ongoing benefit arrangement throughout our reporting segments. The severance actions decreased cash provided by operations in the year ended December 31, 2015 and are expected to decrease cash provided by operations in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016. Beginning in the first quarter of 2016, these actions began to achieve up to an additional $4.0 million of annualized cost savings through reductions to cost of services revenue and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. However, costs in our Pet Health Monitoring segment have and are expected to continue to increase, especially as we continue our marketing efforts through veterinarians, and costs may increase in our Personal Information Services segment to support growth initiatives. For additional information, please see Note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Management Estimates

In preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, we make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. The application of our critical accounting policies requires an evaluation of a number of complex criteria and significant accounting judgments by us. In applying those policies, our management uses its judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or conditions. We have identified the following policies as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our condensed consolidated results of operations. For further information on our critical and other accounting policies, please see Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue on 1) identity theft protection services, 2) insurance services, 3) other monthly membership products and transaction services and 4) the pet wellness products and services.

Our products and services are offered to consumers principally on a monthly subscription basis. Subscription fees billed by our clients are generally billed directly to the subscriber’s credit card, mortgage bill or demand deposit accounts. Subscription fees billed by us are generally billed directly to the subscriber’s credit card except for arrangements under which subscription fees are paid to us by our clients on behalf of the subscriber. The prices to subscribers of various configurations of our products and services range generally from $4.99 to $25.00 per month. As a means of allowing customers to become familiar with our services, our subscriptions typically are offered with trial, delayed billing or guaranteed refund periods. No revenues are recognized until applicable trial periods are completed.

Identity Theft Protection Services

We recognize revenue from our services when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain signed contracts with all of our clients and paper and electronic confirmations with individual purchasers, b) delivery has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed as sales are generally based on contract or list prices and payments from organizations are collected within 30 days with no significant write-offs, and d) collectability is reasonably assured as individual customers pay by credit card which has limited our risk of non-collection. Revenue for monthly subscriptions is recognized in the month the subscription fee is earned. We also generate revenue through a collaborative arrangement, which involves joint marketing and servicing activities. We recognize our share of revenues and expenses from this arrangement.

Revenue for annual subscription fees must be deferred if the subscriber has the right to cancel the service and the service is earned over the year. Annual subscriptions include subscribers with full refund provisions at any time during the subscription period and pro-rata refund provisions. Revenue related to annual subscriptions with full refund provisions is recognized on the expiration of these refund provisions. Revenue related to annual subscribers with pro-rata provisions is recognized based on a pro-rata share of revenue earned. An allowance for discretionary subscription refunds is established based on our historical experience. For subscriptions with refund provisions whereby only the prorated subscription fee is refunded upon cancellation by the subscriber, deferred subscription fees are recorded when billed and amortized as subscription fee revenue on a straight-line basis over the subscription period, generally one year.

We record revenue on a gross basis in the amount that we bill the subscriber when our arrangements provide for us to serve as the primary obligor in the transaction, we have latitude in establishing price and we bear the credit risk for the amount billed to the subscriber. We also provide services for which certain clients are the primary obligors directly to their customers. We record revenue in the amount that we bill certain clients, and not the amount billed to their customers, when our client is the primary obligor, establishes the price to the customer and bears the credit risk.

Revenue from these arrangements is recognized on a monthly basis when earned, which is at the time we provide the service. In some instances, we recognize revenue for the delivery of operational services including fulfillment events, information technology development hours or customer service minutes, rather than per customer fees.

Insurance Services

We recognize revenue from our services when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain paper and electronic confirmations with individual purchasers, b) delivery has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed as the price of the product is agreed to by the customer as a condition of the sales transaction which established the sales arrangement, and d) collectability is reasonably assured as evidenced by our collection of revenue through the monthly mortgage payments of our customers or through checking account debits to our customers’ accounts. Revenues from insurance contracts are recognized when

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earned. Our insurance products generally involve a trial period during which time the product is made available at no cost to the customer. No revenues are recognized until applicable trial periods are completed.

For insurance products, we record revenue on a net basis as we perform as an agent or broker for the insurance products without assuming the risks of ownership of the insurance products.

We participate in agency relationships with insurance carriers that underwrite insurance products offered by us. Accordingly, insurance premiums collected from customers and remitted to insurance carriers are excluded from our revenues and operating expenses. Insurance premiums collected but not remitted to insurance carriers as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 totaled $401 thousand and $444 thousand, respectively, and are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Other Membership Products and Transaction Services

For other membership products, we record revenue on a gross basis as we serve as the primary obligor in the transactions, have latitude in establishing price and bear credit risk for the amount billed to the subscriber.

Consulting services, primarily from our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment, are offered to customers primarily on a fixed fee, retainer or commission basis. We recognize revenue from our consulting services when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain contracts or electronic communication documenting the agreement, b) performance has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed as the price of the services is agreed to by the customer as a condition of the sales transaction which established the sales arrangement, and d) collectability is reasonably assured as evidenced through a strong history of payment by our customers with no significant write-offs. We record revenue on a gross basis in the amount that we bill the customer when our arrangements provide for us to serve as the primary obligor in the transaction, we have latitude in establishing price and we bear credit risk for the amount billed to the customer. We record the net amount as commissions earned if we do not serve as the primary obligor and do not have latitude in establishing prices.

We generate and recognize revenue from our services in our Bail Bonds Industry Solutions segment from providing management service solutions to the bail bond industry on a monthly subscription or transactional basis.

Pet Wellness Products and Services

We recognize revenue in our Pet Health Monitoring segment from the sale of the hardware, the VOYCE® and VOYCE PRO^™ subscription monitoring services and the fixed portion of shipping and handling receipts. We recognize revenue when: a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists as we maintain signed contracts with all of our clients and electronic confirmations with individual purchasers, b) delivery of the hardware and performance of the service has occurred, c) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed, stated refund privileges, if any, have lapsed and the price of the product is agreed to by the purchaser as a condition of the sales transaction and d) collectability is reasonably assured as evidenced through a history of payment by our clients with no significant write-offs and individual customers pay by credit card, which has limited our risk of non-collection. We recognize revenue on a gross basis in the amount that we bill the subscriber when our arrangements provide for us to serve as the primary obligor in the transaction, we have latitude in establishing price and we bear the credit risk for the amount billed to the subscriber. Service revenue for prepaid subscriptions is recognized ratably over the applicable service period. As VOYCE® and VOYCE PRO^™ are new products and sufficient history on the frequency of returns is unavailable to estimate a returns allowance, revenue is deferred until stated refund privileges, if any, lapse. Due to the deferral period, we currently do not have an allowance for discretionary product or subscription refunds. We will continue to monitor our actual returns in future periods in order to develop sufficient history on returns and cancellation privileges and may reevaluate the deferral periods.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, cost of hardware revenue is also deferred over the respective revenue deferral periods, and the expense is recorded in the same period as the associated revenue. The deferred cost of hardware revenue is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Free trials with no future service agreement are recognized immediately as expense under cost of service and hardware revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

We classify and recognize amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling as hardware revenue and amounts incurred related to shipping and handling as cost of hardware revenue in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill, Identifiable Intangibles and Other Long-Lived Assets

We record, as goodwill, the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in purchase transactions. We review our goodwill for impairment annually, as of October 31, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. As required by U.S. GAAP, goodwill is reflected as an asset in our Personal Information Services and Insurance and Other Consumer

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Services segments’ balance sheets, resulting from our acquisitions of White Sky Inc. and Habits at Work in 2015 as well as our prior acquisition of IISI Insurance Services Inc. (“IISI”), formerly known as Intersections Insurance Services Inc., in 2006.

In evaluating whether indicators of impairment exist, an initial assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment test can be utilized (commonly referred to as the step zero approach). For reporting units in which the qualitative assessment concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying value, the guidance eliminates the requirement to perform further goodwill impairment testing. For those reporting units where a significant change or event occurs, and where potential impairment indicators exist, we continue to utilize a two-step quantitative assessment to test goodwill for impairment. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include, among others (a) a significant decline in our expected future cash flows; (b) a sustained, significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization; (c) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; (d) unanticipated competition; (e) the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit; and (f) slower growth rates. Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of these assets and could have a material impact in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. The first step is a comparison of each reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. We estimate fair value using the best information available, using a combined income approach (discounted cash flow) and market based approach. The income approach measures the value of the reporting units by the present values of its economic benefits. These benefits can include revenue and cost savings. The market based approach measures the value of an entity through an analysis of recent sales or offerings of comparable companies and using revenue and other multiples of comparable companies as a reasonable basis to estimate our implied multiples. Value indications are developed by discounting expected cash flows to their present value at a rate of return that incorporates the risk-free rate for use of funds, trends within the industry, and risks associated with particular investments of similar type and quality as of the valuation date. In addition, we consider the uncertainty of realizing the projected cash flows in the analysis.

The estimated fair values of our reporting units are dependent on several significant assumptions, including our earnings projections, and cost of capital (discount rate). The projections use management’s best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period including business plans, growth rates in sales, costs, and estimates of future expected changes in operating margins and cash expenditures. Other significant estimates and assumptions include terminal value growth rates, estimates of future capital expenditures, changes in future working capital requirements and overhead cost allocation, based on each reporting unit’s relative benefit received from the functions that reside in our Corporate business unit. We perform a detailed analysis of our Corporate overhead costs for purposes of establishing the overhead allocation baseline for the projection period. Overhead allocation methods include, but are not limited to, the percentage of the payroll within each reporting unit, allocation of existing support function costs based on estimated usage by the reporting units, and vendor specific costs incurred by Corporate that can be reasonably attributed to a particular reporting unit. These allocations are adjusted over the projected period in our discounted cash flow analysis based on the forecasted changing relative needs of the reporting units. Throughout the forecast period, the majority of Corporate’s total overhead expenses are allocated to our Personal Information Services reporting unit. We believe this overhead allocation method fairly allocates costs to each reporting unit, and we will continue to review, and possibly refine, these allocation methods as our businesses grow and mature. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying each to the analysis of the recoverability of goodwill.

We estimate fair value giving consideration to both the income and market approaches. Consideration is given to the line of business and operating performance of the entities being valued relative to those of actual transactions, potentially subject to corresponding economic, environmental, and political factors considered to be reasonable investment alternatives.

If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with its goodwill carrying value to measure the amount of impairment charge, if any. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. In other words, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit (including any unrecognized intangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of that reporting unit was the purchase price paid. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

As of September 30, 2016, goodwill of $347 thousand resided in our Insurance and Other Consumer Services reporting unit and goodwill of $9.4 million resided in our Personal Information Services reporting unit after the reclassification of one of our business lines. For additional information, please see Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. There is no goodwill remaining in our other reporting units.

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We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, property and equipment and other long-term assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Significant judgments in this area involve determining whether a triggering event has occurred and determining the future cash flows for assets involved. In conducting our analysis, we would compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the long-lived assets to the related net book values. If the undiscounted cash flows exceed the net book value, the long-lived assets are considered not to be impaired. If the net book value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge is measured and recognized. An impairment charge is measured as the difference between the net book value and the fair value of the long-lived assets. Fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows associated with these assets.

Intangible assets subject to amortization may include customer, marketing and technology related intangibles, as well as trademarks. Such intangible assets, excluding customer related intangibles, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are generally two to ten years. Customer related intangible assets are amortized on either a straight-line or accelerated basis, depending upon the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used up.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including projected future taxable income and future reversal of existing deferred tax assets and liabilities, sufficient sources of taxable income in available carryback periods, tax-planning strategies, and historical results of recent operations. The assumptions about future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three trailing years of cumulative operating income (loss). Valuation allowances are provided, if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in tax laws and rates may affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities and our effective tax rate in the future.

Accounting for income taxes in interim periods provides that at the end of each interim period we are required to make our best estimate of the consolidated effective tax rate expected to be applicable for our full calendar year. The rate so determined shall be used in providing for income taxes on a consolidated current year-to-date basis. Further, the rate is reviewed, if necessary, as of the end of each successive interim period during the year to our best estimate of our annual effective tax rate.

In addition to the amount of tax resulting from applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to income from operations before income taxes, we may include certain items treated as discrete events to arrive at an estimated overall tax amount.

We believe that our tax positions comply with applicable tax law. As a matter of course, we may be audited by various taxing authorities and these audits may result in proposed assessments where the ultimate resolution may result in us owing additional taxes. U.S. GAAP addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. We may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. U.S. GAAP provides guidance on how an enterprise should determine whether a tax position is effectively settled for the purpose of recognizing previously unrecognized tax benefits.

Our income tax expense and liability and/or receivable, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and liabilities for uncertain tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid or received. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the life of the related debt agreements. The effective interest rate applied to the amortization is reviewed periodically and may change if actual principal repayments of the term loan differ from estimates. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, short-term and long-term debt are presented net of the unamortized debt issuance costs in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Classification of Debt

Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, we are required to make certain prepayments on our term loan with Crystal Financial SPV LLC in addition to scheduled quarterly repayments, including but not limited to proceeds received from certain tax refunds, asset

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dispositions, extraordinary receipts, excess cash flows (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and equity issuances, except for proceeds from the sale of up to 20% of the equity of our subsidiary, i4c, which may be invested in the business of i4c. Scheduled quarterly repayments and estimated prepayments that we expect to remit in the next twelve months are classified as the current portion of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated financial statements, net of unamortized debt issuance costs to be amortized in the next twelve months based on the current effective interest rate applied.

Share Based Compensation

We currently issue equity and equity-based awards under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Individual awards under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan may take the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and/or restricted stock units.

The Compensation Committee administers the Plan, selects the individuals who will receive awards and establishes the terms and conditions of those awards. Restricted stock units in the Plan that have expired, terminated, or been canceled or forfeited are available for issuance or use in connection with future awards.

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value all options and the straight-line method to amortize this fair value as compensation cost over the requisite service period. The fair value of each option granted has been estimated as of the date of grant with the following weighted-average assumptions for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we did not grant stock options.  

Expected Dividend Yield. Under the Credit Agreement, we are currently prohibited from declaring and paying dividends and therefore, the dividend yield was zero.

Expected Volatility. The expected volatility of options granted was estimated based upon our historical share price volatility based on the expected term of the underlying grants, or approximately 45%.

Risk-free Interest Rate. The yield on actively traded non-inflation indexed U.S. Treasury notes was used to extrapolate an average risk-free interest rate based on the expected term of the underlying grants, or approximately 1.1%.

Expected Term. The expected term of options granted was determined by considering employees’ historical exercise patterns, or approximately 4.8 years. We will continue to review our estimate in the future and adjust it, if necessary, due to changes in our historical exercises.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we assess the probability that the performance conditions of our performance-based restricted stock units (“PBRSUs”) will be achieved and record share based compensation expense based on the probable outcome of that performance condition. Vesting of the PBRSUs is dependent upon continued employment and achievement of defined performance goals for the year, which is based upon Adjusted EBITDA as defined and determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. We recognize the share based compensation expense ratably over the implied service period. The PBRSUs will vest no later than March 15 of the following year. We may make changes to our assessment of probability and therefore, adjust share based compensation expense accordingly throughout the vesting period.

In addition, we estimate forfeitures based on historical stock option and restricted stock unit activity on a grant by grant basis. We consider many factors in our estimated forfeiture rate including, but not limited to, historical actual forfeitures by type of employee and one-time unusual events. We may make changes to that estimate throughout the vesting period based on actual activity. If actual forfeitures occur prior to the vest date and the pre-vest forfeiture amount exceeds the estimated forfeiture rate, we reverse the cumulative share based compensation expense for the unvested grants. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we ensure that the share based compensation expense is equivalent to actual vestings prior to, or at, the actual vesting date on a grant by grant basis.

Contingent Liabilities

The Company may become involved in other litigation as a result of our normal business operations. We periodically analyze currently available information and make a determination of the probability of loss and provide a range of possible loss when we believe that sufficient and appropriate information is available. We accrue a liability for those contingencies where the incurrence of a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a loss is probable and a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated but no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount in the range, then the minimum of the range is accrued. We do not accrue a liability when the likelihood that the liability has been incurred is believed to be probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the likelihood that a liability has been incurred is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the impact could potentially be material, we disclose the nature of the contingency and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss.

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Accounting Standards Updates Recently Adopted and Accounting Standards Updates Not Yet Effective

For information about accounting standards updates recently adopted and accounting standards updates not yet effective, please see Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (all tables are in thousands, except percentages):

The condensed consolidated results of operations are as follows:

 

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Personal Information Services Segment

Income from operations for our Personal Information Services segment decreased in the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in income from operations is primarily due to decreased revenue from our U.S. financial institution clients, partially offset by decreased cost of services revenue, marketing and commission expenses.

Services Revenue. The decrease in revenue is primarily due to a $3.7 million decline in revenue from our Bank of America and other financial institution clients, which is primarily the result of normal subscriber attrition within the portfolios we continue to service. Due to our ceased marketing and retention efforts, we expect revenue and related earnings from our financial institution client base to continue to decrease.

The decrease in revenue and subscribers in our consumer direct business line is primarily due to decreased marketing efforts in the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015. We expect this trend to continue for the remainder of 2016; however, we expect increased revenue and subscribers in 2017 in connection with the October 2016 launch of our innovative new identity theft protection product, Privacy Now^™ with Watson, as well as from our expanded suite of IDENTITY GUARD^® services in relation to several new partner relationships, including retail, communication and other industrial partners.

In August 2016, our Canadian joint marketing agreement began transitioning to a new partner. The senior management of our new partner has extensive experience in the identity theft monitoring business and has relationships with both existing and prospective Canadian channel partners, which we expect will promote the growth of our Canadian market share. We expect this transition to be completed in early 2017. Although not expected, this transition may have an unfavorable impact to the existing Canadian subscriber base, which could negatively impact revenue. The following tables provide details of our Personal Information Services segment revenue and subscriber information for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

Personal Information Services Segment Revenue

 

 

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Personal Information Services Segment Subscribers

 

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses consist of subscriber acquisition costs, including affiliate marketing payments, search engine marketing, web-based marketing, print and direct mail expenses such as printing and postage. In the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, our marketing expenses resulted primarily from marketing activity for consumer direct and Canadian subscriber acquisitions, which decreased in the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015. Amortization of deferred subscription solicitation costs related to marketing of our products for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $2.6 million and $4.1 million, respectively. Marketing costs that do not meet the criteria for capitalization and are expensed as incurred were $583 thousand and $603 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We expect marketing costs to increase in 2017 in relation to our launch of Privacy Now^™ with Watson.

As a percentage of revenue, marketing expenses decreased to 7.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 10.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Commission Expenses. Commission expenses consist of commissions paid to clients. The decrease is related to a decrease in overall subscribers for which commissions are paid, which is largely from our financial institution subscriber base. We expect our commission expenses to continue to decline in future quarters primarily due to normal attrition of subscribers in client portfolios with no new marketing activity.

As a percentage of revenue, commission expenses decreased slightly to 24.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 24.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of Services Revenue. Cost of revenue consists of the costs of operating our customer service and information processing centers, data costs, and billing costs for subscribers and one-time transactional sales. The decrease is primarily due to lower volumes of data fulfillment and service costs for subscribers, partially offset by an increase in the effective rates for data. We continue to negotiate the pricing of the supply of credit bureau data with certain of the credit bureaus. If we are not successful, we could continue to realize increased expenses for higher effective data rates in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016 and into 2017.

As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue decreased to 33.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 34.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist of personnel and facilities expenses associated with our sales, marketing, information technology, program and account management functions, as well as certain fixed expenses related to customer service, account administration and fulfillment activities and certain legal and other corporate overhead costs. The increase is primarily due to an expense for pro-rata portion of bonuses for senior management, which are contingent upon the achievement of certain financial measures and approval by the Compensation Committee, to be paid in early 2017. The increase was partially offset by the resolution of a non-income tax audit. For additional information on our non-income tax liability, please see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses increased to 24.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 21.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Depreciation. Depreciation consists primarily of depreciation of our fixed assets and capitalized software. We expect depreciation to increase over the next twelve months as we place into service the internally developed capitalized software related to the development of Privacy Now^™ with Watson.

As a percentage of revenue, depreciation increased slightly to 2.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 2.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Amortization. Amortization consists primarily of the amortization of our intangible assets.

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Goodwill. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we did not identify any triggering events related to our goodwill and therefore were not required to test our goodwill for impairment. To the extent our Personal Information Services reporting unit realizes unfavorable actual results compared to forecasted results, or decreases forecasted results compared to previous forecasts, or in the event the estimated fair value of the reporting unit decreases, we may incur additional impairment charges in the future. Future impairment charges in this reporting unit will be recognized in the operating results of our Personal Information Services segment and our Insurance and Other Consumer Service segment, based on a pro-rata allocation.

Insurance and Other Consumer Services Segment

Income from operations for this segment for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015, is primarily due to decreased general and administrative and commission expenses, partially offset by decreased revenue.

Services Revenue. The decrease in revenue continues to be due to the attrition in our existing subscriber base as well as portfolio cancellations, which consists of purchasers of both insurance and membership services that have recurring subscription benefits, and minimal new subscription sales due to substantially ceased marketing efforts by most of our clients for these products. We had approximately 57 thousand subscribers as of September 30, 2016, which is a 27.8% decrease from our subscriber base of 79 thousand subscribers as of September 30, 2015.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses consist of subscriber acquisition costs, including partner marketing payments, print and direct mail expenses such as printing and postage.

As a percentage of revenue, marketing expenses were less than 1.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Commission Expenses. Commission expenses consist of commissions paid to our clients and other partners. The decrease is related to a decrease in overall subscribers for which commissions are paid. We expect our commission expenses to continue to decline in future periods primarily due to normal attrition of subscribers in our existing portfolios with no new marketing activity.

As a percentage of revenue, commission expenses decreased to 32.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 34.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of Services Revenue. Cost of revenue consists of the costs of operating our customer service center and network costs for subscribers. The decrease is primarily due to decreased payroll-related costs from a reduction in headcount in our customer services function.

As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased slightly to 8.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 8.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist of personnel and facilities expenses associated with our sales, marketing, information technology and program and account management functions. The decrease is primarily due to decreased severance and severance-related benefits.

We determined the majority of the earn-out provisions in the business we acquired from Habits at Work in March 2015 to be share based compensation expense. In the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded share based compensation expense in this segment of $208 thousand and $232 thousand, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 55.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 73.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

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Depreciation. Depreciation expenses consist primarily of depreciation of our fixed assets. Depreciation decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, depreciation decreased to 1.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 2.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Amortization. Amortization expenses consist primarily of the amortization of our intangible assets. Amortization expense decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, amortization decreased to 1.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 4.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Goodwill. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we concluded that the change in the management of one of our business lines and the resulting adjustments to our forecasts represented a triggering event, and we completed an interim impairment test of the goodwill. We determined that goodwill was not impaired and that the fair value was significantly in excess of carrying value. To the extent our Insurance and Other Consumer Services reporting unit realizes unfavorable actual results compared to forecasted results, or decreases forecasted results compared to previous forecasts, or in the event the estimated fair value of the reporting unit decreases, we may incur additional impairment charges in the future.

Pet Health Monitoring Segment

Loss from operations in our Pet Health Monitoring segment increased in the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to increased payroll-related costs. We continue to contract with many independent veterinary hospitals, national veterinary practices and teaching hospitals, and we have an exclusive arrangement with a leading value-added distributor serving the veterinary market to distribute VOYCE PRO^™, our service provided through veterinarians.

Services and Hardware Revenue. Revenue increased slightly in the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we continued to expand our business development and client relationship divisions to ensure wider coverage across the U.S. With our expanded business development and client relationship divisions, and through our continued partnership with our exclusive distribution partner, we expect revenue from the VOYCE PRO^™ offering to increase slightly in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016 as we onboard and train veterinary hospitals and increase sales. We defer revenue on the sale of the hardware and subscription service until return and stated refund rights, if any, have substantially lapsed, resulting in a deferred revenue balance of $34 thousand as of September 30, 2016.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses consist of subscriber acquisition costs, including demonstrations, conferences, advertising and printed materials for our VOYCE PRO^™ offering, which do not meet the criteria for capitalization. We expect to continue to incur marketing expenses for our VOYCE PRO^™ service in the future.

Cost of Services and Hardware Revenue. Cost of revenue consists of product and manufacturing costs, taxes and other fees, content development and customer service costs associated with our hardware and subscription service. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, cost of hardware revenue increased primarily due to an $801 thousand adjustment for surplus and obsolete inventories. We defer the cost of hardware revenue and recognize the expense in the same period as the associated revenue, and our deferred cost of revenue balance was $9 thousand as of September 30, 2016. We expect cost of services and hardware revenues to increase in future periods as our sales increase, though we continue to improve both the cost and technological aspects of our products to improve the gross margin on sales. Failure to generate future revenue or profits within our projected timeframe, changing market

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demand, technological advances, or other factors may result in future impairment charges related to our Health Monitor inventory. Future additional impairment charges or other losses related to our inventory could be material.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist of personnel and facilities expenses associated with our executive, sales, information technology, program and account management functions. The increase is primarily due to increased payroll-related costs for our business development and client relationship divisions and increased professional fees.

Depreciation. Depreciation consists primarily of depreciation expense related to our fixed assets. Depreciation increased slightly in the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Amortization. Amortization consists primarily of the amortization of our intangible assets.

Bail Bonds Industry Solutions Segment

Loss from operations in our Bail Bonds Industry Solutions Segment increased slightly for three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Services Revenue. The increase in revenue is the result of revenue from new clients as we leverage our existing software platform and expand our services to other related industries. We expect to expand our services and continue to acquire additional clients and, as a result, we expect revenue to continue to increase in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses consist of advertising costs, web-based marketing and other marketing program expenses. Marketing expenses decreased slightly for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, marketing expenses decreased to 1.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 3.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Commission Expenses. Commission expenses consist of commissions paid to our partners. Commission expense decreased slightly for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, commission expenses decreased slightly to 1.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 1.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of Services Revenue. Cost of services revenue consists of monitoring and credit bureau expenses. Cost of services revenue increased for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased to 15.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 10.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist of personnel and facilities expenses associated with our sales, marketing, information technology, and account functions. General and administrative expenses increased in the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 113.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 116.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

Depreciation. Depreciation consists primarily of depreciation of our fixed assets. Depreciation increased for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, depreciation increased to 5.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from 3.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

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Corporate

In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we implemented an allocation policy to charge a portion of general and administrative expenses from our Corporate business unit into our other segments. The charge is a reasonable estimate of the services provided by our Corporate business unit to support each segment’s operations. For comparability, the results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2015 have been recast to reflect this allocation. For additional information, please see Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, our loss from operations of $3.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively, primarily consisted of general and administrative and depreciation expenses. General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of executive, legal, human resources, finance and internal audit expenses that have not been attributed to a particular reportable segment. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $3.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to savings from our 2015 severance actions and decreased professional fees. Total share based compensation expense in our Corporate business unit for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $2.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The increase in share based compensation expense is primarily due to the May 2016 grant of performance based restricted stock units to certain members of senior management. For additional information, please see Note 18 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (all tables are in thousands, except percentages):

The condensed consolidated results of operations are as follows:

 

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______________________________

Personal Information Services Segment

Income from operations for our Personal Information Services segment decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in income from operations is primarily due to decreased revenue from our U.S. financial institution clients resulting from both ceased marketing and the prior cancellations of certain subscriber portfolios and, to a lesser extent, lower revenue from our Canadian business lines, partially offset by decreased cost of services revenue and commission expenses.

Services Revenue. The decrease in revenue was partially due to a $9.3 million decline in revenue from our Bank of America subscriber portfolio, which is primarily the result of normal subscriber attrition. Revenue from other financial institution clients declined $6.0 million as a result of certain subscriber portfolio cancellations in the first half of 2015 and subscriber attrition within the portfolios we continue to service. Due to the cancellations in 2015 and subscriber attrition, we expect revenue and related earnings from our financial institution client base to continue to decrease. Revenue from our Canadian Business lines declined $5.0 million primarily as a result of financial institution subscriber portfolio cancellations in the first half of 2015.

The decrease in revenue in our consumer direct business line is primarily due to decreased marketing efforts in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. We expect this trend to continue for the remainder of 2016; however, we expect increased revenue and subscribers in 2017 in connection with the October 2016 launch of our innovative new identity theft protection product, Privacy Now^™ with Watson, as well as from our expanded suite of IDENTITY GUARD^® services in relation to several new partner relationships, including retail, communication and other industrial partners.

We expect revenue declines in our Canadian business lines on a year-over-year basis due to the 2015 subscriber portfolio cancellations; however, we expect to maintain approximately the current level of subscribers for the remainder of 2016. In August 2016, our Canadian joint marketing agreement began transitioning to a new partner. We believe our new partner, who has previous experience in the identity theft monitoring business and has existing relationships with Canadian businesses, will be successful in growing our Canadian market share. We expect this transition to be completed in early 2017. Although not expected, it is possible that there could be an unfavorable impact to the existing Canadian subscriber base, which could negatively impact revenue. The following tables provide details of our Personal Information Services segment revenue and subscriber information for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

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Personal Information Services Segment Revenue

Personal Information Services Segment Subscribers

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Marketing Expenses. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, our marketing expenses resulted primarily from marketing activity for consumer direct and Canadian subscriber acquisitions, which decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Amortization of deferred subscription solicitation costs related to marketing of our products for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $9.2 million and $12.3 million, respectively. Marketing costs that do not meet the criteria for capitalization and are expensed as incurred were $1.0 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We expect marketing costs to increase in 2017 in relation to our launch of Privacy Now^™ with Watson.

As a percentage of revenue, marketing expenses decreased to 8.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 9.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Commission Expenses. The decrease is related to a decrease in overall subscribers for which commissions are paid, which is largely from our financial institution subscriber base. We expect our commission expenses to continue to decline in future quarters primarily due to normal attrition of subscribers in client portfolios with no new marketing activity.

As a percentage of revenue, commission expenses decreased slightly to 24.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 24.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of Services Revenue. The decrease is primarily due to lower volumes of data fulfillment and service costs for subscribers, partially offset by an increase in the effective rates for data. We continue to negotiate the pricing of the supply of credit bureau data with certain of the credit bureaus. If we are not successful, we could continue to realize increased expenses for higher effective data rates in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016 and into 2017.

As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue decreased slightly to 32.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 32.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

General and Administrative Expenses. The decrease is primarily due to increased capitalization of software development costs related to Privacy Now^™ with Watson as well as the resolution of certain non-income tax audits, partially offset by an expense for pro-rata portion of bonuses for senior management, which are contingent upon the achievement of certain financial measures and approval by the Compensation Committee, to be paid in early 2017. For additional information on our non-income tax liability, please see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses increased to 23.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 20.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Depreciation. The increase is primarily due to depreciation on new asset additions placed into service in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, partially offset by assets that were fully depreciated in prior periods. We expect depreciation to increase over the next twelve months as we place into service the internally developed capitalized software related to the development of Privacy Now^™ with Watson.

As a percentage of revenue, depreciation increased slightly to 2.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 2.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Amortization. The increase is primarily due to amortization on new asset additions related to our acquisition of White Sky Inc. that were placed into service in the second half of 2015.

Goodwill. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we did not identify any triggering events related to our goodwill and therefore were not required to test our goodwill for impairment. To the extent our Personal Information Services reporting unit realizes unfavorable actual results compared to forecasted results, or decreases forecasted results compared to previous forecasts, or in the event the estimated fair value of the reporting unit decreases, we may incur additional impairment charges in the future. Future impairment charges in this reporting unit will be recognized in the operating results of our Personal Information Services segment and our Insurance and Other Consumer Service segment, based on a pro-rata allocation.

Insurance and Other Consumer Services Segment

Loss from operations for our Insurance and Other Consumer Services segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, is primarily due to decreased revenue, partially offset by decreased commission expenses and cost of services revenue.

Services Revenue. The decrease in revenue continues to be due to the attrition in our existing subscriber base as well as portfolio cancellations, which consists of purchasers of both insurance and membership services that have recurring subscription benefits, and minimal new subscription sales due to substantially ceased marketing efforts by most of our clients for these products. We had approximately 57 thousand subscribers as of September 30, 2016, which is a 27.8% decrease from our subscriber base of 79 thousand subscribers as of September 30, 2015.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, marketing expenses were less than 1.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Commission Expenses. The decrease is related to a decrease in overall subscribers for which commissions are paid. We expect our commission expenses to continue to decline in future periods primarily due to normal attrition of subscribers in our existing portfolios with no new marketing activity.

As a percentage of revenue, commission expenses increased to 32.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 31.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of Services Revenue. The decrease is primarily due to decreased payroll-related costs from a reduction in headcount in our customer services function. There were no severance and severance-related benefits in this segment in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Severance and severance-related benefits allocated to our customer services function, and therefore included in cost of services revenue, in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were $258 thousand.

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As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue decreased to 6.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 10.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

General and Administrative Expenses. The slight decrease is primarily due to decreased severance and severance-related benefits.

We determined the majority of the earn-out provisions in the business we acquired from Habits at Work in March 2015 to be share based compensation expense. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we recorded share based compensation expense in this segment of $826 thousand and $561 thousand, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Beginning in September 2016, share based compensation related to our Habits at Work business is included in the operating results of our Corporate business unit. For additional information, please see Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses increased to 64.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 50.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Depreciation. Depreciation decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, depreciation decreased slightly to 1.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 1.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Amortization. Amortization expense decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, amortization decreased slightly to 3.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 3.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Goodwill. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we concluded that the change in the management of one of our business lines and the resulting adjustments to our forecasts represented a triggering event, and we completed an interim impairment test of the goodwill. We determined that goodwill was not impaired and that the fair value was significantly in excess of carrying value. To the extent our Insurance and Other Consumer Services reporting unit realizes unfavorable actual results compared to forecasted results, or decreases forecasted results compared to previous forecasts, or in the event the estimated fair value of the reporting unit decreases, we may incur additional impairment charges in the future.

Pet Health Monitoring Segment

Loss from operations in our Pet Health Monitoring segment increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to increased payroll-related costs, partially offset by decreased marketing expenses. We continue to contract with many independent veterinary hospitals, national veterinary practices and teaching hospitals, and we have an exclusive arrangement with a leading value-added distributor serving the veterinary market to distribute VOYCE PRO^™, our service provided through veterinarians.

Services and Hardware Revenue. Revenue increased slightly in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we continued to expand our business development and client relationship divisions to ensure wider coverage across the U.S. With our expanded business development and client relationship divisions, and through our continued partnership with our exclusive distribution partner, we expect revenue from

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the VOYCE PRO^™ offering to increase slightly in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016 as we onboard and train veterinary hospitals and increase sales. We defer revenue on the sale of the hardware and subscription service until return and stated refund rights, if any, have substantially lapsed, resulting in a deferred revenue balance of $34 thousand as of September 30, 2016.

Marketing Expenses. We incurred marketing and advertising costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily associated with the launch of VOYCE^®. Subsequently, we substantially reduced marketing of the consumer offering and launched VOYCE PRO^™. We expect to continue to incur marketing expenses for our VOYCE PRO^™ service in the future.

Cost of Services and Hardware Revenue. The increase in cost of hardware revenue is primarily due to an $801 thousand adjustment for surplus and obsolete inventories. We defer the cost of hardware revenue and recognize the expense in the same period as the associated revenue, and our deferred cost of revenue balance was $9 thousand as of September 30, 2016. We expect cost of services and hardware revenues to increase in future periods as our sales increase, though we continue to improve both the cost and technological aspects of our products to improve the gross margin on sales. Failure to generate future revenue or profits within our projected timeframe, changing market demand, technological advances, or other factors may result in future impairment charges related to our Health Monitor inventory. Future additional impairment charges or other losses related to our inventory could be material.

General and Administrative Expenses. The increase is primarily due to increased payroll-related costs for our business development and client relationship divisions.

Depreciation. Depreciation increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as new assets were placed into service related to our product launch in March 2015.

Amortization. Amortization began in the three months ended June 30, 2015.

Bail Bonds Industry Solutions Segment

Loss from operations in our Bail Bonds Industry Solutions Segment decreased for nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in loss from operations is primarily due to increased revenue.

Services Revenue. The increase in revenue is the result of revenue from new clients as we leverage our existing software platform and expand our services to other related industries, as well as increased revenue from existing clients. We expect to expand our services and continue to acquire additional clients, and as a result, we expect revenue to continue to increase in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016.

Marketing Expenses. Marketing expenses increased slightly for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, marketing expenses increased to 2.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 1.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Commission Expenses. Commission expense decreased slightly for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, commission expenses decreased to 0.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 1.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Cost of Services Revenue.  Cost of services revenue increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased to 11.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 10.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

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General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to decreased payroll-related costs.

As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 105.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 115.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Depreciation. Depreciation increased slightly for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

As a percentage of revenue, depreciation decreased to 5.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from 4.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Corporate

In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we implemented an allocation policy to charge a portion of general and administrative expenses from our Corporate business unit into our other segments. The charge is a reasonable estimate of the services provided by our Corporate business unit to support each segment’s operations. For comparability, the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 have been recast to reflect this allocation. For additional information, please see Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our loss from operations of $9.4 million primarily consisted of general and administrative and depreciation expenses. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our loss from operations of $19.0 million primarily consisted of general and administrative and depreciation expenses and an impairment charge related to our acquisition of White Sky. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $9.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to savings from our 2015 severance actions and decreased professional fees. Total share based compensation expense in our Corporate business unit for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $4.1 million and $3.9 million, respectively.

In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we were required to remeasure our long-term investment in White Sky to fair value immediately prior to the acquisition. We remeasured the fair value of White Sky using the stock and cash consideration paid to acquire substantially all the assets, less the estimated liquidating shareholder distributions to us, which resulted in an acquisition-date fair value of our investment of approximately $1.0 million. Since the carrying value of $8.4 million was in excess of the acquisition-date fair value, we recorded an impairment charge of $7.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $621 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $71 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Interest expense was $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $153 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase is primarily due to interest related to the Credit Agreement, which was funded in March 2016. As a result of the outstanding debt, we expect to continue to incur significant interest expense until maturity. For additional information, please see Note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other Expense, net

Other expense was $234 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $65 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Other expense was $414 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared $137 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase is primarily due to the reversal of an unrealized foreign currency exchange gain related to the resolution of a non-income tax audit. For additional information, please see Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

Our consolidated effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was 1.6% and 35.5%, respectively. Our consolidated effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was 0.7% and (56.3)%, respectively. The change is primarily due to the change in the valuation allowance.

We continued to evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence including, but not limited to, our three-year cumulative loss, as adjusted for permanent items; insufficient sources of taxable income in prior carryback periods in order to utilize all of the existing definite-lived net deferred tax assets; unavailability of prudent and feasible tax-planning strategies; negative adjustments to our projected taxable income; and scheduling of the future reversals of existing temporary differences. As a result, we were not able to recognize a net tax benefit associated with our pre-tax loss in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016, as

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there has been no change to the conclusion from the year ended December 31, 2015 that it was more likely than not that we would not generate sufficient taxable income in the foreseeable future to realize our net deferred tax assets.

The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable as of September 30, 2016 could be adjusted if facts and circumstances in future reporting periods change, including, but not limited to, generating sufficient future taxable income in the carryforward periods. If certain substantial changes in the entity’s ownership were to occur, there would be an annual limitation on the amount of the carryforwards that can be utilized in the future. The remaining deferred tax liability as of September 30, 2016 relates to an indefinite-lived intangible.

There were no material changes to our uncertain tax positions during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2016 or 2015.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash and cash equivalents were $13.8 million as of September 30, 2016 compared to $11.5 million as of December 31, 2015. Our cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments and may include short-term U.S. Treasury securities with original maturity dates of less than or equal to 90 days.

Our accounts receivable balance was $9.3 million as of September 30, 2016 compared to $8.2 million as of December 31, 2015. The likelihood of non-payment has historically been remote with respect to our consumer direct, financial institution and insurance services clients billed, however, we do provide for an allowance for doubtful accounts with respect to breach response services, health and wellness consulting and bail bonds clients. In addition, we provide for a refund allowance, which is included in liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, against transactions that may be refunded in subsequent months. This allowance is based on historical results.

We had a working capital surplus of $8.8 million as of September 30, 2016 compared to $14.6 million as of December 31, 2015. Working capital as of September 30, 2016 includes proceeds of $18.1 million, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, from the Credit Agreement completed in March 2016, described below. Our short-term and long-term liquidity depends primarily upon our level of net income, cash balances, working capital management, and the resolution of our Pet Health Monitoring segment liquidity needs as described below.

Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain at all times minimum cash on hand, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of at least 40% of the total amount outstanding under the term loan. In addition, during the term of the Credit Agreement, additional capital needs of our Pet Health Monitoring segment must be funded from the cash it generates from operations or from new equity capital raised by our i4c subsidiary, subject to the limitations described below. Cash and cash equivalents in our i4c subsidiary were $5.0 million as of September 30, 2016.

We believe that the cash and cash equivalents on hand for all of our business segments in the aggregate excluding the Pet Health Monitoring segment, and anticipated cash provided by operations of those business segments, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated working capital requirements of those business segments, for the next twelve months. However, because our Pet Health Monitoring segment has not generated revenue sufficient to support its operating expenses, we expect that our i4c subsidiary will need financing no later than December 31, 2016. If we are unable to obtain financing for our i4c subsidiary before it runs out of cash or obtain a waiver of certain covenants in the Credit Agreement, we will not remain in compliance with all of the covenants, which could constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreement. If we do not obtain an amendment to, or waiver or forbearance under, the Credit Agreement, the lender is entitled to exercise any and all remedies available to it upon the occurrence of an event of default, including the option to accelerate the debt and possibly foreclose on substantially all of our assets, which serve as collateral for the obligations under the Credit Agreement. If this should occur, we may not be able to repay all of the outstanding debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it, and even if new financing is then available to us, it may not be on acceptable terms.

We are considering various financing options and strategic alternatives that may be available to us. We believe that substantially all such options, including a closure of the Pet Health Monitoring segment, would require the consent of our lender including waivers of certain covenants and/or an amendment of the Credit Agreement in order to avoid the possibility of an event of default. On October 27, 2016, we received a non-binding proposal from Loeb Holding Corporation (“LHC”), our largest stockholder, to (a) immediately make a $2 million bridge loan directly available to our i4c subsidiary, and (b) subsequently acquire our i4c subsidiary on or before January 15, 2017. LHC’s proposal is set forth in an amendment to its Schedule 13D filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2016. A Special Committee consisting of three independent members of our Board of Directors is overseeing the process of evaluating and negotiating this transaction. No definitive agreement has been reached with LHC or any other party, and there can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made or accepted, that any agreement will be executed or that any transaction will be completed. We are in discussions with our current lender regarding an amendment and/or waiver to our Credit

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Agreement, including their potential consent of the LHC transaction and to determine the applicable financial covenants subsequent to the transaction closing. There can be no assurances that we will be able to successfully reach agreement with our lender, which could lead to an event of default. We have no commitments to obtain any additional funds from any other third parties, and there can be no assurances that any financing will be available on acceptable terms to execute an alternative to the LHC transaction or a closure of the Pet Health Monitoring segment. If additional funds are raised for this or any other purpose through the issuance of either our equity or equity-like securities or of our i4c subsidiary, existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and if we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt securities or other borrowings, such securities or borrowings could have rights senior to common stock and will likely contain covenants that restrict operations. If we raise additional funds, enter into the LHC transaction or an alternative proposal to divest our i4c subsidiary, or close the i4c subsidiary, we may incur transaction and other costs that could have a material negative impact on our cash and cash equivalents, and in combination with other non-cash charges could have a material negative impact on our results of operations.

The decrease in cash flows from operations is primarily due to the cancellations of certain subscriber portfolios by U.S. and Canadian financial institution clients in the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which led to decreased revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Additionally, consolidated cash flows from operations continued to be impacted by the loss from operations generated in our Pet Health Monitoring segment, which increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Costs in our Pet Health Monitoring segment have and may continue to increase in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016, especially as we continue our sales and marketing efforts through veterinarians, and costs may increase in our Personal Information Services segment to support growth initiatives, which may decrease the segment’s cash flows from operations.

Subsequent to September 30, 2016, we received $1.5 million in accordance with our settlement agreement with Costco, which was executed in October 2016. For additional information, please see Note 21 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, we paid $1.2 million to formally resolve a previously recorded non-income tax liability. We continue to correspond with the applicable authorities in an effort toward resolution of the potential indirect tax obligations in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016. For additional information, please see “Other” below.

The increase in cash flows used in investing activities is primarily due to an increase in acquisitions of property and equipment as well as new restricted cash balances for cash collateral related to corporate lines of commercial credit, partially offset by payments in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 for the acquisition of White Sky and Habits at Work. The cash collateral may increase if the collateral is less than our average obligations or if we request additional credit services.

The increase in cash flows provided by financing activities is due to proceeds of $20.0 million from the closing of the Credit Agreement, described below, partially offset by payments of debt issuance costs of $1.9 million and repayments of principal of $2.9 million.

Credit Facility and Borrowing Capacity

Credit Agreement

On March 21, 2016, we and our subsidiaries entered into the Credit Agreement with Crystal Financial SPV LLC (“Crystal”). In connection with the Credit Agreement, we and our subsidiaries also entered into a security agreement, a pledge and security agreement, an intellectual property security agreement and other related documents. The Credit Agreement provides for a $20.0 million term loan, which was fully funded at closing, with a maturity date of March 21, 2019 unless the facility is otherwise terminated pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement. We invested $15.0 million of the net proceeds at closing in our i4c subsidiary to be used to advance the market launch of our VOYCE PRO^™ product and for general corporate purposes. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes of our other businesses. During the term of the Credit Agreement, additional capital needs of i4c must be funded from the cash it generates from operations or new equity capital raised by i4c, subject to limitations described below.

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Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement bear interest at the greater of LIBOR plus 10% per annum or 10.5% per annum. Interest is payable monthly. The aggregate principal amount of the term loans outstanding must be repaid quarterly starting June 30, 2016 and on the last day of each fiscal quarter thereafter in the quarterly amount of $1.3 million. Additionally, certain income tax refunds specified in the Credit Agreement must be used to repay principal the quarter in which we receive them and will be applied to the scheduled quarterly principal payment for that quarter. The Credit Agreement also requires the prepayment of the aggregate principal amount outstanding in an amount equal to 50% of our excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for each fiscal year commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016 and continuing thereafter. Based on our operations to date and cash flow forecasts, we are not expecting to make an excess cash flow payment for the year ending December 31, 2016. Certain other events defined in the Credit Agreement require prepayment of the aggregate principal amount of the term loan including all or a portion of proceeds received from asset dispositions, casualty events, extraordinary receipts, and equity issuances, except for proceeds from the sale of up to 20% of the equity of our i4c subsidiary which may be reinvested in the business of i4c. In October 2016, we executed a waiver with Crystal, and therefore were not required to remit the $1.5 million in proceeds from our settlement with Costco as a mandatory prepayment under the provisions of the Credit Agreement. Prepayments on the term loan, excluding required quarterly minimum payments, excess cash flow and certain tax refunds, are subject to a maximum early termination fee of 5% of the principal amount repaid in the first year, 3% in the second year, and no fees thereafter. Once amounts borrowed have been paid or prepaid, they may not be reborrowed.

The Credit Agreement contains certain customary covenants, including among other things covenants that limit or restrict the following: the incurrence of liens; the making of investments including a prohibition of any capital contributions to our subsidiary i4c other than from the $15.0 million of proceeds of the term loan made on the closing date and fair and reasonable allocation of overhead and administrative expenses; the incurrence of certain indebtedness; mergers, dissolutions, liquidations, or consolidations; acquisitions (other than certain permitted acquisitions); sales of substantially all of our or any of our subsidiaries’ assets; the declaration of certain dividends or distributions; transactions with affiliates (other than parties to the Credit Agreement) other than on fair and reasonable terms; and the formation or acquisition of any direct or indirect domestic or first-tier foreign subsidiary unless such subsidiary becomes guarantor and enter into certain security documents.

The Credit Agreement requires us to maintain at all times a minimum cash on hand amount, as defined in the Credit Agreement, of at least 40% of the total amount outstanding under the term loan. The Credit Agreement also requires us to maintain on a quarterly basis a maximum churn (defined as (i) the sum of subscribers who have discontinued the provision of services provided under certain of our customer’s agreements as of the end of any fiscal month divided by (ii) the aggregate total number of all active subscribers under that certain customer agreement as of the first day of such fiscal month, expressed as a percentage) of 1.875%. Further, if our rights to provide services to subscribers under our agreements with Bank of America cease as a result of Bank of America transferring the provision of such services or using a different service provider and such cessation results in greater than a 20% decline in our consolidated revenue, a covenant violation exists under the Credit Agreement. We are also required to maintain compliance on a quarterly basis with specified minimum Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement and adjusted for certain non-cash, non-recurring and other items) and specified Core Business Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement as including us and all of our subsidiaries except for i4c) as per the tables below. As of September 30, 2016, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

Minimum consolidated EBITDA:

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Minimum Core Business consolidated EBITDA:

The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, including among other things non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, material judgment defaults, ERISA defaults, cross-defaults to other indebtedness, invalidity of loan documents defaults, change in control defaults, conduct of business defaults, and criminal and regulatory action defaults.

Failure to comply with any of the covenants under our Credit Agreement could result in a default under the facility, which could cause the lender to terminate its commitment and, to the extent we have outstanding borrowings, declare all obligations immediately due and payable and exercise their lien on substantially all of our assets. We cannot provide assurance that we will maintain compliance with such covenants for future periods, or, if necessary, be able to amend the financial or restrictive covenants contained therein or enter into new credit arrangements to maintain borrowing capacity in the future. We may take actions including, but not limited to, delaying or forgoing capital investments, reducing marketing or other expenditures compared to current plans, and/or renegotiating or seeking a waiver of the terms of the Credit Agreement as means of maintaining compliance with these covenants. Even if we do not have any outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement, our ability to meet our future capital requirements, execute on our current business plan and grow our business by investing in new products and services could be materially adversely affected if we are unable to borrow under our Credit Agreement. If i4c requires additional funding, the restrictions that the Credit Agreement imposes on investment in or financing of i4c may have a material adverse effect on its ability to execute its business plan or take advantage of other business opportunities until such time as the term loan is fully repaid. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available at all, or on favorable terms.

As of September 30, 2016, $17.1 million was outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which is presented net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.3 million in our condensed consolidated balance sheets in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As of September 30, 2016, $8.0 million, net, is classified as short-term, which includes the minimum maturities as well as our estimated required prepayments, as described above.

The Credit Agreement replaces our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, dated October 7, 2014, which was scheduled to mature on October 7, 2016. The loan agreement, which provided for a revolving credit facility of $5.0 million, was terminated effective March 21, 2016. There were no amounts outstanding at that time.

Share Repurchase

In April 2005, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we can repurchase our outstanding shares of common stock from time to time, depending on market conditions, share price and other factors. As of September 30, 2016, we had approximately $16.9 million remaining under our share repurchase program. The repurchases may be made on the open market, in block trades, through privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, and the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. However, we are currently prohibited from repurchasing any shares of common stock under the Credit Agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we did not directly repurchase any shares of common stock for cash. As a result of shares withheld for tax purposes on the vesting of a restricted stock award, we increased our treasury shares by 67 thousand in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Other

In April 2016, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2014 Plan to increase the number of shares authorized and reserved for issuance thereunder by 2.5 million shares, from 3.0 million shares to 5.5 million shares. The amendment was effective immediately upon our stockholders’ approval in May 2016.

We analyzed our facts and circumstances related to potential indirect tax obligations in state and other jurisdictions, including the delivery nature of our services, the relationship through which our services are offered, and changing laws and interpretations of

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those laws, and determined it was probable that we have obligations in some jurisdictions. The following table summarizes the non-income business tax liability activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): 

We formally appealed the liability for several jurisdictions based on the applicability of the specific state tax laws to our services, and we continue to accrue the estimable amount that we believe is probable under U.S. GAAP. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, we reduced our liability by $1.1 million, primarily from the successful appeal and resolution of a non-income tax audit. Subsequent to September 30, 2016, we further reduced our liability as the result of a $1.2 million payment to formally resolve a previously recorded non-income tax liability, which will negatively impact operating cash flows in the three months ending December 31, 2016. We continue to correspond with the applicable authorities in an effort toward resolution of our open audits in the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2016 using a variety of settlement options including, but not limited to, voluntary disclosures, negotiation and standard appeals process, and we may adjust the liability at such time. Additionally, we continue to analyze what other obligations, if any, we have to other state taxing authorities. We believe it is reasonably possible that other states may approach us or that the scope of the taxable base in any state may increase. However, it is not possible to predict the potential amount of future payments due to the unique facts and circumstances involved.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we entered into contracts, pursuant to which we agreed to minimum, non-refundable installment payments totaling approximately $10.0 million, payable in monthly and yearly installments through December 31, 2021. These amounts are expensed on a pro-rata basis and are recorded in cost of services revenue and general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For additional information on other minimum, non-refundable contracts, please see Note 18 in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The variability of the inputs for the earn-out provisions in the business we acquired from Habits at Work may have a material impact on the future operating results of our Corporate business unit. As of September 30, 2016, we expect the value of the earn-out payment for the second Measurement Period to be approximately $1.0 million, which includes an estimated cash payment of $392 thousand. For additional information, please see Note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Orders we place for the production of our Voyce hardware product may result in unconditional purchase obligations and may require us to make some payment at the time the order is placed. Unconditional purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable by us without penalty. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we did not record a liability for any unconditional purchase obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2016, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed, and are effective, to give reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

In the normal course of business, we may become involved in various legal proceedings. Except as stated below, we know of no pending or threatened legal proceedings to which we are or will be a party that, if successful, would result in a material adverse change in our business or financial condition.

In July 2012, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) served a Civil Investigative Demand on Intersections Inc. with respect to its billing practices for identity protection and credit monitoring products sold and enrolled through depositary customers. An action was filed on July 1, 2015 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division, and a Stipulated Final Judgment and Order (the “Order”) concurrently entered, entitled Consumer Financial Protection Bureau v. Intersections Inc. Without admitting or denying the allegations in the complaint, we agreed to implement a satisfactory compliance plan to comply with the Order and to provide a progress update. We paid a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million in 2015, and in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we paid $63 thousand to 661 customers who had not previously received refunds for periods where the full benefit of the service was not delivered. We also submitted an amended compliance plan to the CFPB and are awaiting a letter of non-objection.

In January 2013, the Office of the West Virginia Attorney General (“WVAG”) served Intersections Insurance Services Inc. (“IISI”) with a complaint that the WVAG had filed in the Circuit Court of Mason County, West Virginia on October 2, 2012. The complaint alleges violations of West Virginia consumer protection laws based on the marketing of unspecified products. IISI filed a motion to require the WVAG to amend its complaint to include a more specific statement of its claims.  The court denied that motion in December 2013. IISI filed an answer to the complaint on January 21, 2014. On July 13, 2016, the court entered a scheduling order governing the management of the case through the beginning of trial.  Pursuant to that order, the deadline for parties to amend the pleadings and add parties was set for September 30, 2016.  On September 21, 2016, the WVAG moved to amend the complaint, seeking to add Intersections Inc. as a defendant.  The proposed amended complaint alleges the same violations of West Virginia consumer protection laws as alleged against IISI.  IISI will have an opportunity to oppose the motion to amend.

In July 2015, Costco Wholesale Corporation elected not to renew an agreement for Intersections to provide an identity protection service to its customers. On January 20, 2016, Intersections filed a Notice of Arbitration with respect to claims by Intersections against Costco arising from certain actions of Costco related to the marketing of its new identity protection service to our subscriber base of current Costco members, which Intersections alleged violated the agreement and applicable law. Intersections sought damages in excess of $2.0 million, and injunctive relief. On February 16, 2016, Costco filed a counterclaim, seeking injunctive relief and related, unspecified damages, with respect to the allegedly inappropriate use by Intersections of a URL containing elements of both parties’ intellectual property. On October 6, 2016, Intersections and Costco entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which the parties agreed to terminate the arbitration and release each other from all claims asserted thereby, in consideration of Costco’s one-time, lump sum payment to Intersections of $1.5 million, and Costco’s agreement to certain terms and conditions with respect to the advertising and marketing of its new identity protection service to the aforementioned subscriber base.

As of September 30, 2016, we do not have any significant liabilities accrued for any of the legal proceedings mentioned above. We believe based on information currently available that the amount, if any, accrued for the above contingencies is adequate. However, legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and, although we believe that accruals are adequate and we intend to vigorously defend ourselves against such matters, unfavorable resolution could occur, which could have a material effect in our condensed consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole.

The following risk factors supplement and/or update the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015:

Because our Pet Health Monitoring segment has not generated revenue sufficient to support its operating expenses, we expect that our i4c subsidiary will need financing no later than December 31, 2016.

We are considering various financing options and strategic alternatives for this business segment, all of which will require the consent of our lender, including waivers of certain covenants and/or an amendment of the Credit Agreement, in order to avoid the possibility of an event of default. On October 27, 2016, we received a non-binding proposal from Loeb Holding Corporation (“LHC”), our largest stockholder, to (a) immediately make a $2 million bridge loan directly available to our i4c subsidiary, and (b) subsequently acquire our i4c subsidiary on or before January 15, 2017. LHC’s proposal is set forth in an amendment to its Schedule 13D filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2016. A Special Committee consisting of three independent members of our Board of Directors is overseeing the process of evaluating and negotiating this transaction. No definitive agreement has been reached

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with LHC or any other party, and there can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made or accepted, that any agreement will be executed or that any transaction will be completed.

In addition, if we do not obtain an amendment to, or waiver or forbearance of certain covenants under the Credit Agreement, the lender is entitled to exercise any and all remedies available to it upon the occurrence of an event of default, including the option to accelerate the debt and possibly foreclose on substantially all of our assets, which serve as collateral for the obligations under the Credit Agreement. If this should occur, we may not be able to repay all of the outstanding debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it, and even if new financing is then available to us, it may not be on acceptable terms. We may also incur transaction and other costs that could have a material negative impact on our cash and cash equivalents, and in combination with other non-cash charges could have a material negative impact on our results of operations.

(c) Purchase of equity securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.

 The common share purchases described in the table below represent the withholding of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of the related restricted stock during the three months ended September 30, 2016:

 

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

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