FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM INC - FORM 10-Q - August 5, 2016

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EX-31.2 - CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 - FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM INCfibk-20160630xex312.htm
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
ý
Quarterly report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016
OR
 
¨
Transition report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from                   to                   
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-34653
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
First Interstate BancSystem, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Montana
 
81-0331430
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
401 North 31st Street, Billings, MT
 
59116-0918
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 406/255-5390
______________________________________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.)     Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
¨
  
Accelerated filer
ý
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
¨
  
Smaller reporting company
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨ No  ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock:
 
June 30, 2016 – Class A common stock
 
21,131,759

 
 
June 30, 2016 – Class B common stock
 
23,614,455

 
 



FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Index
 
 
Page
Part I.
Financial Information
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements (unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets - June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015
3

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015
4

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015
5

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity - Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015
6

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015
7

 
 
 
 
9

 
 
 
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
39

 
 
 
Item 3.
55

 
 
 
Item 4.
55

 
 
Part II.
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
56

 
 
 
Item 1A .
56

 
 
 
Item  2.
56

 
 
 
Item 3.
56

 
 
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
56

 
 
 
Item 5.
56

 
 
 
Item 6.
56

 
 
58








2

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

 
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
125,995

 
$
132,595

Interest bearing deposits in banks
349,910

 
647,299

Federal funds sold
146

 
563

Total cash and cash equivalents
476,051

 
780,457

Investment securities:
 
 
 
Available-for-sale
1,505,581

 
1,456,840

Held-to-maturity (estimated fair values of $574,482 and $607,550 at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)
556,247

 
600,665

Total investment securities
2,061,828

 
2,057,505

Loans held for investment
5,340,189

 
5,193,321

Mortgage loans held for sale
73,053

 
52,875

Total loans
5,413,242

 
5,246,196

Less allowance for loan losses
80,340

 
76,817

Net loans
5,332,902

 
5,169,379

Goodwill
204,481

 
204,523

Company-owned life insurance
189,524

 
187,253

Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
187,538

 
190,812

Accrued interest receivable
27,448

 
27,729

Mortgage servicing rights, net of accumulated amortization and impairment reserve
16,038

 
15,621

Core deposit intangibles, net of accumulated amortization
8,935

 
10,589

Other real estate owned (“OREO”)
7,908

 
6,254

Other assets
92,723

 
78,074

Total assets
$
8,605,376

 
$
8,728,196

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
Non-interest bearing
$
1,783,609

 
$
1,823,716

Interest bearing
5,197,839

 
5,265,221

Total deposits
6,981,448

 
7,088,937

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
466,399

 
510,635

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
59,664

 
53,042

Accrued interest payable
5,647

 
4,960

Deferred tax liability
16,673

 
9,765

Long-term debt
27,928

 
27,885

Other borrowed funds
15

 
2

Subordinated debentures held by subsidiary trusts
82,477

 
82,477

Total liabilities
7,640,251

 
7,777,703

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Nonvoting noncumulative preferred stock without par value; authorized 100,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015
—

 
—

Common stock
290,366

 
311,720

Retained earnings
664,337

 
638,367

Accumulated other comprehensive income, net
10,422

 
406

Total stockholders’ equity
965,125

 
950,493

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
8,605,376

 
$
8,728,196

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and fees on loans
$
62,634

 
$
60,402

 
$
125,450

 
$
119,773

Interest and dividends on investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
7,982

 
8,000

 
16,020

 
15,971

Exempt from federal taxes
858

 
1,040

 
1,737

 
2,099

Interest on deposits in banks
482

 
271

 
1,127

 
660

Interest on federal funds sold
3

 
5

 
5

 
7

Total interest income
71,959

 
69,718

 
144,339

 
138,510

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest on deposits
3,108

 
3,239

 
6,336

 
6,548

Interest on securities sold under repurchase agreements
92

 
53

 
182

 
107

Interest on long-term debt
451

 
538

 
900

 
1,052

Interest on subordinated debentures held by subsidiary trusts
675

 
600

 
1,338

 
1,190

Total interest expense
4,326

 
4,430

 
8,756

 
8,897

Net interest income
67,633

 
65,288

 
135,583

 
129,613

Provision for loan losses
2,550

 
1,340

 
6,550

 
2,435

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
65,083

 
63,948

 
129,033

 
127,178

Non-interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment services revenues
8,648

 
8,437

 
16,639

 
15,809

Mortgage banking revenues
9,409

 
8,802

 
15,550

 
14,708

Wealth management revenues
5,166

 
4,897

 
9,741

 
9,834

Service charges on deposit accounts
4,626

 
4,053

 
9,089

 
7,997

Other service charges, commissions and fees
2,845

 
2,736

 
5,453

 
5,231

Investment securities gains, net
108

 
46

 
87

 
52

Other income
2,457

 
2,792

 
4,750

 
6,050

Non-recurring litigation recovery
3,750

 
—

 
3,750

 
—

Total non-interest income
37,009

 
31,763

 
65,059

 
59,681

Non-interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and wages
26,707

 
26,093

 
51,389

 
51,442

Employee benefits
8,066

 
8,063

 
17,675

 
15,979

Outsourced technology services
4,800

 
2,593

 
9,632

 
5,056

Occupancy, net
4,284

 
4,529

 
8,948

 
9,021

Furniture and equipment
2,460

 
3,703

 
4,716

 
7,496

OREO expense, net of income
140

 
(823
)
 
101

 
(884
)
Professional fees
1,136

 
1,514

 
2,444

 
2,815

FDIC insurance premiums
1,198

 
1,304

 
2,456

 
2,446

Mortgage servicing rights amortization
722

 
627

 
1,356

 
1,246

Mortgage servicing rights impairment recovery
(20
)
 
(56
)
 
(5
)
 
(71
)
Core deposit intangibles amortization
827

 
854

 
1,654

 
1,709

Other expenses
12,575

 
13,577

 
24,198

 
25,381

Acquisition expenses
—

 
(7
)
 
—

 
63

Total non-interest expense
62,895

 
61,971

 
124,564

 
121,699

Income before income tax expense
39,197

 
33,740

 
69,528

 
65,160

Income tax expense
13,643

 
11,518

 
23,850

 
21,958

Net income
$
25,554

 
$
22,222

 
$
45,678

 
$
43,202

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share
$
0.58

 
$
0.49

 
$
1.03

 
$
0.95

Diluted earnings per common share
$
0.57

 
$
0.49

 
$
1.02

 
$
0.94

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Net income
$
25,554

$
22,222

 
$
45,678

$
43,202

Other comprehensive income, before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) during period
10,043

(9,196
)
 
18,671

1,412

Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in income
(108
)
(46
)
 
(87
)
(52
)
Change in unamortized loss on available-for-sale securities transferred into held-to-maturity
452

451

 
904

902

Unrealized loss on derivatives
(804
)
—

 
(3,002
)
—

Defined benefit post-retirement benefits plans:
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net actuarial loss
13

13

 
28

28

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
9,596

(8,778
)
 
16,514

2,290

Deferred tax benefit (expense) related to other comprehensive income
(3,775
)
3,454

 
(6,498
)
(901
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
5,821

(5,324
)
 
10,016

1,389

Comprehensive income, net of tax
$
31,375

$
16,898

 
$
55,694

$
44,591

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.


5

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)

 
Common
stock
 
Retained
earnings
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 
Total
stockholders’
equity
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
311,720

 
$
638,367

 
$
406

 
$
950,493

Net income
—

 
45,678

 
—

 
45,678

Other comprehensive income, net of tax expense
—

 
—

 
10,016

 
10,016

Common stock transactions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 995,600 common shares purchased and retired
(26,042
)
 
—

 
—

 
(26,042
)
 16,085 common shares issued
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

189,624 non-vested common shares issued
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

21,397 non-vested common shares forfeited
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

186,430 stock options exercised, net of 57,153 shares tendered in payment of option price and income tax withholding amounts
1,684

 
—

 
—

 
1,684

Tax benefit of stock-based compensation
619

 
—

 
—

 
619

Stock-based compensation expense
2,385

 
—

 
—

 
2,385

Common cash dividend declared ($0.44 per share)
—

 
(19,708
)
 
—

 
(19,708
)
Balance at June 30, 2016
$
290,366

 
$
664,337

 
$
10,422

 
$
965,125

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
323,596

 
$
587,862

 
$
(2,534
)
 
$
908,924

Net income
—

 
43,202

 
—

 
43,202

Other comprehensive income, net of tax expense
—

 
—

 
1,389

 
1,389

Common stock transactions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
588,409 common shares purchased and retired
(15,264
)
 
—

 
—

 
(15,264
)
21,414 common shares issued
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

156,956 non-vested common shares issued
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

1,678 non-vested common shares forfeited
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

129,885 stock options exercised, net of 37,357 shares tendered in payment of option price and income tax withholding amounts
1,670

 
—

 
—

 
1,670

Tax benefit of stock-based compensation
804

 
—

 
—

 
804

Stock-based compensation expense
2,319

 
—

 
—

 
2,319

Common cash dividend declared ($0.40 per share)
—

 
(18,189
)
 
—

 
(18,189
)
Balance at June 30, 2015
$
313,125

 
$
612,875

 
$
(1,145
)
 
$
924,855

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
45,678

 
$
43,202

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
6,550

 
2,435

Net (gain) loss on disposal of premises and equipment
188

 
(856
)
Depreciation and amortization
9,491

 
9,090

Net premium amortization on investment securities
6,347

 
7,021

Net gain on investment securities transactions
(87
)
 
(52
)
Realized and unrealized net gains on mortgage banking activities
(10,544
)
 
(10,759
)
Net gain on sale of OREO
(636
)
 
(1,736
)
Write-downs of OREO and other assets pending disposal
621

 
106

Mortgage servicing rights impairment recovery
(5
)
 
(71
)
Deferred income tax expense
321

 
9,108

Net increase in cash surrender value of company-owned life insurance
(2,271
)
 
(1,304
)
Stock-based compensation expense
2,385

 
2,319

Tax benefits from stock-based compensation expense
619

 
804

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation expense
(495
)
 
(530
)
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale
(468,560
)
 
(561,779
)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale
457,132

 
546,871

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Decrease (increase) in interest receivable
281

 
(1,945
)
Increase in other assets
(14,551
)
 
(1,034
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable
687

 
(467
)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses
3,701

 
(12,268
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
36,852

 
28,155

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of investment securities:
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
(9,883
)
 
(27,640
)
Available-for-sale
(459,569
)
 
(223,483
)
Proceeds from maturities and pay-downs of investment securities:
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
53,977

 
55,654

Available-for-sale
424,458

 
337,538

Purchases of company-owned life insurance
—

 
(22,500
)
Extensions of credit to customers, net of repayments
(159,410
)
 
(190,392
)
Recoveries of loans charged-off
4,717

 
3,285

Proceeds from sale of OREO
2,398

 
7,807

Proceeds from sale of loan production office
932

 
—

Capital expenditures, net of sales
(3,638
)
 
514

Net cash used in investing activities
$
(146,018
)
 
$
(59,217
)

7

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Net decrease in deposits
$
(107,489
)
 
$
(201,811
)
Net decrease in securities sold under repurchase agreements
(44,236
)
 
(33,105
)
Net increase (decrease) in other borrowed funds
13

 
(6
)
Repayments of long-term debt
(32
)
 
(30
)
Advances on long-term debt
75

 
5,031

Proceeds from issuance of common stock
1,684

 
1,670

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation expense
495

 
530

Purchase and retirement of common stock
(26,042
)
 
(15,264
)
Dividends paid to common stockholders
(19,708
)
 
(18,189
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(195,240
)
 
(261,174
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(304,406
)
 
(292,236
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
780,457

 
798,670

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
476,051

 
$
506,434

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for income taxes
$
27,566

 
$
18,450

Cash paid during the period for interest expense
8,069

 
9,364

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
Transfer of loans to loans held for sale
26

 
10,619

Transfer of loans to other real estate owned
4,019

 
4,396

Capitalization of internally originated mortgage servicing rights
1,768

 
1,792

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.


8

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


(1)
Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) contain all adjustments (all of which are of a normal recurring nature) necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the results of operations for each of the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and cash flows each of the six month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The balance sheet information at December 31, 2015 is derived from audited consolidated financial statements. Certain reclassifications, none of which were material, have been made to conform prior year financial statements to the June 30, 2016 presentation. These reclassifications did not change previously reported net income or stockholders’ equity.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016.

(2)
Acquisitions

Flathead Bank. On April 6, 2016, the Company's bank subsidiary, First Interstate Bank, entered into a stock purchase agreement to acquire all of the outstanding stock of Flathead Bank of Bigfork ("Flathead Bank"), a Montana-based bank wholly owned by Flathead Holding Company. With total assets of $231,574 as of December 31, 2015, Flathead Bank operates seven branches in western and northwestern Montana. Upon closing of the transaction, which is expected to occur during the third quarter of 2016, all Flathead Bank branches will become branches of First Interstate Bank. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, First Interstate Bank will pay cash consideration of approximately $34,237 for the stock, subject to certain financial performance and other adjustments, the amount of which will be determined prior to the closing date of the transaction.

Absarokee Bancorporation, Inc. On July 24, 2015, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Absarokee Bancorporation, Inc. ("Absarokee"), a Montana-based bank holding company that operated one subsidiary bank, United Bank. The Company merged United Bank with and into First Interstate Bank immediately subsequent to the acquisition. During March 2016, the Company completed its review of Absarokee's tax items and finalized the fair value of the acquired deferred tax asset. Finalization of provisional estimates resulted in a $42 decrease in goodwill.

(3)
Investment Securities

The amortized cost and approximate fair values of investment securities are summarized as follows:
June 30, 2016
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Available-for-Sale:
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury notes
$
3,909

$
44

$
—

$
3,953

Obligations of U.S. government agencies
450,544

2,882

(21
)
453,405

U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
1,022,462

22,252

(117
)
1,044,597

Private mortgage-backed securities
136

1

(2
)
135

Other investments
3,450

41

—

3,491

Total
$
1,480,501

$
25,220

$
(140
)
$
1,505,581


9

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


June 30, 2016
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Held-to-Maturity:
 
 
 
 
State, county and municipal securities
$
164,334

$
7,024

$
(1
)
$
171,357

Corporate securities
51,262

580

—

51,842

Obligations of U.S. government agencies
19,737

483

—

20,220

U.S agency residential mortgage-backed securities &
    collateralized mortgage obligations
320,620

15,925

(5,777
)
330,768

Other investments
294

1

—

295

Total
$
556,247

$
24,013

$
(5,778
)
$
574,482

December 31, 2015
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Available-for-Sale:
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury notes
$
3,912

$
3

$
(4
)
$
3,911

Obligations of U.S. government agencies
521,079

712

(1,610
)
520,181

U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
921,699

9,448

(2,101
)
929,046

Private mortgage-backed securities
156

1

(1
)
156

Other investments
3,550

5

(9
)
3,546

Total
$
1,450,396

$
10,169

$
(3,725
)
$
1,456,840

December 31, 2015
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair
Value
Held-to-Maturity:
 
 
 
 
State, county and municipal securities
$
173,785

$
5,103

$
(227
)
$
178,661

Corporate securities
50,046

64

(220
)
49,890

Obligations of U.S. government agencies
19,738

—

(102
)
19,636

U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
356,742

7,686

(5,420
)
359,008

Other investments
354

1

—

355

Total
$
600,665

$
12,854

$
(5,969
)
$
607,550

    
Gross realized gains and losses from the disposition of investment securities are summarized in the following table:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Gross realized gains
$
108

 
$
46

 
$
165

 
$
52

Gross realized losses
—

 
—

 
(78
)
 
—


On October 30, 2015, the Company transferred available-for-sale U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations with amortized costs and fair values of $100,343 and $100,140, respectively, into the held-to-maturity category. Unrealized net losses of $203 included in accumulated other comprehensive income at the time of the transfer are being amortized to yield over the remaining expected lives of the transferred securities of 4 years.

On June 27, 2014, the Company transferred available-for-sale U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations with amortized costs and fair values of $396,640 and $388,808, respectively, into the held-to-maturity category. Unrealized net losses of $7,832 at the time of the transfer are being amortized to yield over the remaining expected lives of the transferred securities of 4.3 years.
    

10

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair values of investment securities, aggregated by investment category, and the length of time individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
June 30, 2016
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-Sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of U.S. government agencies
$
—

$
—

 
$
10,477

$
(21
)
 
$
10,477

$
(21
)
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
11,097

(41
)
 
18,609

(76
)
 
29,706

(117
)
Private mortgage-backed securities
—

—

 
54

(2
)
 
54

(2
)
Total
$
11,097

$
(41
)
 
$
29,140

$
(99
)
 
$
40,237

$
(140
)
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
June 30, 2016
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Held-to-Maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State, county and municipal securities
$
625

$
—

 
$
2,233

$
(1
)
 
$
2,858

$
(1
)
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
5,030

(2,631
)
 
20,683

(3,146
)
 
25,713

(5,777
)
Total
$
5,655

$
(2,631
)
 
$
22,916

$
(3,147
)
 
$
28,571

$
(5,778
)
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
December 31, 2015
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-Sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury notes
$
2,092

$
(4
)
 
$
—

$
—

 
$
2,092

$
(4
)
Obligations of U.S. government agencies
209,631

(1,077
)
 
54,619

(533
)
 
264,250

(1,610
)
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
343,875

(1,577
)
 
28,010

(524
)
 
371,885

(2,101
)
Private mortgage-backed securities
—

—

 
61

(1
)
 
61

(1
)
Other investments
1,225

(9
)
 
—

—

 
1,225

(9
)
Total
$
556,823

$
(2,667
)

$
82,690

$
(1,058
)

$
639,513

$
(3,725
)
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
December 31, 2015
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Held-to-Maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State, county and municipal securities
$
10,182

$
(39
)
 
$
9,476

$
(188
)
 
$
19,658

$
(227
)
Obligations of U.S. government agencies
19,738

(102
)
 
—

—

 
19,738

(102
)
U.S. agency residential mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
67,295

(4,288
)
 
69,539

(1,132
)
 
136,834

(5,420
)
Corporate securities
31,135

(220
)
 
—

—

 
31,135

(220
)
Total
$
128,350

$
(4,649
)
 
$
79,015

$
(1,320
)
 
$
207,365

$
(5,969
)
        

11

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The investment portfolio is evaluated quarterly for other-than-temporary declines in the market value of each individual investment security. The Company had 55 and 198 individual investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had the intent and ability to hold these investment securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery. Furthermore, the Company does not have the intent to sell any of the available-for-sale securities in the above table and it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any securities before a recovery in cost. No impairment losses were recorded during three or six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
    
Maturities of investment securities at June 30, 2016 are shown below. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities have been adjusted to reflect shorter maturities based upon estimated prepayments of principal. All other investment securities maturities are shown at contractual maturity dates.
 
Available-for-Sale
 
Held-to-Maturity
June 30, 2016
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Within one year
$
352,031

$
358,337

 
$
90,746

$
94,029

After one year but within five years
1,049,286

1,066,900

 
311,641

319,471

After five years but within ten years
58,599

59,317

 
128,607

134,596

After ten years
20,585

21,027

 
25,253

26,386

Total
$
1,480,501

$
1,505,581

 
$
556,247

$
574,482

        
As of June 30, 2016, the Company had investment securities callable within one year with amortized costs and estimated fair values of $231,957 and $232,619, respectively. These investment securities are primarily included in the after one year but within five years category in the table above. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had no callable structured notes.
        
(4)
Loans
    
The following table presents loans by class as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
Commercial
$
1,816,813

 
$
1,793,258

Construction:
 
 
 
Land acquisition & development
218,650

 
224,066

Residential
113,944

 
111,763

Commercial
117,643

 
94,890

Total construction loans
450,237

 
430,719

Residential
1,030,593

 
1,032,851

Agricultural
166,872

 
156,234

Total real estate loans
3,464,515

 
3,413,062

Consumer:
 
 
 
Indirect consumer
687,768

 
622,529

Other consumer
153,185

 
153,717

Credit card
66,221

 
68,107

Total consumer loans
907,174

 
844,353

Commercial
824,962

 
792,416

Agricultural
139,892

 
142,151

Other, including overdrafts
3,646

 
1,339

Loans held for investment
5,340,189

 
5,193,321

Mortgage loans held for sale
73,053

 
52,875

Total loans
$
5,413,242

 
$
5,246,196


12

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)



Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. The following tables present the contractual aging of the Company’s recorded investment in past due loans by class as of the dates indicated:
 
 
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
 
 
30 - 59
60 - 89
> 90
30 or More
 
 
 
 
Days
Days
Days
Days
Current
Non-accrual
Total
As of June 30, 2016
Past Due
Past Due
Past Due
Past Due
Loans
Loans
Loans
Real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
2,707

$
336

$
287

$
3,330

$
1,784,134

$
29,349

$
1,816,813

Construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Land acquisition & development
305

205

69

579

212,210

5,861

218,650

Residential
619

—

—

619

113,053

272

113,944

Commercial
—

—

—

—

115,975

1,668

117,643

Total construction loans
924

205

69

1,198

441,238

7,801

450,237

Residential
4,526

981

2,138

7,645

1,020,251

2,697

1,030,593

Agricultural
224

103

112

439

160,970

5,463

166,872

Total real estate loans
8,381

1,625

2,606

12,612

3,406,593

45,310

3,464,515

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Indirect consumer
5,503

1,823

304

7,630

679,558

580

687,768

Other consumer
823

170

35

1,028

151,764

393

153,185

Credit card
488

340

509

1,337

64,884

—

66,221

Total consumer loans
6,814

2,333

848

9,995

896,206

973

907,174

Commercial
4,268

806

592

5,666

792,012

27,284

824,962

Agricultural
578

243

97

918

138,230

744

139,892

Other, including overdrafts
—

—

311

311

3,335

—

3,646

Loans held for investment
20,041

5,007

4,454

29,502

5,236,376

74,311

5,340,189

Mortgage loans originated for sale
—

—

—

—

73,053

—

73,053

Total loans
$
20,041

$
5,007

$
4,454

$
29,502

$
5,309,429

$
74,311

$
5,413,242


13

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


 
 
 
 
Total Loans
 
 
 
 
30 - 59
60 - 89
> 90
30 or More
 
 
 
 
Days
Days
Days
Days
Current
Non-accrual
Total
As of December 31, 2015
Past Due
Past Due
Past Due
Past Due
Loans
Loans
Loans
Real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
6,051

$
724

$
418

$
7,193

$
1,762,294

$
23,771

$
1,793,258

Construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Land acquisition & development
3,190

163

1,325

4,678

212,757

6,631

224,066

Residential
1,288

—

—

1,288

110,182

293

111,763

Commercial
3,232

—

—

3,232

90,703

955

94,890

Total construction loans
7,710

163

1,325

9,198

413,642

7,879

430,719

Residential
5,991

1,196

2,063

9,250

1,018,359

5,242

1,032,851

Agricultural
176

17

—

193

150,686

5,355

156,234

Total real estate loans
19,928

2,100

3,806

25,834

3,344,981

42,247

3,413,062

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Indirect consumer
6,675

1,089

210

7,974

614,029

526

622,529

Other consumer
1,312

331

34

1,677

151,381

659

153,717

Credit card
533

317

477

1,327

66,768

12

68,107

Total consumer loans
8,520

1,737

721

10,978

832,178

1,197

844,353

Commercial
8,493

1,060

699

10,252

759,851

22,313

792,416

Agricultural
879

152

62

1,093

140,430

628

142,151

Other, including overdrafts
—

—

314

314

1,025

—

1,339

Loans held for investment
37,820

5,049

5,602

48,471

5,078,465

66,385

5,193,321

Mortgage loans originated for sale
—

—

—

—

52,875

—

52,875

Total loans
$
37,820

$
5,049

$
5,602

$
48,471

$
5,131,340

$
66,385

$
5,246,196


Loans from business combinations included in the tables above include certain loans that had evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected.
    
The following table displays the outstanding unpaid principal balance, accrued interest receivable and accrual status of loans acquired with credit impairment as of June 30, 2016 and 2015:    
As of June 30,
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
 
Outstanding balance
$
31,979

 
$
35,555

 
 
 
 
Carrying value
 
 
 
Loans on accrual status
20,140

 
22,293

Total carrying value
$
20,140

 
$
22,293

    

14

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The following table summarizes changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired credit impaired for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
6,678

$
6,980

 
$
6,713

$
5,781

Accretion income
(615
)
(807
)
 
(1,229
)
(1,355
)
Reductions due to exit events
(158
)
—

 
(305
)
(396
)
Reclassifications from nonaccretable differences
—

1,309

 
726

3,452

Ending balance
$
5,905

$
7,482

 
$
5,905

$
7,482


Acquired loans that met the criteria for nonaccrual of interest prior to acquisition were considered performing upon acquisition. If interest on non-accrual loans had been accrued, such income would have been approximately $821 and $875 for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and approximately $1,690 and $1,613 for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively.

The Company considers impaired loans to include all originated and acquired loans, except consumer loans, that are risk rated as doubtful, or have been placed on non-accrual status or renegotiated in troubled debt restructurings. The following tables present information on the Company’s recorded investment in impaired loans as of dates indicated:
As of June 30, 2016
Unpaid
Total
Principal
Balance
Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
Total
Recorded
Investment
Related
Allowance
Real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
57,833

$
22,624

$
22,740

$
45,364

$
6,273

Construction:
 
 
 
 
 
Land acquisition & development
13,358

5,267

1,692

6,959

898

Residential
981

272

—

272

—

Commercial
2,037

324

1,464

1,788

872

Total construction loans
16,376

5,863

3,156

9,019

1,770

Residential
5,399

2,835

1,131

3,966

134

Agricultural
6,441

5,662

193

5,855

7

Total real estate loans
86,049

36,984

27,220

64,204

8,184

Commercial
38,622

13,466

20,040

33,506

10,588

Agricultural
961

294

480

774

81

Total
$
125,632

$
50,744

$
47,740

$
98,484

$
18,853



15

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


As of December 31, 2015
Unpaid
Total
Principal
Balance
Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
Total
Recorded
Investment
Related
Allowance
Real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
58,179

$
27,882

$
17,614

$
45,496

$
3,401

Construction:
 
 
 
 
 
Land acquisition & development
15,503

7,245

778

8,023

282

Residential
992

293

—

293

—

Commercial
1,264

340

739

1,079

739

Total construction loans
17,759

7,878

1,517

9,395

1,021

Residential
7,073

3,547

2,317

5,864

367

Agricultural
6,434

5,563

198

5,761

5

Total real estate loans
89,445

44,870

21,646

66,516

4,794

Commercial
29,593

10,744

13,727

24,471

6,487

Agricultural
1,349

622

356

978

294

Total
$
120,387

$
56,236

$
35,729

$
91,965

$
11,575


The following table presents the average recorded investment in and income recognized on impaired loans for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
 Average Recorded Investment
 
 Income Recognized
 
 Average Recorded Investment
 
 Income Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
34,576

 
$
105

 
$
39,513

 
$
211

Construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Land acquisition & development
7,096

 
12

 
8,664

 
12

Residential
277

 
—

 
338

 
—

Commercial
1,421

 
2

 
3,492

 
—

Total construction loans
8,794

 
14

 
12,494

 
12

Residential
3,067

 
2

 
3,014

 
1

Agricultural
5,857

 
—

 
8,572

 
13

Total real estate loans
52,294

 
121

 
63,593

 
237

Commercial
28,074

 
41

 
21,841

 
112

Agricultural
753

 
—

 
1,004

 
8

Total
$
81,121

 
$
162

 
$
86,438

 
$
357


16

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
 Average Recorded Investment
 
 Income Recognized
 
 Average Recorded Investment
 
 Income Recognized
 
 
Real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
36,342

 
$
141

 
$
40,652

 
$
361

Construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Land acquisition & development
7,277

 
19

 
8,720

 
22

Residential
282

 
—

 
302

 
—

Commercial
1,433

 
2

 
3,133

 
2

Total construction loans
8,992

 
21

 
12,155

 
24

Residential
4,138

 
3

 
2,719

 
2

Agricultural
5,671

 
1

 
8,666

 
35

Total real estate loans
55,143

 
166

 
64,192

 
422

Commercial
28,133

 
56

 
17,874

 
120

Agricultural
846

 
—

 
857

 
13

Total
$
84,122

 
$
222

 
$
82,923

 
$
555


The amount of interest income recognized by the Company within the period that the loans were impaired was primarily related to loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring that remained on accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual impaired loans are applied to principal. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. If interest on impaired loans had been accrued, interest income on impaired loans would have been approximately $964 and $1,045 for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and approximately $2,020 and $2,011 for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
    
Collateralized impaired loans are generally recorded at the fair value of the underlying collateral using discounted cash flows, independent appraisals and management estimates based upon current market conditions. For loans measured under the present value of cash flows method, the change in present value attributable to the passage of time, if applicable, is recognized in the provision for loan losses and thus no interest income is recognized.

Modifications of performing loans are made in the ordinary course of business and are completed on a case-by-case basis as negotiated with the borrower. Loan modifications typically include interest rate concessions, interest only periods of less than twelve months, short-term payment deferrals and extension of amortization periods to provide payment relief. A loan modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the Company, for economic or legal reasons, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Certain troubled debt restructurings are on non-accrual status at the time of restructuring and are typically returned to accrual status after considering the borrower's sustained repayment performance in accordance with the restructuring agreement for a period of at least six months and management is reasonably assured of future performance. If the troubled debt restructuring meets these performance criteria and the interest rate granted at the modification is equal to or greater than the rate that the Company was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk, then the loan will return to performing status and the accrual of interest will resume.
    
The Company had loans renegotiated in troubled debt restructurings of $44,957 as of June 30, 2016, of which $28,549 were included in non-accrual loans and $16,408 were on accrual status. The Company had loans renegotiated in troubled debt restructurings of $40,330 as of December 31, 2015, of which $24,911 were included in non-accrual loans and $15,419 were on accrual status.

17

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The following table presents information on the Company's troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016:
 
 
Number of Notes
 
Type of Concession
Principal Balance at Restructure Date
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
 
Interest only period
Extension of terms or maturity
Interest rate adjustment
Other (1)
Commercial real estate
 
4
 
$
113

$
121

$
—

$
250

$
484

Commercial
 
10
 
4,240

947

46

2,805

8,038

Total loans restructured during period
 
14
 
$
4,353

$
1,068

$
46

$
3,055

$
8,522

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Notes
 
Type of Concession
Principal Balance at Restructure Date
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
 
Interest only period
Extension of terms or maturity
Interest rate adjustment
Other (1)
Commercial real estate
 
7
 
$
689

$
325

$
—

$
250

$
1,264

Commercial
 
10
 
4,240

947

46

2,805

8,038

Total loans restructured during period
 
17
 
$
4,929

$
1,272

$
46

$
3,055

$
9,302

(1) Other includes concessions that reduce or defer payments for a specified period of time and/or do not fit into other designated categories.

For troubled debt restructurings that were on non-accrual status or otherwise deemed impaired before the modification, a specific reserve may already be recorded. In periods subsequent to modification, the Company continues to evaluate all troubled debt restructurings for possible impairment and recognizes impairment through the allowance. Additionally these loans continue to work their way through the credit cycle through charge-off, pay-off or foreclosure. Financial effects of modifications of troubled debt restructurings may include principal loan forgiveness or other charge-offs directly related to the restructuring. The Company had no charge-offs directly related to modifying troubled debt restructurings during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 or 2015.
    
The following table presents information on the Company's troubled debt restructurings during the previous 12 months for which there was a payment default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. The Company considers a payment default to occur on troubled debt restructurings when the loan is 90 days or more past due or was placed on non-accrual status after the modification.
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
Number of Notes
 
Balance
 
Number of Notes
 
Balance
Commercial real estate
—
 
$
—

 
1
 
$
203

Total
—
 
$
—

 
1
 
$
203


At June 30, 2016, there were no material commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose existing loans have been renegotiated or are classified as non-accrual.
    
As part of the on-going and continuous monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks internally assigned risk classifications of loans. The Company adheres to a Uniform Classification System developed jointly by the various bank regulatory agencies to internally risk rate loans. The Uniform Classification System defines three broad categories of criticized assets, which the Company uses as credit quality indicators:
    
Other Assets Especially Mentioned — includes loans that exhibit weaknesses in financial condition, loan structure or documentation, which if not promptly corrected, may lead to the development of abnormal risk elements.
    

18

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


Substandard — includes loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower. Although the primary source of repayment for a substandard loan is not currently sufficient, collateral or other sources of repayment are sufficient to satisfy the debt. Continuance of a substandard loan is not warranted unless positive steps are taken to improve the worthiness of the credit.
    
Doubtful — includes loans that exhibit pronounced weaknesses to a point where collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, is highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful loans are required to be placed on non-accrual status and are assigned specific loss exposure.

Company management undertakes the same process for assigning risk ratings to acquired loans as it does for originated loans. Acquired loans rated as substandard or lower or that were on non-accrual status or designated as troubled debt restructurings at the time of acquisition are deemed to be acquired credit impaired loans accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30, regardless of whether they are classified as performing or non-performing loans.

The following tables present the Company’s recorded investment in criticized loans by class and credit quality indicator based on the most recent analysis performed as of the dates indicated:
As of June 30, 2016
Other Assets
Especially
Mentioned
Substandard
Doubtful
Total
Criticized
Loans
Real estate:
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
73,383

$
87,756

$
18,351

$
179,490

Construction:
 
 
 
 
Land acquisition & development
12,843

9,462

1,709

24,014

Residential
1,835

754

—

2,589

Commercial
—

4,104

1,481

5,585

Total construction loans
14,678

14,320

3,190

32,188

Residential
6,885

9,862

517

17,264

Agricultural
6,459

21,756

—

28,215

Total real estate loans
101,405

133,694

22,058

257,157

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
Indirect consumer
760

1,159

130

2,049

Other consumer
1,006

776

192

1,974

Total consumer loans
1,766

1,935

322

4,023

Commercial
33,934

33,771

18,435

86,140

Agricultural
5,455

6,621

529

12,605

Total
$
142,560

$
176,021

$
41,344

$
359,925


19

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


As of December 31, 2015
Other Assets
Especially
Mentioned
Substandard
Doubtful
Total
Criticized
Loans
Real estate:
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
61,787

$
84,556

$
10,609

$
156,952

Construction:
 
 
 
 
Land acquisition & development
16,593

12,482

591

29,666

Residential
1,640

1,886

—

3,526

Commercial
166

323

756

1,245

Total construction loans
18,399

14,691

1,347

34,437

Residential
4,453

9,661

2,540

16,654

Agricultural
6,114

16,529

—

22,643

Total real estate loans
90,753

125,437

14,496

230,686

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
Indirect consumer
644

1,131

154

1,929

Other consumer
651

1,130

198

1,979

Total consumer loans
1,295

2,261

352

3,908

Commercial
32,975

27,982

15,085

76,042

Agricultural
2,247

7,105

417

9,769

Total
$
127,270

$
162,785

$
30,350

$
320,405

    
The Company maintains a credit review function, which is independent of the credit approval process, to assess assigned internal risk classifications and monitor compliance with internal lending policies and procedures.

Written action plans with firm target dates for resolution of identified problems are maintained and reviewed on a quarterly basis for all categories of criticized loans.


20

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)



(5)
Allowance for Loan Losses
    
The following tables present a summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated: 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
Real Estate
Consumer
Commercial
Agriculture
Other
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
36,652

$
5,256

$
36,252

$
1,764

$
—

$
79,924

Provision charged to operating expense
(4,059
)
2,123

4,313

173

—

2,550

Less loans charged-off
(523
)
(1,712
)
(1,018
)
(188
)
—

(3,441
)
Add back recoveries of loans previously
   charged-off
211

648

448

—

—

1,307

Ending balance
$
32,281

$
6,315

$
39,995

$
1,749

$
—

$
80,340

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Real Estate
Consumer
Commercial
Agriculture
Other
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
52,296

$
5,144

$
18,775

$
602

$
—

$
76,817

Provision charged to operating expense
(20,140
)
3,352

22,003

1,335

—

6,550

Less loans charged-off
(2,445
)
(3,604
)
(1,506
)
(188
)
—

(7,743
)
Add back recoveries of loans previously
   charged-off
2,570

1,423

723

—

—

4,716

Ending balance
$
32,281

$
6,315

$
39,995

$
1,749

$
—

$
80,340

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2016
Real Estate
Consumer
Commercial
Agriculture
Other
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
$
8,184

$
—

$
10,588

$
81

$
—

$
18,853

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
24,097

6,315

29,407

1,668

—

61,487

Allowance for loan losses
$
32,281

$
6,315

$
39,995

$
1,749

$
—

$
80,340

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
64,204

$
—

$
33,506

$
774

$
—

$
98,484

Collectively evaluated for impairment
3,400,311

907,174

791,456

139,118

3,646

5,241,705

Total loans
$
3,464,515

$
907,174

$
824,962

$
139,892

$
3,646

$
5,340,189

Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
Real Estate
Consumer
Commercial
Agriculture
Other
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance
$
53,659

$
5,499

$
15,196

$
982

$
—

$
75,336

Provision charged to operating expense
461

646

224

9

—

1,340

Less loans charged-off
(610
)
(837
)
(61
)
—

—

(1,508
)
Add back recoveries of loans previously
   charged-off
425

520

438

1

—

1,384

Ending balance
$
53,935

$
5,828

$
15,797

$
992

$
—

$
76,552


21

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
Real Estate

Consumer

Commercial

Agriculture

Other

Total

Allowance for loan losses:
 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance
$
53,884

$
5,035

$
14,307

$
974

$
—

$
74,200

Provision charged to operating expense
(570
)
1,771

1,217

17

—

2,435

Less loans charged-off
(795
)
(2,138
)
(435
)
—

—

(3,368
)
Add back recoveries of loans previously
   charged-off
1,416

1,160

708

1

—

3,285

Ending balance
$
53,935

$
5,828

$
15,797

$
992

$
—

$
76,552

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2015
Real Estate

Consumer

Commercial

Agriculture

Other
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
$
4,794

$
—

$
6,487

$
294

$
—

$
11,575

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
47,502

5,144

12,288

308

—

65,242

Allowance for loan losses
$
52,296

$
5,144

$
18,775

$
602

$
—

$
76,817

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans:
 

 

 

 

 

 

Individually evaluated for impairment
$
66,516

$
—

$
24,471

$
978

$
—

$
91,965

Collectively evaluated for impairment
3,346,546

844,353

767,945

141,173

1,339

5,101,356

Total loans
$
3,413,062

$
844,353

$
792,416

$
142,151

$
1,339

$
5,193,321

    
The Company performs a quarterly assessment of the adequacy of its allowance for loan losses in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The methodology used to assess the adequacy is consistently applied to the Company's loan portfolio and consists of three elements: (1) specific valuation allowances based on probable losses on impaired loans; (2) historical valuation allowances based on loan loss experience for similar loans with similar characteristics and trends; and (3) general valuation allowances determined based on changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company.
    
Specific allowances are established for loans where management has determined that probability of a loss exists by analyzing the borrower’s ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies and any relevant qualitative or economic factors impacting the loan. Historical valuation allowances are determined by applying percentage loss factors to the credit exposures from outstanding loans. For commercial, agricultural and real estate loans, loss factors are applied based on the internal risk classifications of these loans. For consumer loans, loss factors are applied on a portfolio basis. For commercial, agriculture and real estate loans, loss factor percentages are based on a migration analysis of our historical loss experience, designed to account for credit deterioration. For consumer loans, loss factor percentages are based on a one-year loss history. General valuation allowances are determined by evaluating, on a quarterly basis, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, current economic and regulatory conditions and the estimated impact of these factors on historical loss rates.    

An allowance for loan losses is established for loans acquired credit impaired and for which the Company projects a decrease in the expected cash flows in periods subsequent to the acquisition of such loans. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company's allowance for loan losses included $387 and $382, respectively, related to loans acquired credit impaired.


22

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


(6)
Other Real Estate Owned
    
Information with respect to the Company's other real estate owned follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Beginning balance
$
9,257

 
$
15,134

 
$
6,254

 
$
13,554

Additions
792

 
1,139

 
4,019

 
4,396

Valuation adjustments
(586
)
 
—

 
(603
)
 
(106
)
Dispositions
(1,555
)
 
(4,500
)
 
(1,762
)
 
(6,071
)
Ending balance
$
7,908

 
$
11,773

 
$
7,908

 
$
11,773


Foreclosed residential real estate properties of $3,213 and $1,686 were included in other real estate owned as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Company did not have any consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

(7)
Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Interest Rate Swap Contracts Designated as Hedges. For asset and liability management purposes, the Company has entered into interest rate swap contracts to hedge against changes in forecasted cash flows due to interest rate exposures. The swap agreements are derivative instruments and convert a portion of the Company’s forecasted variable rate debt to a fixed rate (i.e., cash flow hedge) over the payment term of the interest rate swap. The effective portion of the gain or loss on cash flow hedging instruments is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on derivative instruments, if any, is recognized in earnings. The Company does not enter into interest rate swap agreements for trading or speculative purposes.

On September 22, 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate swap contract with a notional amount of $100,000 that was designated as a cash flow hedge. Under the terms of the interest rate swap contract, the Company pays a fixed interest rate of 1.94% and the counterparty pays to the Company a variable interest rate equal to the three-month LIBOR. No cash is exchanged until the effective date, which begins on September 15, 2017 and ends on September 15, 2020. The Company designated the interest payments related to Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings as the cash flow hedge. The hedge was fully effective during the current period. As such, no amount of ineffectiveness was included in the Company's income statement for the three or six months ended June 30, 2016. The Company expects the hedge to remain highly effective during the remaining term of the interest rate swap.

Non-Hedging Interest Rate Swap Contracts. The Company enters into certain interest rate swap contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivative contracts relate to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with a third party financial institution. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for the customer, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts for the most part offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company's results of operations.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments and Forward Loan Sales Contracts. In the normal course of business, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments to finance residential mortgage loans that are not designated as accounting hedges. These commitments, which contain fixed expiration dates, offer the borrower an interest rate guarantee provided the loan meets underwriting guidelines and closes within the timeframe established by the Company. Interest rate risk arises on these commitments and subsequently closed loans if interest rates change between the time of the interest rate lock and the delivery of the loan to the investor. Loan commitments related to residential mortgage loans intended to be sold are considered derivatives and are marked to market through earnings. In addition to the effects of the change in market interest rate, the fair value measurement of the derivative also contemplates the expected cash flows to be received from the counterparty from the future sale of the loan.

23

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)



The Company sells residential mortgage loans on either a best efforts or mandatory delivery basis. The Company mitigates the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing interest rate lock commitments by entering into forward loan sales contracts. During the interest rate lock commitment period, these forward loan sales contracts are marked to market through earnings and are not designated as accounting hedges. Exclusive of the fair value component associated with the projected cash flows from the loan delivery to the investor, the changes in fair value related to movements in market rates of the interest rate lock commitments and the forward loan sales contracts generally move in opposite directions, and the net impact of changes in these valuations on net income during the loan commitment period is generally inconsequential. When the loan is funded to the borrower, the interest rate lock commitment derivative expires and the Company records a loan held for sale. The forward loan sales contract acts as a hedge against the variability in cash to be received from the loan sale.

The changes in measurement of the estimated fair values of the interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sales contracts are included in mortgage banking revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The notional amounts and estimated fair values of the Company's derivatives are presented in the following table. Fair value estimates are obtained from third parties and are based on pricing models.
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Notional Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Notional Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
Derivative Assets (included in other assets on balance sheet):
Derivatives designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
$
—

$
—

 
$
100,000

$
165

 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
20,913

1,719

 
9,369

788

Interest rate lock commitments
98,401

2,801

 
—

—

Total derivative assets
$
119,314

$
4,520

 
$
109,369

$
953

 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Liabilities (included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on balance sheet):
Derivatives designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
$
100,000

$
2,837

 
$
—

$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
20,913

1,840

 
9,369

829

Forward loan sales contracts
166,834

1,583

 
—

—

Total derivative liabilities
$
287,747

$
6,260

 
$
9,369

$
829



24

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The following table presents the pre-tax gains or losses related to derivative contracts that were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and other non-interest income in the Company's statements of income for the periods indicated:
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Derivatives designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (effective portion)
$
(804
)
$
—

 
$
(3,002
)
$
—

Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of loss recognized in other non-interest income
(50
)
(10
)
 
(79
)
(17
)
Amount of net fee income recognized in other non-interest income
245

—

 
245

—

Amount of gains recognized in mortgage banking revenues
523

—

 
1,218

—


(8)
Capital Stock
    
The Company had 21,131,759 shares of Class A common stock and 23,614,455 shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2016. The Company had 21,698,594 shares of Class A common stock and 23,729,631 shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2015.
    
During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company repurchased and retired 975,877 shares of its Class A common stock in open market transactions at an aggregate purchase price of $25,525. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company repurchased and retired 565,875 shares of its Class A common stock in a privately negotiated transaction at an aggregate purchase price of $14,674. All repurchases were made pursuant to stock repurchase programs approved by the Company's Board of Directors. Under the terms of the current stock repurchase program, the Company may repurchase up to an additional 24,123 shares of its Class A common stock. All other stock repurchases during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were redemptions of vested restricted shares tendered in lieu of cash for payment of income tax withholding amounts by participants of the Company's equity compensation plans.

(9)
Earnings per Common Share
    
Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period presented, excluding unvested restricted stock. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares determined for the basic earnings per share computation plus the dilutive effects of stock-based compensation using the treasury stock method.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Net income
$
25,554

$
22,222

 
$
45,678

$
43,202

Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per share computation
44,268,985

45,143,122

 
44,494,102

45,260,104

Dilutive effects of stock-based compensation
376,190

463,564

 
385,513

582,935

Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share computation
44,645,175

45,606,686

 
44,879,615

45,843,039

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share
$
0.58

$
0.49

 
$
1.03

$
0.95

Diluted earnings per common share
$
0.57

$
0.49

 
$
1.02

$
0.94

        

25

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The Company had 221,322 and 166,362 shares of unvested restricted stock as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because performance conditions for vesting had not been met. In addition, the Company had 96,726 shares of unvested time restricted stock outstanding as of June 30, 2016 that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common shares because their effect would be anti-dilutive. The Company had no anti-dilutive shares of unvested time restricted stock or stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2015.

(10)
Regulatory Capital

On July 2, 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Bank issued a final rule implementing a revised regulatory capital framework for U.S. banks in accordance with the Basel III international accord, ("Basel III"). Basel III includes a more stringent definition of capital and introduces a new common equity tier 1, or CET1, capital requirement, sets forth a comprehensive methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets, introduces a conservation buffer and sets out minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards. Under Basel III, certain deductions and adjustments to regulatory capital began to phase in starting January 1, 2015 and will be fully implemented on January 1, 2018. The capital conservation buffer required under Basel III began to phase in starting January 1, 2016 and will be fully implemented on January 1, 2019.

As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company exceeded all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject. Actual capital amounts and ratios for the Company and its bank subsidiary, as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are presented in the following tables: 
 
Actual
 
Adequately Capitalized
 Basel III
Phase-In Schedule
 
Adequately Capitalized
Basel III
Fully Phased-In
 
Well Capitalized (1)
 
Amount
 Ratio
 
Amount
 Ratio
 
Amount
 Ratio
 
Amount
 Ratio
June 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total risk-based capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
$
950,217

15.0
%
 
$
545,247

8.6
%
 
$
663,779

10.5
%
 
$
632,170

10.0
%
FIB
877,466

13.9

 
543,128

8.6

 
661,199

10.5

 
629,713

10.0

Tier 1 risk-based capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
867,179

13.7

 
418,813

6.6

 
537,345

8.5

 
505,736

8.0

FIB
798,732

12.7

 
417,185

6.6

 
535,256

8.5

 
503,770

8.0

Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
787,179

12.5

 
323,987

5.1

 
442,519

7.0

 
410,911

6.5

FIB
798,732

12.7

 
322,728

5.1

 
440,799

7.0

 
409,314

6.5

Leverage capital ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
867,179

10.4

 
335,116

4.0

 
335,116

4.0

 
418,895

5.0

FIB
798,732

9.6

 
333,819

4.0

 
333,819

4.0

 
417,274

5.0



26

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


 
Actual
 
Adequately Capitalized
 Basel III
Phase-In Schedule
 
Adequately Capitalized
Basel III
Fully Phased-In
 
Well Capitalized (1)
 
Amount
 Ratio
 
Amount
 Ratio
 
Amount
 Ratio
 
Amount
 Ratio
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total risk-based capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
$
946,156

15.4
%
 
$
492,692

8.0
%
 
$
646,658

10.5
%
 
$
615,865

10.0
%
FIB
882,504

14.4

 
490,866

8.0

 
644,262

10.5

 
613,582

10.0

Tier 1 risk-based capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
861,339

14.0

 
369,519

6.0

 
523,485

8.5

 
$
492,692

8.0

FIB
805,805

13.1

 
368,149

6.0

 
521,545

8.5

 
490,866

8.0

Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
781,339

12.7

 
277,139

4.5

 
431,105

7.0

 
$
400,312

6.5

FIB
805,805

13.1

 
276,112

4.5

 
429,508

7.0

 
398,829

6.5

Leverage capital ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated
861,339

10.1

 
340,480

4.0

 
340,480

4.0

 
$
425,600

5.0

FIB
805,805

9.5

 
339,316

4.0

 
339,316

4.0

 
424,145

5.0

(1) The ratios for the well capitalized requirement are only applicable to FIB. However, the Company manages its capital position as if the requirement applies to the consolidated entity and has presented the ratios as if they also applied on a consolidated basis.

(11)
Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various other claims and litigation. In the opinion of management, following consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate liability or disposition thereof of all other claims and litigation is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity of the Company.

As of June 30, 2016, the Company had a commitment under a forward starting interest rate swap contract with a notional amount of $100,000. For additional information about the forward starting interest rate swap contract, see Note 7 — Derivatives and Hedging Activity.

As of June 30, 2016, the Company had commitments under construction contracts of $131.

Residential mortgage loans sold to investors in the secondary market are sold with varying recourse provisions. Essentially all of the loan sales agreements require the repurchase of a mortgage loan by the seller in situations such as breach of representation, warranty or covenant; untimely document delivery; false or misleading statements; failure to obtain certain certificates or insurance; unmarketability; etc. Certain loan sales agreements contain repurchase requirements based on payment-related defects that are defined in terms of the number of days or months since the purchase, the sequence number of the payment, and/or the number of days of payment delinquency. Based on the specific terms stated in the agreements, the Company had $3,055 of sold residential mortgage loans with recourse provisions still in effect as of June 30, 2016.
    

27

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


(12)
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
    
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At June 30, 2016, commitments to extend credit to existing and new borrowers approximated $1,597,683, which included $569,171 on unused credit card lines and $404,152 with commitment maturities beyond one year.
    
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. At June 30, 2016, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit of $51,804. The estimated fair value of the obligation undertaken by the Company in issuing the standby letters of credit is included in other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
    
(13)
Other Comprehensive Income/Loss
    
The gross amounts of each component of other comprehensive income and the related tax effects are as follows:
 
Pre-tax
 
Tax Expense (Benefit)
 
Net of Tax
Three Months Ended June 30,
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Investment securities available-for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net unrealized gains during period
$
10,043

 
$
(9,196
)
 
$
3,947

 
$
(3,618
)
 
$
6,096

 
$
(5,578
)
Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income
(108
)
 
(46
)
 
(42
)
 
(18
)
 
(66
)
 
(28
)
Change in unamortized loss on available-
 for-sale securities transferred into held-to-
 maturity
452

 
451

 
170

 
177

 
282

 
274

Unrealized loss on derivatives
(804
)
 
—

 
(305
)
 
—

 
(499
)
 
—

Defined benefits post-retirement benefit plan:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net actuarial loss
13

 
13

 
5

 
5

 
8

 
8

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
$
9,596

 
$
(8,778
)
 
$
3,775

 
$
(3,454
)
 
$
5,821

 
$
(5,324
)
 
Pre-tax
 
Tax Expense (Benefit)
 
Net of Tax
Six Months Ended June 30,
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Investment securities available-for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net unrealized gains during period
$
18,671

 
$
1,412

 
$
7,322

 
$
555

 
$
11,349

 
$
857

Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income
(87
)
 
(52
)
 
(34
)
 
(20
)
 
(53
)
 
(32
)
Change in unamortized loss on available-
 for-sale securities transferred into held-to-
 maturity
904

 
902

 
340

 
355

 
564

 
547

Unrealized loss on derivatives
(3,002
)
 
—

 
(1,141
)
 
—

 
(1,861
)
 
—

Defined benefits post-retirement benefit plan:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in net actuarial loss
28

 
28

 
11

 
11

 
17

 
17

Total other comprehensive income
$
16,514

 
$
2,290

 
$
6,498

 
$
901

 
$
10,016

 
$
1,389



28

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of related tax effects, are as follows:
 
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Net unrealized gain on investment securities available-for-sale
$
12,544

 
$
684

Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives
(1,761
)
 
100

Net actuarial loss on defined benefit post-retirement benefit plans
(361
)
 
(378
)
Net accumulated other comprehensive income
$
10,422

 
$
406

    
(14)
Fair Value Measurements
                
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
    
•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
    
•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
    
•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of of assets or liabilities
    
The methodologies used by the Company in determining the fair values of each class of financial instruments are based primarily on the use of independent, market-based data to reflect a value that would be reasonably expected in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, and therefore are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the three or six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
    
Further details on the methods used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments above are discussed below:

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale. The Company obtains fair value measurements for investment securities from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the investment's terms and conditions, among other things. Vendors chosen by the Company are widely recognized vendors whose evaluations support the pricing functions of financial institutions, investment and mutual funds, and portfolio managers. If needed, a broker may be utilized to determine the reported fair value of investment securities.
    
Loans Held for Sale. Fair value measurements for loans held for sale are obtained from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include binding contracts or quotes or bids from third party investors as well as loan level pricing adjustments.
    
Interest Rate Swap Contracts. Fair values for derivative interest rate swap contracts are based upon the estimated amounts to settle the contracts considering current interest rates and are calculated using discounted cash flows that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data. The inputs used to determine fair value include the 3 month LIBOR forward curve to estimate variable rate cash inflows and the federal funds effective swap rate to estimate the discount rate. The estimated variable rate cash inflows are compared to the fixed rate outflows and such difference is discounted to a present value to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swaps. The change in the value of derivative assets attributable to basis risk, or the risk that offsetting investments in a hedging strategy will not experience price changes in entirely opposite directions from each other, was not significant in the reported periods. The Company also obtains and compares the reasonableness of the pricing from an independent third party.


29

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


Interest Rate Lock Commitments. Fair value measurements for interest rate lock commitments are obtained from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include prices available from secondary market investors taking into consideration various characteristics of the loan, including the loan amount, interest rate, value of the servicing and loan to value ratio, among other things. Observable data is then adjusted to reflect changes in interest rates, the Company's estimated pull-through rate and estimated direct costs necessary to complete the commitment into a closed loan net of origination and processing fees collected from the borrower.

Forward Loan Sales Contracts. The fair value measurements for forward loan sales contracts are obtained from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that includes sales of similar loans.

Deferred Compensation Plan Assets and Liabilities. The fair values of deferred compensation plan assets are based primarily on the use of independent, market-based data to reflect a value that would be reasonably expected in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. These investments are in the same funds and purchased in the same amounts as the participants’ selected investments, which represent the underlying liabilities to plan participants. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at amounts due to participants, based on the fair value of participants’ selected investments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
As of June 30, 2016
Balance
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury Notes
$
3,953

$
—
$
3,953

$
—
Obligations of U.S. government agencies
453,405

 
—
453,405

 
—
U.S. agencies mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
1,044,597

 
—
1,044,597

 
—
Private mortgage-backed securities
135

 
—
135

 
—
Other investments
3,491

 
—
3,491

 
—
Loans held for sale
73,053

 
—
73,053

 
—
Derivative assets:


 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
1,719

 
—
1,719

 
—
Interest rate lock commitments
2,801

 
—
2,801

 
—
Derivative liabilities:


 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
4,676

 
—
4,676

 
—
Forward loan sale contracts
1,583

 
—
1,583

 
—
Deferred compensation plan assets
10,247

 
—
10,247

 
—
Deferred compensation plan liabilities
10,247

 
—
10,247

 
—

30

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
As of December 31, 2015
Balance
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury notes
$
3,911

$
—
$
3,911

$
—
Obligations of U.S. government agencies
520,181

 
—
520,181

 
—
U.S. agencies mortgage-backed securities & collateralized mortgage obligations
929,046

 
—
929,046

 
—
Private mortgage-backed securities
156

 
—
156

 
—
Other investments
3,546

 
—
3,546

 
—
Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
953

 
—
953

 
—
Derivative liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap contracts
829

 
—
829

 
—
Deferred compensation plan assets
10,149

 
—
10,149

 
—
Deferred compensation plan liabilities
10,149

 
—
10,149

 
—
    
Additionally, from time to time, certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Adjustments to fair value generally result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment. The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
As of June 30, 2016
Balance
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Impaired loans
$
21,538

$
—
$
—
$
21,538

Other real estate owned
1,369

 
—
 
—
1,369

Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale
1,506

 
—
 
—
1,506

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
As of December 31, 2015
Balance
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Impaired loans
$
20,875

$
—
$
—
$
20,875

Other real estate owned
1,789

 
—
 
—
1,789

Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale
1,506

 
—
 
—
1,506

    
Impaired Loans. Collateralized impaired loans are reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from collateral. The impaired loans are reported at fair value through specific valuation allowance allocations. In addition, when it is determined that the fair value of an impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the carrying value of the loan is adjusted to fair value through a charge to the allowance for loan losses. Collateral values are estimated using independent appraisals and management estimates of current market conditions. As of June 30, 2016, certain impaired loans with a carrying value of $50,858 were reduced by specific valuation allowance allocations of $18,854 and partial loan charge-offs of $10,466 resulting in a reported fair value of $21,538. As of December 31, 2015, certain impaired loans with a carrying value of $42,679 were reduced by specific valuation allowance allocations of $11,575 and partial loan charge-offs of $10,229 resulting in a reported fair value of $20,875.
        

31

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


OREO.The fair values of OREO are estimated using independent appraisals and management estimates of current market conditions. Upon initial recognition, write-downs based on the foreclosed asset's fair value at foreclosure are reported through charges to the allowance for loan losses. Periodically, the fair value of foreclosed assets is remeasured with any subsequent write-downs charged to OREO expense in the period in which they are identified. Write-downs of $603 during the six months ended June 30, 2016 included $550 directly related to receipt of updated appraisals and $53 based on management estimates of the current fair value of properties. Write downs of $106 during the six months ended June 30, 2015 were based on management's estimate of the current fair value of the properties.
    
Long-lived Assets to be Disposed of by Sale. Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less estimated costs to sell. The fair values of long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale are based upon observable market data and management estimates of current market conditions. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale with carrying values aggregating $2,363 that were reduced by write-downs of $857 resulting in an aggregate fair value of $1,506.         

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair values:
 
Fair Value As of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2016
December 31, 2015
Valuation
Technique
Unobservable
Inputs
Range
(Weighted Average)
Impaired loans
$
21,538

$
20,875

Appraisal
Appraisal adjustment
0%
-
53%
(38%)
Other real estate owned
1,369

1,789

Appraisal
Appraisal adjustment
2%
-
96%
(19%)
Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale
1,506

1,506

Appraisal
Appraisal adjustment
0%
-
9%
(6%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practical to estimate fair value. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of other financial instruments are discussed below. For financial instruments bearing a variable interest rate where no credit risk exists, it is presumed that recorded book values are reasonable estimates of fair value.
            
Financial Assets. Carrying values of cash, cash equivalents and accrued interest receivable approximate fair values due to the liquid and/or short-term nature of these instruments. Fair values for investment securities held-to-maturity are obtained from an independent pricing service, which considers observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the investment’s terms and conditions, among other things. Fair values of fixed rate loans and variable rate loans that reprice on an infrequent basis are estimated by discounting future cash flows using current interest rates at which similar loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality. Carrying values of variable rate loans that reprice frequently, and with no change in credit risk, approximate the fair values of these instruments.
        
Financial Liabilities. The fair values of demand deposits, savings accounts, securities sold under repurchase agreements and accrued interest payable are the amounts payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair values of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit are estimated using external market rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. The fair values of derivative liabilities are obtained from an independent pricing service, which considers observable data that may include the three-month LIBOR forward curve, the federal funds effective swap rate and cash flows, among other things. The carrying values of the interest bearing demand notes to the United States Treasury are deemed an approximation of fair values due to the frequent repayment and repricing at market rates. The fixed and floating rate subordinated debentures, floating rate subordinated term loan, notes payable to the FHLB, fixed rate subordinated term debt, and capital lease obligation are estimated by discounting future cash flows using current rates for advances with similar characteristics.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit. The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, is not significant.    

32

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


The estimated fair values of financial instruments that are reported in the Company's consolidated balance sheets, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value, are as follows:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
As of June 30, 2016
Carrying Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
476,051

$
476,051

$
476,051

$
—

$
—

Investment securities available-for-sale
1,505,581

1,505,581

—

1,505,581

—

Investment securities held-to-maturity
566,247

574,482

—

574,482

—

Accrued interest receivable
27,448

27,448

—

27,448

—

Mortgage servicing rights, net
16,038

23,970

—

23,970

—

Loans held for sale
73,053

73,053

—

73,053

—

Net loans held for investment
5,259,849

5,123,545

—

5,102,007

21,538

Derivative assets
4,520

4,520

—

4,520

—

Deferred compensation plan assets
10,247

10,247

—

10,247

—

Total financial assets
$
7,939,034

$
7,818,897

$
476,051

$
7,321,308

$
21,538

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Total deposits, excluding time deposits
$
5,894,902

$
5,894,902

$
5,894,902

$
—

$
—

Time deposits
1,086,546

1,085,410

—

1,085,410

—

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
466,399

466,399

—

466,399

—

Other borrowed funds
15

15

—

15

—

Accrued interest payable
5,647

5,647

—

5,647

—

Long-term debt
27,928

27,535

—

27,535

—

Subordinated debentures held by subsidiary
   trusts
82,477

71,173

—

71,173

—

Derivative liabilities
6,260

6,260

—

6,260

—

Deferred compensation plan liabilities
10,247

10,247

—

10,247

—

Total financial liabilities
$
7,580,421

$
7,567,588

$
5,894,902

$
1,672,686

$
—


33

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
As of December 31, 2015
Carrying Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
780,457

$
780,457

$
780,457

$
—

$
—

Investment securities available-for-sale
1,456,840

1,456,840

—

1,456,840

—

Investment securities held-to-maturity
600,665

607,550

—

607,550

—

Accrued interest receivable
27,729

27,729

—

27,729

—

Mortgage servicing rights, net
15,621

31,011

—

31,011

—

Net loans
5,169,379

5,128,705

—

5,107,830

20,875

Derivative assets
953

953

—

953

—

Deferred compensation plan assets
10,149

10,149

—

10,149

—

Total financial assets
$
8,061,793

$
8,043,394

$
780,457

$
7,242,062

$
20,875

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Total deposits, excluding time deposits
$
5,957,345

$
5,975,345

$
5,975,345

$
—

$
—

Time deposits
1,131,592

1,137,289

—

1,137,289

—

Securities sold under repurchase agreements
510,635

510,635

—

510,635

—

Other borrowed funds
2

2

—

2

—

Accrued interest payable
4,960

4,960

—

4,960

—

Long-term debt
27,885

27,622

—

27,622

—

Subordinated debentures held by subsidiary
   trusts
82,477

74,969

—

74,969

—

Derivative liabilities
829

829

—

829

—

Deferred compensation plan liabilities
10,149

10,149

—

10,149

—

Total financial liabilities
$
7,725,874

$
7,741,800

$
5,975,345

$
1,766,455

$
—


(15)
Recent Authoritative Accounting Guidance            
    
ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." The amendments in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09 introduce a new five-step revenue recognition model in which an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Deferral of the Effective Date" was released in August of 2015 deferring the effective date of 2014-09 for all entities by one year until January 1, 2018. The Company is evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.
    

34

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


ASU 2014-12 "Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period." ASU 2014-12 amends Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to clarify that a performance target that affects the vesting of a share-based payment award and that could be achieved after the requisite service period should be treated as a performance condition that affects the vesting of the award. ASU 2014-12 further clarifies that the requisite service period ends when the employees can cease rendering service and still be eligible to vest in the award if the performance target is achieved. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2014-12 effective January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.    
    
ASU 2014-16 "Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share is More Akin to Debt or to Equity." The amendments in ASU 2014-16 clarify that an entity should consider all relevant terms and features-including the embedded derivative feature being evaluated for bifurcation-in evaluating the nature of the host contract within a hybrid financial instrument. The amendments further clarify that no single term or feature would necessarily determine the economic characteristics and risk of the host contract. Rather, the nature of the host contract depends upon the economic characteristics and risk of the entire hybrid financial instrument. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2014-16 effective January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.
    
ASU 2015-02 "Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis." The amendments in ASU 2015-02 (i) modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities or voting interest entities, (ii) eliminate the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, (iii) affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with variable interest entities, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships, and (iv) provide scope exceptions from consolidation guidance for reporting entities with interest in legal entities that are required to comply or operate in accordance with requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for registered market funds. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.
    
ASU 2015-03 "Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." The amendments in ASU 2015-03 require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, rather than as a deferred charge. The guidance in ASU 2015-03 did not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt issues costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. ASU 2015-15, “Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) – Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements, Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting," addresses this gap. ASU 2015-15 adds that the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 effective January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.
    
ASU 2015-05 "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software." The amendments in ASU 2015-05 provide guidance about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. Under the guidance in ASU 2015-05, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2015-05 effective January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.
    
ASU 2015-10 "Technical Corrections and Improvements." The amendments in ASU 2015-10 represent changes to clarify the codification, correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the codification that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2015-10 effective January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

35

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)



ASU 2015-16 "Business Combinations-Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments." The amendments in ASU 2015-16 eliminate the requirement to retrospectively account for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized as part of a business combination. Under the amendments in ASU 2015-16, an acquirer must recognize adjustments to the provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The amendments in ASU 2015-16 require that the acquirer record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The Company adopted the amendments in ASU 2015-16 effective January 1, 2016. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

ASU 2016-01 "Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendments in ASU 2016-1, among other things, (i) require equity investments, with certain exceptions, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (ii) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment, (iii) eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, (iv) requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, (v) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, (vi) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements and (viii) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale investment securities. The amendments in ASU 2016-1 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

ASU 2016-02 "Leases (Topic 842)." On February 25, 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued new lease accounting guidance in ASU No. 2016-02. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right of use asset for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date of the lease and disclose key information about leasing arrangements.  Accounting by lessors is largely unchanged.  ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and will be applied using a modified retrospective approach.  The Company is evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

ASU 2016-05 "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships." The amendments in ASU 2016-05 clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument under ASC Topic 815 does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. The amendments in ASU 2016-05 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2017, and are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.
 
ASU 2016-07 "Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting." The amendments in ASU 2016-07 eliminate the requirement that when an investment qualified for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investments, results of operations and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method had been in effect during all previous periods hat the investment had been held. The amendments in ASU 2016-07 also simplify the transition to the equity method of accounting by eliminating retroactive adjustment of the investment when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method, among other things. The amendments in ASU 2016-07 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2017, and are not expected to have a significant impact on on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.


36

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


ASU 2016-08 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)." The amendments in ASU 2016-08 were issued to clarify certain principal versus agent considerations within the implementation guidance of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The effective date and transition of ASU 2016-08 is the same as the effective date and transition of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as discussed above. The Company is continuing to evaluate the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

ASU 2016-09 "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." Under the amendments in ASU 2016-09, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to share-based payment awards should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement during the period in which they occur. Previously, such amounts were recorded in the pool of excess tax benefits included in additional paid-in capital, if such pool was available. Because excess tax benefits are no longer recognized in additional paid-in capital, the assumed proceeds from applying the treasury stock method when computing earnings per share should exclude the amount of excess tax benefits that would have previously been recognized in additional paid-in capital. Additionally, excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity rather than a financing activity, as was previously the case. The amendments in ASU 2016-09 also provide that an entity can make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest (current GAAP) or account for forfeitures when they occur. The amendments in ASU 2016-09 change the threshold to qualify for equity classification to permit withholding up to the maximum statutory tax rates (rather than the minimum as was previously the case) in the applicable jurisdictions. The amendments in ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2017, and are not expected to have a significant impact on impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

ASU No. 2016-10 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing." The amendments in ASU 2016-10 were issued to clarify ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” related to (i) identifying performance obligations; and (ii) the licensing implementation guidance. The effective date and transition of ASU 2016-10 is the same as the effective date and transition of ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” as discussed above. The Company is continuing to evaluate the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements, results of operations and liquidity.

ASU No. 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." The amendments in ASU 2016-13 require a financial asset or group of financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented on a company's financial statements at the net amount expected to be collected based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 requires a company's income statement to reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 require that the allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination be measured at amortized cost basis with the initial allowance for credit losses added to the purchase price rather than being reported as a credit loss expense. ASU 2016-13 also requires that credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 are effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments will be applied through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period. A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which other-than-temporary impairment was recognized before the effective date. Amounts previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income as of the sate of adoption that relate to improvement in cash flows expected to be collected will continue to be accreted into income over the remaining life of the asset. Recoveries of amounts previously written off relating to improvements in cash flows after the date of adoption will be recorded in earnings when received. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements, results of operations and liquidity.


37

FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


(16)
Subsequent Events
    
Subsequent events have been evaluated for potential recognition and disclosure through the date financial statements were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. On July 21, 2016, the Company declared a quarterly dividend to common shareholders of $0.22 per share, to be paid on August 12, 2016 to shareholders of record as of August 1, 2016.     

No other events requiring recognition or disclosure were identified.

38

Item 2.
    
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                    
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, including the audited financial statements contained therein, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.
            
When we refer to “we,” “our,” and “us” in this report, we mean First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates that we refer only to the parent company, First Interstate BancSystem, Inc.
    
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Factors that Could Affect Future Results
    
“Forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 175 promulgated thereunder, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 3b-6 promulgated thereunder, that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Any statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, strategies, beliefs, or future performance or events constitute forward-looking statements. Such statements are identified as those that include words or phrases such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “trend,” “objective,” “continue” or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “may” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, estimates and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any results, performance or events expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations in the forward-looking statements, including those set forth in this report: declining business and economic conditions, credit losses, adverse economic conditions affecting Montana, Wyoming and South Dakota, declining oil and gas prices, lending risk, adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, impairment of goodwill, failure to integrate or profitably operate acquired organizations, additional regulatory requirements if our assets exceed $10 billion, access to low-cost funding sources, changes in interest rates, dependence on the Company’s management team, ability to attract and retain qualified employees, governmental regulation and changes in regulatory, tax and accounting rules and interpretations, failure of technology, cyber-security, unfavorable resolution of litigation, inability to meet liquidity requirements, environmental remediation and other costs, ineffective internal operational controls, competition, reliance on external vendors, implementation of new lines of business or new product or service offerings, soundness of other financial institutions, failure to effectively implement technology-driven products and services, inability of our bank subsidiary to pay dividends, risks associated with introducing new lines of business, products or services, litigation pertaining to fiduciary responsibilities, change in dividend policy, uninsured nature of any investment in Class A common stock, volatility of Class A common stock, decline in market price of Class A common stock, voting control of Class B stockholders, anti-takeover provisions, dilution as a result of future equity issuances, controlled company status, and subordination of common stock to Company debt.
    
A more detailed discussion of each of the foregoing risks is included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed March 1, 2016. These factors and the other risk factors described in the Company's periodic and current reports filed with the SEC from time to time, however, are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause the Company's actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any of the Company's forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could harm the Company's results. Investors and others are encouraged to read the more detailed discussion of the Company's risks contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
    
All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth above. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we do not undertake or assume any obligation to update publicly any of these statements to reflect actual results, new information or future events, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable laws. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.
    
Executive Overview
    
We are a financial holding company headquartered in Billings, Montana. As of June 30, 2016, we had consolidated assets of $8,605 million, deposits of $6,981 million, loans of $5,413 million and total stockholders’ equity of $965 million. We currently operate 76 banking offices, including detached drive-up facilities, in 44 communities located in Montana, Wyoming and South Dakota. Through our bank subsidiary, First Interstate Bank, or FIB, we deliver a comprehensive range of banking products and services to individuals, businesses, municipalities and other entities throughout our market areas. Our customers participate in a wide variety of industries, including energy, tourism, agriculture, healthcare, professional services, education, governmental services, construction, mining, retail and wholesale trade.

39

Our Business
                    
Our principal business activity is lending to and accepting deposits from individuals, businesses, municipalities and other entities. We derive our income principally from interest charged on loans and, to a lesser extent, from interest and dividends earned on investments. We also derive income from non-interest sources such as fees received in connection with various lending and deposit services; trust, employee benefit, investment and insurance services; mortgage loan originations, sales and servicing; merchant and electronic banking services; and from time to time, gains on sales of assets. Our principal expenses include interest expense on deposits and borrowings, operating expenses, provisions for loan losses and income tax expense.
    
Our loan portfolio consists of a mix of real estate, consumer, commercial, agricultural and other loans, including fixed and variable rate loans. Our real estate loans comprise commercial real estate, construction (including residential, commercial and land development loans), residential, agricultural and other real estate loans. Fluctuations in the loan portfolio are directly related to the economies of the communities we serve. While each loan originated must meet minimum underwriting standards established in our credit policies, lending officers are granted discretion within pre-approved limits in approving and pricing loans to assure that the banking offices are responsive to competitive issues and community needs in each market area. We fund our loan portfolio primarily with the core deposits from our customers, generally without utilizing brokered deposits and with minimal reliance on wholesale funding sources.
    
Recent Developments
    
On April 6, 2016, the Company's bank subsidiary, First Interstate Bank, entered into a stock purchase agreement to acquire all of the outstanding stock of Flathead Bank of Bigfork ("Flathead Bank"), a Montana-based bank wholly owned by Flathead Holding Company. With total assets of $232 million as of December 31, 2015, Flathead Bank operates seven branches in western and northwestern Montana. Upon closing of the transaction, which is expected to occur during the third quarter of 2016, all Flathead Bank branches will become branches of First Interstate Bank. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, First Interstate Bank will pay cash consideration of approximately $34 million for the stock, subject to certain financial performance and other adjustments, the amount of which will be determined prior to the closing date of the transaction.
    
On July 2, 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Bank issued a final rule implementing a revised regulatory capital framework for U.S. banks in accordance with the Basel III international accord, or Basel III. Under Basel II, certain deductions and adjustments to regulatory capital began phasing in starting January 1, 2015 and will be fully implemented on January 1, 2018. The capital conservation buffer phases in beginning January 1, 2016 and will be fully implemented on January 1, 2019. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had capital levels that, in all cases, exceeded the well-capitalized guidelines. For additional information regarding our capital levels, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity Management" included herein and “Note 10 – Regulatory Capital” in the accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this report.
    
Effective January 1, 2016, we elected to account for our loans held for sale using the fair value option. Under the fair value option, unrealized gains and losses on loans held for sale are included in mortgage banking revenues in our consolidated statements of income. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 measurement of our loans held for sale at fair value resulted in mortgage banking income of $796 thousand and $1.7 million, respectively.
    
In prior periods, we recorded net gains or losses attributable to deferred compensation plan assets as other income, and the corresponding compensation expense or benefit related to these net gains or losses as employee benefits expense in our consolidated statements of income. However, because we pass all gains or losses on deferred compensation plan assets through to plan participants, these income and expense amounts offset and do not impact on our consolidated net income. To eliminate fluctuations in other income and employee benefits expense caused by changes in the market values of deferred compensation plan assets, during second quarter 2016 we began recording these gains or losses in other income net of the directly offsetting employee compensation expense or benefit. All prior periods presented in this report have been revised to reflect this change.
    
Primary Factors Used in Evaluating Our Business
                
As a banking institution, we manage and evaluate various aspects of both our financial condition and our results of operations. We monitor our financial condition and performance and evaluate the levels and trends of the line items included in our balance sheet and statements of income, as well as various financial ratios that are commonly used in our industry. We analyze these ratios and financial trends against both our own historical levels and the financial condition and performance of comparable banking institutions in our region and nationally.
    

40

Results of Operations
        
Principal factors used in managing and evaluating our results of operations include return on average equity, net interest income, non-interest income, non-interest expense and net income. Net interest income is affected by the level of interest rates, changes in interest rates and changes in the volume and composition of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. The most significant impact on our net interest income between periods is derived from the interaction of changes in the rates earned or paid on interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, which we refer to as interest rate spread. The volume of loans, investment securities and other interest earning assets, compared to the volume of interest bearing deposits and indebtedness, combined with the interest rate spread, produces changes in our net interest income between periods. Non-interest bearing sources of funds, such as demand deposits and stockholders’ equity, also support earning assets.

The impact of free funding sources is captured in the net interest margin, which is calculated as net interest income divided by average earning assets. We evaluate our net interest income on factors that include the yields on our loans and other earning assets, the costs of our deposits and other funding sources, and the levels of our net interest spread and net interest margin.
        
We seek to increase our non-interest income over time and we evaluate our non-interest income relative to the trends of the individual types of non-interest income taking into consideration seasonality and prevailing market conditions.
    
We manage our non-interest expenses in consideration of growth opportunities and our community banking model that emphasizes customer service and responsiveness. We evaluate our non-interest expense on factors that include our non-interest expense relative to our average assets, our efficiency ratio and the trends of the individual categories of non-interest expense.
    
We seek to increase our net income and provide favorable shareholder returns over time, and we evaluate our net income relative to the performance of other bank holding companies on factors that include return on average assets, return on average equity, total shareholder return and growth in earnings.
    
Financial Condition
    
Principal areas of focus in managing and evaluating our financial condition include liquidity, the diversification and quality of our loans, the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses, the diversification and terms of our deposits and other funding sources, the re-pricing characteristics and maturities of our assets and liabilities, including potential interest rate exposure and the adequacy of our capital levels. We seek to maintain sufficient levels of cash and investment securities to meet potential payment and funding obligations, and we evaluate our liquidity on factors that include the levels of cash and highly liquid assets relative to our liabilities, the quality and maturities of our investment securities, the ratio of loans to deposits and any reliance on brokered certificates of deposit or other wholesale funding sources.
    
We seek to maintain a diverse and high quality loan portfolio and evaluate our asset quality on factors that include the allocation of our loans among loan types, credit exposure to any single borrower or industry type, non-performing assets as a percentage of total loans and other real estate owned, or OREO, and loan charge-offs as a percentage of average loans. We seek to maintain our allowance for loan losses at a level adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in our loan portfolio at each balance sheet date, and we evaluate the level of our allowance for loan losses relative to our overall loan portfolio and the level of non-performing loans and potential charge-offs.
        
We seek to fund our assets primarily using core customer deposits spread among various deposit categories, and we evaluate our deposit and funding mix on factors that include the allocation of our deposits among deposit types, the level of our non-interest bearing deposits, the ratio of our core deposits (total deposits excluding time deposits above $100,000) to our total deposits and our reliance on brokered deposits or other wholesale funding sources, such as borrowings from other banks or agencies. We seek to manage the mix, maturities and re-pricing characteristics of our assets and liabilities to maintain relative stability of our net interest rate margin in a changing interest rate environment, and we evaluate our asset-liability management using models to evaluate the changes to our net interest income under different interest rate scenarios.
    
Finally, we seek to maintain adequate capital levels to absorb unforeseen operating losses and to help support the growth of our balance sheet. We evaluate our capital adequacy using the regulatory and financial capital ratios including leverage capital ratio, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, total risk-based capital ratio, tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tier 1 common capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio.
    

41

Critical Accounting Estimates and Significant Accounting Policies
        
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and follow general practices within the industries in which we operate. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant accounting policies we follow are summarized in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
    
Our critical accounting estimates are summarized below. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) the accounting estimate requires management to make particularly difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and (2) changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, or the use of different estimates that management could have reasonably used in the current period, would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.
    
Allowance for Loan Losses
        
The provision for loan losses creates an allowance for loan losses known and inherent in the loan portfolio at each balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio.
            
We perform a quarterly assessment of the risks inherent in our loan portfolio, as well as a detailed review of each significant loan with identified weaknesses. Based on this analysis, we record a provision for loan losses in order to maintain the allowance for loan losses at appropriate levels. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. Determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses is considered a critical accounting estimate because it requires significant judgment and the use of subjective measurements, including management’s assessment of the internal risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends and the impact of current local, regional and national economic factors on the quality of the loan portfolio. Subjective measurements may be periodically re-evaluated and changes in these estimates and assumptions are possible and may have a material impact on our allowance, and therefore our consolidated financial statements or results of operations. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at an amount we believe is sufficient to provide for estimated losses inherent in our loan portfolio at each balance sheet date, and fluctuations in the provision for loan losses result from management’s assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Management monitors qualitative and quantitative trends in the loan portfolio, including changes in the levels of past due, internally classified and non-performing loans. Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 describes the methodology used to determine the allowance for loan losses. A discussion of the factors driving changes in the amount of the allowance for loan losses is included herein under the heading “Financial Condition - Allowance for Loan Losses."
            
Goodwill
            
The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets from acquisitions, or goodwill, is evaluated for impairment at least annually and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is likely impairment has occurred. In any given year, the Company may elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is in excess of its carrying value. If it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is in excess of the carrying value, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, a two-step quantitative impairment test is performed. In performing a quantitative test for impairment, the fair value of net assets is estimated based on an analysis of our market value, discounted cash flows and peer values. Determining the fair value of goodwill is considered a critical accounting estimate because of its sensitivity to market-based economics. In addition, any allocation of the fair value of goodwill to assets and liabilities requires significant management judgment and the use of subjective measurements. Variability in market conditions and key assumptions or subjective measurements used to estimate and allocate fair value are reasonably possible and could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or results of operations. Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 describes our accounting policy with regard to goodwill.
        
Our annual goodwill impairment test is performed each year as of July 1st. Upon completion of the most recent evaluation, it was determined that the estimated fair value of net assets was greater than the carrying value of the Company. We will continue to monitor our performance and evaluate our goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently as needed.
    

42

Fair Values of Loans Acquired in Business Combinations
    
Loans acquired in business combinations are initially recorded at fair value with no carryover of the related allowance for credit losses. Determining the fair value of the loans involves estimating the amount and timing of principal and interest cash flows initially expected to be collected on the loans and discounting those cash flows at an appropriate market rate of interest. Going forward, the Company continues to evaluate reasonableness of expectations for the timing and the amount of cash to be collected. Subsequent decreases in expected cash flows may result in changes in the amortization or accretion of fair market value adjustments, and in some cases may result in the loan being considered impaired.  For collateral dependent loans with deteriorated credit quality, the Company estimates the fair value of the underlying collateral of the loans. These values are discounted using market derived rates of return, with consideration given to the period of time and costs associated with the foreclosure and disposition of the collateral. Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 describes our accounting policy with regard to acquired loans.
    
Results of Operations
        
The following discussion and analysis is intended to provide greater details of the results of our operations and financial condition.

Net Interest Income. The most significant impact on our net interest income between periods is derived from the interaction of changes in the volume of and rates earned or paid on interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. The volume of loans, investment securities and other interest earning assets, compared to the volume of interest bearing deposits and indebtedness, combined with the interest rate spread, produces changes in the net interest income between periods.
    

43

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, condensed average balance sheet information, together with interest income and yields earned on average interest earning assets and interest expense and rates paid on average interest bearing liabilities.
Average Balance Sheets, Yields and Rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate
Interest earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (1) (2)
$
5,324,812

$
63,248

4.78
%
 
$
4,991,416

$
60,911

4.89
%
Investment securities (2)
2,095,347

9,335

1.79

 
2,319,636

9,642

1.67

Interest bearing deposits in banks
359,807

482

0.54

 
369,345

271

0.29

Federal funds sold
1,888

3

0.64

 
3,168

5

0.63

Total interest earnings assets
7,781,854

73,068

3.78

 
7,683,565

70,829

3.70

Non-earning assets
756,723

 
 
 
743,545

 
 
Total assets
$
8,538,577

 
 
 
$
8,427,110

 
 
Interest bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits
$
2,133,509

$
514

0.10
%
 
$
2,086,443

$
524

0.10
%
Savings deposits
1,983,262

652

0.13

 
1,874,508

624

0.13

Time deposits
1,097,448

1,942

0.71

 
1,175,753

2,091

0.71

Repurchase agreements
470,264

92

0.08

 
448,810

53

0.05

Other borrowed funds
12

—

—

 
7

—

—

Long-term debt
27,896

451

6.50

 
43,039

538

5.01

Subordinated debentures held by subsidiary trusts
82,477

675

3.29

 
82,477

600

2.92

Total interest bearing liabilities
5,794,868

4,326

0.30

 
5,711,037

4,430

0.31

Non-interest bearing deposits
1,738,008

 
 
 
1,739,329

 
 
Other non-interest bearing liabilities
56,864

 
 
 
55,515

 
 
Stockholders’ equity
948,837

 
 
 
921,229

 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
8,538,577

 

 
 
$
8,427,110

 

 
Net FTE interest income
 
68,742

 
 
 
66,399

 
Less FTE adjustments (2)
 
(1,109
)
 
 
 
(1,111
)
 
Net interest income from consolidated statements of income
 
$
67,633

 

 
 
$
65,288

 

Interest rate spread
 
 
3.48
%
 
 
 
3.39
%
Net FTE interest margin (3)
 
 
3.55
%
 
 
 
3.47
%
Cost of funds, including non-interest bearing demand deposits (4)
 
 
0.23
%
 
 
 
0.24
%
    
(1)
Average loan balances include non-accrual loans. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees net of deferred loan costs, which is not material.
(2)
Interest income and average rates for tax exempt loans and securities are presented on an FTE basis.
(3)
Net FTE interest margin during the period equals (i) the difference between annualized interest income on interest earning assets and the annualized interest expense on interest bearing liabilities, divided by (ii) average interest earning assets for the period.
(4)
Calculated by dividing total annualized interest on interest bearing liabilities by the sum of total interest bearing liabilities plus non-interest bearing deposits.
            




44

Average Balance Sheets, Yields and Rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate
Interest earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (1) (2)
$
5,273,859

$
126,618

4.83
%
 
$
4,943,547

$
120,727

4.92
%
Investment securities (2)
2,101,662

18,760

1.80

 
2,307,104

19,283

1.69

Interest bearing deposits in banks
433,323

1,127

0.52

 
457,475

660

0.29

Federal funds sold
1,590

5

0.63

 
2,176

7

0.65

Total interest earnings assets
7,810,434

146,510

3.77

 
7,710,302

140,677

3.68

Non-earning assets
755,849

 
 
 
747,788

 
 
Total assets
$
8,566,283

 
 
 
$
8,458,090

 
 
Interest bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits
$
2,140,520

$
1,072

0.10
%
 
$
2,087,815

$
1,030

0.10
%
Savings deposits
1,984,247

1,302

0.13

 
1,878,640

1,252

0.13

Time deposits
1,107,748

3,962

0.72

 
1,198,048

4,266

0.72

Repurchase agreements
473,736

182

0.08

 
464,083

107

0.05

Other borrowed funds
10

—

—

 
5

—

—

Long-term debt
28,513

900

6.35

 
40,589

1,052

5.23

Subordinated debentures held by subsidiary trusts
82,477

1,338

3.26

 
82,477

1,190

2.91

Total interest bearing liabilities
5,817,251

8,756

0.30

 
5,751,657

8,897

0.31

Non-interest bearing deposits
1,746,762

 
 
 
1,731,210

 
 
Other non-interest bearing liabilities
57,004

 
 
 
60,924

 
 
Stockholders’ equity
945,266

 
 
 
914,299

 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
8,566,283

 

 
 
$
8,458,090

 

 
Net FTE interest income
 
137,754

 
 
 
131,780

 
Less FTE adjustments (2)
 
(2,171
)
 
 
 
(2,167
)
 
Net interest income from consolidated statements of income
 
$
135,583

 

 
 
$
129,613

 

Interest rate spread
 
 
3.47
%
 
 
 
3.37
%
Net FTE interest margin (3)
 
 
3.55
%
 
 
 
3.45
%
Cost of funds, including non-interest bearing demand deposits (4)
 
 
0.23
%
 
 
 
0.24
%
    
(1)
Average loan balances include non-accrual loans. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees net of deferred loan costs, which is not material.
(2)
Interest income and average rates for tax exempt loans and securities are presented on an FTE basis.
(3)
Net FTE interest margin during the period equals (i) the difference between annualized interest income on interest earning assets and the annualized interest expense on interest bearing liabilities, divided by (ii) average interest earning assets for the period.
(4)
Calculated by dividing total annualized interest on interest bearing liabilities by the sum of total interest bearing liabilities plus non-interest bearing deposits.         
    
Our net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent, or FTE, basis increased $2.3 million, or 3.5%, to $68.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $66.4 million for the same period in 2015, and $6.0 million, or 4.5%, to $137.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $131.8 million for the same period in 2015. These increases were primarily attributable to loan growth combined with a shift in the mix of interest earning assets from lower yielding investment securities and interest bearing deposits in banks into higher yielding loans, which were partially offset by declining loan yields.
    

45

Also positively impacting our net interest income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, was interest accretion related to the fair valuation of acquired loans. Interest accretion related to the fair valuation of acquired loans was $1.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, of which $779 thousand was the result of early loan payoffs, and $3.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, of which $1.3 million was the result of early loan payoffs. This compares to $1.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2015, of which $470 thousand was the result of early loan payoffs, and $2.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, of which $821 thousand was the result of early loan payoffs. The impact of interest accretion related to the fair value of acquired loans was partially offset by reductions in recovered charged-off interest. Charged-off interest recoveries were $133 thousand and $397 thousand during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $735 thousand and $1.6 million during the same respective periods in 2015.
            
Our net interest margin ratio increased 8 basis points to 3.55% for the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to 3.47% for the same period in 2015, and 10 basis points to 3.55% for the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to 3.45% during the same period in 2015. Increases in net FTE interest margin ratio during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to the same periods in 2015, were primarily due to increases in average outstanding loans, higher yields earned on interest-bearing deposits in bank and investment securities and a slight reduction in funding costs. Exclusive of the fair value accretion resulting from the early payoff of acquired loans and recoveries of previously charged-off interest, our net interest margin ratio was 3.51% during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to 3.40% for the same period in 2015, and 3.50% during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to 3.39% during the same period in 2015.
    
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from estimated changes in average asset and liability balances (volume) and estimated changes in average interest rates (rate). Changes which are not due solely to volume or rate have been allocated to these categories based on the respective percent changes in average volume and average rate as they compare to each other.    
Analysis of Interest Changes Due to Volume and Rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
compared with
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
compared with
Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Net
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Net
Interest earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (1)
$
4,024

 
$
(1,687
)
 
$
2,337

 
$
1,253

 
$
(1,376
)
 
$
(123
)
Investment securities (1)
(922
)
 
615

 
(307
)
 
(57
)
 
(32
)
 
(89
)
Interest bearing deposits in banks
(7
)
 
218

 
211

 
(190
)
 
27

 
(163
)
Federal funds sold
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
1

 
—

 
1

Total change
3,093

 
(854
)
 
2,239

 
1,007

 
(1,381
)
 
(374
)
Interest bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits
12

 
(22
)
 
(10
)
 
(4
)
 
(40
)
 
(44
)
Savings deposits
36

 
(8
)
 
28

 
(1
)
 
3

 
2

Time deposits
(138
)
 
(11
)
 
(149
)
 
(38
)
 
(40
)
 
(78
)
Repurchase agreements
3

 
36

 
39

 
(1
)
 
3

 
2

Other borrowed funds
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Long-term debt
(187
)
 
100

 
(87
)
 
(19
)
 
21

 
2

Subordinated debentures held by subsidiary trusts
—

 
75

 
75

 
—

 
12

 
12

Total change
(274
)
 
170

 
(104
)
 
(63
)
 
(41
)
 
(104
)
Increase in FTE net interest income
$
3,367

 
$
(1,024
)
 
$
2,343

 
$
1,070

 
$
(1,340
)
 
$
(270
)
                
(1)Interest income for tax exempt loans and securities are presented on an FTE basis.
        

46

Provision for Loan Losses. Fluctuations in the provision for loan losses reflect management's estimate of possible loan losses based upon evaluation of the borrowers' ability to repay, collateral value underlying loans, loan loss trends and estimated effects of current economic conditions on our loan portfolio. During the three months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded a provision for loan losses of $2.6 million, as compared to $1.3 million during the same period in 2015. The quarter-to-date increase in provisions for loan losses is reflective of loan growth, increases in specific reserves on commercial real estate loans primarily related to the hospitality sector and decreases in recoveries of previously charged-off loans. During second quarter 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, increases in specific reserves on commercial real estate loans were partially offset by reductions in general reserves allocated to commercial real estate and construction loans resulting from the second quarter 2016 adjustment of certain qualitative factors used in determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses utilizing post-crisis loss experience.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded a provision for loan losses of $6.6 million, as compared to $2.4 million during the same period in 2015. The year-to-date increase in provision for loan loss is reflective of loan growth, increases in general and specific reserves related to energy sector loans, increases in specific reserves on commercial real estate loans primarily in the hospitality sector and decreases in recoveries of previously charged-off loans. For information regarding our non-performing loans, see “Non-Performing Assets” included herein. For information regarding our allowance for losses and the second quarter 2016 adjustment of certain qualitative factors, see "Financial Condition - Allowance for Loan Losses" included herein.
                        
Non-interest Income. Our principal sources of non-interest income primarily include fee-based revenues such as payment services, mortgage banking and wealth management revenues, service charges on deposit accounts and other service charges, commissions and fees. Non-interest income increased $5.2 million, or 16.5%, to $37.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $31.8 million for the same period in 2015, and $5.4 million, or 9.0%, to $65.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $59.7 million during the same period in 2015. Quarter-to-date and year-to-date increases in non-interest income were largely the result of a $3.8 million non-recurring recovery related to settlement of prior year litigation recorded during second quarter 2016. Significant components of the remaining increases are discussed below.
                
Payment services revenues consist of interchange fees paid by merchants for processing electronic payment transactions and ATM service fees. Payment services revenues increased $211 thousand, or 2.5%, to $8.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $8.4 million for the same period in 2015, and $830 thousand, or 5.3%, to $16.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $15.8 million during the same period in 2015, primarily due to additional interchange income resulting from higher credit card transaction volumes.
    
Service charges on deposit accounts increased $573 thousand, or 14.1%, to $4.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $4.1 million during the same period in 2015, and $1.1 million, or 13.7%, to $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $8.0 million during the same period in 2015. The increases were primarily due to increases in overdraft charges on consumer accounts. Management attributes this increase to a focused effort on educating depositors on the benefits of overdraft protection for one-time debit and ATM card transactions. As of June 30, 2016, approximately 8% of our depositors have opted for overdraft protection.

Mortgage banking revenue increased $607 thousand, or 6.9%, to $9.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $8.8 million during the same period in 2015, and $842 thousand, or 5.7%, to $15.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $14.7 million during the same period in 2015. Effective January 1, 2016, we elected to carry our loans held for sale at fair value. This fair value election resulted in mortgage banking revenues of $795 thousand and $1.7 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. In addition, despite general declines in mortgage rates, we increased our margin on loan sales by approximately 40 basis points during second quarter 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015. Increases in mortgage banking revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 were partially offset by lower mortgage loan production. During the first half of 2016, our mortgage loan production declined approximately 17%, as compared to the same period in 2015, with loans originated for home purchases accounting for approximately 64% of production, as compared to approximately 62% during the same period in 2015. Also offsetting increases in mortgage banking revenues was a $410 thousand gain on the sale of $10.6 million of seasoned portfolio loans that was recorded during second quarter 2015.

Other income includes company-owned life insurance revenues, check printing income, agency stock dividends and gains on sales of miscellaneous assets. Other income decreased $335 thousand, or 12.0%, to $2.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $2.8 million during the same period in 2015, and $1.3 million, or 21.5%, to $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $6.1 million during the same period in 2015. Second quarter 2015 other income included an $863 thousand gain on the sale of land and a $1.0 million expense reversal related to the settlement of claims assumed in a prior period acquisition.

47

    
Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased $924 thousand, or 1.5%, to $62.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $62.0 million for the same period in 2015, and $2.9 million, or 2.4%, to $124.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $121.7 million in the same period in 2015. Significant components of these increases are discussed below.
        
Salaries and wages expense increased $614 thousand, or 2.4%, to $26.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $26.1 million during the same period in 2015, primarily due to one-time separation payments and increases in incentive compensation accruals reflective of the Company's performance against predetermined goals, exclusive of non-recurring items. Salaries and wages expense decreased $53 thousand, or less than 1.0%, to $51.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $51.4 million during the same period in 2015. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, one-time separation and special bonus expenses and inflationary increases in salary expense were more than offset by lower incentive compensation expense.
    
Employee benefits expense remained stable at $8.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and increased $1.7 million, or 10.6%, to $17.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $16.0 million during the same period in 2015. Year-to-date increases were primarily due to increases in payroll taxes, group health insurance and profit sharing expenses.

Furniture and equipment expense decreased $1.2 million or 33.6%, to $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $3.7 million during the same period in 2015, and $2.8 million, or 37.1%, to $4.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $7.5 million during the same period in 2015. Effective January 1, 2016, we began capturing certain software costs separately from equipment costs, resulting in decreases in furniture and equipment expense and corresponding increases in outsourced technology expenses of approximately $1.4 million and $2.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively, as compared to the same respective periods in 2015.
    
Outsourced technology services expense increased $2.2 million or 85.1%, to $4.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $2.6 million during the same period in 2015, and $4.6 million, or 90.5%, to $9.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $5.1 million during the same period in 2015. Approximately $1.4 million of the second quarter 2016 increase and $2.4 million of the year-to-date increase was the result of the classification of certain software costs as outsourced technology services expenses in the current year versus classification as furniture and equipment expense in the prior year. The remaining increase in outsourced technology services during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, were primarily the result of enhancements in technology systems and processes to improve scalability and support our future growth.

Net OREO expense increased $963 thousand, or 117.0%, to $140 thousand during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to net OREO income of $823 thousand during the same period in 2015, and $985 thousand, or 111.4%, to $101 thousand during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to net OREO income of $884 thousand in the same period in 2015. Increases in OREO expense were primarily due lower net gains recognized on the sale of OREO properties. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded net gains on the sale of OREO properties of $534 thousand and $636 thousand, respectively, as compared to net gains on the sale of OREO properties of $986 thousand and $1.7 million recorded during the same respective periods in 2015. Also contributing to quarter-to-date and year-to-date increases in net OREO expense were increases in write-downs of OREO properties.

Other expense decreased $1.0 million, or 7.4%, to $12.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $13.6 million during the same period in 2015, and $1.2 million, or 4.7%, to $24.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to $25.4 million for the same period in 2015. Quarter-to-date and year-to-date decreases in other expenses were partially the result of lower customer fraud losses. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded customer fraud losses of $271 thousand and $515 thousand, respectively, as compared to $719 thousand and $918 thousand during the respective periods in 2015. In addition, during second quarter 2015, we recorded a one-time contract termination fee of $876 thousand related to a change in payment service provider.

Income Tax Expense. Our effective federal income tax rate was 30.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 29.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2015. State income tax applies primarily to pretax earnings generated within Montana and South Dakota. Our effective state tax rate was 3.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 4.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Fluctuations in our effective income tax rates were primarily due to the timing of tax credits.    
 

48

Financial Condition
        
Total assets decreased $123 million, or 1.4%, to $8,605 million as of June 30, 2016, from $8,728 million as of December  31, 2015. Due to seasonal declines in deposits during the first six months of 2016, loan growth was funded through available funds resulting in decreases in cash and cash equivalents from December 31, 2015 to June 30, 2016. Significant fluctuations in balance sheet accounts are discussed below.
        
Loans. Total loans increased $167 million, or 3.2%, to $5,413 million as of June 30, 2016, as compared to $5,246 million December 31, 2015, with the most notable growth occurring in commercial, commercial real estate, commercial construction and indirect consumer loans.
    
Commercial loans are typically made to small and medium-sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail and service businesses for working capital needs and business expansions. Commercial loans generally include lines of credit, business credit cards and loans with maturities of five years or less. The loans are generally made with business operations as the primary source of repayment, but also include collateralization by inventory, accounts receivable, equipment and/or personal guarantees. Commercial loans increased $33 million, or 4.1%, to $825 million as of June 30, 2016, from $792 million as of December 31, 2015. Management attributes organic growth in commercial loans to continuing business expansion in certain of our market areas during 2016.
    
Commercial real estate loans include loans for property and improvements used commercially by the borrower or for lease to others for the production of goods or services. Over 50% of our commercial real estate loans were owner occupied as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Commercial real estate loans increased $24 million, or 1.3%, to $1,817 million as of June 30, 2016, from $1,793 million as of December 31, 2015. Management attributes this growth to continued business expansion in within our market areas, particularly in the Billings, Rapid City, Gallatin Valley and Sheridan markets.
    
Construction loans are primarily to commercial builders for residential lot development and the construction of single-family residences and commercial real estate properties. Construction loans are generally underwritten pursuant to pre-approved permanent financing. Construction loans increased $20 million, or 4.5%, to $450 million as of June 30, 2016, from $431 million as of December 31, 2015, due to organic growth in commercial construction loans. Commercial construction loans increased $23 million, or 24.0%, to $118 million as of June 30, 2016, from $95 million as of December 31, 2015. Management attributes this growth to continuing increased housing demand and business expansion in the Company's market areas.
    
Our consumer loans include direct personal loans; credit card loans and lines of credit; and, indirect loans created when we purchase consumer loan contracts advanced for the purchase of automobiles, boats and other consumer goods from the consumer product dealer network within the market areas we serve. Personal loans and indirect dealer loans are generally secured by automobiles, recreational vehicles, boats and other types of personal property and are made on an installment basis. Consumer loans increased $63 million, or 7.4%, to $907 million as of June 30, 2016, from $844 million as of December 31, 2015, due to organic growth in indirect consumer loans. Indirect consumer loans increased $65 million, or 10.5%, to $688 million as of June 30, 2016, from $623 million as of December 31, 2015, due to the continued expansion of our indirect lending program within our existing market areas and increases in the average loan amounts advanced.
    
Non-performing Assets. Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, loans contractually past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest and OREO. The following table sets forth information regarding non-performing assets as of the dates indicated.    
Nonperforming Assets and Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
June 30,
2016
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30,
2015
Non-performing loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accrual loans
$
74,311

 
$
63,837

 
$
66,385

 
$
66,359

 
$
70,848

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
4,454

 
4,362

 
5,602

 
3,357

 
2,153

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total non-performing loans
78,765

 
68,199

 
71,987

 
69,716

 
73,001

OREO
7,908

 
9,257

 
6,254

 
8,031

 
11,773

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total non-performing assets
$
86,673

 
$
77,456

 
$
78,241

 
$
77,747

 
$
84,774

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Troubled debt restructurings not included above
$
16,408

 
$
12,070

 
$
15,419

 
$
16,702

 
$
15,127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-performing loans to total loans
1.46
%
 
1.30
%
 
1.37
%
 
1.35
%
 
1.43
%
Non-performing assets to total loans and OREO
1.60
%
 
1.47
%
 
1.49
%
 
1.50
%
 
1.66
%
Non-performing assets to total assets
1.01
%
 
0.89
%
 
0.90
%
 
0.90
%
 
1.01
%

49

    
Non-performing loans. Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and loans contractually past due 90 days or more. We monitor and evaluate collateral values on non-performing loans quarterly. Appraisals are required on all non-performing loans every 18-24 months, or sooner as conditions necessitate. We update valuations on collateral underlying oil and gas credits based on recent market-based oil price forecasts provided by an independent third party. We also monitor real estate values by market for our larger market areas. Based on trends in real estate values, adjustments may be made to the appraised value based on time elapsed between the appraisal date and the impairment analysis or a new appraisal may be ordered. Appraised values in our smaller market areas may be adjusted based on trends identified through discussions with local realtors and appraisers. Appraisals are also adjusted for selling costs. The collateral valuation is then compared to the loan balance and any resulting shortfall is recorded in the allowance for loan losses as a specific valuation allowance. Provisions for loan losses are impacted by changes in the specific valuation allowances and historical or general valuation elements of the allowance for loan losses.     

The following table sets forth the allocation of our non-performing loans among our various loan categories as of the dates indicated.
Non-Performing Loans by Loan Type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
June 30,
2016
 
Percent
of Total
 
December 31,
2015
 
Percent
of Total
Real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
29,636

 
37.6
%
 
$
24,189

 
33.6
%
Construction:
 
 
.
 
 
 
 
Land acquisition and development
5,930

 
7.6
%
 
7,956

 
11.1
%
Commercial
272

 
0.3
%
 
955

 
1.3
%
Residential
1,668

 
2.1
%
 
293

 
0.4
%
Total construction
7,870

 
10.0
%
 
9,204

 
12.8
%
Residential
4,835

 
6.1
%
 
7,305

 
10.1
%
Agricultural
5,575

 
7.1
%
 
5,355

 
7.4
%
Total real estate
47,916

 
60.8
%
 
46,053

 
63.9
%
Consumer
1,821

 
2.3
%
 
1,918

 
2.7
%
Commercial
27,876

 
35.4
%
 
23,012

 
32.0
%
Agricultural
841

 
1.1
%
 
690

 
1.0
%
Other
311

 
0.4
%
 
314

 
0.4
%
Total non-performing loans
$
78,765

 
100.0
%
 
$
71,987

 
100.0
%
        
Non-accrual loans. We generally place loans, excluding acquired credit impaired loans, on non-accrual when they become 90 days past due, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed from income. If all loans on non-accrual had been current in accordance with their original terms, gross income of approximately $1.7 million and $1.6 million would have been accrued for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Non-accrual loans, the largest component of non-performing assets, increased $8 million, to $74 million as of June 30, 2016, from $66 million as of December 31, 2015, primarily due to the loans of four commercial real estate borrowers in the hospitality sector that were placed on non-accrual status during second quarter 2016.
            
OREO. OREO consists of real property acquired through foreclosure on the collateral underlying defaulted loans. We initially record OREO at fair value less estimated selling costs. Any excess of loan carrying value over the fair value of the real estate acquired is recorded as a charge against the allowance for loan losses. Estimated losses that result from the ongoing periodic valuation of these properties are charged to earnings in the period in which they are identified. The fair values of OREO properties are estimated using appraisals and management estimates of current market conditions. OREO properties are appraised every 18-24 months unless deterioration in local market conditions indicates the need to obtain new appraisals sooner. OREO properties are evaluated by management quarterly to determine if additional write-downs are appropriate or necessary based on current market conditions. Quarterly evaluations include a review of the most recent appraisal of the property and reviews of recent appraisals and comparable sales data for similar properties in the same or adjacent market areas. Commercial and agricultural OREO properties are listed with unrelated third party professional real estate agents or brokers local to the areas where the marketed properties are located. Residential properties are typically listed with local realtors, after any redemption period has expired. We rely on these local real estate agents and/or brokers to list the properties on the local multiple listing system, to provide marketing materials and advertisements for the properties and to conduct open houses.        
        

50

OREO increased $2 million, or 26.4%, to $8 million as of June 30, 2016, from $6 million as of December 31, 2015, primarily due to foreclosure on one residential real estate property and one land development property during first quarter 2016. As of June 30, 2016, the composition of OREO properties was 41% residential real estate, 32% land and land development and 27% commercial.
                    
Allowance for Loan Losses. The Company performs a quarterly assessment of the adequacy of its allowance for loan losses in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The methodology used to assess the adequacy is consistently applied to the Company's loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on our evaluation of known and inherent risk in our loan portfolio at each balance sheet date. In determining the allowance for loan losses, we estimate losses on specific loans, or groups of loans, where the probable loss can be identified and reasonably determined. The balance of the allowance for loan losses is based on internally assigned risk classifications of loans, historical loan loss rates, changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, current economic factors and the estimated impact of current economic conditions on certain historical loan loss rates. See the discussion under “Critical Accounting Estimates and Significant Accounting Policies — Allowance for Loan Losses."

The allowance for loan losses is increased by provisions charged against earnings and net recoveries of charged-off loans and is reduced by negative provisions credited to earnings and net loan charge-offs. The allowance for loan losses consists of three elements:
        
(1)
Specific valuation allowances associated with impaired loans. Specific valuation allowances are determined based on assessment of the fair value of the collateral underlying the loans as determined through independent appraisals, the present value of future cash flows, observable market prices and any relevant qualitative or environmental factors impacting the loan. No specific valuation allowances are recorded for impaired loans that are adequately secured.
        
(2)
Historical valuation allowances based on loan loss experience for similar loans with similar characteristics and trends. Historical valuation allowances are determined by applying percentage loss factors to the credit exposures from outstanding loans. For commercial, agricultural and real estate loans, loss factors are applied based on the internal risk classifications of these loans. For consumer loans, loss factors are applied on a portfolio basis. For commercial, agriculture and real estate loans, loss factor percentages are based on a migration analysis of our historical loss experience, designed to account for credit deterioration. For consumer loans, loss factor percentages are based on a one-year loss history.
        
(3)
General valuation allowances determined based on changes in the nature of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, industry concentrations, delinquency trends, general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to us.

Based on the assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management records provisions for loan losses to maintain the allowance for loan losses at appropriate levels.

The Company's allowance for loan losses increased to $80 million, or 1.48% of period end loans, as of June 30, 2016, as compared to $77 million, or 1.46% of period end loans, as of December 31, 2015. During second quarter 2016, management performed an in-depth review of the qualitative factors used in determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses utilizing post-crisis loss experience. This review resulted in the adjustment of certain qualitative factors. The adjustment of qualitative factors combined with the management's assessment of losses on specific loans with identified weaknesses did not result in a material impact to the overall level of our allowance for loan losses.

During third quarter 2015, we added a general economic qualitative loss factor to our allowance for loan loss calculation to estimate the potential impact of economic stresses on loans in our markets which are heavily impacted by energy prices. As of June 30, 2016, our direct exposure to the energy sector was approximately $66 million in outstanding loans, including approximately $48 million related to drilling and extraction activity and approximately $18 million advanced to service companies. We also had commitments to lend an additional $26 million to energy borrowers. Reserves allocated to energy loans as a percentage of total energy loans totaled 11.3% as of June 30, 2016, compared to 7.8% as of December 31, 2015. The increase in reserves allocated to energy loans was primarily due to specific valuation allowances related to the loans of two energy borrowers and an increase in the general economic loss factor applied to all loans in markets heavily impacted by energy prices.
    

51

Loans acquired in business combinations are recorded at fair value with no allowance for loan losses on the date of acquisition. Subsequent to the acquisition date, an allowance for loan loss is recorded for the emergence of new probable and estimable losses on loans acquired without evidence of credit impairment. Loans acquired with evidence of credit impairment are regularly monitored and to the extent that the performance has deteriorated from management's expectations at the date of acquisition, an allowance for loan losses is established. As of June 30, 2016, management determined that an allowance for loan losses related to acquired loans of $387 thousand was required under generally accepted accounting principles.
            
Loans, or portions thereof, are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely, or, with respect to consumer installment loans, according to an established delinquency schedule. Generally, loans are charged-off when (1) there has been no material principal reduction within the previous 90 days and there is no pending sale of collateral or other assets, (2) there is no significant or pending event which will result in principal reduction within the upcoming 90 days, (3) it is clear that we will not be able to collect all or a portion of the loan, (4) payments on the loan are sporadic, will result in an excessive amortization or are not consistent with the collateral held or (5) foreclosure or repossession actions are pending. Loan charge-offs do not directly correspond with the receipt of independent appraisals or the use of observable market data if the collateral value is determined to be sufficient to repay the principal balance of the loan.
    
If the impaired loan is adequately collateralized, a specific valuation allowance is not recorded. As such, significant changes in impaired and non-performing loans do not necessarily correspond proportionally with changes in the specific valuation component of the allowance for loan losses. Additionally, management expects the timing of charge-offs will vary between quarters and will not necessarily correspond proportionally to changes in the allowance for loan losses or changes in non-performing or impaired loans due to timing differences among the initial identification of an impaired loan, recording of a specific valuation allowance for the impaired loan and any resulting charge-off of uncollectible principal.
    
The following table sets forth information regarding our allowance for loan losses as of and for the periods indicated.
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended
 
June 30
 
March 31
 
December 31
 
September 30,
 
June 30,
 
2016
 
2016
 
2015
 
2015
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
79,924

 
$
76,817

 
$
74,256

 
$
76,552

 
$
75,336

Provision charged to operating expense
2,550

 
4,000

 
3,289

 
1,098

 
1,340

Charge offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
257

 
694

 
50

 
120

 
47

Construction
26

 
625

 
305

 
2,028

 
—

Residential
240

 
601

 
91

 
71

 
510

Agricultural
—

 
2

 
614

 
—

 
53

Consumer
1,712

 
1,892

 
2,008

 
1,537

 
837

Commercial
1,018

 
488

 
432

 
791

 
61

Agricultural
188

 
—

 
221

 
—

 
—

Total charge-offs
3,441

 
4,302

 
3,721

 
4,547

 
1,508

Recoveries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
45

 
309

 
639

 
387

 
293

Construction
51

 
1,441

 
538

 
—

 
49

Residential
93

 
51

 
153

 
—

 
80

Agricultural
21

 
558

 
—

 
—

 
3

Consumer
649

 
775

 
736

 
653

 
520

Commercial
448

 
275

 
927

 
113

 
438

Agricultural
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Total recoveries
1,307

 
3,409

 
2,993

 
1,153

 
1,384

Net charge-offs
2,134

 
893

 
728

 
3,394

 
124

Balance at end of period
$
80,340

 
$
79,924

 
$
76,817

 
$
74,256

 
$
76,552

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period end loans
$
5,413,242

 
$
5,244,458

 
$
5,246,196

 
$
5,244,458

 
$
5,103,946

Average loans
5,324,812

 
5,222,905

 
5,194,970

 
5,222,905

 
4,991,416

Net loans charged-off to average loans, annualized
0.16
%
 
0.07
%
 
0.06
%
 
0.26
%
 
0.01
%
Allowance to period end loans
1.48
%
 
1.52
%
 
1.46
%
 
1.43
%
 
1.50
%
    

52

Although we have established our allowance for loan losses in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and we believe that our allowance for loan losses is adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times, future provisions will be subject to on-going evaluations of the risks in the loan portfolio. If the economy declines or asset quality deteriorates, material additional provisions could be required.

Investment Securities. We manage our investment portfolio to obtain the highest yield possible, while meeting our risk tolerance and liquidity guidelines and satisfying the pledging requirements for deposits of state and political subdivisions and securities sold under repurchase agreements. Investment securities increased $4 million, or less than 1.0%, to $2,062 million, or 24.0% of total assets, as of June 30, 2016, from $2,058 million, or 23.6% of total assets, as of December 31, 2015. As of June 30, 2016, the estimated duration of our investment portfolio was 2.3 years, as compared to 2.8 years as of December 31, 2015.
    
We evaluate our investment portfolio quarterly for other-than-temporary declines in the market value of individual investment securities. This evaluation includes monitoring credit ratings; market, industry and corporate news; volatility in market prices; and, determining whether the market value of a security has been below its cost for an extended period of time. As of June 30, 2016, we had investment securities with fair values aggregating $52 million that had been in a continuous loss position more than twelve months. Gross unrealized losses on these securities of $3.2 million as of June 30, 2016 were attributable to changes in interest rates. No impairment losses were recorded during the three or six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $304 million, or 39.0%, to $476 million as of June 30, 2016, from $780 million as of December 31, 2015. During the first six months of 2016, loan growth and stock repurchases were funded through available funds resulting in decreases in cash and cash equivalents from December 31, 2015 to June 30, 2016. Remaining decreases in cash and cash equivalents are reflective of seasonal declines in deposits, which occurred during the normal course of business and are not reflective of changes in business plan or strategy.    
Goodwill. Goodwill decreased $42 thousand to $204 million as of June 30, 2016, from $205 million as of December 31, 2015. During first quarter 2016, we finalized the fair valuation of deferred tax assets acquired in the Absarokee Bancorporation, Inc. acquisition resulting in a $42 thousand decrease in recorded goodwill.
Other Assets. Other assets increased $15 million, or 18.8%, to $93 million as of June 30, 2016, from $78 million as of December 31, 2015, primarily due to increases in derivative assets associated with interest rate swaps and interest rate lock commitments to mortgage borrowers and the accrual of a litigation recovery.
Deposits. Our deposits consist of non-interest bearing and interest bearing demand, savings, individual retirement and time deposit accounts. Total deposits decreased $107 million, or 1.5%, to $6,981 million as of June 30, 2016, from $7,089 million as of December 31, 2015. Historically, we have experienced a decrease in total deposits during the first six months of each year.

The following table summarizes our deposits as of the dates indicated.
Deposits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
June 30,
2016
 
Percent
of Total
 
December 31,
2015
 
Percent
of Total
Non-interest bearing demand
$
1,783,609

 
25.5
%
 
$
1,823,716

 
25.7
%
Interest bearing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand
2,107,950

 
30.2

 
2,178,373

 
30.7

Savings
2,003,343

 
28.7

 
1,955,256

 
27.6

Time, $100 and over
479,077

 
6.9

 
487,372

 
6.9

Time, other (1)
607,469

 
8.7

 
644,220

 
9.1

Total interest bearing
5,197,839

 
74.5

 
5,265,221

 
74.3

Total deposits
$
6,981,448

 
100.0
%
 
$
7,088,937

 
100.0
%
    
(1)
Included in Time, other are Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service, or CDAR, deposits of $30 million as of June 30, 2016 and $38 million as of December 31, 2015.


53

Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements. In addition to deposits, repurchase agreements with commercial depositors, which include municipalities, provide an additional source of funds. Under repurchase agreements, deposit balances are invested in short-term U.S. government agency securities overnight and are then repurchased the following day. All outstanding repurchase agreements are due in one day. Repurchase agreement balances decreased $44 million, or 8.7%, to $466 million as of June 30, 2016, from $511 million as of December 31, 2015. Fluctuations in repurchase agreement balances correspond with fluctuations in the liquidity of our customers.

Deferred Tax Liability. Our net deferred tax liability increased $7 million, or 70.7%, to $17 million as of June 30, 2016, from $10 million as of December 31, 2015, primarily due to increases in deferred tax liabilities related to unrealized gains on available-for sale investment securities.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses. Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased $7 million, or 12.5%, to $60 million as of June 30, 2016, from $53 million as of December 31, 2015. Increases in derivative liabilities associated with interest rate swaps and mortgage banking forward loan sale commitments were partially offset by decreases resulting from fluctuations in the timing and amounts of corporate income tax payments.

Capital Resources and Liquidity Management
    
Stockholders’ equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends, sales and redemptions of common stock and changes in the unrealized holding gains or losses, net of taxes, on available-for-sale investment securities. Stockholders’ equity increased $15 million, or 1.5%, to $965 million as of June 30, 2016, from $950 million as of December 31, 2015, primarily due to the retention of earnings and increases in unrealized holding gains, net of taxes, on available-for-sale investment securities, which were partially offset by the redemption and retirement of Class A common shares. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we repurchased and retired 975,877 shares of our Class A common stock in open market transactions at an aggregate purchase price of $26 million. The repurchases were made pursuant to a stock repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors. For additional information regarding the repurchase, see “Note 8 – Capital Stock” in the accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this report.

On July 21, 2016, we declared a quarterly dividend to common stockholders of $0.22 per share payable on August 12, 2016 to to shareholders of record as of August 1, 2016. This dividend equates to a 3.2% annual yield based on the $27.97 average closing price of the Company's common stock during second quarter 2016.
        
On July 2, 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Bank issued a final rule implementing a revised regulatory capital framework for U.S. banks in accordance with the Basel III international accord, or Basel III. Under Basel II, certain deductions and adjustments to regulatory capital began phasing in starting January 1, 2015 and will be fully implemented on January 1, 2018. The capital conservation buffer phases in beginning January 1, 2016 and will be fully implemented on January 1, 2019. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had capital levels that, in all cases, exceeded the well-capitalized guidelines. For additional information regarding our capital levels, see "Note 10 – Regulatory Capital” in the accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this report.

Liquidity. Liquidity measures our ability to meet current and future cash flow needs on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost. We manage our liquidity position to meet the daily cash flow needs of customers, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of our shareholders. Our liquidity position is supported by management of liquid assets and liabilities and access to alternative sources of funds. Liquid assets include cash, interest bearing deposits in banks, federal funds sold, available-for-sale investment securities and maturing or prepaying balances in our held-to-maturity investment and loan portfolios. Liquid liabilities include core deposits, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and borrowings. Other sources of liquidity include the sale of loans, the ability to acquire additional national market funds through non-core deposits, the issuance of additional collateralized borrowings such as FHLB advances, the issuance of debt securities, additional borrowings through the Federal Reserve’s discount window and the issuance of preferred or common securities.
Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are primarily to fund on-going operations, including payment of interest on deposits and debt, extensions of credit to borrowers, capital expenditures and shareholder dividends. These liquidity requirements are met primarily through cash flow from operations, redeployment of prepaying and maturing balances in our loan and investment portfolios, debt financing and increases in customer deposits. For additional information regarding our operating, investing and financing cash flows, see the unaudited “Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows,” included in Part I, Item 1.

54

As a holding company, we are a corporation separate and apart from the Bank and, therefore, we provide for our own liquidity. Our main sources of funding include management fees and dividends declared and paid by the Bank and access to capital markets. There are statutory, regulatory and debt covenant limitations that affect the ability of our subsidiary bank to pay dividends to us. Management believes that such limitations will not impact our ability to meet our ongoing short-term cash obligations.
Management continuously monitors our liquidity position and adjustments are made to the balance between sources and uses of funds as deemed appropriate. Our management is not aware of any events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, capital resources or operations. In addition, our management is not aware of any regulatory recommendations regarding liquidity, which if implemented, would have a material adverse effect on us.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
    
See “Note 15 – Recent Authoritative Accounting Guidance” in the accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this report for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our financial statements.    

Item 3.
    
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK
    
As of June 30, 2016, there have been no material changes in the quantitative and qualitative information about market risk provided pursuant to Item 305 of Regulation S-K as presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Item 4.
        
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
        
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
    
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. As of June 30, 2016, an evaluation was performed, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2016, were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods required by the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
    
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
    
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, such control.
    
Limitations on Controls and Procedures
    
The effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the soundness of our systems, the possibility of human error, and the risk of fraud. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and the risk that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate over time. Because of these limitations, any system of disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting may not be successful in preventing all errors or fraud or in making all material information known in a timely manner to the appropriate levels of management.    

55

    
PART II.
        
OTHER INFORMATION
    
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
There have been no material changes in legal proceedings as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
    
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
    
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended June 30, 2016.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of us or any "affiliated purchasers" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act), of our common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2016. 

 
 
 
 
 
Total Number of
 
Maximum Number
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares Purchased
 
of Shares That
 
 
Total Number
 
Average
 
as Part of Publicly
 
May Yet Be
 
 
of Shares
 
Price Paid
 
Announced Plans
 
Purchased Under the
Period
 
Purchased
 
Per Share
 
or Programs
 
Plans or Programs
April 2016
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
51,758

May 2016
 
5,680

 
26.52

 
5,680

 
46,078

June 2016
 
21,955

 
26.52

 
21,955

 
24,123

Total
 
27,635

 
$
26.15

 
27,635

 
24,123


Item 3.
Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.

Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

Item 5.
Other Information
Not applicable or required.

Item 6.    Exhibits
Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
 
 
2.1
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and Mountain West Financial Corp dated February 10, 2014 (incorporated herein reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company's Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4, No. 333-194050, dated April 2, 2014)
 
 
 
3.1
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation dated March 5, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on March 10, 2010)
 
 
 
3.2
 
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws dated January 27, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.8 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2011)
 
 
 
10.1
 
Credit Agreement Re: Subordinated Term Note dated as of January 10, 2008, between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and First Midwest Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2008)
 
 
 
10.2
 
Lease Agreement between Billings 401 Joint Venture and First Interstate Bank Montana dated September 20, 1985 and addendum thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 033-84540, filed on September 29, 1994)
 
 
 


56

Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
 
 
10.3†
 
First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan restated effective January 1, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016)
 
 
 
10.4†
 
2001 Stock Option Plan, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.12 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, No. 333-106495, filed on June 25, 2003)
 
 
 
10.5†
 
Second Amendment to 2001 Stock Option Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010)
 
 
 
10.6†
 
First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 2006 Equity Compensation Plan, amended and restated as of November 21, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, No. 333-193543, filed January 24, 2014 )
 
 
 
10.7†
 
First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 2015 Equity and Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, filed on April 2, 2015)
 
 
 
10.8†
 
Form of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 2015 Equity and Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Agreement (Time) for Certain Executive Officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015)
 
 
 
10.9†
 
Form of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 2015 Equity and Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Agreement (Performance) for Certain Executive and Other Officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015)
 
 
 
10.10†
 
Form of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 2006 Equity Compensation Plan Restricted Stock Agreement (Performance) for Certain Executive and Other Officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2013)
 
 
 
10.11†
 
Executive Employment Agreement between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and Kevin P. Riley dated September 23, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015)
 
 
 
10.12
 
Trademark License Agreements between Wells Fargo & Company and First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed on April 22, 1997)
 
 
 
31.1*
 
Certification of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
31.2*
 
Certification of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
32*
 
Certification of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 101**
 
Interactive data file
 
 
 
                
†
Management contract or compensatory arrangement.
*
Filed herewith.
**
As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information is furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

57


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
August 5, 2016
 
 
/S/  KEVIN P. RILEY        
 
 
 
 
Kevin P. Riley
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
August 5, 2016
 
 
/S/  MARCY D. MUTCH
 
 
 
 
Marcy D. Mutch
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

58

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