Infinera Corp - FORM 10-Q - November 4, 2015

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
Form 10-Q
 
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 26, 2015
OR
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number: 001-33486
Infinera Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
77-0560433
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
140 Caspian Court
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(408) 572-5200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer  x
 
Accelerated filer  o
  
 
Non-accelerated filer  o
 
Smaller reporting company  o
 
 
 
  
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x
As of October 29, 2015, 139,806,921 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, were issued and outstanding.


INFINERA CORPORATION
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE FISCAL QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 26, 2015
INDEX
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 
 


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 

Item 1.
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
INFINERA CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par values)
(Unaudited)
 
September 26,
2015
 
December 27,
2014
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
161,103

 
$
86,495

Short-term investments
126,218

 
239,628

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $630 in 2015 and $38 in 2014
141,586

 
154,596

Inventory
169,875

 
146,500

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
31,780

 
24,636

Total current assets
630,562

 
651,855

Property, plant and equipment, net
98,720

 
81,566

Intangible assets
162,082

 
—

Goodwill
190,119

 
—

Long-term investments
51,422

 
59,233

Cost-method investment
14,500

 
14,500

Long-term restricted cash
5,319

 
5,460

Other non-current assets
6,867

 
5,402

Total assets
$
1,159,591

 
$
818,016

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
69,983

 
$
61,533

Accrued expenses
35,704

 
26,441

Accrued compensation and related benefits
40,586

 
38,795

Accrued warranty
17,802

 
12,241

Deferred revenue
31,411

 
35,321

Total current liabilities
195,486

 
174,331

Long-term debt, net
123,222

 
116,894

Accrued warranty, non-current
18,939

 
14,799

Deferred revenue, non-current
15,368

 
10,758

Deferred tax liability, non-current
39,374

 
2,132

Other long-term liabilities
14,287

 
17,195

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value
   Authorized shares – 25,000 and no shares issued and outstanding
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.001 par value
Authorized shares – 500,000 as of September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014
 
 
 
Issued and outstanding shares – 139,785 as of September 26, 2015 and 126,160 as of December 27, 2014
140

 
126

Additional paid-in capital
1,289,087

 
1,077,225

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
360

 
(4,618
)
Accumulated deficit
(552,044
)
 
(590,826
)
Total Infinera stockholders’ equity
737,543

 
481,907

Noncontrolling interest
15,372

 
—

Total stockholders' equity
752,915

 
481,907

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,159,591

 
$
818,016

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

INFINERA CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26,
2015
 
September 27,
2014
 
September 26,
2015
 
September 27,
2014
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
202,365

 
$
147,178

 
$
542,190

 
$
413,784

Services
30,107

 
26,381

 
84,490

 
67,989

Total revenue
232,472

 
173,559

 
626,680

 
481,773

Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of product
117,154

 
86,703

 
306,151

 
251,047

Cost of services
12,513

 
11,554

 
32,816

 
26,765

Total cost of revenue
129,667

 
98,257

 
338,967

 
277,812

Gross profit
102,805

 
75,302

 
287,713

 
203,961

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
45,466

 
35,051

 
128,144

 
96,135

Sales and marketing
24,721

 
20,794

 
67,298

 
56,738

General and administrative
18,358

 
11,977

 
46,324

 
36,612

Total operating expenses
88,545

 
67,822

 
241,766

 
189,485

Income from operations
14,260

 
7,480

 
45,947

 
14,476

Other income (expense), net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
406

 
373

 
1,371

 
1,046

Interest expense
(3,014
)
 
(2,781
)
 
(8,851
)
 
(8,186
)
Other gain (loss), net
(3,293
)
 
(24
)
 
1,788

 
(1,017
)
Total other income (expense), net
(5,901
)
 
(2,432
)
 
(5,692
)
 
(8,157
)
Income before income taxes
8,359

 
5,048

 
40,255

 
6,319

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
(151
)
 
205

 
1,473

 
1,070

Net income
$
8,510

 
$
4,843

 
$
38,782

 
$
5,249

Net income per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.06

 
$
0.04

 
$
0.30

 
$ 0.04
Diluted
$
0.06

 
$
0.04

 
$
0.27

 
$ 0.04
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
134,834

 
124,378

 
131,007

 
122,953

Diluted
145,300

 
128,964

 
141,082

 
127,062

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

INFINERA CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26,
2015
 
September 27,
2014
 
September 26,
2015
 
September 27,
2014
Net income
$
8,510

 
$
4,843

 
$
38,782

 
$
5,249

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments
90

 
(90
)
 
279

 
(27
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
4,729

 
(473
)
 
4,699

 
(142
)
Tax related to available-for-sale investment
—

 
20

 
—

 
—

Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income
4,819

 
(543
)
 
4,978

 
(169
)
Comprehensive income
$
13,329

 
$
4,300

 
$
43,760

 
$
5,080

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

INFINERA CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26,
2015
 
September 27,
2014
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
38,782

 
$
5,249

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
22,094

 
19,340

Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
6,873

 
6,217

Amortization of premium on investments
2,405

 
2,720

Stock-based compensation expense
23,868

 
20,847

Other (gain) loss
(448
)
 
15

Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
28,838

 
(35,463
)
Inventory
(8,901
)
 
(9,015
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(6,058
)
 
(4,965
)
Accounts payable
(2,339
)
 
11,009

Accrued liabilities and other expenses
(7,196
)
 
657

Deferred revenue
700

 
(4,272
)
Accrued warranty
8,742

 
4,898

Net cash provided by operating activities
107,360

 
17,237

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Purchase of available-for-sale investments
(126,940
)
 
(214,272
)
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investments
67,303

 
17,876

Proceeds from maturities and calls of investments
178,717

 
168,137

Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
(144,445
)
 
—

Realized gain from forward contract for business acquisition
1,053

 
—

Purchase of cost-method investment
—

 
(5,500
)
Purchase of property and equipment
(26,710
)
 
(14,364
)
Change in restricted cash
127

 
(320
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(50,895
)
 
(48,443
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
23,433

 
19,683

Minimum tax withholding paid on behalf of employees for net share settlement
(5,043
)
 
(1,846
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
18,390

 
17,837

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
(247
)
 
(97
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
74,608

 
(13,466
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
86,495

 
124,330

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
161,103

 
$
110,864

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds
$
2,552

 
$
1,056

Cash paid for interest
$
1,317

 
$
1,313

Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
Transfer of inventory to fixed assets
$
5,861

 
$
1,838

Common stock issued in connection with acquisition
$
169,507

 
$
—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

INFINERA CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Infinera Corporation (the "Company") prepared its interim condensed consolidated financial statements that accompany these notes in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), consistent in all material respects with those applied in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014.
The Company has made certain estimates, assumptions and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments made by management include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, inventory valuation, accrued warranty, fair value measurement of investments and accounting for income taxes. Other estimates, assumptions and judgments made by management include allowances for sales returns, allowances for doubtful accounts, useful life of property, plant and equipment, fair value measurement of the liability component of the Company's $150.0 million of 1.75% convertible senior notes (the "Notes"), other-than-temporary impairments and derivative instruments. Management believes that the estimates and judgments upon which they rely are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements will be affected.
The interim financial information is unaudited, but reflects all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary to provide a fair presentation of results for the interim periods presented. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
During the third quarter of 2015, the Company completed its public offer to the shareholders of Transmode AB (“Transmode”), acquiring 95.8% of the outstanding common shares and voting interest in Transmode. This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, and accordingly, the Company has consolidated the financial results of Transmode with its financial results for the period from August 20, 2015, the date the acquisition closed. The noncontrolling interest position is reported as a separate component of consolidated equity attributable to Transmode's shareholders for the periods presented. The noncontrolling interest in the Transmode entity's net loss was not significant to the consolidated results for the periods presented and therefore has been included in net income in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company reclassified certain amounts reported in previous periods to conform to the current presentation. This interim information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014.    
To date, a few of the Company’s customers have accounted for a significant portion of its revenue.  For the three months ended September 26, 2015, two customers individually accounted for 26% and 16% of the Company's total revenue, respectively, and for the corresponding period in 2014, one customer individually accounted for 25% of the Company's total revenue. For the nine months ended September 26, 2015, two customers individually accounted for 18%, and 15% of the Company's total revenue, respectively, and for the corresponding period in 2014, one customer individually accounted for 20% of the Company's total revenue.
Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies for the nine months ended September 26, 2015 as compared to those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014, except for the inclusion of policies related to business combinations, amortization of intangible assets, and impairment of intangible assets and goodwill.

7

Business Combinations
The Company includes the results of operations of the businesses that it acquires as of the respective dates of acquisition. The Company allocates the fair value of the purchase price of its acquisitions to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Additional information existing as of the acquisition date but unknown to the Company may become known during the remainder of the measurement period, not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date, which may result in changes to the amounts and allocations recorded.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. In-process research and development represents the fair value of incomplete research and development projects that have not reached technological feasibility as of the date of acquisition. Initially, these assets are not subject to amortization. Once projects have been completed they are transferred to developed technology, which are subject to amortization, while assets related to projects that have been abandoned are impaired and expensed to research and development.
Impairment of Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, in the fourth quarter of the Company's fiscal year, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company has elected to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its single reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of its single reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test will be performed. The first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of its single reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the second step will be performed; otherwise, no further step is required. The second step, measuring the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the goodwill with the carrying amount of the goodwill. Any excess of the goodwill carrying amount over the implied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. The Company evaluates events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of purchased intangible assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, the Company assesses the recoverability of these assets by determining whether or not the carrying amount will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset, the Company records an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
2.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-16, "Business Combinations and Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments" ("ASU 2015-16"), which eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. Instead, an acquirer will recognize a measurement-period adjustment during the period in which it determines the amount of the adjustment. The guidance is effective for the Company in its first quarter of fiscal 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2015-16 on its consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory" ("ASU 2015-11"), to simplify the guidance on the subsequent measurement of inventory, excluding inventory measured using last-in, first-out or the retail inventory method. Under ASU 2015-11, inventory should be at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The new accounting guidance is effective for the Company in its first quarter of fiscal 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2015-11 on its consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-03, "Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs" ("ASU 2015-03"), which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. ASU 2015-03 requires an entity to present such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. ASU 2015-03 will be effective for the Company in its first quarter of fiscal 2016. Early adoption is

8

permitted. Other than requiring the change in balance sheet presentation, the Company does not anticipate material impacts on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts from Customers" ("ASU 2014-09"). ASU 2014-09 provides a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. ASU 2014-09 will require an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This update creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of the contract(s), which include (i) identifying the contract(s) with the customer; (ii) identifying the separate performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determining the transaction price; (iv) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations; and (v) recognizing revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date of December 15, 2016 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company’s first quarter of 2018. The Company has the option to apply the provisions of ASU 2014-09 either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of applying this ASU recognized at the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the method and impact the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
3.
Fair Value Measurements
Pursuant to the accounting guidance for fair value measurements and its subsequent updates, fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
Valuation techniques used by the Company are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable or market inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about market participant assumptions based on the best information available. Observable inputs are the preferred source of values. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
Level 1
 
–
 
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
 
 
 
 
Level 2
 
–
 
Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
 
 
 
 
Level 3
 
–
 
Prices or valuations that require management inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
The Company measures its cash equivalents, foreign currency exchange forward contracts and marketable debt securities at fair value and classifies its investments in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s money market funds and U.S. treasuries are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.
The Company classifies its certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and foreign currency exchange forward contracts within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as follows:
Certificates of Deposit
The Company reviews market pricing and other observable market inputs for the same or similar securities obtained from a number of industry standard data providers. In the event that a transaction is observed for the same or similar security in the marketplace, the price on that transaction reflects the market price and fair value on that day. In the absence of any observable market transactions for a particular security, the fair market value at period end would be equal to the par value. These inputs represent quoted prices for similar assets or these inputs have been derived from observable market data.

9

Commercial Paper
The Company reviews market pricing and other observable market inputs for the same or similar securities obtained from a number of industry standard data providers. In the event that a transaction is observed for the same or similar security in the marketplace, the price on that transaction reflects the market price and fair value on that day and then follows a revised accretion schedule to determine the fair market value at period end. In the absence of any observable market transactions for a particular security, the fair market value at period end is derived by accreting from the last observable market price. These inputs represent quoted prices for similar assets or these inputs have been derived from observable market data accreted mathematically to par.
Corporate Bonds
The Company reviews trading activity and pricing for each of the corporate bond securities in its portfolio as of the measurement date and determines if pricing data of sufficient frequency and volume in an active market exists in order to support Level 1 classification of these securities. If sufficient quoted pricing for identical securities is not available, the Company obtains market pricing and other observable market inputs for similar securities from a number of industry standard data providers. In instances where multiple prices exist for similar securities, these prices are used as inputs into a distribution-curve to determine the fair market value at period end.
Foreign Currency Exchange Forward Contracts
As discussed in Note 5, "Derivative Instruments" to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company mainly holds non-speculative foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency exchange exposures. The Company estimates the fair values of derivatives based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, credit risk, foreign exchange rates, and forward and spot prices for currencies.
The following tables represent the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands): 
 
As of September 26, 2015
 
As of December 27, 2014
 
Fair Value Measured Using
 
Fair Value Measured Using
 
Level 1      
 
Level 2      
 
Level 3      
 
Total        
 
Level 1      
 
Level 2      
 
Level 3      
 
Total        
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
29,694

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
29,694

 
$
21,478

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
21,478

Certificates of deposit
—

 
7,305

 
—

 
7,305

 
—

 
8,060

 
—

 
8,060

Commercial paper
—

 
13,662

 
—

 
13,662

 
—

 
46,072

 
—

 
46,072

Corporate bonds
—

 
170,335

 
—

 
170,335

 
—

 
235,285

 
—

 
235,285

U.S. treasuries
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
14,810

 
—

 
—

 
14,810

Foreign currency exchange forward contracts
—

 
29

 
—

 
29

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total assets
$
29,694

 
$
191,331

 
$
—

 
$
221,025

 
$
36,288

 
$
289,417

 
$
—

 
$
325,705

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts
$
—

 
$
(74
)
 
$
—

 
$
(74
)
 
$
—

 
$
(64
)
 
$
—

 
$
(64
)
During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, there were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

10

Investments at fair value were as follows (in thousands): 
 
September 26, 2015
 
Adjusted Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value    
Money market funds
$
29,694

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
29,694

Certificates of deposit
7,300

 
5

 
—

 
7,305

Commercial paper
13,661

 
1

 
—

 
13,662

Corporate bonds
170,506

 
6

 
(177
)
 
170,335

Total available-for-sale investments
$
221,161

 
$
12

 
$
(177
)
 
$
220,996

 
 
December 27, 2014
 
Adjusted Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value    
Money market funds
$
21,478

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
21,478

Certificates of deposit
8,060

 
—

 
—

 
8,060

Commercial paper
46,073

 
—

 
(1
)
 
46,072

Corporate bonds
235,713

 
2

 
(430
)
 
235,285

U.S. treasuries
14,825

 
1

 
(16
)
 
14,810

Total available-for-sale investments
$
326,149

 
$
3

 
$
(447
)
 
$
325,705

As of September 26, 2015, the Company’s available-for-sale investments in certificates of deposit, commercial paper and corporate bonds have a contractual maturity term of up to 23 months. Gross realized gains and losses on short-term and long-term investments for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014 were insignificant in all periods. The specific identification method is used to account for gains and losses on available-for-sale investments.
As of September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, the Company held $117.7 million and $59.7 million of cash in banks, respectively, excluding restricted cash.
4.
Cost-method Investment
As of September 26, 2015, the Company had an investment of $14.5 million in a privately-held company. This investment is accounted for as a cost-method investment as the Company owns less than 20% of the voting securities and does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the entity. This investment is carried at historical cost in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company regularly evaluates the carrying value of this cost-method investment for impairment. If the Company believes that the carrying value of the cost basis investment is in excess of estimated fair value, the Company’s policy is to record an impairment charge in other income (expense), net, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations to adjust the carrying value to estimated fair value, when the impairment is deemed other-than-temporary. As of September 26, 2015, no event had occurred that would adversely affect the carrying value of this investment and thus no impairment charges have been recorded for this cost-method investment.
5.
Derivative Instruments
Foreign Currency Exchange Forward Contracts
The Company enters into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates that arise primarily from its euro and British pound denominated receivables and euro denominated restricted cash balance amounts that are pledged as collateral for certain stand-by and commercial letters of credit. Gains and losses on these contracts are intended to offset the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the underlying foreign currency denominated accounts receivables and restricted cash, and therefore, do not subject the Company to material balance sheet risk. These forward contracts entered into during the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 were denominated in euros and British pounds, and had maturities of no more than 1 year. The contracts are settled for U.S. dollars and Swedish kronor ("SEK") at maturity and at rates agreed to at inception of the contracts.

11

In April 2015, the Company entered into a foreign currency exchange forward contract with a notional amount of SEK 831 million ($95.3 million) to hedge currency exposures associated with the cash consideration of the offer to acquire Transmode. In July 2015, the Company entered into a series of additional foreign currency exchange option contracts to purchase up to an additional SEK 1.3 billion ($153.8 million) and to sell up to SEK 650 million ($76.9 million), which achieves the economic equivalent of a “participating forward” in order to hedge the anticipated foreign currency cash outflows associated with the additional cash consideration related to the enhanced offer to acquire the shares of Transmode. As these contracts are not formally designated as hedges, the gains and losses were recognized in the statement of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, the Company recorded a loss of $3.2 million and a realized gain of $1.6 million, respectively, which was included in other gain (loss), net, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
For the three months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014, the before-tax effect of the foreign currency exchange forward contracts related to the euro and British pound denominated receivables were gains of $0.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014, losses of $3.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively. In each of these periods, the impact of the gross gains and losses were offset by foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the underlying foreign currency denominated amounts. The Company did not designate foreign currency exchange forward contracts as hedges for accounting purposes and accordingly, changes in the fair value are recorded in other gain (loss), net, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. These contracts were with two high-quality institutions and the Company consistently monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties.
The fair value of derivative instruments in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows (in thousands):
 
As of September 26, 2015
 
As of December 27, 2014
 
Gross Notional(1)
 
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets
 
Other Accrued Liabilities
 
Gross Notional(1)  
 
Other Accrued Liabilities   
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related to euro denominated receivables
$
33,919

 
$
16

 
$
(74
)
 
$
34,445

 
$
(53
)
Related to British pound denominated receivables
7,340

 
10

 
—

 
2,678

 
(9
)
Related to restricted cash
258

 
3

 
—

 
1,236

 
(2
)
 
$
41,517

 
$
29

 
$
(74
)
 
$
38,359

 
$
(64
)
 
 
 
(1) 
Represents the face amounts of forward contracts that were outstanding as of the period noted.
6.Business Combination
On August 20, 2015 (the "Acquisition Date”), the Company completed its public offer to the shareholders of Transmode, acquiring 95.8% of the outstanding common shares and voting interest in Transmode. Transmode is a metro packet-optical networking company based in Stockholm, Sweden.
In August 2015, the Company initiated compulsory acquisition proceedings in accordance with Swedish law (the "Squeeze-out Proceedings") in order to acquire the remaining 4.2% or 1.2 million Transmode shares not tendered through the end of the offer period. As of the Acquisition Date, the fair value of the noncontrolling interest was approximately $15.4 million, which was based on the implied enterprise value of Transmode at the Acquisition Date. The Squeeze-out Proceedings are expected to be completed during 2016.
The Company has accounted for this transaction as a business combination in exchange for total consideration of approximately $350.6 million, which consisted of the following (in thousands, except shares):
Cash
$
181,133

Common stock (7,873,055 shares)
169,507

Total
$
350,640

The fair value of the 7.9 million shares of common stock issued was determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the acquisition date.

12

The Company expensed acquisition-related costs in the amount of $3.9 million and $6.7 million in operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, respectively.
The Company allocated the fair value of the purchase price of the acquisition to the tangible and intangible assets acquired as well as liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities was recorded as goodwill. The following table summarizes the Company’s allocation of the purchase consideration based on the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Acquisition Date (in thousands):
Cash
$
36,688

Accounts receivable
16,183

Inventory
19,886

Other assets
8,320

Intangible assets, net
161,845

Goodwill
187,220

Current liabilities
(24,320
)
Long-term liabilities
(39,810
)
Noncontrolling interest
(15,372
)
Total net assets
$
350,640

Long-term liabilities include $39.2 million of long-term deferred tax liabilities recorded in connection with the acquisition.
The following table presents details of the identified intangible assets acquired at the Acquisition Date (in thousands):
 
Fair Value
 
Estimated Useful Life (Years)
Trade name
$
234

 
0.5
Customer relationships
49,033

 
8
Developed technology
92,450

 
5
In-process technology
20,128

 
N/A
Total
$
161,845

 
 
Goodwill generated from this business combination is primarily attributable to the synergies from combining the operations of Transmode with that of the Company, which resulted in expanded selling opportunities of both metro and long-haul solutions. The goodwill recognized is not tax deductible for Swedish income tax purposes.
The amounts of revenue and net loss of Transmode included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations from the Acquisition Date to September 26, 2015 were $14.2 million and $4.0 million, respectively.
The following table presents the unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014, as though the companies were combined as of December 29, 2013 (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Revenue
$
250,811

 
$
201,406

 
$
716,783

 
$
582,978

Net income (loss)
$
13,872

 
$
(1,200
)
 
$
44,633

 
$
(24,388
)
The pro forma financial information for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014 has been calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and adjusting the results of Transmode to reflect the acquisition costs incurred and the additional amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to tangible and intangible assets had been applied on December 29,

13

2013, together with the consequential tax effects. The pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of the operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of the Company's fiscal year 2014.
7.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets and the related amortization expense of intangible assets may change due to the effects of foreign currency fluctuations as a result of acquiring an international business. Additional information existing as of the Acquisition Date but unknown to the Company may become known during the remainder of the measurement period, not to exceed 12 months from the Acquisition Date, which may result in changes to the amounts and allocations recorded.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired.
The following table presents details of the Company’s goodwill during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 (in thousands):
Balance as of December 27, 2014
$
—

Goodwill acquired, including translation adjustment
190,119

Accumulated impairment loss
—

Balance as of September 26, 2015
$
190,119

Intangible Assets
The following tables present details of the Company’s intangible assets as of September 26, 2015 (in thousands):
 
September 26, 2015
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets with finite lives:


 


 


Trade names
$
238

 
$
(48
)
 
$
190

Customer relationships
49,793

 
(633
)
 
49,160

Developed technology
93,881

 
(1,909
)
 
91,972

Other intangible assets
819

 
(499
)
 
320

Total intangible assets with finite lives
$
144,731

 
$
(3,089
)
 
$
141,642

In-process technology
20,440

 
—

 
20,440

Total intangible assets
$
165,171

 
$
(3,089
)
 
$
162,082

Other intangible assets in the above table relate an acquisition completed in a previous year. Amortization expense was $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015.
Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization expenses are recorded to the appropriate cost and expense categories.
The following table summarizes the Company’s estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives by type as of September 26, 2015 (in thousands):
 
Fiscal Years
 
Remainder of 2015
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
 
2019
 
2020 and Thereafter
Total future amortization expense
$
6,428

 
$
25,302

 
$
25,233

 
$
25,233

 
$
25,233

 
$
34,213


14

8.
Balance Sheet Details
The following table provides details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands):
 
September 26, 2015
 
December 27, 2014
Inventory:
 
 
 
Raw materials
$
24,234

 
$
15,169

Work in process
48,464

 
50,046

Finished goods (1)
97,177

 
81,285

Total inventory
$
169,875

 
$
146,500

Property, plant and equipment, net:
 
 
 
Computer hardware
$
10,632

 
$
8,785

Computer software(2)
20,200

 
17,684

Laboratory and manufacturing equipment
182,363

 
162,004

Furniture and fixtures
1,741

 
1,340

Leasehold improvements
38,505

 
37,825

Construction in progress
22,201

 
14,726

Subtotal
$
275,642

 
$
242,364

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(176,922
)
 
(160,798
)
Total property, plant and equipment, net
$
98,720

 
$
81,566

Accrued expenses:
 
 
 
Loss contingency related to non-cancelable purchase commitments
$
6,437

 
$
5,390

Professional and other consulting fees
4,446

 
1,831

Taxes payable
3,085

 
3,993

Royalties
3,716

 
2,648

Accrued rebate and customer prepay liability
1,973

 
941

Accrued interest on convertible senior notes
901

 
219

Other accrued expenses
15,146

 
11,419

Total accrued expenses
$
35,704

 
$
26,441

 
 
 
(1) 
Included in finished goods inventory at September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 were $8.0 million and $10.2 million, respectively, of inventory at customer locations for which product acceptance had not occurred.
(2) 
Included in computer software at September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 were $7.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively, related to an enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system that the Company implemented during 2012. The unamortized ERP costs at September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 were $4.3 million and $5.2 million, respectively.
Restricted Cash
The Company’s long-term restricted cash balance is primarily comprised of certificates of deposit and money market funds, of which the majority is not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. These amounts primarily collateralize the Company’s issuances of stand-by letters of credit.
The following table sets forth the Company's restricted cash (in thousands):
 
September 26, 2015
 
December 27, 2014
Restricted cash related to outstanding stand-by letters of credit
 
 
 
Value added tax license
$
1,372

 
$
1,309

Customer proposal guarantee
2,858

 
3,074

Property leases
699

 
699

Other restricted cash
390

 
378

Total restricted cash
$
5,319

 
$
5,460

    

15

9.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income. The following table sets forth the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the nine months ended September 26, 2015 (in thousands): 
 
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss)
on Other
Available-for-Sale
Securities
 
Foreign
Currency Translation     
 
     Accumulated     
Tax Effect
 
Total        
Balance at December 27, 2014
 
$
(444
)
 
$
(3,414
)
 
$
(760
)
 
$
(4,618
)
Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
279

 
4,699

 
—

 
4,978

Balance at September 26, 2015
 
$
(165
)
 
$
1,285

 
$
(760
)
 
$
360

10.
Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Common Share
Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed using net income and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options, assumed release of outstanding restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs"), assumed conversion of the Notes from the conversion spread (as discussed in Note 11, "Convertible Senior Notes"), and assumed issuance of common stock under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP") using the treasury stock method. The Company includes the common shares underlying PSUs in the calculation of diluted net income per share only when they become contingently issuable. In net loss periods, these potentially diluted common shares have been excluded from the diluted net loss calculation.
The following table sets forth the computation of net income per common share – basic and diluted (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
8,510

 
$
4,843

 
$
38,782

 
$
5,249

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
134,834

 
124,378

 
131,007

 
122,953

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee equity plans
5,397

 
4,586

 
5,911

 
4,109

Assumed conversion of convertible senior notes from conversion spread
5,069

 
—

 
4,164

 
—

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
145,300

 
128,964

 
141,082

 
127,062

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per common share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.06

 
$
0.04

 
$
0.30

 
$ 0.04
Diluted
$
0.06

 
$
0.04

 
$
0.27

 
$ 0.04

16

During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, the Company included the dilutive effects of the Notes in the calculation of diluted net income per common share as the average market price was above the conversion price of the Notes. The dilutive impact of the Notes was based on the difference between the Company's average stock price during the period and the conversion price of the Notes. In the three and nine months ended September 27, 2014, the Company excluded the potential shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the market price was below the conversion price. Upon conversion of the Notes, it is the Company’s intention to pay cash equal to the lesser of the aggregate principal amount or the conversion value of the Notes being converted, therefore, only the conversion spread relating to the Notes would be included in the Company’s diluted earnings per share calculation unless their effect is anti-dilutive.
The effects of certain potentially outstanding shares were not included in the calculation of diluted net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014 because their effect were anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method or the performance condition of the award had not been met.
The following sets forth the potentially dilutive shares excluded from the computation of the diluted net income per share because their effect was anti-dilutive (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Stock options
1

 
447

 
7

 
706

RSUs
26

 
68

 
535

 
250

PSUs
—

 
185

 
97

 
185

ESPP shares
484

 
801

 
300

 
921

Total
511

 
1,501

 
939

 
2,062

11.
Convertible Senior Notes
In May 2013, the Company issued $150.0 million of 1.75% convertible senior notes due June 1, 2018. The Notes will mature on June 1, 2018, unless earlier purchased by the Company or converted. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing December 1, 2013. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $144.5 million.
The Notes are governed by an indenture dated as of May 30, 2013 (the "Indenture"), between the Company, as issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, the incurrence of senior debt or other indebtedness, or the issuance or repurchase of securities by the Company.
Upon conversion, it is the Company’s intention to pay cash equal to the lesser of the aggregate principal amount or the conversion value of the Notes as cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, for any remaining conversion obligation. The initial conversion rate is 79.4834 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The initial conversion price is approximately $12.58 per share of common stock.
Throughout the term of the Notes, the conversion rate may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events, including for any cash dividends. Holders of the Notes will not receive any cash payment representing accrued and unpaid interest upon conversion of a Note. Accrued but unpaid interest will be deemed to be paid in full upon conversion rather than canceled, extinguished or forfeited. Holders may convert their Notes under the following circumstances:

•
during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ended on September 28, 2013 (and only during such fiscal quarter) if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

•
during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the

17

measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

•
upon the occurrence of specified corporate events described under the Indenture, such as a consolidation, merger or binding share exchange; or

•
at any time on or after December 1, 2017 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.
If the Company undergoes a fundamental change as defined in the Indenture governing the Notes, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), the Company may, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change.

The net carrying amounts of the debt obligation were as follows (in thousands):
 
September 26, 2015
 
December 27, 2014
Principal
$
150,000

 
$
150,000

Unamortized discount (1)
(26,778
)
 
(33,106
)
Total long-term debt, net
$
123,222

 
$
116,894

Unamortized issuance cost (1)
(2,304
)
 
(2,848
)
Net carrying amount
$
120,918

 
$
114,046

 
 
 
(1) 
Unamortized debt conversion discount and issuance costs will be amortized over the remaining life of the Notes, which is approximately three years.
In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, the Company separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount ("debt discount") is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. As of September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, the carrying amount of the equity component was $43.3 million, which represents the equity component of the debt discount related to the value of the conversion option of $45.0 million, net of the debt issuance costs attributable to the equity component of $1.7 million.
In accounting for the issuance costs of $5.5 million related to the Notes, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the Notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as other non-current assets and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. Additionally, the Company initially recorded a deferred tax liability of $17.0 million in connection with the issuance of the Notes, and a corresponding reduction in valuation allowance. The impact of both was recorded to stockholders’ equity.
The Company determined that the embedded conversion option in the Notes does not require separate accounting treatment as a derivative instrument because it is both indexed to the Company’s own stock and would be classified in stockholder’s equity if freestanding.

18

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes (in thousands): 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Contractual interest expense
$
656

 
$
656

 
$
1,969

 
$
1,969

Amortization of debt issuance costs
186

 
169

 
544

 
493

Amortization of debt discount
2,162

 
1,956

 
6,328

 
5,724

Total interest expense
$
3,004

 
$
2,781

 
$
8,841

 
$
8,186

The coupon rate was 1.75%. For the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014, the debt discount and debt issuance costs are amortized, using an annual effective interest rate of 10.23%, to interest expense over the term of the Notes.
As of September 26, 2015, the fair value of the Notes was $250.5 million. The fair value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on September 25, 2015. The Notes are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
During the three months ended September 26, 2015, the closing price of the Company's common stock exceeded 130% of the applicable conversion price of the Notes on at least 20 of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter; therefore, holders of the Notes may convert their notes during the three months ending December 26, 2015. Should the closing price conditions be met during the 30 consecutive trading days prior to the end of the fourth quarter of 2015 or a future quarter, the Notes will be convertible at their holders’ option during the immediately following quarter. Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $20.11 on September 25, 2015, the if-converted value of the Notes exceeded their principal amount by approximately $89.8 million.
12.
Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company leases facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. These leases have varying terms that range from one to ten years, predominantly no longer than ten years each and contain leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays and escalation clauses. In addition, some of these leases have renewal options for up to five years. The Company has contractual commitments to remove leasehold improvements and return certain properties to a specified condition when the leases terminate. At the inception of a lease with such conditions, the Company records an asset retirement obligation liability and a corresponding capital asset in an amount equal to the estimated fair value of the obligation. Asset retirement obligations were $2.8 million and $2.7 million as of September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, respectively. These obligations are classified as other long-term liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period factoring in leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays and escalation clauses. Rent expense for all leases was $2.3 million and $6.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and $1.8 million and $5.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2014. The Company did not have any sublease rental income for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014.
Future annual minimum operating lease payments at September 26, 2015 were as follows (in thousands): 
 
2015
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
 
2019
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Operating lease payments
$
2,492

 
$
10,628

 
$
10,277

 
$
9,783

 
$
8,871

 
$
10,857

 
$
52,908

 
Purchase Commitments
The Company has service agreements with its major production suppliers, where the Company is committed to purchase certain parts. These obligations are typically less than the Company’s purchase needs. As of September 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, these non-cancelable purchase commitments were $107.6 million and $128.3 million, respectively.

19

Future purchase commitments at September 26, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):
 
2015
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
 
2019
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Purchase commitments
$
103,834

 
$
3,750

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
107,584

The contractual obligation tables above exclude tax liabilities of $2.6 million related to uncertain tax positions because the Company is unable to determine the timing of settlement, if any, of these future payments with a reasonably reliable estimate.
Indemnification Obligations
From time to time, the Company enters into certain types of contracts that contingently require it to indemnify parties against third party claims. These contracts primarily relate to: (i) certain real estate leases under which the Company may be required to indemnify property owners for environmental and other liabilities, and other claims arising from the Company’s use of the applicable premises; (ii) certain agreements with the Company’s officers, directors and certain key employees, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such persons for liabilities; and (iii) certain provisions in the Company’s customer agreements that may require the Company to indemnify their customers and their affiliated parties against certain liabilities, including if the Company’s products infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights.
The terms of such indemnification obligations vary. Because the maximum obligated amounts under these agreements generally are not explicitly stated, the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is generally unlimited.
To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of the indemnification obligations and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
As permitted under Delaware law and the Company’s charter and bylaws, the Company has agreements whereby it indemnifies certain of its officers and each of its directors. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has a Director and Officer insurance policy that may reduce its exposure and enable it to recover all or a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of its insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal.

13.
Stockholders’ Equity
Stock-based Compensation Plans
The Company has stock-based compensation plans pursuant to which the Company has granted stock options, RSUs and PSUs. The Company also has an ESPP for all eligible employees. As of September 26, 2015, there were a total of 15.6 million shares of common stock available for grant under the Company’s 2007 Equity Incentive Plan ("2007 Plan"). The following tables summarize the Company’s equity award activity and related information (in thousands, except per share data): 
 
Number of Stock
Options
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise
Price
  Per Share  
 
  Aggregate  
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 27, 2014
4,298

 
$
7.29

 
$
32,833

Stock options granted
—

 
$
—

 
 
Stock options exercised
(1,518
)
 
$
7.36

 
$
18,013

Stock options canceled
—

 
$
—

 


Outstanding at September 26, 2015
2,780

 
$
7.25

 
$
35,768

Vested and expected to vest as of September 26, 2015
2,779

 
 
 
$
35,758

Exercisable at September 26, 2015
2,756

 
$
7.24

 
$
35,485

 

20

The aggregate intrinsic value of unexercised stock options is calculated as the difference between the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $20.11 at September 25, 2015 and the exercise prices of the underlying stock options. The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock options that have been exercised is calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the common stock at the date of exercise and the exercise price of the underlying stock options.
 
Number of
Restricted
Stock Units
 
Weighted-
Average
 Grant Date 
Fair Value
Per Share
 
  Aggregate  
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 27, 2014
6,042

 
$
8.14

 
$
90,085

RSUs granted
1,899

 
$
18.41

 


RSUs released
(2,883
)
 
$
7.78

 
$
50,734

RSUs canceled
(227
)
 
$
10.55

 


Outstanding at September 26, 2015
4,831

 
$
12.28

 
$
97,155

Expected to vest at September 26, 2015
4,608

 


 
$
92,675

 
 
Number of
Performance
Stock Units
 
Weighted-
Average
 Grant Date 
Fair Value
Per Share
 
  Aggregate  
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 27, 2014
876

 
$
7.49

 
$
13,067

PSUs granted
309

 
$
18.15

 

PSUs performance earned(1)
129

 
$
7.32

 
 
PSUs released
(413
)
 
$
7.00

 
$
7,231

PSUs canceled
(193
)
 
$
8.03

 

Outstanding at September 26, 2015
708

 
$
12.12

 
$
14,244

Expected to vest at September 26, 2015
686

 

 
$
13,794

 
 
 
(1) 
Represents the additional PSUs awarded resulting from the achievement of performance goals above the performance targets established at grant.
The aggregate intrinsic value of unreleased RSUs and unreleased PSUs is calculated using the closing price of the Company's common stock of $20.11 at September 25, 2015. The aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs and PSUs released is calculated using the fair market value of the common stock at the date of release.

The following table presents total stock-based compensation cost for instruments granted but not yet amortized, net of estimated forfeitures, of the Company’s equity compensation plans as of September 26, 2015. These costs are expected to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the following weighted-average periods (in thousands, except for weighted-average period):
 
Unrecognized
Compensation
Expense, Net
 
Weighted-
Average Period
(in years)
Stock options
$
83

 
1.5
RSUs
$
42,314

 
2.4
PSUs
$
4,720

 
1.3

21

Employee Stock Options
The estimated values of stock options, as well as assumptions used in calculating these values were based on estimates as follows (expense amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
Employee and Director Stock Options
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Volatility
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
52%
Risk-free interest rate
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
1.3%
Expected life
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
4.3 years
Estimated fair value
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
$3.85
Total stock-based compensation expense
$37
 
$108
 
$160
 
$623
_________________
N/A
Not applicable because the Company did not grant any stock options during the period.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The fair value of the ESPP shares was estimated at the date of grant using the following assumptions (expense amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Volatility
39%
 
46%
 
39% - 53%
 
46% - 51%
Risk-free interest rate
0.26%
 
0.06%
 
0.13% - 0.26%
 
0.02% - 0.11%
Expected life
0.5 years
 
0.5 years
 
0.5 years
 
0.3 - 0.5 years
Estimated fair value
$6.43
 
$2.54
 
$5.15 - $6.43
 
$2.05 - $2.57
Total stock-based compensation expense
$1,147
 
$1,092
 
$3,275
 
$2,726
Restricted Stock Units
During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, the Company granted RSUs to employees and members of the Company’s board of directors to receive an aggregate of 0.2 million shares and 1.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively. All RSUs awarded are subject to each individual's continued service to the Company through each applicable vesting date. The Company accounted for the fair value of the RSUs using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Amortization of stock-based compensation related to RSUs in the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014 was approximately $5.6 million and $16.7 million, respectively, and $5.6 million and $15.9 million, respectively.
Performance Stock Units
Pursuant to the 2007 Plan, the Company has granted PSUs to certain of the Company’s executive officers, senior management and employees. All PSUs awarded are subject to each individual's continued service to the Company through each applicable vesting date and if the performance metrics are not met within the time limits specified in the award agreements, the PSUs will be canceled.
A number of PSUs granted to the Company’s executive officers and senior management are based on the total shareholder return of the Company's common stock price as compared to the total shareholder return of a designated index over the span of one year, two years and three years. The number of shares to be issued upon vesting of these PSUs range from 0 to 1.5 times the target number of PSUs granted depending on the Company’s performance against the index.

22

The ranges of estimated values of the PSUs granted that are compared to an index, as well as the assumptions used in calculating these values were based on estimates as follows:
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Index
 
SPGIIPTR
 
SPGIIPTR
 
NASDAQ Telecom Composite
Index volatility
 
18% - 19%
 
25%
 
23%
Infinera volatility
 
48%
 
49% - 50%
 
55%
Risk-free interest rate
 
0.97% - 1.10%
 
0.66% - 0.71%
 
0.42%
Correlation with index
 
0.52
 
0.60
 
0.56
Estimated fair value
 
$18.08 - $19.29
 
$6.59 - $7.60
 
$6.27 - $7.06
In addition, certain other PSUs granted to the Company’s executive officers, senior management and certain employees will only vest upon the achievement of specific financial or operational performance criteria.
The following table summarizes by grant year, the Company’s PSU activity for the nine months ended September 26, 2015 (in thousands):
 
 
Total Number of Performance Stock Units
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
Outstanding at December 27, 2014
 
876

 
191

 
296

 
389

 
—

PSUs granted
 
309

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
309

PSUs performance earned(1)
 
129

 
—

 
74

 
55

 
—

PSUs released
 
(413
)
 
—

 
(223
)
 
(184
)
 
(6
)
PSUs canceled
 
(193
)
 
(191
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
Outstanding at September 26, 2015
 
708

 
—

 
147

 
260

 
301

 
 
 
(1) 
Represents the additional PSUs awarded resulting from the achievement of performance goals above the performance targets established at grant.
Amortization of stock-based compensation related to PSUs in the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 and September 27, 2014 was approximately $1.6 million and $3.8 million, respectively, and $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The following tables summarize the effects of stock-based compensation on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations for the periods presented (in thousands):
 
September 26, 2015
 
December 27, 2014
Stock-based compensation effects in inventory
$
3,202

 
$
3,088

Stock-based compensation effects in deferred inventory cost
$
13

 
$
13

Stock-based compensation effects in fixed assets
$
100

 
$
119


23

 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Stock-based compensation effects included in net income before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue
$
645

 
$
492

 
$
1,740

 
$
1,421

Research and development
2,788

 
2,270

 
8,183

 
6,488

Sales and marketing
2,131

 
1,982

 
5,922

 
5,517

General and administration
1,911

 
1,628

 
5,406

 
4,707

 
$
7,475

 
$
6,372

 
$
21,251

 
$
18,133

Cost of revenue – amortization from balance sheet (1)
976

 
999

 
2,617

 
2,714

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
8,451

 
$
7,371

 
$
23,868

 
$
20,847

 
 
 
(1) 
Stock-based compensation expense deferred to inventory and deferred inventory costs in prior periods and recognized in the current period.

14.
Income Taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 was $(0.2) million and $1.5 million, respectively, on pre-tax income of $8.4 million and $40.3 million, respectively. This compares to a tax provision of $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, on a pre-tax income of $5.0 million and $6.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2014. The results for the three months and nine months ended September 26, 2015 reflect purchase accounting amortization and other charges related to the acquisition of Transmode during the quarter. The amortization resulted in a decrease in pre-tax income on a consolidated basis of $6.4 million with a corresponding benefit to the tax provision of $1.4 million.
In all periods, the tax expense projected in the Company's effective tax rate primarily represents foreign taxes of the Company's overseas subsidiaries compensated on a cost-plus basis, as well as the operating results of Transmode, inclusive of purchase accounting charges and amortization for the three months ended September 26, 2015. Due to the Company's significant U.S. loss carryforward position and corresponding full valuation allowance, the Company has not been subject to federal or state tax on its U.S. income because of the availability of loss carryforwards, with the exception of some state taxes for which the losses are limited by statute. The release of transfer pricing reserves in the future will have a beneficial impact to tax expense, but the timing of the impact depends on factors such as expiration of the statute of limitations or settlements with tax authorities. No significant releases are expected in the near future based on information available at this time.
The Company must assess the likelihood that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income within the respective jurisdictions, and to the extent the Company believes that recovery does not meet the “more-likely-than-not” standard, it must establish a valuation allowance. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management judgment is required in determining the Company's provision for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets.
The Company has been profitable for six consecutive quarters beginning with the second quarter of fiscal 2014. Despite this trend, the Company must consider other positive and negative evidence, including the Company's forecasts of taxable income over the applicable carryforward periods, its current financial performance, its market environment, and other factors in evaluating the need for a full or partial valuation allowance against its net U.S. deferred tax assets. Management believes that it was more likely than not, that the Company would be unable to utilize those deferred tax assets in the future. Accordingly, the domestic net deferred tax assets were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. To the extent that the Company determines that deferred tax assets are realizable on a more likely than not basis, and adjustment is needed, that adjustment will be recorded in the period that the determination is made and would generally decrease the valuation allowance and result in recording a corresponding benefit to earnings.

24

15.
Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"). The Company’s CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue by geographic region for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company has one business activity. Accordingly, the Company is considered to be in a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.
Revenue by geographic region is based on the shipping address of the customer. The following tables set forth revenue and long-lived assets by geographic region (in thousands):
Revenue 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Americas:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
158,845

 
$
120,769

 
$
440,610

 
$
367,802

Other Americas
20,874

 
9,230

 
39,944

 
17,526

 
179,719

 
129,999

 
480,554

 
385,328

Europe, Middle East and Africa
41,655

 
34,131

 
114,163

 
78,978

Asia Pacific and Japan
11,098

 
9,429

 
31,963

 
17,467

Total revenue
$
232,472

 
$
173,559

 
$
626,680

 
$
481,773


Property, plant and equipment, net 
 
September 26, 2015
 
December 27, 2014
United States
$
91,052

 
$
79,025

Other Americas
135

 
196

Europe, Middle East and Africa
5,485

 
1,477

Asia Pacific and Japan
2,048

 
868

Total property, plant and equipment, net
$
98,720

 
$
81,566

16.
Guarantees
Product Warranties
The Company warrants that its products will operate substantially in conformity with product specifications. Hardware warranties provide the purchaser with protection in the event that the product does not perform to product specifications. During the warranty period, the purchaser’s sole and exclusive remedy in the event of such defect or failure to perform is limited to the correction of the defect or failure by repair, refurbishment or replacement, at the Company’s sole option and expense. The Company's hardware warranty periods range from one to five years from date of acceptance for hardware and the Company's software warranty is 90 days. Upon delivery of the Company's products, the Company provides for the estimated cost to repair or replace products that may be returned under warranty. The hardware warranty accrual is based on actual historical returns and cost of repair experience and the application of those historical rates to the Company's in-warranty installed base. The provision for warranty claims fluctuates depending upon the installed base of products and the failure rates and costs of repair associated with these products under warranty. Furthermore, the Company's costs of repair vary based on repair volume and its ability to repair, rather than replace, defective units. In the event that actual product failure rates and costs to repair differ from the Company's estimates, revisions to the warranty provision are required. In addition, from time to time, specific hardware warranty accruals may be made if unforeseen technical problems arise with specific products. The Company regularly assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

25

Activity related to product warranty was as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
Beginning balance
$
28,439

 
$
27,948

 
$
27,040

 
$
22,908

Charges to operations
10,791

 
5,820

 
22,158

 
18,181

Utilization
(3,515
)
 
(2,312
)
 
(8,336
)
 
(7,924
)
Change in estimate(1)
1,026

 
(3,650
)
 
(4,121
)
 
(5,359
)
Balance at the end of the period
$
36,741

 
$
27,806

 
$
36,741

 
$
27,806

 
 
 
(1) 
The Company records hardware warranty liabilities based on the latest quality and cost information available as of that date. The changes in estimate shown here are due to changes in overall actual failure rates, the mix of new versus used units related to replacement of failed units, and changes in the estimated cost of repair. As the Company's products mature over time, failure rates and repair costs generally decline leading to favorable changes in warranty reserves.
17.
Litigation and Contingencies
Legal Matters
From time to time, the Company is subject to various legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, the Company does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Cambrian Science Patent Infringement Litigation
On July 12, 2011, the Company was notified by Level 3 that Cambrian Science Corporation ("Cambrian") filed suit against Level 3 and six other defendants, including Cox Communications, Inc., XO Communications, LLC, Global Crossing Limited, 360Networks (USA), Inc., Integra Telecom, Inc. and IXC, Inc. dba Telekenex (collectively, the "Defendants") in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging infringement of patent no. 6,775,312 (the "'312 Patent") and requesting damages for such alleged infringement (the "Cambrian Claim"). The nature of the Cambrian Claim involves allegations of infringement of the '312 Patent resulting from the Defendants’ use of certain products and systems in the Defendants’ networks, including the Infinera DTN platform. On August 24, 2011, Cambrian amended the complaint to name the Company as a defendant. The Company assumed the defense of the Cambrian Claim and filed an answer to Cambrian’s complaint on September 21, 2011, in which the Company denied infringement of the '312 Patent and raised other defenses. Cambrian filed a second amended complaint on October 6, 2011, which included many of the same allegations as in the original complaint. The Company filed its answer to the second amended complaint on October 21, 2011, in which the Company maintained the same denials and defenses as in the Company’s initial answer. On December 23, 2011, the Company filed a motion requesting that the court stay the case with respect to each of the above-noted customer Defendants. Cambrian filed its opposition to the Company’s motion on December 30, 2011. The Company’s request was denied in the court’s decision on March 7, 2012. The Company presented evidence on the appropriate meanings of relevant key words used in the patent claims during a claim construction hearing on November 20, 2012.
On June 17, 2013, the court issued an order regarding claim construction, in which the court agreed with almost all of the Company’s proposed claim constructions. On October 17, 2013, the parties met for a court-mandated mediation. On April 24, 2014, the Company filed two motions for summary judgment relating to non-infringement and Cambrian’s claim to an earlier date of invention. The court held a hearing on the summary judgment motions on June 9, 2014. On July 2, 2014, the court granted the Company's motion for summary judgment on non-infringement and entered a final judgment of non-infringement of the '312 Patent.
On August 1, 2014, Cambrian filed a notice of appeal regarding the ruling of non-infringement to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“CAFC”), and Cambrian’s appeal brief was filed on November 6, 2014. The Company filed its responsive brief on January 5, 2015, arguing that the CAFC should affirm the lower court’s finding of non-infringement, and on February 2, 2015, Cambrian filed their reply brief. Oral argument of this appeal took place on May 5, 2015. On June 29, 2015, the CAFC affirmed the court’s claim construction and grant of summary judgment of non-infringement. The Company has not received notice of any further filings since the CAFC affirmation and believes the judgment of non-infringement to be final.

26

After the court had granted summary judgment in July 2014, the Company sought to recover certain costs and attorney's fees from Cambrian. The Court has taken the matter under submission and has yet to issue a final ruling on the amount of fees to be awarded to the Company.
Loss Contingencies
The Company is subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. These may relate to disputes, litigation and other legal actions. In the preparation of its quarterly and annual financial statements, the Company considers the likelihood of loss or the incurrence of a liability, including whether it is probable, reasonably possible or remote that a liability has been incurred, as well as the Company’s ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, an estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company regularly evaluates current information to determine whether any accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required. As of September 26, 2015, the Company has accrued the estimated liabilities associated with these potential loss contingencies.

27


Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include our expectations regarding earnings, revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, cash flows and other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations and personnel; factors that may affect our operating results; anticipated customer activity; statements concerning new products or services; statements related to our integration efforts in connection with our acquisition of Transmode and our ability to achieve significant synergies through the combination of the two companies; statements related to capital expenditures; statements related to future economic conditions, performance, market growth or our sales cycle, including the anticipated transition of major 100G deployments and opportunities in the metro market; statements related to our convertible senior notes; statements related to the effects of litigation on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows; statements related to the timing and impact of transfer pricing reserves; statements as to industry trends and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," or "will," and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled "Risk Factors" included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our other SEC filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014 filed on February 18, 2015. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
We provide optical transport networking equipment, software and services to Tier 1 and Tier 2 telecommunications service providers, Internet content providers ("ICPs"), cable providers, wholesale and enterprise carriers, research and education institutions, and government entities (collectively, "Service Providers") across the globe. Optical transport networks are deployed by Service Providers facing significant demands for transmission capacity prompted by increased use of high-speed Internet access, mobile broadband, high-definition video streaming services, business Ethernet services and cloud-based services.
Our technologies and platforms enable Service Providers to deliver vast amounts of bandwidth with greater ease. We leverage our unique large-scale photonic integrated circuits ("PICs") to deliver innovative optical networking solutions for the most demanding network environments. The Infinera Intelligent Transport Network is an architecture that enables Service Providers to automate, converge and scale their datacenter, metro, long-haul and subsea optical networks. This architectural approach helps Service Providers to rapidly deploy reliable, differentiated services while reducing their operating costs through scale, multi-layer convergence and automation.
We manufacture large-scale Indium Phosphide PICs, which are used as a key differentiating component inside our Intelligent Transport Network platforms. Our first and second generation PICs transmit and receive 100 Gigabits per second ("Gbps") of wavelength division multiplexing ("WDM") transmission capacity and incorporate the functionality of over 60 discrete optical functions into a pair of PICs approximately the size of a fingernail. Our third generation PICs, manufactured since 2012, transmit and receive 500 Gbps, incorporating over 600 discrete optical functions into a pair of PICs. Our PICs are combined with the FlexCoherent Processors to deliver coherent optical transmission and with high-performance Optical Transport Network ("OTN") switching capabilities to offer Service Providers a unique combination of highly-scalable transmission capacity and easy to use bandwidth management tools to simplify transport network operations.
The Infinera DTN-X platform supports 100 Gbps WDM transmission capacity with 500 Gbps super-channels and also integrates 5 Terabits per second of OTN switching in a single bay. The Infinera DTN-X platform leverages the unique capabilities of our 500 Gbps PICs to deliver high-capacity Intelligent Transport Networks that

28

reduce power, cooling and space requirements while simplifying transport network operations. The Infinera DTN platform currently supports 10 Gbps WDM transmission capacity combined with integrated switching capabilities.
In addition to Service Providers that are looking for network architectures to respond to continued demand for bandwidth across their long-haul and subsea networks, Service Providers are now starting to build networks to support datacenter interconnections across metro cloud and campus environments. Our recently introduced Cloud Xpress platform is optimized to help Service Providers build cloud networks with hyper-scale density, simplified operations and low power.
On August 20, 2015, we successfully completed our public offer to the shareholders of Transmode AB (“Transmode”), acquiring 95.8% of the outstanding common shares and voting interest in Transmode. Transmode is a metro packet-optical networking company based in Stockholm, Sweden. The combination of the two companies brings together a complementary set of customers, products, and technologies into one company. Transmode's strength in metro packet-optical applications complements our industry leading long-haul and metro datacenter interconnect solutions. The combination enables us to offer a comprehensive portfolio addressing the metro market with solutions optimized for fast growing applications including mobile fronthaul and backhaul, triple-play and cable broadband aggregation, and business Ethernet services with Metro Ethernet Forum certification. We expect to achieve significant synergies by leveraging Transmode’s services-rich metro platforms, broad European customer base, and profitable business in order to provide a unified end-to-end portfolio of world class optical transport products.
For more information on the acquisition, see Note 6, "Business Combination" to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We believe our strength in the long-haul optical transport market, our early traction in the metro datacenter interconnect market, our leadership in the metro packet-optical market, and our introduction of metro core solutions will allow us to address the entire end-to-end WDM market and to capitalize on the transition of major 100G metro product deployments expected by industry analysts to commence in 2016.
We intend to continue to leverage the Infinera DTN-X platform to increase revenue and expand our market share as customers continue to deploy 100 Gbps transport solutions in their networks. Our XT platform, the newest addition to the Infinera DTN-X product family, provides another tool for customers to meet their long-haul data center interconnect needs and also functions as a component in their traditional networks where only optical switching is required. In addition to the DTN-X platform for the long-haul market, we are also optimistic about opportunities in the metro market with the introduction of our Cloud Xpress platform for the metro datacenter interconnect in early 2015 and the introduction of a portfolio of metro products for metro access, metro aggregation and metro core market segments by the end of 2015. This focus on revenue growth will be complemented with prudent financial management and continued efforts to drive cost improvements across all of our products and services. We believe that with sustained revenue growth, we can leverage our vertically-integrated manufacturing model, which combined with selling bandwidth capacity into deployed networks, can result in improved future profitability and cash flow. We will continue to make significant investments in the business, and management currently believes that research and development expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expenses, will be approximately 20% of our total revenue. Furthermore, we plan to continue to tightly manage other operating expenses.
Our goal is to be the preeminent provider of optical transport networking systems to Service Providers around the world. In the remainder of 2015 and beyond, we intend to increase our footprint with new and existing customers by leveraging our long-haul and metro products. Our revenue growth will depend on the continued acceptance of our products, growth of communications traffic and the proliferation of next-generation bandwidth-intensive services, which are expected to drive the need for increased levels of bandwidth.
To date, a few of our customers have accounted for a significant portion of our revenue.  For the three months ended September 26, 2015, two customers individually accounted for 26% and 16% of our total revenue, respectively, and for the corresponding period in 2014, one customer individually accounted for 25% of our total revenue. For the nine months ended September 26, 2015, two customers individually accounted for 18%, and 15% of our total revenue, respectively, and for the corresponding period in 2014, one customer individually accounted for 20% of our total revenue. We do not have any long-term sales commitments with our customers.
We are headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with employees located throughout the Americas, Europe and the Asia Pacific region. We expect to continue to add personnel in the United States and internationally to develop our products and provide additional geographic sales and technical support coverage. We primarily sell our products through our direct sales force, with a small portion sold indirectly through resellers. We derived 93% and 94% of our revenue from direct sales to customers during the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015,

29

respectively, and 97% of our revenue for each of the three and nine months ended September 27, 2014, respectively. We expect to continue generating a substantial majority of our revenue from direct sales in the future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires a significant accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably could have been used, or if changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur could materially impact the financial statements. Management believes that there have been no significant changes during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014, except for the inclusion of policies related to business combinations, amortization of intangible assets, and impairment of intangible assets and goodwill.
Business Combinations
We include the results of operations of the businesses that we acquire as of the respective dates of acquisition. We allocate the fair value of the purchase price of our acquisitions to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Additional information existing as of the acquisition date but unknown to us may become known during the remainder of the measurement period, not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date, which may result in changes to the amounts and allocations recorded.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. In-process research and development represents the fair value of incomplete research and development projects that have not reached technological feasibility as of the date of acquisition. Initially, these assets are not subject to amortization. Once projects have been completed they are transferred to developed technology, which are subject to amortization, while assets related to projects that have been abandoned are impaired and expensed to research and development.
Impairment of Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. We have elected to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test will be performed. The first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of our single reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the second step will be performed; otherwise, no further step is required. The second step, measuring the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the goodwill with the carrying amount of the goodwill. Any excess of the goodwill carrying amount over the implied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. We evaluate events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of purchased intangible assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, we assess the recoverability of these assets by determining whether or not the carrying amount will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset, we record an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

30


Results of Operations
The following sets forth, for the periods presented, certain unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations information (in thousands, except percentages):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Change    
 
% Change 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
202,365

 
87
%
 
$
147,178

 
85
%
 
$
55,187

 
37
%
Services
30,107

 
13
%
 
26,381

 
15
%
 
3,726

 
14
%
Total revenue
$
232,472

 
100
%
 
$
173,559

 
100
%
 
$
58,913

 
34
%
Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
117,154

 
51
%
 
$
86,703

 
50
%
 
$
30,451

 
35
%
Services
12,513

 
5
%
 
11,554

 
7
%
 
959

 
8
%
Total cost of revenue
$
129,667

 
56
%
 
$
98,257

 
57
%
 
$
31,410

 
32
%
Gross profit
$
102,805

 
44
%
 
$
75,302

 
43
%
 
$
27,503

 
37
%
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Change    
 
% Change 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
542,190

 
87
%
 
$
413,784

 
86
%
 
$
128,406

 
31
%
Services
84,490

 
13
%
 
67,989

 
14
%
 
16,501

 
24
%
Total revenue
$
626,680

 
100
%
 
$
481,773

 
100
%
 
$
144,907

 
30
%
Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
306,151

 
49
%
 
$
251,047

 
52
%
 
$
55,104

 
22
%
Services
32,816

 
5
%
 
26,765

 
6
%
 
6,051

 
23
%
Total cost of revenue
$
338,967

 
54
%
 
$
277,812

 
58
%
 
$
61,155

 
22
%
Gross profit
$
287,713

 
46
%
 
$
203,961

 
42
%
 
$
83,752

 
41
%
Revenue
Total revenue increased by $58.9 million, or 34%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014 and increased $144.9 million, or 30%, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014.
Total product revenue increased by $55.2 million, or 37%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014. Total product revenue increased by $128.4 million, or 31%, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014. The increase in both the quarter and year-to-date periods of 2015 was primarily driven by continued momentum associated with the Infinera DTN-X platform through both new network builds and capacity adds to existing networks. Additionally, during the current year, we benefited from the inclusion of revenue from Transmode's metro products during the period since the acquisition and we have experienced significant growth in revenue associated with our Cloud Xpress platform.
Total services revenue increased by $3.7 million, or 14%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014. Total services revenue increased $16.5 million, or 24%, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014. The increase in both the quarter and year-to-date periods of 2015 was primarily due to higher on-going support services as we continued to grow our installed base. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015, we experienced higher levels of deployment services as customers built new networks utilizing our teams’ expertise. Our services revenue also benefited from the inclusion of Transmode's services for the period since the acquisition.

31


The following table summarizes our revenue by geography and sales channel for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
% of total revenue
 
Amount
 
% of total revenue
 
Change
 
% Change
Total revenue by geography:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
$
158,846

 
68
%
 
$
120,769

 
70
%
 
$
38,077

 
32
%
International
73,626

 
32
%
 
52,790

 
30
%
 
20,836

 
39
%
 
$
232,472

 
100
%
 
$
173,559

 
100
%
 
$
58,913

 
34
%
Total revenue by sales channel:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct
$
216,679

 
93
%
 
$
167,512

 
97
%
 
$
49,167

 
29
%
Indirect
15,793

 
7
%
 
6,047

 
3
%
 
9,746

 
161
%
 
$
232,472

 
100
%
 
$
173,559

 
100
%
 
$
58,913

 
34
%

 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
% of total revenue
 
Amount
 
% of total revenue
 
Change
 
% Change
Total revenue by geography:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
$
440,612

 
70
%
 
$
367,802

 
76
%
 
$
72,810

 
20
%
International
186,068

 
30
%
 
113,971

 
24
%
 
72,097

 
63
%
 
$
626,680

 
100
%
 
$
481,773

 
100
%
 
$
144,907

 
30
%
Total revenue by sales channel:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct
$
591,057

 
94
%
 
$
468,295

 
97
%
 
$
122,762

 
26
%
Indirect
35,623

 
6
%
 
13,478

 
3
%
 
22,145

 
164
%
 
$
626,680

 
100
%
 
$
481,773

 
100
%
 
$
144,907

 
30
%

Domestic revenue increased by $38.1 million, or 32%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014, primarily driven by customers in our wholesale and enterprise carrier verticals.
Domestic revenue increased by $72.8 million, or 20%, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014, primarily driven by customers in our wholesale and enterprise carrier vertical, and to a lesser extent, customers in our ICP vertical.
International revenue increased by $20.8 million, or 39%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015 and increased by $72.1 million, or 63%, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding periods in 2014. The increase was led by the Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") region during the three months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014 primarily due to the inclusion of revenue from Transmode, which generates most of its revenue in this region, while for the nine month period, growth in the EMEA region was primarily driven by customers in our wholesale and enterprise carrier vertical, growth from the ICP vertical, as well as the inclusion of revenue from Transmode’s metro products across various verticals. Within the Asia Pacific and Japan region, we had strong growth in both the quarter and year-to-date periods of 2015 across multiple verticals. Within the Other Americas region, during the three and nine month periods of 2015, we experienced continued traction with large carriers based in the region as well as with several global carriers expanding their network builds in the region.
The acquisition of Transmode considerably broadens our application base with both existing customers as well as new customers, and enables us to offer an end-to-end portfolio addressing the long-haul, metro cloud and metro aggregation markets. We believe that the Infinera DTN-X platform is well positioned across our diverse customer base, as existing customers continue to build new networks and add capacity to existing networks and as we win new opportunities to deploy our products with new customers. We continue to see strong demand across multiple regions and customer verticals. We are also gaining strong momentum with our Cloud Xpress platform and

32

expect to continue this trend in the remainder of 2015. We currently expect overall revenue in the fourth quarter of 2015 to be higher on a sequential basis, primarily driven by the inclusion of a full quarter of Transmode revenue.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin
Gross margin increased to 44% during the three months ended September 26, 2015 from 43% in the corresponding period of 2014, and increased to 46% during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 from 42% in the corresponding period of 2014. Excluding the impact of purchase accounting adjustments, gross margin increases were primarily driven by financial leverage gained from our vertically integrated operating model. As volumes continue to grow, we are able to spread our fixed manufacturing costs over a much broader base of units. In addition, we continued to see an increased level of capacity adds to existing customer networks both in the form of line card additions and additional licenses under our Instant Bandwidth program. These capacity adds carry a higher gross margin profile.
We currently expect gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2015 will be down as compared to the third quarter of 2015, as our results will include a full quarter of amortization of intangible assets and purchase accounting adjustments from the Transmode acquisition.
Operating Expenses
The following tables summarize our operating expenses for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages): 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Change    
 
% Change  
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
$
45,466

 
20
%
 
$
35,051

 
20
%
 
$
10,415

 
30
%
Sales and marketing
24,721

 
11
%
 
20,794

 
12
%
 
3,927

 
19
%
General and administrative
18,358

 
8
%
 
11,977

 
7
%
 
6,381

 
53
%
Total operating expenses
$
88,545

 
39
%
 
$
67,822

 
39
%
 
$
20,723

 
31
%

 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Amount    
 
  % of total  
revenue
 
Change    
 
% Change  
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
$
128,144

 
20
%
 
$
96,135

 
20
%
 
$
32,009

 
33
%
Sales and marketing
67,298

 
11
%
 
56,738

 
12
%
 
10,560

 
19
%
General and administrative
46,324

 
7
%
 
36,612

 
8
%
 
9,712

 
27
%
Total operating expenses
$
241,766

 
38
%
 
$
189,485

 
40
%
 
$
52,281

 
28
%


33

Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased by $10.4 million, or 30%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015, and increased by $32.0 million, or 33 %, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding periods in 2014. During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, the increase was primarily due to increased personnel costs of $2.8 million and $12.0 million, respectively, due to incremental headcount to support our expanding product roadmap. In addition, we had increased spending on prototype and other engineering materials of $2.7 million and $9.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2014, as we are planning to introduce a new metro product as well as bring other new products to market. During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, we also incurred increased outside professional services of $1.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively, and higher discretionary spending of $0.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively, to support our growing business compared to the corresponding periods in 2014. The addition of the Transmode business increased research and development expenses by $2.7 million in the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $3.9 million, or 19%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015 and increased by $10.6 million, or 19 %, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding periods in 2014. The increase during the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 was primarily driven by higher personnel costs of $1.2 million and $5.3 million, respectively, due to incremental headcount to support the continued expansion of our business into new markets and customer verticals. In addition, the increase during the three months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014 was due to higher discretionary spending to support our growing business of $0.3 million. The increases during the three month period were offset by lower prototype and lab trial spending of $0.8 million and lower professional services of $0.3 million. In addition, the inclusion of the Transmode business during the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 increased sales and marketing expense by $3.5 million, which included $0.6 million of amortization of intangible assets.
The increase during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding period in 2014 was also due to higher discretionary spending to support our growing business of $1.7 million and higher lab trial spending of $1.3 million. These increases were partially offset by lower spending on prototype materials of $1.0 million and lower professional services spending of $0.4 million.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $6.4 million, or 53%, during the three months ended September 26, 2015, and increased by $9.7 million, or 27 %, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015, compared to the corresponding periods in 2014. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, the increases were primarily due to acquisition-related expenses related to the Transmode acquisition of $3.9 million and $6.7 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015, we incurred higher personnel-related costs of $0.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively, driven by incremental headcount. We also incurred higher discretionary spending of $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, to support our growing business. Finally, the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 included Transmode related expenses of $0.7 million.

34

Other Income (Expense), Net
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 26,
2015
 
September 27,
2014
 
Change
 
% Change
 
(In thousands)
Interest income
$
406

 
$
373

 
$
33

 
9
%
Interest expense
(3,014
)
 
(2,781
)
 
(233
)
 
8
%
Other gain (loss), net
(3,293
)
 
(24
)
 
(3,269
)
 
13,621
%
Total other income (expense), net
$
(5,901
)
 
$
(2,432
)
 
$
(3,469
)
 
143
%

 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26,
2015
 
September 27,
2014
 
Change
 
% Change
 
(In thousands)
Interest income
$
1,371

 
$
1,046

 
$
325

 
31
 %
Interest expense
(8,851
)
 
(8,186
)
 
(665
)
 
8
 %
Other gain (loss), net
1,788

 
(1,017
)
 
2,805

 
(276
)%
Total other income (expense), net
$
(5,692
)
 
$
(8,157
)
 
$
2,465

 
(30
)%
Interest income increased by an insignificant amount and $0.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding periods in 2014 reflecting a higher average investment balance due to cash generated from the business. Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 increased by $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, due to cash interest payments and increase of amortization of discount and issuance costs related to the $150.0 million of 1.75% convertible senior notes (the "Notes"). The $3.3 million increase in other gain (loss), net, during the three months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding periods in 2014 was due to a $3.7 million net loss associated with the cash portion of the offer to acquire Transmode and primarily from foreign currency forward contracts that we entered into to hedge currency exposures associated with the acquisition. This was partially offset by $0.4 million gain from other foreign exchange related transactions.
The $2.8 million increase in other gain (loss), net, during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to the corresponding periods in 2014 was primarily due to a $1.6 million net gain recognized from foreign currency forward contracts that we entered into to hedge currency exposures associated with the cash portion of the offer to acquire Transmode, partially offset by $0.5 million loss from the date forward contracts settled to the date the Transmode acquisition closed, plus a $0.7 million gain from other foreign exchange transactions, compared to the corresponding periods in 2014, which consisted of a $1.0 million loss from foreign exchange related transactions.
Income Tax Provision
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes during the three and nine months ended September 26, 2015 was $(0.2) million and $1.5 million on pre-tax income of $8.4 million and $40.3 million, respectively. This compares to a tax provision of $0.2 million and $1.1 million on a pre-tax income of $5.0 million and $6.3 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 27, 2014. The results for the three months and nine months ended September 26, 2015 reflect purchase accounting amortization and other charges related to the acquisition of Transmode during the quarter. The amortization resulted in a decrease in pre-tax income on a consolidated basis of $6.4 million with a corresponding benefit to the tax provision of $1.4 million.
In all periods, the tax expense projected in our effective tax rate primarily represents foreign taxes of our overseas subsidiaries compensated on a cost-plus basis, as well as the operating results of Transmode, inclusive of purchase accounting charges and amortization for the three months ended September 26, 2015. Due to our significant loss carryforward position and corresponding full valuation allowance, we have not been subject to federal or state tax on our U.S. income because of the availability of loss carryforwards, with the exception of some state taxes for which the losses are limited by statute. The release of transfer pricing reserves in the future will have a beneficial impact to tax expense, but the timing of the impact depends on factors such as expiration of the statute of limitations or settlements with tax authorities. No significant releases are expected in the near future based on information available at this time.

35

We must assess the likelihood that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income within the respective jurisdictions, and to the extent we believe that recovery does not meet the “more-likely-than-not” standard, we must establish a valuation allowance. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets.
We have been profitable for six consecutive quarters beginning with the second quarter of fiscal 2014. Despite this trend, we must consider other positive and negative evidence, including our forecasts of taxable income over the applicable carryforward periods, our current financial performance, our market environment, and other factors in evaluating the need for a full or partial valuation allowance against our net U.S. deferred tax assets. We believe that it was more likely than not, that we would be unable to utilize our deferred tax assets in the future. Accordingly, the domestic net deferred tax assets were fully reserved with a valuation allowance. To the extent that we determine that deferred tax assets are realizable on a more likely than not basis, and adjustment is needed, that adjustment will be recorded in the period that the determination is made and would generally decrease the valuation allowance and result in recording a corresponding benefit to earnings.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 26, 2015
 
September 27, 2014
 
(In thousands)
Net cash flow provided by (used in):
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
107,360

 
$
17,237

Investing activities
$
(50,895
)
 
$
(48,443
)
Financing activities
$
18,390

 
$
17,837

 
 
September 26, 2015
 
December 27, 2014
 
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
161,103

 
$
86,495

Short and long-term investments
177,640

 
298,861

Long-term restricted cash
5,319

 
5,460

 
$
344,062

 
$
390,816

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of highly-liquid investments in certificates of deposits, money market funds, commercial paper, corporate bonds and U.S. treasuries. Long-term investments primarily consist of corporate bonds. The restricted cash balance amounts are primarily pledged as collateral for certain stand-by and commercial letters of credit related to customer proposal guarantees, value added tax licenses and property leases.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 was $107.4 million as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $17.2 million for the corresponding period in 2014.
Operating activities consists of net income adjusted for non-cash items of $54.8 million during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 compared to net income adjusted for non-cash items of $49.1 million for the corresponding period in 2014.
Net cash used to fund working capital was $13.8 million during the nine months ended September 26, 2015. Accounts receivable decreased by $28.8 million primarily reflecting linearity of invoicing and collections activities in the period. Inventory increased by $8.9 million in order to support higher expected demand. Accrued warranty increased by $8.7 million due to specific warranty reserves, the increased installed base and higher repair costs.
Net cash used to fund working capital was $37.2 million for the nine months ended September 27, 2014. Accounts receivable increased by $35.5 million primarily due to the timing of invoicing of Infinera DTN-X deployments during the period. Inventory increased by $9.0 million due to increased levels of Infinera DTN-X

36

inventory, including increased levels of inventory awaiting customer acceptance. Accounts payable decreased by $11.0 million primarily reflecting timing of purchases and payments during the period.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 was $50.9 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $48.4 million to the corresponding period in 2014. Investing activities during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 included the payment of $144.4 million in connection with the acquisition of Transmode. Investing activities during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 also included net proceeds of $119.1 million associated with purchases, maturities and sales of investments along with $1.0 million of realized gain from foreign currency exchange forward contracts, offset by capital expenditures of $26.7 million. Investing activities during the nine months ended September 27, 2014 included net cash usage of $28.3 million associated with purchases, maturities, calls and sales of investments, a $5.5 million incremental investment in a private held company and capital expenditures of $14.4 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 was $18.4 million compared to $17.8 million in the corresponding period of 2014. Financing activities during the nine months ended September 26, 2015 and the corresponding period in 2014 included net proceeds from the exercise of stock options and issuance of shares under the employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP"). These proceeds were offset by the minimum tax withholdings paid on behalf of employees for net share settlements of restricted stock units.
Liquidity
We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and investments, together with cash generated from operations, exercise of employee stock options and purchases under our ESPP will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months, including any cash we will be required to expend as part of the Transmode related squeeze-out proceedings. For more information regarding the squeeze-out proceedings, see Note 6, "Business Combination" to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. If these sources of cash are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements beyond 12 months, we may require additional capital from equity or debt financings to fund our operations, to respond to competitive pressures or strategic opportunities, or otherwise. We may not be able to secure timely additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. The terms of any additional financing may place limits on our financial and operating flexibility. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution in their percentage ownership of us, and any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.
In May 2013, we issued the Notes, which will mature on June 1, 2018, unless earlier purchased by us or converted. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing December 1, 2013. The net proceeds from the Notes issuance were approximately $144.5 million and were intended to be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
During the three months ended September 26, 2015, the closing price of our common stock exceeded 130% of the applicable conversion price of the Notes on at least 20 of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter; therefore, holders of the Notes may convert their notes during the fourth quarter of 2015. Any conversion of the Notes prior to their maturity or acceleration of the repayment of the Notes could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, business, results of operations and financial condition. Should the closing price conditions be met during the 30 consecutive trading days prior to the end of the fourth quarter of 2015 or a future quarter, the Notes will be convertible at their holders’ option during the immediately following quarter. Under current market conditions, we do not expect the Notes will be converted in the short-term.
Upon conversion, it is our intention to pay cash equal to the lesser of the aggregate principal amount or the conversion value of the Notes. For any remaining conversion obligation, we intend to pay cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at our election. As of September 26, 2015, long-term debt, net, was $123.2 million as of September 26, 2015, which represents the liability component of the $150.0 million principal balance, net of $26.8 million of debt discount. The debt discount is currently being amortized over the remaining term until maturity of the Notes on June 1, 2018. Any future redemption or conversion of the Notes could impact the timing of the repayment of these Notes.

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As of September 26, 2015, contractual obligations related to the Notes are payments of $1.3 million due in the remainder of 2015, $2.6 million due each year from 2016 through 2017 and $151.3 million due in 2018. These amounts represent principal and interest cash payments over the term of the Notes. Any future redemption or conversion of the Notes could impact the amount or timing of our cash payments. For more information regarding the Notes, see Note 9, “Convertible Senior Notes” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of September 26, 2015, we had $287.3 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, including $56.0 million of cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries. Our cash in foreign locations is used for operational and investing activities in those locations, and we do not currently have the need or the intent to repatriate those funds to the United States. Our policy with respect to undistributed foreign subsidiaries’ earnings is to consider those earnings to be indefinitely reinvested. If we were to repatriate these funds, we would be required to accrue and pay U.S. taxes on such amounts, however, due to our significant net operating loss carryforward position for both federal and state tax purposes, as well as the full valuation allowance provided against our U.S. and state net deferred tax assets, we would currently be able to offset any such tax obligations in their entirety. However, foreign withholding taxes may be applicable.
Contractual Obligations
The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of September 26, 2015 (in thousands): 
 
 
 
Payments Due by Period
 
Total
 
Less than
1 year
 
1 - 3
years
 
3 - 5
years
 
More than
5 years
Purchase obligations(1)
$
107,584

 
$
103,834

 
$
3,750

 
$
—

 
$
—

Operating leases(2)
52,908

 
10,447

 
20,349

 
17,159

 
4,953

Convertible senior notes, including interest
157,875

 
2,625

 
155,250

 
—

 
—

Total contractual obligations(3)
$
318,367

 
$
116,906

 
$
179,349

 
$
17,159

 
$
4,953

 
 
(1) 
We have service agreements with our major production suppliers under which we are committed to purchase certain parts.
(2) 
We lease facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. These leases have varying terms, predominantly no longer than ten years each and contain leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays and escalation clauses that range from one to 10 years. In addition, some of these leases have renewal options for up to five years. We also have contractual commitments to remove leasehold improvements and return certain properties to a specified condition when the leases terminate. At the inception of a lease with such conditions, we record an asset retirement obligation liability and a corresponding capital asset in an amount equal to the estimated fair value of the obligation. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. An assumption of lease renewal where a renewal option exists is used only when the renewal has been determined to be reasonably assured. The estimated useful life of leasehold improvements is one to ten years.
(3) 
Tax liabilities of $2.6 million related to uncertain tax positions are not included in the table because we are unable to determine the timing of settlement if any, of these future payments with a reasonably reliable estimate.
We had $4.9 million of stand-by letters of credit outstanding as of September 26, 2015. These consisted of $2.8 million related to a customer proposal guarantee, $1.4 million related to a value added tax license and $0.7 million related to property leases. We had $5.0 million of stand-by letters of credit outstanding as of December 27, 2014. These consisted of $3.0 million related to a customer proposal guarantee, $1.3 million related to a value added tax license and $0.7 million related to property leases.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 26, 2015, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

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Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk affecting us, see "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 7A. of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference. Our exposure to market risk has not changed materially since December 27, 2014, with the exception of the items below.
Market Risk and Market Interest Risk
Holders may convert the Notes prior to maturity upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. Upon conversion, it is our intention to pay cash equal to the lesser of the aggregate principal amount or the conversion value of the Notes as cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at our election, for any remaining conversion obligation.
During the three months ended September 26, 2015, the closing price of our common stock exceeded 130% of the applicable conversion price of the Notes on at least 20 of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter; therefore, holders of the Notes may convert their notes during the fourth quarter of 2015. Any conversion of the Notes prior to their maturity or acceleration of the repayment of the Notes could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, business, results of operations and financial condition. Under current market conditions, we do not expect the Notes will be converted in the short-term.
As of September 26, 2015, the fair value of the Notes was $250.5 million. The fair value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on September 26, 2015. The fair value of the Notes is subject to interest rate risk, market risk and other factors due to the convertible feature. The fair value of the Notes will generally increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. In addition, the fair value of the Notes will generally increase as our common stock price increases and will generally decrease as our common stock price declines in value. The interest and market value changes affect the fair value of the Notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligation. Additionally, we do not carry the Notes at fair value. We present the fair value of the Notes for required disclosure purposes only. 
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was performed by management, with the participation of our chief executive officer ("CEO") and our chief financial officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d -15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the fiscal period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
With the exception of the Transmode acquisition described below, there were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
On August 20, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Transmode as discussed in detail under Note 6, "Business Combination" to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Transmode business utilizes separate information and accounting systems and processes. We expect to transition the accounting and related functions of the acquired business during 2016 and we will continue to review the impact of any future changes to our internal controls as we integrate the business combination. Transmode will be part of our evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ending 2016, which is the initial report that we will be required to include Transmode in our annual assessment.

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Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls
Our management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within us have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving our stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Cambrian Science Patent Infringement Litigation
On July 12, 2011, we were notified by Level 3 that Cambrian filed suit against Level 3 and six other defendants, including Cox Communications, Inc., XO Communications, LLC, Global Crossing Limited, 360Networks (USA), Inc., Integra Telecom, Inc. and IXC, Inc. dba Telekenex (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging infringement of patent no. 6,775,312 (the “'312 Patent”) and requesting damages for such alleged infringement (the “Cambrian Claim”). The nature of the Cambrian Claim involves allegations of infringement of the '312 Patent resulting from the Defendants’ use of certain products and systems in the Defendants’ networks, including the Infinera DTN platform. On August 24, 2011, Cambrian amended the complaint to name us as a defendant. We assumed the defense of the Cambrian Claim and filed an answer to Cambrian’s complaint on September 21, 2011, in which we denied infringement of the '312 Patent and raised other defenses. Cambrian filed a second amended complaint on October 6, 2011, which included many of the same allegations as in the original complaint. We filed our answer to the second amended complaint on October 21, 2011, in which we maintained the same denials and defenses as in our initial answer. On December 23, 2011, we filed a motion requesting that the court stay the case with respect to each of the above-noted customer Defendants. Cambrian filed its opposition to our motion on December 30, 2011. Our request was denied in the court’s decision on March 7, 2012. We presented evidence on the appropriate meanings of relevant key words used in the patent claims during a claim construction hearing on November 20, 2012.

On June 17, 2013, the court issued an order regarding claim construction, in which the court agreed with almost all of our proposed claim constructions. On October 17, 2013, the parties met for a court-mandated mediation. On April 24, 2014, we filed two motions for summary judgment relating to non-infringement and Cambrian’s claim to an earlier date of invention. The court held a hearing on the summary judgment motions on June 9, 2014. On July 2, 2014, the court granted our motion for summary judgment on non-infringement and entered a final judgment of non-infringement of the '312 Patent.
On August 1, 2014, Cambrian filed a notice of appeal regarding the ruling of non-infringement to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“CAFC”), and Cambrian’s appeal brief was filed on November 6, 2014. We filed our responsive brief on January 5, 2015, arguing that the CAFC should affirm the lower court’s finding of non-infringement, and on February 2, 2015, Cambrian filed their reply brief. Oral argument of this appeal took place on May 5, 2015. On June 29, 2015, the CAFC affirmed the court’s claim construction and grant of summary judgment of non-infringement. We have not received notice of any further filings since the CAFC affirmation and believe the judgment of non-infringement to be final.
After the court had granted summary judgment in July 2014, we sought to recover certain costs and attorney's fees from Cambrian. The Court has taken the matter under submission and has yet to issue a final ruling on the amount of fees to be awarded to us.


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Item 1A.
Risk Factors
A description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business is set forth below. This description includes any material changes to and supersedes the description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014. You should carefully consider such risks and uncertainties, together with the other information contained in this report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014 and in our other public filings including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the first and second quarters of fiscal 2015. If any of such risks and uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could differ materially from the plans, projections and other forward-looking statements included in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this report and in our other public filings. In addition, if any of the following risks and uncertainties, or if any other risks and uncertainties, actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could be harmed substantially, which could cause the market price of our stock to decline, perhaps significantly.
Our quarterly results may vary significantly from period to period, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below investor or analyst expectations.
Our quarterly results, in particular, our revenue, gross margins, operating expenses, operating margins and net income, have historically varied from period to period. In fiscal years prior to the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014, we had significant operating losses and there is no guarantee that we will be able to sustain profitability in the future. As of September 26, 2015, our accumulated deficit was $552.0 million. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Our budgeted expense levels are based, in large part, on our expectations of future revenue and the development efforts associated with that future revenue. Given the relatively fixed nature of our operating costs including those relating to our personnel and facilities, particularly for our engineering personnel, any substantial adjustment to our expenses to account for lower levels of revenue will be difficult to execute and may take significant time. Consequently, if our revenue does not meet projected levels in the short-term, our inventory levels and operating expenses would be high relative to revenue, resulting in potential operating losses. In addition, given the increase in the size of our business as a result of the acquisition of Transmode, our historical results will not be indicative of our combined operations going forward.
Factors that may contribute to fluctuations in our quarterly results, many of which are outside our control and may be difficult to predict, include:
•
fluctuations in demand, sales cycles and prices for products and services, including discounts given in response to competitive pricing pressures;
•
fluctuations in our customer or product mix, including the impact of new customer deployments, which typically carry lower gross margins;
•
changes in customers’ budgets for optical transport network equipment purchases and changes in their purchasing cycles;
•
the process of integrating the Transmode business with our business and the associated potential disruptions to our business;
•
order cancellations or reductions or delays in delivery schedules by our customers;
•
our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses and the costs of components we purchase for our products;
•
our ability to maintain volumes and yields on products manufactured in our internal manufacturing facilities;
•
readiness of customer sites for installation of our products;
•
the timing of product releases or upgrades by us;
•
any significant changes in the competitive dynamics of our market, including any new entrants, or customer or competitor consolidation;
•
availability of third party suppliers to provide contract engineering and installation services for us;
•
the timing of recognizing revenue in any given quarter, including the impact of revenue recognition standards and any future changes in U.S. GAAP or new interpretations of existing accounting rules;

42

•
the impact of a significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, severe weather, or tsunami or other flooding, as well as interruptions or shortages in the supply of utilities such as water and electricity, in a key location such as our Northern California facilities, which is located near major earthquake fault lines and in a designated flood zone; and
•
general economic conditions in domestic and international markets.
Many factors affecting our results of operations are beyond our control and make it difficult to predict our results for a particular quarter or to accurately predict future revenue beyond a one-quarter time horizon. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts or below any guidance we provide to the market, the price of our common stock may decline substantially.

Our business and operations have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, including the completion of the acquisition of Transmode, and if we do not effectively manage any future growth or are unable to improve our systems, processes and controls, our operating results may be adversely affected.

We have experienced rapid growth and increased demand for our products over the last few years. Our employee headcount and number of end-customers have increased significantly, and we expect to continue to grow over the next year. For example, from the end of fiscal 2013 to the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2015, our headcount increased from 1,318 to 1,978 employees. The growth and expansion of our business and product and service offerings places a continuous significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. To manage any future growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our information technology and financial infrastructure, our operating and administrative systems, and our ability to manage headcount, capital and processes in an efficient manner.

We may not be able to successfully scale improvements to our enterprise resource planning system or implement or scale improvements to our other systems, processes and controls in an efficient or timely manner or in a manner that does not negatively affect our operating results. In addition, our existing systems, processes and controls may not prevent or detect all errors, omissions, or fraud. We may experience difficulties in managing improvements to our systems, processes, and controls, or in connection with third-party software, which could disrupt existing customer relationships, cause us to lose customers, or increase our technical support costs. Our failure to improve our systems, processes, and controls, or their failure to operate in the intended manner, may result in our inability to manage the growth of our business and to accurately forecast our revenue, expenses, and earnings, or to prevent certain losses. Failure to manage any future growth effectively could result in increased costs, negatively impact our end-customers’ satisfaction with our products and services, and harm our operating results.
We may not be able to successfully integrate our business with the business of Transmode, and we may not be able to achieve the anticipated strategic benefits from our acquisition of Transmode.
The transaction to acquire Transmode was completed on August 20, 2015, and Transmode’s business became a part of our business as of that date. The integration of our company with Transmode will be a complex, costly and time-consuming process. The integration process will require substantial management time and attention, which may divert attention and resources from other important areas, including our existing business. Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the course of integrating the respective businesses of Infinera and Transmode. In connection with the preparation of the offer to acquire Transmode, we conducted a limited confirmatory due diligence review of certain business, financial and legal information relating to Transmode, in accordance with applicable Swedish rules. Our plans for the integration, our assessment of the costs related thereto and the anticipated strategic benefits of the combination are consequently based on a due diligence review that was more limited in scope compared to what would be customary in connection with an acquisition of a non-listed entity. As a result thereof, and as a result of the aforementioned challenges, as well as other challenges and factors that may be unknown to us, we may not successfully integrate our operations with those of Transmode in a timely manner. In addition, we may not be able to fully realize the anticipated strategic benefits of the combination, which include the ability to achieve revenue synergies, increased negotiating leverage with third-party suppliers as a result of higher volumes, and, to a lesser extent, certain operating expense synergies expected from avoiding duplicative costs. The failure to successfully integrate the combined operations, including retention of key employees, could impact our ability to realize the full benefits of our acquisition of Transmode. If we are not able to achieve the anticipated strategic benefits of the combination, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock if the integration or the anticipated financial and strategic benefits of the acquisition are not realized as

43

rapidly or to the extent anticipated by investors and analysts. Failure to achieve these anticipated benefits could result in increased costs and decreases in expected revenue and/or net income following the acquisition.
Our gross margin may fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter and may be adversely affected by a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control.
Our gross margin fluctuates from period-to-period and vary by customer and by product. Over the past eight fiscal quarters, our gross margin has ranged from 40% to 47%. Our gross margin is likely to continue to fluctuate and will be affected by a number of factors, including:
•
the mix in any period of the types of customers purchasing our products as well as the product mix;
•
significant new customer deployments, often with a higher portion of lower margin common equipment as we try to build footprint;
•
price discounts negotiated by our customers;
•
charges for excess or obsolete inventory;
•
changes in the price or availability of components for our products;
•
changes in our manufacturing costs, including fluctuations in yields and production volumes; and
•
increased warranty or repair costs.
It is likely that the average unit prices of our products will decrease over time in response to competitive pricing pressures, increased negotiated sales discounts, new product introductions by us or our competitors or other factors. In addition, some of our customer contracts contain clauses that require us to annually decrease the sales price of our products to these customers. In response, we will need to reduce the cost of our products through manufacturing efficiencies, design improvements and cost reductions. If these efforts are not successful or if we are unable to reduce our costs to a greater extent than the reduction in the price of our products, our revenue and gross margin will decline, causing our operating results to decline. Fluctuations in gross margin may make it difficult to manage our business and achieve or maintain profitability.
Aggressive business tactics by our competitors may harm our business.
The markets in which we compete are extremely competitive and this often results in aggressive business tactics by our competitors, including:
•
aggressively pricing their optical transport products and other portfolio products, including offering significant one-time discounts and guaranteed future price decreases;
•
offering optical products at a substantial discount or free when bundled together with the customers' router or wireless equipment purchases;
•
providing financing, marketing and advertising assistance to customers;
•
influencing customer requirements to emphasize different product capabilities, which better suit their products;
•
offering to repurchase our equipment from existing customers; and
•
asserting intellectual property rights.
The level of competition and pricing pressure tend to increase when competing for larger high-profile opportunities or during periods of economic weakness when there are fewer network build-out projects. If we fail to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, or if our current or future competitors continue or expand aggressive business tactics, including those described above, demand for our products could decline, we could experience delays or cancellations of customer orders, or we could be required to reduce our prices to compete in the market.

44

Our ability to increase our revenue will depend upon continued growth of demand by consumers and businesses for additional network capacity and any decrease or delay in capital spending by our customers could reduce revenue and harm our business.
Our future success depends on factors that increase the amount of data transmitted over communications networks and the growth of optical transport networks to meet the increased demand for optical capacity. These factors include the growth of mobility, video, cloud-based services, increased broadband connectivity and the continuing adoption of high-capacity, revenue-generating services. If demand for such bandwidth does not continue, or slows down, the need for increased bandwidth across networks and the market for optical communications network products may not continue to grow and our product sales would be negatively impacted. 

In addition, demand for our products depends on the magnitude and timing of capital spending in optical networks by service providers as they construct, expand and upgrade the capacity of their optical networks. Capital spending is cyclical in our industry and spending by customers can change on short notice. Any future decisions by our customers to reduce capital spending, whether caused by weakening economic conditions, changes in government regulations relating to telecommunications and data networks, or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If we lose key personnel or fail to attract and retain additional qualified personnel when needed, our business may be harmed.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing, and finance personnel, many of whom would be difficult to replace. For example, senior members of our engineering team have unique technical experience that would be difficult to replace. We do not have long-term employment contracts or key person life insurance covering any of our key personnel. Because our products are complex, we must hire and retain a large number of highly trained customer service and support personnel to ensure that the deployment of our products do not result in network disruption for our customers. We believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to identify, attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering, sales, marketing, finance and customer service and support personnel. Competition for these individuals is intense in our industry, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area where we are headquartered. We may not succeed in identifying, attracting and retaining appropriate personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to identify, attract or retain qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring qualified personnel, particularly engineers and sales personnel, could make it difficult for us to manage our business and meet key objectives, such as timely product introductions.
Any delays in the development and introduction of our products or in releasing enhancements to our existing products may harm our business.
Because our products are based on complex technology, including, in some cases, the development of next-generation PICs and specialized ASICs, we may experience unanticipated delays in developing, improving, manufacturing or deploying these products. The development process for our PICs is lengthy, and any modifications to our PICs, including the development of our next-generation PICs, entail significant development cost and risks.
At any given time, various new product introductions and enhancements to our existing products, such as future products based on our next-generation PICs, are in the development phase and are not yet ready for commercial manufacturing or deployment. We rely on third parties, some of which are relatively early stage companies, to develop and manufacture components for our next-generation products, which can require custom development. The maturing process from laboratory prototype to customer trials, and subsequently to general availability, involves a significant number of simultaneous development efforts. These efforts often must be completed in a timely manner so that they may be introduced into the product development cycle for our systems, and include:
•
completion of product development, including the completion of any associated PIC development, such as our next-generation PICs, and the completion of associated module development, including modules developed by third parties;
•
the qualification and multiple sourcing of critical components;
•
validation of manufacturing methods and processes;
•
extensive quality assurance and reliability testing and staffing of testing infrastructure;

45

•
validation of software; and
•
establishment of systems integration and systems test validation requirements.
Each of these steps, in turn, presents risks of failure, rework or delay, any one of which could decrease the speed and scope of product introduction and marketplace acceptance of our products. New generations of our PICs, specialized ASICs and intensive software testing are important to the timely introduction of new products and enhancements to our existing products, and are subject to these development risks. In addition, unexpected intellectual property disputes, failure of critical design elements, and a host of other development execution risks may delay, or even prevent, the introduction of new products or enhancements to our existing products. If we do not develop and successfully introduce or enhance products in a timely manner, our competitive position will suffer. In addition, if we do not develop and successfully introduce or enhance products in sufficient time so as to satisfy our customer’s expectations, we may lose future business from such customers and harm our reputation and our customer relationships, either of which would harm our business and operating results.
The markets in which we compete are highly competitive and we may not be able to compete effectively.
Competition in the optical transport equipment market is intense, and we expect such competition to increase. In the long-haul market, our main competitors include current WDM suppliers, such as Alcatel-Lucent, Ciena Corporation, Coriant, Huawei and ZTE. These companies have historically set the competitive benchmarks for price and functionality. In the metro market, our potential competitors also include Cisco, Adva and Fujitsu. In addition, there are also several smaller, but established, companies that offer one or more products that compete directly or indirectly with our offerings. Competition in these markets is based on price, commercial terms, functionality, manufacturing capability, existing business and customer relationships, scalability and quality of services to meet our customers’ immediate and future network requirements. In addition to the current competitors, other companies have, or may in the future develop, products that are or could be competitive with our products. In particular, if a competitor develops a photonic integrated circuit with similar functionality to our PICs, our business could be harmed. We also expect to encounter further consolidation in the markets in which we compete. Consolidation among our competitors could lead to a changing competitive landscape, capabilities and market share, which could harm our results of operations.

Some of our competitors have substantially greater name recognition and technical, financial and marketing resources along with better established relationships with incumbent carriers and other potential customers than we have. Many of our competitors have more resources to develop or acquire, and more experience in developing or acquiring new products and technologies and in creating market awareness for those products and technologies. In addition, many of our competitors have the financial resources to offer competitive products at aggressive pricing levels that could prevent us from competing effectively. Further, many of our competitors have built long-standing relationships with some of our prospective customers and have the ability to provide financing to customers and could, therefore, have an inherent advantage in selling products to those customers.
We also compete with low-cost producers from China that can increase pricing pressure on us and a number of smaller companies that provide competition for a specific product, customer segment or geographic market. These competitors often base their products on the latest available technologies. Due to the narrower focus of their efforts, these competitors may achieve commercial availability of their products more quickly than we can and may provide attractive alternatives to our customers.
Our large customers have substantial negotiating leverage, which may require that we agree to terms and conditions that result in decreased revenue due to lower average selling prices and potentially higher cost of sales leading to lower gross margin, all of which would harm our operating results.
Substantial changes in the optical transport networking industry have occurred over the last few years. Many potential customers have experienced static or declining revenue. Many of our customers have substantial debt burdens, many have experienced financial distress, and some have gone out of business, been acquired by other service providers, or announced their withdrawal from segments of the business. Consolidation in the markets in which we compete has resulted in changes in the structure of the communications networking industry, with greater concentration of purchasing power in a small number of large service providers, cable operators and ICPs. The increased concentration among our customer base may also lead to increased competition for new network deployments and increased negotiating power for our customers. This may require us to decrease our average selling prices, which would have an adverse impact on our operating results.

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Further, many of our customers are large service providers that have substantial purchasing power and leverage in negotiating contractual arrangements with us. Our customers have and may continue to seek advantageous pricing, payment and other commercial terms. We have and may continue to be required to agree to unfavorable commercial terms with these customers, including reducing the average selling price of our products or agreeing to extended payment terms in response to these commercial requirements or competitive pricing pressures. To maintain acceptable operating results, we will need to comply with these commercial terms, develop and introduce new products and product enhancements on a timely basis and continue to reduce our costs.
We must respond to rapid technological change and comply with evolving industry standards and requirements for our products to be successful.
The optical transport networking equipment market is characterized by rapid technological change, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. We continually invest in research and development to sustain or enhance our existing products, but the introduction of new communications technologies and the emergence of new industry standards or requirements could render our products obsolete. Further, in developing our products, we have made, and will continue to make, assumptions with respect to which standards or requirements will be adopted by our customers and competitors. If the standards or requirements adopted by our prospective customers are different from those on which we have focused our efforts, market acceptance of our products would be reduced or delayed and our business would be harmed.
We are continuing to invest a significant portion of our research and development efforts in the development of our next-generation products. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the performance of their existing products and to introduce new products and technologies and to influence customers’ buying criteria so as to emphasize product capabilities that we do not, or may not, possess. To be competitive, we must properly anticipate future customer requirements and we must continue to invest significant resources in research and development, sales and marketing, and customer support. If we do not anticipate these future customer requirements and invest in the technologies necessary to enable us to have and to sell the appropriate solutions, it may limit our competitive position and future sales, which would have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition. We may not have sufficient resources to make these investments and we may not be able to make the technological advances necessary to be competitive.
Our manufacturing process is very complex and the partial or complete loss of our manufacturing facility, or a reduction in yields or an inability to scale capacity to meet customer demands could harm our business.
The manufacturing process for certain components of our products, including our PICs, is technically challenging. In the event that any of the manufacturing facilities utilized to build these components were fully or partially destroyed, as a result of fire, water damage, or otherwise, it would limit our ability to produce our products. Because of the complex nature of our manufacturing facilities, such loss would take a considerable amount of time to repair or rebuild. The partial or complete loss of any of our manufacturing facilities, or an event causing the interruption in our use of such facility for any extended period of time would cause our business, financial condition and operating results to be harmed.
Minor deviations in the PIC manufacturing process can cause substantial decreases in yields and, in some cases, cause production to be suspended. In the past, we have had significant variances in our PIC yields, including production interruptions and suspensions and may have continued yield variances, including additional interruptions or suspensions in the future. We expect our manufacturing yield for our next-generation PICs to be lower initially and increase as we achieve full production. Poor yields from our PIC manufacturing process or defects, integration issues or other performance problems in our products could limit our ability to satisfy customer demand requirements, and could damage customer relations and cause business reputation problems, harming our business and operating results.
Our inability to obtain sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet demand, either in our own facilities or through foundry or similar arrangements with third parties, could harm our relationships with our customers, our business and our operating results.

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We are dependent on sole source and limited source suppliers for several key components, and if we fail to obtain these components on a timely basis, we will not meet our customers’ product delivery requirements.
We currently purchase several key components for our products from single or limited sources. In particular, we rely on our own production of certain components of our products, such as PICs, and on third parties as sole source suppliers for certain of the components of our products, including ASICs, field-programmable gate arrays, processors, and other semiconductor and optical components. We purchase these items on a purchase order basis and have no long-term contracts with many of these sole source suppliers. We have increased our reliance on third parties to develop and manufacture components for certain products, some of which require custom development. If any of our sole or limited source suppliers suffer from capacity constraints, lower than expected yields, deployment delays, work stoppages or any other reduction or disruption in output, they may be unable to meet our delivery schedule which could result in lost revenue, additional product costs and deployment delays that could harm our business and customer relationships. Further, our suppliers could enter into exclusive arrangements with our competitors, refuse to sell their products or components to us at commercially reasonable prices or at all, go out of business or discontinue their relationships with us. We may be unable to develop alternative sources for these components.
The loss of a source of supply, or lack of sufficient availability of key components, could require us to redesign products that use such components, which could result in lost revenue, additional product costs and deployment delays that could harm our business and customer relationships. If we do not receive critical components for our products in a timely manner, we will be unable to deliver those components to our contract manufacturer in a timely manner and would, therefore, be unable to meet our prospective customers’ product delivery requirements. In addition, the sourcing from new suppliers may require us to re-design our products, which could cause delays in the manufacturing and delivery of our products. In the past, we have experienced delivery delays because of lack of availability of components or reliability issues with components that we were purchasing. In addition, some of our suppliers have gone out of business, merged with another supplier, or limited their supply of components to us, which may cause us to experience longer than normal lead times and supply delays. We may in the future experience a shortage of certain components as a result of our own manufacturing issues, manufacturing issues at our suppliers or contract manufacturers, capacity problems experienced by our suppliers or contract manufacturers, strong demand in the industry for such components, or other disruptions in our supply chain. A return to growth in the global economy is likely to continue to create pressure on us and our suppliers to accurately project overall component demand and manufacturing capacity. These supplier disruptions may continue to occur in the future, which could limit our ability to produce our products and cause us to fail to meet a customer’s delivery requirements. Any failure to meet our customers’ product delivery requirements could harm our reputation and our customer relationships, either of which would harm our business and operating results.
If we fail to accurately forecast demand for our products, we may have excess or insufficient inventory, which may increase our operating costs, decrease our revenue and harm our business.
We are required to generate forecasts of future demand for our products several months prior to the scheduled delivery to our prospective customers. This requires us to make significant investments before we know if corresponding revenue will be recognized. Lead times for materials and components, including ASICs, that we need to order for the manufacture of our products vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for each component at a given time. In the past, we have experienced lengthening in lead times for certain components. If the lead times for components are lengthened, we may be required to purchase increased levels of such components to satisfy our delivery commitments to our customers.

If we overestimate market demand for our products and, as a result, increase our inventory in anticipation of customer orders that do not materialize, we will have excess inventory, which could result in increased risk of obsolescence and significant inventory write-downs. Furthermore, this will result in reduced production volumes and our fixed costs will be spread across fewer units, increasing our per unit costs. If we underestimate demand for our products, we will have inadequate inventory, which could slow down or interrupt the manufacturing of our products and result in delays in shipments and our ability to recognize revenue. In addition, we may be unable to meet our supply commitments to customers, which could result in a loss of certain customer opportunities or a breach of our customer agreements resulting in payment of damages.

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We are dependent on a small number of key customers for a significant portion of our revenue and the loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders from one or more of our key customers would reduce our revenue and harm our operating results.
A relatively small number of customers account for a large percentage of our revenue. For example, for the three months ended September 26, 2015, two customers accounted for approximately 42% of our total revenue. As a result, our business will be harmed if any of our key customers do not generate as much revenue as we forecast, stop purchasing from us, or substantially reduce their orders to us. In addition, our business will be harmed if we fail to maintain our competitive advantage with our key customers. While we expect greater overall customer diversification as a result of our acquisition of Transmode, we expect a relatively small number of customers to continue to account for a large percentage of revenue from period to period.
Our ability to continue to generate revenue from our key customers will depend on our ability to maintain strong relationships with these customers and introduce new products that are desirable to these customers at competitive prices, and we may not be successful at doing so. In most cases, our sales are made to these customers pursuant to standard purchase agreements rather than long-term purchase commitments, and orders may be canceled or reduced readily. In the event of a cancellation or reduction of an order, we may not have enough time to reduce operating expenses to minimize the effect of the lost revenue on our business. Our operating results will continue to depend on our ability to sell our products to our key customers.
If our contract manufacturers do not perform as we expect, our business may be harmed.
We rely on third party contract manufacturers to perform a portion of the manufacturing of our products, and our future success will depend on our ability to have sufficient volumes of our products manufactured in a cost-effective and quality-controlled manner. We have engaged third parties to manufacture certain elements of our products at multiple contract manufacturing sites located around the world but do not have long-term agreements in place with some of our manufacturers and suppliers that will guarantee product availability, or the continuation of particular pricing or payment terms. There are a number of risks associated with our dependence on contract manufacturers, including:
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reduced control over delivery schedules, particularly for international contract manufacturing sites;
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reliance on the quality assurance procedures of third parties;
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potential uncertainty regarding manufacturing yields and costs;
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potential lack of adequate capacity during periods of high demand;
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potential uncertainty related to the use of international contract manufacturing sites;
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limited warranties on components;
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potential misappropriation of our intellectual property; and
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potential manufacturing disruptions (including disruptions caused by geopolitical events, military actions or natural disasters).
Any of these risks could impair our ability to fulfill orders. Our contract manufacturers may not be able to meet the delivery requirements of our customers, which could decrease customer satisfaction and harm our product sales. If our contract manufacturers are unable or unwilling to continue manufacturing our products or components of our products in required volumes or our relationship with any of our contract manufacturers is discontinued for any reason, we would be required to identify and qualify alternative manufacturers, which could cause us to be unable to meet our supply requirements to our customers and result in the breach of our customer agreements. Qualifying a new contract manufacturer and commencing volume production is expensive and time-consuming and if we are required to change or qualify a new contract manufacturer, we could lose revenue and damage our customer relationships.

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If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be harmed or we could incur significant expense to enforce our rights.
We depend on our ability to protect our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of methods to protect our intellectual property, including limiting access to certain information, and utilizing trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws and confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties, all of which offer only limited protection. The steps we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may be inadequate to preclude misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of our proprietary information or infringement of our intellectual property rights, and our ability to police such misappropriation, unauthorized disclosure or infringement is uncertain, particularly in countries outside of the United States. This is likely to become an increasingly important issue as we expand our operations and product development into countries that provide a lower level of intellectual property protection. We do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims, and even if patents are issued, they may be contested, circumvented or invalidated. Moreover, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with a competitive advantage, and, as with any technology, competitors may be able to develop similar or superior technologies to our own now or in the future.
Protecting against the unauthorized use of our products, trademarks and other proprietary rights is expensive, difficult, time consuming and, in some cases, impossible. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity or scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of management resources, either of which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Furthermore, many of our current and potential competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights than we do. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property.
Claims by others that we infringe their intellectual property could harm our business.
Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, many leading companies in the optical transport networking industry, including our competitors, have extensive patent portfolios with respect to optical transport networking technology. We expect that infringement claims may increase as the number of products and competitors in our market increases and overlaps occur. From time to time, third parties may assert exclusive patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that are important to our business or seek to invalidate the proprietary rights that we hold. Competitors or other third parties have, and may continue to assert claims or initiate litigation or other proceedings against us or our manufacturers, suppliers or customers alleging infringement of their proprietary rights, or seeking to invalidate our proprietary rights, with respect to our products and technology. In addition, we have had certain patent licenses with third parties that have not been renewed, and if we cannot successfully renew these licenses, we could face claims of infringement. In the event that we are unsuccessful in defending against any such claims, or any resulting lawsuit or proceedings, we could incur liability for damages and/or have valuable proprietary rights invalidated.
Any claim of infringement from a third party, even one without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, and could distract our management from running our business. Furthermore, a party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages. A judgment could also include an injunction or other court order that could prevent us from offering our products. In addition, we might be required to seek a license for the use of such intellectual property, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, which would require significant effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Any of these events could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Competitors and other third parties have and may continue to assert infringement claims against our customers and sales partners. Any of these claims would require us to initiate or defend potentially protracted and costly litigation on their behalf, regardless of the merits of these claims, because we generally indemnify our customers and sales partners from claims of infringement of proprietary rights of third parties. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of our customers or sales partners, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We incorporate open source software into our products. Although we monitor our use of open source software closely, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. In such event, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in

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order to continue offering our products, to re-engineer our products or to discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
The trading price of our common stock has been volatile and is likely to be volatile in the future.
The trading prices of our common stock and the securities of other technology companies have been and may continue to be highly volatile. Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock include:
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variations in our operating results;
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announcements of technological innovations, new services or service enhancements, strategic alliances or agreements by us or by our competitors;
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the gain or loss of customers;
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recruitment or departure of key personnel;
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changes in the estimates of our future operating results or external guidance on those results or changes in recommendations by any securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock;
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any challenges to our ability to integrate Transmode’s business with our business efficiently;
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market conditions in our industry, the industries of our customers and the economy as a whole; and
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adoption or modification of regulations, policies, procedures or programs applicable to our business.
In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition or operating results. The trading price of our common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry even if these events do not directly affect us. Each of these factors, among others, could harm the value of your investment in our common stock. Some companies that have had volatile market prices for their securities have had securities class action lawsuits filed against them. If a suit were filed against us, regardless of its merits or outcome, it could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.
Unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions may adversely affect our industry, business and gross margin.
Our business depends on the overall demand for additional bandwidth capacity and on the economic health and willingness of our customers and potential customers to make capital commitments to purchase our products and services. As a result of macroeconomic or market uncertainty, we may face new risks that we have not yet identified. In addition, a number of the risks associated with our business, which are disclosed in these risk factors, may increase in likelihood, magnitude or duration.
In the past, unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions have resulted in sustained periods of decreased demand for optical communications products. These conditions may also result in the tightening of credit markets, which may limit or delay our customers’ ability to obtain necessary financing for their purchases of our products. A lack of liquidity in the capital markets or the continued uncertainty in the global economic environment may cause our customers to delay or cancel their purchases, increase the time they take to pay or default on their payment obligations, each of which would negatively affect our business and operating results. Continued weakness and uncertainty in the global economy could cause some of our customers to become illiquid, delay payments or adversely affect our collection of their accounts, which could result in a higher level of bad debt expense. In addition, currency fluctuations could negatively affect our international customers’ ability or desire to purchase our products.
Challenging economic conditions have from time to time contributed to slowdowns in the telecommunications industry in which we operate. Such slowdowns may result in:
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reduced demand for our products as a result of constraints on capital spending by our customers;
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increased price competition for our products, not only from our competitors, but also as a result of our customer’s or potential customer’s utilization of inventoried or underutilized products, which could put additional downward pressure on our near term gross profits;
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risk of excess or obsolete inventories;

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excess manufacturing capacity and higher associated overhead costs as a percentage of revenue; and
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more limited ability to accurately forecast our business and future financial performance.
A lack of liquidity and economic uncertainty may adversely affect our suppliers or the terms on which we purchase products from these suppliers. It may also cause some of our suppliers to become illiquid. Any of these impacts could limit our ability to obtain components for our products from these suppliers and could adversely impact our supply chain or the delivery schedule to our customers. This also could require us to purchase more expensive components, or re-design our products, which could cause increases in the cost of our products and delays in the manufacturing and delivery of our products. Such events could harm our gross margin and harm our reputation and our customer relationships, either of which could harm our business and operating results.
Product performance problems, including undetected errors in our hardware or software, or deployment delays could harm our business and reputation.
The development and production of products with high technology content is complicated and often involves problems with software, components and manufacturing methods. Complex hardware and software systems, such as our products, can often contain undetected errors when first introduced or as new versions are released. In addition, errors associated with components we purchase from third parties, including customized components, may be difficult to resolve. We have experienced issues in the past in connection with our products, including failures due to the receipt of faulty components from our suppliers. We suspect that errors, including potentially serious errors, may be found from time to time in our products. Our products may suffer degradation of performance and reliability over time.
If reliability, quality or network monitoring problems develop, a number of negative effects on our business could result, including:
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delays in our ability to recognize revenue;
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costs associated with fixing software or hardware defects or replacing products;
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high service and warranty expenses;
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delays in shipments;
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high inventory excess and obsolescence expense;
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high levels of product returns;
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diversion of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts;
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delays in collecting accounts receivable;
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payment of liquidated damages, performance guarantees or similar penalties;
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reduced orders from existing customers; and
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declining interest from potential customers.
Because we outsource the manufacturing of certain components of our products, we may also be subject to product performance problems as a result of the acts or omissions of third parties.
From time to time, we encounter interruptions or delays in the activation of our products at a customer’s site. These interruptions or delays may result from product performance problems or from issues with installation and activation, some of which are outside our control. If we experience significant interruptions or delays that we cannot promptly resolve, the associated revenue for these installations may be delayed or confidence in our products could be undermined, which could cause us to lose customers and fail to add new customers.

Our debt obligations may adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital and will be a burden on our future cash flows and cash resources, particularly if these obligations are settled in cash upon maturity or sooner upon an event of default.
In May 2013, we issued $150.0 million of 1.75% convertible senior notes due June 1, 2018. The degree to which we are leveraged could have important consequences, including, but not limited to, the following:

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our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, litigation, general corporate or other purposes may be limited;
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a substantial portion of our future cash balance may be dedicated to the payment of the principal of our indebtedness as we have the intention to pay the principal amount of the Notes in cash upon conversion if specified conditions are met or when due, such that we would not have those funds available for use in our business; and
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if, upon any conversion of the Notes we are required to satisfy our conversion obligation with shares of our common stock or if a make-whole fundamental change occurs, our existing stockholders’ interest in us would be diluted.
Our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt instruments depends on our future cash flow performance. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors, as well as other factors that may be beyond our control. There can be no assurance that our business will generate positive cash flow from operations, or that additional capital will be available to us, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our debt payment obligations and to fund other liquidity needs. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we were unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may be unable to meet our debt payment obligations. As a result, we may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, less able to withstand competitive pressures and less flexible in responding to changing business and economic conditions.
We may issue additional shares of our common stock in connection with the conversion of the Notes, and thereby dilute our existing stockholders and potentially adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the event that some or all of the Notes are converted into common stock, the ownership interests of existing stockholders will be diluted, and any sales in the public market of any shares of our common stock issuable upon such conversion of the Notes could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock. In addition, the anticipated conversion of the Notes could depress the market price of our common stock.

The make-whole fundamental change provisions of the Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial takeover attempt of us.
If a make-whole fundamental change such as an acquisition of our company occurs prior to the maturity of the Notes, under certain circumstances, the conversion rate for the Notes will increase such that additional shares of our common stock will be issued upon conversion of the Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. The increase in the conversion rate will be determined based on the date on which the make-whole fundamental change occurs or becomes effective and the price paid (or deemed paid) per share of our common stock in such transaction. This increase will be dilutive to our existing stockholders. Our obligation to increase the conversion rate upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change may, in certain circumstances, delay or prevent a takeover of us that might otherwise be beneficial to our stockholders.
The acquisition of Transmode may not be accretive to our earnings and may cause dilution to our earnings per share, which may negatively affect the market price of our common stock.
We currently anticipate that the acquisition will be accretive to our earnings per share in the first full year following the completion of the acquisition and thereafter. This expectation is based on preliminary estimates that may materially change. We may encounter additional integration-related costs, fail to realize all of the benefits anticipated in the acquisition or be subject to other factors that adversely affect preliminary estimates. Any of these factors could cause delay or significantly reduce the expected accretive effect of the acquisition and contribute to a decrease in the price of our common stock.
If we need additional capital in the future, it may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.
Our business requires significant capital. We have historically relied on outside debt or equity financing as well as cash flow from operations to fund our operations, capital expenditures and expansion. We may require additional capital from equity or debt financings in the future to fund our operations or respond to competitive pressures or strategic opportunities. We have a history of significant operating losses, including a net loss of $32.1 million for 2013. In the event that we require additional capital, we may not be able to secure timely additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. The terms of any additional financing may place limits on our financial and operating flexibility. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or

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other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, if and when we require it, our ability to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be limited and our business will be harmed.
Our sales cycle can be long and unpredictable, which could result in an unexpected revenue shortfall in any given quarter.
Our products can have a lengthy sales cycle, which can extend from six to twelve months and may take even longer for larger prospective customers. Our prospective customers conduct significant evaluation, testing, implementation and acceptance procedures before they purchase our products. We incur substantial sales and marketing expenses and expend significant management effort during this time, regardless of whether we make a sale.
Because the purchase of our equipment involves substantial cost, most of our customers wait to purchase our equipment until they are ready to deploy it in their network. As a result, it is difficult for us to accurately predict the timing of future purchases by our customers. In addition, product purchases are often subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals and unplanned administrative processing and other delays. If sales expected from customers for a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter or at all, our revenue will be negatively impacted.
Our international sales and operations subject us to additional risks that may harm our operating results, some of which may be enhanced following our acquisition of Transmode.
Sales of our products into international markets are an important part of our business and these international sales are expected to increase as a result of the Transmode acquisition. During the nine months ended September 26, 2015 and in the fiscal years 2014 and 2013, we derived approximately 32%, 29% and 36%, respectively, of our revenue from customers outside of the United States. We expect that significant management attention and financial resources will be required for our international activities over the foreseeable future as we continue to expand our international presence, including as a result of our acquisition of Transmode. We have a limited history and experience selling our products into developing international markets, such as Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. Furthermore, in some countries, our success in selling our products and growing revenue will depend in part on our ability to form relationships with local partners. Our inability to identify appropriate partners or reach mutually satisfactory arrangements for international sales of our products could impact our ability to maintain or increase international market demand for our products. In addition, many of the companies we compete against internationally have greater name recognition and a more substantial sales and marketing presence.
We have sales and support personnel in numerous countries worldwide. In addition, we have established development centers in Canada, China, India and Sweden, and expect to continue to increase hiring of personnel for these facilities. There is no assurance that our reliance upon development resources in international locations will enable us to achieve meaningful cost reductions or greater resource efficiency.
Our international operations are subject to inherent risks, and our future results could be adversely affected by a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:
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greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable and longer collection periods;
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difficulties of managing and staffing international offices, and the increased travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with multiple international locations;
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political, social and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, political unrest, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other business restrictions;
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tariff and trade barriers and other regulatory requirements or contractual limitations on our ability to sell or develop our products in certain foreign markets;
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less effective protection of intellectual property than is afforded to us in the United States or other developed countries;
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local laws and practices that favor local companies, including business practices that we are prohibited from engaging in by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws and regulations;
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certification requirements;

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potentially adverse tax consequences; and
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effects of changes in currency exchange rates, particularly relative increases in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar versus other currencies that could negatively affect our financial results and cash flows.
International customers may also require that we comply with certain testing or customization of our products to conform to local standards. The product development costs to test or customize our products could be extensive and a material expense for us.
Our international operations are subject to increasingly complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations, including but not limited to anti-corruption laws, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act and equivalent laws in other jurisdictions, antitrust or competition laws, and data privacy laws, among others. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries, and could also materially affect our reputation, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business, and our operating results. Although we have implemented policies, procedures and training designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no complete assurance that any individual employee, contractor, or agent will not violate our policies. Additionally, the costs of complying with these laws (including the costs of investigations, auditing and monitoring) could also adversely affect our current or future business.
As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international operations. Our failure to manage any of these risks could harm our international operations and reduce our international sales.
We may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
A portion of our sales are to countries outside of the United States, and are in currencies other than U.S. dollars, and therefore subject to foreign currency fluctuation. Accordingly, fluctuations in foreign currency rates could have a material impact on our revenue in future periods. We also have exposure to currency exchange rates as a result of the growth in our non-U.S. dollar denominated operating expense in Europe, Asia and Canada. We currently enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to reduce the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on accounts receivable. These forward contracts reduce the impact of currency exchange rate movements on certain transactions, but do not cover all foreign-denominated transactions and therefore do not entirely eliminate the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates that could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.
If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected.
We are required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The provisions of the act require, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Preparing our financial statements involves a number of complex processes, many of which are done manually and are dependent upon individual data input or review. These processes include, but are not limited to, calculating revenue, deferred revenue and inventory costs. While we continue to automate our processes and enhance our review and put in place controls to reduce the likelihood for errors, we expect that for the foreseeable future, many of our processes will remain manually intensive and thus subject to human error.

Any acquisitions we make, in addition to the acquisition of Transmode, could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operations.
We have made strategic acquisitions of businesses, technologies and other assets in the past, such as the recently completed acquisition of Transmode. The expansion of our business through acquisitions allows us to complement our technological capabilities. In the event of any future acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, or they may be viewed negatively by customers, financial markets or investors and we could:
•
issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership;
•
incur debt and assume other liabilities;
•
use a substantial portion of our cash resources; or

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•
incur amortization expenses related to other intangible assets and/or incur large and immediate write-offs.
In addition, acquisitions can result in adverse tax consequences, warranty or product liability exposure related to acquired assets, additional stock-based compensation expense, and write-up of acquired inventory to fair value. In addition, we may record goodwill and other purchased intangible assets in connection with an acquisition and incur impairment charges in the future. If our actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analyses, are less favorable than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, we could incur additional impairment charges.
Acquisitions also involve numerous risks that could disrupt our ongoing business and distract our management team, including:
•
problems integrating the acquired operations, technologies or products with our own;
•
diversion of management’s attention from our core business;
•
adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;
•
risks associated with entering new markets; and
•
potential loss of key employees.
Our failure to adequately manage the risks associated with an acquisition could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Unforeseen health, safety and environmental costs could harm our business.
Our manufacturing operations use substances that are regulated by various federal, state and international laws governing health, safety and the environment, including the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment regulations adopted by the European Union. If we experience a problem with complying with these regulations, it could cause an interruption or delay in our manufacturing operations or could cause us to incur liabilities for any costs related to health, safety or environmental remediation. We could also be subject to liability if we do not handle these substances in compliance with safety standards for storage and transportation and applicable laws. If we experience a problem or fail to comply with such safety standards, our business, financial condition and operating results may be harmed.
We are subject to governmental regulations that could adversely affect our business.
We are subject to U.S. and EU export control laws that limit which products we sell and where and to whom we sell our products. These export control laws also limit our ability to conduct product development activities in certain countries. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain technologies and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in import and export regulations may create delays in the introduction of our products in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products throughout their global systems or, in some cases, prevent the import and export of our products to certain countries altogether. Any change in import and export regulations or related legislation, shift in approach to the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential customers with international operations. Failure to comply with these and similar laws on a timely basis, or at all, decreased use of our products or any limitation on our ability to export or sell our products would adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our product or manufacturing standards could also be impacted by new or revised environmental rules and regulations or other social initiatives. For instance, the SEC adopted new disclosure requirements in 2012 relating to the sourcing of certain minerals from the Democratic Republic of Congo and certain other adjoining countries. Those rules, which required reporting for the first time in calendar 2014, could adversely affect our costs, the availability of minerals used in our products and our relationships with customers and suppliers.
The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) has jurisdiction over the entire U.S. communications industry and, as a result, our products and our U.S. customers are subject to FCC rules and regulations. Current and future FCC regulations, including regulations on net neutrality or generally affecting communications services, our products or our customers’ businesses could negatively affect our business. In addition, international regulatory

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standards could impair our ability to develop products for international customers in the future. Moreover, many jurisdictions are evaluating or implementing regulations relating to cybersecurity, privacy and data protection, which can affect the market and requirements for networking and communications equipment. Delays caused by our compliance with regulatory requirements could result in postponements or cancellations of product orders. Further, we may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining any regulatory approvals that may, in the future, be required to operate our business. Any failure to obtain such approvals could harm our business and operating results.
Natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other catastrophic events could harm our operations.
Our headquarters and the majority of our infrastructure, including our PIC fabrication manufacturing facility, are located in Northern California, an area that is susceptible to earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters. Further, a terrorist attack aimed at Northern California or at the United States energy or telecommunications infrastructure could hinder or delay the development and sale of our products. In the event that an earthquake, terrorist attack or other man-made or natural catastrophe were to destroy any part of our facilities, or certain of our contract manufacturers’ facilities, destroy or disrupt vital infrastructure systems or interrupt our operations for any extended period of time, our business, financial condition and operating results would be harmed.

Security incidents, such as data breaches and cyber-attacks, could compromise our intellectual property and proprietary or confidential information and cause significant damage to our business and reputation.
In the ordinary course of our business, we maintain sensitive data on our networks, including data related to our intellectual property and data related to our business, customers and business partners, which is considered proprietary or confidential information. We believe that companies in the technology industry have been increasingly subject to a wide variety of security incidents, cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access. While the secure maintenance of this information is critical to our business and reputation, our network and storage applications may be subject to unauthorized access by hackers or breached due to operator error, malfeasance or other system disruptions. It may be difficult to anticipate or immediately detect such security incidents or data breaches and the damage caused as a result. Accordingly, a data breach, cyber-attack, or unauthorized access or disclosure of our information, could compromise our intellectual property and reveal proprietary or confidential business information. In addition, these security incidents could also cause us to incur significant remediation costs and expenses, disrupt key business operations, subject us to liability and divert attention of management and key information technology resources, any of which could cause significant harm to our business and reputation.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.
We are a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which apply to us, may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in our management or control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws:
•
authorize the issuance of “blank check” convertible preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to thwart a takeover attempt;
•
establish a classified board of directors, as a result of which the successors to the directors whose terms have expired will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following their election;
•
require that directors only be removed from office for cause and only upon a supermajority stockholder vote;
•
provide that vacancies on the board of directors, including newly-created directorships, may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office rather than by stockholders;
•
prevent stockholders from calling special meetings; and
•
prohibit stockholder action by written consent, requiring all actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders.

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Item 6.
Exhibits
 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not deemed filed with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Infinera Corporation
 
 
By:
 
/s/    BRAD FELLER
 
 
Brad Feller
Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal
Financial Officer)
 
 
Date:
 
November 4, 2015

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