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EX-21.1 - EXHIBIT 21.1 - PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPexhibit211_listofsubsidiar.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPexhibit312_2015.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPexhibit311_2015.htm
EX-23 - EXHIBIT 23 - PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPexhibit231_eyconsentx2015.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPexhibit322_2015.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPexhibit321_2015.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K
ý
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             

Commission File Number: 000-21244

PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Massachusetts
 
04-2776269
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
 
 
195 West Street, Waltham, Massachusetts
 
02451
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (781) 487-9900
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class:
 
Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share
 
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý  No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large Accelerated Filer
 
ý
 
Accelerated Filer
 
¨
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated Filer
 
¨ (Do not check if smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller Reporting Company
 
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
The aggregate market value of common stock, $.01 par value per share, held by non-affiliates as of December 31, 2014 was approximately $3.0 billion based on the closing price of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 31, 2014, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The registrant has assumed that all holders of 10% or more of its Common Stock, if any, are affiliates solely for purposes of calculating the aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates. As of August 19, 2015 there were 55,338,272 shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement, which will be issued in connection with the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.




INDEX
 
 
 

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PART I
 
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
PAREXEL International Corporation (“PAREXEL,” “the Company,” or “we”) is a leading biopharmaceutical services company, providing a broad range of expertise in clinical research, clinical logistics, medical communications, consulting, commercialization and advanced technology products and services to the worldwide pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. Our primary objective is to provide quality solutions for managing the biopharmaceutical product lifecycle with the goal of reducing the time, risk, and cost associated with the development and commercialization of new therapies. Since our incorporation in 1983, we have developed significant expertise in processes and technologies supporting this strategy. Our product and service offerings include: clinical trials management, observational studies and patient/disease registries, data management, biostatistical analysis, epidemiology, health economics/outcomes research, pharmacovigilance, medical communications, clinical pharmacology, patient recruitment, clinical supply and drug logistics, post-marketing surveillance, regulatory and product development and commercialization consulting, health policy and reimbursement and market access consulting, medical imaging services, regulatory information management (“RIM”) solutions, ClinPhone randomization and trial supply management services (“ClinPhone RTSM”), electronic data capture systems (“EDC”), clinical trial management systems (“CTMS”), web-based portals, systems integration, patient diary applications, and other product development tools and services. We believe that our comprehensive services, depth of therapeutic area expertise, global footprint and related access to patients, and sophisticated information technology, along with our experience in global drug development and product launch services, represent key competitive strengths.
Our services complement the research and development (“R&D”) and marketing functions of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, diagnostics, and medical device companies. Through our clinical research and product launch and commercialization services, we seek to help clients maximize the return on their significant investments in research and development by reducing the time, risk, and cost of clinical development and launch of new therapies. For large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, outsourcing these services to us provides those companies with a high-quality, variable cost alternative to the fixed costs associated with internal drug development. In addition, these large companies can benefit from our technical resource pool, broad therapeutic area expertise, other advisory services, and global infrastructure, all of which are designed to expedite parallel, multi-country clinical trials and accelerate time-to-market. For smaller bio-pharma companies, we provide access to expertise and a virtual and global network that enables these companies to develop their new products. Our vision is to strive to be the premier provider to the biopharmaceutical and medical device industries for the development and commercialization of new medical therapies worldwide. Our goal is to provide significant benefits to sponsor clients through this strategy, namely, a faster and less expensive development and launch process, as well as a clinical development strategy and expertise that support the marketing strategy for new medical products. We believe that the outsourcing of these services has increased in the past and should continue to increase in the future because of several factors, which are placing increased pressure on clients. These factors include the need to more tightly manage costs, capacity limitations, expirations of drug patent exclusivity periods, the desire to speed up patient recruitment and reduce development time, increased globalization of clinical trials, productivity issues, more stringent government regulations, and pricing pressure. With increased levels of investment continuing to be required and with development times being extended, we believe these trends will continue to create opportunities for companies like us that are focused on improving the efficiency of the bio-pharma product development process. Moreover, many of our clients are reassessing how they conduct their R&D activities and are now engaging in outsourcing at a more strategic level. One consequence of this reassessment is higher concentrations of their outsourced clinical development activities with a smaller number of providers. We have been successful in winning many strategic partnerships. We believe that our broad range of offerings, our global presence, our information technology solutions, and our expertise in clinical drug development position us well to continue to participate in these strategic partnerships.
We are one of the largest biopharmaceutical services companies in the world, based upon annual service revenue. Headquartered near Boston, Massachusetts, we have offices in 80 locations and have approximately 18,660 employees throughout 51 countries around the world. We conduct business in healthcare markets around the world, including the United States (“U.S.”), Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), and Vietnam. During our fiscal year ended June 30, 2015 (“Fiscal Year 2015”), we derived 49% of our service revenue from our U.S. operations and 51% from our non-U.S. operations. Breakdowns of service revenue by geographic region for previous years can be found in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this annual report.

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We were incorporated in 1983 as a regulatory affairs consulting firm and are a Massachusetts corporation. Josef H. von Rickenbach, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, was a co-founder. Since our inception, we have executed a focused growth strategy embracing internal expansion as well as strategic acquisitions to expand or enhance our portfolio of services, geographic presence, therapeutic area knowledge, information technology capabilities, and client relationships.
We have completed five acquisitions over the past five fiscal years, including the acquisitions of Quantum Solutions India (“QSI”) in April 2015, ClinIntel Limited (“ClinIntel”) in October 2014, ATLAS Medical Services (“ATLAS”) in July 2014, HERON Group LTD (“HERON”) in April 2013, and LIQUENT Inc. (“LIQUENT”) in December 2012.
QSI is a leading provider of outsourced safety management solutions, or pharmacovigilance, and is being integrated into our peri- and postapproval services business unit, which is a part of Clinical Research Services ("CRS") business segment. Our acquisition of QSI strengthens and creates greater scale in our pharmacovigilance capabilities, enabling us to provide a more comprehensive, efficient, and economical solution to clients around the world.
ClinIntel, a provider of clinical randomization and trial supply management (“RTSM”) services, which are designed to make patient randomization and clinical supply chain solutions more efficient, has been combined into our ClinPhone® RTSM suite. ClinIntel's capabilities include advanced RTSM technologies for planning, forecasting and managing supply chain logistics. ClinIntel has been integrated into our PAREXEL Informatics ("PI") business segment.
Our acquisition of ATLAS, a clinical research service provider in Turkey, the Middle East and North Africa, strengthens our presence in these geographic regions.
Our acquisition of HERON strengthened our ability to offer our clients a full spectrum of services that aid in developing products with reimbursement and market access strategies.  Prior to the acquisition, HERON built one of the largest independent evidence-based consultancies and achieved a market leadership position. Our acquisition of HERON helped to enhance the portfolio of services that we provide through our PAREXEL Consulting Services (“PC”) business and enhanced our expertise in the design and implementation of Phase III/IV studies.
LIQUENT is a leading global provider of RIM solutions. By combining LIQUENT with our PI and PC business segments, we strengthened our capabilities by adding a regulatory information technology platform to provide our clients access to comprehensive regulatory agency submission planning, viewing, tracking, publishing, and registration management throughout the entire lifecycle of a product. The acquired expertise relates solely to regulatory information management outsourcing has been combined as part of our regulatory outsourcing service within the PC business segment.  
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
We provide a broad range of expertise in clinical research, medical communications, consulting, commercialization and advanced technology services to the worldwide pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. We have three reporting segments: CRS, PC, and PI.
CRS constitutes our core business and includes all phases of clinical research from “first-in-man” trials, where a medicinal entity is tested on human subjects for the first time, through post-marketing studies, following approval by the presiding regulatory body. CRS service offerings include clinical trials management, observational studies, patient/disease registries and post-marketing surveillance, data management and biostatistics, epidemiology and health economics/outcomes research, clinical logistics, pharmacovigilance, and clinical pharmacology, as well as related medical affairs, patient recruitment, and investigator site services.
PC provides technical expertise and advice in such areas as drug development, regulatory affairs, and good manufacturing practice (“GMP”) compliance consulting. In addition, PC provides a full spectrum of market development, product development, commercialization, and targeted communications services in support of product launch. PC consultants also identify alternatives and propose solutions to address clients’ product development, registration, and commercialization issues.
PI provides information technology solutions designed to improve the product development processes of our clients. PI’s portfolio of products and services includes ClinPhone® RTSM, medical imaging services, LIQUENT InSight® RIM, IMPACT® CTMS, DataLabs® EDC, web-based portals, systems integration, and patient diary applications. These solutions are sold individually or in combination, as elements of an eClinical suite.
The revenue generated by each of our business segments for each of the last three fiscal years is described below under the heading for each segment. The gross profit of each segment for each of the last three fiscal years is described in Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this annual report. We have a global infrastructure supporting our business segments and, therefore, assets are not identified by reportable segment.

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CLINICAL RESEARCH SERVICES (CRS)
Our CRS business segment generated service revenue of $1,535.4 million, or 76.2%, of our consolidated service revenue in Fiscal Year 2015, service revenue of $1,455.3 million, or 75.0%, of our consolidated service revenue in our fiscal year ended June 30, 2014 (“Fiscal Year 2014”), and service revenue of $1,303.6 million, or 75.2%, of our consolidated service revenue in our fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 (“Fiscal Year 2013”).
CRS offers complete services for the design, initiation and management of clinical trial programs, a critical element in obtaining regulatory approval for biopharmaceutical products. We have performed services in connection with clinical trials in most therapeutic areas, including: Oncology, Cardiology, Infectious Diseases, Neurology, Allergy/Immunology, Endocrinology/Metabolism, Gastroenterology, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Pulmonology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Genitourinary, Ophthalmology, and Transplantation. Our multi-disciplinary clinical trials group examines a product’s existing preclinical and clinical data to design clinical trials to provide evidence of the product’s safety and efficacy.
CRS can manage many aspects of clinical trials including: study protocol design; Case Report Form (“CRF”) design; site and investigator recruitment; patient enrollment; study monitoring and data collection; data management; biostatistics and programming; report writing; medical services; project management; and clinical logistics.
Clinical trials and observational studies are monitored and conducted by CRS in adherence with Good Clinical Practice (“GCP”) and Good Pharmacoepidemiological Practice (“GPP”), respectively. The design of efficient CRFs, detailed operations manuals, and site monitoring by our clinical research associates seek to ensure that clinical investigators and their staff follow established study protocols. We have adopted standard operating procedures (“SOPs”) that are intended to satisfy regulatory requirements and serve as a tool for controlling and enhancing the quality of our worldwide clinical services.
Clinical trials represent one of the most expensive and time-consuming parts of the overall biopharmaceutical product development process. The information generated during these trials is critical to gaining marketing approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”), the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (the “CHMP”), and other comparable regulatory agencies as well as market acceptance by clinicians, patients, and third-party payors. CRS clinical trial management services involve many phases of clinical trials, including Phases I, II, III, and IV. See “Government Regulations” below for additional information regarding processes involved in clinical trials.
Early Phase – The Early Phase business unit of CRS encompasses the early stages of clinical testing, when a product is first evaluated in humans to assess the potential safety and efficacy of the product. These tests vary from “first-in-man” to “dose-ranging” to “proof of concept” studies in Phases I and IIa of development. The Early Phase business unit of CRS offers clients a one-stop service where studies are performed in healthy volunteers as well as in patients from various disease populations. The support services include project and program management, drug development consulting, medical writing, handling of investigational products, data management, biostatistical and bioanalytical services. Our international network of Early Phase operations includes operations in Berlin, Germany; Baltimore, Maryland (U.S.); Glendale, California (U.S.); Bloemfontein, South Africa; and Harrow, U.K. Our network also includes a bioanalytical laboratory in Bloemfontein, which performs drug analyses in accordance with Good Laboratory Practices (“GLP”), a system of managed controls for laboratory and research organizations to ensure the consistency and reliability of results. With these locations, the Early Phase business unit offers clinical pharmacology services (including bioanalytical services) with more than 400 dedicated beds (cooperating partners not included) on three continents.
Phase II-III – The Phase II-III business unit of CRS encompasses the later stages of clinical testing. CRS assists clients with one or more of the aspects of clinical trials and observational studies described below. CRS performs both full-service and single- or multi-service projects. As a result, our involvement may range from participating in just one aspect of a clinical trial or observational study to participating in all aspects. These services include the following, the majority of which are also provided by our Early Phase business unit:
Study Protocol Design – The protocol defines, among other things, the medical issues a study seeks to examine and the statistical tests that will be conducted. Accordingly, the protocol specifies the frequency and type of laboratory and clinical measures that are to be tracked and analyzed, the number of patients required to produce a statistically valid result, the period of time over which such patients must be tracked and the frequency and dosage of drug administration.
CRF Design – Once the study protocol has been finalized, a paper or electronic CRF must be developed. The CRF is the critical document for collecting the necessary clinical data as dictated by the study protocol. It may change at different stages of a trial.
Site and Investigator Recruitment – The product under investigation is administered to patients usually by third-party physicians, serving as independent contractors (referred to as investigators) at hospitals, clinics, or other locations, referred to as clinical sites. Medical devices are implemented or tested by investigators in similar settings. Potential

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investigators may be identified and solicited by the product sponsor. A significant portion of a trial’s success depends on the identification and recruitment of experienced investigators with an adequate base of patients who satisfy the requirements of the study protocol. We have access to thousands of investigators who have conducted clinical trials for us. We provide additional services at the clinical site to assist physicians and expedite the clinical research process.
Patient Enrollment – The investigators, usually with our assistance, find and enroll patients suitable for the study. The speed with which trials can be completed is significantly affected by the rate at which patients are enrolled. Prospective patients are required to review information about the clinical trial and the investigational product and its possible side effects, and sign an informed consent form to record their knowledge and acceptance of potential side effects. Patients also undergo a medical examination to determine whether they meet the requirements of the study protocol. Patients then receive the product under investigation or a control (for example, a placebo) and are examined by the investigator as specified by the study protocol. Investigators are responsible for administering the products to patients, as well as examining patients and conducting necessary tests.
Study Monitoring and Data Collection – As patients are examined and tests are conducted in accordance with the study protocol and applicable regulatory requirements, data are recorded on CRFs, either electronically or paper-based. CRFs are transmitted electronically from study sites or collected by specially trained persons known as clinical monitors. To ensure that the CRFs are completed correctly and the study has been conducted in compliance with the protocol and regulatory requirements, we manage the sites closely over the telephone/internet and through monitoring visits as needed. We offer several EDC technologies, which significantly enhance both the quality and timeliness of clinical data capture and collection while achieving significant efficiency savings. Our study monitoring and data collection services are designed to comply with the adverse events reporting guidelines and related regulatory requirements of the FDA and other relevant regulatory agencies.
Data Management – Our data management professionals provide a broad array of services to support the accurate collection, organization, validation, and analysis of clinical data. For instance, they assist in the design of CRFs and investigator training manuals to ensure that data are collected in an organized and consistent format in compliance with the study protocol and applicable regulatory requirements. Databases are designed according to the analytical specifications of the project and the particular needs of the client. The use of scanning and imaging of the CRFs and the use of EDC technologies to gather and report clinical data expedites data exchange while minimizing data collection errors by permitting the verification of data integrity in a more timely manner. After the data is entered, the data management team performs an array of services, including data abstraction, data review, medical coding, serious adverse event reconciliations, loading of electronic data (such as laboratory data), database verification, and editing and resolution of data problems. The data is then submitted in a format prescribed by the client. Our CRS business segment has extensive experience throughout the world in the creation of scientific databases for all phases of the drug development process, including the creation of customized databases to meet client-specific formats, integrated databases to support new drug application (“NDA”) and equivalent submissions and databases created and maintained in compliance with FDA, European, Asian and other regulatory specifications and requirements.
Biostatistics and Programming – Our biostatistics professionals assist clients with all phases of drug development, including biostatistical consulting, database design, data analysis, and statistical reporting. These professionals develop and review protocols, design appropriate analysis plans, and design report formats to address the objectives of the study protocol as well as the client’s individual objectives. Working with programming staff, biostatisticians/epidemiologists perform appropriate analyses and produce tables, graphs, listings, and other applicable displays of results according to an analysis plan. Our biostatisticians/epidemiologists may also represent clients during panel hearings at the FDA and other regulatory agencies.
Report Writing – A description of the study conducted, along with the statistical analysis of data collected during the trial and other clinical data are presented and summarized in a final report generated for inclusion in a regulatory document.
Medical Services – Throughout the course of a development program, our physicians provide a wide range of medical research and consulting services to improve the efficiency and quality of clinical research, including medical supervision of clinical trials, medical monitoring of patient safety, review and reporting of adverse events, medical writing, and strategy and product development. Our medical services professionals also provide lifecycle drug safety services combining operational pharmacovigilance and pharmacovigilance consulting. Operational pharmacovigilance capabilities and pharmacovigilance consulting cover all phases of clinical development and drug safety for marketed products.
Project Management – Throughout the entire spectrum of activities described above, our CRS segment provides project management services. These services entail providing overall leadership to our project team, acting as the main client liaison, project planning, managing progress against study goals and deliverables, budget management, progress

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and metrics reporting, and issue resolution. These project management services are offered on all types of studies – single-service, multi-service, or full-service.
Peri/Post Approval Services The Peri/Post Approval Services business unit of CRS encompasses many services listed within the Phase II-III business unit description. However, the Peri/Post Approval Services business unit also offers a range of additional capabilities to support lifecycle management activities:
Observational Research – Observational research encompasses several study designs in which groups of patients are observed within routine clinical practice. We help our clients define the needs of their target audience(s) and to develop the best study design to meet their research objectives; define the optimal regulatory authority and ethics committee submission strategies in each country or region; and implement a study management and resourcing model trained to collect the required data in the most efficient manner and to agreed-upon standards of quality.
Pragmatic Studies - Interventional studies that utilize many of the approaches developed for observational research.
Patient-reported Outcomes – Patient reported outcome measures were developed to evaluate the impact of disease and interventions on emotional, social and physical functioning from the patient's perspective. We help our clients by advising them on the multiple variations of available tools and their appropriateness, acceptability, interpretability, precision, reliability, validity and responsiveness.
Pharmacovigilance - Our patient safety services have been specifically designed to comprehensively assist biopharmaceutical companies in meeting increasing pharmacovigilance obligations.  We have established global infrastructure in drug safety management, extensive safety consulting expertise, standalone drug safety processing and leading capabilities in post marketing authorization safety studies.
Market Access – We have the global infrastructure, multi-disciplinary expertise, and integrated technologies to help clients implement a market strategy that will quickly build brand value and establish a strong market position - all while continuing to monitor their new product’s long-term effects and manage related safety data and other regulatory information.
Clinical Trial Supplies & Logistics (“CTSL”) - The CTSL business unit of CRS encompasses a full range of end-to-end clinical trial supplies and laboratory logistics services associated with clinical trials. These services include coordinating investigational drug supply manufacturing, secondary packaging and labeling, managing import/export requirements, and managing depots, distribution, and inventory control. Additional services also include ancillary distribution, lab kit production, lab sample logistics as well as return management and destruction of unused clinical trial materials.
PAREXEL CONSULTING SERVICES (PC)
Service revenue from the PC business segment represented $216.0 million, or 10.7% of consolidated service revenue in Fiscal Year 2015, $229.8 million, or 11.9% of consolidated service revenue in Fiscal Year 2014, and $211.2 million, or 12.2% of consolidated service revenue in Fiscal Year 2013.
We conduct our PC operations through five groups:
Integrated Product Development (“IPD”) Consulting – Our IPD consulting group provides comprehensive product development and regulatory consulting services for pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies in major jurisdictions throughout the world. These services include drug and device development and regulatory strategy design, scientific and technical evaluation, writing and review services, expert liaison with the FDA, EMA and PMDA, and the preparation, review and submission of regulatory applications (both for clinical trials and for marketing authorizations) to regulatory authorities in more than 75 countries. Our IPD consulting group works closely with clients to design product development and regulatory strategies and comprehensive registration programs. Our product development and regulatory experts include individuals who have joined us from the biopharmaceutical industry and from regulatory agencies such as the FDA in the U.S. and agencies in the United Kingdom, Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden, South Korea and France. Our experts review existing published literature and regulatory precedents, evaluate the client's scientific and technical data for a product (Non-Clinical, Clinical, Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (“CMC”) and Regulatory) based on their individual and collective expertise and experience, assess the competitive and regulatory environments in specific relation to our clients’ products and business goals, identify deficiencies in client product documentation (“gap analysis”), and define the steps necessary to obtain regulatory approvals in the most expeditious manner. Through these services, we aim to help our clients obtain regulatory approval for particular products or product lines in markets around the world.
Strategic Compliance Consulting – Our Strategic Compliance Consulting group offers a range of specialized clinical and manufacturing compliance consulting services designed to help pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies achieve and maintain regulatory compliance, product quality, and process excellence. These services include clinical and manufacturing compliance strategy, assistance addressing regulatory agency enforcement

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issues, risk management, GCP, GLP, Good Tissue Practice and current GMP audits, consent decrees, pre-approval inspection readiness, process optimization, organizational alignment, and training. Our Strategic Compliance Consulting group offers its clients experienced regulatory and industry professionals – who formerly worked at the FDA or the quality departments of major biotech, pharmaceutical, and medical device companies.
Medical Communications Services (“MedCom”) – Our MedCom group assists biopharmaceutical clients in their efforts to achieve optimal market penetration for their products worldwide through expert medical communications and publications services. MedCom utilizes its expertise in strategic consultancy, market and competitive landscaping, publications planning, scientific writing, managed markets, and regulatory compliance to provide effective and compliant scientific communications to a diverse audience of provider, payer, and patient advocacy group stakeholders. An integrated communications plan can detail external and internal strategies, including communications objectives, target audiences, communications priorities and timing, key messages, key meetings and events, and target publications and media. MedCom supports marketing communication objectives across a broad spectrum of media from publications through interactive technologies. Other services include planning of meetings and exhibits in premier scientific conferences and symposia.
Commercialization Consulting Services – Our Commercialization Consulting Services group provides commercialization strategies and deliverables that assist clients in understanding how changing marketplace dynamics may impact product development, product reimbursement, patient access and commercial success. We identify, gather, analyze, and communicate data that is critical to maximizing product value and commercial success. Our service lines include strategic market access planning, systematic reviews for evidence development, economic modeling and evaluation, pricing, reimbursement strategies, global value dossier writing, and engagement with Health Technology Assessment authorities. Our acquisition of HERON has strengthened our ability to offer our clients a full spectrum of services that aid in developing products through reimbursement and market access strategies.  We help our clients better prepare their products for the market, better prepare the market for their products and demonstrate product value in the marketplace.
Regulatory Outsourcing Services - Our Regulatory Outsourcing Services group combines enabling technology, operational expertise and global regulatory intelligence to deliver high-quality cost-effective regulatory affairs and regulatory operations solutions as a functional outsourced service. These services include both pre-approval and post-approval activities ranging from compilation, publishing and dispatching of large regulatory dossiers to the authoring of routine product variations, annual reports and other product lifecycle maintenance tasks. These services are used by our clients to provide a flexible outsourcing model that yields predictable year-over-year savings and addresses regulatory complexities, increased workloads, and limited budgets facing the industry.
PAREXEL INFORMATICS (PI)
Service revenue from our PI business represented $264.7 million, or 13.1% of consolidated service revenue, in Fiscal Year 2015, $254.2 million, or 13.1% of consolidated service revenue, in Fiscal Year 2014, and $219.7 million, or 12.6% of consolidated service revenue in Fiscal Year 2013.
We conduct our PI operations through seven groups:
ClinPhone Randomization & Trial Supply Management (“ClinPhone® RTSM”) – PI provides automated randomization and logistics management through its ClinPhone® RTSM solutions. PI services include both Interactive Voice Response (“IVR”) and Interactive Web Response (“IWR”) technologies. The ClinPhone® RTSM solutions are used in clinical trials to achieve treatment group balance, eliminate selection bias, and limit the predictability of treatment allocations, all of which are designed to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. ClinPhone® RTSM allows effective real-time implementation of randomization algorithm modifications required for adaptive trial designs.
Medical Imaging Services – PI offers products and services that allow our clients to apply and manage medical imaging in clinical trials. Clinical trial sponsors increasingly rely on imaging as a surrogate endpoint in support of efficacy and safety. Our therapeutic and imaging experts provide a range of capabilities in the application of imaging techniques from early clinical development through peri-approval studies. These services include:
standardization of imaging and image management at investigative sites
image collection at a central location
development of independent review charters for review and approval by regulatory authorities
employing directly or subcontracting independent reviewers and training these reviewers on the assessment criteria and reviewer roles and responsibilities; and

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management of the logistical processes involved in the independent review
Platform Solutions (“PS”) - PS provides leading solutions consulting and services to integrate systems and processes to help companies simplify the concurrent use of the multiple technologies involved in clinical trials all with the purpose of giving clients better visibility and faster access to their data. We utilize a range of technologies including our Clinical Technology Integration Platform, which is a proprietary environment designed to facilitate seamless two-way exchange of data across different systems via reliable and repeatable integrations, our proprietary user environment which includes sophisticated reporting, analytics and visualizations, and our security technologies to manage user access to systems. PS’ services are delivered by our dedicated experts who have an in-depth understanding of advanced technologies, clinical development processes and validated system integrations.
Clinical Trial Management System (“CTMS”) – We offer CTMS solutions to assist biopharmaceutical companies with the complex process of planning and managing clinical trials. Our IMPACT® solution provides established global pharmaceutical companies and service organizations with flexible options that include hosted or on-premise solutions.
Electronic Data Capture (“EDC”) – DataLabs® EDC is a single data management system that unifies the functionality of paper data entry with the flexibility of electronic data capture (EDC). DataLabs® EDC is able to combine data collected on paper with data collected electronically into one easy-to-use electronic clinical data management platform. The collected information feeds into a single database providing clients with fully integrated data. With DataLabs® EDC, users are able to design a study, collect data using either method and then clean and manage that data using a single system.
Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes (“ePRO”) – Patient self-reported data is increasingly playing a key role in efficacy and quality of life assessment, patient recruitment, symptom and safety information and medical compliance monitoring. Our ePRO solutions provide the flexibility to choose among the most commonly used ePRO methods: IVR, Web, personal digital assistant (“PDA”), and computer tablet (“Tablet”):
IVR (Interactive Voice Response) – Our IVR platform enables ePRO delivery using the subject’s own telephone, making it highly cost-effective and simple to deploy;
Web/IWR (Interactive Web Response) – Web/IWR offers all of the advantages and benefits of IVR as subjects use any desktop or laptop connected to the Internet to securely access the ePRO application; and
PDA/Tablet – Depending on the specific characteristics of the protocol, a device-based ePRO solution may be best suited for a study.
LIQUENT Regulatory Information Management (“RIM”) –We offer software and professional service solutions designed to support the regulatory business processes of our life science clients. Our product suite, LIQUENT InSight®, is an end-to-end, integrated RIM platform. LIQUENT InSight® provides our clients with regulatory submission planning, publishing, viewing and registration management capabilities necessary to get their products to market and effectively maintain them throughout their lifespan. We also provide a full complement of flexible regulatory affairs consulting and regulatory operational outsourcing services to help our clients meet the demands of a dynamic regulatory landscape.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
We have invested in information technology designed to help us to provide high quality services, competitive and cost-effective client-facing solutions, and well-managed internal resources. We have built our solutions by developing proprietary technology as well as purchasing and integrating commercially available technology that addresses critical aspects of our business. The proprietary technology we use supports project proposals/budget generation, time information management, revenue and resource forecasting, clinical data entry and management, clinical trial management, project management, quality management, and procurement/expense processing.
We maintain an internal information technology group that is responsible for technological planning, applications development, program management, technical operations, and management of our worldwide computer infrastructure and voice and data networks. Our information systems are designed to support and reinforce all of our policies and procedures while enabling us to respond to the multiple needs of our different clients and regulatory systems. Our systems also enable us to respond quickly to client inquiries regarding progress on projects and, in some cases, to gain direct access to client data on client owned systems.
SALES AND MARKETING
Our sales and marketing personnel carry out our global business development activities. In addition to significant selling experience, most of these individuals have technical and/or scientific backgrounds. Our senior executives and project team leaders also participate in maintaining key client relationships and engaging in business development activities.

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Each of our three reporting segments has a business development team that focuses on its particular market segment. In many cases, however, the reporting segment selling teams work together in order to provide clients with the most appropriate service offering to meet their needs. Moreover, we have developed strategic account management teams to provide clients with a single point of contact and to facilitate cross-selling opportunities.
Each business development employee is generally responsible for a specific client segment or group of clients and for strengthening and expanding an effective relationship with that client. Each individual is responsible for developing his or her client base on our behalf, responding to client requests for information, developing and defending proposals, and making presentations to clients.
Our business development group is supported by our marketing team. Our marketing activities consist primarily of market information development and analysis, strategic planning, competitive analysis, brand management, collateral development, participation in industry conferences, advertising, e-marketing, publications, and website development and maintenance. The marketing team focuses both on supporting the individual business development teams for their specific market segments as well as promoting an integrated marketing strategy and communications plan for PAREXEL as a whole.
CLIENTS
We have in the past derived, and may in the future derive, a significant portion of our service revenue from both an individual client and a core group of clients. Concentrations of business in the biopharmaceutical services industry are common and we expect to continue to experience such concentration in future years due to our increasing number of strategic partnerships. Our five largest clients accounted for 44%, 47% and 50% of our consolidated service revenue in the aggregate for Fiscal Year 2015, Fiscal Year 2014, and Fiscal Year 2013, respectively. For Fiscal Year 2015, one client, Pfizer Inc. (“Pfizer”) individually accounted for 14% of our consolidated service revenue. For Fiscal Year 2014, Pfizer and Merck individually accounted for 16% and 11% of our consolidated service revenue, respectively. For Fiscal Year 2013, Pfizer and Merck individually accounted for 17% and 12% of our consolidated service revenue, respectively.
BACKLOG
Backlog represents anticipated service revenue from work not yet completed or performed under signed contracts, letters of intent, and pre-contract commitments that are supported by written communications. Once work commences, revenue is generally recognized over the life of the contract as services are provided. Backlog at June 30, 2015 was approximately $5.33 billion, compared with approximately $5.01 billion at June 30, 2014, an increase of 6.5%.
We believe that our backlog as of any date is not necessarily a meaningful predictor of future results. Projects included in backlog are subject to cancellation, revision, or delay. As detailed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section of this annual report, clients terminate, delay, or change the scope of projects for a variety of reasons including, among others, the failure of products being tested to satisfy safety requirements, unexpected or undesirable clinical results of the product, client decisions to forego a particular study, insufficient patient enrollment or investigator recruitment, or production problems resulting in shortages of the drug. Additionally, our backlog dynamic may be impacted by our strategic partnerships, which generally represent our largest customers. As a result, any delay or cancellation related to these partnerships could significantly impact the conversion of backlog into revenue. Generally, our contracts can be terminated at any time upon thirty to sixty days notice by the client.
COMPETITION
We compete with other biopharmaceutical outsourcing services companies and other clinical research organizations (“CROs”) that provide one or more of the services currently being offered by us. Some of the large biopharmaceutical services companies, such as Quintiles Transnational Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America, Pharmaceutical Product Development Inc., inVentiv Health, INC Research, PRA Health Sciences, Inc. and Icon plc, offer services that compete directly with our services at many levels.
We believe that the synergies arising from integrating the products and services offered by our different business units, coupled with our global infrastructure (and resulting rapid access to diverse patient populations and markets), technology products and services, and depth of expertise and experience differentiate us from our competitors. Although there are no guarantees that we will continue to do so, we believe that we compete favorably in all of our business areas and segments, as more fully described below.
CRS
The clinical outsourcing services industry is very fragmented, with several hundred providers offering varying levels of service, skills, and capabilities. Our CRS group primarily competes against in-house departments of pharmaceutical companies, other full service biopharmaceutical outsourcing services companies, small specialty CROs, and to a small extent, universities, teaching hospitals, and other site organizations. The primary competitors for our CRS business include Quintiles Transnational Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America, Pharmaceutical Product Development Inc., and Icon plc.

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CRS generally competes on the basis of:
a broad international presence with strategically located facilities and access to end markets;
the ability to organize and manage large-scale clinical trials on a global basis;
the ability to recruit investigators and patients expeditiously;
medical and scientific expertise in a specific therapeutic area;
quality of services;
breadth of services;
the ability to integrate information technology with systems to improve the efficiency of clinical research;
previous experience with a client or a specific therapeutic area;
the ability to manage large and complex medical databases;
the ability to provide statistical and regulatory services;
financial strength and stability; and
price.
We believe that the key competitive strengths of our CRS business are its global footprint and related rapid access to diverse patient populations, therapeutic expertise, technological expertise and its experience in global drug development.
PC
Our PC segment competes with a large and diverse group of specialty service providers, including major consulting firms with pharmaceutical industry practices, large and small biopharmaceutical services companies, individual consultants, specialty medical communications services companies, and medical communication subsidiaries of large international advertising companies.
We believe that a key differentiator of our PC service offering is our combination of scientific, regulatory and commercialization expertise. We consider PC’s key competitive strengths to include a combination of deep global expertise in early and late stage drug development, regulatory strategy and submissions, GMP compliance, reimbursement and market access consulting, and global commercialization and communications strategies. We believe that this broad range of capabilities enables us to help our clients achieve their regulatory and marketing objectives.
PI
Our PI business competes primarily with biopharmaceutical services companies, information technology companies, and software companies. Companies in this segment compete based on the strength and usability of their technology offerings, their expertise and experience, and their understanding of the clinical development process. PI’s key competitive strength is its combination of technological expertise and knowledge of clinical development. Additionally, PI’s offerings provide substantial synergies to our customers and CRS services.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our trademark “PAREXEL®” is of material importance to us. This and other trademarks have been registered in the United States and many foreign countries. The duration of trademark registrations varies from country to country. However, trademarks generally may be renewed indefinitely as long as they are in use and/or their registrations are properly maintained, and as long as they have not been found to have become generic.
EMPLOYEES
As of June 30, 2015, we had approximately 18,660 full-time equivalent employees. Approximately 27% of our employees are located in the United States and approximately 73% are located internationally. We believe that we have good relationships with our employees.
The success of our business depends upon our ability to attract and retain qualified professional, scientific, and technical staff. The level of competition among employers in the U.S. and overseas for skilled personnel, particularly those with Ph.D., M.D., or equivalent degrees, is high. We believe that our recognition as one of the leaders in our industry and, in particular, the breadth-and-depth of our expertise, are an advantage in attracting qualified candidates. In addition, we believe that the wide range of clinical trials in which we participate allows us to offer broad experience to clinical researchers.

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GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
We provide clinical trial services and diverse consulting solutions to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries worldwide. Lack of success in obtaining approval for the conduct of clinical trials in the countries in which we manage clinical trials on behalf of our clients can adversely affect us. We make no guarantees to our clients with regard to successful outcomes of the regulatory process, including the success of clinical trial applications or marketing authorization applications.
The clinical research services we provided in the U.S. are subject to established and evolving FDA regulations. We are obligated to comply with FDA requirements governing activities such as obtaining Institutional Review Board (“IRB”) approval and patient informed consents, verifying qualifications of investigators, reporting patients’ adverse reactions to products, and maintaining thorough and accurate records. We are also required to ensure that the computer systems we use to process human data from clinical trials are validated in accordance with the FDA’s electronic records regulations, 21 Code of Federal Regulations Part 11, which apply to the pharmaceutical and CRO industries when companies choose to use electronic records in lieu of paper records or electronic signatures in lieu of traditional signatures. We must maintain source documents for each trial for specified periods, and such documents may be reviewed according to GCP or GPP standards by the study sponsors and the FDA and other regulatory agencies (for example the EMA and the Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency) during audits and inspections. Non-compliance with GCP or GPP can result in the disqualification of data collected during a clinical study and in non-approval or non-clearance of a product application submitted to the FDA or other regulatory agencies around the world.
The clinical investigation of new drugs, biologics, and medical devices is highly regulated by government agencies around the world. The standard for the conduct of clinical research and development studies is embodied in GCP, a set of international standards and guidelines, which stipulate procedures designed to ensure the quality and integrity of data obtained from clinical testing, and to protect the rights and safety of clinical trial participants. The FDA and many other regulatory authorities require that study results submitted to such authorities be based on studies conducted in compliance with GCP. The European Union (“EU”) enacted the Clinical Trials Directive (the “Directive”) in 2004 in attempt to harmonize the requirements of the members of the EU regarding the conduct of clinical trials. The EU released in April 2014 a new legislation to repeal the Directive in a stepwise approach between mid-2016 and 2019 to increase the attractiveness for the conduct of clinical trials in its territory by reducing the bureaucratic burden. The regulation will not require adoption by each member country thus ensuring greater harmonization. The Directive requires sponsors of clinical trials to submit formal applications to national ethics committees and regulatory authorities prior to the initiation of clinical trials in any of the 28 Member States of the EU, and the new legislation will require submission through a portal at the EMA. The regulatory landscape in Asia and Latin America is heterogeneous, with each country independently enforcing its unique regulatory policies. This has improved with more cooperation between countries and a deeper awareness of regional and global differences in regulatory policies and practice, especially in Asia. As in the United States, clinical trials in the EU are expected to be carried out in compliance with detailed requirements for GCP. The international regulatory approval process, in the EU as well as many other countries, includes all of the risks and potential delays associated with the FDA approval process.
Because the FDA’s regulatory requirements have served as the model for much of the regulation of new drug development worldwide, regulatory requirements similar to those of the FDA exist in the other countries in which we operate. Our regulatory capabilities include knowledge of the specific regulatory requirements of numerous countries. For more than ten years, we have managed successful regulatory submissions for life science companies around the world. Beginning in 1990, the FDA and corresponding regulatory agencies of the EU and Japan commenced discussions to develop harmonized standards for preclinical and clinical studies and the format and content of applications for new drug approvals through a process known as the International Conference on Harmonisation (“ICH”) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Data from multinational studies adhering to GCP are now generally acceptable to the FDA and regulators in Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan and Latin American countries, although there can be no advance assurance that the submission of such data to any regulatory authority will result in regulatory approval for marketing of the product. The ICH process has sanctioned a single common format for drug and biologic marketing authorization applications, known as the Common Technical Document (“CTD”) in the U.S., Europe, Japan and Canada. On July 1, 2003 the CTD format became mandatory in Europe and Japan and highly recommended by the FDA in the United States and by the Canadian regulatory authorities. We have developed the expertise to prepare CTDs for our clients in both paper and electronic form.
REGULATION OF DRUGS AND BIOLOGICS
Before a new drug or biologic may be approved and marketed, the drug or biologic must undergo extensive testing and regulatory review in order to determine that the drug or biologic is safe and effective. It is not possible to estimate the time in which preclinical and Phase I, II and III studies will be completed with respect to a given product, although the time period may last many years. Using the U.S. regulatory environment as an example, the stages of this development process are generally as follows:

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Preclinical Research (approximately 1 to 3.5 years) – In vitro (“test tube”) and animal studies must be conducted in accordance with GLP to establish the relative toxicity of the drug or biologic over a wide range of doses and to detect any potential to cause a variety of adverse conditions or diseases, including birth defects or cancer. If results warrant continuing development of the drug or biologic, the results of the studies are submitted to the FDA by the manufacturer as part of an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”), which must be submitted to the FDA before proposed clinical testing can begin. An IND must include, among other things, preclinical data, CMC information, and an investigational plan, and must become effective before such trials may begin. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30-day time period, raises concerns or questions relating to one or more proposed clinical trials. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. In addition, clinical trials cannot begin at a particular study site until approved by the site's IRB, which is an independent expert body charged with protecting patient safety and privacy. As a result, there can be no assurance that submission of an IND will result in the ability to commence clinical trials.
Clinical Trials (approximately 3.5 to 6 years)
Phase I consists of basic safety and pharmacology testing in approximately 20 to 80 human subjects, usually healthy volunteers or stable patients, and includes studies to evaluate the metabolic and pharmacologic action of the product in humans, how the drug or biologic works, how it is affected by other drugs, how it is tolerated and absorbed, where it goes in the body, how long it remains active, and how it is broken down and eliminated from the body.
Phase II includes basic efficacy (effectiveness) and dose-range testing in a limited patient population (usually 100 to 200 patients) afflicted with a specific disease or condition for which the product is intended for use, further safety testing, evaluation of effectiveness, and determination of optimal dose levels, dose schedules, and routes of administration. If Phase II studies yield satisfactory results and no hold is placed on further studies by the FDA, Phase III studies can commence.
Phase III includes larger scale, multi-center, comparative clinical trials conducted with patients afflicted by a target disease, in order to provide enough data for a valid statistical test of safety and efficacy required by the FDA and others, and to provide an adequate basis for product labeling.
The FDA receives reports on the progress of each phase of clinical testing and may require the modification, suspension, or termination of clinical trials if, among other things, an unreasonable risk is presented to patients or if the design of the trial is insufficient to meet its stated objective. In addition, information about certain clinical trials must be submitted to, and made available to the public on, the government website www.clinicaltrials.gov.
NDA or Biologic License Application (“BLA”) Preparation and Submission – Upon completion of Phase III trials, the sponsor assembles the statistically analyzed data from all phases of development, along with the chemistry and manufacturing and pre-clinical data and the proposed labeling, among other things, into a single large document, the NDA or BLA in CTD format as of July 1, 2003, which today comprises, on average, roughly 100,000 pages. Typically, an NDA or BLA must be accompanied by payment of a statutory fee.
FDA Review of NDA or BLA – The FDA carefully scrutinizes data from all phases of development to confirm that the manufacturer has complied with regulations and that the drug or biologic is safe and effective for the specific use (or “indication”) under study. The FDA may refuse to accept the NDA or BLA for filing and substantive review if certain administrative and content criteria are not satisfied. Even after accepting the submission for review, the FDA may also require additional testing or information before approval of an NDA or BLA. The FDA must deny approval of an NDA or BLA if applicable regulatory requirements are not satisfied.
Post-Marketing Surveillance and Phase IV Studies – Regulatory authorities require companies to collect and periodically report additional safety and, where appropriate, benefit data on the drug or biologic for as long as the manufacturer markets the product. The FDA and other major regulatory agencies require sponsor companies to prepare risk management plans as part of their approval requirements for marketed drugs and biologics, aimed at monitoring areas of drug risk and implementing plans for minimizing their occurrence. In addition, global agencies may impose additional post-marketing study requirements as a condition of a product’s approval to confirm the safety profile or verify clinical benefit in the “real-world” clinical setting. Regulated post marketing surveillance studies are imposed by a number of national agencies for all new products launched into their market and the data used to re-evaluate the continuation of the product license. Product approval may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory requirements is not maintained or if a significant safety issue is identified that brings into question the clinical benefit relative to the emerging risks.
REGULATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES
Unless a medical device is exempted from pre-market approval or clearance requirements, which are described below, or is eligible for de novo review, FDA approval or clearance of the device is required before the product may be marketed in the United States. In order to obtain pre-market clearance for marketing, a manufacturer must demonstrate substantial equivalence to a similar legally marketed product by submitting a pre-market notification, or 510(k), to the FDA. The FDA may require

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preclinical and clinical data to support a substantial equivalence determination, and there can be no assurance the FDA will find a device substantially equivalent. Clinical trials can take extended periods of time to complete. In addition, if the FDA requires an approved Investigational Device Exemption (“IDE”) before clinical device trials may commence, there can be no guarantee that the agency will approve the IDE. The IDE approval process could also result in significant delays.
After submission of a pre-market notification containing, among other things, any data collected, the FDA may find the device substantially equivalent and the device may be marketed. After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, requires a new 510(k) clearance or could require approval of a pre-market approval application (“PMA”). If the FDA finds that a device is not substantially equivalent, the manufacturer may request that the FDA make a risk-based classification to place the device in Class I or Class II. However, if a timely request for risk-based classification is not made, or if the FDA determines that a Class III designation is appropriate, a PMA will be required before the device may be marketed.
If there is no legally marketed predicate device, a manufacturer can seek to have a device classified into Class I or Class II through the de novo review process. As a result of statutory revisions made in 2012, the de novo process can be used without first going through the 510(k) process.
The PMA approval process is lengthy, expensive, and typically requires, among other things, extensive data from preclinical testing and a well-controlled clinical trial or trials that demonstrate a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. There can be no assurance that review will result in timely, or any, PMA approval. There may also be significant conditions associated with the approval, including limitations on labeling and advertising claims and the imposition of post-market testing, tracking, or surveillance requirements. Even after approval, a new PMA or PMA supplement is required in the event of a modification to the device, its labeling or its manufacturing process. Typically, a PMA or 510(k) must be accompanied by payment of a statutory fee. In addition, information about certain clinical trials must be submitted to the government website www.clinicaltrials.gov, where it may be made publicly available.
REGULATION OF PATIENT INFORMATION
The confidentiality, security, use and disclosure of patient-specific information are subject to governmental regulation. Regulations to protect the safety and privacy of human subjects who participate in or whose data are used in clinical research generally require clinical investigators to obtain legally effective informed consent from identifiable research subjects before research is undertaken. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economics and Clinical Health (“HITECH”) Act of 2009, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has issued regulations mandating privacy and data security standards and breach notification requirements for certain types of individually identifiable health information, or protected health information, when used or disclosed by health care providers and other HIPAA-covered entities or business associates that provide services to or perform functions on behalf of these covered entities. HIPAA regulations generally require individuals’ written authorization before identifiable health information may be used for research, in addition to any required informed consent. HIPAA regulations also specify standards for de-identifying health information so that information can be handled outside of the HIPAA requirements and for creating limited data sets that can be used for research purposes under less stringent HIPAA restrictions.
Outside of the United States, many countries have enacted laws to safeguard the privacy and security of personal information, including individually identifiable health information. The member states of the European Union have adopted a rigorous system of data protection regulations, based upon a framework imposed by the 1995 European Commission Directive on Data Protection. These rules provide broad protections for personal information, including, among other things, notice requirements, limits on the scope and duration for which personal information may be maintained and processed, restrictions on disclosures of personal information, standards for providing individuals with control over the manner in which personal information is processed, and restrictions on transfers of such data to the United States and other countries that the European Union finds to lack “adequate” data protection laws of their own. Health-related information is recognized as a special, sensitive category of personal information, which may generally be processed only pursuant to the affirmative, or opt-in, consent of the individual to whom the information pertains. Violations of these data protection regulations are subject to administrative penalties, civil money penalties, and criminal prosecution, including corporate fines and personal liability.
In order to comply with these laws and regulations, we must maintain internal compliance policies and procedures, and we may need to implement new privacy and security measures, which may require us to make substantial expenditures or cause us to limit the products and services we offer. In addition, if we violate applicable laws, regulations, contractual commitments, or other duties relating to the use, privacy or security of health information, we could be subject to civil liability or criminal penalties and it may be necessary to modify our business practices.
REGULATION OF HEALTH INDUSTRY ARRANGEMENTS
Since the United States Medicare program will pay for certain costs of qualifying clinical drug trials, as well as certain reasonable and necessary items and services used to diagnose and treat complications arising from participation in clinical

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trials, the conduct of such trials may be subject to laws and regulations that are intended to prevent misuse of such government health care program funding. In the U.S., these laws include, among others, the False Claims Act, which prohibits submitting or causing the submission of false statements or improper claims for government health care program payments; the so-called Stark physician self-referral law, which prohibits physicians from referring or billing for certain designated health services performed or provided by an entity from which the physician or an immediate family member receives financial compensation, or in which the physician or an immediate family member has a financial compensation, investment, or ownership interest; and the health care anti-kickback law, which prohibits paying, offering to pay, or receiving payment in exchange for the referral of services or devices that are covered under a federal health care program, and which therefore restrict the permissibility of financial and promotional arrangements with patients, physicians, investigators, and study sites, such as, for example, financial incentives for physicians to enroll study participants or for patients, investigators or study sites to participate in a trial. Violations of these restrictions are subject to potentially severe administrative, civil and criminal penalties that could have a substantial and material adverse effect on our business, our reputation, and our continued ability to offer our biopharmaceutical outsourcing services.
POTENTIAL LIABILITIES AND INSURANCE
Our clinical research services focus on the testing of experimental drugs and devices on human volunteers pursuant to study protocols and in accordance with laws and regulations which govern clinical trials. Clinical research involves a risk of liability for personal injury or death to patients due to, among other reasons, possible unforeseen adverse side effects or improper administration of the new drug or medical device. We do not generally provide health care services directly to patients. Rather, our physicians or third party physician investigators are responsible for administering drugs and evaluating the study patients. Many of the patients enrolled in clinical trials are already seriously ill and are at risk of further illness or death.
We believe that the risk of liability to patients in clinical trials is mitigated by various regulatory requirements, including the role of IRBs, the need to obtain each patient’s informed consent, and the oversight by applicable regulatory authorities. The FDA, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom, and regulatory authorities in other countries require each human clinical trial to be reviewed and approved by the IRB at each study site. An IRB is an independent ethics committee that includes both medical and non-medical personnel and is obligated to protect the interests of patients enrolled in the trial. The IRB approves and monitors the protocol and the measures designed to protect patients, such as the requirement to obtain informed consents.
To reduce our potential liability, we generally seek to incorporate indemnity provisions into our contracts with clients to protect us from liability for adverse reactions to the study drug as well as any negligent acts by the study sponsor and/or third party physician investigators. These indemnity provisions do not, however, protect us against certain of our own actions, such as those involving negligence. Moreover, these indemnities are contractual arrangements that are subject to negotiation with individual clients, and the terms and scope of such indemnities can vary from client to client and from study to study. Finally, the financial performance of these indemnities is not secured; therefore we bear the risk that an indemnifying party may not have the financial ability to fulfill its indemnification obligations. We could be materially and adversely affected if we were required to pay damages or incur defense costs in connection with an uninsured claim that is outside the scope of an indemnity or where an indemnification obligation, although applicable, is not performed in accordance with its terms.
We currently maintain a portfolio of insurance coverage, including a professional liability insurance policy, subject to deductibles and coverage limits. There can be no assurance that this insurance coverage will be adequate, or that insurance coverage will continue to be available on terms acceptable to us.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Our Internet website is http://www.parexel.com. We make available through this website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). We make these reports available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Any materials we file with the SEC may also be read and copied at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and, in particular, the description of our Business set forth in Part I, Item 1 and our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth in Part II, Item 7 (“MD&A”) contain or incorporate a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act.
Any statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this report that are not statements of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by use of the words “believes,”

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“expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “intends,” “estimates”, and other similar expressions, whether in the negative or affirmative. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate and management’s beliefs and assumptions and should be read in conjunction with our MD&A and our consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements. We cannot guarantee that we actually will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements made. There are a number of important risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, those set forth in this annual report under the heading “Risk Factors” as well as risks that emerge from time to time that are not possible for us to predict. Forward-looking statements, like all statements in this annual report, speak only as of the date of this annual report (unless another date is indicated). We disclaim any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to other information in this report, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our company and our business. Additional risks not currently known to us or other factors not perceived by us to present significant risk to our business at this time also may impair our business operations.
Risks Associated with our Business and Operations
The loss, modification, or delay of large or multiple contracts or a strategic partner may negatively impact our financial performance.
Our clients generally can terminate their contracts with us upon 30 to 60 days' notice or can delay the execution of services. The loss or delay of a large contract or the loss or delay of multiple contracts could adversely affect our operating results, possibly materially. We have in the past experienced large contract cancellations and delays, which have adversely affected our operating results. The loss of a strategic partner could potentially have a material adverse effect on our business and financial statements.
Clients may terminate or delay their contracts for a variety of reasons, including:
failure of products being tested to satisfy safety requirements;
failure of products being tested to satisfy efficacy criteria;
products having unexpected or undesired clinical results;
client cost reductions as a result of budgetary limits or changing priorities;
client decisions to forego a particular study, perhaps for economic reasons;
merger or potential merger related activities involving the client;
insufficient patient enrollment in a study;
insufficient investigator recruitment;
clinical drug manufacturing problems resulting in shortages of the product;
product withdrawal following market launch; and
shut down of manufacturing facilities.
An unfavorable economic environment may negatively impact our financial performance as a result of client defaults and other factors.
Our ability to attract and retain clients, invest in and grow our business and meet our financial obligations depends on our operating and financial performance, which, in turn, is subject to numerous factors. In addition to factors specific to our business, prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, political and other factors beyond our control can also affect us. These factors include slow global economic growth, the credit market crisis and European debt crisis, uncertainty relating to the Euro, high levels of unemployment globally, reduced levels of capital expenditures, changes in government fiscal and monetary policies, government deficit reduction and budget negotiation dynamics, sequestration, other austerity measures and other challenges affecting the global economy. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in Europe, the United States or other key markets, remain uncertain, persist, or deteriorate further, demand for our services could decline, and we may experience material adverse impacts on our business, operating results, and financial condition. We cannot anticipate all the ways in which the current economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.
We are exposed to risks associated with reduced profitability and the potential financial instability of our clients, many of which may be adversely affected by volatile conditions in the financial markets, the economy in general and disruptions to the demand for health care services and pharmaceuticals. These conditions could cause clients to experience reduced profitability and/or cash flow problems that could lead them to modify, delay, cancel or fail to make payment under contracts with us, including contracts included in our current backlog.
Some of our clients are not revenue-generating entities at this time and rely upon equity and debt investments and other external sources of capital to meet their cash requirements. Due to the poor condition of the current global economy and other factors outside of our control, these clients may lack the funds necessary to pay outstanding liabilities due to us, despite contractual obligations. For example, in the second quarter of our fiscal year ended June 30, 2009 (“Fiscal Year 2009”), one of our biopharma clients informed us that it had encountered funding difficulties when one of its major investors defaulted on a contractual investment commitment, and that, as a result, the client would be unable to make payments due to us in connection with an on-going service contract for a large Phase III clinical trial. Consequently, we recorded approximately $14.0 million in

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reserves related to this late-stage trial, including $12.3 million in bad debt reserves. In Fiscal Year 2012, we recovered $2.3 million of proceeds from the final bankruptcy settlement. It is possible that similar situations could arise in the future, and such defaults could negatively affect our financial performance, possibly materially.
We face risks arising from the restructuring of our operations.
In June 2015, we adopted a plan (the “Margin Acceleration Program”) to restructure our operations to improve the productivity and efficiency of the Company, simplify the organization, and streamline decision-making, thereby enhancing client engagement. For Fiscal Year 2015, we recorded $20.0 million in restructuring charges related to the Margin Acceleration Program, which consisted entirely of employee separation benefits. If we incur additional restructuring charges, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted.
Restructuring presents significant potential risks of events occurring that could adversely affect us, including a decrease in employee morale, the failure to achieve targeted cost savings and the failure to meet operational targets and customer requirements due to the loss of employees and any work stoppages that might occur.
The fixed price nature of our contracts or failure to document changes to work orders could hurt our operating results.
The Majority of our contracts are fixed price. If we fail to accurately price our contracts, if we experience significant cost overruns that are not recovered from our clients, or if we do not properly document changes to work orders under existing contracts, our gross margins on the contracts would be reduced and we could lose money on contracts. In the past, we have had to commit unanticipated resources to complete projects, resulting in lower gross margins on those projects. We might experience similar situations in the future.
If we are unable to attract suitable investigators and volunteers for our clinical trials, our clinical development business might suffer.
The clinical research studies we run in our CRS segment rely upon the ready accessibility and willing participation of physician investigators and volunteer subjects. Investigators are typically located at hospitals, clinics or other sites and supervise administration of the study drug to patients during the course of a clinical trial. Volunteer subjects generally include people from the communities in which the studies are conducted, and the rate of completion of clinical trials is significantly dependent upon the rate of participant enrollment.
Our clinical research development business could be adversely affected if we were unable to attract suitable and willing investigators or volunteers on a consistent basis. If we are unable to obtain sufficient patient enrollment or investigators to conduct clinical trials as planned, we might need to expend substantial additional funds to obtain access to resources or else be compelled to delay or modify our plans significantly. These considerations might result in our inability to successfully achieve projected development timelines as agreed with trial sponsors. In rare cases, it potentially may even lead us to recommend that trial sponsors terminate ongoing clinical trials or development of a product for a particular indication.
We rely on third parties and the transportation industry for important services.
We depend on third parties to provide us with products and services critical to our business. The failure of any of these third parties to adequately provide the needed products and services including, without limitation, transportation services, could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our clinical logistics services and other businesses are also heavily reliant on air travel for transport of clinical trial kits and other material, research products, and people, and a significant disruption to the air travel system, or our access to it, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If our business, including PI, is unable to maintain continuous, effective, reliable and secure operation of its computer hardware, software and internet applications and related tools and functions, its business will be harmed.
Our PI business involves collecting, managing, manipulating and analyzing large amounts of data and communicating data via the Internet. In our PI business, we depend on the continuous, effective, reliable and secure operation of computer hardware, software, networks, telecommunication networks, Internet servers and related infrastructure. If the hardware or software malfunctions or access to data by internal research personnel or customers through the Internet is interrupted, our PI business could suffer. In addition, any sustained disruption in Internet access provided by third parties could adversely impact our PI business.
Although the computer and communications hardware used in our PI business is protected through physical and software safeguards, it is still vulnerable to fire, storm, flood, power loss, earthquakes, telecommunications failures, physical or software break-ins, and similar events. And while certain of our operations have appropriate disaster recovery plans in place, we currently do not have redundant facilities everywhere in the world to provide IT capacity in the event of a system failure. In addition, the PI software products are complex and sophisticated, and could contain data, design or software errors that could be difficult to detect and correct. If PI fails to maintain and further develop the necessary computer capacity and data to support the needs of our PI customers, it could result in a loss of or a delay in revenue and market acceptance. Additionally, significant

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delays in the planned delivery of system enhancements or inadequate performance of the systems once they are completed could damage our reputation and harm our business.
Finally, long-term disruptions to infrastructure caused by events such as natural disasters, the outbreak of war, the escalation of hostilities, and acts of terrorism (particularly in areas where we have offices) could adversely affect our businesses. Although we carry property and business interruption insurance, our coverage may not be adequate to compensate us for all losses that may occur.
Our business is subject to international economic, political, and other risks that could negatively affect our results of operations or financial position.
We provide most of our services on a worldwide basis. Our service revenue from non-U.S. operations represented approximately 51% and 53% of total consolidated service revenue for Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2014, respectively. More specifically, for Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2014, our service revenue from operations in Europe, the Middle East and Africa represented 34% and 37%, respectively, of total consolidated service revenue. Our service revenue from operations in the Asia/Pacific region represented 13% and 13% of total consolidated service revenue for the respective periods. Accordingly, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including:
changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions, including Western Europe, in particular;
the outbreak of war or hostilities in specific geographic regions, including the Ukraine, Russia and the Middle East;
potential negative impact from changes in tax laws affecting any repatriation of profits;
difficulty in staffing and managing widespread operations;
unfavorable labor regulations applicable to our European or other international operations;
changes in foreign currency exchange rates; and
the need to ensure compliance with the numerous regulatory and legal requirements applicable to our business in each jurisdiction and to maintain an effective compliance program to ensure compliance.
Our operating results are impacted by the health of the global and local economies in which we operate. Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by current and future economic conditions that cause a decline in business and consumer spending, including a reduction in the availability of credit, rising interest rates, financial market volatility and recession.
If we cannot retain our highly qualified management and technical personnel, our business would be harmed.
We rely on the expertise of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Josef H. von Rickenbach, and our President and Chief Operating Officer, Mark A. Goldberg, and it would be difficult and expensive to find qualified replacements who have a comparable level of specialized knowledge of our products and services and the biopharmaceutical outsourcing services industry. While we are a party to an employment agreement with Mr. von Rickenbach, it may be terminated by either party at any time upon notice to the counterparty.
In addition, in order to compete effectively, we must attract and retain qualified sales, professional, scientific, and technical operating personnel. Competition for these skilled personnel, particularly those with a medical degree, a Ph.D. or equivalent degrees, or industry specific expertise, is intense. We may not be successful in attracting or retaining key personnel.
Risks Associated with our Financial Results
Our operating results have fluctuated between quarters and years and may continue to fluctuate in the future, which could affect the price of our common stock.
Our quarterly and annual operating results have varied and will continue to vary in the future as a result of a variety of factors. For example, our income from operations totaled $39.3 million for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015, $54.2 million for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2015, $53.9 million for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2014, $53.6 million for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2014, and $58.8 million for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2014. Our income from operations for the Fiscal Years ended June 30 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively, totaled $199.9 million, $199.5 million and $136.1 million. Factors that cause these variations include:
the level of new business authorizations in particular quarters or years;
the timing of the initiation, progress, or cancellation of significant projects;
foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between quarters or years;
restructuring charges;

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the mix of services offered in a particular quarter or year;
the timing of the opening of new offices or internal expansion;
timing, costs and the related financial impact of acquisitions;
the timing and amount of costs associated with integrating acquisitions;
the timing and amount of startup costs incurred in connection with the introduction of new products, services or subsidiaries;
the dollar amount of changes in contract scope finalized during a particular period; and
the amount of any reserves we are required to record.
We do not control many of these factors, such as the timing of cancellations of significant projects and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between quarters or years.
If our operating results do not match the expectations of securities analysts and investors, the trading price of our common stock will likely decrease.
Backlog may not result in revenue.
Our backlog is not necessarily a meaningful predictor of future results because backlog can be affected by a number of factors, including the size and duration of contracts, many of which are performed over several years. Additionally, as described above, contracts relating to our clinical development business are subject to early termination by the client, and clinical trials can be delayed or canceled for many reasons, including unexpected test results, safety concerns, regulatory developments or economic issues. Also, the scope of a contract can be reduced significantly during the course of a study. If the scope of a contract is revised, the adjustment to backlog occurs when the revised scope is approved by the client. For these and other reasons, we do not fully realize our entire backlog as service revenue.
Our revenue and earnings are exposed to exchange rate fluctuations, which have substantially affected our operating results.
Our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars. Because we conduct a significant portion of our operations in foreign countries, changes in foreign currency exchange rates could have and have had a significant effect on our operating results. Exchange rate fluctuations between local currencies and the U.S. dollar create risk in several ways, including:
Foreign Currency Translation Risk. The revenue and expenses of our foreign operations are generally denominated in local currencies, primarily the Euro and the pound sterling, and are translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. For Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2014, our Euro denominated service revenue accounted for approximately 12.2% and 13.7% of consolidated service revenue, respectively. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates between relevant foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar will affect the translation of foreign results into U.S. dollars for purposes of reporting our consolidated financial results.
Foreign Currency Transaction Risk. We may be subjected to foreign currency transaction risk when our foreign subsidiaries enter into contracts or incur liabilities denominated in a currency other than the foreign subsidiary's functional (local) currency. We also may be subject to foreign currency transaction risk based upon our internal contracts and the extent of work performed in a particular region. To the extent that we are unable to shift the effects of currency fluctuations to our clients, foreign currency exchange losses as a result of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Although we try to limit these risks through the inclusion of exchange rate fluctuation provisions stated in our service contracts or by hedging transaction risk with foreign currency exchange contracts, we do not succeed in all cases. Even in those cases in which we are successful, we may still experience fluctuations in financial results from our operations outside of the United States, and we may not be able to reduce the currency transaction risk associated with our service contracts.
Our effective income tax rate may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which may affect our earnings and earnings per share.
Our quarterly effective income tax rate is influenced by our annual projected profitability in the various taxing jurisdictions in which we operate. Changes in the distribution of profits and losses among taxing jurisdictions may have a significant impact on our effective income tax rate, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our net income and earnings per share. Factors that affect the effective income tax rate include, but are not limited to:
the requirement to exclude from our quarterly worldwide effective income tax calculations losses in jurisdictions in which no tax benefit can be recognized;
the repatriation of foreign earnings to the United States;

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actual and projected full-year pretax income;
changes in tax laws in various taxing jurisdictions;
audits by taxing authorities; and
the establishment of valuation allowances against deferred tax assets if it is determined that it is more likely than not that future tax benefits will not be realized.
These changes may cause fluctuations in our effective income tax rate that could cause fluctuation in our earnings and earnings per share, which could affect our stock price.
Our results of operations may be adversely affected by the results of regulatory tax examinations.
We are subject to value added tax, customs tax, sales and use tax, withholding tax, payroll tax, income tax, and other taxes as a result of the operations of our business. The regulators from the various jurisdictions in which we operate periodically perform audits. In the conduct of such audits, we may be required to disclose information of a sensitive nature and, in general, to modify the way we conduct business with our vendors and customers as compared to our prior practices, which may affect our business in an adverse manner. We are also regularly subject to, and are currently undergoing, audits by tax authorities in the United States and foreign jurisdictions for prior tax years. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable and we intend to defend our positions through litigation if necessary, the final outcome of tax audits and related litigation is inherently uncertain and could be materially different than that reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Moreover, we could be subject to assessments of substantial additional taxes and/or fines or penalties relating to ongoing or future audits. The adverse resolution of any audits or litigation could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our goodwill or intangible assets are impaired.
As of June 30, 2015, our total assets included $497.0 million of goodwill and net intangible assets. We assess the realizability of our indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill annually as well as whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired. These events or changes in circumstances generally include operating losses or a significant decline in earnings associated with the acquired business or asset. Our ability to realize the value of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets will depend on the future cash flows of the underlying businesses. These cash flows may be impacted by how well we have integrated these businesses. If we are not able to realize the value of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, we may be required to incur material charges relating to the impairment of those assets.
Changes to our computer operating systems, programs or software could adversely impact our business.
We may make changes to our existing computer operating systems, programs and/or software in an effort to increase our operating efficiency and/or deliver better value to our clients. Such changes may cause disruptions to our operations and have an adverse impact on our business in the short term.
Our business has experienced substantial expansion in the past and such expansion and any future expansion could strain our resources if not properly managed.
We have expanded our business substantially in the past. Future rapid expansion could strain our operational, human and financial resources. In order to manage expansion, we must:
continue to improve operating, administrative, and information systems;
accurately predict future personnel and resource needs to meet client contract commitments;
track the progress of ongoing client projects; and
attract and retain qualified management, sales, professional, scientific and technical operating personnel.
If we do not take these actions and are not able to manage the expanded business, the expanded business may be less successful than anticipated. We may be required to allocate existing or future resources to the expanded business, that in either case, we would have otherwise allocated to another part of our business.
If we are unable to successfully execute our acquisition strategies and successfully integrate acquired businesses, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.
Historically our growth strategy has been based in part on our ability to acquire existing businesses, services or technologies. We do not know whether in the future we will be able to:
identify suitable businesses or technologies to buy;
complete the purchase of any such businesses or technologies on terms acceptable to us;
successfully integrate the operations of acquired businesses into our own;

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obtain financing necessary for an acquisition at all or on commercially acceptable terms; or
retain key personnel and customers of acquired businesses.
We compete with other potential buyers for the acquisition of existing businesses and technology. This competition may result in fewer opportunities to purchase companies that are for sale. It may also result in higher purchase prices for the businesses that we want to purchase. We may also spend time and money investigating and negotiating with potential acquisition targets but not complete the transaction. Any future acquisition could involve other risks, including the assumption of additional liabilities and expenses, issuances of potentially dilutive securities or interest-bearing debt, transaction costs, and diversion of management's attention from other business concerns.
In addition if we are unable to successfully integrate an acquired company, the acquisition could lead to disruptions to our business. In July 2014, we acquired ATLAS Medical Services, a provider of clinical research services in Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa. In October 2014, we acquired ClinIntel, a provider of clinical RTSM services, based in the United Kingdom. In April 2015, we acquired Quantum Solutions India, a provider of specialized pharmacovigilance services, based in Chandigarh, India. If we fail to integrate any of these businesses, or any businesses that we acquire in the future, it could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The success of our acquisition strategy will depend upon, among other things, our ability to:
assimilate the operations and services or products of the acquired company;
integrate acquired personnel;
retain and motivate key employees;
retain customers;
identify and manage risks facing the acquired company; and
minimize the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns.
Acquisitions of companies outside of the United States may also involve additional risks, including assimilating differences in foreign business practices and overcoming language and cultural barriers.
In the event that the operations of an acquired business do not meet our performance expectations, we may have to restructure the acquired business or write-off the value of some or all of the assets of the acquired business.
Our failure to execute our acquisition strategies, including the identification of potential acquisitions, completing targeted acquisitions, and integrating completed acquisitions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Associated with our Industry
We depend on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, either or both of which may suffer in the short or long term.
Our revenues depend greatly on the expenditures made by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in research and development. In some instances, companies in these industries are reliant on their ability to raise capital in order to fund their research and development projects. Accordingly, economic factors and industry trends that affect our clients in these industries also affect our business. If companies in these industries were to reduce the number of research and development projects they conduct or outsource, our business could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, we are dependent upon the ability and willingness of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to continue to spend on research and development and to outsource the services that we provide. We are therefore subject to risks, uncertainties and trends that affect companies in these industries. We have benefited to date from the tendency of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to outsource clinical research projects, but any downturn in these industries or reduction in spending or outsourcing could adversely affect our business. For example, if these companies expanded upon their in-house clinical or development capabilities, they would be less likely to utilize our services.
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have been entering into strategic partnerships with clinical research organizations in recent years. To the extent we are not selected or do not otherwise enter into a strategic partnership with a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company, future business with that company may be limited.
Because we depend on a small number of industries and there is a concentration of large clients in those industries, the loss of business from a significant client could harm our business, revenue and financial condition.
The loss of, or a material reduction in the business of, a significant client could cause a substantial decrease in our revenue and adversely affect our business and financial condition, possibly materially. In Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013, our five largest

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clients accounted for approximately 44%, 47%, and 50% of our consolidated service revenue, respectively. In Fiscal Year 2015, our largest client individually accounted for 14% of our consolidated service revenue, and in Fiscal Year 2014, our two largest clients individually accounted for 16% and 11% of our consolidated service revenue. In Fiscal Year 2016, we expect that a small number of clients will continue to represent a significant part of our consolidated revenue. This concentration may increase as a result of the increasing number of strategic partnerships into which we have been entering with sponsors. Our contracts with these clients generally can be terminated at any time on short notice. We have in the past experienced contract cancellations with significant clients. If we lose clients, we may not be able to attract new ones, and if we lose individual projects, we may not be able to replace them.
In addition, the portion of our backlog that consists of large, multi-year awards from strategic partnerships has grown in recent years and this trend may continue in the future. A higher concentration of backlog from strategic partnerships may result in an imbalance across our project portfolio among projects in the start-up phase, which typically generate lower revenue, and projects in later stages, which typically generate higher revenue. This in turn may cause fluctuations in our revenue and profitability from period to period.
We face intense competition in many areas of our business; if we do not compete effectively, our business will be harmed.
The biopharmaceutical services industry is highly competitive, and we face numerous competitors in many areas of our business. If we fail to compete effectively, we may lose clients, which would cause our business to suffer.
We primarily compete against in-house departments of pharmaceutical companies, other full service clinical research organizations (“CROs”), small specialty CROs, and, to a lesser extent, universities, teaching hospitals, and other site organizations. Some of the larger CROs against which we compete include Quintiles Transnational Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America, Pharmaceutical Product Development Inc., INC research, PRA Health Sciences and Icon plc. In addition, our PC business competes with a large and fragmented group of specialty service providers, including advertising/promotional companies, major consulting firms with pharmaceutical industry groups and smaller companies with pharmaceutical industry focus. PI competes primarily with CROs, information technology companies and other software companies. Some of these competitors, including the in-house departments of pharmaceutical companies, have greater capital, technical and other resources than we have. In addition, our competitors that are smaller specialized companies may compete effectively against us because of their concentrated size and focus.
In recent years, a number of the large pharmaceutical companies have established formal or informal alliances with one or more CROs relating to the provision of services for multiple trials over extended time periods. Our success depends in part on successfully establishing and maintaining these alliances. If we fail to do so, our revenue and results of operations could be adversely affected, possibly materially.
If we do not keep pace with rapid technological changes, our products and services may become less competitive or obsolete, especially in our PI business.
The biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical device industries generally, and clinical research specifically, are subject to increasingly rapid technological changes. Our competitors or others might develop technologies, products or services that are more effective or commercially attractive than our current or future technologies, products or services, or render our technologies, products or services less competitive or obsolete. If our competitors introduce superior technologies, products or services and we cannot make enhancements to our technologies, products and services necessary to remain competitive, our competitive position would be harmed. If we are unable to compete successfully, we may lose clients or be unable to attract new clients, which could lead to a decrease in our revenue.
Risks Associated with Regulation or Legal Liabilities
If governmental regulation of the drug, medical device and biotechnology industry changes, the need for our services could decrease.
Governmental regulation of the drug, medical device and biotechnology product development process is complicated, extensive, and demanding. A large part of our business involves assisting pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies through the regulatory approval process. Changes in regulations that, for example, streamline procedures or relax approval standards, could eliminate or reduce the need for our services. If companies regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or similar foreign regulatory authorities needed fewer of our services, we would have fewer business opportunities and our revenues would decrease, possibly materially.
In the United States, the FDA and the Congress have attempted to streamline the regulatory process by providing for industry user fees that fund the hiring of additional reviewers and better management of the regulatory review process. In Europe, governmental authorities have approved common standards for clinical testing of new drugs throughout the European Union by adopting standards for Good Clinical Practices (“GCP”) and by making the clinical trial application and approval process more

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uniform across member states. The FDA has had GCP in place as a regulatory standard and requirement for new drug approval for many years, and Japan adopted GCP in 1998.
The United States, Europe and Japan have also collaborated for over 15 years on the International Conference on Harmonisation (“ICH”), the purpose of which is to eliminate duplicative or conflicting regulations in the three regions. The ICH partners have agreed on a common format (the Common Technical Document) for new drug marketing applications that reduces the need to tailor the format to each region. Such efforts and similar efforts in the future that streamline the regulatory process may reduce the demand for our services.
Parts of our PC business advise clients on how to satisfy regulatory standards for manufacturing and clinical processes and on other matters related to the enforcement of government regulations by the FDA and other regulatory bodies. Any reduction in levels of review of manufacturing or clinical processes or levels of regulatory enforcement, generally, would result in fewer opportunities for our business in this area.
If we fail to comply with existing regulations, our reputation and operating results would be harmed.
Our business is subject to numerous governmental regulations, primarily relating to worldwide pharmaceutical and medical device product development and regulatory approval, the conduct of clinical trials, and limitations on activities relating to delivery of health care items or services that are paid for with government health care program funding. In addition, we may be obligated to comply with or to assist our clients in complying with regulations that apply to our clients, including the Physician Payment Sunshine Act, which will require manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report all payments or transfers of value to health care providers and teaching hospitals. If we fail to comply with these governmental regulations, such non-compliance could result in the termination of our ongoing research, development or sales and marketing projects, or the disqualification of data for submission to regulatory authorities. We also could be barred from providing clinical trial services in the future or could be subjected to civil monetary penalties or, in certain cases, criminal fines and penalties. Any of these consequences would harm our reputation, our prospects for future work and our operating results. In addition, we may have to repeat research or redo trials. If we are required to repeat research or redo trials, we may be contractually required to do so at no further cost to our clients, but at substantial cost to us.
We may lose business opportunities as a result of healthcare reform and the expansion of managed-care organizations.
Numerous governments, including the U.S. government, have undertaken efforts to control growing healthcare costs through legislation, regulation and voluntary agreements with medical care providers and drug companies. In March 2010, the United States Congress enacted healthcare reform legislation intended over time to expand health insurance coverage and impose health industry cost containment measures. The continuing implementation of this legislation may significantly impact the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, this legislation and its implementation continue to face challenges in Congress and federal courts, and from certain state governments, opposition advocacy groups and some small business organizations, and we are uncertain as to the effects of this legislation on our business and are unable to predict what legislative proposals will be adopted in the future. The U.S. Congress has also considered and may adopt legislation that could have the effect of putting downward pressure on the prices that pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can charge for prescription drugs. In addition, various state legislatures and European and Asian governments may consider various types of healthcare reform in order to control growing healthcare costs. We are presently uncertain as to the effects of the enacted legislation on our business and are unable to predict what legislative proposals will be adopted in the future, if any.
If these efforts are successful, drug, medical device and biotechnology companies may react by spending less on research and development. If this were to occur, we would have fewer business opportunities and our revenue could decrease, possibly materially. In addition, new laws or regulations may create a risk of liability, increase our costs or limit our service offerings.
In addition to healthcare reform proposals, the expansion of managed-care organizations in the healthcare market and managed-care organizations’ efforts to cut costs by limiting expenditures on pharmaceuticals and medical devices could result in pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies spending less on research and development. If this were to occur, we would have fewer business opportunities and our revenue could decrease, possibly materially.
We may have substantial exposure to payment of personal injury claims and may not have adequate insurance to cover such claims.
Our CRS business primarily involves the testing of experimental drugs and medical devices on consenting human volunteers pursuant to a study protocol. Clinical research involves a risk of liability for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to:
personal injury or death to patients who participate in the study or who use a product approved by regulatory authorities after the clinical research has concluded;
general risks associated with our Early Phase facilities, including professional malpractice of physicians, nurses and other medical care providers; and

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errors and omissions during a trial that may undermine the usefulness of a trial or data from the trial or study.
In order to mitigate the risk of liability, we seek to include indemnification provisions in our CRS contracts with clients and with investigators. However, we are not able to include indemnification provisions in all of our contracts. In addition, even if we are able to include an indemnification provision in our contracts, the indemnification provisions may not cover our exposure if:
we had to pay damages or incur defense costs in connection with a claim that is outside the scope of an indemnification agreement; or
a client failed to indemnify us in accordance with the terms of an indemnification agreement because it did not have the financial ability to fulfill its indemnification obligation or for any other reason.
In addition, contractual indemnifications generally do not protect us against liability arising from certain of our own actions, such as negligence or misconduct.
We also carry insurance to cover our risk of liability. However, our insurance is subject to deductibles and coverage limits and may not be adequate to cover claims. In addition, liability coverage is expensive. In the future, we may not be able to maintain or obtain the same levels of coverage on reasonable terms, at a reasonable cost, or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses due to claims.
Existing and proposed laws and regulations regarding confidentiality of patients’ and other individuals’ personal information could result in increased risks of liability or increased cost to us or could limit our product and service offerings.
The confidentiality, security, use and disclosure of patient-specific information are subject to governmental regulation. Regulations to protect the safety and privacy of human subjects who participate in or whose data are used in clinical research generally require clinical investigators to obtain legally effective informed consent from identifiable research subjects before research is undertaken. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (“HITECH”) Act of 2009, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has issued regulations mandating privacy and data security standards and breach notification requirements for certain types of individually identifiable health information, or protected health information, when used or disclosed by health care providers and other HIPAA-covered entities or business associates that provide services to or perform functions on behalf of these covered entities. HIPAA regulations generally require individuals’ written authorization before identifiable health information may be used for research, in addition to any required informed consent. HIPAA regulations also specify standards for de-identifying health information so that information can be handled outside of the HIPAA requirements and for creating limited data sets that can be used for research purposes under less stringent HIPAA restrictions.
The European Union and its member states, as well as other countries, such as Canada, Argentina, Japan and other Asian countries, and state governments in the United States, have adopted and continue to implement new medical privacy and general data protection laws and regulations. In those countries, collecting, processing, using and transferring an individual’s personal data is subject to specific requirements, such as obtaining explicit consent, processing the information for limited purposes and restrictions with respect to cross-border transfers. Many countries and almost all states in the United States have adopted data security breach laws that require the user of such data to inform the affected individuals and, in some cases, government authorities and the general public of security breaches. In order to comply with these laws and regulations and corresponding contractual demands from our clients, we must maintain internal compliance policies and procedures, and we may need to implement new privacy and security measures, which may require us to make substantial expenditures or cause us to limit the products and services we offer. In addition, if we violate applicable laws, regulations, contractual commitments, or other duties relating to the use, privacy or security of health information, we could be subject to civil liability or criminal penalties and it may be necessary to modify our business practices.
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and delays in completing our internal controls and financial audits, could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
If we fail to achieve and maintain effective internal controls, we will not be able to conclude that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, and delays in completing our internal controls and financial audits, could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and our company, which could result in a decline in the market price of our common stock, and cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations in the future, which in turn could impact our ability to raise equity financing if needed in the future.

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We operate in many different jurisdictions and we could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-corruption laws.
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar worldwide anti-corruption laws, including the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our internal policies mandate compliance with these anti-corruption laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree, and in certain circumstances, anti-corruption laws have appeared to conflict with local customs and practices. Despite our training and compliance programs, we cannot assure that our internal control policies and procedures always will protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by persons associated with PAREXEL. Our continued global expansion, including in developing countries, could increase such risk in the future. Violations of these laws, or even allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
Risks Associated with Indebtedness
Our indebtedness may limit cash flow available to invest in the ongoing needs of our business.
As of June 30, 2015, we had $350.0 million principal amount of debt outstanding and remaining borrowing availability of $250.0 million under our credit arrangements. We may incur additional debt in the future. Our leverage could have significant adverse consequences, including:
requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of any cash flow from operations to the payment of interest on, and principal of, our debt, which will reduce the amounts available to fund working capital and capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes;
increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we compete; and
placing us at a competitive disadvantage to our competitors that have less debt.
Under the terms of our various credit facilities, interest rates are fixed based on market indices at the time of borrowing and, depending upon the interest mechanism selected by us, may float thereafter. Some of our other smaller credit facilities also bear interest at floating rates. As a result, the amount of interest payable by us on our borrowings may increase if market interest rates change.
We may not have sufficient funds, our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or we may be unable to arrange for additional financing, to pay the amounts due under our existing or any future debt, or any other liquidity needs. In addition, a failure to comply with the covenants under our existing credit facilities could result in an event of default under those credit facilities. In the event of an acceleration of amounts due under our credit facilities as a result of an event of default, we may not have sufficient funds or may be unable to arrange for additional financing to repay our indebtedness or to make any required accelerated payments.
In addition, the terms of the 2014 Credit Agreement and the Note Purchase Agreement provide that upon the occurrence of a change in control, as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement and the Note Purchase Agreement, all outstanding indebtedness under the 2014 Credit Agreement and the Notes would become due. This provision may delay or prevent a change in control that our stockholders may consider desirable.
Our existing credit facilities contain covenants that limit our flexibility and prevent us from taking certain actions.
The agreements in connection with our 2014 Credit Agreement and in our short term debt facilities include a number of restrictive covenants. These covenants could adversely affect us by limiting our ability to plan for or react to market conditions, meet our capital needs and execute our business strategy. These covenants, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to:
incur additional debt;
buy back our common stock;
make certain investments;
enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates;
make specified restricted payments; and
sell certain assets or merge with or into other companies.

24



These covenants may limit our operating and financial flexibility and limit our ability to respond to changes in our business or competitive activities. Our failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in our being required to repay these borrowings before their scheduled due date.
Risks Associated with our Common Stock
Our corporate governance structure, including provisions of our articles of organization, by-laws, as well as Massachusetts law, may delay or prevent a change in control or management that stockholders may consider desirable.
Provisions of our articles of organization, and by-laws, as well as provisions of Massachusetts law, may enable our management to resist an acquisition of us by a third party, or may discourage a third party from acquiring us. These provisions include the following:
we have divided our board of directors into three classes of directors that serve staggered three-year terms;
we are subject to Section 8.06 of the Massachusetts Business Corporation Law, which provides that directors may only be removed by stockholders for cause, vacancies in our board of directors may only be filled by a vote of our board of directors, and the number of directors may be fixed only by our board of directors;
we are subject to Chapter 110F of the Massachusetts General Laws, which may limit the ability of some interested stockholders to engage in business combinations with us; and
our stockholders are limited in their ability to call or introduce proposals at stockholder meetings.
These provisions could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of us or a change in our management that our stockholders may consider favorable or beneficial. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our stock.
In addition, our board of directors may issue preferred stock in the future without stockholder approval. If our board of directors issues preferred stock, the rights of the holders of common stock would be subordinate to the rights of the holders of preferred stock. Our board of directors’ ability to issue the preferred stock could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discourage a third party from acquiring, a majority of our stock.
Our stock price has been, and may in the future be volatile, which could lead to losses by investors.
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated widely in the past and may continue to do so in the future. On August 14, 2015, the closing sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market was $68.08 per share. During the period from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2015, our common stock traded at prices ranging from a high of $72.69 per share to a low of $15.26 per share. Investors in our common stock must be willing to bear the risk of such fluctuations in stock price and the risk that the value of an investment in our common stock could decline.
Our stock price can be affected by quarter-to-quarter variations in a number of factors including, but not limited to:
operating results;
earnings estimates by industry analysts;
market conditions in our industry or the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries;
prospects of healthcare reform;
changes in government regulations;
general economic conditions, and
our effective income tax rate.
In addition, the stock market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Although our common stock has traded in the past at a relatively high price-earnings multiple, due in part to analysts’ expectations of earnings growth, the price of our common stock could quickly and substantially decline as a result of even a relatively small shortfall in earnings from, or a change in, analysts’ expectations.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

25



ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of June 30, 2015, we occupied approximately 2,696,000 square feet of building space, primarily office space, in 80 locations in 40 countries under various leases that expire between 2015 and 2035. Total square feet by region is summarized below:
 
Region
Square Feet
The Americas
871,000

Europe, Middle East & Africa
1,217,000

Asia/Pacific
608,000

Total
2,696,000

Our largest facilities are located in (a) the United States, where we occupy approximately 797,000 square feet, (b) Germany, where we occupy approximately 482,000 square feet, (c) the United Kingdom, where we occupy approximately 260,000 square feet, (d) India, where we occupy approximately 264,000 square feet, and (e) South Africa, where we occupy approximately 99,000 square feet. Our principal facilities are set forth below:
Facility
 
Sq. Ft.
 
Use of Facility
 
Lease Expirations
Headquarters in Waltham, MA            
 
64,000
 
CRS, PC and Corporate
 
2019
Berlin, Germany
 
434,000
 
All Business Segments and General & Administrative
 
2016 - 2035
Billerica, MA
 
276,000
 
All Business Segments and General & Administrative
 
2018 - 2025
Hyderabad, India
 
175,000
 
All Business Segments and General & Administrative
 
2016 - 2017
Uxbridge, UK
 
88,000
 
CRS, PC and General & Administrative
 
2022
Nottingham, UK
 
62,000
 
PI, CRS and General & Administrative
 
2030
Dublin, Ireland
 
35,000
 
CRS, PC and General & Administrative
 
2025
We believe that our facilities are adequate for our operations and that additional space will be available at satisfactory terms, if needed.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
PAREXEL periodically becomes involved in various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that no matters currently pending would, in the event of an adverse outcome, have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity but there can be no assurance that such matters would not, in the event of an adverse outcome, have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

26



PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
MARKET INFORMATION AND HOLDERS
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PRXL.” The table below shows the high and low sales prices of the common stock for each quarter of the Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014.
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
High
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
First Quarter
 
$64.46
 
$52.08
 
$53.55
 
$46.02
Second Quarter
 
$64.72
 
$52.19
 
$55.02
 
$37.53
Third Quarter
 
$70.73
 
$55.36
 
$57.25
 
$44.89
Fourth Quarter
 
$72.69
 
$62.06
 
$55.97
 
$41.79
As of August 19, 2015, there were approximately 144 stockholders of record of our common stock. The number does not include stockholders for which shares were held in a “nominee” or “street” name.
DIVIDENDS
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, nor do we anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings for the development and expansion of our business.
Under the terms of the 2014 Credit Agreement, which are described in “Credit Agreements” in Part II, Item 7 of this annual report, neither we nor any of our subsidiaries may pay any dividend or make any other distribution with respect to any shares of capital stock except that (a) we and our subsidiaries may declare and pay dividends with respect to equity interests payable solely in additional shares of common stock, (b) our subsidiaries may declare and pay dividends and other distributions ratably with respect to their equity interests, (c) we may make restricted payments pursuant to and in accordance with stock option plans or other benefit plans for management or employees of PAREXEL and our subsidiaries, and (d) we may make certain permitted stock repurchases.
STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM
Fiscal Year 2014 Share Repurchase
On June 2, 2014, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the “2014 Program”) authorizing the repurchase of up to $150.0 million of our common stock to be financed with cash on hand, cash generated from operations, existing credit facilities, or new financing.  On June 13, 2014, we entered into an agreement (the “2014 Agreement”) to purchase shares of our common stock from Goldman Sachs & Co. (“GS”), for an aggregate purchase price of $150.0 million pursuant to an accelerated share purchase program. Pursuant to the 2014 Agreement, in June 2014, we paid $150.0 million to GS and received from GS 2,284,844 shares of common stock, representing 80% of the shares to be repurchased by us under the 2014 Agreement. The shares were repurchased at a price of $52.52 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 13, 2014. These shares were canceled and restored to the status of authorized and unissued shares. As of June 30, 2014, we recorded the $150.0 million payment to GS as a decrease to equity in our consolidated balance sheet, consisting of decreases in common stock and additional paid-in capital. As additional paid-in capital was reduced to zero, the remainder was applied as a reduction in retained earnings.
On October 31, 2014, we received 345,165 shares representing the final settlement of the 2014 Agreement and the 2014 Program was completed. Pursuant to the 2014 Program, we repurchased 2,630,009 shares of our common stock at an average price of $57.03 per share from June 2014 to October 2014.
Fiscal Year 2013 Share Repurchase
In August 2012, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the “2013 Program”) authorizing the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of our common stock to be financed with cash on hand, cash generated from operations, existing credit facilities, or new financing.  During Fiscal Year 2013, we repurchased $197.6 million of our common stock. We repurchased the remaining $2.4 million of our common stock in July 2013. The 2013 Program repurchases were effected pursuant to a $50.0 million accelerated share repurchase agreement and a $50.0 million open market agreement entered into in September 2012 and a $50.0 million accelerated share repurchase agreement (“March 2013 ASR Agreement”) and a $50.0 million open market agreement (“March 2013 Open Market Agreement”) entered in March 2013. Pursuant to the 2013 Program, we repurchased 5,458,285 shares of our common stock at an average price of $36.64 per share from September 2012 to July 2013.

27



The buyback activity also resulted in a reduction of our stockholders’ equity of $200.0 million for the value of shares repurchased and retired by the Company.
In July 2013, we purchased 51,071 shares under our March 2013 Open Market Agreement and received 101,247 shares representing the final settlement of our March 2013 ASR Agreement. With the completion of our March 2013 Open Market Agreement and the final settlement of the March 2013 ASR Agreement, the 2013 Program was completed.
There were no share buybacks in Fiscal Year 2015.

28



COMPANY STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PRXL.” The Stock Price Performance Graph set forth below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock for the period from June 30, 2010 through June 30, 2015, with the cumulative total return of the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Health Care Index over the same period. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on June 30, 2010 in PAREXEL’s common stock, in the Nasdaq Composite Index, and in the Nasdaq Health Care Index and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any.
 
 
Fiscal Years Ended June 30,
Total Return Index For:
 
2010
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
PAREXEL International Stock
 
$100
 
$109
 
$130
 
$212
 
$244
 
$297
Nasdaq Composite Index
 
$100
 
$133
 
$142
 
$167
 
$219
 
$251
Nasdaq Health Care Index
 
$100
 
$124
 
$132
 
$150
 
$169
 
$216
The stock price performance shown on the graph above is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Information used in the graph was obtained from The Nasdaq Stock Market, a source believed to be reliable, but we are not responsible for any errors or omissions in such information.
The information included under the heading “Company Stock Performance Graph” is “furnished” and not “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be “soliciting material” subject to Regulation 14A or incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.


29



ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data of PAREXEL for the five years ended June 30, 2015 are derived from our consolidated financial statements. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included as Item 7 in this annual report and the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included as Item 8 in this annual report.
 
 
For the fiscal years ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data and number of employees)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
OPERATIONS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service revenue
 
$
2,015,981

 
$
1,939,360

 
$
1,734,442

 
$
1,396,508

 
$
1,212,099

 
Income from operations
 
$
199,852

 
$
199,498

 
$
136,123

 
$
88,802

 
$
81,630

 
Net income
 
$
147,821

 
$
129,094

 
$
95,972

 
$
63,158

 
$
48,786

 
Basic earnings per share
 
$
2.69

 
$
2.28

 
$
1.64

 
$
1.06

 
$
0.83

 
Diluted earnings per share
 
$
2.65

 
$
2.25

 
$
1.61

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.81

FINANCIAL POSITION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and marketable securities
 
$
207,404

 
$
283,812

 
$
274,164

 
$
213,579

 
$
89,056

 
Working capital
 
$
352,467

 
$
350,900

 
$
403,229

 
$
359,590

 
$
317,298

 
Total assets
 
$
1,865,021

 
$
1,834,000

 
$
1,779,624

 
$
1,532,156

 
$
1,429,483

 
Short-term debt
 
$
8,915

 
$
12,501

 
$
20,399

 
$
5,003

 
$
5,867

 
Long-term debt
 
$
348,164

 
$
337,500

 
$
427,500

 
$
211,784

 
$
240,102

 
Stockholders’ equity
 
$
665,286

 
$
577,681

 
$
538,946

 
$
609,675

 
$
566,004

OTHER DATA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment
 
$
80,167

 
$
72,585

 
$
81,089

 
$
74,403

 
$
60,153

 
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
84,939

 
$
81,328

 
$
73,186

 
$
66,172

 
$
65,480

 
Number of employees
 
18,660

 
15,560

 
14,690

 
12,695

 
10,550

 
Weighted average shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
54,915

 
56,504

 
58,388

 
59,464

 
58,634

 
Diluted
 
55,838

 
57,477

 
59,447

 
60,426

 
59,874

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



30



ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
We are a leading biopharmaceutical outsourcing services company, providing a broad range of expertise in clinical research, clinical logistics, medical communications, consulting, commercialization and advanced technology products and services to the worldwide pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. Our primary objective is to provide quality solutions for managing the biopharmaceutical product lifecycle with the goal of reducing the time, risk, and cost associated with the development and commercialization of new therapies. Since our incorporation in 1983, we have developed significant expertise in processes and technologies supporting this strategy. Our product and service offerings include: clinical trials management, observational studies and patient/disease registries, data management, biostatistical analysis, epidemiology, health economics/outcomes research, pharmacovigilance, medical communications, clinical pharmacology, patient recruitment, clinical supply and drug logistics, post-marketing surveillance, regulatory and product development and commercialization consulting, health policy and reimbursement and market access consulting, medical imaging services, regulatory information management (“RIM”) solutions, ClinPhone randomization and trial supply management services (“RTSM”), electronic data capture systems (“EDC”), clinical trial management systems (“CTMS”), web-based portals, systems integration, patient diary applications, and other product development tools and services. We believe that our comprehensive services, depth of therapeutic area expertise, global footprint and related access to patients, and sophisticated information technology, along with our experience in global drug development and product launch services, represent key competitive strengths.
We have three reporting segments: CRS, PC, and PI.
CRS constitutes our core business and includes all phases of clinical research from Early Phase (encompassing the early stages of clinical testing that range from first-in-man through proof-of-concept studies) to Phase II-III and Phase IV, which we call Peri/Post-Approval Services, formerly known as Peri-Approval Clinical Excellence. Our services include clinical trials management and biostatistics, data management and clinical pharmacology, as well as related medical advisory, patient recruitment, pharmacovigilance, and investigator site services. CRS also includes our clinical supply and drug logistics business. We have aggregated Early Phase with Phase II-III and Peri/Post-Approval Services due to economic similarities in these operating segments.
PC provides technical expertise and advice in such areas as drug development, regulatory affairs, product pricing and reimbursement, commercialization and strategic compliance. It also provides a full spectrum of market development, product development, and targeted communications services in support of product launch. Our PC consultants identify alternatives and propose solutions to address client issues associated with product development, registration, and commercialization.
PI provides information technology solutions designed to help improve clients’ product development and regulatory submission processes. PI offers a portfolio of products and services that includes medical imaging services, ClinPhone® RTSM, IMPACT® CTMS, DataLabs® EDC, web-based portals, systems integration, electronic patient reported outcomes (“ePRO”) and LIQUENT InSight® RIM platform. These services are often bundled together and integrated with other applications to provide an eClinical solution for our clients. In addition, PI's portfolio of services is increasingly being embedded with that of CRS, to provide our clients with an integrated offering.
In February 2014, we announced the launch of PAREXEL Regulatory Outsourcing Services (“PROS”), which is designed to provide a focused, market-driven approach to regulatory outsourcing services in the life science industry, with a primary emphasis on post-approval regulatory activities. Effective July 1, 2014, the operating results of PROS are included in the PC segment. This service line offering was previously included within LIQUENT RIM solutions and reported within the PI segment. For interim and annual periods beginning July 1, 2014, we disclose the reportable segment on this new basis and prior periods will be retroactively revised to reflect the change.
We conduct a significant portion of our operations in countries outside of the United States. Approximately 51% and 53% of our consolidated service revenue for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015 (“Fiscal Year 2015”) and the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014 (“Fiscal Year 2014”), respectively, were from non-U.S. operations. Because our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in foreign currency exchange rates can have a significant effect on our operating results. For Fiscal Year 2015, approximately 12.2% of total consolidated service revenue was from euro-denominated contracts and approximately 3.1% of total consolidated service revenue was from pound sterling-denominated contracts. For Fiscal Year 2014, approximately 13.7% of total consolidated service revenue was from euro-denominated contracts and approximately 2.9% of total consolidated service revenue was from pounds sterling-denominated contracts.
The majority of our contracts are fixed price, with some variable components, and range in duration from a few months to several years. Cash flows from these contracts typically consist of a down payment required at the time of contract execution with the balance due in installments over the contract’s duration, usually on a milestone achievement basis. Revenue from these

31



contracts is recognized generally as work is performed. As a result, the timing of client billing and cash receipts do not necessarily correspond to costs incurred and revenue recognized on contracts.
Generally, our clients can either terminate their contracts with us upon notice of thirty to sixty days or a delay in execution of services. Clients may terminate or delay contracts for a variety of reasons, including: merger or potential merger-related activities involving the client, the failure of products being tested to satisfy safety requirements or efficacy criteria, unexpected or undesired clinical results of the product, client cost reductions as a result of budgetary limits or changing priorities, the client’s decision to forego a particular study, insufficient patient enrollment or investigator recruitment, or clinical drug manufacturing problems resulting in shortages of the product. In the cases where the contracts are canceled, services delivered through the cancellation date are due and payable by the client, including certain costs to conclude the trial or study.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and other financial information. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We regard an accounting estimate underlying our financial statements as a “critical accounting estimate” if the nature of the estimate or assumption is material due to the level of subjectivity and judgment involved, or the susceptibility of such matter to change, and if the impact of the estimate or assumption on financial condition or operating performance is material. We believe that the following accounting policies are most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results:
REVENUE RECOGNITION
We derive revenue from the delivery of services or software solutions to clients in the worldwide pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. We recognize revenue as services are performed when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the service offering has been delivered to the client; (3) the collection of fees is probable; and (4) the amount of fees to be paid by the client is fixed or determinable.
Our client arrangements in CRS generally involve multiple service deliverables, where bundled service deliverables are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-25, “Multiple-Element Arrangements.” We determined that standalone value exists for each of our service deliverables and we base the selling price upon third-party evidence (“TPE”). TPE is established for each of our arrangement deliverables based on the price we charge for equivalent services when sold to other similar customers as well as our knowledge of market-pricing from the competitive bidding process for customer contracts offering similar services to comparably situated customers.
Within PI’s Clinphone® RTSM business, we offer selected software solutions through a hosted application delivered through a standard web-browser. We recognize revenue from application hosting services in accordance with ASC 985-605, “Software” and ASC 605-25 as our customers do not have the right to take possession of the software. Revenue resulting from these hosting services is recognized over the service period.
Critical management estimates may be involved in the determination of the customer relationship period, and other revenue elements. Changes to these elements could affect the amount and timing of revenue recognition.
BILLED AND UNBILLED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Billed accounts receivable represent amounts for which invoices have been sent to clients based upon contract terms. Unbilled accounts receivable represent amounts recognized as revenue for which invoices have not yet been sent to clients due to contract terms. We maintain a provision for losses on receivables based on historical collectability and specific identification of potential problem accounts. Critical management estimates may be involved in the determination of “collectability” and the amounts required to be recorded as provisions for losses on receivables.
INCOME TAXES
Our global provision for corporate income taxes is determined in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax basis of recorded assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that future tax benefits from the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income tax expense is based on the distribution of profit before tax among the various taxing jurisdictions in which we operate, adjusted as required by the tax laws of each taxing jurisdiction. Changes in the distribution of profits and losses among taxing jurisdictions may have a significant impact on our effective tax rate.

32



We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, which requires financial statement reporting of the expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax return reporting positions on the presumption that all relevant tax authorities possess full knowledge of those tax reporting positions, as well as all of the pertinent facts and circumstances. In addition, ASC 740 requires financial statement disclosure about uncertainty in income tax reporting positions.
We are subject to ongoing audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities that may result in proposed assessments. Our estimate of the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issue is based on judgment. We believe we have adequately provided for any uncertain tax positions. However, future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities in the period assessments are made or resolved or when statutes of limitation on potential assessments expire.
GOODWILL AND INDEFINITE-LIVED INTANGIBLES
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the related net assets at the date of acquisition and is subject to annual impairment testing or more frequent testing if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying value. Our impairment testing for goodwill and an indefinite-lived intangible, the ClinPhone RTSM tradename, involves assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangibles is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. This assessment requires management judgment on the potential impact of each qualitative factor. Based on our Fiscal Year 2015 qualitative assessment of impairment for goodwill and our ClinPhone RTSM tradename, we concluded that neither were impaired.
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Allocating the purchase price requires us to estimate the fair value of various assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including contingent consideration to be paid if specific financial targets are achieved. We are responsible for determining the appropriate valuation model and estimated fair values, and in doing so, we consider a number of factors, including information provided by an outside valuation advisor. We primarily establish fair value using the income approach based upon a discounted cash flow model. The income approach requires the use of many assumptions and estimates including future revenues and expenses, as well as discount factors and income tax rates.
Contingent consideration liabilities are remeasured to fair value each reporting period using projected financial targets, discount rates, probabilities of payment and projected payment dates. Projected contingent payment amounts are discounted back to the current period using a discounted cash flow model. Increases or decreases in projected financial targets and probabilities of payment may result in significant changes in the fair value measurements. Increases in discount rates and the time to payment may result in lower fair value measurements. Increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation may result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.




33



RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report provides a summary of our unaudited quarterly results of operations for Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014.
ANALYSIS BY SEGMENT
We evaluate our segment performance and allocate resources based on service revenue and gross profit (service revenue less direct costs), while other operating costs are allocated and evaluated on a geographic basis. Accordingly, we do not include the impact of selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization expense, interest income (expense), other income (loss), and income tax expense (benefit) in segment profitability. We attribute revenue to individual countries based upon the cost of services performed in the respective countries and inter-segment transactions are not included in service revenue. Furthermore, we have a global infrastructure supporting our business segments and therefore, assets are not identified by reportable segment. Service revenue, direct costs, and gross profit on service revenue for Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Years Ended
 
Increase $
 
Increase %
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2014
 
Service revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRS
 
$
1,535,359

 
$
1,455,279

 
$
80,080

 
5.5
 %
PC
 
215,954

 
229,842

 
(13,888
)
 
(6.0
)%
PI
 
264,668

 
254,239

 
10,429

 
4.1
 %
Total service revenue
 
$
2,015,981

 
$
1,939,360

 
$
76,621

 
4.0
 %
Direct costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRS
 
$
1,085,746

 
$
1,010,069

 
$
75,677

 
7.5
 %
PC
 
121,199

 
133,622

 
(12,423
)
 
(9.3
)%
PI
 
137,208

 
135,487

 
1,721

 
1.3
 %
Total direct costs
 
$
1,344,153

 
$
1,279,178

 
$
64,975

 
5.1
 %
Gross profit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRS
 
$
449,613

 
$
445,210

 
$
4,403

 
1.0
 %
PC
 
94,755

 
96,220

 
(1,465
)
 
(1.5
)%
PI
 
127,460

 
118,752

 
8,708

 
7.3
 %
Total gross profit
 
$
671,828

 
$
660,182

 
$
11,646

 
1.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Years Ended
 
Increase $
 
Increase %
 
 
June 30, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
Service revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRS
 
$
1,455,279

 
$
1,303,569

 
$
151,710

 
11.6
 %
PC
 
229,842

 
211,202

 
18,640

 
8.8
 %
PI
 
254,239

 
219,671

 
34,568

 
15.7
 %
Total service revenue
 
$
1,939,360

 
$
1,734,442

 
$
204,918

 
11.8
 %
Direct costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRS
 
$
1,010,069

 
$
956,513

 
$
53,556

 
5.6
 %
PC
 
133,622

 
126,457

 
7,165

 
5.7
 %
PI
 
135,487

 
124,566

 
10,921

 
8.8
 %
Total direct costs
 
$
1,279,178

 
$
1,207,536

 
$
71,642

 
5.9
 %
Gross profit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRS
 
$
445,210

 
$
347,056

 
$
98,154

 
28.3
 %
PC
 
96,220

 
84,745

 
11,475

 
13.5
 %
PI
 
118,752

 
95,105

 
23,647

 
24.9
 %
Total gross profit
 
$
660,182

 
$
526,906

 
$
133,276

 
25.3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


34



FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2015 COMPARED WITH THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2014
Revenue
Service revenue increased by $76.6 million, or 4%, to $2,016.0 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $1,939.4 million for Fiscal Year 2014.
On a segment basis, CRS service revenue increased by $80.1 million, or 5.5%, to $1,535.4 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $1,455.3 million for Fiscal Year 2014. The increase was attributable to growth in both the Phase II-III and the Early Phase businesses. Within the Phase II-III business, the growth of backlog caused revenue to increase. The Early Phase business increases were due to strong new business wins and favorable burn rate.
PC service revenue decreased by $13.9 million, or 6.0%, to $216.0 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $229.8 million for Fiscal Year 2014. Lower service revenue was due primarily to a decrease in revenues from large Strategic Compliance Consulting group.
PI service revenue increased by $10.4 million, or 4.1%, to $264.7 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $254.2 million for Fiscal Year 2014. The increase was primarily due to growth in medical imaging and platform solutions.
Reimbursement revenue consists of reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses incurred on behalf of and reimbursable by clients. Reimbursement revenue does not yield any gross profit to us, nor does it have an impact on net income.
Direct Costs
Direct costs increased by $65.0 million, or 5.1%, to $1,344.2 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $1,279.2 million for Fiscal Year 2014. As a percentage of total service revenue, direct costs increased to 66.7% from 66.0% for the respective periods. The gross margin decline primarily related to hiring resources ahead of the revenue curve in CRS, and proportionally more CRS work in study start up.
On a segment basis, CRS direct costs increased by $75.7 million, or 7.5%, to $1,085.7 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $1,010.1 million for Fiscal Year 2014. This increase resulted primarily from increased labor costs associated with headcount growth in CRS to match the demand of higher levels of clinical trial activity. As a percentage of service revenue, CRS direct costs increased to 70.7% for Fiscal Year 2015 from 69.4% for Fiscal Year 2014. The increase as a percentage of service revenue was related to the need to hire staff in response to recent new business wins.
PC direct costs decreased by $12.4 million, or 9.3%, to $121.2 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $133.6 million for Fiscal Year 2014. As a percentage of service revenue, PC direct costs decreased to 56.1% from 58.1% for the respective periods as a result of a more favorable revenue mix.
PI direct costs increased by $1.7 million, or 1.3%, to $137.2 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $135.5 million for Fiscal Year 2014. As a percentage of service revenue, PI direct costs decreased to 51.8% for Fiscal Year 2015 from 53.3% for Fiscal Year 2014 due to revenue growth in our Medical Imaging and Platform Solutions business.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense decreased by $12.6 million, or 3.3%, to $367.2 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $379.8 million for Fiscal Year 2014. This decrease was primarily due to the favorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements, efficiency initiatives and lower variable compensation expense. As a percentage of service revenue, SG&A decreased to 18.2% in Fiscal Year 2015 from 19.6% in Fiscal Year 2014.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization (“D&A”) expense increased by $3.6 million, or 4.4%, to $84.9 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $81.3 million for Fiscal Year 2014, due to higher depreciation expense from higher capital spending. As a percentage of service revenue, D&A was 4.2% for both Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2014.
Restructuring Charge
For Fiscal Year 2015 we recorded a net $19.8 million restructuring charge, of which $20.0 million related to the Margin Acceleration Program, announced in June 2015. In Fiscal Year 2014, we recorded a $0.4 million benefit to restructuring charges for adjustments to facility-related charges under our previously announced restructuring plans.
Income from Operations
Income from operations increased to $199.9 million for Fiscal Year 2015 from $199.5 million for Fiscal Year 2014. Income from operations as a percentage of service revenue (“operating margin”) decreased to 9.9% from 10.3% for the respective periods. This decrease in operating margin was due primarily to higher direct costs which included a $20.0 million charge related to the Margin Acceleration Program, depreciation and was partially offset by lower SG&A.

35



Other Income (Expense), Net
We recorded net other income of $0.4 million for Fiscal Year 2015 compared with $11.6 million of other expense for Fiscal Year 2014. The $12.0 million decrease in net expenses was driven primarily by a $9.9 million increase in miscellaneous income, largely due to net foreign currency exchange gains recorded during Fiscal Year 2015 compared to the net foreign currency exchange losses recorded during Fiscal Year 2014. Additionally, the decrease was attributable to a $2.1 million decrease in net interest expense related to a lower average debt balance in Fiscal Year 2015.
Taxes
For Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2014, we had effective income tax rates of 26.2% and 31.3%, respectively. The decrease in the Fiscal Year 2015 tax rate was primarily attributable to various global tax credits and incentives, and the decrease in tax reserves related to the favorable settlements with tax authorities offset in part by the increase in tax reserves related to tax positions taken in the current year.





36



FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 COMPARED WITH THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2013
Revenue
Service revenue increased by $205.0 million, or 11.8%, to $1,939.4 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $1,734.4 million for Fiscal Year 2013.
On a segment basis, CRS service revenue increased by $151.7 million, or 11.6%, to $1,455.3 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $1,303.6 million for Fiscal Year 2013. The increase was primarily attributable to growth in both the Phase II-III and Peri/Post Approval Service and the Early Phase businesses. Within the Phase II-III and Peri/Post Approval Service businesses, the efforts of a more productive employee base and the growth of backlog with a higher conversion rate caused revenue to increase across all of our client segments. The Early Phase business increases were due to increased demand for study services with patients.
PC service revenue increased by $18.6 million, or 8.8%, to $229.8 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $211.2 million for Fiscal Year 2013. Higher service revenue was due primarily to $9.7 million of revenue from HERON, $4.9 million from LIQUENT and the increase in consulting services associated with growth in the integrated product development consulting service line.
PI service revenue increased by $34.6 million, or 15.7%, to $254.2 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $219.7 million for Fiscal Year 2013. The increase was primarily due to growth across all PI service lines due to higher demand for technology usage in clinical trials and the positive impact of strategic partnerships, along with $12.6 million of revenue from LIQUENT.
Reimbursement revenue consists of reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses incurred on behalf of and reimbursable by clients. Reimbursement revenue does not yield any gross profit to us, nor does it have an impact on net income.
Direct Costs
Direct costs increased by $71.6 million, or 5.9%, to $1,279.2 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $1,207.5 million for Fiscal Year 2013. As a percentage of total service revenue, direct costs decreased to 66.0% from 69.6% for the respective periods. The gross margin improvement primarily related to the impact of various productivity and efficiency initiatives, changes in the revenue mix, and the increased sourcing of operations to low-cost countries.
On a segment basis, CRS direct costs increased by $53.6 million, or 5.6%, to $1,010.1 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $956.5 million for Fiscal Year 2013. This increase resulted primarily from increased labor costs associated with headcount growth in CRS to match the demand of higher levels of clinical trial activity. As a percentage of service revenue, CRS direct costs decreased to 69.4% for Fiscal Year 2014 from 73.4% for Fiscal Year 2013. The decrease as a percentage of service revenue was related to the results of our operational efficiency programs, the reduction in contract staff usage, and the impact of shifting activities to low-cost countries.
PC direct costs increased by $7.2 million, or 5.7%, to $133.6 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $126.5 million for Fiscal Year 2013. This increase was primarily due to higher headcount levels and direct costs from HERON. As a percentage of service revenue, PC direct costs decreased to 58.1% from 59.9% for the respective periods as a result of a more favorable revenue mix.
PI direct costs increased by $10.9 million, or 8.8%, to $135.5 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $124.6 million for Fiscal Year 2013. This increase was due primarily to the inclusion of LIQUENT direct costs. As a percentage of service revenue, Perceptive direct costs decreased to 53.3% for Fiscal Year 2014 from 56.7% for Fiscal Year 2013 due to revenue growth and the impact of shifting resources to low-cost countries.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense increased by $61.0 million, or 19.1%, to $379.8 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $318.8 million for Fiscal Year 2013. This increase was due primarily to an increase in fixed and variable compensation costs attributable to the larger employee base needed to support business growth, an increase in costs incurred to support our information technology infrastructure and facility expansion to better accommodate our growth, and an inclusion of $12.2 million in costs related to LIQUENT and HERON. As a percentage of service revenue, SG&A increased to 19.6% in Fiscal Year 2014 from 18.4% in Fiscal Year 2013.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization (“D&A”) expense increased by $8.1 million, or 11.1%, to $81.3 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $73.2 million for Fiscal Year 2013, due to higher amortization expense from the increase in intangible assets driven by the LIQUENT and HERON acquisitions and higher depreciation expense from the increasing capital expenditures from Fiscal Year 2011 to Fiscal Year 2013 to support business growth. As a percentage of service revenue, D&A was 4.2% for both Fiscal Year 2014 and Fiscal Year 2013.

37



Restructuring Charge
Our restructuring plans were substantially completed by March 2012. For Fiscal Year 2014 and Fiscal Year 2013, respectively, we recorded a $0.4 million and $1.2 million net reduction in restructuring charges for adjustments to facility-related charges under our previously announced restructuring plans.
Income from Operations
Income from operations increased to $199.5 million for Fiscal Year 2014 from $136.1 million for Fiscal Year 2013. Income from operations as a percentage of service revenue (“operating margin”) increased to 10.3% from 7.8% for the respective periods. This increase in operating margin was due primarily to higher gross margin, partially offset by higher SG&A and depreciation and amortization expenses.
Other Expense, Net
We recorded net other expense of $11.6 million for Fiscal Year 2014 compared with net other expense of $3.0 million for Fiscal Year 2013. The $8.66 million increase was driven primarily by a $6.8 million increase in miscellaneous expenses, largely due to net foreign currency exchange losses recorded during Fiscal Year 2014 compared to the net foreign currency exchange gains recorded during Fiscal Year 2013. Additionally, the increase was attributable to a $1.9 million increase in net interest expense related to a higher average debt balance in Fiscal Year 2014.
Taxes
For Fiscal Year 2014 and Fiscal Year 2013, we had effective income tax rates of 31.3% and 27.9%, respectively. The increase in Fiscal Year 2014 tax rate was primarily attributable to a shift in the geographic distribution of income which increased income subject to taxation in the United States relative to lower tax rate jurisdictions (primarily EU countries and the U.K.).



38



LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since our inception, we have financed our operations and growth with cash flow from operations, proceeds from the sale of equity securities, and credit facilities to fund business acquisitions and working capital. Investing activities primarily reflect capital expenditures for information systems enhancements and leasehold improvements. As of June 30, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $207.4 million, of which the majority is held in countries which are outside of the U.S. since excess cash generated in the U.S. is primarily used to repay our debt obligations. As of June 30, 2015 we did not hold any marketable securities. Foreign cash and marketable securities balances include unremitted foreign earnings, which are invested indefinitely outside of the U.S. Our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities are held in deposit accounts, money market funds and foreign government treasury certificates over 90 days but less than one year, which provide us with immediate and unlimited access to the funds. Repatriation of funds to the U.S. from non-U.S. entities may be subject to taxation or certain legal restrictions. Nevertheless, most of our cash resides in countries with few or no such restrictions.
DAYS SALES OUTSTANDING
Our operating cash flow is heavily influenced by changes in the levels of billed and unbilled receivables and deferred revenue. These account balances as well as days sales outstanding (“DSO”) in accounts receivable, net of deferred revenue, can vary based on contractual milestones and the timing and size of cash receipts. We calculate DSO by adding end-of-period balances for billed and unbilled account receivables, net of deferred revenue (short-term and long term) and the provision for losses on receivables, then dividing the resulting amount by the sum of total revenue plus investigator fees billed for the most recent quarter, and multiplying the resulting fraction by the number of days in the quarter. The following table presents the DSO, account receivables balances, and deferred revenue as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014.
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2014
Billed accounts receivable, net
 
$
460.6

 
$
497.1

Unbilled accounts receivable, net
 
262.2

 
225.5

Total accounts receivable
 
722.8

 
722.6

Deferred revenue
 
(414.0
)
 
(467.0
)
Net receivables
 
$
308.8

 
$
255.6

 
 
 
 
 
DSO ( in days)
 
39

 
32

The increase in DSO for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2014, was largely driven by a decrease in deferred revenue as well as a higher unbilled accounts receivable balance.
CASH FLOWS
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $157.8 million for Fiscal Year 2015 as compared with $287.2 million for Fiscal Year 2014. The $129.4 million decrease in operating cash flows resulted primarily from a $158.4 million decrease in net change of working capital. This decrease was partially offset by an $18.7 million increase in net income and a $3.6 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $287.2 million for Fiscal Year 2014 as compared with $183.8 million for Fiscal Year 2013. The $103.4 million increase in operating cash flows resulted primarily from $33.1 million of higher net income, a $79.2 million increase in net change of working capital and an $8.1 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $17.5 million change in our deferred income tax provision.
Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities was $96.1 million for Fiscal Year 2015 as compared with $31.2 million for Fiscal Year 2014 and $305.5 million for Fiscal Year 2013.
During Fiscal Year 2015, we spent $104.5 million for business acquisitions and made $80.2 million in capital expenditures, which was partially offset by receiving $88.6 million in proceeds we received from the sale of marketable securities.
During Fiscal Year 2014, we made $72.6 million in capital expenditures, which was partially offset by $41.5 million in net proceeds from the sale of marketable securities.
During Fiscal Year 2013, we made net purchases of $129.6 million in marketable securities, paid $97.1 million in cash to acquire LIQUENT and HERON, and made $81.1 million in capital expenditures.

39



Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $26.2 million for Fiscal Year 2015 as compared with net cash used by financing activities of $224.0 million for Fiscal Year 2014 and $52.4 million for Fiscal Year 2013.
During Fiscal Year 2015, we received $7.1 million under the Master Financing Agreement (as defined below) and received $19.8 million in proceeds related to employee stock purchases. These amounts were partially offset by debt issuance costs of $0.7 million related to the 2014 Credit Agreement (as defined below).
During Fiscal Year 2014, we paid $154.9 million for share repurchases and made net payments of $187.5 million under the 2013 Credit Agreement (as defined below), which were partially offset by $100.0 million borrowings under the Note Purchase Agreement (as defined below), $14.6 million in proceeds received related to employee stock purchases and $4.5 million in proceeds received from our receivable factoring.
During Fiscal Year 2013, we borrowed an additional $217.5 million under new and existing credit facilities to fund the LIQUENT and HERON acquisitions and share repurchases, received $20.9 million in proceeds from employee stock purchases, and received $10.4 million from receivable factoring. These proceeds were partially offset by $195.1 million paid for share repurchases and $1.2 million payments for debt issuance costs.

CREDIT AGREEMENTS
Master Financing Agreement
On June 12, 2015, we entered into a 3 year, interest free Master Financing Agreement for $7.1 million with General Electric Capital Corporation, (“GECC”), in conjunction with a software term license purchase. On June 30, 2015 we received the gross proceeds of $7.1 million from GECC. Repayment of the principal borrowed under the Master Financing Agreement is due annually on July 1st as follows:

$1.4 million made on or prior to July 1, 2015;
$2.8 million made on or prior to July 1, 2016; and
$2.8 million made on or prior to July 1, 2017.
Note Purchase Agreement
On July 25, 2013, we issued $100.0 million principal amount of 3.11% senior notes due July 25, 2020 (the “Notes”) for aggregate gross proceeds of $100.0 million in a private placement solely to accredited investors. The Notes were issued pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement entered into by us with certain institutional investors on June 25, 2013 (the “Note Purchase Agreement”). Proceeds from the Notes were used to pay down $100.0 million of principal borrowed under the revolving credit facility portion of the 2013 Credit Agreement (defined below). We will pay interest on the outstanding balance of the Notes at a rate of 3.11% per annum, payable semi-annually on January 25 and July 25 of each year until the principal on the Notes shall have become due and payable. We may, at our option, upon notice and subject to the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement, prepay at any time all or part of the Notes in an amount not less than 10% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, plus a Make-Whole Amount (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement). The Notes become due and payable on July 25, 2020, unless payment is required to be made earlier under the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement.
The Note Purchase Agreement includes operational and financial covenants, with which we are required to comply, including, among others, maintenance of certain financial ratios and restrictions on additional indebtedness, liens and dispositions.
In connection with the Note Purchase Agreement, certain subsidiaries of ours entered into a Subsidiary Guaranty, pursuant to which such subsidiaries guaranteed our obligations under the Notes and the Note Purchase Agreement.
As of June 30, 2015, we had $100.0 million of principal borrowed under the Note Purchase Agreement. The outstanding amounts are presented net of debt issuance cost of approximately $0.3 million in our consolidated balance sheets.
In April and May 2013, we entered into three treasury lock agreements each with a notional amount of $25.0 million in connection with the planned issuance of our Notes.  The three treasury locks were used to minimize our interest rate exposure prior to locking in the fixed interest rate on our Notes.  The treasury locks matured in May 2013 when the interest rate on our Notes was fixed. The treasury locks were deemed to be fully effective in accordance with FASB ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”), and as such, the unrealized gains related to these derivatives are recorded as other comprehensive income and are amortized over the life of the Notes as interest income. 
Receivable Purchase Agreement
On February 19, 2013, we entered into a receivables purchase agreement (the “Receivable Agreement”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPMorgan”). Under the Receivable Agreement, we sell to JPMorgan or other investors on an ongoing basis

40



certain of our trade receivables, together with ancillary rights and the proceeds thereof, which arise under contracts with a client of ours, or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The Receivable Agreement includes customary representations and covenants on behalf of us, and may be terminated by either us or JPMorgan upon five business days advance notice. The Receivable Agreement provides a mechanism for accelerating the receipt of cash due on outstanding receivables. We account for the transfer of our receivables with respect to which we have satisfied the applicable revenue recognition criteria in accordance with FASB ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing.” If we have not satisfied the applicable revenue recognition criteria for the underlying sales transaction, the transfer of the receivable is accounted for as a financing activity in accordance with FASB ASC 470, “Debt.” The accounts receivable and short-term debt balances are derecognized from our consolidated balance sheets at the earlier of the factored receivable’s due date or when all of the revenue recognition criteria are met for those billed services. For Fiscal Year 2015 and 2014, we transferred approximately $122.6 million and $184.6 million of trade receivables, respectively. As of both June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, no transfers were accounted for as a financing activity.
2014 Credit Agreement
On October 15, 2014, we, certain of our subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”), as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and L/C Issuer, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“MLPFS”), J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPM Securities”), HSBC Bank USA, National Association (“HSBC”) and U.S. Bank, National Association (“US Bank”), as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. (“JPMorgan”), HSBC and US Bank, as Joint Syndication Agents, and the other lenders party thereto entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “2014 Credit Agreement”) providing for a five-year term loan and revolving credit facility in the principal amount of up to $500.0 million (collectively, the “Loan Amount”), plus additional amounts of up to $300.0 million of loans to be made available upon request of the Company subject to specified terms and conditions.
The 2014 Credit Agreement amends and restates the amended and restated credit agreement dated as of March 22, 2013, by and among us, certain of our subsidiaries, Bank of America, as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and L/C Issuer, MLPFS, JPM Securities, HSBC, and US Bank as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, JPMorgan, HSBC and US Bank, as Joint Syndication Agents, and the other lenders party thereto (the “2013 Credit Agreement”).
The loan facility available under the 2014 Credit Agreement consists of a term loan facility and a revolving credit facility. The principal amount of up to $200.0 million of the Loan Amount is available through the term loan facility, and the principal amount of up to $300.0 million of the Loan Amount is available through the revolving credit facility. A portion of the revolving credit facility is available for swingline loans of up to a sublimit of $100.0 million and for the issuance of standby letters of credit of up to a sublimit of $10.0 million.
The 2014 Credit Agreement is intended to provide funds for (i) stock repurchases, (ii) the issuance of letters of credit and (iii) our and our subsidiaries' other general corporate purposes, including permitted acquisitions.
As of June 30, 2015, we had $50 million of principal borrowed under the revolving credit facility and $200 million of principal borrowed under the term loan. The outstanding amounts are presented net of debt issuance cost of approximately $2.5 million in our consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2015, we had borrowing availability of $250.0 million under the revolving credit facility.
The obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our material domestic subsidiaries, and the obligations, if any, of any foreign designated borrower are guaranteed by us and certain of our material domestic subsidiaries.
Borrowings (other than swingline loans) under the 2014 Credit Agreement bear interest, at our determination, at a rate based on either (a) LIBOR plus a margin (not to exceed a per annum rate of 1.750%) based on a ratio of consolidated funded debt to consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) (the “Leverage Ratio”) or (b) the highest of (i) prime, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.500%, and (iii) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.000% (such highest rate, the “Alternate Base Rate”), plus a margin (not to exceed a per annum rate of 0.750%) based on the Leverage Ratio. Swingline loans in U.S. dollars bear interest calculated at the Alternate Base Rate plus a margin (not to exceed a per annum rate of 0.750%). Loans outstanding under the 2014 Credit Agreement may be prepaid at any time in whole or in part without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs, if any, subject to the terms and conditions contained in the 2014 Credit Agreement. The 2014 Credit Agreement terminates and any outstanding loans under it mature and must be repaid on October 15, 2019.
Repayment of the principal borrowed under the revolving credit facility (other than a swingline loan) is due on October 15, 2019. A swingline loan under the 2014 Credit Agreement generally must be paid ten business days after the loan is made. Repayment of principal borrowed under the term loan facility is as follows, with the final payment of all amounts outstanding, plus accrued interest, being due on October 15, 2019:

1.25% by quarterly term loan amortization payments to be made commencing December 2015 and made on or prior to September 30, 2017;

41



2.50% by quarterly term loan amortization payments to be made after September 30, 2017, but on or prior to September 30, 2018;
5.00% by quarterly term loan amortization payments to be made after September 30, 2018, but prior to October 15, 2019; and
60.00% on October 15, 2019.
Interest due under the revolving credit facility (other than a swingline loan) and the term loan facility must be paid quarterly for borrowings with an interest rate determined with reference to the Alternate Base Rate. Interest must be paid on the last day of the interest period selected by the Company for borrowings determined with reference to LIBOR; provided that for interest periods of longer than three months, interest is required to be paid every three months. Interest under U.S. dollar swingline loans at the alternate base rate is payable quarterly.
Our obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2014 Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default, including payment defaults, defaults in the performance of affirmative and negative covenants, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy and insolvency related defaults, cross defaults to material indebtedness, defaults relating to such matters as ERISA and judgments, and a change of control default.
The 2014 Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to us and our subsidiaries, including financial covenants requiring us to comply with maximum leverage ratios and minimum interest coverage ratios, as well as restrictions on liens, investments, indebtedness, fundamental changes, acquisitions, dispositions of property, making specified restricted payments (including stock repurchases that would result in us exceeding an agreed-to leverage ratio), transactions with affiliates, and other restrictive covenants. As of June 30, 2015, we were in compliance with all covenants under the 2014 Credit Agreement.
In connection with the 2014 Credit Agreement, we agreed to pay a commitment fee on the revolving loan commitment calculated as a percentage of the unused amount of the revolving loan commitment at a per annum rate of up to 0.300% (based on the Leverage Ratio). To the extent there are letters of credit outstanding under the 2014 Credit Agreement, we will pay letter of credit fees plus a fronting fee and additional charges. We agreed to pay Bank of America (i) for its own account, an arrangement fee, (ii) for the account of each of the lenders, an upfront fee and (iii) for its own account, an annual agency fee.
Additional Lines of Credit
We have an unsecured line of credit with JP Morgan UK in the amount of $4.5 million that bears interest at an annual rate ranging between 2.00% and 4.00%. We entered into this line of credit to facilitate business transactions. At June 30, 2015, we had $4.5 million available under this line of credit.
We have a cash pool facility with RBS Nederland, NV in the amount of 4.0 million Euros that bears interest at an annual rate ranging between 2.00% and 4.00%. We entered into this line of credit to facilitate business transactions. At June 30, 2015, we had 4.0 million Euros available under this line of credit.
FINANCING NEEDS
Our primary cash needs are for operating expenses (such as salaries and fringe benefits, hiring and recruiting, business development and facilities), business acquisitions, stock buybacks, capital expenditures, and repayment of principal and interest on our borrowings.
Fiscal Year 2014 Share Repurchase
On June 2, 2014, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the “2014 Program”) authorizing the repurchase of up to $150.0 million of our common stock to be financed with cash on hand, cash generated from operations, existing credit facilities, or new financing.  On June 13, 2014, we entered into an agreement (the “2014 Agreement”) to purchase shares of our common stock from Goldman Sachs & Co. (“GS”), for an aggregate purchase price of $150.0 million pursuant to an accelerated share purchase program. Pursuant to the 2014 Agreement, in June 2014, we paid $150.0 million to GS and received from GS 2,284,844 shares of our common stock, representing 80% of the shares to be repurchased by us under the 2014 Agreement. The shares were repurchased at a price of $52.52 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 13, 2014. These shares were canceled and restored to the status of authorized and unissued shares. As of June 30, 2014, we recorded the $150.0 million payment to GS as a decrease to equity in our consolidated balance sheet, consisting of decreases in common stock and additional paid-in capital. As additional paid-in capital was reduced to zero, the remainder was applied as a reduction in retained earnings.
On October 31, 2014, we received 345,165 shares representing the final settlement of the 2014 Agreement and the 2014 Program was completed. Pursuant to the 2014 Program, we repurchased 2,630,009 shares of our common stock at an average price of $57.03 per share from June 2014 to October 2014.

42



Credit Agreements and Note Purchase Agreement
Our requirements for cash to pay principal and interest on our borrowings will increase significantly in future periods based on amounts borrowed under our 2014 Credit Agreement and the Notes. Our primary committed external source of funds is the 2014 Credit Agreement. Our principal source of cash is from the performance of services under contracts with our clients. If we are unable to generate new contracts with existing and new clients or if the level of contract cancellations increases, our revenue and cash flow would be adversely affected (see Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” for further detail on these risks). Absent a material adverse change in the level of our new business bookings or contract cancellations, we believe that our existing capital resources together with cash flow from operations and borrowing capacity under existing credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our foreseeable cash needs over the next twelve months and on a longer term basis. Depending upon our revenue and cash flow from operations, it is possible that we will require external funds to repay amounts outstanding under our 2014 Credit Agreement upon its maturity in 2019.
We expect to continue to acquire businesses that enhance our service and product offerings, expand our therapeutic expertise, and/or increase our global presence. Depending on their size, any future acquisitions may require additional external financing, and we may from time to time seek to obtain funds from public or private issuances of equity or debt securities. We may be unable to secure such financing at all or on terms acceptable to us, as a result of our outstanding borrowings, including our outstanding borrowings under the 2014 Credit Agreement.
Under the terms of the 2014 Credit Agreement, interest rates are fixed based on market indices at the time of borrowing and, depending upon the interest mechanism selected by us, may float thereafter. As a result, the amount of interest payable by us on our borrowings may increase if market interest rates change. However, we expect to mitigate the risk of increasing market interest rates with our hedging programs described below under Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Foreign Currency Exchange Rates and Interest Rates.”
DEBT, CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND GUARANTEES
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at June 30, 2015:
(in thousands)
 
Less than
1 year
 
2-3 years
 
4-5 years
 
More than
5 years
 
Total
Debt obligations (principal)
 
$
8,915

 
$
33,164

 
$
315,000

 
$

 
$
357,079

Operating leases
 
55,805

 
79,700

 
53,059

 
96,426

 
284,990

Purchase obligations*
 
105,143

 
44,623

 
2,116

 

 
151,882

Total
 
$
169,863

 
$
157,487

 
$
370,175

 
$
96,426

 
$
793,951

*includes commitments to purchase software, hardware, and services.
The above table does not include approximately $35.2 million of potential tax liabilities from unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions. See Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for more information.
We also did not include contingent payments related to the ClinIntel acquisition, as the amounts of these payments will be
determined based on the achievement of certain financial results. The final payment related to the ClinIntel acquisition may range from zero to $16.2 million. Any obligations will be paid during the first quarter of Fiscal Year 2017.
We have letter-of-credit agreements with banks, totaling approximately $9.9 million, guaranteeing performance under various operating leases and vendor agreements. Additionally, the borrowings under the 2013 Credit Agreement and Note Purchase Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our U.S. subsidiaries.
We periodically become involved in various claims and lawsuits that are incidental to our business. We believe, after consultation with counsel, that no matters currently pending would, in the event of an adverse outcome, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial position, changes in financial position, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to our investors.
RESTRUCTURING PLANS
In June 2015, we adopted the Margin Acceleration Program to restructure our operations to improve the productivity and efficiency of the Company, simplify the organization, and streamline decision-making, thereby enhancing client engagement. For Fiscal Year 2015, we recorded $20.0 million in restructuring charges related to the Margin Acceleration Program, which consisted entirely of employee separation benefits associated with the elimination of 370 managerial and staff positions. The Margin Acceleration Program is company wide and expected to result in pre-tax charges of between $35 million and $45.0 million. As a result of these initiatives, we expect to realize annual savings of between $25 million and $30 million for the restructuring charge of $20.0 million recorded under the Margin Acceleration Program in Fiscal Year 2015.

43



In April 2011, we adopted a plan to restructure our operations to reduce expenses, better align costs with geographic sources of revenue, and improve operating efficiencies (the “2011 Restructuring Plan”). During Fiscal Year 2014 and 2013, we recorded a $0.4 million and $1.2 million net reduction, respectively, to restructuring charges for adjustments to facility-related charges under the 2011 Restructuring Plan. The total cost of the 2011 Restructuring Plan was approximately $14.2 million and included the elimination of approximately 150 managerial and staff positions and costs related to the abandonment of certain property leases.
INFLATION
We believe the effects of inflation generally do not have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. As originally issued, ASU 2014-09 will be effective prospectively for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the proposal to defer the effective date of this standard by one year. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 16, 2016. We are assessing the impact of adopting ASU No. 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period (“ASU 2014-12”). ASU 2014-12 requires that a performance target that affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. A reporting entity should apply existing guidance in ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, as it relates to such awards. ASU 2014-12 is effective in the first quarter of our fiscal year ending June 30, 2017 with early adoption permitted using either of two methods: (i) prospective to all awards granted or modified after the effective date; or (ii) retrospective to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter, with the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-12 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. ASU No. 2015-02 amended the process that a reporting entity must follow to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. ASU No. 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years ending after December 15, 2015. Early application is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2015-02 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires the presentation of debt issuance costs in the consolidated balance sheets as a reduction to the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of debt issue costs continues to be classified as interest expense. ASU 2015-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted.

44



ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
MARKET RISK
Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and other relevant market rates or price changes. In the ordinary course of business, we are exposed to market risk resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, and we regularly evaluate our exposure to such changes. Our overall risk management strategy seeks to balance the magnitude of the exposure and the costs and availability of appropriate financial instruments.
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES AND INTEREST RATES
We derived approximately 51% of our consolidated service revenue for Fiscal Year 2015 from operations outside of the United States and 53% of our consolidated service revenue for Fiscal Year 2014 from operations outside of the United States. In addition, 12.2% of our consolidated revenue was denominated in Euros and 3.1% was denominated in pounds sterling for Fiscal Year 2015 while 13.7% of our consolidated revenue was denominated in Euros and 2.9% was denominated in pounds sterling for Fiscal Year 2014. We have no significant operations in any country in which the economy is considered to be highly inflationary. Our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar will affect the translation of financial results into U.S. dollars for purposes of reporting our consolidated financial results.
It is our policy to mitigate the risks associated with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Accordingly, we have instituted foreign currency hedging programs and an interest rate swap program. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for more information on our hedging programs and interest rate swap program.
As of June 30, 2015, we had programs with derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 and the related notional values of the derivatives were approximately $340.7 million, including two interest rate swap agreements with a total notional value of $125.0 million executed to hedge our borrowings under our 2013 Credit Agreement. Under certain circumstances, such as the occurrence of significant differences between actual cash payments and forecasted cash payments, the ASC 815 programs could be deemed ineffective. In that event, the unrealized gains and losses related to these derivatives, which are currently reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, would be recognized in earnings. As of June 30, 2015, the estimated amount that could be recognized in earnings was a gain of approximately $0.3 million, net of tax.
As of June 30, 2015, the notional value of derivatives that were not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 was approximately $127.8 million.
During Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2014, we recorded foreign currency exchange gains of $7.0 million and a gain of $3.5 million, respectively, which reflects foreign currency exchange gains in 2015 and losses in 2014. We also have exposure to additional foreign exchange rate risk as it relates to assets and liabilities that are not part of the economic hedge or designated hedging programs, but quantification of this risk is difficult to assess at any given point in time.
Our exposure to interest rate changes relates primarily to the amount of our short-term and long-term debt. Short-term debt was $8.9 million at June 30, 2015 and $12.5 million at June 30, 2014. Long-term debt was $348.2 million at June 30, 2015 and $337.5 million at June 30, 2014. Based on average short-term and long-term debt for Fiscal Year 2015, an increase in the average interest rate of 100 basis points would decrease our pre-tax earnings and cash flows by approximately $1.3 million on an annual basis.
In April and May 2013, we entered into three treasury lock agreements, each with a notional amount of $25.0 million, in connection with the planned issuance of our Notes that were issued in July 2013.  The three treasury locks were used to minimize our interest rate exposure prior to locking in the fixed interest rate on our Notes.  The treasury locks matured in May 2013 when the interest rates on our Notes were fixed. The treasury locks were deemed to be fully effective in accordance with ASC 815, and as such, the unrealized gains related to these derivatives are recorded as other comprehensive income and are amortized over the life of the Notes as interest income. 


45



Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
For the years ended June 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Service revenue
 
$
2,015,981

 
$
1,939,360

 
$
1,734,442

Reimbursement revenue
 
314,293

 
326,982

 
261,524

Total revenue
 
2,330,274

 
2,266,342

 
1,995,966

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct costs
 
1,344,153

 
1,279,178

 
1,207,536

Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses
 
314,293

 
326,982

 
261,524

Selling, general and administrative
 
367,192

 
379,800

 
318,806

Depreciation
 
69,321

 
66,376

 
63,187

Amortization
 
15,618

 
14,952

 
9,999

Restructuring charge (benefit)
 
19,845

 
(444
)
 
(1,209
)
Total costs and expenses
 
2,130,422

 
2,066,844

 
1,859,843

Income from operations
 
199,852

 
199,498

 
136,123

Interest expense, net
 
(7,009
)
 
(9,088
)
 
(7,238
)
Miscellaneous income (expense), net
 
7,387

 
(2,549
)
 
4,265

Total other income (expense), net
 
378

 
(11,637
)
 
(2,973
)
Income before provision for income taxes
 
200,230

 
187,861

 
133,150

Provision for income taxes
 
52,409

 
58,767

 
37,178

Net income
 
$
147,821

 
$
129,094

 
$
95,972

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
2.69

 
$
2.28

 
$
1.64

Diluted
 
$
2.65

 
$
2.25

 
$
1.61

Weighted average shares:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
54,915

 
56,504

 
58,388

Diluted
 
55,838

 
57,477

 
59,447

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income:
 


 


 


Net income
 
$
147,821

 
$
129,094

 
$
95,972

Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments, net of taxes
 
(3,883
)
 
5,078

 
624

Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
(94,075
)
 
27,050

 
(1,523
)
Total comprehensive income
 
$
49,863

 
$
161,222

 
$
95,073

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


46



PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2014
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
207,404

 
$
188,171

Marketable securities
 

 
95,641

Billed accounts receivable, net
 
460,561

 
497,109

Unbilled accounts receivable, net
 
262,200

 
225,514

Prepaid expenses
 
15,650

 
13,641

Deferred tax assets
 
59,058

 
54,061

Income taxes receivable
 
12,761

 

Other current assets
 
44,405

 
47,995

Total current assets
 
1,062,039

 
1,122,132

Property and equipment, net
 
241,211

 
234,164

Goodwill
 
354,907

 
329,520

Other intangible assets, net
 
142,090

 
91,855

Non-current deferred tax assets
 
11,703

 
6,669

Long-term income taxes receivable
 
11,128

 
13,406

Other assets
 
41,943

 
36,254

Total assets
 
$
1,865,021

 
$
1,834,000

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt
 
$
8,915

 
$
12,501

Accounts payable
 
81,242

 
66,483

Deferred revenue
 
371,815

 
422,441

Accrued expenses
 
33,446

 
51,189

Accrued restructuring charges, current portion
 
20,172

 
845

Accrued employee benefits and withholdings
 
152,712

 
175,840

Current deferred tax liabilities
 
9,976

 
16,592

Income taxes payable
 
13,130

 
19,384

Other current liabilities
 
18,164

 
5,957

Total current liabilities
 
709,572

 
771,232

Long-term debt, net of current portion
 
345,374

 
334,443

Non-current deferred tax liabilities
 
32,954

 
32,598

Long-term income tax liabilities
 
27,121

 
29,525

Long-term deferred revenue
 
42,147

 
44,523

Other liabilities
 
42,567

 
43,998

Total liabilities
 
1,199,735

 
1,256,319

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock - $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, respectively.
 

 

Common stock - $0.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 55,237,068 and 54,661,877 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, respectively.
 
552

 
547

Additional paid-in capital
 
37,737

 

Retained earnings
 
722,865

 
575,044

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) gain
 
(95,868
)
 
2,090

Total stockholders’ equity
 
665,286

 
577,681

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
1,865,021

 
$
1,834,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

47



PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
 
 
Common Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
 
Number
of Shares
 
Par
Value
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2012
 
60,147

 
$
601

 
$
279,535

 
$
358,678

 
$
(29,139
)
 
$
609,675

Shares issued under stock option/restricted stock/employee stock purchase plans, net
 
1,470

 
15

 
15,256

 

 

 
15,271

Stock-based compensation
 

 

 
11,168

 

 

 
11,168

Excess tax benefit related to employee equity awards
 

 

 
5,400

 

 

 
5,400

Share repurchase
 
(5,306
)
 
(53
)
 
(197,588
)
 

 

 
(197,641
)
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of taxes
 

 

 

 

 
624

 
624

Foreign currency translation adjustment
 

 

 

 

 
(1,523
)
 
(1,523
)
Net income
 

 

 

 
95,972

 

 
95,972

Balance at June 30, 2013
 
56,311

 
$
563

 
$
113,771

 
$
454,650

 
$
(30,038
)
 
$
538,946

Shares issued under stock option/restricted stock/employee stock purchase plans, net
 
788

 
8

 
6,754

 

 

 
6,762

Stock-based compensation
 

 

 
15,329

 

 

 
15,329

Excess tax benefit related to employee equity awards
 

 

 
7,837

 

 

 
7,837

Share repurchase
 
(2,437
)
 
(24
)
 
(143,691
)
 
(8,700
)
 

 
(152,415
)
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of taxes
 

 

 

 

 
5,078

 
5,078

Foreign currency translation adjustment
 

 

 

 

 
27,050

 
27,050

Net income
 

 

 

 
129,094

 

 
129,094

Balance at June 30, 2014
 
54,662

 
$
547

 
$

 
$
575,044

 
$
2,090

 
$
577,681

Shares issued under stock option/restricted stock/employee stock purchase plans, net
 
920

 
9

 
12,648

 

 

 
12,657

Stock-based compensation
 

 

 
17,932

 

 

 
17,932

Excess tax benefit related to employee equity awards
 

 

 
7,153

 

 

 
7,153

Share repurchase
 
(345
)
 
(4
)
 
4

 

 

 

Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of taxes
 

 

 

 

 
(3,883
)
 
(3,883
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 

 

 

 

 
(94,075
)
 
(94,075
)
Net income
 

 

 

 
147,821

 

 
147,821

Balance at June 30, 2015
 
55,237

 
$
552

 
$
37,737

 
$
722,865

 
$
(95,868
)
 
$
665,286

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

48



PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
 
For the years ended June 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Cash flow from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
147,821

 
$
129,094

 
$
95,972

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
84,939

 
81,328

 
73,186

Stock-based compensation
 
17,932

 
15,329

 
11,168

Loss (gain) on disposal of assets
 
317

 
273

 
(884
)
Deferred income taxes
 
(16,128
)
 
(14,704
)
 
2,830

Impairment charges
 

 

 
1,071

Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
 
(7,185
)
 
(7,850
)
 
(5,624
)
Other non-cash items
 
(5,315
)
 
(953
)
 
659

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of the effect from acquisitions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Billed and unbilled accounts receivable
 
(24,445
)
 
(23,089
)
 
(51,292
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
(3,090
)
 
(10,803
)
 
(6,751
)
Other assets
 
(11,941
)
 
6,780

 
(6,693
)
Accounts payable
 
19,000

 
11,529

 
3,955

Deferred revenue
 
(33,661
)
 
46,687

 
47,531

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
9,682

 
28,861

 
18,659

Long-term income taxes payable, net of long-term income taxes receivable
 
(10,626
)
 
13,119

 
(1,440
)
Other liabilities
 
(9,457
)
 
11,600

 
1,468

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
157,843

 
287,201

 
183,815

Cash flow from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of marketable securities
 

 
(250,318
)
 
(312,403
)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities
 
88,564

 
291,824

 
182,800

Purchases of property and equipment
 
(80,167
)
 
(72,585
)
 
(81,089
)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
 
(104,462
)
 
(150
)
 
(97,099
)
Proceeds from collection of note receivable
 

 

 
659

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
 

 

 
1,677

Net cash used in investing activities
 
(96,065
)
 
(31,229
)
 
(305,455
)
Cash flow from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of tax payments for cashless exercises
 
12,657

 
6,762

 
15,271

Payments for share repurchase
 

 
(154,906
)
 
(195,149
)
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
 
7,185

 
7,850

 
5,624

Borrowings under credit agreement/facility
 
429,579

 
502,500

 
795,000

Repayments under credit agreement/facility
 
(422,500
)
 
(590,000
)
 
(577,500
)
Borrowings under factoring agreement
 

 
4,497

 
10,394

Payments for debt issuance costs
 
(684
)
 
(671
)
 
(1,231
)
Repayments under other debt
 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
26,237

 
(223,968
)
 
52,409

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 
(68,782
)
 
12,140

 
(321
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
19,233

 
44,144

 
(69,552
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 
188,171

 
144,027

 
213,579

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 
$
207,404

 
$
188,171

 
$
144,027

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash capital expenditures
 
$
(6,855
)
 
$

 
$

Non-cash debt settlement under factoring agreement
 
$

 
$
14,891

 
$

Net cash paid during year for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
 
$
10,820

 
$
13,710

 
$
9,962

Income taxes, net of refunds
 
$
78,432

 
$
61,027

 
$
37,764

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

49



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
PAREXEL International Corporation (“PAREXEL,” “the Company,” or “we”) is a leading biopharmaceutical outsourcing services company, providing a broad range of expertise in clinical research, clinical logistics, medical communications, consulting, commercialization and advanced technology products and services to the worldwide pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. Our primary objective is to provide quality solutions for managing the biopharmaceutical product lifecycle with the goal of reducing the time, risk, and cost associated with the development and commercialization of new therapies. Since our incorporation in 1983, we have developed significant expertise in processes and technologies supporting this strategy. Our product and service offerings include: clinical trials management, observational studies and patient/disease registries, data management, biostatistical analysis, epidemiology, health economics/outcomes research, pharmacovigilance, medical communications, clinical pharmacology, patient recruitment, clinical supply and drug logistics, post-marketing surveillance, regulatory and product development and commercialization consulting, health policy and reimbursement and market access consulting, medical imaging services, regulatory information management (“RIM”) solutions, randomization and trial supply management services (“RTSM”), electronic data capture systems (“EDC”), clinical trial management systems (“CTMS”), web-based portals, systems integration, patient diary applications, and other product development tools and services.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PAREXEL International Corporation, our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Cash Pooling Arrangement, Net Presentation
We have a cash pooling arrangement with RBS Nederland, NV. Pooling occurs when debit balances are offset against credit balances and the overall net position is used as a basis by the bank for calculating the overall pool interest payable or receivable amount. Each legal entity owned by us and party to this arrangement remains the owner of either a credit (deposit) or a debit (overdraft) balance. Therefore, interest income is earned by legal entities with credit balances, while interest expense is charged to legal entities with debit balances. Based on the pool’s aggregate balance, the bank then (1) recalculates the overall interest to be charged or earned, (2) compares this amount with the sum of previously charged/earned interest amounts per account and (3) additionally pays/charges the difference.
Use of Estimates
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses on receivables, valuation of derivative instruments, periodic impairment reviews of goodwill and intangible assets, contingent consideration, income taxes, and the valuation of acquired and long-term assets. Our estimates are based on the facts and circumstances available at the time estimates are made, historical experience, risk of loss, general economic conditions, trends, and assessments of the probable future outcomes of these matters. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of changes, if any, are reflected in the statement of operations in the period in which they are determined.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximates the carrying value of these financial instruments because of the short-term nature of any maturities. We determine the estimated fair values of other financial instruments, using available market information and valuation methodologies, primarily discounted cash flow analysis or input from independent investment bankers.
Segments
We identify a business as an operating segment if: i) it engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; ii) its operating results are regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker who is our chief executive officer, and iii) it has available discrete financial information. We aggregate our operating segments into a reportable segment if the operating segments are determined to have similar economic characteristics and are similar in the nature of products and services, nature of production processes, type or class of customer for their products and services, product or service distribution method and, if applicable, nature of the regulatory environment. We have three reportable segments: Clinical Research Services (“CRS”), PAREXEL Consulting Services (“PC”), and PAREXEL Informatics (“PI”).

50

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


In February 2014, we announced the launch of PAREXEL Regulatory Outsourcing Services (“PROS”), which was designed to provide a focused, market-driven approach to regulatory outsourcing services in the life science industry, with a primary emphasis on post-approval regulatory activities. This service line offering was previously included within LIQUENT RIM solutions and reported within the PI segment. Effective July 1, 2014, we began reporting the operating results of PROS in the PC segment consistent with how the Company’s principal executive officer began monitoring the business in the first quarter of Fiscal Year 2015. All periods presented have been retroactively revised accordingly to reflect the new reporting segments.
Revenue Recognition
We derive revenue from the delivery of service or software solutions to clients in the worldwide pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the service offering has been delivered to the client; (3) the collection of fees is probable; and (4) the amount of fees to be paid by the client is fixed or determinable. Revenue recognition treatment of each business segment is described below.
CRS and PC Service Revenue
Service revenues in our CRS and PC businesses are derived principally from fee-for-service or fixed-price executory contracts, which typically involve competitive bid awards and multi-year terms. Client billing schedules and payment arrangements are prescribed under negotiated contract terms. Contract provisions do not provide for rights of return or refund, but normally include rights of cancellation with notice, in which case services delivered through the cancellation date are due and payable by the client, including certain costs to conclude the trial or study.
Our client arrangements generally involve multiple service deliverables, where bundled service deliverables are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-25, “Multiple-Element Arrangements.” We determined that each of our service deliverables have standalone value. ASC 605-25 requires the allocation of contract (arrangement) value to each separate unit of accounting based on the relative selling price of the various separate units of accounting in the arrangement. ASC 605-25 requires a hierarchy of evidence be followed when determining if evidence of the selling price of an item exists such that the best evidence of selling price of a unit of accounting is vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), or the price charged when a deliverable is sold separately. When VSOE is not available to determine selling price, relevant third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price should be used, if available. Lastly, when neither VSOE nor TPE of selling price for similar deliverables exists, management must use its best estimate of selling price considering all relevant information that is available without undue cost and effort.
We generally are not able to establish VSOE as our deliverables are seldom sold separately. We have established TPE of selling price for each of our arrangement deliverables based on the price we charge for equivalent services when sold to other similar customers as well as our knowledge of market-pricing from the competitive bidding process for customer contracts offering similar services to comparably situated customers. Consequently, we allocate arrangement consideration at the inception of the arrangement using the relative selling prices of the deliverables within the contract based on TPE.
We recognize revenues for the separate elements of our contracts upon delivery of actual units of output and when all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Revenue from fee-for-service contracts generally is recognized as units of output are delivered. Revenue on fixed-price contracts generally is measured by applying a proportional performance model using output units, such as site or investigator recruitment, patient enrollment, data management, or other deliverables common to our CRS business. Performance-based output units are pre-defined in contracts and revenue is recognized based upon actual units of completion. Revenue related to changes in contract scope, which are subject to client approval, is recognized when realization is assured and amounts are fixed or determinable.
PI Service Revenue
Service revenue is derived principally from the delivery of software solutions through our PI business segment. Software solutions include ClinPhone®RTSM, CTMS, EDC and RIM.
Within PI’s Clinphone® RTSM business, we offer selected software solutions through a hosted application delivered through a standard web-browser. We recognize revenue from application hosting services in accordance with ASC 985-605, “Software” and ASC 605-25 as our customers do not have the right to take possession of the software. Revenue resulting from these hosting services consists of three stages: set-up (client specification and workflow), hosting and support services, and closeout reporting.
Fees charged and costs incurred in the set-up stage are deferred until the start of the hosting period and are amortized and recognized ratably over the estimated hosting period, including customary and expected extensions. Deferred costs are direct costs associated with the trial and application setup. These costs include salary and benefits associated with direct labor costs incurred during trial setup, as well as third-party subcontract fees and other contract labor costs. In the event of a contract

51

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


cancellation by a client, all deferred revenue is recognized and all deferred setup costs are expensed. To the extent that termination-related fees are payable under the contract, such fees are recognized in the period of termination.
PI's Medical Imaging business provides a service allowing customers to manage the image acquisitions and the analysis and quality of data obtained during a clinical trial. Service revenue is derived from executory contracts that are tailored to meet individual client requirements.  Client billing schedules and payment arrangements are prescribed under negotiated contract terms. We recognize service revenue related to our Medical Imaging business based upon a proportional performance method utilizing a unitized output method. The defined units used for revenue recognition are used to track output measures that are specific to the services being provided in the contract, and may include site survey reports, project management tasks, number of reviews completed, and image receipt and processing.
Reimbursement Revenue & Investigator Fees
Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Income under “Reimbursement revenue” and “Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses,” as we are the primary obligor for these expenses despite being reimbursed by our clients. In addition, as is customary in our industry, we routinely subcontract on behalf of our clients with independent physician investigators in connection with clinical trials. The related investigator fees are not reflected in our Service revenue, Reimbursement revenue, Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses, or Direct costs, because these fees are reimbursed by clients on a “pass through basis,” without risk or reward to us. The amounts of these investigator fees were $461.0 million, $523.1 million, and $421.2 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
Business Combinations
We account for acquisitions as business combinations in accordance with ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations.” We allocate the amounts that we pay for each acquisition to the assets we acquire and liabilities we assume based on their fair values at the dates of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets. We base the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management and which consider management's best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. We allocate any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired to goodwill.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.
Marketable Securities
We account for investments in debt and equity securities in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities.”
Marketable securities are held in foreign government treasury certificates that are actively traded and have original maturities over 90 days but less than one year. Our foreign government treasury certificates securities are classified as held-to-maturity based on our intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity and are recorded at amortized cost, which is not materially different than fair value. We do not intend to sell the securities and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity. Interest and dividends related to these securities are reported as a component of interest income in our consolidated statements of income.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that subject us to credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative financial instrument contracts, and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalent balances with high-quality financial institutions and, consequently, we believe that such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. Our marketable securities primarily consist of foreign government treasury certificates.
We have approximately seven different counterparties in our derivative contracts, which include interest rate swaps, an interest rate cap and foreign currency hedges. Each of these counterparties is in the financial services industry and is subject to the credit risks inherent to that industry. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of these counterparties.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations related to the financial condition of our clients and, generally, do not require collateral. As of June 30, 2015, two clients individually accounted for 12% and 11% of our total billed and unbilled accounts receivables. As of June 30, 2014, one client individually accounted for 20% of our billed and unbilled accounts receivables. For the year ended June 30, 2015 (“Fiscal Year 2015”), one client individually accounted for 14% of our consolidated service revenue. For the year ended June 30, 2014 (“Fiscal Year 2014”), two clients individually accounted for 16% and 11% of our consolidated service revenue. For the year ended June 30, 2013 (“Fiscal Year 2013”), two clients individually accounted for 17% and 12% of our consolidated service revenue.

52

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Billed Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Accounts Receivable and Deferred Revenue
Billed accounts receivable represent amounts for which invoices have been sent to clients based on contract terms. Unbilled accounts receivable represent amounts recognized as revenue for which invoices have not yet been sent to clients due to contract terms. Deferred revenue represents amounts billed based on contractual provisions or payments received for which revenue has not yet been earned. We maintain a provision for losses on receivables based on historical collectability and specific identification of potential problem accounts. Uncollectible invoices are written off when collection efforts have been exhausted.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of 3 to 8 years for computer software and hardware, and 5 years for office furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the remaining lease term, which include lease extensions when reasonably assured. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Development of Software for Internal Use
PAREXEL accounts for the costs of software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40, “Internal-Use Software.” We capitalize costs of materials, consultants, payroll, and payroll-related costs for employees incurred in developing internal-use software. These costs are included in computer software in Note 5 below. Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are charged to expense.
Research and Development Costs
We incur ongoing research and development costs related to core technologies used internally as well as software and technology sold externally. Unless eligible for capitalization, these costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expense was $24.0 million, $26.9 million, and $23.8 million in Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
Goodwill
PAREXEL follows the provisions of ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other.” Under this statement, goodwill as well as certain other intangible assets, determined to have an indefinite life, are not amortized. Instead, these assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. For Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014, we performed the intangibles impairment testing in accordance with the guidance of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment,” and conducted an assessment of qualitative factors. We concluded that it was not more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, including goodwill as of June 30, 2015 and 2014. There was no evidence of impairment of our goodwill balances as of June 30, 2015 or 2014.
Long-lived Assets and Other Intangible Assets
Long-lived assets, including fixed assets and intangible assets which have a definitive life, are reviewed for impairment when circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets might not be recoverable.
Indefinite-lived assets are reviewed annually or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying value of the asset. For Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014, we performed the intangibles impairment testing in accordance with the guidance under ASU No. 2012-02, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment.” and conducted an assessment of qualitative factors and concluded that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets was less than its carrying amount as of June 30, 2015 and 2014. There was no evidence of impairment of our indefinite-lived intangible asset balances as of June 30, 2015 or 2014. Intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value and stated net of accumulated amortization and impairments. The Company amortizes its intangible assets that have finite lives using either the straight-line method, or if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the asset is expected to be utilized. Amortization is recorded over the estimated useful lives ranging from 1 to 15 years.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are recognized for the estimated future tax benefits of deductible temporary differences and tax operating loss and credit carryforwards and are presented net of valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are established in jurisdictions where it is more likely than not that the benefits of the associated deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred income tax expense represents the change in the net deferred tax asset and liability balances. Interest and penalties are recognized as a component of income tax expense

53

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Foreign Currency
Assets and liabilities of PAREXEL’s international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates that are in effect on the balance sheet date and equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. Translation adjustments are accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet. Transaction gains and losses are included in miscellaneous expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations. Transaction gains (losses) were $7.0 million, $(3.5) million, and $4.1 million in Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards. We do not have any participating securities outstanding nor do we have more than one class of common stock.
Recently Implemented Accounting Standards
In March 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-05, “Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity.” ASU 2013-05 addresses the accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. We adopted ASU 2013-05 beginning in our fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2014. The adoption of ASU 2013-05 did not impact our consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which stipulates that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. As originally issued, ASU 2014-09 will be effective prospectively for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the proposal to defer the effective date of this standard by one year. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 16, 2016. We are assessing the impact of adopting ASU No. 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period (“ASU 2014-12”). ASU 2014-12 requires that a performance target that affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. A reporting entity should apply existing guidance in ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, as it relates to such awards. ASU 2014-12 is effective in the first quarter of our fiscal year ending June 30, 2017 with early adoption permitted using either of two methods: (i) prospective to all awards granted or modified after the effective date; or (ii) retrospective to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter, with the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-12 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” ASU No. 2015-02 amended the process that a reporting entity must follow to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. ASU 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years ending after December 15, 2015. Early application is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2015-02 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires the presentation of debt issuance costs in the consolidated balance sheets as a reduction to the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of debt issue costs continues to be classified as interest expense. ASU 2015-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted.


54

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 3 – ACQUISITIONS
The pro forma effects of the acquisitions described below are not significant to the Company's reported results for any period presented. Accordingly, no pro forma financial statements have been presented herein.
LIQUENT ACQUISITION
On December 21, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of LIQUENT, Inc. (“LIQUENT”), a leading global provider of RIM solutions for total cash consideration of $74.3 million. By combining LIQUENT with our PI segment, we believe that we have strengthened our regulatory capabilities by adding a regulatory information technology platform and provide our clients access to comprehensive regulatory agency submission planning, viewing, tracking, publishing, and registration management throughout the entire product lifecycle of a life sciences entity. Effective July 1, 2014, a component of LIQUENT’s RIM solutions, the regulatory outsourcing services, began being reported as part of our PC segment (see Note 17).
The acquisition was initially funded through a new $100.0 million unsecured term loan agreement (the “2012 Term Loan”) with Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”) (see Note 8).
HERON ACQUISITION
On April 30, 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of HERON Group LTD (“HERON”), a life sciences consultancy which provides evidence-based commercialization services to support biopharmaceutical companies throughout the lifecycle of their products. The net purchase price was approximately $22.8 million, plus the potential for us to pay up to an additional $14.2 million over a twenty-six month period if specific financial targets for HERON are achieved. We determined the fair value of the contingent consideration as part of the HERON acquisition based on the probability of HERON attaining the specified financial targets and at acquisition assigned a fair value of $5.9 million to the liability. The acquisition was funded through use of existing cash. HERON's results of operations are included in our PC segment.
ATLAS ACQUISITION
On July 1, 2014, we acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of ATLAS, a provider of clinical research services in Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa, for approximately $2.1 million. ATLAS provides services across all phases of clinical development, has broad therapeutic expertise, and provides clinical trial-related services from study planning and feasibility, through site selection, data management and medical writing. The business has been integrated into our CRS segment. The acquisition was funded with existing cash. The fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The goodwill of $1.4 million arising from the Atlas acquisition largely reflects the expansion of our service offerings across geographic markets complementary to our existing markets. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
CLININTEL ACQUISITION
On October 3, 2014, we acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of privately-owned ClinIntel, a provider of clinical Randomization and Trial Supply Management (RTSM) services, based in the United Kingdom. ClinIntel’s offerings have been combined into the ClinPhone® RTSM suite and are designed to make patient randomization and clinical supply chain solutions more efficient. Capabilities include advanced RTSM technologies for planning, forecasting and supply chain eLogistics. The business has been integrated into the PI segment.
The purchase price for the acquisition was approximately $8.8 million, plus the potential to pay up to an additional $16.2 million over a twenty-one month period following the acquisition date if ClinIntel achieves certain financial targets. We funded the acquisition with existing cash.

55

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


The acquired assets and assumed liabilities from ClinIntel were recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. We finalized the fair value estimates of the acquired assets and the assumed liabilities in June 2015. The components of the consideration transferred in conjunction with the ClinIntel acquisition and the respective fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date is as follows (in thousands):
Total Consideration transferred:
 
 
    Cash paid, net of cash acquired
 
$
8,780

    Fair value of contingent consideration
 
9,882

Net purchase price
 
$
18,662

Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
 

    Accounts receivable
 
$
460

    Definite-lived intangible assets
 
6,200

    Goodwill
 
13,377

          Total assets acquired
 
20,037

    Current liabilities
 
135

    Deferred tax liabilities
 
1,240

         Total liabilities assumed
 
1,375

Fair value of net assets acquired:
 
$
18,662

The fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The goodwill of $13.4 million arising from the ClinIntel acquisition largely reflects the potential synergies and expansion of our service offerings across products and markets complementary to our existing service offering and markets. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The following are the identifiable intangible assets acquired and their respective fair value and estimated useful lives (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Amount
 
Estimated Useful Life (Years)
Customer relationships
 
$
2,300

 
10
Technology
 
3,900

 
8
   Total
 
$
6,200

 
 
QUANTUM SOLUTIONS INDIA ACQUISITION
On April 13, 2015, we acquired all of the business assets of privately-owned Quantum Solutions India (“QSI”), a leading provider of specialized pharmacovigilance services, based in Chandigarh, India. Pharmacovigilance is the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention of adverse effects associated with pharmaceutical products. The business has been integrated into our CRS segment.
We paid approximately $93.6 million for the assets of QSI. We funded the acquisition through use of existing cash held outside of the United States.

56

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


The acquired assets and assumed liabilities from QSI were recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. The consideration transferred in conjunction with the QSI acquisition and the respective estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date is as follows (in thousands):
Total Consideration transferred:
 
 
    Cash paid, net of cash acquired
 
$
93,582

Preliminary Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
 
 
    Accounts receivable
 
$
4,896

    Other Current Assets
 
1,381

    Property and equipment

 
1,955

    Definite-lived intangible assets
 
62,390

    Goodwill
 
24,061

          Total assets acquired
 
94,683

    Current liabilities
 
1,101

         Total liabilities assumed
 
1,101

Fair value of net assets acquired:
 
$
93,582

The amounts above represent our preliminary fair value estimates as of June 30, 2015 and may be subject to subsequent adjustment as we obtain additional information during the measurement period and finalize our fair value estimates. We expect to complete our accounting for the QSI acquisition by the year ended June 30, 2016.
The goodwill of $24.1 million arising from the QSI acquisition largely reflects the potential synergies and expansion of our service offerings across products and markets complementary to our existing service offering and markets. All of the goodwill held in the respective jurisdiction is deductible for tax purposes.
The following are the preliminary identifiable intangible assets acquired and their respective estimated useful lives, as determined based on preliminary valuations (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Amount
 
Estimated Useful Life (Years)
Customer relationships
 
$
56,300

 
10
Backlog
 
4,730

 
1
Trade name
 
1,360

 
5
   Total
 
$
62,390

 
 
NOTE 4. DERIVATIVES
We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. Accordingly, we have instituted interest rate and foreign currency hedging programs that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 815.
Our interest rate hedging program is a cash flow hedge program designed to minimize interest rate volatility. We swap the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount, at specified intervals. We also employed an interest rate cap, which matured in March 2014, that compensates us if variable interest rates rise above a pre-determined rate. Our interest rate contracts are designated as hedging instruments.
Our foreign currency hedging program is a cash flow hedge program designed to mitigate foreign currency exchange rate volatility due to the foreign currency exchange exposure related to intercompany and significant external transactions. This program was expanded in Fiscal Year 2013 in order to reduce the impact of foreign exchange rate risk on our direct costs. In Fiscal Year 2014, we further expanded the program to reduce the foreign exchange rate risk on our service revenues. We primarily utilize forward currency exchange contracts and cross-currency swaps with maturities of no more than 12 months. These contracts are designated as hedging instruments.
We also enter into other economic hedges to mitigate foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk related to intercompany and significant external transactions. These contracts are not designated as hedges in accordance with ASC 815.
The following table presents the notional amounts and fair values of our derivatives as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014. All asset and liability amounts are reported in other current and non-current assets and other current and non-current liabilities.

57

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


 
June 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2014
(in thousands)
Notional
Amount
 
Asset
(Liability)
 
Notional
Amount
 
Asset
(Liability)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
 
 
Derivatives in an asset position:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
100,000

 
$
788

 
$
100,000

 
$
2,049

Foreign exchange contracts
140,596

 
2,904

 
154,845

 
5,375

Cross-currency swap contracts

 

 
25,560

 
528

Derivatives in a liability position:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
25,000

 
(69
)
 
100,000

 
(1,469
)
Foreign exchange contracts
56,105

 
(4,564
)
 
37,736

 
(369
)
Cross-currency swap contracts
18,998

 
(2,744
)
 

 

Total designated derivatives
$
340,699

 
$
(3,685
)
 
$
418,141

 
$
6,114

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
Derivatives in an asset position:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
46,119

 
$
635

 
$
100,849

 
$
1,062

Derivatives in a liability position:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
81,662

 
(1,843
)
 
49,863

 
(133
)
Total non-designated derivatives
$
127,781

 
$
(1,208
)
 
$
150,712

 
$
929

Total derivatives
$
468,480

 
$
(4,893
)
 
$
568,853

 
$
7,043

Under certain circumstances, such as the occurrence of significant differences between actual cash payments and forecasted cash payments, the ASC 815 programs could be deemed ineffective. We record the effective portion of any change in the fair value of derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 to other accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets, net of deferred taxes, and any ineffective portion to miscellaneous (expense) income, net in our consolidated statements of income. During Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014, the amounts recorded in miscellaneous (expense) income, net in our consolidated statements of income to reflect ineffective portions of any hedges were a loss of $2.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
The amounts recognized for Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2014 in other comprehensive income (loss) are presented below:
 
 
Years Ended
(in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
Interest rate contracts, net of taxes
 
$
50

 
$
(322
)
Foreign exchange contracts, net of taxes
 
(3,860
)
 
5,423

Cross-currency swap contracts, net of taxes
 
(73
)
 
(23
)
Total designated derivative unrealized gain (loss), net
 
$
(3,883
)
 
$
5,078

The unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments is net of $2.6 million and $3.2 million of taxes for Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014, respectively. The estimated net amount of the existing gains that are expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months is $1.0 million.
The change in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 is recorded to miscellaneous (expense) income, net in our consolidated statements of income. The total gains and losses related to foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments were a loss of $18.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2015 and a gain of $0.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2014. The unrealized (loss) gain recognized are presented below:
 
 
Years Ended
(in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
 
$

 
$
1,910

Foreign exchange contracts
 
(2,137
)
 
1,830

Total non-designated derivative unrealized gain (loss), net
 
$
(2,137
)
 
$
3,740


58

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment at June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
Property and equipment:
 
 
 
 
Computer software
 
$
377,843

 
$
337,494

Computer hardware and office equipment
 
110,874

 
108,717

Leasehold improvements
 
100,372

 
97,280

Medical equipment
 
16,496

 
17,577

Furniture and fixtures
 
30,179

 
28,837

Office equipment and other assets
 
16,370

 
17,930

Total
 
652,134

 
607,835

Less: accumulated depreciation
 
(410,923
)
 
(373,671
)
Total
 
$
241,211

 
$
234,164

We retired $6.5 million, $2.0 million and $13.0 million of fully-depreciated assets for Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Fiscal Year 2015
 
Fiscal Year 2014
Beginning Balance
 
$
329,520

 
$
319,478

Goodwill arising from QSI acquisition
 
24,060

 

Goodwill arising from ClinIntel acquisition
 
13,377

 

Goodwill arising from ATLAS acquisition
 
1,447

 

Goodwill arising from Heron acquisition
 

 
304

Goodwill arising from Liquent acquisition
 

 
280

Effect of changes in exchange rates used for translation
 
(13,497
)
 
9,458

Ending Balance
 
$
354,907

 
$
329,520

As of June 30, 2015, the carrying value of our goodwill by reportable segment was $143.8 million in CRS, $20.6 million in PC, and $190.5 million in PI.
Long-lived Assets and Other Intangible Assets
As of June 30, 2015, intangible assets consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
 
Weighted
Average Useful
Life (years)
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization/
Effect
of Exchange Rate
Changes
 
Net
Intangible Asset
Customer relationships and backlog
 
11.5
 
$
167,378

 
$
(57,501
)
 
$
109,877

Technology and other intangibles
 
8.0
 
39,547

 
(28,822
)
 
10,725

Definite-life tradename
 
7.0
 
5,260

 
(1,321
)
 
3,939

Indefinite-life tradename *
 
indefinite
 
22,158

 
(4,609
)
 
17,549

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
234,343

 
$
(92,253
)
 
$
142,090

* The tradename acquired in the ClinPhone acquisition has an indefinite useful life.

59

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


As of June 30, 2014, intangible assets consisted of the following:
(in thousands)
 
Weighted
Average Useful
Life (years)
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization/
Effect
of Exchange Rate
Changes
 
Net
Intangible Asset
Customer relationships
 
12.8
 
$
104,048

 
$
(45,028
)
 
$
59,020

Technology and other intangibles
 
7.9
 
35,647

 
(24,191
)
 
11,456

Definite-life tradename
 
7.7
 
3,900

 
(673
)
 
3,227

Indefinite-life tradename *
 
indefinite
 
22,158

 
(4,006
)
 
18,152

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
165,753

 
$
(73,898
)
 
$
91,855

* The tradename acquired in the ClinPhone acquisition has an indefinite useful life.
The changes in the carrying amounts of other intangible assets for Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
Fiscal Year 2015
 
Fiscal Year 2014
Beginning Balance
 
$
91,855

 
$
103,514

Intangibles assets acquired from QSI acquisition
 
62,390

 

Intangibles assets acquired from ClinIntel acquisition
 
6,200

 

Intangibles assets (adjusted) acquired from LIQUENT acquisition
 

 
(400
)
Amortization
 
(15,618
)
 
(14,952
)
Effect of changes in exchange rates used for translation
 
(2,737
)
 
3,693

Ending Balance
 
$
142,090

 
$
91,855

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows:
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FY 2016
 
FY 2017
 
FY 2018
 
FY 2019
 
FY 2020
$22,316
 
$19,460
 
$17,589
 
$15,723
 
$14,112
NOTE 7. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
In June 2015, the Board of Directors approved a plan (the “Margin Acceleration Program”) to restructure our operations to improve the productivity and efficiency of the Company, simplify the organization, and streamline decision-making, thereby enhancing client engagement. The Margin Acceleration Program is company wide. The activities under the Margin Acceleration Program are expected to be substantially completed by June 2016. For Fiscal Year 2015, we recorded $20.0 million in restructuring charges related to the Margin Acceleration Program.
Various restructuring plans adopted by us since Fiscal Year 2005 are included in the Pre-2012 Plans.

60

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Changes in the restructuring accrual during Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013 are summarized below:
 
 
Balance at
 
Charges/(Benefits)
 
Payments/Foreign
Currency Exchange
 
Balance at
(in thousands)
 
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
2015 Margin Acceleration Program
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee severance
 
$

 
$
20,010

 
$

 
$
20,010

Pre-2012 Restructuring Plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Facilities-related
 
1,195

 
(165
)
 
(741
)
 
289

Total
 
$
1,195

 
$
19,845

 
$
(741
)
 
$
20,299

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at
 
Charges/(Benefits)
 
Payments/Foreign
Currency Exchange
 
Balance at
(in thousands)
 
June 30, 2013
 
 
 
June 30, 2014
Pre-2012 Restructuring Plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Facilities-related
 
$
2,559

 
$
(444
)
 
$
(920
)
 
$
1,195

Total
 
$
2,559

 
$
(444
)
 
$
(920
)
 
$
1,195

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at
 
Charges/(Benefits)
 
Payments/Foreign
Currency Exchange
 
Balance at
(in thousands)
 
June 30, 2012
 
 
 
June 30, 2013
Pre-2012 Restructuring Plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee severance
 
$
1,884

 
$
(182
)
 
$
(1,702
)
 
$

Facilities-related
 
5,890

 
(1,027
)
 
(2,304
)
 
2,559

Total
 
$
7,774

 
$
(1,209
)
 
$
(4,006
)
 
$
2,559

NOTE 8. CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS
Master Financing Agreement
On June 12, 2015, we entered into a 3 year, interest free Master Financing Agreement for $7.1 million with General Electric Capital Corporation, (“GECC”), in conjunction with a software term license purchase. On June 30, 2015 we received the gross proceeds of $7.1 million from GECC. Repayment of the principal borrowed under the Master Financing Agreement is due annually on July 1st as follows:
$1.4 million made on or prior to July 1, 2015;
$2.8 million made on or prior to July 1, 2016; and
$2.8 million made on or prior to July 1, 2017.
Note Purchase Agreement
On July 25, 2013, we issued $100.0 million principal amount of 3.11% senior notes due July 25, 2020 (the “Notes”) for aggregate gross proceeds of $100.0 million in a private placement solely to accredited investors. The Notes were issued pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement entered into by us with certain institutional investors on June 25, 2013 (the “Note Purchase Agreement”). Proceeds from the Notes were used to pay down $100.0 million of principal borrowed under the revolving credit facility portion of the 2013 Credit Agreement. We will pay interest on the outstanding balance of the Notes at a rate of 3.11% per annum, payable semi-annually on January 25 and July 25 of each year until the principal on the Notes shall have become due and payable. We may, at our option, upon notice and subject to the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement, prepay at any time all or part of the Notes in an amount not less than 10% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, plus a Make-Whole Amount (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement). The Notes become due and payable on July 25, 2020, unless payment is required to be made earlier under the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement.
The Note Purchase Agreement includes operational and financial covenants, with which we are required to comply, including, among others, maintenance of certain financial ratios and restrictions on additional indebtedness, liens and dispositions.
In connection with the Note Purchase Agreement, certain subsidiaries of ours entered into a Subsidiary Guaranty, pursuant to which such subsidiaries guaranteed our obligations under the Notes and the Note Purchase Agreement.
As of June 30, 2015, we had $100 million of principal borrowed under the Note Purchase Agreement. The outstanding amounts are presented net of debt issuance cost of approximately $0.3 million in our consolidated balance sheets.
In April and May 2013, we entered into three treasury lock agreements each with a notional amount of $25.0 million in connection with the planned issuance of our Notes that were issued in July 2013.  The three treasury locks were used to

61

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


minimize our interest rate exposure prior to locking in the fixed interest rate on our Notes.  The treasury locks matured in May 2013 when the interest rate on our Notes was fixed. The treasury locks were deemed to be fully effective in accordance with ASC 815, and as such, the unrealized gains related to these derivatives are recorded as other comprehensive income and are amortized over the life of the Notes as interest income.  As of June 30, 2015, our debt under the Note Purchase Agreement carried an average annualized interest rate of 3.05%.
Receivable Purchase Agreement
On February 19, 2013, we entered into a receivables purchase agreement (the “Receivable Agreement”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPMorgan”). Under the Receivable Agreement, we sell to JPMorgan or other investors on an ongoing basis certain of our trade receivables, together with ancillary rights and the proceeds thereof, which arise under contracts with a client of ours, or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The Receivable Agreement includes customary representations and covenants on behalf of us, and may be terminated by either us or JPMorgan upon five business days advance notice. The Receivable Agreement provides a mechanism for accelerating the receipt of cash due on outstanding receivables. We account for the transfer of our receivables with respect to which we have satisfied the applicable revenue recognition criteria in accordance with FASB ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing.” If we have not satisfied the applicable revenue recognition criteria for the underlying sales transaction, the transfer of the receivable is accounted for as a financing activity in accordance with FASB ASC 470, “Debt.” The accounts receivable and short-term debt balances are derecognized from our consolidated balance sheets at the earlier of the factored receivable’s due date or when all of the revenue recognition criteria are met for those billed services. For Fiscal Year 2015 and 2014, we transferred approximately $122.6 million and $184.6 million of trade receivables, respectively. As of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, no transfers were accounted for as a financing activity.
2014 Credit Agreement
On October 15, 2014, we, certain of our subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”), as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and L/C Issuer, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“MLPFS”), J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPM Securities”), HSBC Bank USA, National Association (“HSBC”) and U.S. Bank, National Association (“US Bank”), as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. (“JPMorgan”), HSBC and US Bank, as Joint Syndication Agents, and the other lenders party thereto entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “2014 Credit Agreement”) providing for a five-year term loan and revolving credit facility in the principal amount of up to $500.0 million (collectively, the “Loan Amount”), plus additional amounts of up to $300.0 million of loans to be made available upon request of the Company subject to specified terms and conditions.
The 2014 Credit Agreement amends and restates the amended and restated credit agreement dated as of March 22, 2013, by and among us, certain of our subsidiaries, Bank of America, as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and L/C Issuer, MLPFS, JPM Securities, HSBC, and US Bank as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, JPMorgan, HSBC and US Bank, as Joint Syndication Agents, and the other lenders party thereto (the “2013 Credit Agreement”).
The loan facility available under the 2014 Credit Agreement consists of a term loan facility and a revolving credit facility. The principal amount of up to $200.0 million of the Loan Amount is available through the term loan facility, and the principal amount of up to $300.0 million of the Loan Amount is available through the revolving credit facility. A portion of the revolving credit facility is available for swingline loans of up to a sublimit of $100.0 million and for the issuance of standby letters of credit of up to a sublimit of $10.0 million.
The 2014 Credit Agreement is intended to provide funds for (i) stock repurchases, (ii) the issuance of letters of credit and (iii) our and our subsidiaries' other general corporate purposes, including permitted acquisitions.
As of June 30, 2015, we had $50 million of principal borrowed under the revolving credit facility and $200.0 million of principal borrowed under the term loan. The outstanding amounts are presented net of debt issuance cost of approximately $2.5 million in our consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2015, we had borrowing availability of $250 million under the revolving credit facility.
The obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our material domestic subsidiaries, and the obligations, if any, of any foreign designated borrower are guaranteed by us and certain of our material domestic subsidiaries.
Borrowings (other than swingline loans) under the 2014 Credit Agreement bear interest, at our determination, at a rate based on either (a) LIBOR plus a margin (not to exceed a per annum rate of 1.750%) based on a ratio of consolidated funded debt to consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) (the “Leverage Ratio”) or (b) the highest of (i) prime, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.500%, and (iii) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.000% (such highest rate, the “Alternate Base Rate”), plus a margin (not to exceed a per annum rate of 0.750%) based on the Leverage Ratio. Swingline loans in U.S. dollars bear interest calculated at the Alternate Base Rate plus a margin (not to exceed a per annum rate of 0.750%). Loans outstanding under the 2014 Credit Agreement may be prepaid at any time in whole or in part without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs, if any, subject to the terms and conditions contained in the 2014 Credit

62

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Agreement. The 2014 Credit Agreement terminates and any outstanding loans under it mature and must be repaid on October 15, 2019.
Repayment of the principal borrowed under the revolving credit facility (other than a swingline loan) is due on October 15, 2019. A swingline loan under the 2014 Credit Agreement generally must be paid ten business days after the loan is made. Repayment of principal borrowed under the term loan facility is as follows, with the final payment of all amounts outstanding, plus accrued interest, being due on October 15, 2019:
1.25% by quarterly term loan amortization payments to be made commencing December 2015 and made on or prior to September 30, 2017;
2.50% by quarterly term loan amortization payments to be made after September 30, 2017, but on or prior to September 30, 2018;
5.00% by quarterly term loan amortization payments to be made after September 30, 2018, but prior to October 15, 2019; and
60.00% on October 15, 2019.
Interest due under the revolving credit facility (other than a swingline loan) and the term loan facility must be paid quarterly for borrowings with an interest rate determined with reference to the Alternate Base Rate. Interest must be paid on the last day of the interest period selected by the Company for borrowings determined with reference to LIBOR; provided that for interest periods of longer than three months, interest is required to be paid every three months. Interest under U.S. dollar swingline loans at the alternate base rate is payable quarterly.
Our obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2014 Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default, including payment defaults, defaults in the performance of affirmative and negative covenants, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy and insolvency related defaults, cross defaults to material indebtedness, defaults relating to such matters as ERISA and judgments, and a change of control default.
The 2014 Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to us and our subsidiaries, including financial covenants requiring us to comply with maximum leverage ratios and minimum interest coverage ratios, as well as restrictions on liens, investments, indebtedness, fundamental changes, acquisitions, dispositions of property, making specified restricted payments (including stock repurchases that would result in us exceeding an agreed-to leverage ratio), transactions with affiliates, and other restrictive covenants. As of June 30, 2015, we were in compliance with all covenants under the 2014 Credit Agreement.
In connection with the 2014 Credit Agreement, we agreed to pay a commitment fee on the revolving loan commitment calculated as a percentage of the unused amount of the revolving loan commitment at a per annum rate of up to 0.300% (based on the Leverage Ratio). To the extent there are letters of credit outstanding under the 2014 Credit Agreement, we will pay letter of credit fees plus a fronting fee and additional charges. We agreed to pay Bank of America (i) for its own account, an arrangement fee, (ii) for the account of each of the lenders, an upfront fee and (iii) for its own account, an annual agency fee.
In September 2011, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement which hedged $100.0 million of principal under our prior debt obligations and carries a fixed interest rate of 1.30% plus an applicable margin. In May 2013, we entered into another interest rate swap agreement and hedged an additional principal amount of $100.0 million under the 2013 Credit Agreement with a fixed interest rate of 0.73% plus an applicable margin. Both interest rate swap agreements now hedge $125.0 million of principal under our 2014 Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2015, our debt under the 2014 Credit Agreement, including the $125.0 million of principal hedged with both interest swap agreements, carried an average annualized interest rate of 1.68%. These interest rate hedges were deemed to be fully effective in accordance with FASB ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”) and, as such, unrealized gains and losses related to these derivatives are recorded as other comprehensive income in our consolidated balance sheets.
2013 Credit Agreement
The 2013 Credit Agreement provided for a five-year term loan of $200.0 million and a revolving credit facility in the amount of up to $300.0 million, plus additional amounts of up to $200.0 million of loans to be made available upon our request subject to specified terms and conditions. A portion of the revolving credit facility was available for swingline loans of up to a sublimit of $75.0 million and for the issuance of standby letters of credit of up to a sublimit of $10.0 million. The 2013 Credit Agreement was amended and restated on October 15, 2014 as discussed above.
Our obligations under the 2013 Credit Agreement were guaranteed by certain of our material domestic subsidiaries, and the obligations, if any, of any foreign designated borrower were guaranteed by us and certain of our material domestic subsidiaries.
Borrowings (other than swingline loans) under the 2013 Credit Agreement bore interest, at our determination, at a rate based on either (i) LIBOR plus a margin (not to have exceeded a per annum rate of 1.750%) based on the Leverage Ratio or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate, plus a margin (not to have exceeded a per annum rate of 0.750%) based on the Leverage Ratio. Swingline

63

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


loans in U.S. dollars bore interest calculated at the Alternate Base Rate plus a margin (not to have exceeded a per annum rate of 0.750%).
On October 15, 2014, all outstanding amounts under the 2013 Credit Agreement were fully repaid with the proceeds from the 2014 Credit Agreement.
In September 2011, we also entered into an interest rate cap agreement. The interest rate cap agreement hedged $25.0 million of principal under our 2013 Credit Agreement with an interest rate cap of 2.00% plus an applicable margin. In March 2014, the interest rate cap agreement matured and the related accumulated other comprehensive income was reclassified to net income during Fiscal Year 2014.
2012 Term Loan and Facilities
On December 20, 2012, we entered into a new $100.0 million unsecured term loan agreement (the “2012 Term Loan”) with Bank of America, which was initially guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries, but which guarantees were released in connection with the partial prepayment of the 2012 Term Loan in January 2013. The 2012 Term Loan was used to fund our acquisition of LIQUENT (see Note 3).
The 2012 Term Loan consisted of a term loan facility for $100.0 million, the full amount of which was advanced to us on December 21, 2012 and was scheduled to mature on June 30, 2013. Borrowings made under the 2012 Term Loan bore interest, at our option, at a base rate plus a margin (such margin not to exceed a per annum rate of 0.75%) based on a ratio of consolidated funded debt to EBITDA for the preceding twelve months (the “2012 Term Loan Leverage Ratio”), or at a LIBOR rate plus a margin (such margin not to exceed a per annum rate of 1.75%) based on the 2012 Term Loan Leverage Ratio. As of June 30, 2015, all outstanding amounts under the 2012 Term Loan were fully repaid with the proceeds from the 2013 Credit Agreement.
On January 22, 2013, we entered into additional short term unsecured term loan agreements with each of HSBC, TD Bank, N.A., and US Bank, each in the amount of $25.0 million (collectively, the “2013 Facilities”). The key terms of the 2013 Facilities were substantially the same as the 2012 Term Loan, including the loan maturities on June 30, 2013, except that there were no guaranties provided by any of our subsidiaries. The $75.0 million aggregate proceeds of the 2013 Facilities were used to partially pay down balances owed under the 2012 Term Loan, and in connection with such payment, Bank of America released our subsidiaries from their guaranty obligations under the 2012 Term Loan.
As of March 22, 2013, all outstanding amounts under the 2013 Facilities were fully repaid with the proceeds from the 2013 Credit Agreement.
2011 Credit Agreement
On June 30, 2011, we entered into the 2011 Credit Agreement providing for a five-year term loan of $100 million and a five-year revolving credit facility in the principal amount of up to $300 million. The borrowings all carried a variable interest rate based on LIBOR, prime, or a similar index, plus a margin (such margin not to exceed a per annum rate of 1.75%).
On March 22, 2013, the 2011 Credit Agreement was amended and restated in its entirety by the 2013 Credit Agreement. All amounts outstanding under the 2011 Credit Agreement immediately prior to the execution of the 2013 Credit Agreement were deemed to be outstanding under the terms and conditions of the 2013 Credit Agreement.
Additional Lines of Credit
We have an unsecured line of credit with JP Morgan UK in the amount of $4.5 million that bears interest at an annual rate ranging between 2.00% and 4.00%. We entered into this line of credit to facilitate business transactions. At June 30, 2015, we had $4.5 million available under this line of credit.
We have a cash pool facility with RBS Nederland, NV in the amount of 4.0 million Euros that bears interest at an annual rate ranging between 2.00% and 4.00%. We entered into this line of credit to facilitate business transactions. At June 30, 2015, we had 4.0 million Euros available under this line of credit.
NOTE 9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
During Fiscal Year 2015, 205,842 shares of common stock were surrendered as part of the cashless exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock to satisfy exercise costs and statutory minimum tax withholding payments.
Share Repurchase Plan
Fiscal Year 2014 Share Repurchase
On June 2, 2014, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the "2014 Program") authorizing the repurchase of up to $150.0 million of our common stock to be financed with cash on hand, cash generated from

64

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


operations, existing credit facilities, or new financing.  On June 13, 2014, we entered into an agreement (the “2014 Agreement”) to purchase shares of our common stock from Goldman Sachs & Co. (“GS”), for an aggregate purchase price of $150.0 million pursuant to an accelerated share purchase program. Pursuant to the 2014 Agreement, in June 2014, we paid $150.0 million to GS and received from GS 2,284,844 shares of common stock, representing 80% of the shares to be repurchased by us under the 2014 Agreement. The shares were repurchased at a price of $52.52 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 13, 2014. These shares were canceled and restored to the status of authorized and unissued shares. As of June 30, 2014, we recorded the $150.0 million payment to GS as a decrease to equity in our consolidated balance sheet, consisting of decreases in common stock and additional paid-in capital. As additional paid-in capital was reduced to zero, the remainder was applied as a reduction in retained earnings.
On October 31, 2014, we received 345,165 shares representing the final settlement of the 2014 Agreement and the 2014 Program was completed. Pursuant to the 2014 Program, we repurchased 2,630,009 shares of our common stock at an average price of $57.03 per share from June 2014 to October 2014.
Fiscal Year 2013 Share Repurchase
In August 2012, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the “2013 Program”) authorizing the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of our common stock to be financed with cash on hand, cash generated from operations, existing credit facilities, or new financing. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, we repurchased $197.6 million of our common stock. We repurchased the remaining $2.4 million of our common stock in July 2013. The 2013 Program repurchases were effected pursuant to two separate $50.0 million accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreements and two separate $50.0 million open market agreements (the “Open Market Agreements”) entered into in September 2012 and March 2013. Pursuant to the 2013 Program, we repurchased 5,458,285 shares of our common stock at an average price of $36.64 per share from September 2012 to July 2013. The buyback activity also resulted in a reduction of our stockholders’ equity of $200.0 million for the value of shares that we repurchased and retired.
In September 2012, we entered into an ASR agreement (the “September Agreement”) to purchase shares of our common stock from J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as agent for JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch (“JPMorgan”), for an aggregate purchase price of $50.0 million. In March 2013, we finalized the settlement of the September Agreement and received an additional 234,898 shares representing the final shares delivered by JPMorgan. These shares were in addition to the initial 1,328,462 shares of our common stock delivered to us in September 2012. The total number of shares repurchased under the September Agreement was 1,563,360 at an average price per share of $31.98.
In March 2013, we entered into a second $50.0 million ASR agreement (the “March Agreement”) with JPMorgan. Pursuant to the March Agreement, JPMorgan delivered 1,044,932 shares of our common stock, representing an estimated 80% of the shares to be repurchased by us under the Agreement based on a price of $38.28 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on March 15, 2013. In July 2013, subsequent to our fiscal year end, we finalized the settlement of the March Agreement and received an additional 101,247 shares representing the final shares delivered by JPMorgan. The total number of shares repurchased under the March Agreement was 1,146,179 at an average price per share of $43.62.
During Fiscal Year 2013, we also entered into two separate $50.0 million Open Market Agreements to buy back an additional $100.0 million of our common stock under the Program. For Fiscal Year 2013, we purchased 2,697,675 shares pursuant to the Open Market Agreements at an average price of $36.17 per share for a total of $97.6 million in common stock repurchases. As of June 30, 2013, approximately $2.4 million remained available under the 2013 Program for the purchase of additional shares. In July 2013, we purchased an additional 51,071 shares in the open market and completed our available purchases under the 2013 Program. Upon the completion of the purchases under our Open Market Agreements in July 2013, the total number of shares repurchased under the Open Market Agreements was 2,748,746 at an average price per share of $36.38.
In July 2013, with the completion of our Open Market Agreements and the final settlement of the ASR agreements, the 2013 Program was completed.

65

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table outlines the basic and diluted earnings per common share computations:
 
 
Years ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Net income attributable to common shares
 
$
147,821

 
$
129,094

 
$
95,972

Weighted average number of shares outstanding, used in computing basic earnings per share
 
54,915

 
56,504

 
58,388

Dilutive common stock equivalents
 
923

 
973

 
1,059

Weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share
 
55,838

 
57,477

 
59,447

Basic earnings per share
 
$
2.69

 
$
2.28

 
$
1.64

Diluted earnings per share
 
$
2.65

 
$
2.25

 
$
1.61

Anti-dilutive options and restricted stock (excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share)
 
774

 
536

 
503

NOTE 11. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table reflects the activity for the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013:
(in thousands)
 
Foreign Currency
 
Unrealized Gain/Loss on Derivatives
 
Total
Balance as of June 30, 2012
 
$
(27,615
)
 
$
(1,524
)
 
$
(29,139
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 
(1,523
)
 
(1,363
)
 
(2,886
)
Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 

 
1,987

 
1,987

Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
$
(1,523
)
 
$
624

 
$
(899
)
Balance at June 30, 2013
 
$
(29,138
)
 
$
(900
)
 
$
(30,038
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 
27,050

 
6,411

 
33,461

Gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 

 
(1,333
)
 
(1,333
)
Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
$
27,050

 
$
5,078

 
$
32,128

Balance at June 30, 2014
 
$
(2,088
)
 
$
4,178

 
$
2,090

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 
(94,075
)
 
(14,272
)
 
(108,347
)
Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 

 
10,389

 
10,389

Net current-period other comprehensive income
 
$
(94,075
)
 
$
(3,883
)
 
$
(97,958
)
Balance at June 30, 2015
 
$
(96,163
)
 
$
295

 
$
(95,868
)
The details regarding pre-tax gain (loss) on derivative instruments reclassified to net income from accumulated other comprehensive income are presented below:
 
 
Years Ended
 
Affected Line in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Interest rate contracts
 
$
(1,450
)
 
$
(1,719
)
 
$
(1,260
)
 
Interest expense, net
Foreign exchange contracts
 
(12,290
)
 
3,420

 
(2,048
)
 
Direct Costs
Foreign exchange contracts
 
(2,755
)
 
281

 

 
Service revenue
Cross-currency swap contracts
 
184

 
114

 
218

 
Miscellaneous (expense) income, net
Total
 
$
(16,311
)
 
$
2,096

 
$
(3,090
)
 
 
The amounts of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income are net of taxes of $5.9 million, $0.8 million, and $1.1 million and for years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

66

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 12. STOCK AND EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation under ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” The stock option compensation cost calculated under the fair value approach is recognized over the vesting period of the stock options (generally over four years). All stock option grants are subject to graded vesting as services are rendered. The fair value for granted options is estimated at the time of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatilities and we use historical data to estimate option exercise behavior. The expected term represents an estimate of the period of time we expect the options to remain outstanding based on historical exercise and post-vesting termination data. The dividend yield equals the most recent dividend payment over the market price of the stock at the beginning of the period. The risk-free interest rate is the rate at the date of grant for a zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond with a term that approximates the expected term of the option. The following weighted average assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for awards issued during the respective periods: 
 
 
Years ended June 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Dividend yield
 
0.0
%
 
0.0
%
 
0.0
%
Expected volatility
 
36.2
%
 
54.1
%
 
56.4
%
Risk-free interest rate
 
1.7
%
 
1.6
%
 
0.9
%
Expected term (in years)
 
5.0

 
5.2

 
5.2

For the last three fiscal years, we recognized the following stock-based compensation expense: 
 
 
Years ended June 30,
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Direct costs related
 
$
4,392

 
$
3,027

 
$
1,918

Selling, general and administrative related
 
13,540

 
12,302

 
9,250

Total stock-based compensation
 
$
17,932

 
$
15,329

 
$
11,168

For Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013, the tax benefit related to stock compensation expense that we recognized was $5.6 million, $4.4 million, and $3.1 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2015, unearned stock-based compensation expense related to unvested awards (stock options and restricted stock) was approximately $34.0 million, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years.
Stock Options
The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for the administration of our stock option plans and determines the term of each option, the option exercise price, the number of option shares granted, and the rate at which options become exercisable.
We adopted stock incentive plans in December 2010, December 2007, and September 2005, each of which provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based award grants of up to 9,000,000 shares in aggregate to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors. The granting of awards under these plans is discretionary, including the individuals who may become participants and receive awards under these plans and the number of shares they may acquire.
In September 2001, we adopted the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan, which provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options for the purchase of up to an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock to our employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors (and any individuals who have accepted an offer for employment).
Options under all our stock incentive plans described above expire no more than ten years from the date of grant and the expiration date and vesting period may vary at the Board of Directors’ discretion.
The following table summarizes information related to stock option activity for the respective periods:
 
 
Years ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Weighted-average fair value of options granted per share
 
$20.16
 
$20.70
 
$16.20
Intrinsic value of options exercised
 
$33,833
 
$24,066
 
$24,872

67

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Stock option activity for the year ended June 30, 2015 was as follows:
 
 
Number of Options
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life In Years

 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In Thousands)
Balance at June 30, 2014
 
3,180,179

 
$
29.21

 
5.3
 
$
75,229

Granted
 
987,599

 
$
59.07

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(895,279
)
 
$
24.72

 
 
 
 
Canceled
 
(113,062
)
 
$
41.37

 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2015
 
3,159,437

 
$
39.40

 
5.6
 
$
78,954

Exercisable at June 30, 2015
 
968,250

 
$
25.13

 
3.7
 
$
37,936

Expected to vest at June 30, 2015
 
2,015,621

 
$
45.31

 
6.4
 
$
38,506

Restricted Stock
We use restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), granted under the plans described above, as a component of compensation for executive officers, non-employee members of the Board of Directors, and other employees. In general, we granted RSAs and RSUs that will vest at the end of a three-year service period for employees or one-year service period for non-employee members of the Board. The fair values of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units were based upon the closing stock prices on the day of the grants. For Fiscal Year 2015, 2014, and 2013, the fair value of restricted stock awards vested was $3.9 million, $4.0 million, and $4.6 million, respectively. Restricted stock activity for the year ended June 30, 2015 was:
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average Grant-
Date Fair Value
Unvested Balance at June 30, 2014
 
411,352

 
$
31.69

Granted
 
108,772

 
$
60.39

Vested
 
(173,362
)
 
$
22.37

Forfeited
 
(7,750
)
 
$
53.19

Unvested Balance at June 30, 2015
 
339,012

 
$
45.17

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We sponsor an employee stock purchase plan (the “Purchase Plan”). The Purchase Plan allows eligible employees to purchase common stock at 95% of the fair market value of the stock on the last day of each purchase period (as defined by the Purchase Plan). The Purchase Plan also includes the automatic enrollment of contributions whereby an eligible employee’s compensation would be reduced and automatic enrollment contributions made on his/her behalf unless an affirmative election not to do so was made. The Purchase Plan is non-compensatory, and as such, no stock based compensation is recorded. An aggregate of approximately 1,800,000 shares may be issued under the Purchase Plan.
The following table summarizes the purchases under the Purchase Plan for the last three fiscal years:
 
 
Shares Purchased
 
Average Purchase Price
Fiscal Year 2015
 
57,557

 
$
59.09

Fiscal Year 2014
 
68,867

 
$
43.20

Fiscal Year 2013
 
62,777

 
$
35.54

Savings Plan
We sponsor an employee savings plan (“the Plan”) as defined by Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Plan covers substantially all employees in the U.S. who elect to participate. Participants have the opportunity to invest on a pre-tax basis in a variety of mutual fund options and our stock. We match 100% of each participant’s voluntary contributions up to 3% of gross salary per payroll period subject to an annual cap of $3,000. Our contributions vest to the participants in 20% increments for each year of employment and become fully vested after five years of continuous employment. Our contributions to the Plan were approximately $10.7 million, $9.6 million, and $8.6 million for the Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

68

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 13. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
We apply the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” ASC 820 defines fair value and provides guidance for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 enables the reader of financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop those measurements by establishing a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. ASC 820 requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following:
quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets
quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active
observable inputs other than quoted prices that are used in the valuation of the asset or liabilities (e.g., interest rate and yield curve quotes at commonly quoted intervals)
inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the assets or liability (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). Level 3 inputs include management’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk).
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, our assets (liabilities) carried at fair value as of June 30, 2015:
(in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Contingent Consideration
 
$

 
$

 
$
(7,291
)
 
$
(7,291
)
Interest Rate Derivative Instruments
 

 
719

 

 
719

Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
 

 
(5,612
)
 

 
(5,612
)
Total
 
$

 
$
(4,893
)
 
$
(7,291
)
 
$
(12,184
)
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, our assets (liabilities) carried at fair value as of June 30, 2014:
(in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Contingent Consideration
 
$

 
$

 
$
(5,152
)
 
$
(5,152
)
Interest Rate Derivative Instruments
 

 
580

 

 
580

Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
 

 
6,463

 

 
6,463

Total
 
$

 
$
7,043

 
$
(5,152
)
 
$
1,891

Level 1 Estimates
Cash equivalents are measured at quoted prices in active markets.
Marketable securities are held in foreign government treasury certificates that are actively traded and have original maturities over 90 days but less than one year. As of June 30, 2015, we did not hold any marketable securities.
Interest rate derivative instruments are measured at fair value using a market approach valuation technique. The valuation is based on an estimate of net present value of the expected cash flows using relevant mid-market observable data inputs and based on the assumption of no unusual market conditions or forced liquidation.
Level 2 Estimates
Foreign currency exchange contracts are measured at fair value using a market approach valuation technique. The inputs to this technique utilize current foreign currency exchange forward market rates published by leading third-party financial news and data providers. This is observable data that represent the rates that the financial institution uses for contracts entered into at that date; however, they are not based on actual transactions so they are classified as Level 2.

69

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Level 3 Estimates
Contingent consideration liabilities are re-measured to fair value each reporting period using projected financial targets, discount rates, probabilities of payment and projected payment dates. Projected contingent payment amounts are discounted back to the current period using a discounted cash flow model. Projected financial targets are based on our most recent internal operational budgets and may take into consideration of alternate scenarios that could result in more or less profitability for the respective service line. Increases or decreases in projected financial targets and probabilities of payment may result in significant changes in the fair value measurements. Increases in discount rates and the time to payment may result in lower fair value measurements. Increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation may result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.
As described in Note 3 above, the purchase price for HERON acquisition was approximately $22.8 million purchase price included the potential for us to pay up to an additional $14.2 million over the twenty-six month period following the acquisition date if HERON achieves specific financial targets. We determined the fair value of the contingent consideration at the date of the acquisition to be $5.9 million. The contingent consideration related to the HERON acquisition was measured at fair value using an income approach valuation technique. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015, HERON did not achieve the specific financial targets associated with the contingent consideration and no payout was made.
As described in Note 3 above, the purchase price for the ClinIntel acquisition was approximately $8.8 million, plus the potential to pay up to an additional $16.2 million over a twenty-one month period following the acquisition date if ClinIntel achieves specific financial targets. The contingent consideration related to the ClinIntel acquisition is measured at fair value using an income approach valuation technique, specifically with probability weighted and discounted cash flows. Increases or decreases in the fair value of our contingent consideration liability are primarily impacted by the likelihood of achieving financial targets, but also from changes in discount periods and rates.
The recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of our contingent consideration liability include the following significant unobservable inputs:
Unobservable Input
 
ClinIntel Range
Discount rate
 
4%
Probability of achieving financial targets
 
100%
Projected period of payment
 
August 2016
The following table provides a summary of the change in our valuation of the fair value of the contingent consideration, which was determined by Level 3 inputs:
(in thousands)
 
Fair Value
Balance at June 30, 2013
 
$
5,934

Change in fair value related to contingent consideration from HERON acquisition
 
(782
)
Balance at June 30, 2014
 
$
5,152

Additions of contingent consideration from ClinIntel acquisition
 
9,882

Change in fair value of contingent consideration
 
(7,421
)
Effect of changes in exchange rates used for translation
 
(322
)
Balance at June 30, 2015
 
$
7,291

For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, the change in fair value of contingent consideration of $7.4 million and $0.8 million was recorded in selling, general and administrative expense, respectively.
For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, there were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 categories. Additionally, there were no changes in the valuation techniques used to determine the fair values of our Level 2 assets or liabilities over the same periods.
The fair value of the debt under the Notes was estimated to be $96.2 million as of June 30, 2015, and was determined using U.S. government treasury rates and Level 3 inputs, including a credit risk adjustment.
The carrying value of our short-term and long-term debt under the 2014 Credit Agreement approximates fair value because all of the debt bears variable rate interest.

70

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 14. INCOME TAXES
Domestic and foreign income (loss) before income taxes for the three years ended June 30 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Domestic
 
$
101,132

 
$
98,154

 
$
35,792

Foreign
 
99,098

 
89,707

 
97,358

 
 
$
200,230

 
$
187,861

 
$
133,150

Provisions for income taxes for the three years ended June 30 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
$
36,552

 
$
27,264

 
$
6,279

State
 
8,623

 
9,456

 
2,565

Foreign
 
23,025

 
33,242

 
26,651

 
 
68,200

 
69,962

 
35,495

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
6,691

 
4,001

 
7,650

State
 
(1,180
)
 
(905
)
 
(2,113
)
Foreign
 
(21,302
)
 
(14,291
)
 
(3,854
)
 
 
(15,791
)
 
(11,195
)
 
1,683

 
 
$
52,409

 
$
58,767

 
$
37,178

Our consolidated effective income tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate as set forth below:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
%
 
2014
 
%
 
2013
 
%
Income tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate
 
$
70,081

 
35.0
 %
 
$
65,751

 
35.0
 %
 
$
46,602

 
35.0
 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
 
5,081

 
2.5
 %
 
5,419

 
2.9
 %
 
1,914

 
1.4
 %
Foreign rate differential
 
(4,350
)
 
(2.2
)%
 
(4,857
)
 
(2.6
)%
 
(7,960
)
 
(6.0
)%
Change in valuation allowances
 
(796
)
 
(0.4
)%
 
(491
)
 
(0.3
)%
 
(4,708
)
 
(3.5
)%
Change in reserves
 
(2,066
)
 
(1.0
)%
 
(5,193
)
 
(2.8
)%
 
394

 
0.3
 %
Research and development
 
(13,376
)
 
(6.7
)%
 
(3,284
)
 
(1.7
)%
 
(2,986
)
 
(2.2
)%
Non-taxable contingent consideration
 
(1,805
)
 
(0.9
)%
 
(376
)
 
(0.2
)%
 

 
 %
Other non-deductible expenses
 

 
 %
 

 
 %
 
968

 
0.7
 %
Statutory tax rate changes
 
(576
)
 
(0.2
)%
 
(623
)
 
(0.3
)%
 
798

 
0.6
 %
Other, net
 
216

 
0.1
 %
 
2,421

 
1.3
 %
 
2,156

 
1.6
 %
 
 
$
52,409

 
26.2
 %
 
$
58,767

 
31.3
 %
 
$
37,178

 
27.9
 %
Provision has not been made for U.S. or additional foreign taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as those earnings are indefinitely reinvested. Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested are approximately $479.0 million and $423.0 million at June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, respectively. Due to the complexities associated with this hypothetical calculation, it is not practicable to estimate the unrecognized deferred tax liability on the earnings that are indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.

71

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


Significant components of our net deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
U.S. loss carryforwards
 
$
2,528

 
$
1,764

Foreign loss carryforwards
 
4,503

 
2,814

Accrued expenses
 
42,535

 
38,915

Tax credit carryforwards
 
2,780

 
5,711

Provision for losses on receivables
 
2,665

 
920

Deferred compensation
 
10,017

 
8,219

Deferred revenue
 
21,331

 
12,698

Intercompany loans
 
1,299

 
2,752

Other
 
2,228

 
3,597

Gross deferred tax assets
 
89,886

 
77,390

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
 
(4,344
)
 
(5,318
)
Total deferred tax assets
 
85,542

 
72,072

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Property and equipment
 
(6,784
)
 
(6,521
)
Revenue recognition
 
(10,656
)
 
(17,601
)
Intangible assets
 
(35,526
)
 
(35,372
)
Other
 
(4,745
)
 
(1,038
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
 
(57,711
)
 
(60,532
)
Net deferred tax assets
 
$
27,831

 
$
11,540

The net deferred tax assets and liabilities included in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014 were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
Current deferred tax assets
 
$
59,058

 
$
54,061

Non-current deferred tax assets
 
11,703

 
6,669

Current deferred tax liabilities
 
(9,976
)
 
(16,592
)
Non-current deferred tax liabilities
 
(32,954
)
 
(32,598
)
 
 
$
27,831

 
$
11,540

At June 30, 2015, federal, state and foreign loss carryforwards of $4.8 million, $30.5 million and $21.4 million, respectively, were available to offset future liabilities for income taxes. The federal net operating losses expire in the years 2023 through 2034. Included in the state loss carryforwards is $3.7 million attributable to deductions from the exercise of equity awards. The benefit from these deductions will be recorded as a credit to additional paid-in capital if and when realized through a reduction of taxes paid in cash. Use of these loss carryforwards is limited based on the future income of certain subsidiaries. The state net operating losses expire in the years 2016 through 2034. Of the non-U.S. loss carryforwards, $3.2 million will expire between 2016 and 2025; the remainder does not expire. We also have U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $26.1 million, which expire in the years 2018 through 2025. Included in the U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards is $15.4 million attributable to deductions from the exercise of equity awards. The benefit from these credits will be recorded as a credit to additional paid-in capital if and when realized through a reduction of taxes paid in cash.
A valuation allowance has been established for certain future income tax benefits related to loss carryforwards and temporary tax adjustments based on an assessment that it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized. The decrease in the valuation allowance in Fiscal Year 2015 was principally due to improved profitability in various jurisdictions.
As of June 30, 2015, we had $35.2 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits of which $23.9 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. As of June 30, 2014, we had $41.5 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits of which $25.4 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. This reserve primarily relates to exposures for income tax matters such as changes in the jurisdiction in which income is taxable.
Unrecognized tax benefits represent favorable positions we have taken, or expect to take, on tax returns. These positions have reduced, or are expected to reduce, our income tax liability on our tax returns and financial statements. As a result of the uncertainty associated with these positions, we have established a liability that effectively reverses the previous recognition of

72

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


the tax benefits, making them “unrecognized.” Our unrecognized income tax benefits, excluding accrued interest and penalties, are as follows:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance at beginning of year
 
$
41,471

 
$
46,591

 
$
53,813

Additions related to tax positions in prior years
 

 
792

 

Additions related to tax positions in the current year
 
3,595

 

 

Reductions related to tax positions in prior years
 
(500
)
 
(1,115
)
 
(2,869
)
Reductions related to settlements with tax authorities
 
(6,459
)
 

 

Reductions related to the expiration of statutes
 
(76
)
 
(5,630
)
 
(4,662
)
Currency translation adjustments
 
(2,810
)
 
833

 
309

Balance at end of year
 
$
35,221

 
$
41,471

 
$
46,591

As of June 30, 2015, we anticipate that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions could change by up to $14.2 million in the next twelve months primarily as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitation and settlement with tax authorities.
We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014, interest and penalties of $4.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively, were included in our liability for unrecognized tax benefits. For Fiscal Years 2015, 2014 and 2013, a benefit of $0.7 million, an expense of $0.3 million and a benefit of $0.9 million, respectively, was recorded for interest and penalties related to tax matters.
We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in multiple states, local and foreign jurisdictions. All material state and local income tax matters through 2005 have been concluded. All material federal income tax matters have been concluded through 2005. Substantially all material foreign income tax matters have been concluded for all years through 2001.
NOTE 15. DEBT, COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES
We lease facilities under operating leases that include renewal and escalation clauses. Rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Total rent expense was $56.4 million, $59.4 million, and $54.7 million for Fiscal Years 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. Future minimum debt obligations, lease payments under non-cancelable leases, and purchase commitments due are as follows (excluding future potential payments in connection with acquisitions - see Note 3):
(in thousands)
 
FY 2016
 
FY 2017
 
FY 2018
 
FY 2019
 
FY 2020
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Debt obligations (principal)
 
$
8,915

 
$
12,832

 
$
20,332

 
$
35,000

 
$
280,000

 
$

 
$
357,079

Operating leases
 
55,805

 
44,415

 
35,285

 
30,023

 
23,036

 
96,426

 
284,990

Purchase commitments*
 
105,143

 
38,704

 
5,919

 
1,950

 
166

 

 
151,882

Total
 
$
169,863

 
$
95,951

 
$
61,536

 
$
66,973

 
$
303,202

 
$
96,426

 
$
793,951

*includes commitments to purchase software, hardware and services
We have letter-of-credit agreements with banks, totaling approximately $9.9 million, guaranteeing performance under various operating leases and vendor agreements. Additionally, the borrowings under the 2014 Credit Agreement and the Notes are guaranteed by certain of our U.S. subsidiaries.
We periodically become involved in various claims and lawsuits that are incidental to our business. We are also regularly subject to, and are currently undergoing, audits by tax authorities in the United States and foreign jurisdictions for prior tax years. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, and we intend to defend our positions through litigation if necessary, the final outcome of tax audits and related litigation is inherently uncertain and could be materially different than that reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Adverse outcomes of tax audits could also result in assessments of substantial additional taxes and/or fines or penalties relating to ongoing or future audits.
We believe, after consultation with counsel or other experts, that no matters currently pending would, in the event of an adverse outcome, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

73

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


NOTE 16. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Financial information by geographic area for the three years ended June 30 was as follows:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Service revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Americas
 
$
1,055,581

 
$
970,894

 
$
866,998

Europe, Middle East & Africa
 
691,104

 
709,137

 
624,010

Asia/Pacific
 
269,296

 
259,329

 
243,434

Total
 
$
2,015,981

 
$
1,939,360

 
$
1,734,442

Income from operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Americas
 
$
112,809

 
$
111,718

 
$
44,743

Europe, Middle East & Africa
 
56,282

 
51,793

 
59,466

Asia/Pacific
 
30,761

 
35,987

 
31,914

Total
 
$
199,852

 
$
199,498

 
$
136,123

Tangible long-lived assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Americas
 
$
161,159

 
$
151,111

 
 
Europe, Middle East & Africa
 
61,450

 
63,215

 
 
Asia/Pacific
 
18,602

 
19,838

 
 
Total
 
$
241,211

 
$
234,164

 
 
The following countries represented greater than 10% of consolidated service revenue for the three years ended June 30:
(in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Service revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
984,683

 
$
902,931

 
$
797,380

United Kingdom
 
$
239,649

 
$
245,098

 
$
227,964

Germany
 
N/A*

 
$
229,858

 
$
187,099

* For Fiscal Year 2015 service revenue for Germany was less than 10% of our consolidated service revenue.
NOTE 17. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have three reportable segments: CRS, PC and PI.
CRS constitutes our core business and includes all phases of clinical research from Early Phase (encompassing the early stages of clinical testing that range from first-in-man through proof-of-concept studies) to Phase II-III and Phase IV, which we call Peri/Post-Approval Services. Our services include clinical trials management and biostatistics, data management and clinical pharmacology, as well as related medical advisory, patient recruitment, clinical supply and drug logistics, pharmacovigilance, and investigator site services. We aggregate Early Phase with Phase II-III and Peri/Post-Approval Services due to economic similarities in these operating segments.
PC provides technical expertise and advice in such areas as drug development, regulatory affairs, product pricing and reimbursement, commercialization and strategic compliance. It also provides a full spectrum of market development, product development, and targeted communications services in support of product launch. Our PC consultants identify alternatives and propose solutions to address client issues associated with product development, registration, and commercialization. HERON is included in our PC reportable segment.
PI provides information technology solutions designed to help improve clients’ product development and regulatory submission processes. PI offers a portfolio of products and services that includes medical imaging services, ClinPhone® RTSM, IMPACT® CTMS, DataLabs® EDC, web-based portals, systems integration, electronic patient reported outcomes (“ePRO”), and LIQUENT InSight® RIM solutions. These services are often bundled together and integrated with other applications to provide eClinical solutions for our clients. LIQUENT is included in our PI reportable segment.
We evaluate our segment performance and allocate resources based on service revenue and gross profit (service revenue less direct costs), while other operating costs are allocated and evaluated on a geographic basis. Accordingly, we do not include the impact of selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization expense, other income (expense), and income tax expense in segment profitability. We attribute revenue to individual countries based upon the revenue earned in the respective countries; however, inter-segment transactions are not included in service revenue. Furthermore, we have a global

74

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)


infrastructure supporting its business segments, and therefore, assets are not identified by reportable segment.
(in thousands)
 
CRS
 
PC
 
PI
 
TOTAL
Service revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
$
1,535,359

 
$
215,954

 
$
264,668

 
$
2,015,981

2014
 
1,455,279

 
229,842

 
254,239

 
1,939,360

2013
 
1,303,569

 
211,202

 
219,671

 
1,734,442

Gross profit on service revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
$
449,613

 
$
94,755

 
$
127,460

 
$
671,828

2014
 
445,210

 
96,220

 
118,752

 
660,182

2013
 
347,056

 
84,745

 
95,105

 
526,906


NOTE 18. QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly results of operations for Fiscal Years 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Fiscal Year 2015
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
Year
Service revenue
 
$
491,696

 
$
499,269

 
$
502,033

 
$
522,983

 
$
2,015,981

Gross profit
 
172,877

 
171,948

 
164,079

 
162,924

 
671,828

Income from operations
 
53,580

 
52,784

 
54,229

 
39,259

 
199,852

Net income
 
37,142

 
38,760

 
37,741

 
34,178

 
147,821

Diluted earnings per share
 
$
0.67

 
$
0.70

 
$
0.68

 
$
0.61

 
$
2.65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal Year 2014
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
Year
Service revenue
 
$
449,245

 
$
487,145

 
$
492,375

 
$
510,595

 
$
1,939,360

Gross profit
 
146,051

 
162,638

 
169,226

 
182,267

 
660,182

Income from operations
 
41,881

 
46,664

 
52,171

 
58,782

 
199,498

Net income
 
25,954

 
28,329

 
34,739

 
40,072

 
129,094

Diluted earnings per share
 
$
0.45

 
$
0.49

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.70

 
$
2.25


75




Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of PAREXEL International Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2015. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.
Based on the assessment, management concluded that, as of June 30, 2015, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
The audited consolidated financial statements of the Company include the results of acquired ATLAS Medical Services (“ATLAS”), ClinIntel, and Quantum Solutions India (“QSI”). As permitted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, we excluded these acquisitions from our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2015, since it was not practical for management to conduct an assessment of internal control over financial reporting for these entities between the acquisition date and the date of management's assessment. Excluded from our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2015 were total assets of approximately 1%, excluding the effect of purchasing accounting adjustments, and less than 1% of service revenues for the year then ended.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page 78.


76



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of PAREXEL International Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PAREXEL International Corporation as of June 30, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of PAREXEL International Corporation at June 30, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), PAREXEL International Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated June 30, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
August 24, 2015

77



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of PAREXEL International Corporation

We have audited PAREXEL International Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). PAREXEL International Corporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of ATLAS Medical Services (ATLAS), ClinIntel, and Quantum Solutions India (QSI), which were included in the June 30, 2015 consolidated financial statements of PAREXEL International Corporation and constituted approximately 1% of total assets, excluding the effect of purchase accounting adjustments, as of June 30, 2015 and and less than 1% of service revenues for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of PAREXL International Corporation also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of ATLAS, ClinIntel, or QSI.

In our opinion, PAREXEL International Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2015, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of PAREXEL International Corporation as of June 30, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2015 and our report dated August 24, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
August 24, 2015


78



Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2015. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2015, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, PAREXEL’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the independent registered public accounting firm’s attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting required under Item 308 of Regulation S-K have been included in Item 8 of this annual report.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.

79



PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information with respect to this item may be found under the captions “Elections of Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” “Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
CODE OF ETHICS
PAREXEL has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to all of its employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The code of business conduct and ethics is available on our website (www.parexel.com) under the category “Investor Relations-Corporate Governance.”
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information with respect to this item may be found under the captions “Directors’ Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Executive Compensation,” “Employment and Change of Control Agreements” and “Compensation Committee Report” in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information with respect to this item may be found under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information with respect to this item may be found under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Information with respect to this item may be found under the caption “Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

80



PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
1. Financial Statements
 
The following financial statements and supplementary data are included in Item 8 of this annual report:
 
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for each of the three years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2015 and 2014
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
2. Financial Statement Schedules
 
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 
All other schedules have been omitted since the required information is not present, or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or the Notes thereto.
 
 
 
3. Exhibits
 
Exhibits filed with this Form 10-K are included on the Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference, and are filed or furnished as part of this report or are incorporated into this report by reference.





81



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Josef H. von Rickenbach
 
Dated:
 
August 24, 2015
 
 
    Josef H. von Rickenbach
    Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Signatures
 
Title(s)
 
Date
/s/ Josef H. von Rickenbach
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
Josef H. von Rickenbach
 
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
/s/ Ingo Bank
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
Ingo Bank
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
 
/s/ A. Dana Callow, Jr.
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
A. Dana Callow, Jr.
 
Director
 
 
/s/ Patrick J. Fortune
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
Patrick J. Fortune
 
Director
 
 
/s/ Eduard E. Holdener
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
Eduard E. Holdener
 
Director
 
 
/s/ Christopher J. Lindop
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
Christopher J. Lindop
 
Director
 
 
/s/ Richard L. Love
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
Richard L. Love
 
Director
 
 
/s/ Ellen M. Zane
 
 
 
August 24, 2015
Ellen M. Zane
 
Director
 
 


82



SCHEDULE II
PAREXEL INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
 
(in thousands)
 
Balance at
beginning of
year
 
Charged (credited) to
costs and
expenses
 
Other
adjustments*
 
Balance at end
of year
Provision for losses on receivables
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended June 30, 2013
 
$
9,448

 
$
(346
)
 
$
(4,578
)
 
$
4,524

Year ended June 30, 2014
 
$
4,524

 
$
(316
)
 
$
(64
)
 
$
4,144

Year ended June 30, 2015
 
$
4,144

 
$
1,097

 
$
(52
)
 
$
5,189

* Other adjustments denote the effects of foreign currency exchange, write-offs, and recoveries.
 
(in thousands)
 
Balance at
beginning of
year
 
Charged
(credited) to
income tax
expense
 
Other
adjustments*
 
Balance at end
of year
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended June 30, 2013
 
$
11,392

 
$
(4,708
)
 
$
(661
)
 
$
6,023

Year ended June 30, 2014
 
$
6,023

 
$
(277
)
 
$
(428
)
 
$
5,318

Year ended June 30, 2015
 
$
5,318

 
$
731

 
$
(1,636
)
 
$
4,413

* Other adjustments denote the effects of foreign currency exchange, write-offs, recoveries, acquisitions and certain reclassifications related to ASC 740.
 



83



EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT
NO.
  
DESCRIPTION
 
 
3.1
  
Amended and Restated Articles of Organization of the Company, as amended (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
3.2
  
Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company, as amended (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009 and incorporated herein by this reference).
4.1
  
Specimen certificate representing the Common Stock of the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-97406) and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.1*
 
1998 Non-Qualified, Non-Officer Stock Option Plan, as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 1999 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.2*
  
2001 Stock Incentive Plan of the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.7.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.3*
  
Amendment No. 1 to 2001 Stock Incentive Plan of the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.7.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.4*
 
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Company’s 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.5*
  
2005 Stock Incentive Plan of the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.6*
  
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for non-employee directors under the Company’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.7*
  
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for executive officers under the Company’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.8*
 
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Company’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2012 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.9*
 
2007 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.10*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for executive officers under the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.11*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for non-employee directors under the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan
10.12*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for executive officers under the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan
10.13*
 
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan
10.14*
 
2010 Stock Incentive Plan as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
.
10.15*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for non-employee directors under the Company’s 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
10.16*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for executive officers under the Company’s 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
10.17*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for executive officers under the Company’s 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
10.18*
 
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Company’s 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference)
10.19
  
Lease dated June 14, 1991 between 200 West Street Limited Partnership and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2000 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.20
  
First Amendment dated as of January 3, 1992 to the Lease dated June 14, 1991 between 200 West Street Limited Partnership and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-97406) and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.21
  
Second Amendment dated as of June 28, 1993 to the Lease dated June 14, 1991 between 200 West Street Limited Partnership and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-97406) and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.22
  
Third Amendment to Lease dated November 17, 1998 between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.23
 
Fourth Amendment dated August 28, 2000 to the Lease dated November 17, 1998 between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2000 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.24
  
Fifth Amendment dated as of June 29, 2007 to the lease dated June 14, 1991 by and between Boston Properties Limited Partnership and PAREXEL International, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.12.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.25*
  
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated April 15, 2008 between Josef H. von Rickenbach and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.26*
  
Amended and Restated Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2008, by and between the Company and Mark A. Goldberg (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.27*
  
PAREXEL International Amended and Restated Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).


84



EXHIBIT
NO.
  
DESCRIPTION
10.28
  
Lease dated April 10, 2002 between API (No. 23) Limited, Arlington Property Investments Limited, PAREXEL International Limited and the Company (filed as Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2003 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.29*
  
Amended and Restated Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2008, by and between the Company and Douglas A. Batt (filed as Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by this reference).
10.30*
  
Form of Key Employee Agreement for Executive Officers (US) (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).

10.31*
 
Form of Key Employee Agreement for Executive Officers (UK) (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).

10.33
  
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2014, among PAREXEL, certain subsidiaries of PAREXEL, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and L/C Issuer, Merill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Incorporated, JPMorgan Securities LLC, HSBC Bank USA, National Association ("HSBC") and U.S. Bank National Association ("US Bank"), as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., HSBC and US Bank, as Joint Syndication Agents, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 15, 2014 and incorporated herein by this reference).

10.34*
 
Employment Offer Letter, dated June 6, 2013, between PAREXEL International Corporation and Ingo Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
.

10.35*
 
Change of Control/Severance Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013, by and between the Company and Ingo Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.45 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 and incorporated herein by this reference).
.

10.36
 
Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 19, 2013, by and between PAREXEL International, LLC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 19, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.37
 
Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2013, between the Company and the Purchasers listed therein (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 25, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.38
 
Letter Agreement Regarding Accelerated Share Repurchase Program by and between PAREXEL International Corporation and Goldman Sachs & Co., dated June 13, 2014 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 11, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference).

21.1
  
List of subsidiaries of the Company.
23.1
  
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1
  
CEO certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
  
CFO certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
  
CEO certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
  
CFO certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS**
 
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH**
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL**
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF**
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB**
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE**
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
 
 
 
* Denotes management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement
** In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the information in these exhibits is furnished and deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections


85