As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 21, 2015

Registration No. 333-            

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

NeoPhotonics Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

2911 Zanker Road

San Jose, California 95134

(408) 232-9200

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Timothy S. Jenks

Chief Executive Officer

NeoPhotonics Corporation

2911 Zanker Road

San Jose, California 95134

(408) 232-9200

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. þ 333-201180

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

This Registration Statement shall become effective upon filing in accordance with Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

EXPLANATORY NOTE AND INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

This Registration Statement on Form S-1 is being filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. This Registration Statement incorporates by reference the contents of, including all amendments and exhibits thereto and all information incorporated by reference therein, the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-201180), which was declared effective by the Commission on May 21, 2015, and is being filed solely for the purpose of registering an increase in the amount of Common Stock registered by 1,116,689 shares. The required opinions and consents are listed on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Jose, State of California, on the 21st day of May, 2015.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

EXHIBIT INDEX