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EX-12 - EXHIBIT - TAUBMAN CENTERS INCa2014q3exhibit12.htm
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EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT - TAUBMAN CENTERS INCa2014q3exhibit322.htm

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended: September 30, 2014
Commission File No. 1-11530

Taubman Centers, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Michigan
 
38-2033632
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 East Long Lake Road, Suite 300, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
 
48304-2324
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip code)
 
(248) 258-6800
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer" and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer x   Accelerated Filer o  Non-Accelerated Filer o   Smaller Reporting Company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

o Yes x No

As of November 3, 2014 there were outstanding 63,322,750 shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share.




TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
CONTENTS



PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet – September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.
 
 
 
 

1


 
TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(in thousands, except share data)
 
 
September 30
2014
 
December 31 2013
Assets (Note 2):
 
 
 
Properties
$
3,143,649

 
$
4,485,090

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(951,736
)
 
(1,516,982
)
 
$
2,191,913

 
$
2,968,108

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Notes 2 and 4)
361,729

 
327,692

Cash and cash equivalents
45,725

 
40,993

Restricted cash (Note 5)
43,258

 
5,046

Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,352 and $1,934 in 2014 and 2013
38,187

 
73,193

Accounts receivable from related parties
2,258

 
1,804

Deferred charges and other assets (Note 2)
149,042

 
89,386

Assets of centers held for sale (Note 2)
780,063

 
 
Total Assets
$
3,612,175

 
$
3,506,222

 
 
 
 
Liabilities (Note 2):
 
 
 
Notes payable (Note 5)
$
2,015,999

 
$
3,058,053

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
275,211

 
292,280

Distributions in excess of investments in and net income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Notes 2 and 4)
401,809

 
371,549

Liabilities of centers held for sale (Note 2)
652,068

 
 
 
$
3,345,087

 
$
3,721,882

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10)


 


 
 
 
 
Equity (Note 6):
 

 
 

Taubman Centers, Inc. Shareowners’ Equity:
 

 
 

Series B Non-Participating Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par and liquidation value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 25,117,000 and 25,151,069 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013
$
25

 
$
25

Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 7,700,000 shares authorized, no par, $192.5 million liquidation preference, 7,700,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013
 
 
 
Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 6,800,000 shares authorized, no par, $170.0 million liquidation preference, 6,800,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (Note 6)
 
 
 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 63,319,539 and 63,101,614 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013
633

 
631

Additional paid-in capital
809,071

 
796,787

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 13)
(9,258
)
 
(8,914
)
Dividends in excess of net income
(587,291
)
 
(908,656
)
 
$
213,180

 
$
(120,127
)
Noncontrolling interests (Note 7)
53,908

 
(95,533
)
 
$
267,088

 
$
(215,660
)
Total Liabilities and Equity
$
3,612,175

 
$
3,506,222


See notes to consolidated financial statements.

2



TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)
 
Three Months Ended
September 30

Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
2014

2013

2014

2013
Revenues:
 


 




Minimum rents
$
96,691


$
103,501


$
291,113


$
309,043

Percentage rents
5,263


7,021


11,019


13,732

Expense recoveries
63,527


67,943


187,439


197,549

Management, leasing, and development services
3,135


8,753


8,605


13,954

Other
7,428


6,720


22,631


21,104

 
$
176,044


$
193,938


$
520,807


$
555,382

Expenses:
 










Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion
$
52,184


$
55,375


$
148,955


$
154,694

Other operating
18,036


19,295


49,582


53,950

Management, leasing, and development services
1,539


1,027


4,520


4,172

General and administrative
11,369


11,812


34,493


36,676

Restructuring charge (Note 2)
3,031





3,031




Interest expense
23,382


32,515


74,946


99,589

Depreciation and amortization
24,553


40,982


96,521


116,262

 
$
134,094


$
161,006


$
412,048


$
465,343

Nonoperating income (expense) (Notes 2 and 8)
891


(456
)

(3,327
)

1,831

Income before income tax expense, equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, and gain on dispositions, net of tax
$
42,841


$
32,476


$
105,432


$
91,870

Income tax expense (Note 3)
(683
)

(1,453
)

(1,693
)

(2,715
)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Note 4)
14,479


12,220


41,222


34,047

Income before gain on dispositions, net of tax
$
56,637


$
43,243


$
144,961


$
123,202

Gain on dispositions, net of tax (Note 2)





476,887




Net income
$
56,637


$
43,243


$
621,848


$
123,202

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 7)
(16,700
)

(12,536
)

(178,935
)

(36,667
)
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc.
$
39,937


$
30,707


$
442,913


$
86,535

Distributions to participating securities of TRG (Note 9)
(471
)

(435
)

(1,409
)

(1,313
)
Preferred stock dividends (Note 6)
(5,784
)

(5,784
)

(17,353
)

(15,148
)
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
$
33,682


$
24,488


$
424,151


$
70,074













Net income
$
56,637


$
43,243


$
621,848


$
123,202

Other comprehensive income (Note 13):
 










Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate instruments and other
2,593


(1,984
)

(11,994
)

5,757

Cumulative translation adjustment
(4,282
)

5,086


(2,432
)

1,574

Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in net income
2,599


1,740


14,073


3,834


$
910


$
4,842


$
(353
)

$
11,165

Comprehensive income
$
57,547


$
48,085


$
621,495


$
134,367

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(16,969
)

(13,900
)

(178,956
)

(40,064
)
Comprehensive income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc.
$
40,578


$
34,185


$
442,539


$
94,303













Basic earnings per common share (Note 11)
$
0.53


$
0.38


$
6.71


$
1.10













Diluted earnings per common share (Note 11)
$
0.53


$
0.38


$
6.60


$
1.09













Cash dividends declared per common share
$
0.5400


$
0.5000


$
1.6200


$
1.5000













Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic
63,317,680


63,753,748


63,249,400


63,653,155


See notes to consolidated financial statements.

3


TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2014 AND 2013
(in thousands, except share data)
 
Taubman Centers, Inc. Shareowners’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Dividends in Excess of Net Income
 
Non-Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
 
Total Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, January 1, 2013
33,027,699

 
$
25

 
63,310,148

 
$
633

 
$
657,071

 
$
(22,064
)
 
$
(891,283
)
 
$
(89,308
)
 
$
(344,926
)
Issuance of stock pursuant to Continuing Offer (Notes 9 and 10)
(168,627
)
 


 
168,637

 
2

 
(2
)
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Issuance of Series K Preferred Stock, net of offering costs (Note 6)
6,800,000

 


 


 
 
 
164,395

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
164,395

Repurchase of common stock (Note 6)
 
 
 
 
(313,042
)
 
(3
)
 
(21,186
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(21,189
)
Share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 9)
 
 
 
 
359,045

 
3

 
7,511

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
7,514

Tax impact of share-based compensation (Note 3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
405

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
405

Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 7)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,050
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,050
)
Adjustments of noncontrolling interests (Note 7)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,995

 
22

 
 
 
(6,017
)
 

Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,729

 
4,729

Dividends and distributions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(112,100
)
 
(43,542
)
 
(155,642
)
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(129
)
 
 
 
(129
)
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
86,535

 
36,667

 
123,202

Other comprehensive income (Note 13):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 

Unrealized gain on interest rate instruments and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,981

 


 
1,776

 
5,757

Cumulative translation adjustment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,127

 


 
447

 
1,574

Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,660

 


 
1,174

 
3,834

Balance, September 30, 2013
39,659,072

 
$
25

 
63,524,788

 
$
635

 
$
813,139

 
$
(14,274
)
 
$
(916,977
)
 
$
(94,074
)
 
$
(211,526
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, January 1, 2014
39,651,069

 
$
25

 
63,101,614

 
$
631

 
$
796,787

 
$
(8,914
)
 
$
(908,656
)
 
$
(95,533
)
 
$
(215,660
)
Issuance of stock pursuant to Continuing Offer (Notes 9 and 10)
(35,500
)
 


 
35,500

 


 


 


 


 


 

Repurchase of common stock (Note 6)


 


 
(266
)
 


 
(17
)
 


 


 


 
(17
)
Share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 9)


 


 
182,691

 
2

 
12,085

 


 


 


 
12,087

Tax impact of share-based compensation (Note 3)


 


 


 


 
71

 


 


 


 
71

Adjustments of noncontrolling interests (Note 7)


 


 


 


 
54

 
29

 


 
(83
)
 

Contributions from noncontrolling interests


 


 


 


 


 


 


 
22,346

 
22,346

Dividends and distributions


 


 


 


 


 


 
(121,268
)
 
(51,787
)
 
(173,055
)
Other
1,431

 


 


 


 
91

 


 
(280
)
 
10

 
(179
)
Net income


 


 


 


 


 


 
442,913

 
178,935

 
621,848

Other comprehensive income (Note 13):


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 

Unrealized loss on interest rate instruments and other


 


 


 


 


 
(8,478
)
 


 
(3,516
)
 
(11,994
)
Cumulative translation adjustment


 


 


 


 


 
(1,741
)
 


 
(691
)
 
(2,432
)
Reclassification adjustment for amounts recognized in net income


 


 


 


 


 
9,846

 


 
4,227

 
14,073

Balance, September 30, 2014
39,617,000

 
$
25

 
63,319,539

 
$
633

 
$
809,071

 
$
(9,258
)
 
$
(587,291
)
 
$
53,908


$
267,088


See notes to consolidated financial statements.

4


TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2014

2013
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
 

 
Net income
$
621,848


$
123,202

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 


 

Depreciation and amortization
96,521


116,262

Provision for bad debts
2,284


1,868

Gain on sale of peripheral land



(863
)
Gain on sale of marketable securities



(1,323
)
Gain on dispositions (Note 2)
(486,620
)



Discontinuation of hedge accounting (Note 8)
5,507

 
 
Other
7,637


9,907

Increase (decrease) in cash attributable to changes in assets and liabilities:
 


 

Receivables, restricted cash, deferred charges, and other assets
4,665


357

Accounts payable and other liabilities
(2,300
)

19,701

Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities
$
249,542


$
269,111







Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
 


 

Additions to properties
$
(292,523
)

$
(193,027
)
Issuances of notes receivable



(1,489
)
Proceeds from sale of peripheral land



6,916

Proceeds from sale of marketable securities



2,493

Proceeds from dispositions, net of transaction costs (Note 2)
385,598




Cash in escrow related to center construction projects (Note 5)
(39,630
)



Repayments of notes receivable
7,304


500

Collection and release of TCBL related proceeds



12,903

Contributions to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Note 2)
(44,109
)

(120,676
)
Distributions from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in excess of income
6,591


3,927

Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Investing Activities
$
23,231


$
(288,453
)






Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
 


 

Debt proceeds
$
115,969


$
183,964

Debt payments
(226,944
)

(145,112
)
Debt issuance costs
(5,430
)

(7,010
)
Repurchase of common stock (Note 6)
(17
)

(21,189
)
Issuance of common stock and/or partnership units in connection with incentive plans
(792
)

(3,422
)
Issuance of Series K Preferred Stock, net of offering costs



164,395

Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 7)
 
 
(1,050
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(51,787
)

(43,542
)
Distributions to participating securities of TRG
(1,409
)

(1,313
)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
22,346


4,729

Cash dividends to preferred shareowners
(17,353
)

(15,148
)
Cash dividends to common shareowners
(102,624
)

(95,640
)
Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Financing Activities
$
(268,041
)

$
19,662







Net Increase In Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
4,732


$
320







Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
40,993


32,057







Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$
45,725


$
32,377


See notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Note 1 - Interim Financial Statements

General

Taubman Centers, Inc. (the Company or TCO) is a Michigan corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (REIT). The Taubman Realty Group Limited Partnership (the Operating Partnership or TRG) is a majority-owned partnership subsidiary of TCO that owns direct or indirect interests in all of the Company’s real estate properties. In this report, the term “Company" refers to TCO, the Operating Partnership, and/or the Operating Partnership's subsidiaries as the context may require. The Company engages in the ownership, management, leasing, acquisition, disposition, development, and expansion of regional and super-regional retail shopping centers and interests therein. The Company’s owned portfolio as of September 30, 2014 included 24 operating urban and suburban shopping centers in 12 states. In October 2014, the Company completed the sale of seven centers to an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group (Starwood) (Note 2). Subsequent to the sale, the Company no longer operates centers in North Carolina and Texas. Also in October 2014, The Mall at University Town Center opened in Sarasota, Florida (Note 2).

Taubman Properties Asia LLC and its subsidiaries (Taubman Asia), which is the platform for the Company’s expansion into China and South Korea, is headquartered in Hong Kong.

In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-08, "Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity." ASU No. 2014-08 changes the definition of a discontinued operation to include only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results. ASU No. 2014-08 is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2014, but can be early-adopted. The Company has early adopted ASU No. 2014-08 and will apply the revised definition to all disposals on a prospective basis.

The unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods have been made. The results of interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

Dollar amounts presented in tables within the notes to the financial statements are stated in thousands, except share data or as otherwise noted.

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its consolidated subsidiaries, including The Taubman Company LLC (the Manager) and Taubman Asia. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The entities included in these consolidated financial statements are separate legal entities and maintain records and books of account separate from any other entity. However, inclusion of these separate entities in the consolidated financial statements does not mean that the assets and credit of each of these legal entities are available to satisfy the debts or other obligations of any other such legal entity included in the consolidated financial statements.

Investments in entities not controlled but over which the Company may exercise significant influence (Unconsolidated Joint Ventures or UJVs) are accounted for under the equity method. The Company has evaluated its investments in the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures under guidance for determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity and has concluded that the ventures are not variable interest entities. Accordingly, the Company accounts for its interests in these entities under general accounting standards for investments in real estate ventures (including guidance for determining effective control of a limited partnership or similar entity). The Company’s partners or other owners in these Unconsolidated Joint Ventures have substantive participating rights including approval rights over annual operating budgets, capital spending, financing, admission of new partners/members, or sale of the properties and the Company has concluded that the equity method of accounting is appropriate for these interests. Specifically, the Company’s 79% and 50.1% investments in Westfarms and International Plaza, respectively, are through general partnerships in which the other general partners have approval rights over annual operating budgets, capital spending, refinancing, or sale of the property.


6

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Ownership

In addition to the Company’s common stock, there were three classes of preferred stock outstanding (Series B, J, and K) as of September 30, 2014. Dividends on the 6.5% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series J Preferred Stock) and the 6.25% Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (Series K Preferred Stock) are cumulative and are paid on the last day of each calendar quarter. The Company owns corresponding Series J and Series K Preferred Equity interests in the Operating Partnership that entitle the Company to income and distributions (in the form of guaranteed payments) in amounts equal to the dividends payable on the Company’s Series J and Series K Preferred Stock. See "Note 6 - Equity Transactions" for further details on the Series K Preferred Stock issuance in 2013.

The Company also is obligated to issue to partners in the Operating Partnership other than the Company, upon subscription, one share of nonparticipating Series B Preferred Stock per each Operating Partnership unit. The Series B Preferred Stock entitles its holders to one vote per share on all matters submitted to the Company’s shareowners and votes together with the common stock on all matters as a single class. The holders of Series B Preferred Stock are not entitled to dividends or earnings. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 14,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of common stock.

Outstanding voting securities of the Company at September 30, 2014 consisted of 25,117,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and 63,319,539 shares of common stock.

The Operating Partnership

At September 30, 2014, the Operating Partnership’s equity included two classes of preferred equity (Series J and K) and the net equity of the partnership unitholders. Net income and distributions of the Operating Partnership are allocable first to the preferred equity interests, and the remaining amounts to the general and limited partners in the Operating Partnership in accordance with their percentage ownership. The Series J and Series K Preferred Equity are owned by the Company and are eliminated in consolidation.

The Company's ownership in the Operating Partnership at September 30, 2014 consisted of a 72% managing general partnership interest, as well as the Series J and Series K Preferred Equity interests. The Company's average ownership percentage in the Operating Partnership for both the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was 72%. At September 30, 2014, the Operating Partnership had 88,454,989 partnership units outstanding, of which the Company owned 63,319,539 units.


Note 2 - Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Developments

Acquisitions

Purchase of U.S. Headquarters Building

In February 2014, the Company purchased the U.S. headquarters building located in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan for approximately $16.1 million from an affiliate of the Taubman family. In exchange for the building, the Company assumed the $17.4 million, 5.90% fixed rate loan on the building, issued 1,431 Operating Partnership units (and a corresponding number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock), and received $1.4 million in escrowed and other cash from the affiliate. A purchase accounting premium adjustment of $0.7 million, recorded to recognize the loan at fair value, is being amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining term of the loan which matures April 1, 2015.

Redemption of Joint Venture Outlet Interest

In September 2013, the Company redeemed the outlet joint venture partner's 10% interest, which increased the Company's ownership to 100%. See "Note 7 - Noncontrolling Interests" for further details on the redemption.


7

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Dispositions

Sale of Centers to Starwood

In June 2014, the Company entered into agreements with Starwood to dispose of a portfolio of seven centers. The following centers (Sale Centers) were included in the agreements: MacArthur Center in Norfolk, Virginia, Stony Point Fashion Park in Richmond, Virginia, Northlake Mall in Charlotte, North Carolina, The Mall at Wellington Green in Wellington, Florida, The Shops at Willow Bend in Plano, Texas, The Mall at Partridge Creek in Clinton Township, Michigan, and Fairlane Town Center in Dearborn, Michigan.

In October 2014, the Company completed the disposition of the Sale Centers for consideration of $1.403 billion, excluding transaction costs. After the prepayment or defeasance of $623 million of property-level debt and accrued interest and $44 million of transaction costs, net cash proceeds were $736 million. The Company's share of the net cash proceeds was $716 million.

The debt extinguished consisted of four loans: a $216 million loan secured by Northlake Mall at an interest rate of 5.41% maturing in February 2016, a $200 million loan secured by The Mall at Wellington Green at an interest rate of 5.44% maturing in May 2015, an amortizing loan of $128 million secured by MacArthur Center, which was swapped to a rate of 4.99% maturing in September 2020, and an amortizing loan of $78 million secured by The Mall at Partridge Creek at an interest rate of 6.15% maturing in July 2020.

As of September 30, 2014, the Company incurred $5.5 million of expenses, $5.2 million at TRG's beneficial share, related to the discontinuation of hedge accounting on the swap previously designated to hedge the MacArthur Center note payable. In addition, the Company incurred $1.0 million of disposition costs related to the Sale Centers as of September 30, 2014. These expenses are classified as Nonoperating Expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

As a result of the sale, the Company underwent a restructuring plan to reduce its workforce across various areas of the organization during the third quarter of 2014. As of September 30, 2014, the Company incurred $3.0 million of expenses related to the reduction in workforce. These expenses are classified as Restructuring Charge on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. As of September 30, 2014, $2.3 million of restructuring costs were unpaid and remained accrued.

The carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities of the seven centers included as part of the disposal group classified as "held for sale" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2014 were as follows:
Assets:
 
Properties, net
$
754,180

Other assets
25,883

Total assets
$
780,063

 
 
Liabilities:
 
Notes payable
$
621,945

Other liabilities
30,123

Total liabilities
$
652,068


International Plaza

In January 2014, the Company sold a total of 49.9% of the Company's interests in the entity that owns International Plaza, including certain governance rights, for $499 million (excluding transaction costs), which consisted of $337 million of cash and approximately $162 million of beneficial interest in debt. A gain of $368 million (net of tax of $9.7 million) was recognized as a result of the transaction. The Company's ownership in the center decreased to a noncontrolling 50.1% interest, which is accounted for under the equity method subsequent to the disposition.


8

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Arizona Mills

In January 2014, the Company completed the sale of its 50% interest in Arizona Mills, an Unconsolidated Joint Venture, and land in Syosset, New York related to the former Oyster Bay project, to Simon Property Group (SPG). The consideration, excluding transaction costs, consisted of $60 million of cash and 555,150 partnership units in Simon Property Group Limited Partnership. The number of partnership units received was determined based on a value of $154.91 per unit. The fair value of the partnership units recognized for accounting purposes was $77.7 million, after considering the one-year restriction on the sale of these partnership units. The number of partnership units subsequently increased to 590,124, in lieu of the Company's participation in a distribution of certain partnership units of another entity by SPG and Simon Property Group Limited Partnership. The increase in the number of partnership units was neutral to the market value of the Company's holdings as of the transaction date. The Company's investment in the partnership units is classified within Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As a result of the sale, the Company was relieved of its $84 million share of the $167 million mortgage loan outstanding on Arizona Mills at the time of the sale. A gain of $109 million was recognized as a result of the transaction.

U.S. Development

International Market Place

International Market Place, a 0.4 million square foot center is under construction in Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii. The center will be anchored by Saks Fifth Avenue and is expected to open in spring 2016. The Company owns a 93.5% interest in the project, which is subject to a participating ground lease. As of September 30, 2014, the Company's capitalized costs for the project were $85.0 million ($79.6 million at TRG's share).

The Mall of San Juan

The Mall of San Juan, a 0.7 million square foot center, is under construction in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The Company owns 80% of the project. The center will be anchored by Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue and is expected to open in March 2015. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had capitalized costs of $321.9 million ($258.9 million at TRG's share).

The Mall at University Town Center

The Mall at University Town Center, a 0.9 million square foot center in Sarasota, Florida, opened in October 2014. The Company owns a 50% interest in the project. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had invested $138.2 million. This investment is classified within Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Asia

CityOn.Zhengzhou

In 2013, the Company formed a joint venture with Beijing Wangfujing Department Store (Group) Co., Ltd (Wangfujing), one of China's largest department store chains. The joint venture owns a majority interest in and will manage an approximately 1.0 million square foot multi-level shopping center (CityOn.Zhengzhou) to be located in Zhengzhou, China. Through this joint venture, the Company beneficially owns a 32% interest in the shopping center, which is scheduled to open in spring 2016. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had invested $41.7 million in the project, as increased by $0.4 million of cumulative currency translation adjustments. The investment is classified within Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

CityOn.Xi'an

In 2012, the Company formed a joint venture with Wangfujing. The joint venture will own a 60% controlling interest in and manage an approximately 1.0 million square foot shopping center (CityOn.Xi'an) to be located at Xi'an Saigao City Plaza, a large-scale mixed-use development in Xi'an, China. Through this joint venture, the Company will beneficially own a 30% interest in the shopping center, which is scheduled to open in late 2015. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had invested $58.2 million in the project, as increased by $1.1 million of cumulative currency translation adjustments. This investment is classified within Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.


9

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Hanam Union Square

In 2011, the Company formed a joint venture with Shinsegae Group, South Korea's largest retailer, to build an approximately 1.7 million square foot shopping mall (Hanam Union Square) in Hanam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, which is scheduled to open in late 2016. In August 2014, the Company partnered with a major institution in Asia to acquire an additional 19% stake from Shinsegae Group, increasing the partnership ownership interest to 49%. The new institutional partner owns 14.7% of the project, bringing the Company's effective ownership to 34.3%, an increase from the Company's previous 30% share. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had invested $127.8 million in the project, as increased by $2.9 million of cumulative currency translation adjustments. This investment is classified within Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 3 - Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense

The Company’s income tax expense (benefit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2014

2013
 
2014
 
2013
State current
$
1

 
$
47

 
$
1,520

 
$
298

State deferred
(4
)
 
(34
)
 
(16
)
 
(59
)
Federal current
313

 
160

 
7,851

 
468

Federal deferred
(26
)
 
(38
)
 
1,139

 
251

Foreign current
399

 
1,353

 
980

 
1,983

Foreign deferred


 
(35
)
 
(48
)
 
(226
)
 
$
683


$
1,453


$
11,426


$
2,715

Less income tax expense allocated to Gain on Dispositions (1)


 
 
 
9,733

 
 
Total income tax expense
$
683

 
$
1,453

 
$
1,693

 
$
2,715


(1)
Amount represents the income taxes incurred as part of the Company's sale of interests in International Plaza in January 2014. The tax on the sale is classified within Gain on Dispositions, Net of Tax on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Deferred Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Federal
$
1,607

 
$
2,746

Foreign
1,822

 
1,821

State
550

 
527

Total deferred tax assets
$
3,979

 
$
5,094

Valuation allowances
(1,783
)
 
(1,831
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
2,196

 
$
3,263

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 

Federal
$
602

 
$
602

Foreign
474

 
449

State
91

 
107

Total deferred tax liabilities
$
1,167

 
$
1,158



10

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The Company believes that it is more likely than not the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to recognize the net deferred tax assets. These future operations are primarily dependent upon the Manager’s profitability, the timing and amounts of gains on peripheral land sales, the profitability of Taubman Asia's operations, and other factors affecting the results of operations of the Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. The valuation allowances relate to net operating loss carryforwards and tax basis differences where there is uncertainty regarding their realizability.

The Company realized a tax benefit as additional paid-in capital relating to the redemption of certain share-based compensation awards of $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. This benefit represents the amount of reduced Federal income tax attributed to the tax deduction that exceeds the recognized deferred tax asset relating to the awards, which was based on their cumulative book compensation cost. This excess tax deduction is due to changes in the fair value of the Company's shares between the grant date (the measurement date for book purposes) and the exercise date (the measurement date for tax purposes) of the awards.

Note 4 - Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

General Information

The Company owns beneficial interests in joint ventures that own shopping centers. The Operating Partnership is the sole direct or indirect managing general partner or managing member of Fair Oaks, International Plaza, Stamford Town Center, Sunvalley, and Westfarms. The Operating Partnership also provides certain management, leasing, and/or development services to the other shopping centers noted below.
Shopping Center
 
Ownership as of
September 30, 2014 and
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
Arizona Mills (1)
 
0/50%
CityOn.Xi'an (under construction)
 
Note 2
CityOn.Zhengzhou (under construction)
 
Note 2
Fair Oaks
 
50
Hanam Union Square (under construction)
 
Note 2
International Plaza (2)
 
50.1/100
The Mall at Millenia
 
50
Stamford Town Center
 
50
Sunvalley
 
50
The Mall at University Town Center (under construction) (3)
 
Note 2
Waterside Shops
 
50
Westfarms
 
79

(1)
In January 2014, the Company disposed of its 50% interest in Arizona Mills (Note 2). Prior to the disposition, Arizona Mills was accounted for as an Unconsolidated Joint Venture.
(2)
In January 2014, the Company sold a total of 49.9% of its interests in the entity that owns International Plaza. The disposition decreased the Company's ownership in the center to a noncontrolling 50.1% interest (Note 2). Prior to the disposition, International Plaza was accounted for as a consolidated center.
(3)
The Mall at University Town Center opened in October 2014.

The Company's carrying value of its Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures differs from its share of the partnership or members’ equity reported in the combined balance sheet of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures due to (i) the Company's cost of its investment in excess of the historical net book values of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and (ii) the Operating Partnership’s adjustments to the book basis, including intercompany profits on sales of services that are capitalized by the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The Company's additional basis allocated to depreciable assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over 40 years. The Operating Partnership’s differences in bases are amortized over the useful lives or terms of the related assets and liabilities.


11

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


In its Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Company separately reports its investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures for which accumulated distributions have exceeded investments in and net income of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The net equity of certain joint ventures is less than zero because distributions are usually greater than net income, as net income includes non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization. In addition, any distributions related to refinancing of the centers further decrease the net equity of the centers.

The estimated fair value of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures’ mortgage notes payable was $1.8 billion at September 30, 2014 and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2013. The methodology for determining this fair value is consistent with that used for determining the fair value of consolidated mortgage notes payable (Note 12).

Combined Financial Information

Combined balance sheet and results of operations information is presented in the following table for the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, followed by the Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the combined operations information. The combined information of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures as of September 30, 2014 excluded the balances of Hanam Union Square, CityOn.Xi'an, and CityOn.Zhengzhou, which are currently under construction (Note 2). Beneficial interest is calculated based on the Operating Partnership's ownership interest in each of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures.

 
September 30
2014
 
December 31
2013
Assets:
 
 
 
Properties
$
1,517,439

 
$
1,305,658

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(539,451
)
 
(478,820
)
 
$
977,988

 
$
826,838

Cash and cash equivalents
28,763

 
28,782

Accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,364 and $977 in 2014 and 2013
29,399

 
33,626

Deferred charges and other assets
31,740

 
28,095

 
$
1,067,890

 
$
917,341

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and accumulated deficiency in assets:
 

 
 

Notes payable
$
1,785,602

 
$
1,551,161

Accounts payable and other liabilities
73,889

 
70,226

TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets
(453,452
)
 
(412,204
)
Unconsolidated Joint Venture Partners' accumulated deficiency in assets
(338,149
)
 
(291,842
)
 
$
1,067,890

 
$
917,341

 
 
 
 
TRG's accumulated deficiency in assets (above)
$
(453,452
)
 
$
(412,204
)
TRG's investment in properties under development (Note 2)
226,853

 
193,306

TRG basis adjustments, including elimination of intercompany profit
131,070

 
118,132

TCO's additional basis
55,449

 
56,909

Net investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
(40,080
)
 
$
(43,857
)
Distributions in excess of investments in and net income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
401,809

 
371,549

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
361,729

 
$
327,692


12

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues
$
80,671

 
$
71,858

 
$
238,190

 
$
209,183

Maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
$
25,040

 
$
22,933

 
$
75,486

 
$
67,037

Interest expense
18,518

 
17,302

 
55,065

 
51,758

Depreciation and amortization
11,417

 
9,237

 
32,613

 
27,155

Total operating costs
$
54,975

 
$
49,472


$
163,164


$
145,950

Nonoperating income
(22
)
 
(1
)
 
(25
)
 
(1
)
Net income
$
25,674

 
$
22,385


$
75,001


$
63,232

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to TRG
$
14,258

 
$
12,402

 
$
41,319

 
$
35,103

Realized intercompany profit, net of depreciation on TRG’s basis adjustments
707

 
306

 
1,363

 
405

Depreciation of TCO's additional basis
(486
)
 
(488
)
 
(1,460
)
 
(1,461
)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
14,479

 
$
12,220


$
41,222


$
34,047

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beneficial interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures’ operations:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Revenues less maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, and other operating expenses
$
31,762

 
$
28,000

 
$
92,336

 
$
80,777

Interest expense
(10,006
)
 
(9,415
)
 
(29,805
)
 
(28,192
)
Depreciation and amortization
(7,277
)
 
(6,365
)
 
(21,309
)
 
(18,538
)
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
14,479

 
$
12,220


$
41,222


$
34,047


13

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Note 5 - Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense

The Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the debt, capitalized interest, and interest expense of its consolidated subsidiaries and its Unconsolidated Joint Ventures is summarized in the following table. The Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in the consolidated subsidiaries excludes debt and interest related to the noncontrolling interests in Cherry Creek Shopping Center (50%), The Mall at Wellington Green (10%), and MacArthur Center (5%). In October 2014, the Company disposed of The Mall at Wellington Green and MacArthur Center as part of the sale to Starwood (Note 2).

 
At 100%
 
At Beneficial Interest
 
Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Debt as of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2014
$
2,637,941

(1
)
$
1,785,602

 
$
2,448,342

(1
)
$
984,512

December 31, 2013
3,058,053

 
1,551,161

 
2,891,592

 
868,942

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized interest:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
$
18,844

(2
)
$
2,836

 
$
18,136

 
$
1,430

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
11,511

(2
)
73

 
11,169

 
46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
$
74,946

 
$
55,065

 
$
68,687

 
$
29,805

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
99,589

 
51,578

 
93,049

 
28,192


(1)
The debt balance presented includes the debt of centers classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2014 (Note 2). The debt of centers held for sale was $622 million at 100% and $596 million at the Operating Partnership's beneficial interest at September 30, 2014. In October 2014, the Company disposed of the centers that were previously held for sale (Note 2).
(2)
The Company capitalizes interest costs incurred in funding its equity contributions to development projects accounted for as Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. The capitalized interest cost is included in the Company's basis in its investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Such capitalized interest reduces interest expense in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income and in the table above is included within Consolidated Subsidiaries.

2014 Financings

In April 2014, a $320 million construction facility was completed for The Mall of San Juan, a consolidated joint venture. The construction facility has an initial three-year term with two, one-year extension options. The loan is interest only for the entire term and bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.00%, which may decrease to LIBOR plus 1.75% upon achieving certain performance measures.

In March 2014, the maturity date on the Company's $65 million secondary revolving line of credit was extended through April 2016. All significant terms of the credit facility agreement remain unchanged as a result of the extension.

In January 2014, the Company used a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the total of 49.9% interests in the entity that owns International Plaza (Note 2) to pay off the $99.5 million mortgage note payable on Stony Point Fashion Park that was scheduled to mature in June 2014.


14

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Debt Covenants

Certain loan agreements contain various restrictive covenants, including the following corporate covenants on the Company’s unsecured primary revolving line of credit, unsecured term loan, and the construction facilities on The Mall at University Town Center and The Mall of San Juan: a minimum net worth requirement, a maximum total leverage ratio, a maximum secured leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a maximum recourse secured debt ratio and a maximum payout ratio. In addition, the Company’s primary revolving line of credit and term loan have unencumbered pool covenants, which currently apply to Beverly Center, Dolphin Mall, and Twelve Oaks Mall on a combined basis. These covenants include a minimum number and minimum value of eligible unencumbered assets, a maximum unencumbered leverage ratio, a minimum unencumbered interest coverage ratio and a minimum unencumbered asset occupancy ratio. As of September 30, 2014, the corporate minimum fixed charge coverage ratio is the most restrictive covenant. The Company was in compliance with all of its covenants and loan obligations as of September 30, 2014. The maximum payout ratio covenant limits the payment of distributions generally to 95% of funds from operations, as defined in the loan agreements, except as required to maintain the Company’s tax status, pay preferred distributions, and for distributions related to the sale of certain assets.

Upon the disposition of Fairlane Town Center and The Shops at Willow Bend in October 2014 (Note 2), these centers were removed from the primary revolving line of credit and term loan unencumbered asset pool. The Company does not expect that this will significantly affect the ability to meet the required covenants or the current $1.1 billion availability under the line of credit.

Guarantees

In connection with the financing of the construction facility at The Mall at University Town Center, which is owned by an Unconsolidated Joint Venture, the Operating Partnership provided an unconditional guarantee of 25% of the principal balance and 50% of all accrued but unpaid interest. The maximum amount of the construction facility is $225 million. The outstanding balance of The Mall at University Town Center construction financing facility as of September 30, 2014 was $155.6 million. Accrued but unpaid interest as of September 30, 2014 was $0.2 million. The principal guarantee may be reduced to 12.5% of the outstanding principal balance upon achievement of certain performance measures. Upon stabilization, the unconditional guarantee may be released. The Company believes the likelihood of a payment under the guarantee to be remote.

In connection with the financing of the construction facility at The Mall of San Juan, the Operating Partnership has provided an unconditional guarantee of the construction loan principal balance and all accrued but unpaid interest during the term of the loan. In addition, the Operating Partnership has provided a guarantee as to the completion of the center. The outstanding balance of The Mall of San Juan construction financing facility as of September 30, 2014 was $116.0 million. Accrued but unpaid interest as of September 30, 2014 was $0.1 million. The center is expected to open in March 2015 and the Company believes the likelihood of a payment under the guarantees to be remote.

Other

The Company is required to escrow cash balances for specific uses stipulated by certain of its lenders. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company’s cash balances restricted for these uses were $43.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2014, $39.6 million of the $43.3 million of restricted cash was required under certain debt agreements to be in escrow for certain major construction projects.

Note 6 - Equity Transactions

In August 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $200 million of its outstanding common stock. The Company plans to repurchase shares from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market prices and other conditions. No stock repurchases were made during the third quarter of 2014. As of September 30, 2014, the Company repurchased 787,071 shares of its common stock at an average price of $66.45 per share for a total of $52.3 million under the authorization. All shares repurchased have been cancelled. For each share of the Company’s stock repurchased, an equal number of the Company’s Operating Partnership units are redeemed. Repurchases of common stock were financed through general corporate funds, including borrowings under existing lines of credit.

In March 2013, the Company issued 6,800,000 shares of 6.25% Series K Preferred Stock. Net proceeds from the offering were $164.4 million, net of offering costs of $5.6 million.


15

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Note 7 - Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

The Company's president of Taubman Asia (the Asia President) has an ownership interest in Taubman Asia, a consolidated subsidiary. The Asia President is entitled to 10% of Taubman Asia's dividends, with 85% of his dividends being withheld as contributions to capital. These withholdings will continue until he contributes and maintains his capital consistent with a 10% ownership interest, including all capital funded by the Operating Partnership for Taubman Asia's operating and investment activities subsequent to the Asia President obtaining his ownership interest. The Operating Partnership will have a preferred investment in Taubman Asia to the extent the Asia President has not yet contributed capital commensurate with his ownership interest. This preferred investment will accrue an annual preferential return equal to the Operating Partnership's average borrowing rate (with the preferred investment and accrued return together being referred to herein as the preferred interest). In April 2014, the Taubman Asia operating agreement was amended to provide that so long as the Taubman Asia President is employed by Taubman Asia on April 1, 2016, then during the month ended April 30, 2016, he will have the right to exercise an option to put up to 40% of his ownership interest for cash in December 2016 at a valuation determined as of October 31, 2016. In addition, under the amended agreement, Taubman Asia has the ability to call, and the Asia President has the ability to put, the Asia President’s ownership interest upon specified terminations of the Asia President’s employment, although such put or call right may not be exercised for specified time periods after certain termination events. The redemption price for the ownership interest is 50% (increasing to 100% as early as June 2017) of the fair value of the ownership interest less the amount required to return the Operating Partnership's preferred interest. The Company has determined that the Asia President's ownership interest in Taubman Asia qualifies as an equity award, considering its specific redemption provisions, and accounts for it as a contingently redeemable noncontrolling interest, with a carrying value of zero at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Any adjustments to the redemption value are recorded through equity.

The Company owns a 93.5% controlling interest in a joint venture that is redeveloping International Market Place in Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii. The 6.5% joint venture partner has no obligation nor the right to contribute capital. The Company is entitled to a preferential return on its capital contributions. The Company has the right to purchase the joint venture partner's interest and the joint venture partner has the right to require the Company to purchase the joint venture partner's interest after the third anniversary of the opening of the center, and annually thereafter. The purchase price of the joint venture partner's interest will be based on fair value. Considering the redemption provisions, the Company accounts for the joint venture partner's interest as a contingently redeemable noncontrolling interest with a carrying value of zero at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Any adjustments to the redemption value are recorded through equity.

In July 2010, the Company formed a joint venture that focused on developing and owning outlet shopping centers. The Company owned a 90% controlling interest, while the joint venture partner owned a 10% interest. The Company had been funding substantially all of the outlet business. In September 2013, the Company redeemed this partner's interest for $1.1 million as part of a negotiated transaction, an amount modestly less than the partner's previously contributed capital. The joint venture partner's interest was previously accounted for as a redeemable noncontrolling interest with a carrying value of zero. The redemption of this interest in a consolidated subsidiary was accounted for as an equity transaction.

Equity Balances of Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests

The net equity balance of the noncontrolling interests as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 included the following:
 
2014
 
2013
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures
$
(17,790
)
 
$
(37,191
)
Noncontrolling interests in partnership equity of TRG
71,698

 
(58,342
)
 
$
53,908

 
$
(95,533
)


16

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Income Allocable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013 included the following:
 
2014
 
2013
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
$
2,643

 
$
2,198

Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
14,057

 
10,338

 
$
16,700

 
$
12,536


Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013 included the following:
 
2014
 
2013
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
$
8,013

 
$
6,752

Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
170,922

 
29,915

 
$
178,935


$
36,667


Equity Transactions

The following schedule presents the effects of changes in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s ownership interest in consolidated subsidiaries on Taubman Centers, Inc.’s equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013:
 
2014
 
2013
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
$
424,151

 
$
70,074

Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interest:
 

 
 

Increase in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s paid-in capital for adjustments of noncontrolling interest (1)
54

 
5,995

Decrease in Taubman Centers, Inc.’s paid-in capital related to the acquisition of additional ownership in the outlet joint venture
 
 
(1,050
)
Net transfers from noncontrolling interests
54

 
4,945

Change from net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. and transfers from noncontrolling interests
$
424,205

 
$
75,019


(1)
In 2014 and 2013, adjustments of noncontrolling interests were made as a result of changes in the Company's ownership of the Operating Partnership in connection with the Company's share-based compensation under employee and director benefit plans (Note 9), issuances of stock pursuant to the Continuing Offer (Note 10), redemption of the outlet joint venture partner's interest in 2013, and stock repurchases (Note 6).

Finite Life Entities

Accounting Standards Codification Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” establishes standards for classifying and measuring as liabilities certain financial instruments that embody obligations of the issuer and have characteristics of both liabilities and equity. At September 30, 2014, the Company held a controlling interest in a consolidated entity with a specified termination date in 2083. The noncontrolling owner's interest in this entity is to be settled upon termination by distribution or transfer of either cash or specific assets of the underlying entity. The estimated fair value of this noncontrolling interest was approximately $400 million at September 30, 2014, compared to a book value of $(22.5) million that is classified in Noncontrolling Interests in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was calculated as the noncontrolling interest's ownership share of the underlying property's fair value. The property's fair value was estimated by considering its in-place net operating income, current market capitalization rate, and mortgage debt outstanding.

 


17

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Note 8 - Derivative and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective and Strategies for Using Derivatives

The Company uses derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps and interest rate caps, primarily to manage exposure to interest rate risks inherent in variable rate debt and refinancings. The Company may also enter into forward starting swaps or treasury lock agreements to set the effective interest rate on a planned fixed-rate financing. The Company’s interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. In a forward starting swap or treasury lock agreement that the Company cash settles in anticipation of a fixed rate financing or refinancing, the Company will receive or pay an amount equal to the present value of future cash flow payments based on the difference between the contract rate and market rate on the settlement date.

The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes and, with the exception of the MacArthur Center swap, currently does not have any derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments under the accounting requirements for derivatives and hedging.

As of September 30, 2014, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated and are expected to be effective as cash flow hedges of the interest payments on the associated debt.

Instrument Type

Ownership

Notional Amount

Swap Rate

Credit Spread on Loan

Total Swapped Rate on Loan

Maturity Date
Consolidated Subsidiaries:

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

$
200,000

 
1.64
%
 
1.35
%
(1) 
2.99
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

175,000

 
1.65
%
 
1.35
%
(1) 
3.00
%
(1) 
February 2019
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)

100
%

100,000

 
1.64
%
 
1.35
%
(1) 
2.99
%
(1) 
February 2019
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures:

 


 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)

50
%

137,200

 
2.40
%
 
1.70
%
 
4.10
%
 
April 2018
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (2)

50
%

137,200

 
2.40
%
 
1.70
%
 
4.10
%
 
April 2018

(1)
The hedged forecasted transaction for each of these swaps is the first previously unhedged one-month LIBOR-indexed interest payments accrued and made each month on a debt principal amount equal to the swap notional, regardless of the specific debt agreement from which they may flow. The Company is currently using these swaps to manage interest rate risk on the $475 million TRG Term Loan. The credit spread on this loan can also vary within a range of 1.35% to 1.90%, depending on the Company's leverage ratio at the measurement date.
(2)
The notional amount on each of these swaps is equal to 50% of the outstanding principal balance of the loan on Fair Oaks.


18

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Non-designated Derivatives

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings.

In June 2014, in connection with entering into the Starwood Purchase and Sale Agreement (Note 2), the Company discontinued hedge accounting on the MacArthur Center swap and accelerated the reclassification of amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI) to earnings as a result of it becoming probable that the center's debt would be early extinguished and the hedged interest payments would not occur. The accelerated amount was a loss of $4.9 million recorded as a component of Nonoperating Expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The Company also recorded a gain of $0.2 million and a loss of $0.6 million to Nonoperating Expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 for changes in the fair value of this swap subsequent to the June 2014 discontinuation of hedge accounting. As of September 30, 2014, this interest rate swap is classified in Liabilities of Centers Held for Sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In October 2014, this swap was terminated and the debt was paid off with the proceeds from the sale to Starwood (Note 2). The following information relates to this swap as of September 30, 2014:

Instrument Type
 
Ownership
 
Notional Amount
 
Swap Rate
 
Credit Spread on Loan
 
Total Swapped Rate on Loan
 
Maturity Date
Consolidated Subsidiaries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive variable (LIBOR) /pay-fixed swap (1)
 
95
%
 
$
128,100

 
2.64
%
 
2.35
%
 
4.99
%
 
September 2020

(1)
The notional amount on this swap was equal to the outstanding principal balance of the loan on MacArthur Center.


19

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, is recognized directly in earnings. Net realized gains or losses resulting from derivatives that were settled in conjunction with planned fixed-rate financings or refinancings continue to be included in AOCI during the term of the hedged debt transaction.

Amounts reported in AOCI related to currently outstanding derivatives are recognized as an adjustment to income as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. Realized gains or losses on settled derivative instruments included in AOCI are recognized as an adjustment to income over the term of the hedged debt transaction.

The Company expects that approximately $9.7 million of the AOCI of Taubman Centers, Inc. and the noncontrolling interests will be reclassified from AOCI and recognized as a reduction of income in the following 12 months.

The following tables present the effect of derivative instruments on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013. The tables include the amount of gains or losses on outstanding derivative instruments recognized in OCI in cash flow hedging relationships and the location and amount of gains or losses reclassified from AOCI into income resulting from outstanding derivative instruments and settled derivative instruments associated with hedged debt.

During the three months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, the Company did not have any hedge ineffectiveness or amounts that were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness recorded in earnings.
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
2014
 
2013
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
$
3,692

 
$
(67
)
 
Interest Expense
 
$
(1,810
)
 
$
(812
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
1,266

 
(329
)
 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(789
)
 
(777
)
Total derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
4,958

 
$
(396
)
 
 
 
$
(2,599
)
 
$
(1,589
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses on settled cash flow hedges:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Interest rate contract – consolidated subsidiaries
 

 
 

 
Interest Expense
 


 
$
(151
)
Total realized losses on settled cash flow hedges
 

 
 

 
 
 
$

 
$
(151
)




20

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company had an immaterial amount of hedge ineffectiveness related to the swap on MacArthur Center (prior to discontinuation of hedge accounting), which was classified as Nonoperating Income on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company did not have any hedge ineffectiveness or amounts that were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness recorded in earnings.

 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
2014
 
2013
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries (1)
 
 
 
 
Nonoperating Expense (1)
 
$
(4,880
)
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries (1)
$
(4,043
)
 
$
6,375

 
Interest Expense (1)
 
(6,853
)
 
$
(2,406
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
1,008

 
4,039

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
 
(2,340
)
 
(2,297
)
Total derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
(3,035
)
 
$
10,414

 
 
 
$
(14,073
)
 
$
(4,703
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized losses on settled cash flow hedges:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Interest rate contract – consolidated subsidiaries
 

 
 

 
Interest Expense
 


 
$
(454
)
Total realized losses on settled cash flow hedges
 

 
 

 
 
 
$

 
$
(454
)

(1)
Includes MacArthur Center swap for the period that it was effective as a hedge until June 2014, when hedge accounting was discontinued.


21

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The Company records all derivative instruments at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The following table presents the location and fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The Company does not have any derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in an asset position as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Location
 
September 30
2014
 
December 31
2013
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Asset derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts – consolidated subsidiaries
Deferred Charges and Other Assets
 


 
$
1,543

Liability derivatives:
 
 
 

 
 

Interest rate contract – consolidated subsidiaries
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
 
$
(726
)
 
$
(3,418
)
Interest rate contracts – UJVs
Investment in UJVs
 
(4,929
)
 
(5,938
)
Total liabilities designated as hedging instruments
 
 
$
(5,655
)
 
$
(9,356
)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contract – held for sale
Liabilities of Centers Held for Sale
 
(4,874
)
 
 
Total liability derivatives
 
 
$
(10,529
)
 
$
(9,356
)


Contingent Features

Three of the Company's outstanding derivatives contain provisions that state if the hedged entity defaults on any of its indebtedness in excess of $1 million, then the derivative obligation could also be declared in default. Three of the Company’s outstanding derivatives contain provisions that state if the Operating Partnership defaults on any of its recourse indebtedness in excess of $50 million, then the derivative obligation could also be declared in default. As of September 30, 2014, the Company is not in default on any indebtedness that would trigger a credit risk related default on its current outstanding derivatives.

As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the fair value of derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position was $10.5 million and $9.4 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company was not required to post any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company breached any of these provisions it would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their fair value. See Note 12 for fair value information on derivatives.

Note 9 - Share-Based Compensation

The Taubman Company 2008 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (2008 Omnibus Plan), as amended, which is shareowner approved, provides for the award to directors, officers, employees, and other service providers of the Company of restricted shares, restricted units of limited partnership in the Operating Partnership, options to purchase shares or Operating Partnership units, unrestricted shares or Operating Partnership units, and other awards to acquire up to an aggregate of 8.5 million Company common shares or Operating Partnership units. In addition, non-employee directors have the option to defer their compensation, other than their meeting fees, under a deferred compensation plan.

Non-option awards granted after an amendment of the 2008 Omnibus Plan in 2010 are deducted at a ratio of 1.85 Company common shares or Operating Partnership units, while non-option awards granted prior to the amendment are deducted at a ratio of 2.85. Options are deducted on a one-for-one basis. The amount available for future grants is adjusted when the number of contingently issuable shares or units are settled, for grants that are forfeited, and for options that expire without being exercised.

Prior to the adoption of the 2008 Omnibus Plan, the Company provided share-based compensation through an incentive option plan and non-employee directors' stock grant and deferred compensation plans.


22

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The compensation cost charged to income for the Company’s share-based compensation plans was $3.4 million and $9.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The compensation cost charged to income for the Company’s share-based compensation plans was $3.6 million and $9.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. Compensation cost capitalized as part of properties and deferred leasing costs was $0.4 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, and $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively.

The Company estimated the grant-date fair values of options, performance share units, and restricted share units using the methods discussed in the separate sections below for each type of grant. Expected volatility and dividend yields are based on historical volatility and yields of the Company’s common stock, respectively, as well as other factors. The risk-free interest rates used are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curves in effect at the times of grants. The Company assumes no forfeitures of options or performance share units due to the small number of participants and low turnover rate.

Options

A summary of option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is presented below:
 
Number of Options
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
 
Range of Exercise Prices
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
563,436

 
$
43.81

 
2.6

 
$
31.31

-
$
55.90

Exercised
(42,143
)
 
42.16

 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2014
521,293

 
$
43.95

 
1.9

 
$
31.31

-
$
55.90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fully vested options at September 30, 2014
521,293

 
$
43.95

 
1.9

 
 

 
 

No options were granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

The aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the period end stock price and the option exercise price) of in-the-money options outstanding was $15.1 million as of September 30, 2014.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was $1.4 million and $3.6 million, respectively. Cash received from option exercises for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was $1.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2014, all options outstanding were fully vested, and there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to options.

Under both the prior option plan and the 2008 Omnibus Plan, vested unit options can be exercised by tendering mature units with a market value equal to the exercise price of the unit options. In 2002, Robert S. Taubman, the Company’s chief executive officer, exercised options for 3.0 million units by tendering 2.1 million mature units and deferring receipt of 0.9 million units under the unit option deferral election. As the Operating Partnership pays distributions, the deferred option units receive their proportionate share of the distributions in the form of cash payments. Under an amendment executed in January 2011, beginning in December 2017 (unless Mr. Taubman retires earlier), the deferred partnership units will be issued in ten annual installments. The deferred units are accounted for as participating securities of the Operating Partnership.

Performance Share Units

In 2014, the Company granted Performance Share Units (PSU) under the 2008 Omnibus Plan. Each PSU represents the right to receive, upon vesting, shares of the Company’s common stock ranging from 0-300% of the PSU based on the Company’s market performance relative to that of a peer group. The units vest in March 2017 if continuous service has been provided, or upon retirement or certain other events (such as death or disability) if earlier. No dividends accumulate during the vesting period.


23

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The Company estimated the value of these PSU granted using a Monte Carlo simulation, considering the Company’s common stock price at the grant dates less the present value of the expected dividends during the vesting periods, historical returns of the Company and the peer group of companies, a risk-free interest rate of 0.70% and a measurement period of approximately three years. The resulting weighted average grant-date fair value was $93.07 per PSU.

A summary of PSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is presented below:
 
Number of Performance Share Units
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
234,863

 
$
139.18

Vested
(43,858
)
(1) 
85.40

Granted
49,157

 
93.07

Forfeited
(771
)
 
160.09

Outstanding at September 30, 2014
239,391

 
$
139.50


(1)
Based on the Company's market performance relative to that of a peer group, the actual number of shares of common stock issued upon vesting during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 equaled 172% of the number of PSU awards vested in the table above.

None of the PSU outstanding at September 30, 2014 were vested. As of September 30, 2014, there was $16.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested PSU outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 2.1 years.

Restricted Share Units

In 2014, Restricted Share Units (RSU) were issued under the 2008 Omnibus Plan and represent the right to receive upon vesting one share of the Company’s common stock. The units vest in March 2017, if continuous service has been provided, or upon retirement or certain other events (such as death or disability) if earlier. No dividends accumulate during the vesting period. The Company estimated the values of these RSU using the Company’s common stock at the grant dates deducting the present value of expected dividends during the vesting periods using a risk-free rate of 0.70%. The result of the Company’s valuation was a weighted average grant-date fair value of $63.95 per RSU.

In 2014, the Company also granted a limited number of additional RSU that represent the right to receive upon vesting one share of the Company’s common stock. The units have staggered vesting dates from March 2015 to March 2017, if continuous service has been provided through those periods, or upon retirement or certain other events (such as death or disability) if earlier. No dividends accumulate during the vesting periods. The Company estimated the value of these additional RSU using the Company's common stock price at the grant date deducting the present value of expected dividends during the vesting periods using a risk-free rate of 0.13% to 0.71%. The result of the Company's valuation was a weighted average grant-date fair value of $66.19 per RSU.

A summary of RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is presented below:
 
Number of Restricted Share Units
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
269,899

 
$
62.00

Vested
(98,213
)
 
51.07

Granted (three-year vesting)
106,540

 
63.95

Granted (staggered vesting)
8,505

 
66.19

Forfeited
(4,843
)
 
65.44

Outstanding at September 30, 2014
281,888

 
$
66.65


None of the RSU outstanding at September 30, 2014 were vested. As of September 30, 2014, there was $8.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSU outstanding. This cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of 1.8 years.



24

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies

Cash Tender

At the time of the Company's initial public offering and acquisition of its partnership interest in the Operating Partnership in 1992, the Company entered into an agreement (the Cash Tender Agreement) with A. Alfred Taubman, who owns an interest in the Operating Partnership, whereby he has the annual right to tender to the Company partnership units in the Operating Partnership (provided that the aggregate value is at least $50 million) and cause the Company to purchase the tendered interests at a purchase price based on a market valuation of the Company on the trading date immediately preceding the date of the tender. At A. Alfred Taubman's election, his family may participate in tenders. The Company will have the option to pay for these interests from available cash, borrowed funds, or from the proceeds of an offering of the Company's common stock. Generally, the Company expects to finance these purchases through the sale of new shares of its stock. The tendering partner will bear all market risk if the market price at closing is less than the purchase price and will bear the costs of sale. Any proceeds of the offering in excess of the purchase price will be for the sole benefit of the Company. The Company accounts for the Cash Tender Agreement between the Company and Mr. Taubman as a freestanding written put option. As the option put price is defined by the current market price of the Company's stock at the time of tender, the fair value of the written option defined by the Cash Tender Agreement is considered to be zero.

Based on a market value at September 30, 2014 of $73.00 per share for the Company's common stock, the aggregate value of interests in the Operating Partnership that may be tendered under the Cash Tender Agreement was $1.8 billion. The purchase of these interests at September 30, 2014 would have resulted in the Company owning an additional 27% interest in the Operating Partnership.

Continuing Offer

The Company has made a continuing, irrevocable offer to all present holders (other than certain excluded holders, including A. Alfred Taubman), permitted assignees of all present holders, those future holders of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership as the Company may, in its sole discretion, agree to include in the continuing offer, all existing optionees under the previous option plan, and all existing and future optionees under the 2008 Omnibus Plan to exchange shares of common stock for partnership interests in the Operating Partnership (the Continuing Offer). Under the Continuing Offer agreement, one unit of the Operating Partnership interest is exchangeable for one share of the Company's common stock. Upon a tender of Operating Partnership units, the corresponding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, if any, will automatically be converted into the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 14,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of common stock.

Litigation

In April 2009, two restaurant owners, their two restaurants, and their principal filed a lawsuit in United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (Case No. 09-CV-01619) against Atlantic Pier Associates LLC ("APA", the then owner of the leasehold interest in The Pier Shops), the Operating Partnership, Taubman Centers, Inc., the owners of APA and certain affiliates of such owners, three individuals affiliated with, or at one time employed by an affiliate of one of the owners, and, subsequently added the Manager as a defendant. The plaintiffs are alleging the defendants misrepresented and concealed the status of certain tenant leases at The Pier Shops and that such status was relied upon by the plaintiffs in making decisions about their own leases. The plaintiffs are seeking damages exceeding $20 million, rescission of their leases, exemplary or punitive damages, costs and expenses, attorney's fees, return of certain rent, and other relief as the court may determine. The claims against the Operating Partnership, Taubman Centers, Inc., the Manager, other Taubman defendants, and one of the owners were dismissed in July 2011, but, in August 2011, the restaurant owners reinstated the same claims in a state court action that was then removed to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (Case No. 11-CV-05676). The defendants are vigorously defending the action. The outcome of this lawsuit cannot be predicted with any certainty and management is currently unable to estimate a range of potential loss that could result if an unfavorable outcome occurs. While management does not believe that an adverse outcome in this lawsuit would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, there can be no assurance that an adverse outcome would not have a material effect on the Company's results of operations for any particular period.

The Company carries liability insurance to mitigate its exposure to certain losses, including those relating to personal injury claims. We believe the Company's insurance policy terms and conditions and limits are appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of loss and industry practice. There are, however, certain types of losses, such as punitive damage awards, that may not be covered by insurance, and not all potential losses are insured against.


25

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Other

See Note 5 for the Operating Partnership's guarantees of certain notes payable, including a guarantee relating to an Unconsolidated Joint Venture, Note 7 for contingent features relating to certain joint venture agreements, Note 8 for contingent features relating to derivative instruments, and Note 9 for obligations under existing share-based compensation plans.

Note 11 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share amounts are based on the weighted average of common shares outstanding for the respective periods. Diluted earnings per share amounts are based on the weighted average of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of potential common stock. Potential common stock includes outstanding partnership units exchangeable for common shares under the Continuing Offer (Note 10), outstanding options for partnership units, PSU, RSU, deferred shares under the Non-Employee Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan, and unissued partnership units under a unit option deferral election (Note 9). In computing the potentially dilutive effect of potential common stock, partnership units are assumed to be exchanged for common shares under the Continuing Offer, increasing the weighted average number of shares outstanding. The potentially dilutive effects of partnership units outstanding and/or issuable under the unit option deferral elections are calculated using the if-converted method, while the effects of other potential common stock are calculated using the treasury method. Contingently issuable shares are included in diluted EPS based on the number of shares, if any, that would be issuable if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period. 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
2014

2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners (Numerator):
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
33,682

 
$
24,488

 
$
424,151

 
$
70,074

Impact of additional ownership of TRG
121

 
107

 
4,151

 
352

Diluted
$
33,803

 
$
24,595


$
428,302

 
$
70,426

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares (Denominator) – basic
63,317,680

 
63,753,748

 
63,249,400

 
63,653,155

Effect of dilutive securities
770,062

 
937,161

 
1,626,651

 
1,049,493

Shares (Denominator) – diluted
64,087,742

 
64,690,909


64,876,051

 
64,702,648

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share - basic
$
0.53

 
$
0.38

 
$
6.71

 
$
1.10

Earnings per common share – diluted
$
0.53

 
$
0.38

 
$
6.60

 
$
1.09


The calculation of diluted earnings per share in certain periods excluded certain potential common stock including outstanding partnership units and unissued partnership units under a unit option deferral election, both of which may be exchanged for common shares of the Company under the Continuing Offer. The table below presents the potential common stock excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as they were anti-dilutive in the period presented.

 
Three Months Ended
September 30
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30
 
2014

2013
 
2014
 
2013
Weighted average noncontrolling partnership units outstanding
4,369,590

 
4,494,470

 
4,352,233

 
4,557,851

Unissued partnership units under unit option deferral elections
871,262

 
871,262

 


 
871,262




26

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Note 12 - Fair Value Disclosures

This note contains required fair value disclosures for assets and liabilities remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis and financial instruments carried at other than fair value, as well as assumptions employed in deriving these fair values.

Recurring Valuations

Derivative Instruments

The fair value of interest rate hedging instruments is the amount that the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company’s valuations of its derivative instruments are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative, and therefore fall into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The valuations reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and use observable market-based inputs, including forward curves. The fair values of interest rate hedging instruments also incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both the Company’s own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty's nonperformance risk.

Other

The Company's valuation of an insurance deposit utilizes unadjusted quoted prices determined by active markets for the specific securities the Company has invested in, and therefore falls into Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, quantitative disclosure of the fair value for each major category of assets and liabilities is presented below:
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
September 30, 2014 Using
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
December 31, 2013 Using
Description
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Insurance deposit
 
$
13,089

 
 

 
$
12,225

 
 

Derivative interest rate contracts (Note 8)
 
 
 


 
 
 
$
1,543

Total assets
 
$
13,089


$

 
$
12,225

 
$
1,543

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative interest rate contracts (Note 8)
 
 

 
$
(5,600
)
 
 

 
$
(3,418
)
Total liabilities
 
 

 
$
(5,600
)
 
 

 
$
(3,418
)

The insurance deposit shown above represents an escrow account maintained in connection with a property and casualty insurance arrangement for the Company’s shopping centers, and is classified within Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Corresponding deferred revenue relating to amounts billed to tenants for this arrangement has been classified within Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.



27

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Values

Simon Property Group Limited Partnership Units

As of September 30, 2014, the Company owned 590,124 partnership units in Simon Property Group Limited Partnership (Note 2). The fair value of the partnership units, derived from SPG's common stock price after considering the one-year restriction on the sale of the units, and therefore falling into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, was $94.0 million at September 30, 2014. The partnership units were classified as Deferred Charges and Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and had a book value of $77.7 million at September 30, 2014.

Notes Payable

The fair value of notes payable is estimated using cash flows discounted at current market rates and therefore falls into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When selecting discount rates for purposes of estimating the fair value of notes payable at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company employed the credit spreads at which the debt was originally issued. For debt refinanced prior to 2010, excluding debt assumed from acquisitions, an additional 0.75% and 1.00% credit spread was added to the discount rate at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, to attempt to account for current market conditions. This additional spread is an estimate and is not necessarily indicative of what the Company could obtain in the market at the reporting date. The Company does not believe that the use of different interest rate assumptions would have resulted in a materially different fair value of notes payable as of September 30, 2014 or December 31, 2013. To further assist financial statement users, the Company has included with its fair value disclosures an analysis of interest rate sensitivity.

The estimated fair values of notes payable at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
Notes payable (1)
$
2,637,941

 
$
2,689,413

 
$
3,058,053

 
$
3,107,119


(1)
Includes a carrying value of $622 million and a fair value of $641 million of notes payable related to the centers classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2014. In October 2014, the Company disposed of the centers that were previously held for sale (Note 2).

The fair values of the notes payable are dependent on the interest rates used in estimating the values. An overall 1% increase in rates employed in making these estimates would have decreased the fair values of the debt shown above at September 30, 2014 by $40.2 million or 1.5%.

Cash Equivalents and Notes Receivable

The fair value of cash equivalents and notes receivable approximates their carrying value due to their short maturity. The fair value of cash equivalents is derived from quoted market prices and therefore falls into Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of notes receivable are estimated using cash flows discounted at current market rates and therefore fall into Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

See Note 4 regarding the fair value of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures’ notes payable, and Note 8 regarding additional information on derivatives.



28

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Note 13 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Changes in the balance of each component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 are as follows:
 
Taubman Centers, Inc. AOCI
 
Noncontrolling Interests AOCI
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
January 1, 2014
$
5,040

 
$
(13,954
)
 
$
(8,914
)
 
$
2,011

 
$
6,141

 
$
8,152

Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications
(1,741
)
 
(8,478
)
 
(10,219
)
 
(691
)
 
(3,516
)
 
(4,207
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 
9,846

 
9,846

 


 
4,227

 
4,227

Net current period other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
(1,741
)
 
$
1,368

 
$
(373
)
 
$
(691
)
 
$
711

 
$
20

Adjustments due to changes in ownership
7

 
22

 
29

 
(7
)
 
(22
)
 
(29
)
September 30, 2014
$
3,306

 
$
(12,564
)
 
$
(9,258
)
 
$
1,313

 
$
6,830

 
$
8,143


Changes in the balance of each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are as follows:

 
Taubman Centers, Inc. AOCI
 
Noncontrolling Interests AOCI
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
 
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate instruments and other
 
Total
January 1, 2013
$
1,888

 
$
(23,952
)
 
$
(22,064
)
 
$
756


$
1,739

 
$
2,495

Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications
1,127

 
3,981

 
5,108

 
447


1,776

 
2,223

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

 
2,660

 
2,660

 



1,174

 
1,174

Net current period other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
1,127

 
$
6,641

 
$
7,768

 
$
447

 
$
2,950

 
$
3,397

Adjustments due to changes in ownership
5

 
17

 
22

 
(5
)

(17
)
 
(22
)
September 30, 2013
$
3,020

 
$
(17,294
)
 
$
(14,274
)
 
$
1,198

 
$
4,672

 
$
5,870


The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
Details about AOCI Components
 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected line item in Consolidated Statement of Operations
Losses on interest rate instruments and other:
 
 
 
 
Discontinuation of hedge accounting - consolidated subsidiary
 
$
4,880

 
Nonoperating Expense
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - consolidated subsidiaries
 
$
6,853

 
Interest Expense
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - UJVs
 
2,340

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
14,073

 
 


29

TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2013:
Details about AOCI Components
 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected line item in Consolidated Statement of Operations
(Gains)/losses on interest rate instruments and other:
 
 
 
 
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - consolidated subsidiaries
 
$
2,860

 
Interest Expense
Realized loss on interest rate contracts - UJVs
 
2,297

 
Equity in Income of UJVs
Realized gain on sale of securities
 
(1,323
)
 
Nonoperating Income, net
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
3,834

 
 

Note 14 - Cash Flow Disclosures and Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities

The following non-cash investing and financing activities occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013. This table excludes any non-cash adjustments of noncontrolling interests as a result of equity transactions (Note 7).
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2014
 
2013
Issuance of a note receivable in connection with the sale of peripheral land
 
 
$
7,411

Receipt of Simon Property Group Limited Partnership units in connection with the sale of Arizona Mills (Note 2)
$
77,700

 
 
Issuance of TRG partnership units in connection with the purchase of the U.S. headquarters building (Note 2)
91

 
 
Assumption of debt in connection with the purchase of the U.S. headquarters building (Note 2)
18,215

 
 
Other non-cash additions to properties
53,018

 
14,351


Other non-cash additions to properties primarily represent accrued construction and tenant allowance costs. Various assets and liabilities were also adjusted upon the disposition of interests in International Plaza and the deconsolidation of the Company's remaining interest (Note 2).

Note 15 - New Accounting Pronouncement

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". This standard provides a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and gains and losses arising from transfers of non-financial assets including sales of property, plant, and equipment, real estate, and intangible assets. ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. ASU No. 2014-09 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. ASU No. 2014-09 may be applied either retrospectively or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the application of this ASU and its effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations.

Note 16 – Subsequent Event

Sale of Centers to Starwood

In October 2014, the Company completed the sale of seven centers to Starwood. See "Note 2 - Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Developments" for further discussion of the sale.





30


Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events and performance. Actual results may differ materially from those expected because of various risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. Other risks and uncertainties are detailed from time to time in reports filed with the SEC, and in particular those set forth under "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Taubman Centers, Inc. and the notes thereto.

General Background and Performance Measurement

Taubman Centers, Inc. (TCO) is a Michigan corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (REIT). The Taubman Realty Group Limited Partnership (the Operating Partnership or TRG) is a majority-owned partnership subsidiary of TCO that owns direct or indirect interests in all of our real estate properties. In this report, the terms "we", "us", and "our" refer to TCO, the Operating Partnership, and/or the Operating Partnership's subsidiaries as the context may require. We own, manage, lease, acquire, dispose of, develop, and expand regional and super-regional shopping centers and interests therein. The Consolidated Businesses consist of shopping centers and entities that are controlled by ownership or contractual agreements, The Taubman Company LLC (Manager), and Taubman Properties Asia LLC and its subsidiaries (Taubman Asia). Shopping centers owned through joint ventures that are not controlled by us but over which we have significant influence (Unconsolidated Joint Ventures) are accounted for under the equity method.

References in this discussion to “beneficial interest” refer to our ownership or pro-rata share of the item being discussed. Also, the operations of the shopping centers are often best understood by measuring their performance as a whole, without regard to our ownership interest. Consequently, in addition to the discussion of the operations of the Consolidated Businesses, the operations of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures are presented and discussed as a whole.

The comparability of information used in measuring performance is affected by the opening of Taubman Prestige Outlets Chesterfield (Chesterfield) in August 2013 and the disposition of our interest in Arizona Mills in January 2014 (see "Results of Operations - Dispositions"). Additional "comparable center" statistics that exclude Chesterfield and Arizona Mills are provided to present the performance of comparable centers. Comparable centers are generally defined as centers that were owned and open for the entire current and preceding period. Comparable center statistics for 2013 have been restated to include comparable centers to 2014. Subsequent to the sale of a total of 49.9% of our interests in the entity that owns International Plaza, we began accounting for our remaining interest in International Plaza under the equity method of accounting. This affects the comparability of operating results for Consolidated Businesses and Unconsolidated Joint Ventures period over period.

Disposition to Starwood Capital Group

In October 2014, we disposed of a portfolio of seven centers (see "Note 2 - Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Developments - Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood" to our consolidated financial statements and "Results of Operations - Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood"). This transaction, combined with our substantial development and redevelopment pipelines, is consistent with our strategy to recycle capital for growth. The remaining post-sale portfolio is expected to be significantly more productive on a relative basis, consisting of highly productive assets with average tenant sales higher by over $100 per square foot. Net Operating Income long-term growth in the post-sale portfolio is expected to improve by about 0.50%.

As of September 30, 2014, the sale centers remain in our all center and comparable center operating statistics. However, we have also presented certain statistics excluding the sale portfolio to provide an understanding of the impact of the centers on our operating measures. Due to the closing of the Starwood sale in October 2014, tenant sales data for the sale portfolio is not available for the quarter ended September 30, 2014. Therefore, tenant sales statistics for 2014 and comparable 2013 periods will no longer include these centers.


31


Use of Non-GAAP Measures

We use Net Operating Income (NOI) as an alternative measure to evaluate the operating performance of centers, both on individual and stabilized portfolio bases. We define NOI as property-level operating revenues (includes rental income excluding straight-line adjustments of minimum rent) less maintenance, taxes, utilities, promotion, ground rent (including straight-line adjustments), and other property operating expenses. Since NOI excludes general and administrative expenses, pre-development charges, interest income and expense, depreciation and amortization, impairment charges, restructuring charges, and gains from land and property dispositions, it provides a performance measure that, when compared period over period, reflects the revenues and expenses most directly associated with owning and operating rental properties, as well as the impact on their operations from trends in tenant sales, occupancy and rental rates, and operating costs. We also use NOI excluding lease cancellation income as an alternative measure because this income may vary significantly from period to period, which can affect comparability and trend analysis. We generally provide separate projections for expected NOI growth and our lease cancellation income.

The operating results in “Results of Operations” include the supplemental earnings measures of Beneficial Interest in EBITDA and Funds from Operations (FFO). Beneficial Interest in EBITDA represents our share of the earnings before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization of our consolidated and unconsolidated businesses. We believe Beneficial Interest in EBITDA generally provides a useful indicator of operating performance, as it is customary in the real estate and shopping center business to evaluate the performance of properties on a basis unaffected by capital structure.

The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) defines FFO as net income (computed in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)), excluding gains (or losses) from extraordinary items, sales of properties, and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate, plus real estate related depreciation and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We believe that FFO is a useful supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, we and most industry investors and analysts have considered presentations of operating results that exclude historical cost depreciation to be useful in evaluating the operating performance of REITs. We primarily use FFO in measuring performance and in formulating corporate goals and compensation.

We may also present adjusted versions of NOI, Beneficial Interest in EBITDA, and FFO when used by management to evaluate our operating performance when certain significant items have impacted our results that affect comparability with prior or future periods due to the nature or amounts of these items. In addition to the reasons noted above for each measure, we believe the disclosure of the adjusted items is similarly useful to investors and others to understand management's view on comparability of such measures between periods. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2014, FFO was adjusted for expenses related to the sale of seven centers to an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group (Starwood) (see "Results of Operations - Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood"). Specifically, these measures were adjusted for charges related to the discontinuation of hedge accounting on the interest rate swap previously designated to hedge the MacArthur Center (MacArthur) note payable as well as a restructuring charge and disposition costs incurred related to the sale.

Our presentations of NOI, Beneficial Interest in EBITDA, FFO, and adjusted versions of these measures, if any, are not necessarily comparable to the similarly titled measures of other REITs due to the fact that not all REITs use the same definitions. These measures should not be considered alternatives to net income or as an indicator of our operating performance. Additionally, these measures do not represent cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities as defined by GAAP. Reconciliations of Net Income Attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. Common Shareowners to Funds from Operations, Net Income to Beneficial Interest in EBITDA, and Net Income to Net Operating Income are presented following the Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013.

New Accounting Pronouncement

Refer to "Note 15 - New Accounting Pronouncement" in the consolidated financial statements, regarding our ongoing evaluation of the recently issued Accounting Standards Update addressing revenue recognition, to be adopted in 2017.


32


Current Operating Trends

Our mall tenants reported a 0.2% increase in sales per square foot in the third quarter of 2014 from the same period in 2013. For the trailing twelve month period ended September 30, 2014, tenant sales per square foot were $807, a 1.0% decrease from $815 for the trailing twelve month period ended September 30, 2013.

Over the long term, the level of mall tenant sales is the single most important determinant of revenues of the shopping centers because mall tenants provide approximately 90% of these revenues and mall tenant sales determine the amount of rent, percentage rent, and recoverable expenses, excluding utilities (together, total occupancy costs), that mall tenants can afford to pay. However, levels of mall tenant sales can be considerably more volatile in the short run than total occupancy costs, and may be impacted significantly, either positively or negatively, by the success or lack of success of a small number of tenants or even a single tenant.

We believe that the ability of tenants to pay occupancy costs and earn profits over long periods of time increases as tenant sales per square foot increase, whether through inflation or real growth in customer spending. Because most mall tenants have certain fixed expenses, the occupancy costs that they can afford to pay and still be profitable are a higher percentage of tenant sales at higher sales per square foot.

Tenant sales directly impact the amount of percentage rents certain tenants and anchors pay. The effects of increases or declines in tenant sales on our operations are moderated by the relatively minor share of total rents that percentage rents represent.

In negotiating lease renewals, we generally intend to maximize the minimum rentals we achieve. As a result, a tenant will generally pay a higher amount of minimum rent and an initially lower amount of percentage rent upon renewal.

While tenant sales are critical over the long term, the high quality regional mall business has been a very stable business model with its diversity of income from thousands of tenants, its staggered lease maturities, and high proportion of fixed rent. However, a sustained trend in sales does impact, either negatively or positively, our ability to lease vacancies and negotiate rents at advantageous rates.

Occupancy statistics as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 are shown below:
 
2014
2013
Ending occupancy - comparable centers
89.6
%
91.0
%
Ending occupancy - comparable centers excluding sale portfolio
91.4
%
92.9
%
Ending occupancy - all centers
89.0
%
90.9
%
Ending occupancy with temporary tenants - comparable centers excluding sale portfolio
94.1
%
95.6
%
Ending occupancy with temporary tenants - all centers
93.0
%
94.5
%

We expect ending occupancy with temporary tenants for comparable centers to be down just under 1.0% from 2013 as a result of unexpected closings, including bankruptcies. Temporary tenants, defined as those with lease terms less than or equal to a year, are not included in occupancy or leased space statistics, except as otherwise noted. See “Seasonality” for occupancy and leased space statistics.

Leased space was 91.2% at September 30, 2014 compared to 92.6% at September 30, 2013 for all centers. For our comparable centers, leased space was 91.6% at September 30, 2014 and 92.8% at September 30, 2013. The difference between leased space and occupancy is that leased space includes spaces where leases have been signed but the tenants are not yet open. The occupancy statistic represents those spaces upon which we are currently collecting rent from permanent tenants. The spread between leased space and occupied space, at 2.2% this quarter, is consistent with our history of 1% to 3% in the third quarter.

33


As leases have expired in the centers, we have generally been able to rent the available space, either to the existing tenant or a new tenant, at rental rates that are higher than those of the expired leases. Generally, center revenues have increased as older leases rolled over or were terminated early and replaced with new leases negotiated at current rental rates that were usually higher than the average rates for existing leases. Average rent per square foot statistics reflect the contractual rental terms of the lease currently in effect and include the impact of rental concessions. In periods of increasing sales, rents on new leases will generally tend to rise. In periods of slower growth or declining sales, rents on new leases will grow more slowly or will decline for the opposite reason, as tenants' expectations of future growth become less optimistic.

Rent per square foot statistics are computed using contractual rentals per the tenant lease agreements, which reflect any lease modifications, including those for rental concessions. Rent per square foot information for our comparable centers in our Consolidated Businesses and Unconsolidated Joint Ventures follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30 (1)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30 (1)
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Average rent per square foot:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
$
48.58

 
$
48.13

 
$
48.11

 
$
48.04

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
58.20

 
52.79

 
58.02

 
52.19

Combined
51.54

 
49.31

 
51.07

 
49.09

Average rent per square foot, excluding sale portfolio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
$
63.34

 
$
60.08

 
$
62.06

 
$
59.85

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
58.20

 
52.79

 
58.02

 
52.19

Combined
61.12

 
57.50

 
60.37

 
57.15


(1)
Statistics exclude non-comparable centers.

34




 
Trailing 12 Months Ended September 30 (1) (2)
 
Trailing 12 Months Ended September 30, excluding sale portfolio (1) (2)
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013 (3)
Opening base rent per square foot:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
$
47.66

 
$
49.64

 
$
68.28

 
$
64.44

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
63.95

 
59.57

 
63.95

 
59.57

Combined
51.82

 
52.56

 
66.55

 
62.38

Square feet of GLA opened:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
819,178

 
900,108

 
424,401

 
507,790

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
281,005

 
374,083

 
281,005

 
374,083

Combined
1,100,183

 
1,274,191

 
705,406

 
881,873

Closing base rent per square foot:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
$
41.16

 
$
43.64

 
$
55.20

 
$
55.71

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
45.71

 
50.57

 
45.71

 
50.57

Combined
42.37

 
45.60

 
51.23

 
53.55

Square feet of GLA closed:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
929,360

 
885,196

 
469,328

 
479,455

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
337,836

 
347,632

 
337,836

 
347,632

Combined
1,267,196

 
1,232,828

 
807,164

 
827,087

Releasing spread per square foot:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
$
6.50

 
$
6.00

 
$
13.08

 
$
8.73

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
18.24

 
9.00

 
18.24

 
9.00

Combined
9.45

 
6.96

 
15.32

 
8.83

Releasing spread per square foot growth:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
15.8
%
 
13.7
%
 
23.7
%
 
15.7
%
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
39.9
%
 
17.8
%
 
39.9
%
 
17.8
%
Combined
22.3
%
 
15.3
%
 
29.9
%
 
16.5
%

(1)
Statistics exclude non-comparable centers.
(2)
Opening and closing statistics exclude spaces greater than or equal to 10,000 square feet.

The spread between opening and closing rents may not be indicative of future periods, as this statistic is not computed on comparable tenant spaces, and can vary significantly from period to period depending on the total amount, location, and average size of tenant space opening and closing in the period. Average rent per square foot across our portfolio, including comparable centers for both consolidated and unconsolidated properties, was up 4.5% for this quarter and 4.0% for the nine month period. For comparable centers excluding the sale portfolio, average rent per square foot was up 6.3% for this quarter and up 5.6% for the nine month period. Excluding the sale portfolio, we expect average rent per square foot growth of 5% to 6% over 2013.

35


Seasonality

The regional shopping center industry is seasonal in nature, with mall tenant sales highest in the fourth quarter due to the Christmas season, and with lesser, though still significant, sales fluctuations associated with the Easter holiday and back-to-school period. While minimum rents and recoveries are generally not subject to seasonal factors, most leases are scheduled to expire in the first quarter, and the majority of new stores open in the second half of the year in anticipation of the Christmas selling season. Additionally, most percentage rents are recorded in the fourth quarter. Accordingly, revenues and occupancy levels are generally highest in the fourth quarter. Gains on sales of peripheral land and lease cancellation income may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
 
2014
 
2013
 
3rd Quarter
 
2nd Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
Total
 
4th Quarter
 
3rd Quarter
 
2nd Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
(in thousands, except occupancy and leased space data)
Mall tenant sales (1)
$1,121,619
 
$1,129,184
 
$1,117,497
 
$5,181,878
 
$1,603,176
 
$1,177,657
 
$1,180,398
 
$1,220,647
Revenues and other nonoperating income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Businesses
176,935

 
164,664

 
175,881

 
768,502

 
211,289

 
193,482

 
178,237

 
185,494

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
80,649

 
80,289

 
77,227

 
294,714

 
85,531

 
71,858

 
69,766

 
67,559

Occupancy: (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending - comparable
89.6
%
 
90.1
%
 
90.3
%
 
91.8
%
 
91.8
%
 
91.0
%
 
90.6
%
 
90.3
%
Average - comparable
89.7

 
90.2

 
90.8

 
90.9

 
91.7

 
90.8

 
90.5

 
90.5

Ending - all centers
89.0

 
89.4

 
89.6

 
91.7

 
91.7

 
90.9

 
90.7

 
90.3

Average - all centers
89.2

 
89.6

 
90.2

 
90.9

 
91.6

 
90.8

 
90.7

 
90.4

Leased space:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comparable
91.6
%
 
92.3
%
 
92.6
%
 
93.3
%
 
93.3
%
 
92.8
%
 
92.3
%
 
92.2
%
All centers
91.2

 
91.9

 
92.1

 
93.1

 
93.1

 
92.6

 
92.6

 
92.4


(1)
Based on reports of sales furnished by mall tenants. Due to the closing of the Starwood sale in October 2014, tenant sales data for the sale portfolio is not available for the quarter ended September 30, 2014. Therefore, tenant sales statistics for 2014 and 2013 periods no longer include these centers.
(2)
Arizona Mills is included in "all centers" occupancy and leased space statistics prior to March 31, 2014 and Taubman Prestige Outlets Chesterfield is included in "all centers" occupancy and leased space statistics for periods ending on or after September 30, 2013.


36


Because the seasonality of sales contrasts with the generally fixed nature of minimum rents and recoveries, mall tenant occupancy costs (the sum of minimum rents, percentage rents, and expense recoveries, excluding utilities) as a percentage of sales are considerably higher in the first three quarters than they are in the fourth quarter.
 
2014
 
2013
 
3rd Quarter
 
2nd Quarter
 
1st Quarter
 
Total
 
4th Quarter
 
3rd Quarter
 
2nd Quarter
 
1st Quarter
Consolidated Businesses: (1) (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum rents
9.6
%
 
9.5
%
 
9.7
%
 
8.3
%
 
6.9
%
 
9.0
%
 
9.0
%
 
8.9
%
Percentage rents
0.5

 
0.1

 
0.5

 
0.6

 
1.1

 
0.6

 
0.1

 
0.6

Expense recoveries
4.8

 
4.6

 
4.7

 
4.3

 
3.6

 
4.7

 
4.5

 
4.4

Mall tenant occupancy costs
15.0
%
 
14.3
%

15.0
%
 
13.2
%
 
11.7
%
 
14.4
%
 
13.6
%
 
13.8
%
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum rents
9.6
%
 
9.6
%
 
9.0
%
 
8.1
%
 
6.9
%
 
9.1
%
 
9.0
%
 
7.7
%
Percentage rents
0.4

 
0.2

 
0.4

 
0.5

 
0.7

 
0.5

 
0.3

 
0.5

Expense recoveries
4.5

 
4.4

 
4.2

 
4.0

 
3.8

 
4.5

 
4.3

 
3.8

Mall tenant occupancy costs
14.5
%
 
14.2
%
 
13.6
%
 
12.6
%
 
11.4
%
 
14.1
%
 
13.6
%
 
12.0
%
Combined: (1) (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

Minimum rents
9.6
%
 
9.6
%
 
9.4
%
 
8.2
%
 
6.9
%
 
9.0
%
 
9.0
%
 
8.4
%
Percentage rents
0.5

 
0.2

 
0.5

 
0.6

 
0.9

 
0.6

 
0.2

 
0.5

Expense recoveries
4.7

 
4.5

 
4.5

 
4.2

 
3.8

 
4.7

 
4.3

 
4.1

Mall tenant occupancy costs
14.8
%
 
14.2
%
 
14.5
%
 
13.0
%
 
11.6
%
 
14.3
%
 
13.6
%
 
13.2
%

(1)
Arizona Mills is included in mall tenant occupancy costs as a percentage of sales prior to March 31, 2014 and Taubman Prestige Outlets Chesterfield is included in mall tenant occupancy costs as a percentage of sales for the quarters ending on or after September 30, 2013.
(2)
Due to the closing of the Starwood sale in October 2014, tenant sales data for the sale portfolio is not available for the quarter ended September 30, 2014. Therefore, mall tenant occupancy costs as a percentage of sales for 2014 and 2013 periods no longer include these centers.
(3)
Amounts in this table may not add due to rounding.



37


Results of Operations

In addition to the results and trends in our operations discussed in the preceding sections, the following sections discuss certain transactions that affected operations in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, or are expected to affect operations in the future.

Dispositions

Sale of Centers to Starwood

In June 2014, we entered into Purchase and Sale Agreements with Starwood to dispose of a portfolio of seven centers (Sale Centers). In October 2014, we completed the disposition of the Sale Centers for consideration of $1.403 billion. As part of the sale, we defeased or prepaid loans including accrued interest totaling $623 million secured by Northlake Mall, The Mall at Wellington Green, MacArthur Center, and The Mall at Partridge Creek. See "Note 2 - Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Developments - Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood" to our consolidated financial statements for further information on the sale.

During 2014, in connection with the sale, we incurred $5.5 million of expenses ($5.2 million at our beneficial share) related to the discontinuation of hedge accounting on the interest rate swap previously designated to hedge the MacArthur note payable. In addition, we incurred $1.0 million of disposition costs related to the Sale Centers September 30, 2014. We recorded these costs as a component of Nonoperating Expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. We also incurred a restructuring charge of $3.0 million related to a reduction in our workforce as a result of the sale, separately classified as a Restructuring Charge on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive income.

While specific uses of the net proceeds have not yet been determined, Qualified Intermediaries (QIs) were engaged at closing to take receipt of approximately $407 million of net proceeds with the intention that the funds be used in tax-deferred exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. We intend to initially use the remaining net proceeds to reduce outstanding borrowings under our revolving lines of credit and for general corporate purposes, to the extent the proceeds are not used to pay a special dividend (See "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Dividends").

Because the reduction in net operating income and related interest expense of the properties sold will be greater than the reduced interest expense on the revolving lines of credit, these transactions are expected to have an initial negative impact on our Funds from Operations per common share. As a result of the loss of the operations of the disposed centers, Funds from Operations (FFO) for 2014 will be unfavorably impacted by approximately $13 million ($0.14 per diluted common share). Debt extinguishment charges of approximately $35 million ($0.39 per diluted common share) will also be recognized. In addition to the impact of the loss of the operations of the disposed centers and the debt extinguishment charges, net income allocable to common shareholders (EPS) will include gains on the dispositions of approximately $600 million ($6.65 per diluted common share). This represents an approximation of our share of the gain that will be recorded on the sale of the centers. The actual gain recorded on the sale of centers to Starwood will be based on the balance sheets of the disposed centers at closing and be subject to final prorations and adjustments. See "General Background and Performance Measurement - Use of Non-GAAP Measures" for the definition of FFO.

International Plaza

In January 2014, we sold a total of 49.9% of our interests in the entity that owns International Plaza, including certain governance rights, for $499 million (excluding transaction costs), which consisted of $337 million of cash and approximately $162 million of beneficial interest in debt. A gain of $368 million (net of tax of $9.7 million) was recognized on the transaction, which represented the excess of the sales price over our book basis in the interests sold. Our book basis in the interests was not impacted by the December 2012 acquisition of an additional interest in the center, which was accounted for as an equity transaction. The disposition decreased our ownership in the center to a noncontrolling 50.1% interest. We now account for our remaining interest in International Plaza under the equity method of accounting.


38


Arizona Mills/Oyster Bay

Also in January 2014, we completed the sale of our 50% interest in Arizona Mills, an Unconsolidated Joint Venture, and land in Syosset, New York related to the former Oyster Bay project, to Simon Property Group (SPG). The consideration, excluding transaction costs, consisted of $60 million of cash and 555,150 partnership units in Simon Property Group Limited Partnership. The number of partnership units received was determined based on a value of $154.91 per unit. The number of partnership units subsequently increased to 590,124, in lieu of our participation in a distribution of certain partnership units of another entity by SPG and Simon Property Group Limited Partnership. The increase in the number of partnership units was neutral to the market value of our holdings as of the transaction date. As a result of the sale, we were relieved of our $84 million share of the $167 million mortgage loan outstanding on Arizona Mills at the time of the sale. A gain of $109 million was recognized as a result of the transaction.

The gains on the dispositions described above are excluded from FFO. See "General Background and Performance Measurement - Use of Non-GAAP Measures" for the definition of FFO.

U.S. Development

In October 2014, The Mall at University Town Center opened in Sarasota, Florida (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Spending - New Developments").

In August 2013, a new outlet center, Taubman Prestige Outlets Chesterfield, opened in the western St. Louis suburb of Chesterfield, Missouri. In September 2013, we redeemed our outlet joint venture partner's 10% interest in this business, increasing our ownership to 100%.

Our United States development currently includes two projects that are under construction: The Mall of San Juan and International Market Place (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Spending - New Developments"). In addition, we are progressing on our project in Miami, Florida (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Spending - New Developments").

Taubman Asia

We have formed a joint venture with Beijing Wangfujing Department Store (Group) Co., Ltd (Wangfujing), one of China's largest department store chains, to build a shopping mall, CityOn.Zhengzhou, in Zhengzhou, China. We have also formed a joint venture with Wangfujing to own an interest in a shopping center, CityOn.Xi'an, to be located at Xi'an Saigao City Plaza in Xi'an, China. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Spending - New Developments" for more information on these developments.

Also, we have invested in a shopping mall project in Hanam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea (Hanam Union Square) in which we have formed a joint venture with Shinsegae Group (Shinsegae), South Korea's largest retailer. In August 2014, we increased our ownership interest and also partnered with a new institutional partner, bringing our effective ownership to 34.3% (See "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Spending - New Developments").

Debt and Equity Transactions

In October 2014, upon closing of the sale of centers to Starwood, we prepaid or defeased our then outstanding loans on Northlake Mall, The Mall at Wellington Green, MacArthur, and The Mall at Partridge Creek. See "Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood" above for further details.

In April 2014, a $320 million construction facility was completed for The Mall of San Juan (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Construction Financing").

In March 2014, the maturity date on our $65 million secondary revolving line of credit was extended through April 2016 (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources").


39


In January 2014, we used funds from the sale of a total of 49.9% of our interests in the entity that owns International Plaza to pay off the $99.5 million loan on Stony Point Fashion Park (Stony Point) that was scheduled to mature in June 2014 (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources"). As a result of the sale of 49.9% of our interests in the entity that owns International Plaza in January 2014, we were relieved of $162 million of our beneficial interest in debt (see "Dispositions - International Plaza" above).

In January 2014, we were relieved of our $84 million share of the $167 million mortgage loan outstanding on Arizona Mills at the time of the sale (see "Dispositions - Arizona Mills/Oyster Bay" above).

In October 2013, a $225 million construction financing was completed for The Mall at University Town Center (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources").

In August 2013, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $200 million of our outstanding common stock. We plan to repurchase shares from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market prices and other conditions. Purchases of common stock are financed with general corporate funds, and, depending on the amount of purchases and other factors, our revolving lines of credit. As of September 30, 2014, we repurchased 787,071 shares of our common stock at an average price of $66.45 per share, for a total of $52.3 million under the authorization. All shares repurchased have been cancelled. For each share of our stock repurchased, an equal number of our Operating Partnership units are redeemed. As of September 30, 2014, $147.7 million remained of the August 2013 authorization.

Center Operations

The NOI growth of our comparable centers excluding lease cancellation income is as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
NOI growth - including sale portfolio
2.5
%
 
3.0
%
NOI growth - excluding sale portfolio
2.8
%
 
3.1
%

Given year to date tenant sales performance and the resulting negative impact on percentage rent, we are expecting NOI growth, excluding lease cancellation income, for our comparable centers excluding the sale portfolio to be 2.5% to 3.0% for the year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we recognized our $5.7 million share of lease cancellation income. We now expect our share of lease cancellation income to be about $6 million for 2014. See “General Background and Performance Measurement – Use of Non-GAAP Measures” for the definition and discussion of NOI and see “Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income.”

Interest Expense

Interest expense is impacted by the capitalization of interest on the costs of our U.S. and Asia development projects. We capitalize interest on our consolidated project costs and our equity contributions to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures under development using our average consolidated borrowing rate, which does not reflect the specific source of funds for the costs and is generally greater than our incremental borrowing rate.

40


Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2013

The following table sets forth operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, showing the results of the Consolidated Businesses and Unconsolidated Joint Ventures:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30, 2014
 
September 30, 2013
 
CONSOLIDATED BUSINESSES
 
UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES AT 100%(1)
 
CONSOLIDATED BUSINESSES
 
UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES AT 100%(1)
 
(in millions)
REVENUES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum rents
$
96.7

 
$
48.2

 
$
103.5

 
$
42.5

Percentage rents
5.3

 
2.3

 
7.0

 
2.1

Expense recoveries
63.5

 
28.5

 
67.9

 
25.7

Management, leasing, and development services
3.1

 
 
 
8.8

 
 
Other
7.4

 
1.7

 
6.7

 
1.5

Total revenues
$
176.0

 
$
80.7

 
$
193.9

 
$
71.9

EXPENSES:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion
$
52.2

 
$
20.5

 
$
55.4

 
$
18.8

Other operating
18.0

 
3.6

 
19.3

 
3.4

Management, leasing, and development services
1.5

 
 
 
1.0

 
 
General and administrative
11.4

 
 
 
11.8

 
 
Restructuring charge
3.0

 
 
 


 
 
Interest expense
23.4

 
18.3

 
32.5

 
17.0

Depreciation and amortization (2)
24.6

 
11.9

 
41.0

 
10.1

Total expenses
$
134.1

 
$
54.3

 
$
161.0

 
$
49.3

Nonoperating income (expense)
0.9

 

 
(0.5
)
 

Income before income tax expense and equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
$
42.8

 
$
26.4

 
$
32.5

 
$
22.6

Income tax expense
(0.7
)
 
 
 
(1.5
)
 
 
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (2)
14.5

 
 
 
12.2

 
 
Net income
$
56.6

 
 
 
$
43.2

 
 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
(2.6
)
 
 
 
(2.2
)
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
(14.1
)
 
 
 
(10.3
)
 
 
Distributions to participating securities of TRG
(0.5
)
 
 
 
(0.4
)
 
 
Preferred stock dividends
(5.8
)
 
 
 
(5.8
)
 
 
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
$
33.7

 
 
 
$
24.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA – 100%
$
90.8

 
$
56.6

 
$
106.0

 
$
49.7

EBITDA – outside partners' share
(5.6
)
 
(24.8
)
 
(5.7
)
 
(21.7
)
Beneficial interest in EBITDA
$
85.2

 
$
31.8

 
$
100.3

 
$
28.0

Beneficial interest expense
(21.3
)
 
(10.0
)
 
(30.4
)
 
(9.4
)
Beneficial income tax expense - TRG and TCO
(0.7
)
 
 
 
(1.5
)
 
 
Beneficial income tax expense (benefit) - TCO
0.1

 
 
 

 
 
Non-real estate depreciation
(0.9
)
 
 
 
(0.8
)
 
 
Preferred dividends and distributions
(5.8
)
 
 
 
(5.8
)
 
 
Funds from Operations contribution
$
56.7

 
$
21.8

 
$
61.9

 
$
18.6


(1)
With the exception of the Supplemental Information, amounts include 100% of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Amounts are net of intercompany transactions. The Unconsolidated Joint Ventures are presented at 100% in order to allow for measurement of their performance as a whole, without regard to our ownership interest. In our consolidated financial statements, we account for investments in the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures under the equity method. International Plaza's operations were consolidated through the disposition date. Subsequent to the disposition, the Company's remaining 50.1% interest is accounted for under the equity method of accounting within Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. In addition, Arizona Mills' operations were accounted for under equity method accounting through the disposition in January 2014.
(2)
Amortization of our additional basis in the Operating Partnership included in depreciation and amortization was $1.1 million in 2014 and $1.2 million in 2013. Also, amortization of our additional basis included in equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures was $0.5 million in both 2014 and 2013.
(3)
See “General Background and Performance Measurement – Use of Non-GAAP Measures” for the definition and discussion of EBITDA and FFO.
(4)
Amounts in this table may not add due to rounding.

41


Consolidated Businesses

Total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2014 were $176.0 million, a $17.9 million or 9.2% decrease from the comparable period in 2013. Minimum rents decreased due to the reclassification of International Plaza into Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and a decrease in occupancy, partially offset by an increase in average rent per square foot, as well as Chesterfield. Percentage rents decreased due to decreases in tenant sales at various centers and the reclassification of International Plaza. Expense recoveries decreased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza. Management, leasing, and development income decreased primarily due to an incentive fee in 2013 for our leasing of IFC Mall in Seoul, South Korea, which were nonrecurring.

Total expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2014 were $134.1 million, a $26.9 million or 16.7% decrease from the comparable period in 2013. Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion expense decreased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza. Other operating expense decreased due to a reduction in U.S. pre-development expenses and the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by an increase in professional fees. In 2014, we incurred a restructuring charge related to a reduction in our workforce as a result of the sale of centers to Starwood. Interest expense decreased as a result of International Plaza, payoffs of our loans on Beverly Center and Stony Point with lower cost debt, and interest capitalization on U.S. and Asia development projects. These decreases were partially offset by increased interest upon the opening of Chesterfield. Depreciation expense decreased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza as well as the discontinuation of depreciation at the centers held-for-sale, partially offset by Chesterfield.

Nonoperating income (expense) increased primarily due to distributions received on the SPG partnership units received as a result of the Arizona Mills/Oyster Bay sale, partially offset by expenses related to the sale of centers to Starwood.

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2014 were $80.7 million, up $8.8 million or 12.2% over the comparable period in 2013. Minimum rents increased primarily due to reclassification of International Plaza into Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, as well as an increase in average rent per square foot, partially offset by the sale of Arizona Mills and a decrease in occupancy. Expense recoveries increased due to the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by Arizona Mills.

Total expenses increased by $5.0 million or 10.1%, to $54.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion expense, interest expense, and depreciation expense all increased due to the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by Arizona Mills.

As a result of the foregoing, income of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures increased by $3.8 million to $26.4 million. Our equity in income of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures was $14.5 million, a $2.3 million or 18.9% increase from the comparable period in 2013.

Non-comparable centers

For the three months ended September 30, 2014, non-comparable centers contributed total operating revenues of $1.0 million, and incurred operating expenses, excluding interest, depreciation, and amortization, of $1.7 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2013, non-comparable centers contributed total operating revenues of $10.9 million, and incurred operating expenses of $4.5 million.

Net Income

Net income was $56.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $43.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. After allocation of income to noncontrolling, preferred, and participating interests, the net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was $33.7 million compared to $24.5 million in the comparable period in 2013.


42


FFO and FFO per Share

Our FFO was $78.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $80.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. FFO per diluted share was $0.87 for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $0.89 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2013. Adjusted FFO in 2014, which excludes adjustments related to the discontinuation of hedge accounting on the interest rate swap previously designated to hedge the MacArthur note payable, as well as a restructuring charge and disposition costs incurred as a result of the sale of centers, was $81.8 million in 2014 compared to $80.5 million in 2013. See “General Background and Performance Measurement – Use of Non-GAAP Measures” for the definition of FFO and “Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. Common Shareowners to Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations.”


43


Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

The following table sets forth operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, showing the results of the Consolidated Businesses and Unconsolidated Joint Ventures:
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2014
 
September 30, 2013
 
CONSOLIDATED BUSINESSES
 
UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES AT 100%(1)
 
CONSOLIDATED BUSINESSES
 
UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES AT 100%(1)
 
(in millions)
REVENUES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum rents
$
291.1

 
$
143.1

 
$
309.0

 
$
124.7

Percentage rents
11.0

 
5.4

 
13.7

 
5.8

Expense recoveries
187.4

 
83.1

 
197.5

 
73.9

Management, leasing, and development services
8.6

 
 
 
14.0

 
 
Other
22.6

 
6.5

 
21.1

 
4.8

Total revenues
$
520.8


$
238.2


$
555.4


$
209.2

EXPENSES:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion
$
149.0

 
$
60.4

 
$
154.7

 
$
54.0

Other operating
49.6

 
13.0

 
54.0

 
11.6

Management, leasing, and development services
4.5

 
 
 
4.2

 
 
General and administrative
34.5

 
 
 
36.7

 
 
Restructuring charge
3.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
74.9

 
54.3

 
99.6

 
51.0

Depreciation and amortization (2)
96.5

 
34.7

 
116.3

 
29.3

Total expenses
$
412.0


$
162.5


$
465.3


$
145.9

Nonoperating income (expense) (3)
(3.3
)
 

 
1.8

 

Income before income tax expense, equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, and gain on dispositions, net of tax
$
105.4


$
75.7


$
91.9


$
63.2

Income tax expense
(1.7
)
 
 
 
(2.7
)
 
 
Equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (2)
41.2

 
 
 
34.0

 
 
Income before gain on dispositions, net of tax
145.0

 
 
 
123.2

 
 
Gain on dispositions, net of tax (4)
476.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
621.8


 
 
$
123.2


 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
(8.0
)
 
 
 
(6.8
)
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
(170.9
)
 
 
 
(29.9
)
 
 
Distributions to participating securities of TRG
(1.4
)
 
 
 
(1.3
)
 
 
Preferred stock dividends
(17.4
)
 
 
 
(15.1
)
 
 
Net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners
$
424.2


 
 
$
70.1


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION (5):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA – 100% (6)
$
763.5

 
$
164.7

 
$
307.7

 
$
143.5

EBITDA – outside partners' share
(17.8
)
 
(72.3
)
 
(17.1
)
 
(62.8
)
Beneficial interest in EBITDA
$
745.7


$
92.3


$
290.7


$
80.8

Gain on dispositions
(486.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beneficial interest expense
(68.7
)
 
(29.8
)
 
(93.0
)
 
(28.2
)
Beneficial income tax expense - TRG and TCO
(1.7
)
 
 
 
(2.7
)
 
 
Beneficial income tax expense - TCO
0.3

 
 
 
0.1

 
 
Non-real estate depreciation
(2.6
)
 
 
 
(2.2
)
 
 
Preferred dividends and distributions
(17.4
)
 
 
 
(15.1
)
 
 
Funds from Operations contribution
$
169.0


$
62.5


$
177.6


$
52.6


(1)
With the exception of the Supplemental Information, amounts include 100% of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. Amounts are net of intercompany transactions. The Unconsolidated Joint Ventures are presented at 100% in order to allow for measurement of their performance as a whole, without regard to our ownership interest. In our consolidated financial statements, we account for investments in the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures under the equity method. International Plaza's operations were consolidated through the disposition date. Subsequent to the disposition, the Company's remaining 50.1% interest is accounted for under the equity method of accounting within Unconsolidated Joint Ventures. In addition, Arizona Mills' operations were accounted for under equity method accounting through the disposition in January 2014.
(2)
Amortization of our additional basis in the Operating Partnership included in depreciation and amortization was $3.6 million in 2014 and $3.7 million in 2013. Also, amortization of our additional basis included in equity in income of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures was $1.5 million in both 2014 and 2013.
(3)
Nonoperating expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 includes $5.5 million in connection with the discontinuation of hedge accounting related to the MacArthur interest rate swap in connection with the Starwood sale and $1.0 million of disposition costs related to this transaction.
(4)
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the gain on dispositions of interest in International Plaza, Arizona Mills, and land in Syosset, New York related to the former Oyster Bay project is net of income tax expense of $9.7 million.
(5)
See “General Background and Performance Measurement – Use of Non-GAAP Measures” for the definition and discussion of EBITDA and FFO.
(6)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, EBITDA includes the Company's $486.6 million (before tax) gain from the dispositions of interests in International Plaza, Arizona Mills, and land in Syosset, New York related to the former Oyster Bay project.
(7)
Amounts in this table may not add due to rounding.

44


Consolidated Businesses

Total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were $520.8 million, a $34.6 million or 6.2% decrease from the comparable period in 2013. Minimum rents decreased due to the reclassification of International Plaza into Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and a decrease in occupancy, partially offset by an increase in average rent per square foot, as well as Chesterfield. Percentage rents decreased due to the reclassification of International Plaza and decreases in tenant sales at various centers. Expense recoveries decreased due to the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by an increase in recoveries for promotion expenses, property taxes, and other recoverable expenses, as well as Chesterfield. Management, leasing, and development income decreased primarily due to an incentive fee in 2013 for our leasing of IFC Mall in Seoul, South Korea, as well as decreases in reimbursable costs and the loss of the Woodfield Mall contract. Other income increased as a result of increased lease cancellation revenue, partially offset by the reclassification of International Plaza.

Total expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were $412.0 million, a $53.3 million or 11.5% decrease from the comparable period in 2013. Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion expense decreased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by Chesterfield and increased snow removal, utilities, and other maintenance costs at certain centers. Other operating expense decreased due to a reduction in pre-development expenses and the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by increased professional fees and Chesterfield. General and administrative expense decreased primarily due to reduced rental expense as a result of the acquisition of our U.S. headquarters building, as well as certain reductions of Asia administrative expenses. In 2014, we incurred a restructuring charge related to a reduction in our workforce as a result of the Starwood sale. Interest expense decreased primarily as a result of International Plaza, payoffs of our loans on Beverly Center and Stony Point with lower cost debt, interest capitalization on U.S. and Asia development projects, and the refinancing of the loan at The Mall at Green Hills. These decreases were partially offset by increased interest upon the opening of Chesterfield. Depreciation expense decreased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza, as well as the discontinuation of depreciation at the centers held-for-sale, partially offset by Chesterfield.

We now expect our share of pre-development expenses, including both U.S. and Asia, to be between $4 million to $5 million in 2014. Also, we continue to expect net management, leasing, and development income to be between $5 million to $6 million in 2014 and expect that our fourth quarter general and administrative expense will be between $12 million and $13 million.

Net nonoperating income (expense) in 2014 included expenses related to the discontinuation of hedge accounting on the interest rate swap previously designated to hedge the MacArthur note payable and disposition costs related to the Starwood sale (see "Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood"), offset by distributions on the SPG partnership units received as a result of the Arizona Mills/Oyster Bay sale. In 2013, nonoperating income included a gain on sale of marketable securities and the gain on sale of peripheral land. We are not expecting any significant peripheral land sale gains in 2014.

In 2014, we recognized a $476.9 million gain on the dispositions of a total of 49.9% of our interest in the entity that owns International Plaza as well as our investments in Arizona Mills and the Oyster Bay land. We expect to recognize a gain of approximately $600 million in connection with the Starwood sale during the fourth quarter of 2014.

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were $238.2 million, up $29.0 million or 13.9% over the comparable period in 2013. Minimum rents increased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza into Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, as well as an increase in average rent per square foot, partially offset by the sale of Arizona Mills. Expense recoveries increased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza as well as increases in recoverable expenses and property taxes at certain centers, partially offset by Arizona Mills. Other revenue increased due to the reclassification of International Plaza as well as increased lease cancellation revenue, partially offset by Arizona Mills.


45


Total expenses increased by $16.6 million or 11.4%, to $162.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Maintenance, taxes, utilities, and promotion expense increased due to the reclassification of International Plaza, as well as increased snow removal, utilities, property taxes, and other maintenance costs at certain centers, partially offset by Arizona Mills. Other operating expense and interest expense both increased primarily due to the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by Arizona Mills. Depreciation expense increased due to the reclassification of International Plaza, partially offset by Arizona Mills and, in 2013, the depreciation of abandoned fixed assets at certain centers.

As a result of the foregoing, income of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures increased by $12.5 million to $75.7 million. Our equity in income of the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures was $41.2 million, a $7.2 million or 21.2% increase from the comparable period in 2013.

Non-comparable centers

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, non-comparable centers contributed total operating revenues of $6.4 million, and incurred operating expenses, excluding interest, depreciation, and amortization, of $6.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, non-comparable centers contributed total operating revenues of $30.4 million, and incurred operating expenses of $10.9 million.

Net Income

Net income was $621.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $123.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. After allocation of income to noncontrolling, preferred, and participating interests, the net income attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. common shareowners for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $424.2 million compared to $70.1 million in the comparable period in 2013.

FFO and FFO per Share

Our FFO was $231.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $230.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. FFO per diluted share was $2.57 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and $2.53 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Adjusted FFO in 2014, which excludes charges related to the discontinuation of hedge accounting on the interest rate swap previously designated to hedge the MacArthur note payable, as well as a restructuring charge and disposition costs incurred as a result of the sale of centers, was $240.8 million in 2014 compared to $230.2 million in 2013. See “General Background and Performance Measurement – Use of Non-GAAP Measures” for the definition of FFO and “Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. Common Shareowners to Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations.”

46


Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. Common Shareowners to Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
2014
 
2013
 
Dollars in millions
 
Diluted Shares/ Units
 
Per Share/ Unit
 
Dollars in millions
 
Diluted Shares/ Units
 
Per Share/ Unit
Net income attributable to TCO common shareowners – Basic
$
33.7

 
63,317,680

 
$
0.53

 
$
24.5

 
63,753,748

 
$
0.38

Add impact of share-based compensation
0.1

 
770,062

 
 
 
0.1

 
937,161

 
 
Net income attributable to TCO common shareowners – Diluted
$
33.8

 
64,087,742

 
$
0.53

 
$
24.6

 
64,690,909

 
$
0.38

Add depreciation of TCO’s additional basis
1.6

 
 
 
0.03

 
1.7

 
 
 
0.03

Add (less) TCO's additional income tax expense (benefit)
0.1

 
 
 

 

 
 
 

Net income attributable to TCO common shareowners, excluding step-up depreciation and additional income tax expense (benefit)
$
35.5

 
64,087,742

 
$
0.55

 
$
26.3

 
64,690,909

 
$
0.41

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
14.1

 
25,136,102

 

 
10.3

 
25,179,478

 
 
Distributions to participating securities of TRG
0.5

 
871,262

 
 
 
0.4

 
871,262

 
 
Net income attributable to partnership unitholders and participating securities
$
50.1

 
90,095,106

 
$
0.56

 
$
37.1

 
90,741,649

 
$
0.41

Add (less) depreciation and amortization (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated businesses at 100%
24.6

 
 
 
0.27

 
41.0

 
 
 
0.45

Depreciation of TCO’s additional basis
(1.6
)
 
 
 
(0.02
)
 
(1.7
)
 
 
 
(0.02
)
Noncontrolling partners in consolidated joint ventures
(0.8
)
 
 
 
(0.01
)
 
(1.3
)
 
 
 
(0.01
)
Share of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
7.3

 
 
 
0.08

 
6.4

 
 
 
0.07

Non-real estate depreciation
(0.9
)
 
 
 
(0.01
)
 
(0.8
)
 
 
 
(0.01
)
Less impact of share-based compensation
(0.1
)
 
 
 

 
(0.1
)
 
 
 

Funds from Operations
$
78.5

 
90,095,106

 
$
0.87

 
$
80.5

 
90,741,649

 
$
0.89

TCO's average ownership percentage of TRG
71.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
71.7
%
 
 
 
 
Funds from Operations attributable to TCO, excluding additional income tax benefit (expense)
$
56.2

 
 
 
$
0.87

 
$
57.7

 
 
 
$
0.89

Add (less) TCO's additional income tax benefit (expense)
(0.1
)
 
 
 

 

 
 
 

Funds from Operations attributable to TCO
$
56.0

 
 
 
$
0.87

 
$
57.7

 
 
 
$
0.89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funds from Operations
$
78.5

 
90,095,106

 
$
0.87

 
$
80.5

 
90,741,649

 
$
0.89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Disposition costs related to the Starwood sale
0.5

 
 
 
0.01

 
 
 
 
 
 
Restructuring charge
3.0

 
 
 
0.03

 
 
 
 
 
 
Discontinuation of hedge accounting - MacArthur
(0.2
)
 
 
 

 


 
 
 
 
Adjusted Funds from Operations
81.8

 
90,095,106

 
0.91

 
80.5

 
90,741,649

 
0.89

TCO's average ownership percentage of TRG
71.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
71.7
%
 
 
 
 
Adjusted Funds from Operations attributable to TCO, excluding additional income tax benefit (expense)
$
58.6

 
 
 
$
0.91

 
$
57.7

 
 
 
$
0.89

Add (less) TCO's additional income tax benefit (expense)
(0.1
)
 
 
 

 

 
 
 

Adjusted Funds from Operations attributable to TCO
$
58.5

 
 
 
$
0.91

 
$
57.7

 
 
 
$
0.89


(1)
Depreciation included $3.7 million and $5.8 million of mall tenant allowance amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(2)
Amounts in this table may not recalculate due to rounding.

47


Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Taubman Centers, Inc. Common Shareowners to Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations

 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2014
 
2013
 
Dollars in millions
 
Diluted Shares/ Units
 
Per Share/ Unit
 
Dollars in millions
 
Diluted Shares/ Units
 
Per Share/ Unit
Net income attributable to TCO common shareowners – Basic
$
424.2

 
63,249,400

 
$
6.71

 
$
70.1

 
63,653,155

 
$
1.10

Add distributions to participating securities of TRG
1.4

 
871,262

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add impact of share-based compensation
2.7

 
755,389

 
 
 
0.4

 
1,049,493

 
 
Net income attributable to TCO common shareowners – Diluted
$
428.3

 
64,876,051

 
$
6.60

 
$
70.4

 
64,702,648

 
$
1.09

Add depreciation of TCO’s additional basis
5.1

 
 
 
0.08

 
5.2

 
 
 
0.08

Add TCO's additional income tax expense
0.3

 
 
 

 
0.1

 
 
 

Net income attributable to TCO common shareowners, excluding step-up depreciation and additional income tax expense
$
433.6

 
64,876,051

 
$
6.68

 
$
75.7

 
64,702,648

 
$
1.17

Add:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling share of income of TRG
170.9

 
25,142,927

 
 
 
29.9

 
25,250,079

 
 
Distributions to participating securities of TRG


 


 
 
 
1.3

 
871,262

 
 
Net income attributable to partnership unitholders and participating securities
$
604.5

 
90,018,978

 
$
6.72

 
$
106.9

 
90,823,989

 
$
1.18

Add (less) depreciation and amortization (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated businesses at 100%
96.5

 
 
 
1.07

 
116.3

 
 
 
1.28

Depreciation of TCO’s additional basis
(5.1
)
 
 
 
(0.06
)
 
(5.2
)
 
 
 
(0.06
)
Noncontrolling partners in consolidated joint ventures
(3.6
)
 
 
 
(0.04
)
 
(3.8
)
 
 
 
(0.04
)
Share of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
21.3

 
 
 
0.24

 
18.5

 
 
 
0.20

Non-real estate depreciation
(2.6
)
 
 
 
(0.03
)
 
(2.2
)
 
 
 
(0.02
)
Less gain on dispositions of International Plaza, Arizona Mills, and Oyster Bay, net of tax
(476.9
)
 
 
 
(5.30
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less impact of share-based compensation
(2.7
)
 
 
 
(0.03
)
 
(0.4
)
 
 
 

Funds from Operations
$
231.5

 
90,018,978

 
$
2.57

 
$
230.2

 
90,823,989

 
$
2.53

TCO's average ownership percentage of TRG
71.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
71.6
%
 
 
 
 
Funds from Operations attributable to TCO, excluding additional income tax expense
$
165.7

 
 
 
$
2.57

 
$
164.8

 
 
 
$
2.53

Less TCO's additional income tax expense
(0.3
)
 
 
 

 
(0.1
)
 
 
 

Funds from Operations attributable to TCO
$
165.4

 
 
 
$
2.57

 
$
164.7

 


 
$
2.53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funds from Operations
$
231.5

 
90,018,978

 
$
2.57

 
$
230.2

 
90,823,989

 
$
2.53

Disposition costs related to the Starwood sale
1.0

 
 
 
0.01

 
 
 
 
 
 
Restructuring charge
3.0

 
 
 
0.03

 
 
 
 
 
 
Discontinuation of hedge accounting - MacArthur
5.2

 
 
 
0.06

 


 
 
 
 
Adjusted Funds from Operations
$
240.8

 
90,018,978

 
$
2.67

 
$
230.2

 
90,823,989

 
$
2.53

TCO's average ownership percentage of TRG
71.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
71.6
%
 
 
 
 
Adjusted Funds from Operations attributable to TCO, excluding additional income tax expense
$
172.3

 
 
 
$
2.67

 
$
164.8

 
 
 
$
2.53

Less TCO's additional income tax expense
(0.3
)
 
 
 

 
(0.1
)
 
 
 

Adjusted Funds from Operations attributable to TCO
$
172.0

 
 
 
$
2.67

 
$
164.7

 


 
$
2.53


(1)
Depreciation included $15.0 million and $17.4 million of mall tenant allowance amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(2)
Amounts in this table may not recalculate due to rounding.


48


Reconciliation of Net Income to Beneficial Interest in EBITDA
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
(in millions)
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net income
$
56.6

 
$
43.2

 
$
621.8

 
$
123.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add (less) depreciation and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated businesses at 100%
24.6

 
41.0

 
96.5

 
116.3

Noncontrolling partners in consolidated joint ventures
(0.8
)
 
(1.3
)
 
(3.6
)
 
(3.8
)
Share of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
7.3

 
6.4

 
21.3

 
18.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add (less) interest expense and income tax expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated businesses at 100%
23.4

 
32.5

 
74.9

 
99.6

Noncontrolling partners in consolidated joint ventures
(2.1
)
 
(2.2
)
 
(6.3
)
 
(6.5
)
Share of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
10.0

 
9.4

 
29.8

 
28.2

Income tax expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense on dispositions of International Plaza, Arizona Mills, and Oyster Bay


 
 
 
9.7

 
 
Other income tax expense
0.7

 
1.5

 
1.7

 
2.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
(2.6
)
 
(2.2
)
 
(8.0
)
 
(6.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beneficial interest in EBITDA
$
117.0

 
$
128.3

 
$
838.0

 
$
371.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TCO's average ownership percentage of TRG
71.6
%
 
71.7
%
 
71.6
%
 
71.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beneficial interest in EBITDA attributable to TCO
$
83.7

 
$
92.0

 
$
599.5

 
$
265.9


(1)
Amounts in this table may not add due to rounding.

49


Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
(in millions)
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net income
$
56.6

 
$
43.2

 
$
621.8

 
$
123.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add (less) depreciation and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated businesses at 100%
24.6

 
41.0

 
96.5

 
116.3

Noncontrolling partners in consolidated joint ventures
(0.8
)
 
(1.3
)
 
(3.6
)
 
(3.8
)
Share of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
7.3

 
6.4

 
21.3

 
18.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add (less) interest expense and income tax expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated businesses at 100%
23.4

 
32.5

 
74.9

 
99.6

Noncontrolling partners in consolidated joint ventures
(2.1
)
 
(2.2
)
 
(6.3
)
 
(6.5
)
Share of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
10.0

 
9.4

 
29.8

 
28.2

Income tax expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense on dispositions of International Plaza, Arizona Mills, and Oyster Bay


 
 
 
9.7

 
 
Other income tax expense
0.7

 
1.5

 
1.7

 
2.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less noncontrolling share of income of consolidated joint ventures
(2.6
)
 
(2.2
)
 
(8.0
)
 
(6.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add EBITDA attributable to outside partners:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling partners in consolidated joint ventures
5.6

 
5.7

 
17.8

 
17.1

EBITDA attributable to outside partners in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
24.8

 
21.7

 
72.3

 
62.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA at 100%
$
147.4

 
$
155.7

 
$
928.2

 
$
451.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Add (less) items excluded from shopping center Net Operating Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative expenses
11.4

 
11.8

 
34.5

 
36.7

Management, leasing, and development services, net
(1.6
)
 
(7.7
)
 
(4.1
)
 
(9.8
)
Straight-line of rents
(1.2
)
 
(1.7
)
 
(3.5
)
 
(4.3
)
Gain on dispositions of International Plaza, Arizona Mills, and Oyster Bay
 
 
 
 
(486.6
)
 
 
Disposition costs related to the Starwood sale
0.5

 
 
 
1.0

 
 
Restructuring charge
3.0

 
 
 
3.0

 
 
Discontinuation of hedge accounting - MacArthur
(0.2
)
 
 
 
5.5

 
 
Gain on sale of peripheral land


 


 


 
(0.9
)
Gain on sale of marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1.3
)
Dividend income
(0.8
)
 
 
 
(1.6
)
 
 
Interest income
(0.5
)
 

 
(0.8
)
 
(0.1
)
Other nonoperating (income) expense


 
0.5

 
(0.8
)
 
0.5

Non-center specific operating expenses and other
5.6

 
8.0

 
14.6

 
18.5

Net Operating Income at 100% - all centers
$
163.7

 
$
166.5

 
$
489.5

 
$
490.5

Less - Net Operating Income of non-comparable centers (1)
0.7

 
(6.4
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(19.4
)
Net Operating Income at 100% - comparable centers
$
164.4

 
$
160.1

 
$
489.3

 
$
471.1

Lease cancellation income
(1.1
)
 
(0.8
)
 
(7.4
)
 
(3.0
)
Net Operating Income at 100% excluding lease cancellation income (2)
$
163.3

 
$
159.4

 
$
481.9

 
$
468.1

(1)
Includes Arizona Mills and Chesterfield.
(2)
See "General Background and Performance Measurement - Use of Non-GAAP Measures" for a discussion of the use and utility of Net Operating Income excluding lease cancellation income as a performance measure.
(3)
Amounts in this table may not recalculate due to rounding.

50


Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Our internally generated funds and distributions from operating centers and other investing activities, augmented by use of our existing revolving lines of credit, provide resources to maintain our current operations and assets and pay dividends. Generally, our need to access the capital markets is limited to refinancing debt obligations at or near maturity and funding major capital investments. From time to time, we also may access the equity markets or sell interests in operating properties to raise additional funds or refinance existing obligations on a strategic basis. See “Capital Spending” for more details. In October 2014, we completed the disposition of the Sale Centers to Starwood. See "Note 2 - Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Developments - Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood" to our consolidated financial statements for further information on the sale.

Property Encumbrances

We are primarily financed with property-specific secured debt and currently have five unencumbered center properties. The entities that own Beverly Center, Dolphin Mall, and Twelve Oaks Mall are guarantors under our unsecured primary revolving credit facility and unsecured term loan and are unencumbered assets under the facility and term loan. Any of the assets may be removed from the facility unencumbered asset pool and encumbered upon notice to lender that there is no default and the required covenant calculations are met on a pro forma basis. Upon the disposition of Fairlane Town Center and The Shops at Willow Bend in October 2014, these centers were removed from the primary revolving line of credit and term loan unencumbered asset pool. We do not expect that this will significantly affect our ability to meet the required covenants or the current availability under the revolving line of credit. Additionally, besides the three centers previously noted, Chesterfield and Stamford Town Center, a 50% owned Unconsolidated Joint Venture property, are unencumbered.

Cash and Revolving Lines of Credit

As of September 30, 2014, we had a consolidated cash balance of $45.7 million. We also have an unsecured revolving line of credit of $1.1 billion and a secured revolving line of credit of $65 million. The availability under these facilities as of September 30, 2014, after considering then outstanding loan balances and outstanding letters of credit, was $1.1 billion. Sixteen banks participate in our $1.1 billion revolving line of credit and the failure of one bank to fund a draw on our line does not negate the obligation of the other banks to fund their pro-rata shares. The unsecured line includes an accordion feature that would increase the borrowing capacity to as much as $1.5 billion if fully exercised, subject to obtaining additional lender commitments and customary closing conditions. However, we cannot fully utilize the accordion feature unless additional assets are added to our unencumbered asset pool. The line matures in March 2017, with a one-year extension option. The facility bears interest at a range based on our total leverage ratio. As of September 30, 2014, the leverage ratio resulted in a rate of LIBOR plus 1.45%. In the fourth quarter of 2014, we expect to refinance our primary revolving line of credit, which will extend the maturity date to February 2019 with a lower pricing range based on our current total leverage ratio. As of September 30, 2014, our leverage ratio would result in pricing under the new pricing range of LIBOR plus 1.15% with a 0.20% facility fee.

In March 2014, the maturity date on our $65 million secondary revolving line of credit was extended through April 2016. All significant terms of the credit facility agreement remain unchanged as a result of the extension.

Construction Financing

In addition to the lines of credit described above, we have a $225 million construction facility for The Mall at University Town Center, an Unconsolidated Joint Venture. As of September 30, 2014, $69.4 million was available under the construction facility. The construction facility is interest only during the initial three-year term at LIBOR plus 1.70%, which decreases to LIBOR plus 1.60% upon the achievement of certain performance measures. The facility has four, one-year extension options. During the extension period, debt service payments also include principal payments based on an assumed interest rate of 6.0% and a 30-year amortization period. We provided an unconditional guarantee of 25% of the principal balance and 50% of all accrued but unpaid interest. The principal guaranty may be reduced to 12.5% of the outstanding principal balance upon achievement of certain performance measures. Upon stabilization, the unconditional guaranty may be released.


51


In April 2014, a $320 million construction facility was completed for The Mall of San Juan, a consolidated joint venture. As of September 30, 2014, $204.0 million was available under the construction facility. The facility is interest only for the entire term and bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.00%, which may decrease to LIBOR plus 1.75% upon achieving certain performance measures. The construction facility has an initial three-year term with two, one-year extension options. We provided an unconditional guarantee of the principal balance and all accrued but unpaid interest during the term of the loan. In addition, we have provided a guarantee as to the completion of the center.

Term Loan

In November 2013, we completed a $475 million unsecured term loan that matures in February 2019. The loan includes an accordion feature that increases the borrowing capacity to as much as $600 million if fully exercised, subject to obtaining additional lender commitments and customary closing conditions. However, we cannot fully utilize the accordion feature unless additional assets are added to our unencumbered asset pool. As of September 30, 2014, the loan leverage ratio resulted in a rate of LIBOR plus 1.35%. Proceeds were used to pay off the $305 million loan on Beverly Center. Excess proceeds, net of fees and accrued interest, of $165 million were used to pay down our revolving lines of credit.

Dispositions

While specific uses of the net proceeds from the October 2014 sale of centers to Starwood have not yet been determined, Qualified Intermediaries (QIs) were engaged at closing to take receipt of approximately $407 million of net proceeds with the intention that the funds be used in tax-deferred exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. We intend to initially use the remaining net proceeds to reduce outstanding borrowings under our revolving lines of credit and for general corporate purposes, to the extent the proceeds are not used to pay a special dividend. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Dividends" for more information on the potential special dividend.

In early 2014, we completed two dispositions that served as sources of additional capital. In January 2014, we sold a total of 49.9% of our interests in the entity that owns International Plaza (see "Results of Operations - Dispositions - International Plaza"), the proceeds of which were used to pay off the $99.5 million loan on Stony Point, which was scheduled to mature in June 2014. Also in January 2014, we sold our 50% interest in an entity that owns Arizona Mills as well as land in Syosset, New York related to the former Oyster Bay project (see "Results of Operations - Dispositions - Arizona Mills/Oyster Bay").

Summaries of Capital Activities and Transactions for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

Operating Activities

Our net cash provided by operating activities was $249.5 million in 2014, compared to $269.1 million in 2013. See also “Results of Operations” for descriptions of 2014 and 2013 transactions affecting operating cash flows.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $23.2 million in 2014, compared to $288.5 million used in investing activities in 2013. Additions to properties in 2014 and 2013 related primarily to the costs of new centers under development as well as capital and tenant improvements at existing centers and the acquisition of our headquarters building. A tabular presentation of 2014 capital spending is shown in “Capital Spending”.

Issuance of notes receivable were $1.5 million in 2013. Net cash proceeds from the sale of peripheral land were $6.9 million in 2013. There were no peripheral land sales in 2014. The timing of peripheral land sales is variable and proceeds from peripheral land sales can vary significantly from period to period. Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities were $2.5 million in 2013. Proceeds from the January 2014 dispositions, net of transaction costs were $385.6 million in 2014. Cash escrowed in connection with certain major construction projects was $39.6 million in 2014. Repayments of notes receivable were $7.3 million and $0.5 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively. Collection of the remaining consideration from the sale of assets of the Taubman TCBL business provided $12.9 million in 2013.

Contributions to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in 2014 of $44.1 million primarily consisted of funding of Taubman Asia project costs, including the acquisition of additional interests in Hanam Union Square (see "Capital Spending - New Developments"). Contributions to Unconsolidated Joint Ventures in 2013 of $120.7 million primarily consisted of funding of The Mall at University Town Center and Taubman Asia project costs. Distributions in excess of income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures provided $6.6 million in 2014 and $3.9 million in 2013.

52


Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $268.0 million in 2014 compared to $19.7 million provided in 2013. Payments of debt and issuance costs, net of proceeds from the issuance of debt were $116.4 million in 2014. Proceeds from the issuance of debt, net of payments and issuance costs, were $31.8 million in 2013.

In 2013, $21.2 million was paid to repurchase common stock. In 2014, $0.8 million was paid in connection with incentive plans, compared to $3.4 million in 2013. In 2013, net proceeds of $164.4 million, after offering costs, were received from the issuance of the Series K Preferred Stock. In 2013, $1.1 million was used to redeem the ownership interest of the outlet joint venture partner.

Contributions from noncontrolling interests were $22.3 million in 2014 compared to $4.7 million in 2013. Contributions in 2014 included funds for a redevelopment project at Cherry Creek Shopping Center. Total dividends and distributions paid were $173.2 million and $155.6 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Beneficial Interest in Debt

At September 30, 2014, the Operating Partnership's debt and its beneficial interest in the debt of its Consolidated Businesses and Unconsolidated Joint Ventures totaled $3,432.9 million, with an average interest rate of 4.16% excluding amortization of debt issuance costs and interest rate hedging costs. These costs are reported as interest expense in the results of operations. Interest expense includes non-cash amortization of premiums relating to acquisitions. On an annualized basis, this amortization of acquisition premiums is equal to 0.09% of the average all-in rate. Beneficial interest in debt includes debt used to fund development and expansion costs. Beneficial interest in construction work in progress totaled $800.5 million as of September 30, 2014, which included $782.2 million of assets on which interest is being capitalized. The following table presents information about our beneficial interest in debt as of September 30, 2014:
 
Amount
 
Interest Rate Including Spread
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
Fixed rate debt
$
2,342.2

 
4.84
%
(1) 
(3) 
Floating rate debt swapped to fixed rate:
 
 
 
  
 
Swapped through April 2018
137.2

 
4.10
%
 
 
Swapped through February 2019
475.0

 
3.00
%
 
 
 
$
612.2

 
3.25
%
(1) 
(4) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Floating month to month
478.5

 
2.02
%
(1) 
 
Total floating rate debt
$
1,090.7

 
2.71
%
(1) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total beneficial interest in debt
$
3,432.9

 
4.16
%
(1) 
(4) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of financing costs (2)
 

 
0.26
%
 
 
Average all-in rate
 

 
4.42
%
 
 

(1)
Represents weighted average interest rate before amortization of financing costs.
(2)
Financing costs include debt issuance costs and costs related to interest rate agreements of certain fixed rate debt.
(3)
Includes non-cash amortization of premiums related to acquisitions.
(4)
Excludes swap on MacArthur debt as hedge accounting was discontinued effective June 2014 due to the anticipated sale of the center, which occurred in October 2014.
(5)
Amounts in table may not add due to rounding.


53


Sensitivity Analysis

We have exposure to interest rate risk on our debt obligations and interest rate instruments. We use derivative instruments primarily to manage exposure to interest rate risks inherent in variable rate debt and refinancings. We routinely use cap, swap, and treasury lock agreements to meet these objectives. Based on the Operating Partnership's beneficial interest in floating rate debt in effect at September 30, 2014, a one percent increase on this floating rate debt would decrease cash flows by approximately $3.6 million, and due to the effect of capitalized interest, decrease annual earnings by approximately $2.8 million. A one percent decrease in interest rates (or to zero percent for LIBOR rates that are below one percent) would increase cash flows by $0.5 million and annual earnings by approximately $0.4 million. Based on our consolidated debt and interest rates in effect at September 30, 2014, a one percent increase in interest rates would decrease the fair value of debt by approximately $40.2 million, while a one percent decrease in interest rates would increase the fair value of debt by approximately $42.2 million.

Loan Commitments and Guarantees

Certain loan agreements contain various restrictive covenants, including the following corporate covenants on our unsecured primary revolving line of credit, unsecured term loan, and the construction facilities on The Mall at University Town Center and The Mall of San Juan: a minimum net worth requirement, a maximum total leverage ratio, a maximum secured leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a maximum recourse secured debt ratio, and a maximum payout ratio. In addition, our primary revolving line of credit and term loan have unencumbered pool covenants, which as of September 30, 2014 apply to Beverly Center, Dolphin Mall, Fairlane Town Center, Twelve Oaks Mall and The Shops at Willow Bend on a combined basis. These covenants include a minimum number and minimum value of eligible unencumbered assets, a maximum unencumbered leverage ratio, a minimum unencumbered interest coverage ratio and a minimum unencumbered asset occupancy ratio. As of September 30, 2014, the corporate minimum fixed charge coverage ratio is the most restrictive covenant. We are in compliance with all of our covenants and loan obligations as of September 30, 2014. The maximum payout ratio covenant limits the payment of distributions generally to 95% of funds from operations, as defined in the loan agreements, except as required to maintain our tax status, pay preferred distributions, and for distributions related to the sale of certain assets. See "Note 5 - Beneficial Interest in Debt and Interest Expense" to our consolidated financial statements for more details on loan guarantees.

Upon the disposition of Fairlane Town Center and The Shops at Willow Bend in October 2014, these centers were removed from our primary revolving line of credit and term loan unencumbered asset pool (See "Results of Operations - Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood"). We do not expect that this will significantly affect our ability to meet the required covenants or the current availability under the line of credit.

Cash Tender Agreement

A. Alfred Taubman has the annual right to tender units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership and cause us to purchase the tendered interests at a purchase price based on a market valuation of TCO on the trading date immediately preceding the date of the tender. See “Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies – Cash Tender” to our consolidated financial statements for more details.

Capital Spending

New Developments

In October 2014, The Mall at University Town Center in Sarasota, Florida opened over 90% leased. The 0.9 million square foot center is anchored by Saks Fifth Avenue, Macy's, and Dillard's.

Our United States development currently includes two projects that are under construction: The Mall of San Juan and International Market Place. In addition, we are progressing on our project in Miami, Florida. We also have investments in three projects in Asia: CityOn.Xi'an and CityOn.Zhengzhou in China and Hanam Union Square in South Korea. Internally generated funds and excess proceeds from refinancings of maturing debt obligations, as well as borrowings under our revolving lines of credit would be sufficient to finance the anticipated costs of these projects, but we also expect construction loan financing to be available in addition to the existing construction loans on The Mall at University Town Center and The Mall of San Juan.


54


The Mall of San Juan, part of a mixed-use development featuring a hotel/casino and retail, is under construction in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The 0.7 million square foot of retail will be anchored by the Caribbean's first Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue. We expect a March 2015 opening. We are responsible for management, leasing, and development of the retail portion of the center. We had capitalized costs of $321.9 million in the project as of September 30, 2014. We have an 80% interest in the retail portion of the project and are now expecting an after-tax unlevered stabilized return of about 7% on the approximately $475 million total project cost. The remaining spending on the project is generally expected to be funded using our $320 million construction facility (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources"). We expect to be 80% leased and committed at opening, with occupancy building over the months following opening, and believe we will have modest net operating income from this center in 2015.

International Market Place, a 0.4 million square foot center, in Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii, is under construction. We will be responsible for management, leasing, and development of the center. The center will be anchored by the only full-line Saks Fifth Avenue in Hawaii, and is expected to open in spring 2016. We have a 93.5% interest in the project and are funding all construction costs. We had capitalized costs of $85.0 million in the project as of September 30, 2014. We expect an 8% to 8.5% return on our share of the approximately $400 million total project cost. This project is subject to a participating ground lease.

In 2013, we announced our involvement in The Mall at Miami Worldcenter, which will be developed in partnership with the Forbes Company. We will own at least one-third of the project, and as much as one-half, depending on the participation of the land owner. The center will be part of a mixed-use development offering a hotel, convention and entertainment space, office, residential, and retail. The 0.7 million square foot center will feature Macy's and Bloomingdale's.

In 2012, we formed a joint-venture with Beijing Wangfujing Department Store (Group) Co., Ltd (Wangfujing), one of China's largest department store chains. The joint venture will own a 60% controlling interest in and manage a shopping center, CityOn.Xi'an, to be located at Xi'an Saigao City Plaza, a large-scale mixed-use development in Xi'an, China. It is scheduled to open in late 2015 and is part of a 5.9 million square foot mixed-use project. We are investing in the retail portion only, which will be about 1.0 million square feet with over half of that in mall specialty stores. As of September 30, 2014, we had invested $58.2 million in the project, as increased by $1.1 million of cumulative currency translation adjustments. Our total anticipated investment will be approximately $115 million for a 30% equity interest. We are expecting a 6% to 6.5% unlevered return at stabilization.

In 2013, we formed a second joint venture with Wangfujing that owns a majority interest in and will manage a shopping center to be located in Zhengzhou, China. Currently under construction, the approximately 1.0 million square foot shopping mall, CityOn.Zhengzhou, is now expected to open in spring 2016. As of September 30, 2014, we had invested $41.7 million in the project, as increased by $0.4 million of cumulative currency translation adjustments. Our total anticipated investment will be approximately $115 million for a 32% equity interest. We are expecting a 6% to 6.5% unlevered return at stabilization.

We have invested with Shinsegae Group (Shinsegae), South Korea's largest retailer, in a 1.7 million square foot shopping mall project in Hanam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea (Hanam Union Square). The center is scheduled to open in late 2016. In August 2014, Taubman Asia partnered with a major institution in Asia to acquire an additional 19% stake from Shinsegae. This partnership now has a 49% ownership interest in Hanam Union Square. The institutional partner owns 14.7% of the project, bringing our effective ownership to 34.3%, an increase from our previous 30% share. As of September 30, 2014, we had invested $127.8 million in the project, as increased by $2.9 million of cumulative currency translation adjustments. Our total anticipated investment including capitalized interest will be about $380 million for our 34.3% equity interest in the retail portion of the project. We are expecting a 7% to 7.5% unlevered return at stabilization.

Sales growth rates are expected to be in excess of 10% in China. Combined with shorter lease terms than the U.S., returns on our investments in China are expected to equal those earned in the U.S. by the seventh or eighth year. Estimates of total project costs in Asia exclude fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.


55


2014 Capital Spending

Capital spending for routine maintenance of the shopping centers is generally recovered from tenants. Capital spending through September 30, 2014, is summarized in the following table:
 
2014 (1)
 
Consolidated Businesses
 
Beneficial Interest in Consolidated Businesses
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Beneficial Interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
(in millions)
New development projects - U.S. (2)
$
231.7

 
$
195.7

 
$
95.0

 
$
51.0

New development projects - Asia (3) (4)
 
 
 
 
36.8

 
36.8

Existing centers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projects with incremental GLA or anchor replacement
35.8

 
31.7

 
0.5

 
0.3

Projects with no incremental GLA and other
7.0

 
6.9

 
5.8

 
2.9

Mall tenant allowances
6.0

 
6.0

 
5.4

 
2.9

Asset replacement costs recoverable from tenants
22.5

 
21.7

 
21.2

 
12.4

Corporate office building and improvements, technology, equipment, and other (5)
19.3

 
19.3

 
 
 
 
Total
$
322.3

 
$
281.3

 
$
164.8

 
$
106.2


(1)
Costs are net of intercompany profits and are computed on an accrual basis.
(2)
Includes costs related to The Mall of San Juan, International Market Place, and The Mall at University Town Center.
(3)
Includes costs related to CityOn.Xi'an, Hanam Union Square, and CityOn.Zhengzhou. Asia spending is included at our beneficial interest in both the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and Beneficial Interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures columns.
(4)
Asia costs exclude $2.4 million of net unfavorable translation adjustments.
(5)
Includes acquisition of U.S. headquarters building.
(6)
Amounts in this table may not add due to rounding.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, in addition to the costs above, we incurred our $4.7 million share of Consolidated Businesses’ and $0.9 million share of Unconsolidated Joint Ventures’ capitalized leasing costs.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Consolidated Businesses’ capital spending shown above (on an accrual basis) to additions to properties (on a cash basis) as presented in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2014:
 
(in millions)
Consolidated Businesses’ capital spending
$
322.3

Acquisition of U.S. headquarters building - non-cash
(17.6
)
Other differences between cash and accrual basis
(12.2
)
Additions to properties
$
292.5



56


Planned 2014 Capital Spending

The following table summarizes planned capital spending for 2014, including actual spending through September 30, 2014 and anticipated spending for the remainder of the year:

 
2014 (1)
 
Consolidated Businesses
 
Beneficial Interest in Consolidated Businesses
 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Beneficial Interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
(in millions)
New development projects - U.S. (2)
$
291.3

 
$
247.2

 
$
140.1

 
$
72.3

New development projects - Asia (3)(4)
 
 
 
 
107.5

 
107.5

Existing centers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projects with incremental GLA or anchor replacement
88.5

 
72.6

 
3.6

 
1.8

Projects with no incremental GLA and other
18.3

 
18.3

 
9.4

 
4.9

Mall tenant allowances
13.1

 
12.7

 
15.9

 
8.6

Asset replacement costs recoverable from tenants
32.7

 
30.9

 
33.2

 
20.1

Corporate office building and improvements, technology, equipment, and other (5)
23.8

 
23.8

 
 
 
 
Total
$
467.8

 
$
405.5

 
$
309.7

 
$
215.1


(1)
Costs are net of intercompany profits and are computed on an accrual basis.
(2)
Includes costs related to The Mall at San Juan, International Market Place, and The Mall at University Town Center. Excludes costs related to The Mall at Miami Worldcenter.
(3)
Includes costs related to CityOn.Xi'an, Hanam Union Square, and CityOn.Zhengzhou. Asia spending is included at our beneficial interest in both the Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and Beneficial Interest in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures columns.
(4)
Asia costs exclude currency translation adjustments.
(5)
Includes acquisition of U.S. headquarters building.
(6)
Amounts in this table may not add due to rounding.

We anticipate that our share of costs incurred for new center U.S. and Asia development projects included in the table above will be approximately $430 million and $240 million for 2015 and 2016, respectively.

We have planned redevelopment or expansion projects at Beverly Center, Cherry Creek Shopping Center, Dolphin Mall, The Mall at Green Hills, International Plaza, and Sunvalley that will add approximately 343,000 square feet of incremental GLA with completion dates ranging from 2014 to 2018. Our share of these projects will cost a total of approximately $275 million, and we expect a weighted average return of 7.5% to 8% on the projects.

Disclosures regarding planned capital spending, including estimates regarding timing of openings, capital expenditures, occupancy, and returns on new developments are forward-looking statements and certain significant factors could cause the actual results to differ materially, including but not limited to (1) actual results of negotiations with anchors, tenants, and contractors, (2) timing and outcome of litigation and entitlement processes, (3) changes in the scope, number, and valuation of projects, (4) cost overruns, (5) timing of expenditures, (6) availability of and cost of financing and other financing considerations, (7) actual time to start construction and complete projects, (8) changes in economic climate, (9) competition from others attracting tenants and customers, (10) increases in operating costs, (11) timing of tenant openings, (12) early lease terminations and bankruptcies, (13) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and (14) dispositions, including the anticipated sale of centers. In addition, estimates of capital spending will change as new projects are approved by our board of directors.



57


Dividends

We pay regular quarterly dividends to our common and preferred shareowners. Dividends to our common shareowners are at the discretion of the Board of Directors and depend on the cash available to us, our financial condition, capital and other requirements, and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income prior to net capital gains to our shareowners, as well as meet certain other requirements. We must pay these distributions in the taxable year the income is recognized, or in the following taxable year if they are declared during the last three months of the taxable year, payable to shareowners of record on a specified date during such period and paid during January of the following year. Such distributions are treated as paid by us and received by our shareowners on December 31 of the year in which they are declared. In addition, at our election, a distribution for a taxable year may be declared in the following taxable year if it is declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and if paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. These distributions qualify as dividends paid for the 90% REIT distribution test for the previous year and are taxable to holders of our capital stock in the year in which paid. Preferred dividends accrue regardless of whether earnings, cash availability, or contractual obligations were to prohibit the current payment of dividends.

The annual determination of our common dividends is based on anticipated Funds from Operations available after preferred dividends and our REIT taxable income, as well as assessments of annual capital spending, financing considerations, and other appropriate factors.

Any inability of the Operating Partnership or its Joint Ventures to secure financing as required to fund maturing debts, capital expenditures and changes in working capital, including development activities and expansions, may require the utilization of cash to satisfy such obligations, thereby possibly reducing distributions to partners of the Operating Partnership and funds available to us for the payment of dividends.

On September 4, 2014, we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.54 per common share, $0.40625 per share on our 6.5% Series J Preferred Stock, and $0.390625 per share on our 6.25% Series K Preferred Stock, which was paid on September 30, 2014 to shareowners of record on September 15, 2014.
If no synergistic asset or assets for a Section 1031 exchange can be identified for the centers sold in October 2014 (see "Results of Operations - Dispositions - Sale of Centers to Starwood"), a special dividend of up to approximately $5.00 per share will be declared by the end of the year 2014 to be paid no later than January 2015. In the event we identify one or more synergistic assets for a Section 1031 exchange but fail to close on the acquisition within the time period required under the Internal Revenue Code, then we will declare a special dividend of up to $5.00 per share to be paid in April 2015.


58


Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The information required by this item is included in this report at Item 2 under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Sensitivity Analysis.”

Item 4.
Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2014, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods prescribed by the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


59


PART II
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.
Legal Proceedings

Refer to “Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements relating to the restaurant owners at The Pier Shops litigation. There were no material developments regarding these matters during the quarter ended September 30, 2014.

Item 1 A.
Risk Factors

There were no material changes in our risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
In August 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $200 million of its outstanding common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. No stock repurchases were made during the third quarter of 2014. As of September 30, 2014, the Company repurchased 787,071 shares of common stock at an average price of $66.45 per share, for a total of $52.3 million under the authorization. As of September 30, 2014, $147.7 million remained available for purchase under the program. All shares repurchased have been cancelled. For each share of stock repurchased, an equal number of Operating Partnership units were redeemed. Repurchases of common stock were financed through general corporate funds, including borrowings under existing lines of credit.

The restrictions on our ability to pay dividends on our common stock are set forth in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Dividends".

60


Item 6. Exhibits
 
 
 
 
Incorporated by Reference
 
 
Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
Period Ending
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date
 
Filed Herewith
12
 
Statement Re: Computation of Taubman Centers, Inc. Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 10A, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 10A, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
99
 
Debt Maturity Schedule
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X

61


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
 
TAUBMAN CENTERS, INC.
Date:
November 4, 2014
By: /s/ Lisa A. Payne                                                                     
 
 
Lisa A. Payne
 
 
Vice Chairman, Chief Financial Officer, and Director (Principal Financial Officer)

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