Attached files

file filename
EXCEL - IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT - INTERMUNE INCFinancial_Report.xls
EX-31.2 - CERTIFICATION REQUIRED BY RULE 13A-14(A) OR RULE 15D-14(A) - INTERMUNE INCd421629dex312.htm
EX-31.1 - CERTIFICATION REQUIRED BY RULE 13A-14(A) OR RULE 15D-14(A) - INTERMUNE INCd421629dex311.htm
EX-32.1 - CERTIFICATION REQUIRED BY RULE 13A-14(B) OR RULE 15D-14(B) - INTERMUNE INCd421629dex321.htm
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 

 

Form 10-Q

 

 

 

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to            

Commission File Number: 0-29801

 

 

InterMune, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   94-3296648

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

3280 Bayshore Blvd., Brisbane, California 94005

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(415) 466-2200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period than the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   x    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of October 31, 2012, there were 66,015,736 outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of InterMune, Inc.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

INTERMUNE, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012

INDEX

 

     Page  

Item

      
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION      3   

1.      Financial Statements (unaudited):

     3   

a.      Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September  30, 2012 and December 31, 2011

     3   

b.       Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine-months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011

     4   

c.       Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine-months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011

     5   

d.       Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine-months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011

     6   

e.      Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

     7   

2.       Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     16   

3.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     23   

4.      Controls and Procedures

     24   
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION      25   

1.      Legal Proceedings

     25   

1A.   Risk Factors

     27   

6.      Exhibits

     46   

Signatures

     48   

 

2


Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

INTERMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2011
 
     (Unaudited, in thousands)  
ASSETS     

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 95,103      $ 177,428   

Available-for-sale securities

     256,301        247,682   

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $0 and $56 at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively

     5,152        3,764   

Inventories

     9,134        6,220   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     5,951        8,044   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     371,641        443,138   

Property and equipment, net

     4,034        2,341   

Acquired product rights

     18,500        19,250   

Other assets (includes restricted cash of $1,700 at September 30, 2012 and $1,427 at December 31, 2011)

     7,819        7,894   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 401,994      $ 472,623   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY     

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 11,125      $ 10,068   

Accrued compensation

     9,752        9,044   

Other accrued liabilities

     20,154        14,979   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     41,031        34,091   

Convertible notes

     240,250        240,250   

Other long term liabilities

     207        114   

Commitments and contingencies

    

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Common stock

     66        65   

Additional paid-in capital

     1,159,255        1,144,947   

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     571        1,025   

Accumulated deficit

     (1,039,386     (947,869
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     120,506        198,168   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 401,994      $ 472,623   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

3


Table of Contents

INTERMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 

    

Three Months Ended

September 30,

   

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

 
     2012     2011     2012     2011  
     (Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)  

Revenue, net

        

Esbriet

   $ 7,534      $ 118      $ 17,952      $ 118   

Collaboration revenue

     —          —          —          2,629   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue, net

     7,534        118        17,952        2,747   

Costs and expenses:

        

Cost of goods sold

     2,017        385        6,200        385   

Research and development

     26,175        17,045        74,553        53,967   

Selling, general and administrative

     23,754        23,652        75,680        62,661   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     51,946        41,082        156,433        117,013   

Loss from operations

     (44,412     (40,964     (138,481     (114,266

Other income (expense):

        

Interest income

     148        131        452        390   

Interest expense

     (2,031     (1,281     (6,473     (4,154

Other income (expense)

     975        (227     (149     (322
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from operations before income taxes

     (45,320     (42,341     (144,651     (118,352

Income tax expense

     192        —          326        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations

     (45,512     (42,341     (144,977     (118,352

Discontinued operations:

        

Income from discontinued operations

     132        4,097        2,125        8,111   

Gain on sale of discontinued operations

     —          —          51,335        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from discontinued operations

     132        4,097        53,460        8,111   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (45,380   $ (38,244   $ (91,517   $ (110,241
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net loss per common share:

        

Continuing operations

   $ (0.70   $ (0.70   $ (2.23   $ (2.02

Discontinued operations

     0.00        0.07        0.82        0.14   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ (0.70   $ (0.63   $ (1.41   $ (1.88
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Shares used in computing basic net loss per share

     65,183        60,467        64,966        58,599   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

4


Table of Contents

INTERMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2012     2011     2012     2011  
     (Unaudited, in thousands)  

Net loss

   $ (45,380   $ (38,244   $ (91,517   $ (110,241

Other comprehensive income:

        

Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment

     (755     250        (536     199   

Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities

     104        (61     81        53   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

   $ (46,031   $ (38,055   $ (91,972   $ (109,989
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

5


Table of Contents

INTERMUNE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2012     2011  
     (Unaudited, in thousands)  

Cash flows used in operating activities:

    

Net loss

   $ (91,517   $ (110,241

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

    

Gain on sale of discontinued operations

     (51,335     —     

Amortization and depreciation

     2,178        2,179   

Stock-based compensation expense

     12,254        13,243   

Net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities

     —          (15

Other

     (443     32   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Accounts receivable, net

     (1,388     (292

Inventories

     (4,643     (5,208

Other assets

     1,557        (1,358

Accounts payable and accrued compensation

     1,765        6,262   

Other accrued liabilities

     3,239        300   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (128,333     (95,098
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Proceeds from the divestiture of Actimmune

     55,000        —     

Acquisition of product rights

     —          (20,000

Purchases of property and equipment

     (2,510     (828

Purchases of available-for-sale securities

     (311,281     (270,110

Sales of available-for-sale securities

     116,543        43,938   

Maturities of available-for-sale securities

     186,201        125,868   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     43,953        (121,132

Cash flows from financing activities:

    

Proceeds from issuance of common stock in a public offering, net of issuance costs

     —          104,788   

Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs

     —          150,225   

Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock benefit plans

     2,055        33,952   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     2,055        288,965   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

     (82,325     72,735   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     177,428        110,584   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 95,103      $ 183,319   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

    

Non-cash financing activities:

    

Issuance of common stock in exchange for convertible debt

   $ —        $ 44,963   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

6


Table of Contents

INTERMUNE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

1. ORGANIZATION

Overview

We are a biotechnology company focused on the research, development and commercialization of innovative therapies in pulmonology and orphan fibrotic diseases. Pulmonology is the field of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of lung conditions. We have an advanced-stage product candidate in pulmonology, pirfenidone, that was granted marketing authorization effective February 2011 in all 27 member countries of the European Union (“EU”) for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (“IPF”). Pirfenidone has since been approved for marketing in Norway, Iceland and, most recently as of October 2012, in Canada. In September 2011, we launched commercial sales of pirfenidone in Germany under the trade name Esbriet®, and Esbriet® is now also commercially available in Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden. We are continuing to prepare for the commercial launch of Esbriet® in the other countries in the EU as well as in Canada. We are also pursuing the registration of pirfenidone to treat IPF in the United States. After reviewing various regulatory and clinical development options and following our discussions with the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), we commenced an additional pivotal Phase 3 clinical study of pirfenidone in IPF in July 2011, known as the ASCEND trial. The results of the ASCEND trial are expected to supplement the existing Phase 3 clinical study data from our CAPACITY clinical trials to support the registration of pirfenidone to treat IPF in the United States.

On June 19, 2012, we completed the divestiture of our worldwide development and commercialization rights to the pharmaceutical product containing Interferon Gamma-1b sold by us under the tradename Actimmune® for $55.0 million in cash, plus certain conditional royalty payments for a period of two years following the closing. The operating results of our Actimmune activities have been reclassified as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

 

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information. The financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that we believe are necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. These interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other future period and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2011, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of InterMune and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, InterMune Holdings Ltd. and InterMune UK & I Ltd., along with our other subsidiaries located in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and Austria. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, including those related to our allowances for doubtful accounts, product returns, chargebacks, cash discounts and rebates; excess/obsolete inventories; acquired product rights, the effects of inventory purchase commitments on inventory; certain accrued clinical and preclinical expenses and contingent liabilities and provision for income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other specific assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

 

7


Table of Contents

Inventory valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the specific identification method. Inventories were $9.1 million and $6.2 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and consisted solely of Esbriet at September 30, 2012.

Because of the long lead times required to manufacture Esbriet, we enter into purchase obligations to satisfy our estimated inventory requirements. We evaluate the need to provide reserves for contractually committed future purchases of inventory that may be in excess of forecasted future demand. In making these assessments, we are required to make judgments as to the future demand for current as well as committed purchases. We are also required to make judgments as to the expiration dates since the products are not usable beyond their expiration date. As part of our excess inventory assessment for Esbriet, we also consider the expiration dates of future manufactured quantities under these purchase obligations.

We incurred approximately $0.3 million for inventory writedowns during the quarter ended September 30, 2012. As of September 30, 2012, we had firm commitments to purchase approximately $1.4 million of Esbriet inventory.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

In connection with our continuing expansion efforts, we now conduct business throughout Europe in several currencies, including the euro, Swiss franc and British pound, among others. Therefore, we are exposed to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit the exposure related to foreign currency changes, we enter into foreign currency contracts. The Company does not enter into such contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on assets and liabilities such as foreign currency receivables and payables. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments. Gains and losses on the contracts are included in other income (expense) and substantially offset foreign exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of intercompany balances or other current assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity.

Our foreign exchange forward contracts expose us to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. We do, however, seek to mitigate such risks by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored. Management does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.

Acquired Product Rights

Initial payments for the acquisition of products that, at the time of acquisition, are already marketed or are approved by the FDA or the European Commission (“EC”) for marketing are capitalized and amortized ratably over the estimated life of the products. At the time of acquisition, the product life is estimated based upon the term of the agreement, the remaining patent life of the product and our assessment of future sales and profitability of the product. With respect to Esbriet, we currently estimate the product life to be 20 years from the date of acquisition. We assess this estimate regularly during the amortization period and adjust the asset value and/or useful life when appropriate. Initial payments for the acquisition of products that, at the time of acquisition, are under development or are not approved by the FDA or EC for marketing, have not reached technical feasibility and have no foreseeable alternative future uses are expensed as research and development costs.

Revenue recognition and revenue reserves

We recognize revenue from product sales generally upon delivery when title passes to a credit-worthy customer and record provisions for estimated returns, rebates, chargebacks and cash discounts against revenue. We are obligated to accept from customers the return of pharmaceuticals that have reached their expiration date. We believe that we are able to make reasonable and reliable estimates of product returns, rebates, chargebacks and cash discounts based on historical experience and other known or anticipated trends and factors. We review all sales transactions for potential rebates, chargebacks and discounts each month and believe that our reserves are adequate. We include shipping and handling costs in cost of goods sold.

 

8


Table of Contents

Our European revenue from sales of Esbriet began in September 2011 and through September 30, 2012, substantially all of which has been driven by revenue derived from sales in Germany. We only ship product upon receipt of valid orders from customers such as pharmacies and hospitals which are in turn a result of actual patient prescriptions. Pursuant to the Company’s terms and conditions of sale in Germany, a customer has no right to return the product. Such restriction on product returns is common practice for German companies, and as a result, product returns have been primarily limited to damaged goods since our commercial launch in Germany. Therefore, we have not established a reserve for product returns, though we have established a reserve for the mandatory rebate as allowed under the applicable German health care regulations.

Our revenue arrangements with multiple elements are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered element has stand-alone value to the customer and whether there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered items. The consideration we receive is allocated among the separate units based on their respective fair values, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units. Advance payments received in excess of amounts earned are classified as deferred revenue until earned.

In December 2010, we entered into a new agreement with Roche that focused on research to identify and develop next-generation protease inhibitors for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus. Under the terms of the agreement, Roche funded all research costs related to the programs for the period from July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2011, the effective term of the research program. During 2011, we received $2.6 million from Roche as a reimbursement for research services performed which has been recorded as collaboration revenue and in February 2011, Roche terminated the agreement without taking a license to any compounds resulting from the research program. Consequently, we will not be receiving any development or commercialization milestones or royalties from Roche under the agreement.

Research and development expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses include salaries, contractor and consultant fees, external clinical trial expenses performed by contract research organizations (“CRO”), licensing fees, acquired intellectual property with no alternative future use and facility and administrative expense allocations. In addition, we fund R&D at research institutions under agreements that are generally cancelable at our option. Research costs typically consist of applied research and preclinical and toxicology work. Pharmaceutical manufacturing development costs consist of product formulation, chemical analysis and the transfer and scale-up of manufacturing at our contract manufacturers. Clinical development costs include the costs of Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials. These costs are a significant component of our research and development expenses.

We accrue costs for clinical trial activities performed by contract research organizations and other third parties based upon the estimated amount of work completed on each study as provided by the CRO. These estimates may or may not match the actual services performed by the organizations as determined by patient enrollment levels and related activities. We monitor patient enrollment levels and related activities using available information; however, if we underestimate activity levels associated with various studies at a given point in time, we could be required to record significant additional R&D expenses in future periods when the actual activity level becomes known. We charge all such costs to R&D expenses. Non-refundable advance payments are capitalized and expensed as the related goods are delivered or services are performed.

Net income (loss) per share

We compute basic net income (loss) per share by dividing the net income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, as adjusted. We deduct shares subject to repurchase by us from the outstanding shares to arrive at the weighted average shares outstanding. We compute diluted net income per share by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per common share by application of the treasury stock method. For the computation of net loss per share we exclude dilutive securities, composed of potential common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and common shares issuable on conversion of our convertible notes, because of their anti-dilutive effect.

 

9


Table of Contents

The shares excluded were as follows (in thousands):

 

     As of
September 30,
 
     2012      2011  

Options

     5,252         4,057   

Shares issuable upon conversion of convertible notes

     9,384         9,384   

The calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     Three Months
Ended September 30,
    Nine Months
Ended September 30,
 
     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Net loss

   $ (45,380   $ (38,244   $ (91,517   $ (110,241
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share:

        

Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding

     65,779        61,375        65,497        59,575   

Less: weighted-average shares subject to repurchase

     (596     (908     (531     (976
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share

     65,183        60,467        64,966        58,599   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share

   $ (0.70   $ (0.63   $ (1.41   $ (1.88
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table reflects stock-based compensation expense recognized for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

 

     Three Months
Ended September 30,
     Nine Months
Ended September 30,
 
     2012      2011      2012      2011  

Cost of goods sold

   $ 50       $ —         $ 157       $ —     

Research and development

     1,070         1,359         3,510         4,459   

Selling, general and administrative

     2,031         2,935         8,587         8,784   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

   $ 3,151       $ 4,294       $ 12,254       $ 13,243   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Under the fair value recognition provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 718-10, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period for that portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest. In order to estimate the value of share-based awards, we use the Black-Scholes model, which requires the use of certain subjective assumptions. The most significant assumptions are our estimates of the expected volatility, the expected term of the award and the estimated forfeiture rate.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This ASU gives an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. We retrospectively adopted ASU No. 2011-05 on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this new guidance did not have an effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, statement of operations or cash flows.

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. This ASU is the result of joint efforts by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to develop a single, converged fair value framework. While this ASU is largely consistent with existing fair value measurement principles in U.S. GAAP, it expands ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurement existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and makes other amendments. Many of these amendments were made to eliminate unnecessary wording differences between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, which could change how fair value measurement guidance in ASC 820 is applied. We prospectively adopted ASU No. 2011-04 on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this new guidance did not have an effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, statement of operations or cash flows.

 

10


Table of Contents
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

On June 19, 2012, we completed the divestiture of our worldwide development and commercialization rights to the pharmaceutical product containing Interferon Gamma-1b sold by us under the tradename Actimmune® for $55.0 million in cash, plus certain conditional royalty payments for a period of two years following the closing (the transaction is referred to herein as the “Asset Sale”). The Asset Sale was consummated pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2012, by and among InterMune and Vidara Therapeutics International Limited, an Irish company, Vidara Therapeutics Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and Vidara Therapeutics Research Limited, an Irish company, as amended on June 18, 2012. The operating results of the Company’s Actimmune activities have been reclassified as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

Results of Discontinued Operations

Summary operating results for the discontinued operations are as follows (in thousands):

 

     Three Months
Ended September 30,
     Nine Months
Ended September 30,
 
     2012     2011      2012      2011  

Actimmune revenue, net

   $ —        $ 5,111       $ 6,627       $ 15,072   

Costs and expenses:

          

Cost of goods sold

     (198     683         4,276         6,328   

General and administrative

     66        331         226         633   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     (132     1,014         4,502         6,961   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from discontinued operations

   $ 132      $ 4,097       $ 2,125       $ 8,111   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gain on Sale of Discontinued Operations

The gain on sale of discontinued operations is calculated as follows (in thousands):

 

Cash proceeds received from sale

   $ 55,000   

Less Actimmune assets sold:

  

Inventories, net

     (1,729

Less direct transaction costs:

  

Legal and financial

     (1,936
  

 

 

 

Gain

   $ 51,335   
  

 

 

 

 

4. FAIR VALUE

In accordance with portions of ASC Topic No. 820, the following table represents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets (cash, cash equivalents and investments, including accrued interest of approximately $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

 

September 30, 2012

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Money market funds

   $ 27,534       $ —         $ —         $ 27,534   

Obligations of government-sponsored enterprises

     —           183,102         —           183,102   

Corporate debt securities

     —           39,351         —           39,351   

Commercial paper

     —           16,847         —           16,847   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 27,534       $ 239,300       $ —         $ 266,834   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

11


Table of Contents

December 31, 2011

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Money market funds

   $ 82,693       $ —         $ —         $ 82,693   

Obligations of government-sponsored enterprises

     —           140,887         —           140,887   

Corporate debt securities

     —           31,815         —           31,815   

Commercial paper

     —           36,985         —           36,985   

Municipal bond

     —           4,510         —           4,510   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 82,693       $ 214,197       $ —         $ 296,890   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The fair value of Level 1 assets have been determined using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

To estimate the fair value of Level 2 debt securities as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company’s primary pricing service relied on inputs from multiple industry-recognized pricing sources to determine the price for each investment. In addition, we estimate the fair values of our government sponsored enterprises, corporate debt securities, municipal bond and commercial paper by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income- and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities; issuer credit spreads; benchmark securities; prepayment/default projections based on historical data; and other observable inputs. Based on a review of the results of this analysis, we utilized our primary pricing service for all Level 2 debt securities as none of these securities tested outside of the tolerable levels.

The fair value of our long-term convertible debt is based on quoted prices for those instruments using readily available market information. As of September 30, 2012, the fair value of our $155.3 million 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2018 (“2018 Notes”) was $118.8 million and the fair value of our $85.0 million 5.0% convertible senior notes due 2015 (“2015 Notes”) was $84.1 million. As of December 31, 2011, the fair value of our 2018 Notes was $112.6 million and the fair value of our 2015 Notes was $84.1 million.

 

5. AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE INVESTMENTS

The following is a summary of our available-for-sale investments,including certain securities classified as cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

 

     Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value  

September 30, 2012

          

Obligations of government-sponsored enterprises

   $ 183,048       $ 55       $ (1   $ 183,102   

Money market funds

     27,534         —           —          27,534   

Commercial paper

     16,847         —           —          16,847   

Corporate debt securities

     39,257         94         —          39,351   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 266,686       $ 149       $ (1   $ 266,834   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value  

December 31, 2011

          

Obligations of government-sponsored enterprises

   $ 140,848       $ 48       $ (9   $ 140,887   

Money market funds

     82,693         —           —          82,693   

Commercial paper

     36,983         2         —          36,985   

Corporate debt securities

     31,788         35         (8     31,815   

Municipal bond

     4,510         —           —          4,510   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 296,822       $ 85       $ (17   $ 296,890   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Realized gains and losses and declines in value, judged to be other than temporary, on available-for-sale securities are included in other income (expense) for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. Realized gains were calculated based on the specific identification method and were not material for each of the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011. Unrealized holding gains and losses on securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.

 

12


Table of Contents

The following is a summary of the amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities, including certain securities classified as cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2012 by contractual maturity (in thousands):

 

     September 30, 2012  
     Amortized
Cost
     Fair Value  

Mature in less than one year

   $ 227,602       $ 227,743   

Mature in one to three years

     39,084         39,091   

Mature in over three years

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 266,686       $ 266,834   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

6. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

In connection with our continuing expansion efforts, we now conduct business throughout Europe in several currencies, including the euro, Swiss franc and British pound, among others. Therefore, we are exposed to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit the exposure related to foreign currency changes, we enter into foreign currency contracts. We do not enter into such contracts for trading or speculative purposes. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we established a foreign currency hedging program.

We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on assets and liabilities such as foreign currency receivables and payables. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments. Gains and losses on the contracts are included in other income (expense) and substantially offset foreign exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of intercompany balances or other current assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity. Our net gains from entering into derivative financial instruments not designated as hedges in the first nine months of 2012 was zero. The notional value of our outstanding currency hedges at September 30, 2012 was approximately 13.0 million euros and the fair value of these outstanding derivatives at September 30, 2012 was zero.

Our foreign exchange forward contracts expose us to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. We do, however, seek to mitigate such risks by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored. We do not generally require collateral to be pledged under these agreements. Management does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.

 

7. ACQUIRED PRODUCT RIGHTS

Marnac, Inc./KDL GmbH (Pirfenidone)

In 2002, we licensed from Marnac and its co-licensor, KDL, their worldwide rights (excluding Japan, Korea and Taiwan) to develop and commercialize pirfenidone for all fibrotic diseases, including renal, liver and pulmonary fibrosis. Under the agreement terms, we received an exclusive license from Marnac and KDL in exchange for an up-front cash payment of $18.8 million and future milestone and up to 9% royalty payments. Effective November 2007, we entered into asset purchase agreements with Marnac and KDL whereby we effectively terminated the prior license agreement by purchasing, among other things, the pirfenidone-related assets covered by such prior license agreement. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreements, we made payments of approximately $13.7 million. We also made a milestone payment of $13.5 million in March 2009 in connection with our decision to proceed with regulatory approval for pirfenidone. In March 2011, we received authorization to market Esbriet (pirfenidone) in the European Union and made a milestone payment of $20.0 million in the aggregate to Marnac and KDL and have capitalized such payment as acquired product rights. This asset is being amortized to cost of goods sold over the estimated useful life of Esbriet of twenty years and we incurred approximately $0.8 million of amortization expense in the first nine months of 2012. Amortization expense for each of the next five years is expected to be $1.0 million per year. A future contingent payment of up to an additional $20.0 million is required to be made by us only if positive Phase 3 data and product approval in the United States is achieved. The asset purchase agreements do not affect the rights to pirfenidone in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, which rights are licensed by Marnac and KDL to Shionogi & Company LTD (“Shionogi”). Since the original 2002 license agreement has been effectively terminated as a result of our acquisition of such pirfenidone-related assets from Marnac and KDL, we no longer have milestone or royalty obligations thereunder.

 

13


Table of Contents

The following table reflects our acquired product rights under these agreements (in thousands):

 

     September 30,
2012
     December 31,
2011
 

Gross carrying amount

   $ 20,000       $ 20,000   

Accumulated amortization

     1,500         750   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net carrying amount

   $ 18,500       $ 19,250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contingent Payments

We may be required to make contingent milestone payments to the owners of our licensed products or the suppliers of our drug compounds in accordance with our license, commercialization and collaboration agreements in the aggregate amount of $32.5 million if all of the milestones per the agreements are achieved. These milestones include development, regulatory approval, commercialization and sales milestones. Of the remaining $32.5 million in future aggregate milestone payments, $20.0 million in contingent payments would be made by us only if positive Phase 3 data and product approval in the United States is achieved for pirfenidone. Included in the $32.5 million in future aggregate milestone payments are aggregate milestone payments of $11.3 million payable to Array and Novartis, of which Roche has agreed to reimburse us in connection with our sale of danoprevir to Roche.

Indemnity Agreement

On or about March 22, 2000, we entered into an Indemnity Agreement with W. Scott Harkonen M.D., who served as the Company’s chief executive officer until September 30, 2003. The Indemnity Agreement obligates us to hold harmless and indemnify Dr. Harkonen against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), witness fees, damages, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and any other amounts Dr. Harkonen becomes legally obligated to pay because of any claim or claims made against him in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, arbitrational, administrative or investigative, to which Dr. Harkonen is a party by reason of the fact that he was a director, officer, employee or other agent of the Company. The Indemnity Agreement establishes exceptions to our indemnification obligation, including but not limited to claims “on account of [Dr. Harkonen’s] conduct that is established by a final judgment as knowingly fraudulent or deliberately dishonest or that constituted willful misconduct,” claims “on account of [Dr. Harkonen’s] conduct that is established by a final judgment as constituting a breach of [Dr. Harkonen’s] duty of loyalty to the Corporation or resulting in any personal profit or advantage to which [Dr. Harkonen] was not legally entitled,” and claims “for which payment is actually made to [Dr. Harkonen] under a valid and collectible insurance policy.” The Indemnity Agreement, however, obligates us to advance all expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by Dr. Harkonen in connection with such proceedings, subject to an undertaking by Dr. Harkonen to repay said amounts if it shall be determined ultimately that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company.

Dr. Harkonen was named as a defendant in certain civil action lawsuits instituted against us where the various complaints that were filed alleged that we fraudulently misrepresented the medical benefits of Actimmune for the treatment of IPF and promoted Actimmune for IPF. Ultimately, these complaints were dismissed. However, Dr. Harkonen also became the target of the investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice regarding the promotion and marketing of Actimmune. On March 18, 2008, a federal grand jury indicted Dr. Harkonen on two felony counts related to alleged improper promotion and marketing of Actimmune during the time Dr. Harkonen was employed by us (the “Criminal Action”). The trial in the criminal case resulted in a jury verdict on September 29, 2009, finding Dr. Harkonen guilty of one count of wire fraud related to a press release issued on August 28, 2002, and acquitting him of a second count of a misbranding charge brought under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. On April 13, 2011, the Court denied Dr. Harkonen’s post-trial motions and sentenced Dr. Harkonen to three years of probation, including six months of home detention, 200 hours of community service and a fine of $20,000. The Court’s Judgment was filed on April 18, 2011. Dr. Harkonen filed a timely notice of appeal and currently is appealing his conviction and sentence. The government is pursuing a cross-appeal regarding Dr. Harkonen’s sentence. Briefing is complete and oral argument is scheduled for December 6, 2012. Under the terms of the Indemnity Agreement, we have an obligation to indemnify Dr. Harkonen for reasonable legal fees and costs incurred in connection with defending this action, including the proceedings on appeal.

Prior to December 2008, insurers that issued directors & officers (“D&O”) liability insurance to the Company had advanced all of Dr. Harkonen’s expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action. Those insurers included National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA (“AIG”), Underwriters at Lloyd’s, London (“Lloyd’s”), and Continental Casualty Company (“CNA”). On November 19, 2008, however, the insurer that issued a $5 million D&O insurance policy providing coverage excess of the monetary limits of coverage provided by AIG, Lloyd’s and CNA, Arch Specialty Insurance Company (“Arch”), advised the Company that the limits of the underlying coverage were expected to be depleted by approximately December 15, 2008;

 

14


Table of Contents

that Arch “disclaim[ed] coverage” based on misstatements and misrepresentations allegedly made by Dr. Harkonen in documents provided in the application for the Arch policy and the underlying Lloyd’s policy; and that, based on that disclaimer, Arch would not be advancing any of Dr. Harkonen’s expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action.

As a result of Arch’s disclaimer of coverage and refusal to advance expenses, including attorneys’ fees, the Company had, as of approximately December 15, 2008, become obligated to advance such expenses incurred by Dr. Harkonen in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action.

On January 13, 2009, we submitted to the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) a Demand for Arbitration, InterMune, Inc. v. Arch Specialty Insurance Co., No. 74 194 01128 08 JEMO. Dr. Harkonen also is a party to the Arbitration. The Demand for Arbitration sought an award compelling Arch to advance Dr. Harkonen’s legal fees and costs incurred in the civil action lawsuits and the Criminal Action, and to advance other former officers’ legal fees and costs incurred in relation to the Department of Justice investigation.

The matter was heard by the arbitration panel and on May 29, 2009, the arbitration panel issued an Interim Arbitration Award granting our request for a partial award requiring Arch to advance Dr. Harkonen’s legal fees and costs incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action. Arch subsequently advanced such fees and costs, including fees and costs previously paid by the Company. The question whether Arch ultimately will be required to cover the advanced fees and costs or, instead, may recoup those fees and costs as not covered by its policy, has not been determined. Unless and until the arbitration panel rules that such fees and costs are not covered, Arch remains obligated to advance such fees and costs. At this time, we believe no change to the status of the interim Arbitration Award or to the application of the D&O liability insurance in general has occurred due to the trial court judgment, and, therefore, we have not recorded any accrued liabilities associated with this matter.

In late 2009, Arch advised us that Arch had exhausted the $5.0 million limit of liability of the Arch D&O insurance policy, and that defense cost invoices submitted to Arch collectively exceed the Arch policy’s limit. The Company therefore advised the insurer that issued a $5.0 million D&O insurance policy providing coverage for the excess of the monetary limits of coverage provided by Arch, Old Republic Insurance Company (“Old Republic”), that the limits of the underlying coverage had been depleted, and we submitted invoices for legal services rendered on behalf of Dr. Harkonen and other individuals who were targets of the U.S. Department of Justice’s investigation to Old Republic for payment. Old Republic agreed to advance Dr. Harkonen’s legal fees and costs incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action, but declined to reimburse us for payments made on behalf of other individuals who were targets of the U.S. Department of Justice’s investigation. In mid-2010, Old Republic advised us that Dr. Harkonen’s defense fees and costs had exhausted the $5 million limit of the Old Republic insurance policy as of the second quarter of 2010. There is no additional insurance coverage available to cover the cost of Dr. Harkonen’s continuing defense. Defense fees and costs incurred over and above this final $5 million of insurance coverage therefore are, in the absence of any available insurance, to be advanced by us pursuant to the terms of the Indemnity Agreement. We expect amounts to be paid by us to continue into the future until the Criminal Action is finally adjudicated, however we are unable to predict what our total liability could be with any degree of certainty.

Shionogi

In March 2012, following discussions between Shionogi & Co., Ltd (“Shionogi”) and us, Shionogi demanded that we agree that Shionogi is entitled to royalty payments on our net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in Europe, based on Shionogi’s interpretation of our May 2004 agreement with Shionogi (as amended). On July 5, 2012, Shionogi filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Shionogi’s complaint alleges principally that we breached that agreement with Shionogi governing the exchange and use of certain documents and information relating to the parties’ respective clinical trials of pirfenidone. The complaint alleges that we breached the agreement by utilizing certain of Shionogi’s information in our Marketing Authorization Application and other submissions for pirfenidone with the EMA and then failing to pay royalties to Shionogi on net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. In the alternative, the complaint alleges that, if we did not use Shionogi’s information in a way that would trigger a royalty obligation under the agreement, we had an obligation to do so as an exclusive licensee. Shionogi is seeking, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and a declaration that we are obligated to pay royalties to Shionogi on net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. While we strongly disagree that we owe any such royalties and intend to defend our position vigorously, an unfavorable outcome in the litigation with Shionogi could require that we pay royalties or make other payments to Shionogi.

 

15


Table of Contents
9. DISCLOSURES ABOUT SEGMENTS OF AN ENTERPRISE AND RELATED INFORMATION

We have determined that, in accordance with ASC Topic No. 280, we operate in one segment, because operating results are reported only on an aggregate basis to our chief operating decision makers. We currently market and sell Esbriet in Europe for the treatment of IPF, of which substantially all revenue is derived from Germany since the initial launch in September 2011. Revenue from sales of Actimmune has been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented and therefore is not included in the figures below. See also note 3.

Our revenue and trade receivables are concentrated with a few customers. We perform credit evaluations on our customers’ financial condition and limit the amount of credit extended. However, we generally do not require collateral on accounts receivable. Concentrations of credit risk, with respect to accounts receivable, exist to the extent of amounts presented in the financial statements. Two customers represented approximately 44% of total trade accounts receivable at September 30, 2012, and one customer represented approximately 12% at December 31, 2011. No other customer represented more than 10% of accounts receivable at September 30, 2012 or December 31, 2011.

Revenue from customers representing 10% or more of total product revenue during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, was as follows:

 

     Nine Months
Ended
 
     September 30,  

Customer

   2012     2011  

Phoenix Pharmahandel GmbH & Co.

     25     —  

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the Report) contains certain information regarding our financial projections, plans and strategies that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements involve substantial risks and uncertainty. You can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “could,” “should,” “continue” or the negative of such terms or similar words or expressions. These forward-looking statements may also use different phrases.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include, among other things, statements which address our strategy and operating performance and events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including, but not limited to, statements in the discussions about:

 

   

product and product candidate development;

 

   

the market or markets for our products or product candidates;

 

   

the ability of our products to treat patients in our markets;

 

   

the ability to achieve certain pricing and reimbursement levels for our product in various countries in the European Union and elsewhere;

 

   

timing and expectations of the timing of enrollment in our ASCEND clinical trial, expected enrollment completion dates and announcement of clinical results from our ASCEND clinical trial;

 

   

timing and expectations of when our products or product candidates may be marketed or made available to patients in various jurisdictions;

 

   

opportunities to establish development or commercial alliances;

 

16


Table of Contents
   

commercial launch preparations, including the timing of launches in the various European Union jurisdictions and the implementation of the infrastructure required for the commercial launches;

 

   

the scope and enforceability of our intellectual property rights, including the anticipated durations of patent protection and marketing exclusivity in the European Union, United States and other jurisdictions, and including claims that we or our collaborators may infringe third party intellectual property rights or otherwise be required to pay license fees and or royalties under such third party rights;

 

   

our expectations regarding the complaint Shionogi filed against us alleging principally that we breached our agreement with Shionogi governing the exchange and use of certain documents and information relating to the parties’ respective clinical trials of pirfenidone;

 

   

governmental regulation and approval;

 

   

requirement of additional funding to complete research and development and commercialize products;

 

   

liquidity and sufficiency of our cash resources;

 

   

future revenue, including those from product sales and collaborations, adequacy of revenue reserve levels, future expenses, future financial performance and trends;

 

   

our future research and development expenses and other expenses; and

 

   

our operational and legal risks.

You should also consider carefully the statements under the heading “Risk Factors” below, which address additional factors that could cause our results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed in this Report, including those discussed in this Report under the heading “Risk Factors” below. Because of the factors referred to above, as well as the factors discussed in this Report under the heading “Risk Factors” below, could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. When used in the Report, unless otherwise indicated, “InterMune,” “we,” “our” and “us” refers to InterMune, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable. These estimates are the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, which in turn may impact our reported revenue and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially change the financial statements. We believe there have been no significant changes during the nine month period ended September 30, 2012 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

17


Table of Contents

Company Overview

We are a biotechnology company focused on the research, development and commercialization of innovative therapies in pulmonology and orphan fibrotic diseases. We have an advanced-stage product candidate in pulmonology, pirfenidone, that was granted marketing authorization effective February 2011 in all 27 member countries of the European Union (“EU”) for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (“IPF”). Pirfenidone has since been approved for marketing in Norway, Iceland and, most recently as of October 2012, in Canada.

On June 19, 2012, we completed the divestiture of our worldwide development and commercialization rights to the pharmaceutical product containing Interferon Gamma-1b sold by us under the tradename Actimmune® for $55.0 million in cash, plus certain conditional royalty payments for a period of two years following the closing. Such divestiture was consummated pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2012, that we entered into with Vidara Therapeutics International Limited, an Irish company, Vidara Therapeutics Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and Vidara Therapeutics Research Limited, an Irish company. The operating results of our Actimmune activities have been reclassified as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

Pirfenidone (Esbriet®)

Pirfenidone is an orally active, small molecule compound under development for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In September 2011, we launched commercial sales of pirfenidone in Germany under the trade name Esbriet®, and Esbriet® is now also commercially available in Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden. We are continuing to prepare for the commercial launch of Esbriet® in the other countries in the EU as well as in Canada where we expect to make Esbriet available by January 1, 2013. On September 11, 2012, we announced that we were granted reimbursement for Esbriet in France wherein we expect to commence commercial launch in the second half of November 2012. In addition, we have been granted reimbursement in Belgium, effective December 1, 2012, and plan to launch Esbriet there in early 2013. With respect to Italy, subject to EU country reimbursement timelines, we currently expect to conclude the pricing and reimbursement process in December 2012 and to launch Esbriet in Italy as soon as practicable after the process is successfully concluded and various authorizations are secured. With respect to Spain, considering a Royal Decree introduced in 2012 affecting health care expenditures and pharmaceuticals and the continuing economic challenges of the country, we currently anticipate that a decision regarding pricing and reimbursement of Esbriet in Spain will occur in the first half of 2013. Furthermore, we currently plan to conclude the discussions with the authorities in the United Kingdom in the first quarter of 2013, and, depending on the outcome of such discussions, make Esbriet available in the United Kingdom as soon as practicable thereafter if appropriate. In addition to launches in the remaining so called “Top 5” EU countries, we expect to launch Esbriet in the Netherlands, Finland and Ireland in the first half of 2013 assuming that acceptable pricing and reimbursement conditions are negotiated in these countries.

To support our commercialization efforts of Esbriet in Europe, we have invested significantly and continue to invest in the establishment of a commercial infrastructure within the EU, including an increase to our employee headcount in that region. On December 17, 2010, we announced several additions to our senior leadership team in support of our commercialization efforts as well as announcing the establishment of our European headquarters in Reinach, Switzerland, subsequently moved to Muttenz, Switzerland in early 2012. In December 2010, we transferred all of our non-U.S. rights to research, develop and commercialize pirfenidone for IPF to our wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary, InterMune International AG. Based on our current intellectual property portfolio, we expect to have exclusive rights to sell pirfenidone within the European Union through 2030.

We are also pursuing the registration of pirfenidone to treat IPF in the United States. After reviewing various regulatory and clinical development options and following our discussions with the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), we commenced an additional pivotal Phase 3 clinical study of pirfenidone in IPF in July 2011, known as the ASCEND trial. The results of the ASCEND trial are expected to supplement the existing Phase 3 clinical study data from our CAPACITY clinical trials to support the registration of pirfenidone to treat IPF in the United States. We expect to complete clinical enrollment of the ASCEND trial around the end of 2012 and that results from the study will be available in the first half of 2014.

Results of Operations

Revenue

Total revenue was $7.5 million and $0.1 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, total revenue was $18.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively, representing an increase of 567%. Revenue for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2012 consists solely of Esbriet product sales, primarily in Germany, following the launch in that country in September 2011. Revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 consists of Esbriet product sales and collaboration revenue from Roche as a reimbursement for research services performed.

 

18


Table of Contents

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold included product manufacturing costs, distribution costs, inventory write-downs and amortization of acquired product rights. Cost of goods sold were $2.0 million and $0.4 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, total cost of goods sold were $6.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Cost of goods sold for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 consists solely of costs related to Esbriet.

Research and development expenses

Research and development (R&D) expenses were $26.2 million and $17.0 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, representing an increase of $9.2 million, or 54%. R&D expenses were $74.6 million and $54.0 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, representing an increase of $20.6 million, or 38%. The increases primarily reflect the commencement of the ASCEND trial in July 2011.

The following tables list our current product development programs and the research and development expenses recognized in connection with each program during the indicated periods. The category title “Programs—Non-specific” is comprised of facilities and personnel costs that are not allocated to a specific development program or discontinued programs, and $3.5 million and $4.5 million of stock-based compensation in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our management reviews each of these program categories in evaluating our business. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with developing our products, as well as the risks and uncertainties associated with potential commercialization of our product candidates, see the Risk Factors below including those under the headings “Risks Related to the Development of Our Products and Product Candidates.”

The following chart shows the status of our product development programs as of September 30, 2012:

 

     Preclinical      Phase I    Phase II    Phase III  

Pulmonology

           

Pirfenidone - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

              X

Hepatology**

           

Next generation protease inhibitors

     X            

NS5A inhibitors

     X            

Our development program expenses for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 were as follows (in thousands):

 

    

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

 

Development Program

   2012      2011  

Pulmonology

   $ 58,794       $ 34,271   

Hepatology**

     —           2,668   

Programs — Non-specific

     15,759         17,028   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 74,553       $ 53,967   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  * Granted marketing authorization for Esbriet in the European Union effective February 2011.
** No further investments in hepatology are planned.

Historically, the largest component of our total operating expense was our ongoing investment in research and development and, in particular, the clinical development of our product pipeline. The process of conducting the clinical research necessary to obtain FDA approval is costly and time consuming. Current FDA requirements for a new human drug to be marketed in the United States include:

 

   

the successful conclusion of preclinical laboratory and animal tests, if appropriate, to gain preliminary information on the product’s safety;

 

   

the submission of an IND with the FDA to conduct human clinical trials for drugs;

 

19


Table of Contents
   

the successful completion of adequate and well-controlled human clinical investigations to establish the safety and efficacy of the product for its recommended use; and

 

   

the submission by a company and acceptance and approval by the FDA of an NDA or BLA for a drug product to allow commercial distribution of the drug.

In light of the factors mentioned above, we consider the active management and development of our clinical pipeline to be crucial to our long-term success. The actual probability of success for each candidate and clinical program may be impacted by a variety of factors, including, among others, the quality of the candidate, the validity of the target and disease indication, early clinical data, investment in the program, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. Due to these factors, it is difficult to give accurate guidance on the anticipated proportion of our research and development investments or the future cash inflows from these programs. In addition, due to these same factors and others, we are unable to reasonably estimate the efforts needed and, therefore, the costs we will incur to complete any of our projects or the estimated time to complete such projects. We are also unable to provide costs incurred for specific research and development projects within each major development program as well as the cumulative costs incurred to date given that we do not maintain specific financial records to this level of detail. However, a substantial majority of our resources have been invested in our pirfenidone project and, prior to our divesture, former danoprevir project in order to advance them into Phase 3 and Phase 2 clinical development, respectively. The remaining projects within our hepatology research programs are dormant and no longer receive any funding.

The actual probability of success for each candidate and clinical program may be impacted by a variety of factors, including, among others, the quality of the candidate, the validity of the target and disease indication, early clinical data, investment in the program, competition, manufacturing capability and overall safety and efficacy profile as ultimately decided upon by the FDA. Due to these factors, we believe it is difficult to give accurate guidance on the anticipated proportion of our research and development investments or the future cash inflows from these programs. In addition, due to these same factors and others, we are unable to reasonably estimate the efforts needed and, therefore, the costs we will incur to complete any of our projects or the estimated time to complete such projects.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $23.8 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2012 and $23.7 million for the same period in 2011. SG&A expenses were $75.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 and $62.7 million for the same period in 2011, an increase of $13.0 million, or 21%. The increased spending for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 compared with the same period in 2011 is attributed to the creation of our European infrastructure and investments in the pre-commercial launch and commercial launch of Esbriet in Europe, including but not limited to additional headcount.

Interest income

Interest income was $0.1 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2012, compared to $0.1 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2011. Interest income was $0.5 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 and $0.4 million for the same period in 2011. The slight difference reflected modest yields on our cash and short-term investments resulting from our conservative investment portfolio.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased to $2.0 million in the three-month period ended September 30, 2012 from $1.3 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2011. Interest expense also increased to $6.5 million in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 from $4.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011. These increases are the result of our issuance in September 2011 of $155.3 million aggregate principal amount of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2018.

Discontinued operations

The $51.3 million gain from discontinued operations reflects the divestiture of our worldwide development and commercialization rights to Actimmune for $55.0 million in cash, partially offset by transaction costs and the value of inventory. The components of the income from discontinued operations include Actimmune revenue, net, as well as cost of goods sold and certain specific general and administrative costs for each of the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011.

 

20


Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At September 30, 2012, we had available cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities of $351.4 million compared to $425.1 million at December 31, 2011. The decrease of $73.7 million was primarily driven by the use of cash for our operations, partially offset by the $55.0 million in proceeds received from our divestiture of Actimmune in June 2012. In addition, in September 2011, we completed a registered underwritten public offering of 4.6 million shares of our common stock and a concurrent registered underwritten public offering of $155.3 million aggregate principal amount of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2018. The aggregate net proceeds from these concurrent offerings were approximately $255.0 million. The proceeds from these offerings and our Actimmune divestiture are being used to support the establishment of our EU commercial infrastructure and the commercial launch of Esbriet in the EU, conducting our ASCEND trial as well as for general working capital purposes. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2012, together with anticipated cash flows from sales of Esbriet will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses, debt obligations and capital requirements under our current business plan through at least the next 12 months. Some of these available cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third party financial institutions and consist of invested cash and cash in our core operating accounts. The invested cash is invested in interest bearing funds managed by third party financial institutions. We can provide no assurances that access to our invested cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. In addition, at any point in time we could have balances that exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. While we monitor the cash balances in our operating accounts on a regular basis, these cash balances could be impacted and we may be unable to access our cash if the underlying financial institutions fail or if we become subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. To date we have not experienced a lack of access to cash in any of our third party financial institution accounts.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximize yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we invest our excess cash in debt instruments of the U.S. federal and state governments and their agencies and high-quality corporate issuers, and, by policy, restrict our exposure by imposing concentration limits and credit worthiness requirements for all corporate issuers.

Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities was $128.3 million during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012, comprised primarily of a net loss of $91.5 million and an increase in inventories of $4.6 million, primarily consisting of purchases and production of Esbriet inventory. Details concerning the loss from operations can be found above in this Report under the heading “Results of Operations.”

Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities was $44.0 million during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012, comprised primarily of proceeds from the divestiture of Actimmune, as well as sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities of $302.8 million, partially offset by purchases of $311.3 million of available-for-sale securities.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities of $2.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 was due to the issuance of stock to our employees under our employee benefit plans.

 

21


Table of Contents

We expect to incur net losses in the near term as we continue our commercialization and commercial launch activities in the EU, continue the development of pirfenidone for approval in the United States with the ongoing ASCEND study, continue our research in the area of orphan fibrotic diseases, and continue to grow our operational capabilities. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2012, together with anticipated cash flows from sales of Esbriet will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses, debt obligations and capital requirements under our current business plan through at least the next 12 months. This forward-looking statement involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary as a result of a number of factors, including the factors discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” This forward-looking statement is also based upon our current plans and assumptions, which may change, and our capital requirements, which may increase in future periods. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

 

   

capital requirements related to our commercialization and commercial launch activities of Esbriet for the European Union jurisdictions, including the expansion of our commercial infrastructure and related personnel and facility expenses;

 

   

the timing and financial requirements of the ongoing Phase 3 clinical study of pirfenidone in the U.S. (ASCEND);

 

   

sales of Esbriet or any of our product candidates in development that receive commercial approval;

 

   

pricing and reimbursement decisions from third-payors for Esbriet, particularly state-run payors in the EU;

 

   

our ability to partner our programs or products;

 

   

the progress of our research and development efforts;

 

   

the scope and results of preclinical studies and clinical trials;

 

   

the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory reviews;

 

   

determinations as to the commercial potential of our product candidates in development;

 

   

the costs, timing and outcome of our legal proceeding with Shionogi;

 

   

the pace of expansion of administrative expenses;

 

   

the status of competitive products and competitive barriers to entry;

 

   

the establishment and maintenance of manufacturing capacity through third-party manufacturing agreements;

 

   

the establishment of collaborative relationships with other companies;

 

   

the payments of annual interest on our long-term debt; and

 

   

the timing and size of payments we may receive from potential collaboration agreements.

As a result, we may require substantial additional capital and may attempt to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings, collaborative arrangements with corporate partners or from other sources. We have no commitments for such fund raising activities at this time. Furthermore, additional funding may not be available to finance our operations when needed or, if available, the terms for obtaining such funds may not be favorable or may result in dilution to our stockholders.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

With the exception of standard operating leases, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, including the use of structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This ASU gives an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. We retrospectively adopted ASU No. 2011-05 on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this new guidance did not have an effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, statement of operations or cash flows.

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. This ASU is the result of joint efforts by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to develop a single, converged fair value framework. While this ASU is largely consistent with existing fair value measurement principles in U.S. GAAP, it expands ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurement existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and makes other amendments. Many of these amendments were made to eliminate unnecessary wording differences between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, which could change how fair value measurement guidance in ASC 820 is applied. We prospectively adopted ASU No. 2011-04 on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this new guidance did not have an effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, statement of operations or cash flows.

 

22


Table of Contents
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged, are classified as available-for-sale and are, due to their short-term nature, subject to minimal interest rate risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. Because of the short-term maturities of our investments, we do not believe that a change in market rates would have a significant negative impact on the value of our investment portfolio.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments in a variety of securities, including obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, and money market funds. These securities are classified as available for sale and consequently are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Substantially all investments mature within approximately two years from the date of purchase. Our holdings of the securities of any one issuer, except obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, do not exceed 10% of the portfolio. If interest rates rise, the market value of our investments may decline, which could result in a realized loss if we are forced to sell an investment before its scheduled maturity. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risks.

The table below presents the original principal amounts and weighted-average interest rates by year of maturity for our investment portfolio as of September 30, 2012 by effective maturity (in millions, except percentages):

 

     2012     2013     2014      2015     2016 and
Beyond
    Total     Fair Value at
September 30,
2012
 

Assets:

               

Available-for-sale securities

   $ 111,3      $ 155.7        —           —          —        $ 267.0      $ 266.8   

Average interest rate

     0.2     0.4     —           —          —          0.3     —     

Liabilities:

               

5.0% convertible senior notes due 2015

     —          —          —         $ 85.0        —        $ 85.0      $ 84.1   

Average interest rate

     —          —          —           5.0     —          5.0     —     

2.5% convertible senior notes due 2018

     —          —          —           —        $ 155.3      $ 155.3      $ 118.8   

Average interest rate

     —          —          —           —          2.5     2.5     —     

Foreign Currency Market Risk

In connection with our continuing expansion efforts, we now conduct business throughout Europe in several currencies, including the euro, Swiss franc and British pound, among others. Therefore, we are exposed to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. To limit the exposure related to foreign currency changes, we enter into foreign currency contracts. The Company does not enter into such contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on assets and liabilities such as foreign currency receivables and payables. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments. Gains and losses on the contracts are included in other income (expense) and substantially offset foreign exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of intercompany balances or other current assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the reporting entity.

Our foreign exchange forward contracts expose us to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreement. We do, however, seek to mitigate such risks by limiting our counterparties to major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored. Management does not expect material losses as a result of defaults by counterparties.

 

23


Table of Contents
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, or “disclosure controls.” This controls evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Disclosure controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed to reasonably ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon the controls evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as a result of the matters discussed below with respect to our internal control over financial reporting, our disclosure controls were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and our board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of published financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2012, the end of the period covered by this report. As a result of this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2012. In making our assessment of internal control over financial reporting, we used the criteria issued in the report Internal Control-Integrated Framework by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

CEO and CFO Certifications

Attached as exhibits to this Report, there are “Certifications” of the CEO and the CFO required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications. This Controls and Procedures section of the Report includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications and it should be read in conjunction with the Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

Limitations on the effectiveness of controls.

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our control systems will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within InterMune have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met and, as set forth above, our CEO and CFO have concluded, based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system were met.

 

24


Table of Contents

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Indemnity Agreement

On or about March 22, 2000, we entered into an Indemnity Agreement with W. Scott Harkonen M.D., who served as the Company’s chief executive officer until June 30, 2003. The Indemnity Agreement obligates us to hold harmless and indemnify Dr. Harkonen against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), witness fees, damages, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and any other amounts Dr. Harkonen becomes legally obligated to pay because of any claim or claims made against him in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, arbitrational, administrative or investigative, to which Dr. Harkonen is a party by reason of the fact that he was a director, officer, employee or other agent of the Company. The Indemnity Agreement establishes exceptions to our indemnification obligation, including but not limited to claims “on account of [Dr. Harkonen’s] conduct that is established by a final judgment as knowingly fraudulent or deliberately dishonest or that constituted willful misconduct,” claims “on account of [Dr. Harkonen’s] conduct that is established by a final judgment as constituting a breach of [Dr. Harkonen’s] duty of loyalty to the Corporation or resulting in any personal profit or advantage to which [Dr. Harkonen] was not legally entitled,” and claims “for which payment is actually made to [Dr. Harkonen] under a valid and collectible insurance policy.” The Indemnity Agreement, however, obligates us to advance all expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by Dr. Harkonen in connection with such proceedings, subject to an undertaking by Dr. Harkonen to repay said amounts if it shall be determined ultimately that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company.

Dr. Harkonen was named as a defendant in certain civil action lawsuits instituted against us where the various complaints that were filed alleged that we fraudulently misrepresented the medical benefits of Actimmune for the treatment of IPF and promoted Actimmune for IPF. Ultimately, these complaints were dismissed. However, Dr. Harkonen also became the target of the investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice regarding the promotion and marketing of Actimmune. On March 18, 2008, a federal grand jury indicted Dr. Harkonen on two felony counts related to alleged improper promotion and marketing of Actimmune during the time Dr. Harkonen was employed by us (the “Criminal Action”). The trial in the criminal case resulted in a jury verdict on September 29, 2009, finding Dr. Harkonen guilty of one count of wire fraud related to a press release issued on August 28, 2002, and acquitting him of a second count of a misbranding charge brought under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. On April 13, 2011, the Court denied Dr. Harkonen’s post-trial motions and sentenced Dr. Harkonen to three years of probation, including six months of home detention, 200 hours of community service and a fine of $20,000. The Court’s Judgment was filed on April 18, 2011. Dr. Harkonen filed a timely notice of appeal and currently is appealing his conviction and sentence. The government is pursuing a cross-appeal regarding Dr. Harkonen’s sentence. Briefing is complete and oral argument is scheduled for December 6, 2012. Under the terms of the Indemnity Agreement, we have an obligation to indemnify Dr. Harkonen for reasonable legal fees and costs incurred in connection with defending this action, including the proceedings on appeal.

Prior to December 2008, insurers that issued directors & officers (“D&O”) liability insurance to the Company had advanced all of Dr. Harkonen’s expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action. Those insurers included National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA (“AIG”), Underwriters at Lloyd’s, London (“Lloyd’s”), and Continental Casualty Company (“CNA”). On November 19, 2008, however, the insurer that issued a $5 million D&O insurance policy providing coverage excess of the monetary limits of coverage provided by AIG, Lloyd’s and CNA, Arch Specialty Insurance Company (“Arch”), advised the Company that the limits of the underlying coverage were expected to be depleted by approximately December 15, 2008; that Arch “disclaim[ed] coverage” based on misstatements and misrepresentations allegedly made by Dr. Harkonen in documents provided in the application for the Arch policy and the underlying Lloyd’s policy; and that, based on that disclaimer, Arch would not be advancing any of Dr. Harkonen’s expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action.

As a result of Arch’s disclaimer of coverage and refusal to advance expenses, including attorneys’ fees, the Company had, as of approximately December 15, 2008, become obligated to advance such expenses incurred by Dr. Harkonen in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action.

On January 13, 2009, we submitted to the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) a Demand for Arbitration, InterMune, Inc. v. Arch Specialty Insurance Co., No. 74 194 01128 08 JEMO. Dr. Harkonen also is a party to the Arbitration. The Demand for Arbitration sought an award compelling Arch to advance Dr. Harkonen’s legal fees and costs incurred in the civil action lawsuits and the Criminal Action, and to advance other former officers’ legal fees and costs incurred in relation to the Department of Justice investigation.

 

25


Table of Contents

The matter was heard by the arbitration panel and on May 29, 2009, the arbitration panel issued an Interim Arbitration Award granting our request for a partial award requiring Arch to advance Dr. Harkonen’s legal fees and costs incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action. Arch subsequently advanced such fees and costs, including fees and costs previously paid by the Company. The question whether Arch ultimately will be required to cover the advanced fees and costs or, instead, may recoup those fees and costs as not covered by its policy, has not been determined. Unless and until the arbitration panel rules that such fees and costs are not covered, Arch remains obligated to advance such fees and costs. At this time, we believe no change to the status of the interim Arbitration Award or to the application of the D&O liability insurance in general has occurred due to the trial court judgment, and, therefore, we have not recorded any accrued liabilities associated with this matter.

In late 2009, Arch advised us that Arch had exhausted the $5.0 million limit of liability of the Arch D&O insurance policy, and that defense cost invoices submitted to Arch collectively exceed the Arch policy’s limit. The Company therefore advised the insurer that issued a $5.0 million D&O insurance policy providing coverage for the excess of the monetary limits of coverage provided by Arch, Old Republic Insurance Company (“Old Republic”), that the limits of the underlying coverage had been depleted, and we submitted invoices for legal services rendered on behalf of Dr. Harkonen and other individuals who were targets of the U.S. Department of Justice’s investigation to Old Republic for payment. Old Republic agreed to advance Dr. Harkonen’s legal fees and costs incurred in the civil action lawsuits and Criminal Action, but declined to reimburse us for payments made on behalf of other individuals who were targets of the U.S. Department of Justice’s investigation. In mid-2010, Old Republic advised us that Dr. Harkonen’s defense fees and costs had exhausted the $5 million limit of the Old Republic insurance policy as of the second quarter of 2010. There is no additional insurance coverage available to cover the cost of Dr. Harkonen’s continuing defense. Defense fees and costs incurred over and above this final $5 million of insurance coverage therefore are, in the absence of any available insurance, to be advanced by us pursuant to the terms of the Indemnity Agreement. We expect amounts to be paid by us to continue into the future until the Criminal Action is finally adjudicated, however we are unable to predict what our total liability could be with any degree of certainty.

Shionogi

In March 2012, following discussions between Shionogi & Co., Ltd (“Shionogi”) and us, Shionogi demanded that we agree that Shionogi is entitled to royalty payments on our sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in Europe, based on Shionogi’s interpretation of our May 2004 agreement with Shionogi (as amended). On July 5, 2012, Shionogi filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Shionogi’s complaint alleges principally that we breached that agreement with Shionogi governing the exchange and use of certain documents and information relating to the parties’ respective clinical trials of pirfenidone. The complaint alleges that we breached the agreement by utilizing certain of Shionogi’s information in our Marketing Authorization Application and other submissions for pirfenidone with the EMA and then failing to pay royalties to Shionogi on net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. In the alternative, the complaint alleges that, if we did not use Shionogi’s information in a way that would trigger a royalty obligation under the agreement, we had an obligation to do so as an exclusive licensee. Shionogi is seeking, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and a declaration that we are obligated to pay royalties to Shionogi on net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. We strongly disagree with Shionogi’s claims and intend to defend our position vigorously.

 

26


Table of Contents
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common stock is risky. Stockholders and potential purchasers of shares of our stock should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to other information and risk factors in this Quarterly Report. We are identifying these risk factors as important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any written or oral forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of InterMune. We are relying upon the safe harbor for all forward-looking statements in this Report, and any such statements made by or on behalf of InterMune are qualified by reference to the following cautionary statements, as well as to those set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Risks Related to Our Dependence on Pirfenidone

We are dependent on the commercial success of Esbriet (pirfenidone) for the treatment of IPF in the European Union and on the regulatory approval of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF in the United States and other countries, which may never occur.

We commenced operations in 1998 and have incurred significant losses to date. Prior to launching commercial sales of Esbriet in Germany in September 2011 and making Esbriet commercially available in Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden in the first nine months of 2012, our revenue was limited primarily to sales of Actimmune derived from physicians’ prescriptions for the off-label use of Actimmune in the treatment of IPF and from upfront license fees and milestone payments in connection with our collaboration with Roche. On June 19, 2012, we completed the divestiture of our worldwide development and commercialization rights to Actimmune. In October 2010, we sold to Roche all of our worldwide rights to danoprevir and terminated our collaboration with Roche from which we had derived our collaboration revenue. As a result, our future success is currently dependent on the regulatory and commercial success of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF primarily in the EU and the United States. Effective February 2011, Esbriet (pirfenidone) was granted marketing authorization for commercial use in the 27 EU member states for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate IPF, and Esbriet has since been approved for marketing in Norway, Iceland and, most recently in October 2012, in Canada; however, pirfenidone is still under investigation for the treatment of IPF in the United States and has not been approved by the FDA.

We launched commercial sales of Esbriet in Germany in September 2011 and made Esbriet commercially available in Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden in the first nine months of 2012. On September 11, 2012, we announced that we were granted reimbursement for Esbriet in France wherein we expect to commence commercial launch in the second half of November 2012. We have also been granted reimbursement in Belgium effective December 1, 2012 and plan to launch Esbriet there in early 2013. With respect to Italy, subject to EU country reimbursement timelines, we currently expect to conclude the pricing and reimbursement process in December 2012 and to launch Esbriet in Italy as soon as practicable after the process is successfully concluded and various authorizations are secured. With respect to Spain, considering a Royal Decree introduced in 2012 affecting health care expenditures and pharmaceuticals and the continuing economic challenges of the country, we currently anticipate that a decision regarding pricing and reimbursement of Esbriet in Spain will occur in the first half of 2013. Furthermore, we currently plan to conclude the discussions with the authorities in the United Kingdom in the first quarter of 2013, and, depending on the outcome of such discussions, make Esbriet available in the United Kingdom as soon as practicable thereafter if appropriate. In addition to launches in the remaining so called “Top 5” EU countries, we expect to launch Esbriet in the Netherlands, Finland and Ireland in the first half of 2013 assuming that acceptable pricing and reimbursement conditions are negotiated in these countries.

Because we do not currently have a product candidate other than pirfenidone in clinical development, our future success is dependent on building a commercial operation in Europe to successfully commercialize Esbriet in the EU, obtaining regulatory approval from the FDA to market pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF in the United States, and, if approved by the FDA, successfully commercializing pirfenidone in the United States. If we do not successfully commercialize Esbriet in the EU and/or receive regulatory approval in the United States for pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF, our ability to generate additional revenue will be jeopardized and, consequently, our business will be seriously harmed. We may not succeed in our commercial efforts in the EU, or, if approved by the FDA, in the United States, or we may never receive regulatory approval in the United States for pirfenidone, any of these will have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. In the near term, we may experience delays and unforeseen difficulties in the launch of Esbriet in one or more of the European Union member states, including as a result of obtaining unfavorable pricing and/or reimbursement, which could negatively affect our stock price. We may also experience delays in obtaining regulatory approval in the United States for pirfenidone, if it is approved at all and our stock price may be negatively affected.

In addition, we anticipate incurring additional expenses and utilizing significant existing cash resources as we continue our commercialization efforts and commercial launch preparations for Esbriet, conduct our Phase 3 ASCEND trial to support the approval of pirfenidone to treat IPF in the United States and continue to grow our operational capabilities, particularly in the EU. This represents a significant investment in the regulatory and commercial success of pirfenidone, which is uncertain.

 

27


Table of Contents

We may also fail to develop future product candidates for the reasons stated in “Risks Related to the Development of Our Products and Product Candidates.” If this were to occur, we will continue to be dependent on the successful commercialization of pirfenidone, our development costs may increase and our ability to generate revenue could be impaired.

We have initiated the ASCEND Phase 3 clinical trial to support potential FDA approval of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF, the results of which may fail to demonstrate to the FDA sufficient efficacy of pirfenidone and may have a negative effect on sales of Esbriet in the European Union.

We have evaluated our clinical development options to gain FDA approval of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF within the United States and initiated an additional Phase 3 clinical trial known as the “ASCEND” trial during the second quarter of 2011. We do not have a Special Protocol Assessment, or SPA, in place with the FDA for the ASCEND trial, and the results of this Phase 3 clinical trial, together with the results of our CAPACITY trials, may not be satisfactory to the FDA to support approval of pirfenidone. The ASCEND trial is a 52 week trial with a forced vital capacity, or FVC, primary endpoint. In our meeting with the FDA in March 2011 relating to our plans for the ASCEND trial, the FDA indicated that it would prefer a trial with a longer duration (72 weeks) if designed with a FVC endpoint. While the FDA indicated that a 52 week trial with a FVC endpoint could support approval, the FDA further indicated that a trial with a FVC endpoint would need to provide supportive evidence of an effect on mortality. Consistent with our prior interactions with the FDA in connection with our CAPACITY clinical trials, the FDA indicated a preference for a mortality endpoint.

Whether data from our ASCEND trial when combined with the data from our CAPACITY trials will be sufficient to obtain FDA approval of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF will depend on the results from the trial and be the subject of review by the FDA at the time of our anticipated NDA resubmission. If the results of the ASCEND trial are not satisfactory to the FDA to support regulatory approval of pirfenidone in the United States, then we will not be able to sell Esbriet in the United States, and sales of Esbriet in the EU may be negatively affected. Additionally, as in any clinical trial, discovery of unknown problems with pirfenidone in the ASCEND trial could negatively impact the approved safety and efficacy profile and result in possible reduced sales or product withdrawal in the EU. Because of our dependence on the commercial success of Esbriet in the EU, a negative outcome in the ASCEND trial or a negative regulatory outcome by the FDA could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects. For additional risks related to clinical studies and government regulations, see the risks under “Risks Related to Government Regulation and Approval of Our Products and Product Candidates.”

Risks Related to the Commercialization of Our Products and Product Candidates

Our revenue from sales of Esbriet in the European Union is dependent upon the pricing and reimbursement guidelines adopted in each of the various countries in the European Union, which levels may fall well below our current expectations.

We have currently priced Esbriet in Germany and France as well as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden and have developed estimates of anticipated pricing in other countries in Europe. These estimates are our expectations, which are based upon the lethal nature of IPF, the lack of any approved therapies for IPF, the Orphan Drug designation of Esbriet, our perception of the overall cost benefit of Esbriet and the current pricing in the EU of therapies with a similar product profile, such as treatments for pulmonary hypertension. However, due to efforts to provide for containment of health care costs, one or more EU countries may not support our estimated level of governmental pricing and reimbursement for Esbriet, particularly in light of the budget crises faced by a number of countries in the EU, which would negatively impact anticipated revenue from Esbriet in the EU. For example, in December 2011, the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (the “IQWiG”), a non-profit private foundation established in Germany to provide advisory evaluations of the benefits and costs of medical interventions to Germany’s Federal Joint Committee (the “G-BA”), published its report on the benefit assessment of Esbriet concluding that there is no additional benefit of pirfenidone for the treatment of mild to moderate IPF. We subsequently submitted a detailed response to the IQWiG concerning the assumptions and methodology applied by the IQWiG in its assessment, and, in March 2012, the G-BA concluded that Esbriet does provide additional benefit (not quantifiable) for the treatment of mild to moderate IPF. On July 23, 2012, we announced the early conclusion of negotiations for the reimbursement price of Esbriet® (pirfenidone) in Germany such that effective September 15, 2012 and until September 15, 2014, the net ex-factory Esbriet price in Germany will be 26,999 €, or approximately $33,000 per patient per year, representing an approximate 10% discount from the current price. Such pricing is subject to the rules of the German Act on the Reform of the Market for Medicinal Products which provide that terms for an orphan drug must be re-evaluated following the drug’s costs to the German health system of 50 million Euros in any 12-month period. Therefore, upon the earlier of such re-evaluation or September 15, 2014, the G-BA may lower its reimbursement guidelines with respect to Esbriet necessitating that we lower our pricing of Esbriet, which would also negatively impact anticipated revenue from Esbriet in Germany.

 

28


Table of Contents

In addition, in April 2012, the Transparency Commission of the French National Health Authority, the French agency responsible for assessing medicinal products and advising the health authorities on whether those products provide sufficient benefit to be covered by French National Health Insurance, issued a favorable opinion for the reimbursement of Esbriet® by French National Health Insurance. The Transparency Commission noted that no other treatment provided evidence of a clinical benefit in IPF and considering all available information, Esbriet was granted an Amélioration du Service Medical Rendu (ASMR) rating of level IV. ASMR is a rating of added clinical value in comparison with existing therapies. The Transparency Commission focused on the risk/benefit ratio for assessing the actual medical benefit (SMR), and rated it as “Low.” In general the recommended reimbursement rate by France’s National Social Security for a product with “Low” SMR rating is 15%. However, diseases requiring a long-term, expensive treatment may be classified as ALD (Affection de Longue Duree – Long Term Diseases) in France. With respect to ALD, patients are fully reimbursed by the National Social Security for most costs related to these diseases (hospitalizations, lab tests, medicines, etc.), regardless of the SMR rating for such medicines (as long as it is not a SMR rating of “Insufficient”). The ALD program covers more than 100 specific diseases, reported either in an explicit list of 30 disease categories or in an additional “catch all” category for other serious, expensive diseases lasting more than six months. Examples of the broad disease categories are cancers, cystic fibrosis and multiple sclerosis. The official list of illnesses classified as ALD is reviewed annually by the government and the determination of whether a patient in France has an ALD will be made by the patient’s physician in collaboration with the health authority. Most orphan diseases are directly or indirectly recognized as ALD. IPF is not included on the explicit list of the 30 diseases classified as ALD. We expect that IPF will fall into the ALD “catch all” category for other serious, expensive diseases lasting more than six months. If the criteria for the “catch all” category changes and/or if IPF does not qualify as an ALD, IPF patients may not be fully reimbursed for the use of Esbriet for the treatment of IPF which may lead to decrease in Esbriet utilization and negatively impact our ability to generate revenue from Esbriet sales in France.

Finally, while we were awarded reimbursement in Sweden, it was limited to the sub-population of patients with a predicted FVC lower than 80%. While we deem these restrictions in Sweden as limiting only modestly the overall business potential of Esbriet in Europe and worthwhile considering the favorable price achieved, they may result in the pursuit by other European countries of a similar approach and a higher loss of Esbriet volume than anticipated, which would negatively impact revenue from Esbriet in such countries.

An unfavorable outcome following the pricing and reimbursement review period in any country in the EU may result in lower than expected pricing and reimbursement guidelines in such country as well as the other countries in the EU, which would adversely impact the anticipated revenue from Esbriet in the EU.

Expansion of our commercial infrastructure in the European Union is a significant undertaking that requires substantial financial and managerial resources, and we may not be successful in our efforts. We may also continue to encounter unexpected or unforeseen delays in establishing a commercial infrastructure in the European Union, which may negatively impact our timing of and ability to launch our commercial efforts for Esbriet.

Effective February 2011, the European Commission granted marketing authorization for Esbriet (pirfenidone) in adults for the treatment of mild to moderate IPF. The approval authorizes marketing of Esbriet in all 27 EU member states. We launched commercial sales of Esbriet in Germany in September 2011 and made Esbriet commercially available in Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden in the first nine months of 2012 and we expect to commence commercial launch in France in the second half of November 2012. In addition, we have been granted reimbursement in Belgium, effective December 1, 2012 and plan to launch Esbriet there in early 2013. With respect to Italy, subject to EU country reimbursement timelines, we currently expect to conclude the pricing and reimbursement process in December 2012 and to launch Esbriet in Italy as soon as practicable after the process is successfully concluded and various authorizations are secured. With respect to Spain, considering a Royal Decree introduced in 2012 affecting health care expenditures and pharmaceuticals and the continuing economic challenges of the country, we currently anticipate that a decision regarding pricing and reimbursement of Esbriet in Spain will occur in the first half of 2013. Furthermore, we currently plan to conclude the discussions with the authorities in the United Kingdom in the first quarter of 2013, and, depending on the outcome of such discussions, make Esbriet available in the United Kingdom as soon as practicable thereafter if appropriate. In addition to launches in the remaining so called “Top 5” EU countries, we expect to launch Esbriet in the Netherlands, Finland and Ireland in the first half of 2013 assuming that acceptable pricing and reimbursement conditions are negotiated in these countries. A commercial launch of this size is a significant undertaking that requires substantial financial and managerial resources. To support our anticipated marketing efforts in Europe, we are currently working to expand our commercial infrastructure within the EU, including an increase to our employee headcount in that region and the establishment of our European headquarters in Muttenz, Switzerland. Further, in December 2010, we transferred all of our non-U.S. rights to research, develop and commercialize pirfenidone for IPF to our wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary, InterMune International AG. However, in order to successfully launch our commercial operations, we will need to increase the number of our managerial, operational, financial and other employees in the EU, which will

 

29


Table of Contents

require additional financial resources and require significant management attention. We may not be successful in establishing a commercial operation in the EU (including, but not limited to, failing to attract, retain and motivate the necessary skilled personnel and failing to develop a successful marketing strategy), the effect of which will have a negative outcome on our ability to commercialize Esbriet and generate revenue from the sale of Esbriet.

Additionally, we may encounter further unexpected or unforeseen delays in establishing our commercial operations that delay the launch of our commercial operations in one or more EU member states. These further delays may further increase the cost of and the resources required for successful commercialization of Esbriet in the EU. Given our limited commercial history, we do not have significant experience in a commercial launch of this size.

Even if regulatory authorities approve our products or product candidates for the treatment of the diseases that we are targeting, our products may not be marketed or commercially successful.

The development of our products and product candidates is an expensive process, and we anticipate that the annual cost of treatment for the diseases for which we are seeking approval will be significant. These costs will vary for different diseases based on the dosage and method of administration. Accordingly, we may decide not to market any of our products or product candidates for an approved disease because we believe that it may not be commercially successful. Market acceptance of and demand for our products and product candidates, including Esbriet in the EU, will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

 

   

cost of treatment;

 

   

pricing and availability of alternative products;

 

   

our ability to obtain third-party coverage or reimbursement for our products or product candidates to treat a particular disease;

 

   

perceived efficacy relative to other available therapies;

 

   

shifts in the medical community to new treatment paradigms or standards of care;

 

   

relative convenience and ease of administration; and

 

   

prevalence and severity of adverse side effects associated with treatment.

In addition, we still are only in the early stages of our commercial sales of Esbriet in Germany and have only just begun our commercial sales in Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden and continue to have limited information with regard to the market acceptance of Esbriet. As a result, we may have to revise our estimates regarding the acceptance of Esbriet under our current pricing structure, reevaluate and/or change the current pricing for Esbriet. For more information, please see the risk factor above titled “Our revenue from sales of Esbriet in the European Union is dependent upon the pricing and reimbursement guidelines adopted in each of the various countries in the European Union, which levels may fall well below our current expectations.”

The pricing and profitability of our products may be subject to control by the government and other third-party payors, and if third-party payors do not provide coverage or reimburse patients for Esbriet or our other current or future products, our revenue and prospects for profitability will suffer.

The pricing and profitability of our products may be subject to control by the government and other third-party payors. In many foreign markets, the pricing and/or profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals are subject to governmental control. In the United States, we expect that there will continue to be federal and state proposals to implement similar governmental controls, such as the omnibus healthcare reform legislation recently adopted by the U.S. government. As a result, our ability to successfully commercialize Esbriet or other product candidates for particular diseases, is highly dependent on the extent to which coverage and reimbursement for such products is available from:

 

   

private health insurers, including managed care organizations;

 

   

governmental payors, such as state-run payors in the EU, as well as federal programs/payors such as Medicaid, the U.S. Public Health Service Agency and Veterans’ Administration; and

 

   

other third-party payors.

The continuing efforts of governmental and other third-party payors to contain or reduce the cost of healthcare through various means may adversely affect our ability to successfully commercialize our products. If governmental and other third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement levels for Esbriet, or our other current or future products, market acceptance of our products will be reduced, and our sales will suffer. For example, on July 23, 2012, we announced the early conclusion of negotiations

 

30


Table of Contents

for the reimbursement price of Esbriet® (pirfenidone) in Germany such that effective September 15, 2012 and until September 15, 2014, the net ex-factory Esbriet price in Germany will be 26,999 €, or approximately $33,000 per patient per year, representing an approximate 10% discount from the current price. Such pricing is subject to the rules of the German Act on the Reform of the Market for Medicinal Products which provide that terms for an orphan drug must be re-evaluated following the drug’s costs to the German health system of 50 million Euros in any 12-month period. Therefore, upon the earlier of such re-evaluation or September 15, 2014, the G-BA may lower its reimbursement guidelines with respect to Esbriet necessitating that we lower our pricing of Esbriet, which would also negatively impact revenue from Esbriet in Germany. Although we cannot predict the full effects on our business of the implementation of the healthcare reform bill in the United States, it is possible that this legislation or other similar legislation will result in decreased reimbursement for prescription drugs, which may further exacerbate industry-wide pressure to reduce the prices charged for prescription drugs. In addition, increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States will continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical products. These new and any future cost-control initiatives could decrease the price that we would receive for Esbriet, if approved for use in the United States, or any other products that we may develop in the future, which would reduce our revenue and potential profitability.

If we are found to have breached our agreement with Shionogi or if it is otherwise determined that we are obligated to make royalty payments on sales of Esbriet in the European Union to Shionogi, our expenses associated with sales of Esbriet in the European Union will increase and our ability to generate net income from Esbriet sales will be adversely affected.

On July 5, 2012, Shionogi filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Shionogi’s complaint alleges principally that we breached our May 2004 agreement with Shionogi (as amended) governing the exchange and use of certain documents and information relating to the parties’ respective clinical trials of pirfenidone. The complaint alleges that we breached the agreement by utilizing certain of Shionogi’s information in our MAA and other submissions for pirfenidone with the EMA and then failing to pay royalties to Shionogi on net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. In the alternative, the complaint alleges that, if we did not use Shionogi’s information in a way that would trigger a royalty obligation under the agreement, we had an obligation to do so as an exclusive licensee. Shionogi is seeking, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and a declaration that we are obligated to pay royalties to Shionogi for all sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. While we disagree that we owe any such royalties and intend to defend our position vigorously, an unfavorable outcome in the litigation or in any negotiations with Shionogi could require that we pay royalties or make other payments to Shionogi, which would increase our expenses associated with sales of Esbriet in the EU and adversely affect our ability to generate net income.

The activities of competitive drug companies, or others, may limit our products’ revenue potential or render them obsolete.

Our commercial opportunities will be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop or market products that, compared to our products or product candidates:

 

   

are more effective;

 

   

have fewer or less severe adverse side effects;

 

   

are better tolerated;

 

   

have better patient compliance;

 

   

receive better reimbursement terms;

 

   

are more accepted by physicians;

 

   

are more adaptable to various modes of dosing;

 

   

have better distribution channels;

 

   

are easier to administer; or

 

   

are less expensive, including but not limited to a generic version of pirfenidone.

Even if we are successful in developing effective drugs, our products may not compete effectively with our competitors’ current or future products. We expect that Esbriet may compete in the EU and, if approved by the FDA in the U.S., may compete with other products that are being developed for the treatment of IPF, including possible generic versions of pirfenidone in the U.S., EU and potentially other markets following the expiration of, or in the absence of market exclusivity. Pirfenidone has no composition of

 

31


Table of Contents

matter patent protection. Unless we have (i) Orphan Drug designation, (ii) data exclusivity protection or (iii) other types of patent protection in a particular jurisdiction, we may face competition from a lower cost generic version of pirfenidone in such a jurisdiction. In addition, there are many pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, public and private universities, government agencies and research organizations actively engaged in research and development of products, some of which may target the same indications as our product candidates. For example, in December 2010, Gilead entered into an agreement to acquire Arresto gaining Gilead access to Arresto’s Phase 1 humanized monoclonal antibody compound, AB0024, currently in clinical development for the treatment of IPF. Additionally, Boehringer Ingelheim, or BI, has recently presented phase 2 data for BIBF-1120, a triple kinase inhibitor that has showed some potential efficacy at high doses in IPF. BI has publicly posted its Phase 3 trial design for BIBF-1120 in IPF and patient enrollment is complete. Furthermore, there are seven products in various stages of phase 2 development for IPF, including CC-4047 and CC-930 from Celgene, CNTO-888 from Janssen (J&J), FG-3019 from Fibrogen, GC-1008 from Sanofi, QAX-576 from Novartis and STX-100 from Biogen Idec (acquirer of Stromedix)). Finally, the PANTHER trial, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and evaluating NAC (N-acetylcysteine) (a generic drug) versus placebo, is underway and completed its enrollment. If the results of such trial is positive, NAC, especially given that it is a generic drug, may create strong competition, especially in Europe, and create pressure on volume and prices of our Esbriet franchise. Our competitors include larger, more established, fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies that have substantially greater capital resources, existing competitive products, larger research and development staffs and facilities, greater experience in drug development and in obtaining regulatory approvals and greater marketing capabilities than we do.

Risks Related to the Development of Our Products and Product Candidates

Drug development is a long, expensive and uncertain process, and delay or failure can occur at any stage of any of our clinical trials.

To gain approval to market a product for the treatment of a specific disease, we must provide the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities with clinical data that adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of that product for the intended indication applied for in the NDA or respective regulatory file. Drug development is a long, expensive and uncertain process, and delay or failure can occur at any stage of any of our clinical trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including biotechnology companies, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after promising results in earlier preclinical or clinical trials. These setbacks have been caused by, among other things, preclinical findings made while clinical studies were underway and safety or efficacy observations made in clinical studies. Success in preclinical testing and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and the results of clinical trials by other parties may not be indicative of the results in trials we may conduct. For example, in March 2007, we terminated our development of Actimmune for patients with IPF as a result of our decision to discontinue the INSPIRE trial on the recommendation of the study’s independent DMC. For specific risks related to the pirfenidone development program, please see the risk factor titled “If our clinical trials fail to demonstrate to the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities that any of our products or product candidates are safe and effective for the treatment of particular diseases, the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may require us to conduct additional clinical trials or may not grant us marketing approval for such products or product candidates for those diseases” below.

We do not know whether future clinical trials will be initiated, or will be completed on schedule, or at all.

The commencement or completion of any of our clinical trials may be delayed, halted, or discontinued for numerous reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

   

patients do not enroll in clinical trials at the rate we expect;

 

   

the FDA or other regulatory authorities do not approve a clinical trial protocol or place a clinical trial on clinical hold;

 

   

we may not be able to identify or develop a product candidate that can be successful for clinical development;

 

   

patients experience adverse side effects or unsafe toxicity levels;

 

   

patients withdraw or die during a clinical trial for a variety of reasons, including adverse events associated with the advanced stage of their disease and medical problems that may or may not be related to our products or product candidates;

 

   

the interim results of the clinical trial are inconclusive or negative;

 

   

our trial design, although approved, is inadequate to demonstrate safety and/or efficacy;

 

   

third-party clinical investigators do not perform our clinical trials on our anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical trial protocol and good clinical practices or other third-party organizations do not perform data collection and analysis in a timely or accurate manner;

 

32


Table of Contents
   

our contract laboratories fail to follow good laboratory practices; or

 

   

sufficient quantities of the trial drug are not available.

In particular, we have experienced a delay and may continue to experience further delays in the completion of our enrollment in our ASCEND clinical trial resulting from lower than anticipated patient enrollment. Our development costs will further increase if we have further material delays in our current clinical trials for pirfenidone or if we need to perform more or larger clinical trials than as may be initially planned for future product candidates. If there are any significant delays for any of our other current or planned clinical trials, our business, financial condition, financial results and the commercial prospects for our products and product candidates will be harmed, and our prospects for profitability will be impaired.

In addition, delays or discontinuations of our clinical trials could require us to cease development efforts of a product candidate in part or altogether, which will harm our business or financial condition and the commercial prospects for such product and product candidate.

Risks Related to Government Regulation and Approval of our Products and Product Candidates

If our clinical trials fail to demonstrate to the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities that any of our products or product candidates are safe and effective for the treatment of particular diseases, the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may require us to conduct additional clinical trials or may not grant us marketing approval for such products or product candidates for those diseases.

We are not permitted to market our product candidates in the United States until we receive approval of an NDA from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from such countries. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate for a target indication, we must demonstrate with evidence gathered in preclinical and well-controlled clinical trials, and, with respect to approval in the United States, to the satisfaction of the FDA and, with respect to approval in other countries, similar regulatory authorities in those countries, that the product candidate is safe and effective for use for that target indication and that the manufacturing facilities, processes and controls are adequate. Our failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of any of our products or product candidates for the treatment of particular diseases may delay or prevent our receipt of the FDA’s and foreign regulatory authorities’ approval and, ultimately, may prevent commercialization of our products and product candidates for those diseases. The FDA and foreign regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in deciding whether, based on the benefits and risks in a particular disease, any of our products or product candidates should be granted approval for the treatment of that particular disease. Even if we believe that a clinical trial or trials has demonstrated the safety and statistically significant efficacy of any of our products or product candidates for the treatment of a disease, the results may not be satisfactory to the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities. Preclinical and clinical data can be interpreted by the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities, including their advisory committees, in different ways, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. In addition, even if advisory committees to the FDA recommend approval of our product candidates, such recommendations are non-binding and the FDA may not approve our NDA for the product candidates. For example, nine of the twelve members of the Pulmonary-Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee, or PADAC, of the FDA recommended approval of pirfenidone to reduce decline in lung function in patients with IPF. However, notwithstanding the PADAC approval recommendation, we subsequently received a Complete Response Letter from the FDA requesting an additional clinical trial to support the efficacy of pirfenidone. If regulatory delays are significant or regulatory approval is limited or denied altogether, our financial results and the commercial prospects for those of our products or product candidates involved will be harmed, and our prospects for profitability will be significantly impaired.

Our CAPACITY trials were conducted without a SPA with the FDA. The FDA’s SPA process creates a written agreement between the sponsoring company and the FDA regarding clinical study design and other clinical study issues that can be used to support approval of a product candidate. We did not obtain a SPA agreement with the FDA and therefore there was no assurance that the results would provide a sufficient basis in the view of the FDA for the FDA to grant regulatory approval of a new drug application for pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF. In addition, while the FDA will consider and approve NDAs based on various endpoints, the FDA had indicated that mortality is the ideal endpoint for IPF clinical trials. We designed and conducted CAPACITY 1 and CAPACITY 2 based on FVC change as the primary endpoint, as opposed to mortality. The FDA had advised us that they were uncertain as to what would constitute a clinically meaningful treatment effect of pirfenidone on this endpoint and reviewed the effect of pirfenidone not only based on FVC change but also based on the totality of the data, including the effect of pirfenidone on all of the specified efficacy endpoints as well as the safety data to help determine the risk-benefit profile of pirfenidone in IPF patients. The

 

33


Table of Contents

primary endpoint of FVC change was met with statistical significance in CAPACITY 2 but not in CAPACITY 1. Therefore, we did not replicate the efficacy of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF in a second pivotal study. Moreover, because the data base for the Shionogi Phase 3 study was not included in our NDA, the FDA did not consider this study to support the efficacy of pirfenidone. Rather the adequacy of our application to support the efficacy of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF was determined by the FDA during the review of our NDA. While in our view the totality of the data from CAPACITY 1 and CAPACITY 2 support the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in IPF, the FDA disagreed with our view and decided that such data does not adequately support approval of our NDA filing and issued to us a Complete Response Letter on May 4, 2010 requesting an additional clinical trial to support the efficacy of pirfenidone in IPF. We began a new Phase 3 clinical study, the ASCEND trial, during the second quarter of 2011. We did not obtain a SPA agreement with the FDA with respect to the ASCEND trial. The results of this Phase 3 clinical trial may not be satisfactory to the FDA to receive regulatory approval. For additional information related to the risk of the new Phase 3 clinical study, please see the risk factor under the caption “Risks Related to Our Dependence on Pirfenidone—We have initiated the ASCEND Phase 3 clinical trial to support potential FDA approval of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF, the results of which may fail to demonstrate to the FDA sufficient efficacy of pirfenidone and may have a negative effect on sales of Esbriet in the European Union.”

We are subject to extensive and rigorous governmental regulation, including the requirement of FDA or other regulatory approval before our products and product candidates may be lawfully marketed.

Both before and after the approval or our product candidates and product, we, our product candidates, our product, our operations, our facilities, our suppliers, and our contract manufacturers, contract research organizations, and contract testing laboratories are subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries, with regulations differing from country to country. In the United States, the FDA regulates, among other things, the pre-clinical testing, clinical trials, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, potency, labeling, storage, record keeping, quality systems, advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of therapeutic products. Failure to comply with applicable requirements could result in, among other things, one or more of the following actions: notices of violation, untitled letters, warning letters, fines and other monetary penalties, unanticipated expenditures, delays in approval or refusal to approve a product candidate; product recall or seizure; interruption of manufacturing or clinical trials; operating restrictions; injunctions; and criminal prosecution. We or the FDA, or an institutional review board, may suspend or terminate human clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Any failure to receive the marketing approvals necessary to commercialize our product candidates could harm our business.

The regulatory review and approval process of governmental authorities is lengthy, expensive and uncertain, and regulatory standards may change during the development of a particular product candidate. We are not permitted to market our product candidates in the United States or other countries until we have received requisite regulatory approvals. The FDA review process typically takes significant time to complete and approval is never guaranteed. If a product is approved, the FDA may limit the indications for which the product may be marketed, require extensive warnings on the product labeling, impose restricted distribution programs, require expedited reporting of certain adverse events, or require costly ongoing requirements for post-marketing clinical studies and surveillance or other risk management measures to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. Markets outside of the United States such as the EU also have requirements for approval of drug candidates with which we must comply prior to marketing. Obtaining regulatory approval for marketing of a product candidate in one country does not ensure we will be able to obtain regulatory approval in other countries, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in other countries. Also, any regulatory approval of any of our products or product candidates, once obtained, may be withdrawn.

The FDA has increased its attention to product safety concerns in light of recent high profile safety issues with certain drug products, in the United States. Moreover, heightened Congressional scrutiny on the adequacy of the FDA’s drug approval process and the agency’s efforts to assure the safety of marketed drugs has resulted in proposed agency initiatives and new legislation addressing drug safety issues. If adopted, any new legislation or agency initiatives could result in delays or increased costs during the period of product development, clinical trials and regulatory review and approval, as well as increased costs to assure compliance with any new post-approval regulatory requirements. These restrictions or requirements could require us to conduct costly studies.

In addition, we, our suppliers, our operations, our facilities, our contract manufacturers, our contract research organizations, and our contract testing laboratories are required to comply with extensive FDA requirements both before and after approval of our products. For example, we are required to report certain adverse reactions and production problems, if any, to the FDA, and to comply with certain requirements concerning advertising and promotion for our product candidates and our products. Also, quality control and manufacturing procedures must continue to conform to current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, regulations after approval, and the FDA periodically inspects manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP. Accordingly, we and others with whom we work must continue to expend time, money, and effort in all areas of regulatory compliance, including manufacturing, production, and quality control. In addition, discovery of safety issues may result in changes in labeling or restrictions on a product manufacturer or NDA holder, including removal of the product from the market.

 

34


Table of Contents

Our failure or alleged failure to comply with federal, state and foreign laws governing anti-kickback, false claims and anti-corruption could result in civil and/or criminal sanctions and/or harm our business.

If we market a future product in the United States, we will be subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to health care “fraud and abuse” including anti-kickback laws and false claims laws. Subject to certain exceptions, the anti-kickback laws make it illegal for a prescription drug manufacturer to knowingly and willfully solicit, offer, receive or pay any remuneration in exchange for, or to induce, the referral of business, including the purchase or prescription of a particular drug. The federal government has published regulations that identify “safe harbors” or exemptions for certain payment arrangements that do not violate the anti-kickback statutes. Due to the breadth of the statutory provisions and the absence of guidance in the form of regulations or court decisions addressing some of our practices, it is possible that our practices might be challenged under anti-kickback or similar laws. False claims laws prohibit anyone from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, for payment to third party payors (including Medicare and Medicaid) claims for reimbursed drugs or services that are false or fraudulent, claims for items or services not provided as claimed or claims for medically unnecessary items or services. Our activities relating to the reporting of wholesaler or estimated retail prices for our products, the reporting of Medicaid rebate information and other information affecting federal and state and third-party payment for our products, and the sale and marketing of our products, could become subject to scrutiny under these laws. In addition, pharmaceutical companies have been prosecuted under the False Claims Act in connection with their “off-label” promotion of drugs.

We are subject to similar laws in foreign countries where we conduct business. For example, within the EU, the control of unlawful marketing activities is a matter of national law in each of the member states. The member states of the EU closely monitor perceived unlawful marketing activity by companies. We could face civil, criminal and administrative sanctions if any member state determines that we have breached our obligations under its national laws. Industry associations also closely monitor the activities of member companies. If these organizations or authorities name us as having breached our obligations under their regulations, rules or standards, our reputation would suffer and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and anti-corruption laws, and similar laws in foreign countries, such as the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, which became effective on July 1, 2011. In general, there is a worldwide trend to strengthen anticorruption laws and their enforcement. Any violation of these laws by us or our agents or distributors could create a substantial liability for us, subject our officers and directors to personal liability and also cause a loss of reputation in the market. Becoming familiar with and implementing the infrastructure necessary to comply with laws, rules and regulations applicable to new business activities and mitigate and protect against corruption risks could be quite costly. In addition, failure by us or our agents or distributors to comply with these laws, rules and regulations could delay our expansion and could adversely affect our business.

If we are alleged to have violated, or are convicted of violating, these laws, there could be a material adverse effect on us, including a substantial fine, decline in our stock price, or both. Our activities could be subject to challenge for the reasons discussed above and due to the broad scope of these laws and the increasing attention being given to them by law enforcement authorities.

Risks Related to Manufacturing and Our Dependence on Third Parties

The manufacturing and manufacturing development of our products and product candidates present technological, logistical and regulatory risks, each of which may adversely affect our potential revenue.

The manufacturing and manufacturing development of pharmaceuticals are technologically and logistically complex and heavily regulated by the FDA and other governmental authorities. The manufacturing and manufacturing development of our products and product candidates present many risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

   

It may not be technically feasible to scale up an existing manufacturing process to meet demand or such scale-up may take longer than anticipated; and

 

   

Failure to comply with strictly enforced good manufacturing practices regulations and similar foreign standards may result in delays in product approval or withdrawal of an approved product from the market. For example, the FDA has conducted routine inspections of our manufacturing contractors, and some were issued a standard “notice of observations.” Failure to correct any deficiency could result in manufacturing delays.

Any of these factors could delay clinical trials, regulatory submissions and/or commercialization of our products for particular diseases, interfere with current sales, entail higher costs and result in our being unable to effectively sell our product and, in the future, our product candidates.

 

35


Table of Contents

Our manufacturing strategy, which relies on third-party manufacturers, exposes us to additional risks as a result of which we may lose potential revenue.

We do not have the resources, facilities or experience to manufacture our product or any of our product candidates ourselves. Completion of our clinical trials and commercialization of our products requires access to, or development of, manufacturing facilities that meet FDA standards to manufacture a sufficient supply of our products. The FDA, the EU and foreign regulatory authorities must approve facilities that manufacture our products for commercial purposes, as well as the manufacturing processes and specifications for the product. We depend on third parties for the manufacture of our product candidates for preclinical and clinical purposes, and we rely on third parties with FDA-approved manufacturing facilities for the manufacture of Esbriet for commercial purposes. We have a long-term supply contract Signa C.V. and ACIC Fine Chemicals Inc. for Esbriet active pharmaceutical ingredient and a contract with Catalent for the manufacture of the drug product for Esbriet. However, if we do not perform our obligations under these agreements, these agreements may be terminated.

Our manufacturing strategy for our products and product candidates presents many risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

   

If market demand for our products is less than our purchase obligations to our manufacturers, we may incur substantial penalties and substantial inventory write-offs.

 

   

Manufacturers of our product and our product candidates are subject to ongoing periodic inspections by the EU, FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with strictly enforced good manufacturing practices regulations and similar foreign standards, and we do not have control over our third-party manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards.

 

   

When we need to change third party manufacturers of a particular pharmaceutical product, the EU, FDA and foreign regulatory authorities must approve the new manufacturers’ facilities and processes prior to our use or sale of products it manufactures for us. This requires demonstrated compatibility of product, process and testing and compliance inspections. Delays in transferring manufacturing technology between third parties could delay clinical trials, regulatory submissions and commercialization of our product candidates.

 

   

Our manufacturers might not be able or may refuse to fulfill our commercial or clinical trial needs, which would require us to seek new manufacturing arrangements and may result in substantial delays in meeting market or clinical trial demands. For example, our current long-term supply contract with Signa C.V. and ACIC Fine Chemicals Inc. for the active pharmaceutical ingredient for Esbriet does not impose any obligation on Signa C.V. or ACIC Fine Chemicals Inc. to reserve a minimum annual capacity for the production of such ingredient, which could impair our ability to obtain product from them in a timely fashion.

 

   

We may not have intellectual property rights, or may have to share intellectual property rights, to any improvements in the manufacturing processes or new manufacturing processes for our products.

 

   

Our product costs may increase if our manufacturers pass their increasing costs of manufacture on to us.

 

   

If third-party manufacturers do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our products and product candidates and we may experience stock-outs. This would adversely impact our ability to successfully commercialize our products and product candidates. Furthermore, we may not be able to locate any necessary acceptable replacement manufacturers or enter into favorable agreements with such replacement manufacturers in a timely manner, if at all.

 

   

If our agreement with a third-party manufacturer expires, we may not be able to renegotiate a new agreement with that manufacturer on favorable terms, if at all. If we cannot successfully complete such renegotiation, we may not be able to locate any necessary acceptable replacement manufacturers or enter into favorable agreements with such replacement manufacturers in a timely manner, if at all.

Any of these factors could delay clinical trials, regulatory submissions or commercialization of our products for particular diseases, interfere with current sales, entail higher costs and result in our being unable to effectively sell our products.

 

36


Table of Contents

A disruption in our ability to ship Esbriet from our packaging facilities to our distributor in the European Union or a disruption in our distribution channels in the European Union could result in significant product delays and adversely affect our results.

We currently ship Esbriet from packaging facilities to our distributor in the EU. A disruption in our ability to ship Esbriet to our distributor in the EU or a disruption in our distribution channels in the EU for any reason, including as a result of a natural disaster, terrorism or failure of our commercial carrier, could result in product delivery delays. If this were to occur, we may be unable to satisfy customer orders on a timely basis, if at all. A significant disruptive event to our ability to distribute Esbriet could adversely affect our ability to generate revenue from Esbriet and materially affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product and product candidates, and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily.

If our third-party contractors do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may be delayed in or prevented from obtaining regulatory approvals for our products and product candidates, and may not be able to successfully commercialize our products and product candidates for targeted diseases. We do not have the ability to independently conduct clinical trials for all of our products and product candidates, and we rely on third parties such as contract research organizations, medical institutions and clinical investigators to perform this function. For example, we use contract research organizations to conduct our new Phase 3 ASCEND trial for pirfenidone. Our ability to monitor and audit the performance of these third parties is limited. If these third parties do not perform satisfactorily, our clinical trials may be extended or delayed, resulting in potentially substantial cost increases to us and other adverse impacts on our product development efforts. We may not be able to locate any necessary acceptable replacements or enter into favorable agreements with them, if at all.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property Rights

We may not be able to obtain, maintain and protect certain proprietary rights necessary for the development and commercialization of our products or product candidates.

Our commercial success will depend in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection on our products and product candidates and successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. Our ability to commercialize our products will also depend in part on the patent positions of third parties, including those of our competitors. The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we cannot predict with certainty the scope and breadth of patent claims that may be afforded to other companies’ patents. In addition, each country has its own rules regarding the allowability and enforceability of certain types of patents and therefore there can be no assurance that our patents applications will be granted or that our issued patents will be enforceable in any given jurisdiction. We could incur substantial costs in litigation if we are required to defend against patent suits brought by third parties, or if we initiate suits to protect our patent rights.

Any litigation, including any interference proceedings to determine priority of inventions, oppositions to patents in foreign countries or litigation against our partners may be costly and time consuming and could harm our business. Litigation may be necessary in some instances to determine the validity, enforceability, scope and infringement of certain of our proprietary rights. Litigation may be necessary in other instances to determine the validity, scope or non-infringement of patent rights claimed by third parties to be pertinent to the manufacture, use or sale of our products. Ultimately, the outcome of such litigation could adversely affect the validity and scope of our patent or other proprietary rights or hinder our ability to manufacture and market our products.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:

 

   

we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications;

 

   

we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;

 

   

others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;

 

   

any of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents;

 

   

any of our issued patents or those of our licensors will be valid and enforceable;

 

   

any patents issued to us or our collaborators will provide a basis for commercially viable products or will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties;

 

   

we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or

 

   

the patents of others will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

For example, the pirfenidone molecule itself has no composition of matter patent protection in the United States or elsewhere. We must therefore rely primarily on the protection afforded by formulation and method of use patents relating to the use of pirfenidone for

 

37


Table of Contents

the treatment in adults of mild to moderate IPF. While many countries such as the United States permit method of use patents relating to the use of drug products, in some countries the law relating to patentability of such use claims is evolving and may be unfavorably interpreted to prevent us from patenting some or all of our pending patent applications. There are some countries that currently do not allow such method of use patents, or that significantly limit the types of uses that are patentable.

In the EU, patents are subject to a post-grant opposition period, and enforcement of patents is on a country-by-country basis subject to varying, complex and evolving national requirements and standards. Competitors could challenge the validity of our patent claims and challenge whether their product actually infringes those claims. Such challenges would involve complex legal and factual questions and entail considerable costs and investment of effort.

Others have filed and in the future may file patent applications covering uses and formulations of pirfenidone, or interferon gamma-1b, or other products in our development program. If a third party has been or is in the future issued a patent that blocked our ability to commercialize any of our products, alone or in combination, for any or all of the diseases that we are targeting, we would be prevented from commercializing that product or combination of products for that disease or diseases unless we obtained a license from the patent holder. We may not be able to obtain such a license to a blocking patent on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we cannot obtain, maintain and protect the necessary proprietary rights for the development and commercialization of our products or product candidates, our business and financial prospects will be impaired.

The pirfenidone molecule itself has no composition of matter patent protection in the United States or elsewhere, and may only be protected for the treatment of IPF by orphan drug designation in the United States and European Union.

The pirfenidone molecule itself has no composition of matter patent protection in the United States or elsewhere. In the EU we have been granted orphan drug designation for pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF by the EMA, which provides for ten years of market exclusivity until March 2021. The exclusivity period afforded by orphan drug designation in the United States begins on first NDA approval for this product in IPF and ends seven years thereafter. Therefore, we may not have the ability to prevent others from commercializing pirfenidone for (i) IPF after the orphan drug designation exclusivity period ends, (ii) uses of pirfenidone covered by other patents held by third parties or (iii) other uses of pirfenidone in the public domain for which there is no patent protection. We are relying on exclusivity granted from orphan drug designation in IPF to protect pirfenidone from competitors in this indication and, following expiration of orphan drug protection in the EU, and if approved for commercial use by the FDA, in the United States, we must rely primarily on the protection afforded by formulation and method of use patents relating to the safe and/or effective use of pirfenidone for IPF. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to maintain this orphan drug designation. Furthermore, although pirfenidone has received orphan drug marketing exclusivity for the treatment of patients with IPF, the FDA and/or the EMA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which would create a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.

In addition, other third parties have obtained patents in the United States and elsewhere relating to formulation and methods of use of pirfenidone for the treatment of certain diseases. As a result, it is possible that we could face competition from third party products that have pirfenidone as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. If a third party were to obtain FDA approval in the United States for the use of pirfenidone, or regulatory approval in another jurisdiction, for an indication before we did, such third party would be first to market and could establish the price for pirfenidone in these jurisdictions. This could adversely impact our ability to implement our pricing strategy for the product and may limit our ability to maximize the commercial potential of pirfenidone in the United States and elsewhere. The presence of a lower priced competitive product with the same active pharmaceutical ingredients as our product could lead to use of the competitive product for our anti-fibrotic indications. This could lead to pricing pressure for pirfenidone, which would adversely affect our ability to generate revenue from the sale of pirfenidone for anti-fibrotic indications.

Pirfenidone is the only commercially approved drug approved for the treatment of mild to moderate IPF. There are no other existing approved treatments. Therefore the incidence and prevalence of IPF that currently provide the basis of orphan drug designation in the European Union and the United States could change over time, and it is possible that orphan drug designation could be lost in these markets should the patient population exceed that required to maintain orphan drug status in these countries.

Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializing products for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. With respect to the United States, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status is generally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years and ten years from the date of approval in the EU and United States, respectively. IPF is currently a poorly diagnosed disease in these markets. It is possible that with the approval of Esbriet in the EU, and the potential approval of pirfenidone in the United States, that the incidence and

 

38


Table of Contents

prevalence numbers for IPF could change in these markets. Should the incidence and prevalence of IPF patients who are eligible to receive pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF in these markets materially increase, it is possible that the orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in these jurisdictions could be lost.

Following expiration of orphan drug designation in the European Union, and if approved for commercial use by the FDA, in the United States, our current intellectual property portfolio may not be sufficient to protect the continued exclusivity of pirfenidone for the treatment in adults of mild to moderate IPF.

Because the pirfenidone molecule itself has no composition of matter patent protection in the United States or elsewhere, following expiration of orphan drug designation in the EU, and if approved for commercial use by the FDA, in the United States, we must rely primarily on the protection afforded by the formulation and method of use patents relating to the safe and/or effective use of pirfenidone for the treatment in adults of mild to moderate IPF.

We have five granted patents and a number of pending patent applications in Europe relating to Esbriet’s formulation and use in IPF patients, particularly related to the safe and efficacious usage of the product. This collection of patents is expected to provide patent protection in Europe until 2030, and includes a granted patent that relates to the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and safety of Esbriet, which expires in late 2026, a granted patent which relates to the safe and efficacious usage of Esbriet in patients who develop elevation in liver transaminase levels, which expires in late 2029, a granted patent relating to the titration of the dosing of Esbriet at the initiation of therapy, which expires in late 2027, a granted patent relating to the safe usage of Esbriet with respect to fluvoxamine that expires in 2030, and a granted patent relating to the safe usage of Esbriet with respect to smoking that expires in 2030. We also have nine issued patents in the United States relating to the formulation or safe and/or effective use of Esbriet in IPF patients, and a number of pending U.S. patent applications. In addition we have numerous pending patent applications under active prosecution in other foreign jurisdictions. The laws regarding patentability and enforceability of patents such as ours varies on a country by country basis.

These patents can be challenged by our competitors in various jurisdictions who may argue such patents are invalid or unenforceable, lack sufficient written description or enablement, or that the claims of the issued patents should be limited or narrowly construed. Additionally, even if the validity of these patents were upheld in a patent challenge, a court may refuse to stop the other party from practicing the activity at issue on the ground that its activities are not covered by our patents. Any of these outcomes would limit our ability to exclusively market pirfenidone for the treatment in adults of mild to moderate IPF in the EU, and if approved for commercial use by the FDA, in the United States, as well as certain other countries where we have filed for patent protection.

If we breach our agreement with Shionogi, our ability to develop and commercialize pirfenidone in other jurisdictions may be impaired. In addition, Shionogi has demanded that it is entitled to royalty payments on our sales of Esbriet.

In February 2010, we entered into an agreement with Shionogi that gives us an option to exercise a license for access to certain patient level data from the Shionogi Phase 3 clinical trial with pirfenidone in patients with IPF, which we refer to as SP3, to be used, along with other Shionogi clinical study information, as “pivotal study data” (as defined in the agreement) in connection with our regulatory filings. We did not use SP3 patient level data as pivotal study data in our recently approved MAA or in any other submissions in connection with review of the MAA. Similarly, we did not use SP3 patient level data as pivotal study data in our U.S. NDA or in any other submissions in connection with review of the U.S. NDA. However, going forward, we may elect to use SP3 patient level data as pivotal study data in our regulatory filings in the United States or in other jurisdictions. Should we breach our agreement with Shionogi, we may lose our ability to use Shionogi’s patient level data in our regulatory filings in the United States or in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our ability to obtain regulatory approval of pirfenidone in such jurisdictions. In addition, in March 2012, following discussions with Shionogi, Shionogi demanded that we agree that it is entitled to royalty payments on our sales of Esbriet in Europe, based on Shionogi’s interpretation of our May 2004 agreement with Shionogi (as amended). On July 5, 2012, Shionogi filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California alleging, principally, that we breached that agreement by utilizing certain of Shionogi’s information in our MAA and other submissions for pirfenidone with the EMA and then failing to pay royalties to Shionogi on net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. In the alternative, the complaint alleges that, if we did not use Shionogi’s information in a way that would trigger a royalty obligation under the agreement, we had an obligation to do so as an exclusive licensee. Shionogi is seeking, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and a declaration that we are obligated to pay royalties to Shionogi on net sales of pirfenidone (Esbriet®) in the European Union. While we disagree that we owe any such royalties and intend to defend our position vigorously, an unfavorable outcome in the litigation with Shionogi could require that we pay royalties or make other payments to Shionogi.

 

39


Table of Contents

Litigation or third-party claims of intellectual property infringement could require us to spend substantial time and money and could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize products.

Our commercial success depends in part on our ability and the ability of our collaborators to avoid infringing patents and proprietary rights of third parties. Third parties may accuse us, or our collaborators, of employing their proprietary technology in our products, or in the materials or processes used to research or develop our products, without authorization. Any legal action against our collaborators or us claiming damages and/or seeking to stop our commercial activities relating to the affected products, materials and processes could, in addition to subjecting us to potential liability for damages, require our collaborators or us to obtain a license to continue to utilize the affected materials or processes or to manufacture or market the affected products. We cannot predict whether we, or our collaborators, would prevail in any of these actions or whether any license required under any of these patents would be made available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain such a license, we, or our collaborators, may be unable to continue to utilize the affected materials or processes or manufacture or market the affected products or we may be obligated by a court to pay substantial royalties and/or other damages to the patent holder. Even if we are able to obtain such a license, the terms of such a license could substantially reduce the commercial value of the affected product or products and impair our prospects for profitability. Accordingly, we cannot predict whether or to what extent the commercial value of the affected product or products or our prospects for profitability may be harmed as a result of any of the liabilities discussed above. Furthermore, infringement and other intellectual property claims, with or without merit, can be expensive and time-consuming to litigate and can divert management’s attention from our core business.

If the owners of the intellectual property we license fail to maintain the intellectual property, we may lose our rights to develop our products or product candidates.

We generally do not control the patent prosecution of intellectual property that we license from third parties. Accordingly, we are unable to exercise the same degree of control over this intellectual property as we would exercise over intellectual property that we own, and, as a result, we may lose our rights to such intellectual property and incur substantial costs.

If our employees, consultants and vendors do not comply with their confidentiality agreements or our trade secrets otherwise become known, our ability to generate revenue and profits may be impaired.

Patent prosecution may not be appropriate or obtainable for certain of our technologies, and we may instead protect such proprietary information as trade secrets. We protect these rights mainly through confidentiality agreements with our corporate partners, employees, consultants and vendors.

These agreements generally provide that all confidential information developed or made known to an individual or company during the course of their relationship with us will be kept confidential and will not be used or disclosed to third parties except in specified circumstances. In the case of employees and consultants, our agreements generally provide that all inventions made by the individual while engaged by us will be our exclusive property. We cannot be certain that these parties will comply with these confidentiality agreements, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. If our trade secrets become known, we may lose a competitive advantage and our ability to generate revenue may therefore be impaired.

By working with corporate partners, research collaborators and scientific advisors, we are subject to disputes over intellectual property, and our ability to obtain patent protection or protect proprietary information may be impaired.

Under some of our research and development agreements, inventions discovered in certain cases become jointly owned by our corporate partner and us and in other cases become the exclusive property of one of us. It can be difficult to determine who owns a particular invention, and disputes could arise regarding those inventions. These disputes could be costly and could divert management’s attention from our business. Our research collaborators and scientific advisors have some rights to publish our data and proprietary information in which we have rights. Such publications may impair our ability to obtain patent protection or protect our proprietary information, which could impair our ability to generate revenue.

Risks Related to Our Financial Results and Other Risks Related to Our Business

If we continue to incur net losses for an extended period of time, we may be unable to continue our business.

We have incurred net losses since inception, and our accumulated deficit was approximately $1.04 billion at September 30, 2012. We expect to incur substantial additional net losses prior to achieving profitability, if ever. The extent of our future net losses and the timing of our profitability are highly uncertain, and we may never achieve profitable operations. We are planning to expand the number of diseases for which our products may be marketed, and this expansion will require significant expenditures. Through June 2012, we generated revenue primarily through the sale of Actimmune; however, in June 2012, we divested all of our Actimmune assets. We have not generated operating profits to date from our products. If the time required for us to achieve profitability is longer than we anticipate, we may not be able to continue our business.

 

40


Table of Contents

If we fail to obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, we will be unable to successfully execute our business plan.

We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2012, along with anticipated cash flows from our sales of Esbriet, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses, debt obligations and capital requirements under our current business plan through at least the next 12 months. However, our current plans and assumptions may change, and our capital requirements may increase. We have no committed sources of capital and do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed, or, if available, that the terms will be favorable to our stockholders or us. If additional funds are not available, we may be forced to delay or terminate clinical trials, curtail operations or obtain funds through collaborative and licensing arrangements that may require us to relinquish commercial rights or potential markets, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If adequate funds are not available, we will not be able to successfully execute our business plan.

Budget or cash constraints may force us to delay our efforts to develop certain products in favor of developing others, which may prevent us from meeting our stated timetables and commercializing those products as quickly as possible, or take certain cost saving efforts that could harm our financial results.

Because we are an emerging company with limited resources, and because research and development is an expensive process, we must regularly assess the most efficient allocation of our research and development resources. Accordingly, we may choose to delay our research and development efforts for a promising product candidate or we may elect to terminate our programs for and, in certain cases, our licenses to, such product candidates or programs in order to allocate resources to another program, which could cause us to fall behind our initial timetables for development of certain product candidates. As a result, we may not be able to fully realize the value of some of our product candidates in a timely manner, since they will be delayed in reaching the market, or may not reach the market at all. If we terminate a preclinical program in which we have invested significant resources, we will have expended resources on a program that will not provide a full return on our investment and missed the opportunity to have allocated those resources to potentially more productive uses.

Due to cash constraints or for strategic business reasons we may decide to take certain actions that reduce our expenses. For example, we sold to Roche our worldwide development and commercialization rights to danoprevir and received $175.0 million from the sale of such rights. On a forward-looking basis we will not incur the expense associated with further investment in danoprevir; however, our rights to share profits from sales of danoprevir in the United States have also been terminated and, as a result, our business and future financial results may be harmed.

Negative conditions in the global markets may impair the liquidity of a portion of our investment portfolio.

Our investment securities consist of high-grade corporate debt securities, government agency securities and direct government obligation securities. Due to recent credit market and global economic conditions, markets for certain fixed-income securities have been volatile and have experienced limitations in liquidity. If there is insufficient demand for the securities we hold, we may not have liquid access to our investments and may be required to recognize an impairment for those securities should we conclude that such impairment is other-than-temporary. For example, as recently as September 30, 2010 we held in our investment portfolio $4.8 million of auction rate securities that had experienced illiquid market conditions requiring us to previously adjust the carrying-value of these securities. As of December 31, 2010, all of our auction rate securities had been sold or redeemed.

Failure to accurately forecast demand for our products could result in additional charges for excess inventories or non-cancelable purchase obligations or supply shortages.

We initiated our commercial launch of Esbriet in Germany in September 2011, made Esbriet commercially available in Austria, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden in the first nine month of 2012 and currently plan to initiate commercial launches in additional countries in the EU in 2012 and in the first half of 2013, and in Canada in the beginning of 2013. While we have attempted to forecast demand for Esbriet in Germany, other European countries and Canada, until we have a sufficient history of commercial sales in such jurisdictions, we cannot know with certainty whether our inventory of Esbriet is in excess of or insufficient to meet demand. Further, we have just recently established our sales organization in the EU and we do not yet know if the size of the sales organization is sufficient to successfully commercialize Esbriet, which makes accurately forecasting demand more difficult. If we fail to accurately forecast demand for Esbriet, we may face temporary supply shortages, which would impair our ability to generate revenue from such demand, or excess inventories, which may result in additional charges for such excess inventory.

 

41


Table of Contents

If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities.

The testing, marketing and sale of medical products entail an inherent risk of product liability. We have product liability risk for all of our product candidates and for all of the clinical trials we conduct, including our discontinued INSPIRE trial. If product liability costs exceed our liability insurance coverage, we may incur substantial liabilities. Whether or not we were ultimately successful in product liability litigation, such litigation would consume substantial amounts of our financial and managerial resources, and might result in adverse publicity, all of which would impair our business. While we believe that our clinical trial and product liability insurance currently provides adequate protection to our business, we may not be able to maintain our clinical trial insurance or product liability insurance at an acceptable cost, if at all, and this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential claims or losses.

If we materially breach the representations and warranties we made to Roche under the asset purchase agreement for the sale of danoprevir or to Vidara under the asset purchase agreement for the sale of Actimmune, or if we fail to perform any of our other contractual obligations under these agreements, Roche or Vidara, as applicable, has the right to seek indemnification from us for damages it suffers as a result of such breach or failure. These amounts could be significant.

We have agreed to indemnify Roche and its affiliates against losses suffered as a result of our material breach of representations and warranties and our other obligations in the asset purchase agreement for our sale of our worldwide development and commercialization rights to danoprevir. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify Vidara and its affiliates against losses suffered as a result of our material breach of representations and warranties and our other obligations in the asset purchase agreement for the sale of our worldwide development and commercialization rights to Actimmune®. If one or more of our representations and warranties were not true at the time we made them to Roche or Vidara, or if we fail to perform any of our other contractual obligations under an agreement, we would be in breach of the applicable asset purchase agreement. In the event of a breach or failure by us to perform, Roche or Vidara, as applicable, has the right to seek indemnification from us for damages suffered by either of them as a result of such breach. The amounts for which we could become liable may be significant.

Our use of hazardous materials, chemicals, viruses and radioactive compounds exposes us to potential liabilities.

Our research and development activities involve the controlled use and disposal of hazardous materials, chemicals, infectious disease agents and various radioactive compounds. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply with the standards prescribed by state and federal regulations, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for significant damages or fines, which may not be covered by or may exceed our insurance coverage.

Insurance coverage is increasingly difficult to obtain or maintain.

While we currently maintain clinical trial and product liability insurance, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, general liability insurance, property insurance and warehouse and transit insurance, first- and third-party insurance is increasingly more costly and narrower in scope, and we may be required to assume more risk in the future. If we are subject to third-party claims or suffer a loss or damage in excess of our insurance coverage, we may be required to share that risk in excess of our insurance limits. Furthermore, any first- or third-party claims made on our insurance policies may impact our future ability to obtain or maintain insurance coverage at reasonable costs, if at all.

Failure to attract, retain and motivate skilled personnel and cultivate key academic collaborations will delay our product development programs and our business development efforts.

As of September 30, 2012, we had 230 full-time employees, and our success depends on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management, scientific and commercial personnel, especially in Europe, and on our ability to develop relationships with leading academic scientists. Competition for personnel and academic collaborations is intense. We are highly dependent on our current management and key scientific and technical personnel, including Daniel G. Welch, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, as well as the other principal members of our management. None of our employees, including members of our management team, has a long-term employment contract, and any of our employees can leave at any time. Our success will depend in part on retaining the services of our existing management and key personnel and attracting and retaining new highly qualified personnel. In addition, we may need to hire additional personnel and develop additional academic collaborations if we expand our research and development activities. We do not know if we will be able to attract, retain or motivate personnel or cultivate academic collaborations. Our inability to hire, retain or motivate qualified personnel or cultivate academic collaborations would harm our business.

 

42


Table of Contents

Our ability to use our net operating losses and certain other tax attributes may be subject to annual limitations under federal and state tax law that could materially affect our ability to utilize such losses and attributes.

If a corporation undergoes an “ownership change” within the meaning of section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, or section 382, the corporation’s ability to utilize any net operating losses, or NOLs, and certain tax credits and other attributes generated before such an ownership change, is limited. We believe that we have in the past experienced ownership changes within the meaning of section 382 that have resulted in limitations under section 382 (and similar state provisions) on the use of our NOLs and other tax attributes. Future changes in ownership could result in additional ownership changes within the meaning of section 382 that could further limit our ability to utilize our NOLs and certain other tax attributes.

Risks Related to our Securities

Our significant level of indebtedness could limit cash flow available for our operations, expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and impair our ability to satisfy our obligations under our outstanding notes.

We have now and will continue to have, a significant amount of indebtedness. As of September 30, 2012, we had $85.0 million of outstanding indebtedness under our 2015 Notes and $155.3 million indebtedness under our 2018 Notes. We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our business, results of operations and financial condition, including:

 

   

increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

   

limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;

 

   

requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of our cash flow available for other purposes;

 

   

limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business;

 

   

dilution experienced by our existing stockholders as a result of the conversion of our 2015 Notes into shares of common stock; and

 

   

placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with less leveraged competitors and competitors that may have better access to capital resources.

As of September 30, 2012, our annual debt service obligation on our 2015 and 2018 Notes was $8.1 million. We cannot assure you that we will continue to maintain sufficient cash reserves or that our business will continue to generate cash flow from operations at levels sufficient to permit us to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness, or that our cash needs will not increase. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments, or if we fail to comply with the various requirements of our outstanding notes or any indebtedness which we may incur in the future, we would be in default, which would permit the holders of the affected notes or other indebtedness to accelerate the maturity of such notes or other indebtedness and could cause defaults under the company’s other notes and indebtedness. Any default under our notes or any indebtedness which we may incur in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may fail to meet our publicly announced financial guidance or other expectations about our business, which would cause our stock to decline in value and affect the trading price of our outstanding notes.

There are a number of reasons why we might fail to meet our financial guidance or other expectations about our business, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

   

negative developments or setbacks in our application to obtain marketing approval for pirfenidone in the United States, including negative results of the ASCEND trial that we initiated in the second quarter of 2011, slower than anticipated enrollment in the ASCEND trial and/or a negative response from the FDA to our anticipated NDA resubmission based on data from this trial;

 

   

delays or unexpected difficulties in our commercialization efforts for Esbriet, including delays or difficulties in our anticipated commercial launches in Europe and Canada;

 

   

lower than expected pricing and reimbursement levels for Esbriet in the EU, including any adverse decisions by Germany’s Federal Joint Commission stemming from the IQWiG benefit assessment and negative reimbursement decisions by France’s National Social Security;

 

43


Table of Contents
   

negative developments with regard to the recently commenced litigation with Shionogi;

 

   

if only a subset of or no affected patients respond to therapy with any of our products or product candidates;

 

   

the actual dose or efficacy of the product for a particular condition may be different than currently anticipated;

 

   

negative publicity about the results of our clinical studies, such as the failure of pirfenidone to meet its primary endpoint and the PFS secondary endpoint in the CAPACITY 1 trial, or those of others with similar or related products may reduce demand for our products and product candidates;

 

   

the treatment regimen may be different in duration than currently anticipated;

 

   

treatment may be sporadic;

 

   

we may not be able to sell a product at the price we expect;

 

   

we may not be able to accurately calculate the number of patients using the product;

 

   

we may not be able to supply enough product to meet demand;

 

   

there may be current and future competitive products that have greater acceptance in the market than our products do;

 

   

we may decide to divest a product;

 

   

our development activities may proceed faster than planned;

 

   

we may decide to change our marketing and educational programs; or

 

   

clinical trial participation may reduce product sales.

If we fail to meet our revenue and/or expense projections and/or other financial guidance for any reason, our stock could decline in value. The market price of our common stock, as well as the general level of interest rates and our credit quality, will likely significantly affect the trading price of our notes.

Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could have a material adverse effect on our stock price and the trading price of our outstanding notes.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission, require an annual management assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm attesting to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at the end of the fiscal year. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations of the Commission. If we cannot in the future favorably assess, or our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified attestation report on, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investor confidence in the reliability of our financial reports may be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our stock price and the trading price of our outstanding notes.

Substantial sales of shares or the issuance of additional stock may negatively impact the market price of our common stock and the trading price of our outstanding notes.

If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options or conversion of our outstanding notes, the market price of our common stock and, in turn, the trading price of our notes, may decline. In addition, the existence of our notes may encourage short selling by market participants. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the then-prevailing market price of our common stock and the trading price of our outstanding notes.

We have filed registration statements covering the approximately 7.7 million shares of common stock that are either issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options or reserved for future issuance pursuant to our stock plans as of September 30, 2012.

As of September 30, 2012, we had an aggregate of approximately 17.1 million shares of common stock authorized but unissued and not reserved for issuance under our option and compensation plans or under other convertible or derivative instruments. We may

 

44


Table of Contents

issue all of these shares without any action or approval by our stockholders. The issuance of these unreserved shares in connection with acquisitions or otherwise, as well as any shares of our common stock issued in connection with the exercise of stock options, restricted stock units, under convertible or derivative instruments or otherwise would dilute the notional percentage ownership held by the our security holders. In addition, we may issue a substantial number of shares of our common stock upon conversion of our outstanding notes.

At times, the market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly, and as a result an investment in our stock could decline in value. Future fluctuations in our stock price may also impact the trading price of our outstanding notes and make them more difficult to resell.

The market price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be extremely volatile. During the twelve-month period ended September 30, 2012, the closing price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Select Market ranged from a high of $26.36 in October 2011 to a low of $7.24 in August 2012. The market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, many of which we cannot control, including:

 

   

general economic and political conditions and specific conditions in the biotechnology industry;

 

   

changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates or publication of research reports by securities analysts;

 

   

strategic actions taken by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

 

   

announcements of new products or technical innovations by us or our competitors;

 

   

actions taken by institutional shareholders; and

 

   

speculation in the press or investment community.

In addition, the stock market in general, and the stock price of companies listed on NASDAQ, and biotechnology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of actual operating performance. Periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities frequently results in securities class action and shareholder derivative litigation against that company. This type of litigation can result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

Because our outstanding notes are convertible into shares of our common stock, volatility or depressed market prices of our common stock could have a similar effect on the trading price of our outstanding notes. Holders who receive shares of our common stock upon conversion of our notes will also be subject to the risk of volatility and depressed market prices of our common stock.

Provisions of Delaware law, our charter documents and the indentures governing our outstanding notes may impede or discourage a takeover, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. These provisions:

 

   

establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board may be elected at one time;

 

   

authorize the issuance of up to 5,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and hinder a takeover attempt;

 

   

limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders;

 

   

prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; and

 

   

establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings.

 

45


Table of Contents

In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits business combinations between us and one or more significant stockholders unless specified conditions are met, may discourage, delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us.

The repurchase rights in our outstanding notes triggered by the occurrence of a fundamental change and the additional shares of our common stock by which the conversion rates are increased in connection with certain make-whole fundamental change transactions could also discourage a potential acquirer.

We have never paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance our operations and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. As a result, holders who convert their notes and receive shares of our common stock will not realize a return on their investment unless the market price of our common stock appreciates, which we cannot assure.

 

Item 6. Exhibits.

 

Exhibit

Number

  

Description of Document

3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of InterMune.(1)
3.2    Certificate of Ownership and Merger, dated April 26, 2001.(2)
3.3    Amended and Restated Bylaws of InterMune.(3)
3.4    Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of InterMune.(4)
3.5    Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of InterMune.(5)
3.6    Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant.(6)
3.7    Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock.(7)
4.1    Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7.
4.2    Specimen Common Stock Certificate.(1)
4.3    Indenture, dated as of February 17, 2004, between Registrant and The Bank of New York.(8)
4.4    Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2004, among Registrant, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, Banc of America Securities LLC, Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, Harris Nesbitt Corp. and RBC Capital Markets Corporation.(8)
4.5    Indenture, dated as of June 24, 2008, between Registrant and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A.(9)

 

46


Table of Contents
    4.6    Form of 5.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2015 (included in Exhibit 4.5).(9)
    4.7    Indenture, dated September 19, 2011, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee. (10)
    4.8    First Supplemental Indenture, dated September 19, 2011, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (including the form of 2.50% convertible senior note due 2018).(10)
  31.1    Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).(11)
  31.2    Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).(11)
  32.1*    Certification required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. § 1350).(11)
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

(1) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2000 (No. 333-96029), as amended by Amendment No. 1 filed with the Commission on February 18, 2000, as amended by Amendment No. 2 filed with the Commission on March 6, 2000, as amended by Amendment No. 3 filed with the Commission on March 22, 2000, as amended by Amendment No. 4 filed with the Commission on March 23, 2000 and as amended by Amendment No. 5 filed with the Commission on March 23, 2000.
(2) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001.
(3) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 24, 2010.
(4) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003.
(5) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004.
(6) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the Commission on September 4, 2009 (No. 333-161758).
(7) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 18, 2001.
(8) Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the year ended December 31, 2003 filed on May 14, 2004.
(9) Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K on June 24, 2008.
(10) Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K on September 19, 2011.
(11) Filed herewith.
* This certification accompanies the Periodic Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

47


Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

InterMune, Inc.

By: /s/ John C. Hodgman

  Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, Finance

Date: November 7, 2012

 

48


Table of Contents

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit

Number

  

Description of Document

    3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of InterMune.(1)
    3.2    Certificate of Ownership and Merger, dated April 26, 2001.(2)
    3.3    Amended and Restated Bylaws of InterMune.(3)
    3.4    Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of InterMune.(4)
    3.5    Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of InterMune.(5)
    3.6    Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant. (6)
    3.7    Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. (7)
    4.1    Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7.
    4.2    Specimen Common Stock Certificate. (1)
    4.3    Indenture, dated as of February 17, 2004, between Registrant and The Bank of New York. (8)
    4.4    Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2004, among Registrant, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, Banc of America Securities LLC, Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, Harris Nesbitt Corp. and RBC Capital Markets Corporation. (8)
    4.5    Indenture, dated as of June 24, 2008, between Registrant and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. (9)
    4.6    Form of 5.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2015 (included in Exhibit 4.5). (9)
    4.7    Indenture, dated September 19, 2011, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee. (10)
    4.8    First Supplemental Indenture, dated September 19, 2011, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (including the form of 2.50% convertible senior note due 2018). (10)
  31.1    Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).(11)
  31.2    Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).(11)
  32.1*    Certification required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. § 1350).(11)
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

49


Table of Contents

 

(1) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2000 (No. 333-96029), as amended by Amendment No. 1 filed with the Commission on February 18, 2000, as amended by Amendment No. 2 filed with the Commission on March 6, 2000, as amended by Amendment No. 3 filed with the Commission on March 22, 2000, as amended by Amendment No. 4 filed with the Commission on March 23, 2000 and as amended by Amendment No. 5 filed with the Commission on March 23, 2000.
(2) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001.
(3) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 24, 2010.
(4) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003.
(5) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004.
(6) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the Commission on September 4, 2009 (No. 333-161758).
(7) Filed as an exhibit to InterMune’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 18, 2001.
(8) Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s amended Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the year ended December 31, 2003 filed on May 14, 2004.
(9) Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K on June 24, 2008.
(10) Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K on September 19, 2011.
(11) Filed herewith.
* This certification accompanies the Periodic Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

50