Attached files
| file | filename |
|---|---|
| S-1/A - Advantage Disposal Solutions, Inc. | advantagedisposal-s1a071712.htm |
| EX-5 - Advantage Disposal Solutions, Inc. | ex5.htm |
| EX-23 - Advantage Disposal Solutions, Inc. | ex23.htm |
| EX-10 - Advantage Disposal Solutions, Inc. | ex10.htm |
| EX-3.I - Advantage Disposal Solutions, Inc. | ex3-i.htm |
Exhibit 3.ii
BY LAWS
OF
ADVANTAGE DISPOSAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Dover, County of Kent, State of Delaware.
Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
II
MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Place of Meeting. Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.
Section 2. Annual Meetings. The Annual Meetings of stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which meetings the stockholders shall elect by a plurality vote a Board of Directors, and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.
Section 3. Special Meetings. Special Meetings of the stockholders may be called by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the President, or by the holders of shares entitled to cast not less that 25% of the votes at the meeting. Upon request in writing to the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President or the Secretary by any person (other than the board) entitled to call a special meeting of the stockholders, the officer forthwith shall cause notice to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote that a meeting will be held at a time requested by the person or persons calling the meeting, not less than 15 nor more than 60 days after the receipt of the request. If the notice is not given within 20 days after receipt of the request, the persons entitled to call the meeting may give the notice.
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Section 4. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of the place, date, and time of all meetings of the stockholders shall be given, not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date on which the meeting is to be held, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, except as otherwise provided herein or as required from time to time by the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 5. Quorum; Adjournment. At any meeting of the stockholders, the holders of a majority of all of the shares of the stock entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, unless or except to the extent that the presence of a larger number may be required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation. Where a separate vote by a class, classes or series is required, a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, classes or series, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter, unless or except to the extent that the presence of a larger number may be required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation. If a quorum shall fail to attend any meeting, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote who are present, in person or by proxy, may adjourn the meeting to another place, date or time without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented.
When a meeting is adjourned to another place, date or time, written notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the place, date and time thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned meeting is more than thirty (30) days after the date for which the meeting was originally noticed, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, written notice of the place, date and time of the adjourned meeting shall be given in conformity herewith. At any adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting.
Section 6. Organization. At every meeting of the shareholders, the chairman of the board, if there be one, or in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the chairman of the board, one of the following persons present in the order stated shall act as chairman of the meeting: the vice chairman of the board, if there be one, the president, the vice presidents in their order of rank or seniority, a chairman designated by the board of directors or a chairman chosen by the stockholders in the manner provided in Section 5 of this Article II. The secretary, or in his absence, an assistant secretary, or in the absence of the secretary and the assistant secretaries, a person appointed by the chairman of the meeting, shall act as secretary.
Section 7. Proxies and Voting. At any meeting of the stockholders, every stockholder entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting.
Each stockholder shall have one vote for every share of stock entitled to vote which is registered in his name on the record date for the meeting, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation.
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All voting, including on the election of directors but excepting where otherwise provided herein or required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, may be by a voice vote; provided, however, that upon demand thereof by a stockholder entitled to vote or such stockholder's proxy, a stock vote shall be taken. Every stock vote shall be taken by ballots, each of which shall state the name of the stockholder or proxy voting and such other information as may be required under the procedure established for the meeting. Every vote taken by ballots shall be counted by an inspector or inspectors appointed by the Board of Directors.
All elections of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast, and except as otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, all other matters shall be determined by a majority of the votes cast.
Section 8. Stock List. A complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, arranged in alphabetical order for each class of stock and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in such stockholder's name, shall be open to the examination of any such stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which places shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.
The stock list shall also be kept at the place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and shall be open to the examination of any stockholder who is present. This list shall presumptively determine the identity of the stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares held by each of them.
Section 9. Inspectors of Election. In advance of any meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors may appoint inspectors of election, who need not be stockholders, to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If inspectors of election are not so appointed, the person presiding at any such meeting may, and on the request of any stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting and before voting begins shall, appoint inspectors of election. The number of inspectors shall be either one or three, as determined, in the case of inspectors appointed upon demand of a stockholder, by the stockholders in the manner provided in Section 5 of this Article II, and otherwise by the Board of Directors or person presiding at the meeting, as the case may be. If any person who is appointed fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Board of Directors in advance of the meeting, or at the meeting by the person presiding at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting.
If inspectors of election are appointed as aforesaid, they shall determine from the lists referred to in Section 8 of this Article II the number of shares outstanding, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, and the voting power of shares represented at the meeting, determine the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies, receive votes or ballots, hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote or the number of votes which may be cast, count and tabulate all votes or ballots, determine the results, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders entitled to vote thereat. If there be three inspectors of election, the decision, act or certificate of both shall be effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of both.
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Unless waived by vote of the stockholders conducted in the manner which is provided in Section 5 of this Article II, the inspectors shall make a report in writing of any challenge or question or matter which is determined by them, and execute a sworn certificate of any facts found by them.
Section 10. Actions by Stockholders. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in this State, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery to a Corporation's registered office shall be by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. Duties and Powers. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. The use of the phrase "Whole Board" herein refers to the total number of directors which the corporation would have if there were no vacancies.
Section 2. Number and Term in Office. A director need not be a stockholder, a citizen of the United States or a resident of the State of Delaware. The authorized number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall consist of one person. Thereafter, the number of directors constituting the Whole Board shall be at least one. Subject to the foregoing limitation and except for the first Board of Directors, such number may be fixed from time to time by action of the stockholders or of the directors, or, if the number is not fixed, the number shall be one. The number of directors may be increased or decreased by action of stockholders or of the directors. Except as provided in Section 3 of this Article III, directors shall be elected by the holders of record of a plurality of the votes cast at Annual Meetings of Stockholders, and each director so elected shall hold office until the next Annual Meeting and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation.
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Section 3. Vacancies. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director or by the stockholders entitled to vote at any Annual or Special Meeting held in accordance with Article II, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next Annual or Special Meeting duly called for that purpose and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal.
Section 4. Nominations of Directors; Election. Nominations for the election of directors may be made by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors, or by any stockholder entitled to vote generally in the election of directors who complies with the procedures set forth in this Section 4. Directors shall be at least 21 years of age. Directors need not be stockholders. At each meeting of stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, the persons receiving a plurality of the votes cast shall be elected directors. All nominations by stockholders shall be made pursuant to timely notice in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that in the event that less than 40 days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made. To be in proper written form, such stockholder's notice shall set forth in writing (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including, without limitation, such person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (x) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books, of such stockholder and (y) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder.
Section 5. Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. The first meeting of each newly-elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to be given the newly-elected directors in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum shall be present. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or at least one of the directors then in office. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meetings shall be given to each director by mail, facsimile or telegram not less than seventy-two (72) hours before the date of the meeting. Meetings may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if all those not present waive such notice in accordance with Section 2 of Article VI of these By-laws.
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Section 6. Quorum. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 7. Action of Board Without a Meeting. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section 8. Resignations. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice to the president or the secretary. Such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 9. Organization. At every meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the Chairman of the Board, one of the following officers present in the order stated shall act as Chairman of the meeting: the president, the vice presidents in their order of rank and seniority, or a chairman chosen by a majority of the directors present. The secretary, or, in his absence, an assistant secretary, or in the absence of the secretary and the assistant secretaries, any person appointed by the Chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary.
Section 10. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the directors then in office, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, whom may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to the extent allowed by law and provided in the By-laws or resolution establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and reports to the Board of Directors when required.
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Section 11. Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
Section 12. Removal. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.
IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board of Directors and shall consist of a Chairman of the Board or a President, or both, one or more Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary. The Board of Directors may also choose one or more assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, and such other officers and agents as the Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion shall deem necessary or appropriate as designated by the Board of Directors from time to time. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws provide otherwise.
Section 2. Election; Term of Office. The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall elect a Chairman of the Board or a President, or both, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and may also elect at that meeting or any other meeting, such other officers and agents as it shall deem necessary or appropriate. Each officer of the Corporation shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors together with the powers and duties which are customarily exercised by such officer; and each officer of the Corporation shall hold office until such officer's successor is elected and qualified or until such officer's earlier resignation or removal. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. The Board of Directors may at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, remove an officer.
Section 3. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board, if there be such an officer, shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors and shall have such other duties and powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.
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Section 4. President. The President shall be the chief operating officer of the Corporation, shall have general and active management of the business of the Corporation, having general control of the business and affairs of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The President shall have and exercise such further powers and duties as may be specifically delegated to or vested in the President from time to time by these By-laws or the Board of Directors. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, or if the Board has not designated a Chairman, the President shall perform the duties of the Chairman of the Board, and when so acting, shall have all the powers and be subject to all of the restrictions upon the Chairman of the Board.
Section 5. Vice President. In the absence of the President or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the Vice President (or in the event that there be more than one vice president, the vice presidents in the order designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The vice presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to time prescribe.
Section 6. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given notice of meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the President. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested to by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest to the affixing by his or her signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be.
Section 7. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep complete and accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements of the Corporation, and shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects of the Corporation in its name and to its credit in such banks and other depositories as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation, taking proper vouchers and receipts for such disbursements, and shall render to the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall, when and if required by the Board of Directors, give and file with the Corporation a bond, in such form and amount and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors, for the faithful performance of his or her duties as Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors or the President shall from time to time prescribe.
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Section 8. Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.
Section 9. Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Corporation; provided, however, that notice to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Secretary shall be deemed to constitute notice to the Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect upon receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 10. Removal. Any officer or agent may be removed, either with or without cause, at any time, by the Board of Directors at any meeting called for that purpose; provided, however, that the President may remove any agent appointed by him.
Section 11. Vacancies. Any vacancy among the officers, whether caused by death, resignation, removal or any other cause, shall be filled in the manner which is prescribed for election or appointment to such office.
V
STOCK
Section 1. Form of Certificates. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the name of the Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and (ii) by the Treasurer or Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such holder in the Corporation.
Section 2. Signatures. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
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Section 3. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or such owner's legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
Section 4. Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these By-laws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by such person's attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate thereof, which shall be canceled before a new certificate shall be issued.
Section 5. Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
Section 6. Beneficial Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.
Section 7. Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President or the Secretary and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
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VI
NOTICES
Section 1. Notice. Whenever, under the provisions of the laws of this state or the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any notice, request, demand or other communication is required to be or may be given or made to any officer, director, or registered stockholder, it shall not be construed to mean that such notice, request, demand or other communication must be given or made in person, but the same may be given or made by mail, telegraph, cablegram, telex, or telecopier to such officer, director or registered stockholder. Any such notice, request, demand or other communication shall be considered to have been properly given or made, in the case of mail, telegraph or cable, when deposited in the mail or delivered to the appropriate office for telegraph or cable transmission, and in other cases when transmitted by the party giving or making the same, directed to the officer or director at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation or to a registered stockholder at his address as it appears on the record of stockholders, or, if the stockholder shall have filed with the Secretary of the Corporation a written request that notices to him be mailed to some other address, then directed to the stockholder at such other address. Notice to directors may also be given in accordance with Section 5 of Article III hereof.
Whenever, under the provisions of the laws of this state or the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any notice, request, demand or other communication is required to be or may be given or made to the Corporation, it shall also not be construed to mean that such notice, request, demand or other communication must be given or made in person, but the same may be given or made to the Corporation by mail, telegraph, cablegram, telex, or telecopier. Any such notice, request, demand or other communication shall be considered to have been properly given or made, in the case of mail, telegram or cable, when deposited in the mail or delivered to the appropriate office for telegraph or cable transmission.
Section 2. Waivers of Notice. Whenever any written notice is required to be given under the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws or a statute, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice of such meeting.
Attendance of a person, either in person or by proxy, at any meeting, without protesting prior to the conclusion of the meeting the lack of notice of such meeting, shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting.
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VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting or by any Committee of the Board of Directors having such authority at any meeting thereof, and may be paid in cash, in property, in shares of the capital stock, or in any combination thereof. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.
Section 2. Disbursements. All notes, checks, drafts and orders for the payment of money issued by the Corporation shall be signed in the name of the Corporation by such officers or such other persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 3. Corporation Seal. The corporate seal, if the Corporation shall have a corporate seal, shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware". The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. Indemnification of Directors and Officers in Third Party Proceedings. The Corporation shall indemnify any director or officer of the Corporation who was or is an "authorized representative" of the Corporation (which shall mean for the purposes of this Article a director or officer of the Corporation, or a person serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner or trustee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise) and who was or is a "party" (which shall include for purposes of this Article the giving of testimony or similar involvement) or is threatened to be made a party to any "third party proceeding " (which shall mean for purposes of this Article any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that such person was or is an authorized representative of the Corporation, against expenses (which shall include for purposes of this Article attorney's fees and disbursements), judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such third party proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to a criminal third party proceeding (which shall include for purposes of this Article any investigation which could or does lead to a criminal third party proceeding) had not reasonable cause to believe such conduct was unlawful. The termination of any third party proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, indictment, conviction or upon a plea of no contest or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the authorized representative did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal third party proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such conduct was unlawful.
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Section 2. Indemnification of Directors and Officers in Corporate Proceedings. The Corporation shall indemnify any director or officer of the Corporation who was or is an authorized representative of the Corporation and who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any "corporate proceeding" (which shall mean for purposes of this Article any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor or any investigative proceeding by or on behalf of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that such person was or is an authorized representative of the Corporation, against expenses (including attorneys' fees and disbursements) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such corporate proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of such person's duty to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the court in which such corporate proceeding was pending shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such authorized representative is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court shall deem proper.
Section 3. Indemnification of Authorized Representatives. To the extent that an authorized representative of the Corporation who neither was nor is a director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any third party or corporate proceeding or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith. Such an authorized representative may, at the discretion of the Corporation, be indemnified by the Corporation in any other circumstances to any extent if the Corporation would be required by Section 1 or 2 of this Article VIII to indemnify such person in such circumstances to such extent as if such person were or had been a director or officer of the Corporation.
Section 4. General Terms. Any indemnification under Section 1 and Section 2 of this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he had met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 and Section 2 of this Article VIII. Such determination shall be made (i) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in written opinion, or (iii) by the stockholders.
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Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in these By-laws.
Section 5. Amendment. Any amendment to Article VIII shall not apply to any liability of a director, officer, employee or agent arising out of a transaction or omission occurring prior to the adoption of such amendment, but any such liability based on a transaction or omission occurring prior to the adoption of such amendment shall be governed by Article VIII of these By-laws, as in effect at the time of such transaction or omission.
Section 6. Insurance and Trust Fund. In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute:
(1) the Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of law; and
(2) the Corporation may create a trust fund, grant a security interest and/or use other means (including, without limitation, letters of credit, surety bonds and/or other similar arrangements), as well as enter into contracts providing indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law and including as part thereof provisions with respect to any or all of the foregoing, to ensure the payment of such amount as may become necessary to effect indemnification as provided therein, or elsewhere.
Section 7. Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification, including the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition, to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Section or otherwise with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation.
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IX
AMENDMENTS
Except as otherwise specifically stated within an Article to be altered, amended or repealed, these By-laws may be altered, amended or repealed and new By-laws may be adopted at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of the stockholders, provided notice of the proposed change was given in the notice of the meeting.
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