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Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

 

Form 10-Q

 

 

(Mark One)

 

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012

or

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to             .

Commission File Number: 000-28402

 

 

Aradigm Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

California   94-3133088
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)

3929 Point Eden Way

Hayward, CA 94545

(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

(510) 265-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

(Class)    ( Outstanding at May 9, 2012)
Common    199,285,970

 

 

 


Table of Contents

ARADIGM CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     

Page

 

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

  
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION   

Item 1. Financial Statements

     3   

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (unaudited)

     3   

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (unaudited)

     4   

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March  31, 2012 and 2011 (unaudited)

     5   

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

     6   

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     12   

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     19   

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

     19   
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION   

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

     20   

Item 1A. Risk Factors

     20   

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

     30   

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

     30   

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

     30   

Item 5. Other Information

     30   

Item 6. Exhibits

     31   

Signatures

     32   

 

 

2


Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ARADIGM CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

 

     March 31,
2012
(Unaudited)
    December 31,
2011
(Note 1)
 
ASSETS     

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,953      $ 2,148   

Short-term investments

     5,037        6,516   

Receivables

     49        36   

Prepaid and other current assets

     230        161   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     7,269        8,861   

Property and equipment, net

     1,012        1,113   

Notes receivable

     —          29   

Other assets

     537        553   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 8,818      $ 10,556   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)     

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 183      $ 196   

Accrued clinical and cost of other studies

     253        247   

Accrued compensation

     250        195   

Facility lease exit obligation

     126        120   

Other accrued liabilities

     159        86   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     971        844   

Deferred rent

     138        132   

Facility lease exit obligation, non-current

     577        609   

Other non-current liabilities

     —          75   

Note payable and accrued interest

     8,273        8,207   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     9,959        9,867   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies

    

Shareholders’ equity (deficit):

    

Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding

     —          —     

Common stock, no par value; authorized shares: 213,527,214 at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011; issued and outstanding shares: 198,831,216 at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011

     363,953        363,822   

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     —          1   

Accumulated deficit

     (365,094     (363,134
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

     (1,141     689   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

   $ 8,818      $ 10,556   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

ARADIGM CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
 
     2012     2011  

Revenue:

    

Royalty revenue

   $ 282      $ 182   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

    

Research and development

     786        1,480   

General and administrative

     1,083        1,135   

Restructuring and asset impairment

     9        10   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     1,878        2,625   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from operations

     (1,596     (2,443

Interest income

     4        2   

Interest expense

     (370     (7

Other income

     2        1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (1,960   $ (2,447
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities

     (1     —     

Comprehensive loss

   $ (1,961   $ (2,447
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

   $ (0.01   $ (0.01
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share

     197,923        170,135   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

4


Table of Contents

ARADIGM CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
 
     2012     2011  

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net loss

   $ (1,960   $ (2,447

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:

    

Amortization and accretion of investments

     13        —     

Depreciation and amortization

     101        127   

Stock-based compensation expense

     131        188   

Cost of warrants and options for services

     12        2   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Receivables

     (13     105   

Prepaid and other current assets

     (69     5   

Other assets

     45        1   

Accounts payable

     (13     (67

Accrued compensation

     55        (9

Other liabilities

     58        (344

Deferred rent

     6        11   

Facility lease exit obligation

     (26     (21
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (1,660     (2,449
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Capital expenditures

     —          (5

Purchases of short-term investments

     (650     (250

Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments

     2,115        —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     1,465        (255
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

     (195     (2,704

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     2,148        5,295   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 1,953      $ 2,591   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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Table of Contents

ARADIGM CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2012

1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity

Organization

Aradigm Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a California corporation, incorporated in 1991, focused on the development and commercialization of drugs delivered by inhalation for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases. The Company’s principal activities to date have included conducting research and development and developing collaborations. Management does not anticipate receiving revenues from the sale of any of its products during the year, except for the royalty revenue from Zogenix. The Company operates as a single operating segment.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for fair presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on March 28, 2012 (the “2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). The results of the Company’s consolidated operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full fiscal year or any future interim period.

The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations. At March 31, 2012, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $365.1 million, working capital of $6.3 million and shareholders’ deficit of $1.1 million. The Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $7.0 million as of March 31, 2012. Management believes that this amount will be sufficient to meet its obligations through at least the fourth quarter of 2012 because the Company will continue to defer certain discretionary activities.

The Company will require additional capital to fund its drug development and operating activities and is currently seeking additional financing, which may include a collaborative arrangement, an equity offering, or sale or licensing of non-core assets, in order to continue such activities. If the Company is unable to complete such a transaction or is unable to obtain sufficient financing on acceptable terms or otherwise, the Company may be required to further reduce, defer or discontinue its activities or may not be able to continue as a going concern.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, assumptions for valuing options and warrants, and income taxes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

 

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Table of Contents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents.

Investments

Management determines the appropriate classification of the Company’s marketable securities, which consist solely of debt securities, at the time of purchase. All investments are classified as available-for-sale, carried at estimated fair value and reported in short-term investments. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and losses. Fair values of investments are based on quoted market prices where available. Investment income is recognized when earned and includes interest, dividends, amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and realized gains and losses on sales of securities. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company regularly reviews all of its investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. When the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment below the Company’s accounting basis is other-than-temporary, the Company reduces the carrying value of the securities held and records a loss equal to the amount of any such decline. No such reductions have been required during any of the periods presented.

Property and Equipment

The Company records property and equipment at cost and calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Machinery and equipment includes external costs incurred for validation of the equipment. The Company does not capitalize internal validation expense. Computer equipment and software includes capitalized computer software. All of the Company’s capitalized software is purchased; the Company has no internally-developed computer software. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life of the improvement.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment—Overall, the Company reviews for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities

In accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, the Company recognizes a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred. The Company accounted for the partial sublease of its headquarters building as an exit activity and recorded the sublease loss in its statement of operations (see Note 5).

According to ASC 420, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that was used to measure the liability initially.

Revenue Recognition

Contract revenues consist of revenues from grants, collaboration agreements and feasibility studies. The Company recognizes revenue under the provisions of the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated and ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition-Multiple Elements. Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured.

In accordance with contract terms, milestone payments from collaborative research agreements are considered reimbursements for costs incurred under the agreements and, accordingly, are recognized as revenue either upon completion of the milestone effort, when payments are contingent upon completion of the effort, or are based on actual efforts expended over the remaining term of the agreement when payments precede the required efforts. Refundable development payments are deferred until specific performance criteria are achieved. Refundable development payments are generally not refundable once specific performance criteria are achieved and accepted.

 

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Table of Contents

Collaborative license and development agreements that require the Company to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and product steering committee services and other performance obligations, are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under ASC 605-25, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to the Company’s collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exists. Deliverables that meet these criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses. The Company expenses research and development costs as such costs are incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50, Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards and stock issued under the employee stock purchase plan. These standards require companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option-pricing model. See Note 7 for further discussion of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

Income Taxes

The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the Company estimating its current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities which are included in the balance sheets.

The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. It considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including the historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If the Company does not consider it more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable. At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company believed that the amount of its deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company would recognize a benefit to its tax provision in the period in which it determines that it is more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of restricted shares of common stock subject to repurchase. Potentially dilutive securities were not included in the net loss per common share calculation for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, because the inclusion of such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2012, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in the Company’s Form 10-K that are of significance or potential significance to the Company.

 

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Table of Contents

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the amortized cost of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments approximated their fair values. All short-term investments at March 31, 2012 mature in less than one year. The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in money market funds, commercial paper and corporate and government notes. All of these securities are classified as available-for-sale with the unrealized gain and loss being recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.

4. Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements, (now referred to as ASC 820) which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value and requires disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 values are based on quoted prices in active markets. Level 2 values are based on significant other observable inputs. Level 3 values are based on significant unobservable inputs. The following table presents the fair value level for the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. The Company does not have any liabilities that are measured at fair value.

 

     Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using  

Description

   Balance
March  31,
2012
     Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets

(Level 1)
     Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs

(Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(Level 3)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,953       $ 1,603       $ 350       $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Short-term investments:

           

Commercial paper

   $ 400       $ —         $ 400       $ —     

Certificates of deposit

     485         —           485         —     

U.S. treasury and agencies

     4,152         —           4,152         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 5,037       $ —         $ 5,037       $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2012 consist of cash, commercial paper and money market funds. Money market funds are valued using quoted market prices. The Company’s short-term investments at March 31, 2012 consist of commercial paper, certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury and agency notes. The Company uses an independent third party pricing service to value these securities. The pricing service uses observable inputs such as new issue money market rates, adjustment spreads, corporate actions and other factors and applies a series of matrices pricing model. The Company performs a review of prices reported by the pricing service to determine if they are reasonable estimates of fair value. In addition, the Company performs a review of its securities to determine the proper classification in accordance with the fair value hierarchy.

5. Sublease Agreement and Lease Exit Liability

The Company has a lease for a building containing offices, laboratory and manufacturing facilities, which expires in 2016. A portion of this lease obligation is offset by a sublease to Mendel Biotechnology, Inc. (“Mendel”). On July 18, 2007, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Mendel under which the Company subleases to Mendel approximately 48,000 square feet of the 72,000 square foot facility located at 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA. In April 2009, the Company entered into an amendment to its sublease agreement with Mendel to sublease an additional 1,550 square feet. In January 2012, the Company entered into a second amendment to the sublease agreement with Mendel in which Mendel waived their right to early termination and agreed to sublease an additional 3,300 square feet commencing around April 1, 2012. The sublease with Mendel now expires concurrently with the Company’s master lease for the Hayward facility in 2016.

The Company recorded a $2.1 million impairment expense related to the sublease for the year ended December 31, 2007. The Company recorded this expense and the related lease exit liability because the monthly payments the Company expects to receive under the sublease are less than the amounts that the Company will owe the lessor for the sublease space. The fair value of the lease exit liability was determined using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate to discount the estimated future net cash flows, consisting of the minimum lease payments to the lessor for the sublease space and payments the Company will receive under the sublease. The sublease loss and ongoing accretion expense required to record the lease exit liability at its fair value using the interest method have been recorded as part of restructuring and asset impairment expense in the statement of operations.

 

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The lease exit liability activity for the three months ended March 31, 2012 is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Three Months Ended
March  31, 2012
 

Balance at January 1, 2012

   $ 729   

Accretion expense

     9   

Lease payments

     (35
  

 

 

 

Balance at March 31, 2012

   $ 703   
  

 

 

 

As of March 31, 2012, $126,000 of the $703,000 balance was recorded as a current liability and $577,000 was recorded as a non-current liability.

6. Royalty Agreement, Note Payable and Accrued Interest

Zogenix

In August 2006, the Company sold all of its assets related to the Intraject needle-free injector technology platform and products, including 12 United States patents along with foreign counterparts, to Zogenix, Inc. Zogenix is responsible for further development and commercialization efforts of Intraject (now rebranded under the name DosePro*). Under the terms of the asset sale agreement, the Company received a $4.0 million initial payment from Zogenix and was entitled to a $4.0 million milestone payment upon initial U.S. commercialization, as well as royalty payments upon commercialization of DosePro products. In December 2007, Zogenix submitted a New Drug Application (“NDA”) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the migraine drug sumatriptan using the needle-free injector DosePro (“SUMAVEL* DosePro”). On July 16, 2009, Zogenix announced that it had received approval from the FDA for its NDA for SUMAVEL DosePro needle-free delivery system.

Under the terms of the asset sale agreement the Company is entitled to receive quarterly royalty payments from Zogenix in the amount of 3% of Net Sales of DosePro products. The Company recorded royalty revenue of $282,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2012.

Note Payable and Accrued Interest

On June 21, 2011, the Company entered into an $8.5 million royalty financing agreement with a syndicate of lenders. The agreement created a debt obligation (the “Term Loan”) that will be repaid through and secured by royalties from net sales of the SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system payable to the Company under its Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with Zogenix.

Under the terms of the royalty financing agreement, the Company received a loan of $8.5 million, less fees and expenses (approximately $473,000) and an additional $250,000 set aside for an Interest Reserve Account. The lenders are entitled to receive 100% of all royalties payable to the Company under the APA until the principal and accrued interest of the Term Loan are fully repaid, after which time the benefit of any further royalties made under the APA will accrue to Aradigm. The Term Loan will accrue interest at the rate equal to the greater of a) LIBOR or b) 1.50%, plus a margin of 14.5%. To the extent royalty payments are insufficient to pay accrued and unpaid interest under the financing, the shortfall will be funded from the Interest Reserve Account or, if the account is insufficient to pay all of the interest due, the shortfall will be capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. During the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Interest Reserve Account was fully utilized and future shortfalls will be capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. The lenders were granted a security interest in the assets of an Aradigm subsidiary, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC, which holds Aradigm’s rights to receive royalty payments under the APA. The lenders have no recourse to other assets of Aradigm for repayment of the loan. Amortization of the Term Loan will occur to the extent that royalties payments received for any quarter exceed accrued interest due for that quarter.

The Company has the right to prepay the Term Loan after June 21, 2012, subject to the payment of the principal balance plus a prepayment fee of 8% of the outstanding balance if prepaid in months 13-24 following the transaction closing date of June 21, 2011; 4% if prepaid in months 25-36; and 2% if prepaid in months 37-48. There will be no prepayment fee for prepaying the Term Loan after the 48 month anniversary of the closing date. In addition, the Company has the right to make partial prepayments in an amount no less than the greater of (i) 10% of the principal balance of the Term Loan outstanding as of the applicable prepayment date or (ii) $1,000,000. Under no circumstances will the receipt of royalty payments from Zogenix in excess of the accrued interest then due be considered prepayments under the Term Loan.

 

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In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 470 — Debt, the Company capitalized the fees and expenses of approximately $473,000 and recorded this amount in other assets. The capitalized expenses will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over a period of 48 months. The Interest Reserve Account was recorded in prepaid and other current assets.

In connection with the transaction, the Company issued to the lenders warrants to purchase a total of 2,840,909 shares of the Company’s common stock at a strike price of $0.22 per share, representing a 20% premium above the average closing price of the Company’s common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the closing of the transaction. The warrants expire on December 31, 2016. In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 815 – Derivatives and Hedging, the warrants were accounted for as equity instruments and their fair value was determined to be approximately $390,000. The relative fair value of the warrants is considered a discount against the note and was recorded as a reduction of the note payable. The note discount is being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method with an annual rate of 18.7% over a period of 48 months.

7. Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options and Awards

The following table shows the stock-based compensation expense included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

 

     March 31,      March 31,  
     2012      2011  

Costs and expenses:

     

Research and development

   $ 44       $ 64   

General and administrative

     87         124   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

   $ 131       $ 188   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

There was no capitalized stock-based employee compensation cost for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011. Since the Company incurred net losses during the quarters ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, there was no recognized tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation expense.

The total amount of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options and stock purchases, net of forfeitures, was $0.2 million as of March 31, 2012. This amount will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.65 years.

For restricted stock awards, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period for the fair value of the stock award on the measurement date. The total fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $11,000. The Company retained purchase rights with respect to 856,738 shares of unvested restricted stock awards issued pursuant to stock purchase agreements at no cost per share as of March 31, 2012. As of March 31, 2012, there was $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation costs, net of forfeitures, related to non-vested stock awards which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.44 years.

Stock Option Plans: 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan

The 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “1996 Plan”) and the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”), which amended, restated and retitled the 1996 Plan, were adopted to provide a means by which selected officers, directors, scientific advisory board members and employees of and consultants to the Company and its affiliates could be given an opportunity to acquire an equity interest in the Company. All employees, directors, officers, scientific advisory board members and consultants of the Company are eligible to participate in the 2005 Plan. During 2000, the Board of Directors approved the termination of the 1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”). This termination had no effect on options already outstanding under the Directors’ Plan.

Stock Option Activity

The following is a summary of activity under the 1996 Plan, the 2005 Plan and the Directors’ Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2012:

 

            Options Outstanding  
     Shares Available
for Grant of
Option or Award
     Number of
Shares
    Exercise Price Range      Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 

Balance at January 1, 2012

     750,133         6,843,508      $ 0.12         —         $ 24.10       $ 1.05   

Options cancelled

     253,334         (253,334   $ 0.17         —         $ 24.10       $ 4.43   
  

 

 

    

 

 

            

Balance at March 31, 2012

     1,003,467         6,590,174      $ 0.12         —         $ 20.40       $ 0.92   
  

 

 

    

 

 

            

 

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Aggregate intrinsic value is the sum of the amounts by which the quoted market price of the Company’s stock exceeded the exercise price of the stock options at March 31, 2012 for those stock options for which the quoted market price was in excess of the exercise price (“in-the-money options”). As of March 31, 2012, options to purchase 5,860,548 shares of common stock were exercisable and had an aggregate intrinsic value of $15,000. No stock options were exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2012.

A summary of the Company’s unvested restricted stock and performance bonus stock award activities as of March 31, 2012 is presented below representing the maximum number of shares that could be earned or vested under the 2005 Plan:

 

     Number
of

Shares
    Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
 

Balance at December 31, 2011

     938,976      $ 0.19   

Restricted share awards vested

     (82,238     0.19   
  

 

 

   

Balance at March 31, 2012

     856,738      $ 0.19   
  

 

 

   

8. Net Loss Per Common Share

The Company computes basic net loss per common share using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of shares of common stock subject to repurchase. The effects of including the incremental shares associated with options, warrants and unvested restricted stock are anti-dilutive, and are not included in the diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.

The Company excluded the following securities from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, as their effect would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

 

     Three months ended
March  31,
 
     2012      2011  

Outstanding stock options

     6,590         6,420   

Unvested restricted stock

     857         2,088   

Unvested restricted stock units

     412         333   

9. Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss includes net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), which for the Company is primarily comprised of unrealized holding gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale securities that are excluded from the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in computing net loss. Comprehensive loss and its components are as follows (in thousands):

 

     Three months ended
March 31,
 
     2012      2011  

Net loss

   $  (1,960)       $ (2,447)   

Other comprehensive income (loss):

     

Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities

     (1)         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

   $ (1,961)       $  (2,447)   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that are based on the current beliefs of management, as well as current assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than statements that are purely historical, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “continue,” “seek,” “estimate,”, “probably”, “potentially” or the

 

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negative thereof and similar expressions also identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our future actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any such forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those risks and uncertainties discussed in this section, as well as in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Forward looking statements include our belief that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of March 31, 2012 will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operations through at least the fourth quarter of 2012, our expectation that we will advance Pulmaquin™ into Phase 3 clinical trials, our expectation that we will incur operating losses for the foreseeable future, our anticipation regarding revenue, collaboration agreements and our longer-term strategy and our expectations regarding clinical trials and orphan drug designations.

These forward-looking statements and our business are subject to significant risks including, but not limited to, our ability to obtain additional financing, the success of product development efforts, obtaining and enforcing patents important to our business, clearing the lengthy and expensive regulatory approval process and possible competition from other products. Even if product candidates appear promising at various stages of development, they may not reach the market or may not be commercially successful for a number of reasons. Such reasons include, but are not limited to, the possibilities that the potential products may be found to be ineffective during clinical trials, may fail to receive necessary regulatory approvals, may be difficult to manufacture on a large scale, are uneconomical to market, may be precluded from commercialization by proprietary rights of third parties or may not gain acceptance from health care professionals and patients.

Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained herein, which speak only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements in light of events or circumstances occurring after the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Overview

We are an emerging specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of drugs delivered by inhalation for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases by pulmonologists. Over the last decade, we invested a large amount of capital to develop drug delivery technologies, particularly the development of a significant amount of expertise in pulmonary (respiratory) drug delivery as incorporated in our lead product candidate entering Phase 3 clinical trials, Pulmaquin. We also invested considerable effort into the generation of a large volume of laboratory and clinical data demonstrating the performance of our AERx™ pulmonary drug delivery platform and other proprietary technologies, including our inhaled ciprofloxacin formulations. We have not been profitable since inception and expect to incur additional operating losses over at least the foreseeable future as we continue product development efforts, clinical trial activities, animal toxicology and safety testing and possible sales, marketing and contract manufacturing efforts. To date, we have not had any significant product sales and do not anticipate receiving revenues from the sale of any of our products in the near term. As of March 31, 2012, we had an accumulated deficit of $365.1 million. Historically, we have funded our operations primarily through public offerings and private placements of our capital stock, license fees and milestone payments from collaborators, proceeds from our January 2005 restructuring transaction with Novo Nordisk, borrowings from Novo Nordisk, the milestone and royalty payments associated with the sale of Intraject-related assets to Zogenix, proceeds from our June 2011 royalty financing transaction and interest earned on cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Over the last six years, our business has focused on opportunities in the development of drugs for the treatment of severe respiratory disease that could be developed by us and commercialized in the United States, or another significant territory such as the European Union (EU). Our longer term strategy to commercialize our respiratory product candidates with our own focused marketing and sales force addressing pulmonary specialty doctors in the United States or in the EU, where we believe that a proprietary sales force will enhance the return to our shareholders. Where our products can benefit a broader population of patients in the United States or in other countries, we may enter into co-development, co-promotion or other marketing arrangements with collaborators, thereby reducing costs and increasing revenues through license fees, milestone payments and royalties. In selecting our proprietary development programs, we primarily seek drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that can be reformulated for both existing and new indications in respiratory disease. Our intent is to use our pulmonary delivery methods and formulations to improve their safety, efficacy and convenience of administration to patients. We believe that this strategy will allow us to reduce cost, development time and risk of failure, when compared to the discovery and development of new chemical entities.

Inhaled Ciprofloxacin Program

Our lead development candidates are proprietary formulations of the potent antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Pulmaquin (ARD-3150) and Lipoquin™ (ARD-3100)) that are delivered by inhalation for the management of infections associated with the severe respiratory diseases cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (BE). The formulations differ in the proportion of rapidly available

 

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and slow release ciprofloxacin. Pulmaquin uses the slow release liposomal formulation (Lipoquin) mixed with a small amount of ciprofloxacin dissolved in an aqueous medium. We received orphan drug designations for Lipoquin for both of these indications in the United States and for CF in the EU. We requested orphan drug designation from the FDA for Pulmaquin for the management of BE and we were granted orphan drug designation for ciprofloxacin for inhalation for this indication. We may seek orphan drug designation for other eligible product candidates we develop. We have reported the results of one successful Phase 2b trial with Lipoquin and one successful Phase 2b trial with Pulmaquin in BE. We have also conducted one successful Phase 2a trial with Lipoquin in CF and one successful Phase 2a trial with Lipoquin in BE.

In June 2008, we completed a multi-center 14-day treatment Phase 2a trial in Australia and New Zealand in 21 CF patients with once daily dosing of 6 mL of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin (Lipoquin, ARD-3100). The primary efficacy endpoint in this Phase 2a study was the change from baseline in the sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa colony forming units (CFU), an objective measure of the reduction in pulmonary bacterial load. Data analysis in 21 patients who completed the study demonstrated that the CFUs decreased by a mean 1.43 log against baseline over the 14-day treatment period (p<0.0001). Evaluation one week after study treatment was discontinued showed that the Pseudomonas bacterial density in the lung was still reduced from the baseline without additional antibiotic use. Pulmonary function testing as measured by the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) showed a significant mean increase of 6.86% from baseline after 14 days of treatment (p=0.04). The study drug was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events reported during the trial.

In December 2008, we completed an open-label, four week treatment study with once daily inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin (Lipoquin, ARD-3100) in patients with BE. The study was conducted at eight leading centers in the United Kingdom and enrolled a total of 36 patients. The patients were randomized into two equal size groups, one receiving 3 mL of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin and the other receiving 6 mL of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin, once-a-day for the four-week treatment period. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in the sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFUs, the standard objective measure of the reduction in pulmonary bacterial load. The 3 mL and 6 mL doses of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin in the evaluable patient population demonstrated significant mean decreases against baseline in the CFUs over the 28-day treatment period of 3.5 log (p<0.001) and 4.0 log (p<0.001) units, respectively.

In August 2009, the European Medicines Agency granted Orphan Drug Designation to our inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin drug product candidate Lipoquin (ARD-3100) for the treatment of lung infections associated with CF. Under European guidelines, Orphan Medicinal Product Designation provides 10 years of potential market exclusivity if the product candidate is the first product candidate for the indication approved for marketing in the EU. Orphan drug designation also allows the candidate’s sponsor to seek assistance from the European Medicines Agency in optimizing the candidate’s clinical development through participation in designing the clinical protocol and preparing the marketing application. Additionally, a drug candidate designated by the Commission as an Orphan Medicinal Product may qualify for a reduction in regulatory fees as well as a EU-funded research grant. We had previously been granted orphan drug designations by the FDA for inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin Lipoquin (ARD-3100) for the management of CF and for BE.

In November 2009, the first patient was dosed in the ORBIT-2 (Once-daily Respiratory Bronchiectasis Inhalation Treatment) trial, a 168 day, multicenter, international Phase 2b clinical trial of inhaled ciprofloxacin with the Pulmaquin (ARD-3150) formulation in 42 adult patients with BE. ORBIT-2 explored whether the novel formulation Pulmaquin, which has a different drug release profile than Lipoquin, may have additional therapeutic benefits. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Australia and New Zealand. Following a 14 day screening period, the patients were treated once-a-day for 28 days with either the active drug, or placebo, followed by a 28 day off-treatment period. This on-off sequence was repeated three times. The primary endpoint was defined as the mean change in Pseudomonas aeruginosa density in sputum (CFUs — per gram) from baseline to day 28 of the active treatment group versus placebo. Safety and tolerability assessments of the treatment versus placebo group were performed and secondary efficacy endpoints being assessed included long term microbiological responses, time to an exacerbation, severity of exacerbations, length of time to resolve exacerbations and changes in lung function and in quality of life measurements.

In October 2010, we announced positive top line data from the ORBIT-2 study. Statistical significance was achieved in the primary endpoint — the mean change in Pseudomonas aeruginosa density in sputum from baseline to day 28. In the full analysis population (full analysis set includes all patients who were randomized, received at least one dose and provided samples for at least two time points), there was a significant mean reduction of 4.2 log10 units in the Pulmaquin group, reflecting an almost sixteen-thousand fold decrease in bacterial load, versus a very small mean decrease of 0.1 log10 units in the placebo group (p=0.004). Secondary endpoint analysis showed that 17 subjects in the placebo group required supplemental antibiotics for respiratory-related infections versus 8 subjects in the Pulmaquin group (p=0.05). As announced in January 2011, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median time to first pulmonary exacerbation in the per protocol evaluation increased from 58 days in the placebo group to 134

 

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days in the active treatment group and was statistically significant (p<0.05, log rank test). Pulmaquin was well tolerated and there were no significant decreases in lung function, as measured by FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), at 28 days in either group. Overall, the incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in both the placebo and treatment groups; however, Pulmaquin had a superior pulmonary safety profile reflected in the number and severity of pulmonary adverse events. As announced in May 2011, further statistical analysis concluded that the reduction from baseline in Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFUs with Pulmaquin was rapid and persistent throughout the treatment cycles as exemplified by the statistically significant reductions of the mean log CFU values in the Pulmaquin group versus the placebo at day 14 and day 28 during the first treatment cycle, as well as at the end of the second and third cycles of treatment (days 84 and 140, respectively).

In February 2010, the first patient was dosed in the U.S. as part of the ORBIT-1 trial. This Phase 2b trial, an international, double-blind, placebo-controlled study being conducted under a U.S. FDA IND approved in July 2009, randomized 95 patients and completed enrollment in March 2011. The ORBIT-1 study design called for four weeks of once-daily inhaled doses of the active drug (Lipoquin) or once-daily inhaled placebo. Two doses of the active drug were included in the study — 100 or 150 mg ciprofloxacin delivered by inhalation as 2 or 3 mL of liposomal dispersion, respectively. The primary efficacy endpoint was a standard measure of antibacterial activity — the change from baseline in sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFUs. Secondary endpoints included quality of life measurements and improvement of outcomes with respect to exacerbations. Lung function changes were monitored for safety.

In June 2011, we announced positive top line data from the ORBIT-1 study. The primary endpoint—the mean change in Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFUs per gram of sputum from baseline to day 28 — was met in the full analysis population: The full analysis set included all patients who were randomized, received at least one dose and provided samples for at least two time points. There was a significant mean reduction (p<0.001) of 2.942 log10 CFUs in the 3mL Lipoquin group and a significant mean reduction (p< 0.001) of 3.842 log10 CFUs in the 2mL Lipoquin group compared to placebos. Pooled placebo groups had a mean reduction of log10 CFUs of 0.437. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 mL and 3 mL Lipoquin doses. Lipoquin was well-tolerated and no bronchodilator treatment was mandated before inhaled study treatments. There were no statistically significant differences between the active and placebo groups in the number of patients experiencing at least one respiratory treatment-emergent adverse event. The incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) was low; there were a total of 6 SAEs and none of them were treatment related.

In December 2011, we completed the analysis of all preclinical and clinical data from the two different formulations of inhaled ciprofloxacin (Pulmaquin and Lipoquin) and determined that Pulmaquin showed superior performance. We plan, therefore, to take Pulmaquin forward into Phase 3 clinical trials. In order to expedite anticipated time to market and increase market acceptance, we have elected to deliver our formulations via an FDA-approved, widely-accepted nebulizer system for each of our clinical trials and we intend to continue using this approach and obtain initial marketing approval also with a currently FDA-approved nebulizer system. In March 2012, we announced the FDA clearance of the Phase 3 IND for Pulmaquin in BE patients; the first human study under this IND is the first of the two identical Phase 3 studies in BE patients with Pulmaquin. Because we have chosen Pulmaquin as our lead formulation and in order to reduce the administrative burden of maintaining open regulatory filings, the existing IND filings for Lipoquin for BE and CF have been inactivated.

Zogenix DosePro Technology and Royalty Financing Agreement

In August 2006, we sold all of our assets related to the Intraject needle-free injector technology platform and products, including 12 U.S. patents along with foreign counterparts, to Zogenix, Inc., a private company. Zogenix is responsible for further development and commercialization efforts of Intraject (now rebranded under the name DosePro). In conjunction with the sale, we received a $4 million initial payment from Zogenix, with an additional milestone payment of $4 million and royalty payments payable upon any commercialization of products in the U.S. and other countries, including the EU, developed and sold using the DosePro technology.

In July 2009, Zogenix was granted approval by the FDA of the SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system for the treatment of acute migraine and cluster headache. On January 13, 2010, Zogenix announced the U.S. commercial launch of SUMAVEL DosePro. In February 2010, we received from Zogenix the $4 million milestone payable upon the initial commercialization of SUMAVEL DosePro and we are entitled to quarterly royalty payments of 3% of net sales on all SUMAVEL DosePro sales. In December 2010, SUMAVEL received its first regulatory approval in the EU by the Danish Medicines Agency. Five weeks later, the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices of Germany (BrArM) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency of the United Kingdom (MHRA ) granted approval of SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system for the acute treatment of migraine attacks, with or without aura, and the acute treatment of cluster headache. Germany and the United Kingdom are two of the largest pharmaceutical markets in Europe. We are entitled to a 3% royalty on net sales of SUMAVEL DosePro in all territories.

On June 21, 2011, we entered into an $8.5 million royalty financing agreement (the “Royalty Agreement”) with a syndicate of lenders arranged by PBS Capital Management LLC (“PBS Capital”). The Royalty Agreement created a debt obligation (the “Term Loan”) that will be repaid through and secured by royalties we receive from net sales of the SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system payable to us under the Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with Zogenix (the “Transaction”).

 

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Under the terms of the Royalty Agreement, we received a loan of $8.5 million, less fees and expenses (approximately $473,000) and an additional $250,000 set aside for an Interest Reserve Account (as defined in the Royalty Agreement). The lenders are entitled to receive 100% of all royalties payable to us under the APA until the principal and accrued interest of the Term Loan are fully repaid, after which time the benefit of any further royalties made under the APA will accrue to Aradigm. The Term Loan will accrue interest at the rate equal to the greater of a) LIBOR or b) 1.50%, plus a margin of 14.5%. To the extent royalty payments are insufficient to pay accrued and unpaid interest under the financing, the shortfall will be funded from the Interest Reserve Account or, if the account is insufficient to pay all of the interest due, the shortfall will be capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. During the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Interest Reserve Account was fully utilized and future shortfalls will be capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. The lenders were granted a security interest in the assets of an Aradigm subsidiary that holds Aradigm’s rights to receive royalty payments under the APA. The lenders have no recourse to other assets of Aradigm for repayment of the loan. Amortization of the Term Loan will occur to the extent that royalty payments received for any quarter exceed accrued interest due for that quarter.

We have the right to prepay the Term Loan after June 21, 2012, subject to the payment of the principal balance plus a prepayment fee of 8% of the outstanding balance if prepaid in months 13-24 following the Transaction closing date of June 21, 2011; 4% if prepaid in months 25-36; and 2% if prepaid in months 37-48. There will be no prepayment fee for prepaying the Term Loan after the 48 month anniversary of the closing date. In addition, we have the right to make partial prepayments in an amount no less than the greater of (i) 10% of the principal balance of the Term Loan outstanding as of the applicable prepayment date or (ii) $1,000,000. Under no circumstances will the receipt of royalty payments from Zogenix in excess of the accrued interest then due be considered prepayments under the Term Loan.

In connection with the Transaction, we issued warrants to the lender to purchase a total of 2,840,909 shares of our common stock at a strike price of $0.22 per share, representing a 20% premium above the average closing price of our common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the closing of the Transaction. The warrants expire on December 31, 2016.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We consider certain accounting policies related to revenue recognition, impairment of long-lived assets, exit/disposal activities, research and development, income taxes and stock-based compensation to be critical accounting policies that require the use of significant judgments and estimates relating to matters that are inherently uncertain and may result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes to the financial statements. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations and assumptions for valuing options, warrants and other stock-based compensation. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Contract revenues consist of revenues from grants, collaboration agreements and feasibility studies. We recognize revenue under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated (“SAB 104”) and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-25, Revenue Arrangements-Multiple Element Arrangements (“ASC 605-25”). Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured.

Collaborative license and development agreements often require us to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and development, product steering committee services and other performance obligations. These agreements are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under this standard, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to our collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exist.

Deliverables that meet these criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting.

Royalty revenue will be earned under the terms of the asset sale agreement with Zogenix. We will recognize revenue when the amounts under this agreement can be determined and when collectability is probable. We have no performance obligations under this agreement. We anticipate recognizing revenue from quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears since we believe that we will not be able to determine quarterly royalty earnings until we receive our royalty statements and payments from Zogenix.

 

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360-10, Property, Plant & Equipment – Overall, we review for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, we write down the assets to their estimated fair values and recognize the loss in the statements of operations.

Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities

In accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, we recognize a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred, except for a liability for one-time termination benefits that is incurred over time. According to ASC 420, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the risk-free interest rate that was used to measure the liability initially. We recorded losses under this standard for the Mendel sublease in 2007 and for the sublease of additional space in 2009 since the sublease rate was less than the rental rate that we are paying.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses. Research and development expenses that are reimbursed under collaborative and government grants approximate the revenue recognized under such agreements. We expense research and development costs as incurred.

Income Taxes

We make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. In addition, we evaluate our tax positions to ensure that a minimum recognition threshold is met before we recognize the tax position in the financial statements. The aforementioned differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our balance sheets.

We assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including our historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If we do not consider it more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets, we will record a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that we estimate will not ultimately be recoverable. At March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we believed that the amount of our deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, we recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we would recognize a benefit to our tax provision in the period in which we determine that it is more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50, Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to stock-based payments including stock options, restricted stock awards and stock issued under the employee stock purchase plan. These ASC topics require companies to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option pricing model.

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock-based awards as of the grant date. The Black-Scholes model is complex and dependent upon key data input estimates. The primary data inputs with the greatest degree of judgment

 

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are the estimated lives of the stock options and the estimated volatility of our stock price. The Black-Scholes model is highly sensitive to changes in these two inputs. The expected term of the options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. We use the simplified method to estimate the expected term as an input into the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We determine expected volatility using the historical method, which is based on the historical daily trading data of our common stock over the expected term of the option. For more information about our accounting for stock-based compensation, see Note 9 to the audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on recent accounting pronouncements.

Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

Our net loss decreased by $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 as compared with the three months ended March 31, 2011. This favorable result is primarily due to lower operating expenses as compared with the prior year period. Operating expenses were lower as our Phase 2b trials are now substantially concluded.

Total revenue was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 as compared with $0.2 million in the comparable period in 2011. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, we recorded $0.3 million in royalty revenue related to ongoing SUMAVEL DosePro product sales.

Operating expenses were $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, which represented a $0.7 million decrease from the prior year. Research and development expenses decreased $0.7 million. The decrease in research and development expenses was due to slightly lower headcount and lower clinical costs. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, lower clinical costs were mainly due to lower contract manufacturing costs related to the production of liposomal ciprofloxacin for the Phase 2b trials, lower contract testing costs for various toxicology studies and lower clinical trial costs due to the expenses associated with the Phase 2b trials that occurred in the prior year period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2012, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $7.0 million and total working capital of $6.3 million. We assess our liquidity primarily by the amount of our cash and cash equivalents and short term investments less our current liabilities. We believe that this amount will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operations through at least the fourth quarter of 2012.

Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily through public offerings and private placements of our capital stock, license fees and milestone payments from collaborators, proceeds from the January 2005 restructuring transaction with Novo Nordisk, borrowings from Novo Nordisk, the milestone and royalty payments associated with the sale of Intraject-related assets to Zogenix and interest earned on investments. We have incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. At March 31, 2012, we had an accumulated deficit of $365.1 million and shareholders’ deficit of $1.1 million.

We are currently focusing primarily on establishing funded partnering agreements and sale or out-licensing of non-strategic assets as the means to generate the capital resources needed to fund the further development and commercialization of inhaled ciprofloxacin for the bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis indications. If we are unable to find financing on acceptable terms, we may be required to further reduce or defer our activities or discontinue operations.

Three months ended March 31, 2012

Total cash and cash equivalents decreased by $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to December 31, 2011. The overall decrease primarily resulted from the use of cash to fund operations of $1.7 million, as well as the purchase of short-term investments of $0.6 million offset by the proceeds from the maturity of short-term investments of $2.1 million.

 

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Three months ended March 31, 2011

Total cash and cash equivalents decreased by $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, compared to December 31, 2010. The overall decrease primarily resulted from the use of cash to fund operations of $2.4 million, as well as the purchase of short-term investments of $0.3 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Financings and Liabilities

Other than contractual obligations incurred in the normal course of business, we do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities, guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests in transferred assets or any obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity. We have one active, wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in Delaware, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC, and we have one inactive, wholly-owned subsidiary domiciled in the United Kingdom.

 

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The disclosures in this section are not required since the Company qualifies as a smaller reporting company.

 

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information that we are required to disclose in reports that management files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective at the “reasonable assurance” level. We believe that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and risk factors set forth in the 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC, the following risk factors should be considered carefully before you decide whether to buy, hold or sell our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business, financial conditions, results of operations and stock price.

The risk factors included herein include any material changes to and supersede the risk factors associated with our business previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have marked with a double asterisk (**) those risk factors that reflect substantive changes from the risk factors included in the 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Risks Related to Our Business

We are a development-stage company.

You must evaluate us in light of the uncertainties and complexities present in a development-stage company. All of our potential products are in research or development. Our potential drug products require extensive research, development and pre-clinical and clinical testing. Our potential products also may involve lengthy regulatory reviews before they can be sold. Because none of our product candidates has yet received approval by the FDA, we cannot assure you that our research and development efforts will be successful, any of our potential products will be proven safe and effective or regulatory clearance or approval to sell any of our potential products will be obtained. We cannot assure you that any of our potential products can be manufactured in commercial quantities or at an acceptable cost or marketed successfully. We may abandon the development of some or all of our product candidates at any time and without prior notice. We must incur substantial up-front expenses to develop and commercialize products and failure to achieve commercial feasibility, demonstrate safety, achieve clinical efficacy, obtain regulatory approval or successfully manufacture and market products will negatively impact our business.

**We may need to raise additional capital and we may not be able to raise additional capital on a timely basis, on reasonable terms or at all.

We believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of March 31, 2012 will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operations through at least the fourth quarter of 2012. However, our current financial resources are inadequate to advance our product candidates through development. Although we are making efforts to form collaborative partnerships with other companies that would fully or partly fund the development of our product candidates, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to complete such transactions on time or at all, or that such transactions alone will be adequate to finalize the development of any of our product candidates. We currently have fewer than 2 million authorized unallocated common shares available for future equity financings and we may not be able to use common shares for future equity financings without shareholder approval. We have placed a proposal before our shareholders for a vote at our Annual Meeting of Shareholders on May 25, 2012, to increase the number of authorized unallocated common shares to allow us additional flexibility to use our capital stock for business and financial purposes in the future. We can provide no assurance that the shareholders will approve this proposal.

We will need to commit substantial funds to develop our product candidates, specifically to fund Phase 3 clinical trials for our inhaled ciprofloxacin program, and we may not be able to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms or at all, especially in light of the current difficult financing environment. If we are unable to obtain capital on acceptable terms, we may be required to defer our product development activities. Our operations to date have consumed substantial amounts of cash and have generated no significant direct product revenues. We expect negative operating cash flows to continue for at least the foreseeable future. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

 

   

the scope, rate of progress, results and costs of clinical trials of our product candidates and preclinical testing of those candidates and other potential candidates;

 

   

our ability to establish collaborative arrangements with others and the terms of those arrangements;

 

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the time and costs associated with seeking and maintaining regulatory approvals;

 

   

our progress in the application of our delivery and formulation technologies, which may require further refinement of these technologies;

 

   

the number of product development programs we pursue and the pace of each program;

 

   

our progress with formulation development;

 

   

our ability to outsource the manufacture of our product candidates and the costs of doing so;

 

   

the time and costs associated with establishing in-house resources to market and sell certain of our products;

 

   

the costs of preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims, and

 

   

our need to acquire licenses or other rights for our product candidates.

Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public offerings and private placements of our capital stock, license fees and milestone payments from collaborators, proceeds from our January 2005 restructuring transaction with Novo Nordisk, borrowings from Novo Nordisk, the milestone and royalty payments associated with the sale of Intraject-related assets to Zogenix, proceeds from our June 2011 royalty financing transaction and interest earned on cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our estimates of future capital use are uncertain and changing circumstances, including those related to implementation of, or further changes to, our development strategy, could cause us to consume capital significantly faster than currently expected, and our expected sources of funding may not be sufficient. If adequate funds are not available, we will be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our product development programs or to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators or other sources that may require us to relinquish rights to or sell certain of our technologies or products that we would not otherwise relinquish or sell. If we are able to obtain funds through the issuance of equity securities, our shareholders may suffer significant dilution and our stock price may drop.

We have a history of losses, we expect to incur losses for at least the foreseeable future, and we may never attain or maintain profitability.

We have never been profitable and have incurred significant losses in each year since our inception. As of March 31, 2012, we have an accumulated deficit of $365.1 million. We have not had any significant direct product sales and do not anticipate receiving revenues from the sale of any of our products for at least the next few years, if ever. While our shift in development strategy has resulted in reduced operating expenses and capital expenditures, we expect to continue to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future as we:

 

   

continue drug product development efforts;

 

   

conduct preclinical testing and clinical trials;

 

   

pursue additional applications for our existing delivery technologies;

 

   

outsource the commercial-scale production of our products; and

 

   

establish a sales and marketing force to commercialize certain of our proprietary products if these products obtain regulatory approval.

To achieve and sustain profitability, we must, alone or with others, successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, manufacture, market and sell our products. We expect to incur substantial expenses in our efforts to develop and commercialize products and we may never generate sufficient product or contract research revenues to become profitable or to sustain profitability.

Our dependence on future collaborators may delay or require that we terminate certain of our programs, and any such delay or termination would harm our business prospects and stock price.

Our commercialization strategy for certain of our product candidates depends on our ability to enter into agreements with collaborators to obtain assistance and funding for the development and potential commercialization of our product candidates. Supporting diligence activities conducted by potential collaborators and negotiating the financial and other terms of a collaboration

 

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agreement are long and complex processes with uncertain results. Even if we are successful in entering into one or more collaboration agreements, collaborations may involve greater uncertainty for us, as we have less control over certain aspects of our collaborative programs than we do over our proprietary development and commercialization programs. We may determine that continuing a collaboration under the terms provided is not in our best interest, and we may terminate the collaboration. Our collaborators could delay or terminate their agreements, and our products subject to collaborative arrangements may never be successfully commercialized.

Further, our future collaborators may pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors, and the priorities or focus of our collaborators may shift such that our programs receive less attention or resources than we would like, or they may be terminated altogether. Any such actions by our collaborators may adversely affect our business prospects and ability to earn revenues. In addition, we could have disputes with our future collaborators, such as the interpretation of terms in our agreements. Any such disagreements could lead to delays in the development or commercialization of any potential products or could result in time-consuming and expensive litigation or arbitration, which may not be resolved in our favor.

Even with respect to certain other programs that we intend to commercialize ourselves, we may enter into agreements with collaborators to share in the burden of conducting clinical trials, manufacturing and marketing our product candidates or products. In addition, our ability to apply our proprietary technologies to develop proprietary drugs will depend on our ability to establish and maintain licensing arrangements or other collaborative arrangements with the holders of proprietary rights to such drugs. We may not be able to establish such arrangements on favorable terms or at all, and our future collaborative arrangements may not be successful.

We are dependent upon Zogenix and its partners to successfully market and sell the SUMAVEL DosePro needle-free delivery system in order to realize value from this asset.

We have no control over decisions made by Zogenix and/or its partners and collaborators on the marketing, sale or continued development of the SUMAVEL DosePro product and any subsequent products utilizing the DosePro technology. For example, in December 2011, Zogenix announced that the co-promotion of SUMAVEL DosePro by Astellas Pharma, Inc. would end on March 31, 2012. We are uncertain of the impact this will have on current and future sales of the SUMAVEL product.

Any delay in, or failure to receive royalties could adversely affect our wholly-owned subsidiary’s ability to repay the term loan entered into in June 2011, as discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview. While the term loan is non-recourse to the assets of Aradigm Corporation, the term loan agreement contains a minimum royalty covenant. If the minimum royalty covenant is breached and the subsidiary does not cure the breach through a cash contribution to pay down the accrued principal and interest, then the lenders have the right to declare the agreement in default and obtain the right to all future royalties and payments due to Aradigm under the Zogenix asset purchase agreement.

The results of later stage clinical trials of our product candidates may not be as favorable as earlier trials and that could result in additional costs and delay or prevent commercialization of our products.

Although we believe the limited and preliminary data we have regarding our potential products are encouraging, the results of initial preclinical safety testing and clinical trials do not necessarily predict the results that we will get from subsequent or more extensive preclinical safety testing and clinical trials. Pre-clinical safety testing and clinical trials of our product candidates may not demonstrate that they are safe and effective to the extent necessary to obtain collaborative partnerships and/or regulatory approvals. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after receiving promising results in earlier trials. If we cannot adequately demonstrate through pre-clinical studies and the clinical trial process that a therapeutic product we are developing is safe and effective, regulatory approval of that product would be delayed or prevented, which would impair our reputation, increase our costs and prevent us from earning revenues. For example, while both of our Phase 2b clinical trials (ORBIT-1 and ORBIT-2) with inhaled ciprofloxacin showed promising initial efficacy and safety results in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and our Phase 2a clinical trials showed promising results in both patients with cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, there is no guarantee that longer term studies in larger patient populations will confirm these results or that we will be able to conduct studies that will provide satisfactory evidence of all efficacy and safety endpoints required by the regulatory authorities.

 

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For our lead product candidate, Pulmaquin, regulatory authorities have requested additional animal toxicology and safety studies prior to product approval for bronchiectasis (BE). Our Phase 3 clinical trials in BE may be successful but the results of these animal toxicology studies may be unacceptable to the regulatory authorities and may delay or prevent the approval of Pulmaquin for BE.

Although we have already submitted a substantial amount of safety data to the regulatory authorities on Pulmaquin and we also have conducted a variety of preclinical studies to support our product development, regulatory authorities have requested that we conduct a 2 year carcinogenicity study in rats with inhaled Pulmaquin prior to product approval for BE. A 9 month inhalation safety study in dogs may also be needed to support approval for marketing this product for BE in the U.S. and the EU. Longer term animal safety studies may produce toxicity findings that were not found in shorter, earlier studies, which could prevent commercialization of Pulmaquin or could necessitate the conduct of further animal safety studies, leading to delays and additional costs.

The results of animal toxicology (“preclinical safety”) studies of our product candidates required for clinical development and product approval may not be as favorable as the results from earlier experiments. Adverse toxicology findings may necessitate additional animal safety studies, or lead to more extensive requirements for safety information from human studies. These factors could result in additional costs and delays or prevent commercialization of our products.

Although we typically select drugs for development that already have a substantial amount of safety data associated with them, and we also conduct a variety of preclinical studies, including animal inhalation toxicology studies, to support our product development, longer term safety studies in animals may be required by regulatory authorities before clinical trials and product approval. Longer term animal safety studies may produce toxicity findings that were not found in shorter, earlier studies, which could prevent commercialization of our products or could necessitate the conduct of further animal safety studies, leading to delays and additional costs. Toxicology findings from animal studies may also be the reason for more extensive safety monitoring and longer and larger human clinical trials than we originally anticipated, further adding to the cost and time prior to product commercialization.

If our future clinical trials are delayed because of delays in patient enrollment or other problems, we would incur additional costs and delay the potential receipt of revenues.

Before we or any future collaborators can file for regulatory approval for the commercial sale of our potential products, the FDA will require extensive preclinical safety testing and clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy. Completing clinical trials in a timely manner depends on, among other factors, obtaining the timely enrollment of patients. Our ability to recruit patients depends on a number of factors, including the size of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the study and the existence of competing clinical trials. Delays in our future clinical trials because of delays in planned patient enrollment or other problems may result in increased costs, program delays, or both, and the loss of potential revenues.

We are subject to extensive regulation, including the requirement of approval before any of our product candidates can be marketed. We may not obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates on a timely basis, or at all.

We and our products are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the federal government, principally the FDA, and by state and local government agencies. Both before and after regulatory approval, the development, testing, manufacture, quality control, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion, sale, distribution and export of our potential products are subject to regulation. Pharmaceutical products that are marketed abroad are also subject to regulation by foreign governments. Our products cannot be marketed in the United States without FDA approval. The process for obtaining FDA approval for drug products is generally lengthy, expensive and uncertain. To date, we have not sought or received approval from the FDA or any corresponding foreign authority for any of our product candidates.

Even though we intend to apply for approval of most of our products in the United States under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA, which applies to reformulations of approved drugs and which may require smaller and shorter safety and efficacy testing than that for entirely new drugs, the approval process will still be costly, time-consuming and uncertain. We, or our collaborators, may not be able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all, for any of our potential products. Even if granted, regulatory approvals may include significant limitations on the uses for which products may be marketed. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can, among other things, result in warning letters, imposition of civil penalties or other monetary payments, delay in approving or refusal to approve a product candidate, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approval, product recall or seizure, operating restrictions, interruption of clinical trials or manufacturing, injunctions and criminal prosecution.

Regulatory authorities may delay or not approve our product candidates even if the product candidates meet safety and efficacy endpoints in clinical trials or the approvals may be too limited for us to earn sufficient revenues.

The FDA and other foreign regulatory agencies can delay approval of, or refuse to approve, our product candidates for a variety of reasons, including failure to meet safety and/or efficacy endpoints in our clinical trials. Our product candidates may not be approved even if they achieve their endpoints in clinical trials. Regulatory agencies, including the FDA, may disagree with our trial design and our interpretations of data from preclinical studies and clinical trials. Even if a product candidate is approved, it may be approved for fewer or more limited indications than requested or the approval may be subject to the performance of significant post-marketing studies that can be long and costly. In addition, regulatory agencies may not approve the labeling claims that are necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our product candidates. Any limitation, condition or denial of approval would have an adverse affect on our business, reputation and results of operations.

 

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Even if we are granted initial FDA approval for any of our product candidates, we may not be able to maintain such approval, which would reduce our revenues.

Even if we are granted initial regulatory approval for a product candidate, the FDA and similar foreign regulatory agencies can limit or withdraw product approvals for a variety of reasons, including failure to comply with regulatory requirements, changes in regulatory requirements, problems with manufacturing facilities or processes or the occurrence of unforeseen problems, such as the discovery of previously undiscovered side effects. If we are able to obtain any product approvals, they may be limited or withdrawn or we may be unable to remain in compliance with regulatory requirements. Both before and after approval we, our future collaborators and our products are subject to a number of additional requirements. For example, certain changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications, certain manufacturing changes and additional labeling claims are subject to additional FDA review and approval. Advertising and other promotional material must comply with FDA requirements and established requirements applicable to drug samples. We, our future collaborators and our manufacturers will be subject to continuing review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other authorities, where applicable, and must comply with ongoing requirements, including the FDA’s GMP requirements. Once the FDA approves a product, a manufacturer must provide certain updated safety and efficacy information, submit copies of promotional materials to the FDA and make certain other required reports. Product approvals may be withdrawn if regulatory requirements are not complied with or if problems concerning safety or efficacy of the product occur following approval. Any limitation or withdrawal of approval of any of our products could delay or prevent sales of our products, which would adversely affect our revenues. Further continuing regulatory requirements may involve expensive ongoing monitoring and testing requirements.

Because our proprietary inhaled ciprofloxacin programs may rely on the FDA’s and European Medicines Agency’s grant of orphan drug designation for potential market exclusivity, the product may not be able to obtain market exclusivity and could be barred from the market in the U.S. for up to seven years or EU for up to ten years.

The FDA has granted orphan drug designation for our proprietary liposomal ciprofloxacin drug product candidate for the management of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis and to our ciprofloxacin for inhalation for the management of bronchiectasis. Orphan drug designation is intended to encourage research and development of new therapies for diseases that affect fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States. The designation provides the opportunity to obtain market exclusivity, even in the absence of a granted patent or other intellectual property protection, for seven years from the date of the FDA’s approval of an NDA. However, the market exclusivity is granted only to the first chemical entity to be approved by the FDA for a given indication. Therefore, if another similar inhaled ciprofloxacin product were to be approved by the FDA for a cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis indication before our product, then we may be blocked from launching our product in the United States for seven years, unless we are able to demonstrate to the FDA clinical superiority of our product on the basis of safety or efficacy. For example, Bayer HealthCare is developing an inhaled powder formulation of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Bayer has obtained orphan drug status for their inhaled powder formulation of ciprofloxacin in the United States and European Union for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. We are applying for orphan drug designation for Pulmaquin for cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis in the U.S. and EU. We cannot guarantee that we will be granted such designations for Pulmaquin.

In August 2009, the European Medicines Agency granted orphan drug designation to our inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin drug product candidate Lipoquin (ARD-3100) for the treatment of lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. Under European guidelines, Orphan Medicinal Product Designation provides 10 years of potential market exclusivity if the product candidate is the first product candidate for the indication approved for marketing in the EU. We may seek to develop additional products that incorporate drugs that have received orphan drug designations for specific indications. In each case, if our product is not the first to be approved by the FDA or European Medicines Agency for a given orphan indication, we may not be able to access the target market in the United States and/or the EU, which would adversely affect our ability to earn revenues.

We have limited manufacturing capacity and will have to depend on contract manufacturers and collaborators; if they do not perform as expected, our revenues and customer relations will suffer.

We have limited capacity to manufacture our requirements for the development and commercialization of our product candidates. We intend to use contract manufacturers to produce our products. We may not be able to enter into or maintain satisfactory contract manufacturing arrangements. For example, our agreement with Sigma-Tau Group to manufacture inhaled ciprofloxacin may be terminated for unforeseen reasons, or we may not be able to reach mutually satisfactory agreements with Sigma-Tau Group to manufacture at a commercial scale. There may be a significant delay before we find an alternative contract manufacturer or we may not find an alternative contract manufacturer at all. Further, we, our contract manufacturers and our future collaborators are required to comply with the FDA’s GMP requirements that relate to product testing, quality assurance, manufacturing and maintaining records and documentation. We and our contract manufacturers or our future collaborators may not be able to comply with the applicable GMP and other FDA regulatory requirements for manufacturing, which could result in an enforcement or other action, prevent commercialization of our product candidates and impair our reputation and results of operations.

 

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In order to market certain of our proprietary products, we may establish our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities. We have no experience in these areas, and if we have problems establishing these capabilities, the commercialization of our products would be impaired.

We may establish our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities to market certain products to concentrated, easily addressable prescriber markets. We have no experience in these areas, and developing these capabilities will require significant expenditures on personnel and infrastructure. While we may market products that are aimed at a small patient population, we may not be able to create an effective sales force around even a niche market. In addition, some of our product candidates will require a large sales force to call on, educate and support physicians and patients. While we intend to enter into collaborations with one or more pharmaceutical companies to sell, market and distribute such products, we may not be able to enter into any such arrangement on acceptable terms, if at all. Any collaboration we do enter into may not be effective in generating meaningful product royalties or other revenues for us.

If any products that we or our future collaborators may develop do not attain adequate market acceptance by healthcare professionals and patients our business prospects and results of operations will suffer.

Even if we or our future collaborators successfully develop one or more products, such products may not be commercially acceptable to healthcare professionals and patients, who will have to choose our products over alternative products for the same disease indications, and many of these alternative products will be more established than ours. For our products to be commercially viable we will need to demonstrate to healthcare professionals and patients that our products afford benefits to the patient that are cost-effective as compared to the benefits of alternative therapies. Our ability to demonstrate this depends on a variety of factors, including:

 

   

the demonstration of efficacy and safety in clinical trials;

 

   

the existence, prevalence and severity of any side effects;

 

   

the potential or perceived advantages or disadvantages compared to alternative treatments;

 

   

the timing of market entry relative to competitive treatments;

 

   

the relative cost, convenience, product dependability and ease of administration;

 

   

the strength of marketing and distribution support;

 

   

the sufficiency of coverage and reimbursement of our product candidates by governmental and other third-party payors; and

 

   

the product labeling or product insert required by the FDA or regulatory authorities in other countries.

Our product revenues will be adversely affected if, due to these or other factors, the products we or our future collaborators are able to commercialize do not gain significant market acceptance.

We depend upon our proprietary technologies, and we may not be able to protect our potential competitive proprietary advantage.

Our business and competitive position is dependent upon our and our future collaborators’ ability to protect our proprietary technologies related to various aspects of pulmonary drug delivery and drug formulation. While our intellectual property rights may not provide a significant commercial advantage for us, our patents and know-how are intended to provide protection for important aspects of our technology, including methods for aerosol generation, devices used to generate aerosols, breath control, compliance monitoring, certain pharmaceutical formulations, design of dosage forms and their manufacturing and testing methods. In addition, we are maintaining as non-patented trade secrets some of the key elements of our manufacturing technologies, for example, those associated with the production of inhaled ciprofloxacin.

Our ability to compete effectively will also depend to a significant extent on our and our future collaborators’ ability to obtain and enforce patents and maintain trade secret protection over our proprietary technologies. The coverage claimed in a patent application typically is significantly reduced before a patent is issued, either in the United States or abroad. Consequently, any of our pending or future patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents and any patents issued may be subjected to further proceedings limiting their scope and may in any event not contain claims broad enough to provide meaningful protection. Any patents that are

 

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issued to us or our future collaborators may not provide significant proprietary protection or competitive advantage, and may be circumvented or invalidated. In addition, unpatented proprietary rights, including trade secrets and know-how, can be difficult to protect and may lose their value if they are independently developed by a third party or if their secrecy is lost. Further, because development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products can be subject to substantial delays, patents may expire and provide only a short period of protection, if any, following commercialization of products.

We may infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, and any litigation could force us to stop developing or selling potential products and could be costly, divert management attention and harm our business.

We must be able to develop products without infringing the proprietary rights of other parties. Because the markets in which we operate involve established competitors with significant patent portfolios, including patents relating to compositions of matter, methods of use and methods of drug delivery, it could be difficult for us to use our technologies or develop products without infringing the proprietary rights of others. We may not be able to design around the patented technologies or inventions of others and we may not be able to obtain licenses to use patented technologies on acceptable terms, or at all. If we cannot operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others, we will not earn product revenues.

If we are required to defend ourselves in a lawsuit, we could incur substantial costs and the lawsuit could divert management’s attention, regardless of the lawsuit’s merit or outcome. These legal actions could seek damages and seek to enjoin testing, manufacturing and marketing of the accused product or process. In addition to potential liability for significant damages, we could be required to obtain a license to continue to manufacture or market the accused product or process and any license required under any such patent may not be made available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.

Periodically, we review publicly available information regarding the development efforts of others in order to determine whether these efforts may violate our proprietary rights. We may determine that litigation is necessary to enforce our proprietary rights against others. Such litigation could result in substantial expense, regardless of its outcome, and may not be resolved in our favor.

Furthermore, patents already issued to us or our pending patent applications may become subject to dispute, and any disputes could be resolved against us. For example, Eli Lilly and Company brought an action against us seeking to have one or more employees of Eli Lilly named as co-inventors on one of our patents. This case was determined in our favor in 2004, but we may face other similar claims in the future and we may lose or settle cases at significant loss to us. In addition, because patent applications in the United States are currently maintained in secrecy for a period of time prior to issuance, patent applications in certain other countries generally are not published until more than 18 months after they are first filed, and publication of discoveries in scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first creator of inventions covered by our pending patent applications or that we were the first to file patent applications on such inventions.

We are in a highly competitive market, and our competitors have developed or may develop alternative therapies for our target indications, which would limit the revenue potential of any product we may develop.

We compete with pharmaceutical, biotechnology and drug delivery companies, hospitals, research organizations, individual scientists and nonprofit organizations engaged in the development of drugs and therapies for the disease indications we are targeting. Our competitors may succeed, and many already have succeeded, in developing competing technologies for the same disease indications, obtaining FDA approval for products or gaining acceptance for the same markets that we are targeting. If we are not “first to market,” it may be more difficult for us and our future collaborators to enter markets as second or subsequent competitors and become commercially successful. We are aware of a number of companies that are developing or have developed therapies to address indications we are targeting, including major pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer, Genentech (now a part of Roche), Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmith Kline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis and Pfizer. Certain of these companies are addressing these target markets with pulmonary products that are similar to ours. These companies and many other potential competitors have greater research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, distribution, financial and managerial resources and experience than we have and many of these companies may have products and product candidates that are on the market or in a more advanced stage of development than our product candidates. Our ability to earn product revenues and our market share would be substantially harmed if any existing or potential competitors brought a product to market before we or our future collaborators were able to, or if a competitor introduced at any time a product superior to or more cost-effective than ours.

If we do not continue to attract and retain key employees, our product development efforts will be delayed and impaired.

We depend on a small number of key management and technical personnel. Our success also depends on our ability to attract and retain additional highly qualified management, clinical, regulatory and development personnel. There is a shortage of skilled personnel in our industry, we face competition in our recruiting activities, and we may not be able to attract or retain qualified personnel. Losing any of our key employees, particularly our President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Igor Gonda, could impair our product development efforts and otherwise harm our business. Any of our employees may terminate their employment with us at will.

 

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If we market our products in other countries, we will be subject to different laws and regulations and we may not be able to adapt to those laws and regulations, which could increase our costs while reducing our revenues.

If we market any approved products in foreign countries, we will be subject to different laws and regulations, particularly with respect to intellectual property rights and regulatory approval. To maintain a proprietary market position in foreign countries, we may seek to protect some of our proprietary inventions through foreign counterpart patent applications. Statutory differences in patentable subject matter may limit the protection we can obtain on some of our inventions outside of the United States. The diversity of patent laws may make our expenses associated with the development and maintenance of intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions more expensive than we anticipate. We probably will not obtain the same patent protection in every market in which we may otherwise be able to potentially generate revenues. In addition, in order to market our products in foreign jurisdictions, we and our future collaborators must obtain required regulatory approvals from foreign regulatory agencies and comply with extensive regulations regarding safety and quality. We may not be able to obtain regulatory approvals in such jurisdictions and we may have to incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining any foreign regulatory approvals. If approvals to market our products are delayed, if we fail to receive these approvals, or if we lose previously received approvals, our business would be impaired as we could not earn revenues from sales in those countries.

We may be exposed to product liability claims, which would hurt our reputation, market position and operating results.

We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidates in humans and will face an even greater risk upon commercialization of any products. These claims may be made directly by consumers or by pharmaceutical companies or others selling such products. We may be held liable if any product we develop causes injury or is found otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing or sale. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims would likely result in negative publicity, decreased demand for any products that we may develop, injury to our reputation and suspension or withdrawal of clinical trials. Any such claim will be very costly to defend and also may result in substantial monetary awards to clinical trial participants or customers, loss of revenues and the inability to commercialize products that we develop. Although we currently have product liability insurance, we may not be able to maintain such insurance or obtain additional insurance on acceptable terms, in amounts sufficient to protect our business, or at all. A successful claim brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we cannot arrange for adequate third-party reimbursement for our products, our revenues will suffer.

In both domestic and foreign markets, sales of our potential products will depend in substantial part on the availability of adequate reimbursement from third-party payors such as government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. Third-party payors often challenge the price and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services. Significant uncertainty exists as to the adequate reimbursement status of newly approved health care products. Any products we are able to successfully develop may not be reimbursable by third-party payors. In addition, our products may not be considered cost-effective and adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize a profit. Legislation and regulations affecting the pricing of pharmaceuticals may change before our products are approved for marketing and any such changes could further limit reimbursement. If any products we develop do not receive adequate reimbursement, our revenues will be severely limited.

Our use of hazardous materials could subject us to liabilities, fines and sanctions.

Our laboratory and clinical testing sometimes involves the use of hazardous and toxic materials. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing how we use, manufacture, handle, store and dispose of these materials. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply in all material respects with all federal, state and local regulations and standards, there is always the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and such liability could exceed our financial resources. Compliance with environmental and other laws may be expensive and current or future regulations may impair our development or commercialization efforts.

If we are unable to effectively implement or maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial results and our stock price could be adversely affected.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for that fiscal year. Our ability to comply with the annual internal control report requirements will depend on the effectiveness of our financial reporting and data systems and controls across our company. We expect these systems and controls to involve significant expenditures and to become increasingly complex as our business grows. To

 

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effectively manage this complexity, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation or operation of these controls, could harm our operating results and cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could adversely affect our business and reduce our stock price.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our stock price is likely to remain volatile.

The market prices for securities of many companies in the drug delivery and pharmaceutical industries, including ours, have historically been highly volatile, and the market from time to time has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. The market prices for our common stock may continue to be highly volatile in the future. The market prices for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:

 

   

investor perception of us;

 

   

our available cash;

 

   

failure to establish or delays in establishing new collaborative relationships;

 

   

market conditions relating to our segment of the industry or the securities markets in general;

 

   

investor perception of the future royalty stream from Zogenix;

 

   

sales of our stock by certain large institutional shareholders;

 

   

research analyst recommendations and our ability to meet or exceed quarterly performance expectations of analysts or investors;

 

   

fluctuations in our operating results;

 

   

announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by us or our competitors;

 

   

publicity regarding actual or potential developments relating to products under development by us or our competitors;

 

   

developments or disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights;

 

   

delays in the development or approval of our product candidates;

 

   

regulatory developments in both the United States and foreign countries;

 

   

concern of the public or the medical community as to the safety or efficacy of our products, or products deemed to have similar safety risk factors or other similar characteristics to our products;

 

   

future sales or expected sales of substantial amounts of common stock by shareholders;

 

   

our ability to raise capital; and

 

   

economic and other external factors.

In the past, class action securities litigation has often been instituted against companies promptly following volatility in the market price of their securities. Any such litigation instigated against us would, regardless of its merit, result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, which may provide less liquidity for our shareholders than the national exchanges.

Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board. As compared to being listed on a national exchange, being quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board may result in reduced liquidity for our shareholders, may cause investors not to trade in our stock

 

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and may result in a lower stock price. In addition, investors may find it more difficult to obtain accurate quotations of the share price of our common stock. Trading of our common stock through the OTC Bulletin Board is frequently thin and highly volatile, and there is no assurance that a sufficient market will develop in our common stock, in which case it could be difficult for our shareholders to sell their stock.

Our common stock may be considered “penny stock” and may be difficult to sell.

The SEC has adopted regulations which generally define “penny stock” to include an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. The market price of our common stock is currently less than $5.00 per share and therefore may be designated as a “penny stock” according to SEC rules. This designation requires any broker or dealer selling these securities to disclose some information concerning the transaction, obtain a written agreement from the purchaser and determine that the purchaser is reasonably suitable to purchase the securities. These rules may restrict the ability of brokers or dealers to sell the common stock and may affect the ability of investors to sell their shares. These regulations may likely have the effect of limiting the trading activity of our common stock and reducing the liquidity of an investment in our common stock.

We have implemented certain anti-takeover provisions, which may make an acquisition less likely or might result in costly litigation or proxy battles.

Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation and the California Corporations Code could discourage a party from acquiring, or make it more difficult for a party to acquire, control of our company without approval of our Board of Directors. These provisions could also limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Certain provisions allow our Board of Directors to authorize the issuance, without shareholder approval, of preferred stock with rights superior to those of the common stock. We are also subject to the provisions of Section 1203 of the California Corporations Code, which requires us to provide a fairness opinion to our shareholders in connection with their consideration of any proposed “interested party” reorganization transaction.

We have adopted a shareholder rights plan, commonly known as a “poison pill.” We have also adopted an executive officer severance plan and entered into change of control agreements with our executive officers, both of which may provide for the payment of benefits to our officers and other key employees in connection with an acquisition. The provisions of our articles of incorporation, our poison pill, our severance plan and our change of control agreements, and provisions of the California Corporations Code may discourage, delay or prevent another party from acquiring us or reduce the price that a buyer is willing to pay for our common stock.

One of our shareholders may choose to pursue a lawsuit or engage in a proxy battle with management to limit our use of one or more of these anti-takeover protections. Any such lawsuit or proxy battle would, regardless of its merit or outcome, result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

We have never paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends for at least the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock for at least the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Therefore, our shareholders will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares. We cannot assure shareholders of a positive return on their investment if they sell their shares, nor can we assure that shareholders will not lose the entire amount of their investment.

A small number of shareholders own a large percentage of our common stock and can influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval.

A small number of our shareholders own a large percentage of our common stock and can, therefore, influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval. Based on information known to us as of February 14, 2012, our three largest investors, collectively, control in excess of a majority of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these shareholders have the ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including certain proposed amendments to our amended and restated articles of incorporation (for example, amendments to increase the number of our authorized shares) and any proposed merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. These shareholders may support proposals and actions with which you may disagree. The concentration of ownership could delay or prevent a change in control of our company or otherwise discourage a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of our company, which in turn could reduce the price of our common stock.

 

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Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

 

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

 

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

 

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

 

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Item 6. EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit

Number

 

Description

  31.1   Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  31.2   Certification of the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.1   Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.1(1)   The following materials from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 are formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

(1) Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.

 

Aradigm, Pulmaquin, Lipoquin and AERx are registered trademarks of Aradigm Corporation.

*     Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

ARADIGM CORPORATION

/s/ Igor Gonda

Igor Gonda
President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Nancy E. Pecota

Nancy E. Pecota
Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dated: May 11, 2012

 

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit

Number

 

Description

  31.1  

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

  31.2  

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

  32.1   Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.1(1)  

The following materials from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 are formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

(1) Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.

 

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