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EXCEL - IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT - LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INCFinancial_Report.xls
EX-31.2 - 302 CERTIFICATION OF THE CFO - LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INCex-31_2.htm
EX-32.1 - 906 CERTIFICATION OF THE CEO - LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INCex-32_1.htm
EX-31.1 - 302 CERTIFICATION OF THE CEO - LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INCex-31_1.htm
EX-32.2 - 906 CERTIFICATION OF THE CFO - LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INCex-32_2.htm
 


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
 
x QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
     
  For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011  
     
  OR  
     
o  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
For the transition period from ___________ to ____________

Commission file number 000-27548
 
     
  LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.  
 
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
DELAWARE                                                86-0708398         
(State or other jurisdiction of    (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)    Identification No.)
     
http://www.lightpath.com

2603 Challenger Tech Ct. Suite 100
Orlando, Florida 32826

(Address of principal executive offices)
(ZIP Code)

(407) 382-4003

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
N/A

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  YES x   NO o

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the proceeding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   YES o  NO o
 
   Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
  Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company  x
 
  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   YES o   NO x
 
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
         Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
9,761,129 shares of common stock, Class A, $.01 par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2011.
 


 
 
 
 


LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Form 10-Q
 
Index
 
Item
  Page
     
Part I
Financial Information
 
     
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
3
 
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations
4
 
Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
5
 
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
6
 
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
7
Item 2
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
 
 
   Condition and Results of Operations
21
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
28
     
Part II
Other Information
 
     
Item 6.
Exhibits
28
     
Signatures
32
 
 

 
2

 

Item 1. Financial Statements
 
LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
 
(unaudited)
   
 
 
   
September 30,
   
June 30,
 
Assets
 
2011
   
2011
 
Current assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 693,748     $ 928,900  
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $7,245 and $7,245
    2,069,979       1,833,044  
Inventories, net
    1,818,189       1,622,637  
Other receivables
    -       30,943  
Prepaid interest expense
    72,500       7,250  
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    233,634       189,630  
Total current assets
    4,888,050       4,612,404  
Property and equipment, net
    2,483,029       2,373,022  
Intangible assets, net
    92,916       101,133  
Debt costs, net
    6,380       7,180  
Other assets
    27,737       27,737  
Total assets
  $ 7,498,112     $ 7,121,476  
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 1,332,500     $ 928,790  
Accrued liabilities
    136,634       123,705  
Accrued payroll and benefits
    497,146       481,318  
Total current liabilities
    1,966,280       1,533,813  
                 
Deferred rent
    435,605       464,262  
8% convertible debentures to related parties
    1,012,500       1,012,500  
8% convertible debentures
    75,000       75,000  
       Total liabilities
    3,489,385       3,085,575  
                 
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock: Series D, $.01 par value, voting;
               
5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding
           
Common stock: Class A, $.01 par value, voting;
               
40,000,000 shares authorized; 9,761,129 and 9,713,099
               
shares issued and outstanding, respectively
    97,611       97,131  
Additional paid-in capital
    207,795,377       207,636,440  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    62,449       50,593  
Accumulated deficit
    (203,946,710 )     (203,748,263 )
Total stockholders’ equity
    4,008,727       4,035,901  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 7,498,112     $ 7,121,476  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
 
 

 
 
 
LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
 
   
Three months ended
 
   
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Product sales, net
  $ 2,733,125     $ 2,253,922  
Cost of sales
    1,650,501       1,427,474  
Gross margin
    1,082,624       826,448  
Operating expenses:
               
Selling, general and administrative
    995,621       1,071,198  
New product development
    287,719       222,585  
Amortization of intangibles
    8,217       8,217  
Gain on sale of property and equipment
          (540 )
Total costs and expenses
    1,291,557       1,301,460  
Operating loss
    (208,933 )     (475,012 )
Other income (expense):
               
Interest expense
    (23,420 )     (87,322 )
Interest expense - debt discount
          (209,666 )
Interest expense - debt costs
    (800 )     (83,522 )
Other income (expense), net
    34,706       2,572  
Total other income (expense), net
    10,486       (377,938 )
Net loss
  $ (198,447 )   $ (852,950 )
Loss per common share (basic and diluted)
  $ (0.02 )   $ (0.09 )
Number of shares used in per share calculation
    9,746,107       9,011,214  
    (basic and diluted)
               
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated statements.
 
 
3

 
 
LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
Three months ended September 30, 2011
(unaudited)
 
   
Class A
Common Stock
   
Additional
Paid-in
   
Foreign
Currency
Translation
   
Accumulated
   
Total
Stockholders’
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Capital
   
Adjustment
   
Deficit
   
Equity
 
Balance at June 30, 2011
    9,713,099     $ 97,131     $ 207,636,440     $ 50,593     $ (203,748,263 )   $ 4,035,901  
Issuance of common stock for:
                                               
Employee stock purchase plan
    6,198       62       7,809                   7,871  
Interest payment on convertible debentures
    41,832       418       86,582                   87,000  
Stock based compensation on stock
                                               
options and restricted stock units
                64,546                   64,546  
Net loss
                            (198,447 )     (198,447 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                      11,856             11,856  
        Comprehensive loss
                                            (186,591 )
                                                 
Balance at September 30, 2011
    9,761,129     $ 97,611     $ 207,795,377     $ 62,449     $ (203,946,710 )   $ 4,008,727  
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements
 
 
4

 
 
LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 (unaudited)
 
   
Three Months ended
 
   
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Cash flows from operating activities
           
Net loss
  $ (198,447 )   $ (852,950 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
         
       Depreciation and amortization
    245,438       211,543  
       Interest from amortization of debt discount
          209,666  
       Interest from amortization of debt costs
    800       83,522  
       Gain on sale of property and equipment
          (540 )
       Stock based compensation
    64,546       50,387  
       Change in provision for doubtful accounts receivable
          3,291  
       Deferred rent
    (28,657 )     (23,537 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Trade accounts receivables
    (236,935 )     36,797  
Other receivables
    30,943        
Inventories
    (195,552 )     (83,364 )
    Prepaid expenses and other assets
    2,746       108,261  
   Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    432,467       214,637  
                  Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    117,349       (42,287 )
Cash flows from investing activities
               
   Purchase of property and equipment
    (347,228 )     (288,616 )
   Proceeds from sale of equipment
          540  
                  Net cash used in investing activities
    (347,228 )     (288,076 )
Cash flows from financing activities
               
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
          5,653  
Proceeds from sale of common stock from employee stock purchase plan
    7,871       4,888  
Deferred costs associated with equity financing
    (25,000 )      
Costs associated with conversion of debentures
          (6,098 )
Exercise of warrants
          231,659  
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (17,129 )     236,102  
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents
    11,856       (22,840 )
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (235,152 )     (117,101 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    928,900       1,464,351  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 693,748     $ 1,347,250  
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
               
    Interest paid in cash
  $ -     $ 80  
    Income taxes paid
    1,755       110  
 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing & financing activities:
               
      Convertible debentures converted into common stock
  $ -     $ 732,500  
      Accrued deferred costs associated with equity financing
  $ 32,139     $ -  
      Prepaid interest on convertible debentures through the issuance of
  $ 87,000     $ -  
          common stock
               
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
 
 
5

 
 
 
1.  Basis of Presentation
 
References in this document to “the Company”, “LightPath”, “we”, “us”, or “our” are intended to mean LightPath Technologies, Inc., individually, or as the context requires, collectively with its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Article 8 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes, included in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years or quarters refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended in June and the associated quarters of those fiscal years.
 
These consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the interim periods presented. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year as a whole.
 
History:  
LightPath was incorporated in Delaware in 1992 to pursue a strategy of supplying hardware to the telecommunications industry. In April 2000, the Company acquired Horizon Photonics, Inc. (“Horizon”), and in September 2000 the Company acquired Geltech, Inc. (“Geltech”). During fiscal 2003, in response to sales declines in the telecommunications industry, the operations of Horizon in California and LightPath in New Mexico were consolidated into the former Geltech facility in Orlando, Florida. In November 2005, the Company announced the formation of LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, (“LPOI”), a wholly-owned manufacturing subsidiary located in Jiading, People’s Republic of China. The manufacturing operations are housed in a 16,000 square foot facility located in the Jiading Industrial Zone near Shanghai. This plant has increased overall production capacity and enabled LightPath to compete for larger production volumes of optical components and assemblies, and strengthened partnerships within the Asia/Pacific region. It also provided a launching point to drive our sales expansion in the Asia/Pacific region.
 
The Company is engaged in the production of precision molded aspherical lenses, GRADIUM® glass lenses, collimators and isolator optics used in various markets, including industrial, medical, defense, test & measurement and telecommunications.
 
Going Concern and Managements Plans
 
As shown in the accompanying financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses from operations and as of September 30, 2011 the Company has an accumulated deficit of approximately $203.9 million. Cash provided by operations was $117,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2011.  Cash provided by (used in) operations was approximately $95,000 and ($471,000) during fiscal years ended 2011 and 2010, respectively. We continued to implement the cost reduction initiatives we started in fiscal 2010, including the transition of more precision molded lenses to less expensive glass, increasing tooling life, increasing operator yields and efficiencies, qualifying coating vendors in China and improving yields on our infrared product line. In the first three months of fiscal 2012, 41% of our precision molded lenses sales in units were of more expensive glass types, compared to 26% of the same period in the prior fiscal year.  This increase was due to a decrease in sales for lower cost precision molded lenses, which was caused primarily by the slowdown of construction spending in China, and in turn, lowered the demand for our lenses. Management is committed to continuing efforts to transition more precision molded lenses to less expensive glass, which will contribute towards achieving profitability assuming we meet our sales targets and goals for producing and selling more low-cost lenses at higher volumes.
 
The fiscal 2012 operating plan and related financial projections were developed anticipating sales growth primarily from precision molded optics, with the emphasis on low-cost, high-volume applications, optical assemblies including our redesigned collimator product line and infrared products.  Unit volumes in these targeted markets have increased 77% from last year. We expect to hold our previous margin improvements based on production efficiencies and reductions in product costs as a result of the shifting of our manufacturing operations to the Shanghai facility and improved overhead absorption as we increase the volume of products produced, which in turn lowers our material costs since we are able to purchase materials in higher volumes. We also will continue to pursue new cost reduction opportunities such as by improving tool life and lowering anti-reflective coating costs by coating the lenses in-house.
 
 
6

 

 
Our revenues were lower than expected from sales of our precision molded lenses, but we met our revenue goals due to a higher average selling price per unit.  Labor costs at our Shanghai facility increased due to increases in the minimum wage and higher benefit costs. Overtime expense in Orlando and Shanghai was also higher during the quarter due to unexpected tool shortages caused by machine repairs combined with a planned machine conversion.  The machine repairs and conversion are completed which has reduced the need for the overtime going forward. The combination of these factors resulted in lower margins than budgeted. The shortfall in forecasted margin dollars did not allow us to cover our selling, general and administrative expenses.  However, based on the current quote and booking activity on all of our product lines, and particularly the precision molded lenses, we expect increased revenue results in the second quarter of fiscal 2012 as compared to the current quarter.  
 
The Company had a cash balance of approximately $694,000 at September 30, 2011. To fund future operations, we may seek external debt or equity financing if it can be obtained in an amount and on terms that are acceptable; however, we may be required to seek external financing regardless of whether the terms would otherwise be acceptable if our cash flow financial resources are not sufficient to sustain our operations or to pursue our business plan.  There is no assurance we will be able to achieve the necessary cash flow from sales growth and gross margin improvements to sustain operations. Factors which could adversely affect cash balances in future quarters include, but are not limited to, a decline in revenue or a lack of anticipated sales growth, increased material costs, increased labor costs, planned production efficiency improvements not being realized, increases in property, casualty, benefit and liability insurance premiums and increases in other discretionary spending, particularly sales and marketing related. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
 
Management has developed an operating plan for fiscal year 2012 and believes the Company has adequate financial resources to achieve that plan and to sustain its current operations through November 2012. Nevertheless, management will be monitoring the plan closely during the year and should the plan objectives not be met during the year, remedial actions will be initiated.
 
Liquidity
Cash flow and cash management continue to be primary concerns of the Company. Cash provided by (used in) operations was approximately $95,000 and ($471,000) during fiscal years ended 2011 and 2010, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2011, cash provided by operating activities was approximately $117,000.

For the three months ended September 30, 2011, our cash balance decreased by $235,000 compared to a decrease of $117,000 in the same period of the prior fiscal year.  This decrease in first quarter of fiscal 2012 was primarily due to capital spending to expand our tooling capabilities.
 
Management believes the Company currently has sufficient cash to fund its operations through November 2012 assuming revenue stays at current levels and no additional sources of capital are used. The extent to which the Company can sustain its operations beyond this date will depend on the Company’s ability to generate cash from operations on increased revenues from low cost and infrared lenses or sale of non-strategic assets or from future equity or debt financing. Management believes that taking the current booking rate combined with recent quote activity and the existing order backlog the Company will be able to generate increased revenues. If we determine that future revenues are below current projections then we will attempt to implement additional cost savings measures including seeking lower cost suppliers and attempting to negotiate price reductions from current suppliers. We are continuously evaluating our supplier situation to ensure we meet our booked orders.

2.  Significant Accounting Policies
 
Consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in the bank and temporary investments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased.
 
 
7

 
 
Allowance for accounts receivable, is calculated by taking 100% of the total of invoices that are over 90 days past due from the due date and 10% of the total of invoices that are over 60 days past due from the due date. Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. Recovery of bad debt amounts previously written off is recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense in the period the payment is collected. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.
 
Inventories, which consist principally of raw materials, work-in-process and finished lenses, isolators, collimators and assemblies are stated at the lower of cost or market, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory costs include materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Acquisition of goods from our vendors has a 9% purchase burden added to cover customs, shipping and handling costs. Fixed costs related to excess manufacturing capacity have been expensed. We look at the following criteria for parts to consider for the inventory reserve: items that have not been sold in two years or that have not been purchased in two years or of which we have more than a two-year supply.  These items as identified are reserved at 100%, as well as reserving 50% for other items deemed to be slow moving within the last twelve months and reserving 25% for items deemed to have low material usage within the last six months. The parts identified are adjusted for recent order and quote activity to determine the final inventory reserve.
 
Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets ranging from one to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets using the straight-line method.
 
Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, tooling and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.
 
Intangible assets, consisting of patents and trademarks, are recorded at cost. Upon issuance of the patent or trademark, the assets are amortized on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related assets ranging from two to seventeen years.
 
Debt costs consist of third-party fees incurred and other costs associated with the issuance of long-term debt. Debt costs are capitalized and amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method.
 
Deferred rent relates to certain of the Company’s operating leases containing predetermined fixed increases of the base rental rate during the lease term being recognized as rental expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has recorded the difference between the amounts charged to operations and amounts payable under the leases as deferred rent in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed on the basis of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances have been established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
 
The Company has not recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits or penalties has not been provided since there has been no unrecognized benefit or penalty. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit or penalty, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.
 
The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2004.
 
 
8

 
 
Revenue is recognized from product sales when products are shipped to the customer, provided that the Company has received a valid purchase order, the price is fixed, title has transferred, collection of the associated receivable is reasonably assured, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Revenues from product development agreements are recognized as milestones and are completed in accordance with the terms of the agreements and upon shipment of products, reports or designs to the customer. Invoice amounts for sales or VAT taxes are posted to the balance sheet and not included in revenue.
 
New product development costs are expensed as incurred.
 
Stock based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period.  We estimate the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. Most options granted under our Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan vest ratably over two to four years and generally have ten-year contract lives.  The volatility rate is based on historical trends in common stock closing prices and the expected term was determined based primarily on historical experience of previously outstanding options.  The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities. The likelihood of meeting targets for option grants that are performance based are evaluated each quarter. If it is determined that meeting the targets is probable then the compensation expense will be amortized over the remaining vesting period.
 
Management makes estimates and assumptions during the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes available, which in turn could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.
 
Financial instruments. The Company accounts for financial instruments in accordance with FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), which provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about fair value measurements of assets and liabilities.  ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of September 30, 2011.  The Company uses the market approach to measure fair value for its Level 1 financial assets and liabilities, which include cash equivalents of $256,000 at September 30, 2011.  The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities.

The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values.  These financial instruments which include cash, trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities.  Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments since they are short term in nature and their carrying amounts approximate fair values or they are receivable or payable on demand.
 
On August 1, 2008, the Company executed a Securities Purchase Agreement with respect to the private placement of 8% senior convertible debentures (the “Debentures”) as described in Note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Debentures issued were valued using observable inputs other than quoted prices (Level 2). The fair value of the Debentures as of September 30, 2011 was calculated to be approximately $1.1 million.
 The Company does not have other financial or non-financial assets or liabilities that would be characterized as Level 2 or Level 3 instruments.
 
 
9

 
 
Derivative Financial Instruments. The Company accounts for derivative instruments in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), which requires additional disclosures about the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments, how the derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for, and how the derivative instruments and related hedging items affect the financial statements.
 
The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risk.  Terms of convertible debt instruments are reviewed to determine whether or not they contain embedded derivative instruments that are required under ASC 815 to be accounted for separately from the host contract, and recorded on the balance sheet at fair value.  The fair value of derivative liabilities, if any, is required to be revalued at each reporting date, with corresponding changes in fair value recorded in current period operating results.
 
Freestanding warrants issued by the Company in connection with the issuance or sale of debt and equity instruments are considered to be derivative instruments.  Pursuant to ASC 815, an evaluation of specifically identified conditions is made to determine whether the fair value of warrants issued is required to be classified as equity or as a derivative liability.
 
Beneficial Conversion and Warrant Valuation. The Company records a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) related to the issuance of convertible debt instruments that have conversion features at fixed rates that are in-the-money when issued, and the fair value of warrants issued in connection with those instruments. The BCF for the convertible instruments is recognized and measured by allocating a portion of the proceeds to warrants, based on their relative fair value, and as a reduction to the carrying amount of the convertible instrument equal to the intrinsic value of the conversion feature.  The discount recorded in connection with the BCF and warrant valuation is recognized as non-cash interest expense debt discount over the term of the convertible debt, using the effective interest method.
 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) of the Company is defined as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources.  It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.  Comprehensive income (loss) has two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), and is included on the statement of stockholders’ equity. Our other comprehensive income (loss) consists of the foreign currency translation adjustments. For more information see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 
Business segments are required to be reported by the Company. As the Company only operates in principally one business segment, no additional reporting is required.
 
Recent accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") (including the Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF")), the American Institute of Certified Public Acountants ("AICPA") and the SEC are:

The Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income, eliminates the option of presenting the components of other comprehensive income (OCI) as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity.  The ASU instead permits an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of OCI either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements.  With either format, the entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of OCI along with the total for OCI, and a total amount for comprehensive income.  Also, the ASU requires entities to present, for either format, reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from OCI to net income in the statement(s) where the components of net income and the components of OCI are presented.  This ASU is to be applied retrospectively.  For public entities, the ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  The ASU is effective for the Company for its interim period beginning January 1, 2012. The Company does not believe this pronouncement will have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.

 
10

 
 
3. Inventories
 
The components of inventories include the following:
 
   
(unaudited)
       
   
September 30, 2011
   
June 30, 2011
 
   
 
   
 
 
Raw materials
  $ 742,875     $ 806,024  
Work in process
    807,435       604,788  
Finished goods
    342,047       318,076  
Reserve for obsolescence
    (74,168 )     (106,251 )
    $ 1,818,189     $ 1,622,637  
 
4.  Property and Equipment
 
 Property and equipment are summarized as follows:
 
         
(unaudited)
       
   
Estimated
   
September 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
Life (Years)
   
2011
   
2011
 
         
 
   
 
 
                   
Manufacturing equipment
    5 - 10     $ 3,241,864     $ 3,226,898  
Computer equipment and software
    3 - 5       271,170       257,451  
Furniture and fixtures
    5       86,166       86,299  
Leasehold improvements
    5 - 7       792,793       787,685  
Construction in progress
            407,959       227,654  
Tooling
    1 - 5       1,289,946       1,135,738  
     Total property and equipment
            6,089,898       5,721,725  
                         
Less accumulated depreciation  and amortization
            3,606,869       3,348,703  
            Total property and equipment, net
          $ 2,483,029     $ 2,373,022  
 
5. Intangible Assets
 
The following table discloses information regarding the carrying amounts and associated accumulated amortization for intangible assets:
 
   
(unaudited)
         
   
September 30, 2011
     
June 30, 2011
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
             
Gross carrying amount
  $ 621,302       $ 621,302  
Accumulated amortization
    (528,386 )       (520,169 )
Net carrying amount
  $ 92,916  
 
  $ 101,133  
 
 
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Amortization expense related to intangible assets totaled approximately $8,000 during both three-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.  The net carrying amount will be amortized over the following schedule for the remainder of fiscal 2012 and each fiscal year thereafter:
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
Total
          24,651
 
          32,868
 
          32,868
 
            2,529
 
            92,916
 
6. Accounts Payable
 
The accounts payable balance includes $43,000 of related party transactions for board of directors’ fees as of September 30, 2011 and June 30, 2011.
 
7.  Compensatory Equity Incentive Plan and Other Equity Incentives
 
 
Share-Based Compensation Arrangements—The Company’s Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) included several available forms of stock compensation of which incentive stock options and restricted stock awards have been granted to date.
 
These two plans are summarized below:
 
         
Award Shares
   
Available for
 
   
Award Shares
   
Outstanding
   
Issuance
 
   
Authorized
   
at September 30,
   
at September 30,
 
Equity Compensation Arrangement
       
2011
   
2011
 
Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan
    1,715,625       934,933       335,299  
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
    200,000       -       126,995  
      1,915,625       934,933       462,294  
 
The 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) permits employees to purchase shares of Class A common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of an employee’s compensation, at a price not less than 85% of the market value of the stock on specified dates (June 30 and December 31). In no event may any participant purchase more than $25,000 worth of shares of Class A common stock in any calendar year and an employee may purchase no more than 4,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of 12 months and 2,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of six months. The discount on market value is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying statements of operations and was $806 and $486 for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Grant Date Fair Values and Underlying Assumptions; Contractual Terms—The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. The ESPP fair value is the amount of the discounted market value the employee obtains at the date of the purchase transaction.
 
The Company did not grant any stock options in the first quarter of fiscal 2012. For stock options granted in the three month period ended September 30, 2010, the Company estimated the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the following assumptions:
 
 
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Quarter Ended
 
September 30, 2010
Expected volatility
134%
Weighted average expected volatility
134%
Dividend yields
0%
Risk-free interest rate
2.15%
Expected term, in years
7
 
Most options granted under the Plan vest ratably over two to four years and are generally exercisable for ten years.  The assumed forfeiture rates used in calculating the fair value of options and restricted stock unit grants with both performance and service conditions were 20% and 0%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 42% and 0%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2010.  The volatility rate and expected term are based on seven-year historical trends in Class A common stock closing prices and actual forfeitures.  The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities.
 
Information Regarding Current Share-Based Compensation Awards—A summary of the activity for share-based compensation awards in the three months ended September 30, 2011 is presented below:  
 
                     
Restricted
 
         
Stock Options
         
Stock Units
 
         
Weighted
   
Weighted
         
Weighted
 
         
Average
   
Average
         
Average
 
         
Exercise
   
Remaining
         
Remaining
 
         
Price
   
Contract
         
Contract
 
   
Shares
   
(per share)
   
Life (YRS)
   
Shares
   
Life (YRS)
 
June 30, 2011
    500,233     $ 3.01       6.9       434,700       0.9  
                                         
 
                                       
September 30, 2011
    500,233     $ 3.01       6.6       434,700       0.8  
 
Awards exercisable/
                             
vested as of
                             
September 30, 2011
    323,483     $ 3.19       5.7       234,700       -  
                                         
                                         
Awards unexercisable/
                                       
unvested as of
                                       
September 30, 2011
    176,750     $ 2.69       8.3       200,000       0.8  
      500,233                       434,700          
 
The total intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $21,000 and $140,000, respectively.  
 
The total intrinsic value of RSUs exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $0 and $0, respectively.
 
The total intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $338,000 and $74,000, respectively.
 
 
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The total fair value of RSUs vested during the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $0 and $0, respectively.
 
The total fair value of option shares vested during the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $18,000, and $3,000, respectively.
 
As of September 30, 2011, there was $341,436 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements (including share options and restricted stock units) granted under the Plan.
 
The compensation cost is expected to be recognized as follows:
 
         
Restricted
       
   
Stock
   
Stock
       
   
Options
   
Units
   
Total
 
Nine months ended June 30, 2012
  $ 34,892     $ 68,126     $ 103,018  
Year ended June 30, 2013
    63,324       96,284       159,608  
Year ended June 30, 2014
    48,522       22,434       70,956  
Year ended June 30, 2015
    7,854       -       7,854  
    $ 154,592     $ 186,844     $ 341,436  
 
The table above does not include shares under the Company’s ESPP, which has purchase settlement dates in the second and fourth fiscal quarters of each year. The Company’s ESPP is not administered with a look-back option provision and, as a result, there is not a population of outstanding option grants during the employee contribution period.

Restricted stock unit awards vest immediately or from two to four years from the date of grant.
 
The Company issues new shares of Class A common stock upon the exercise of stock options. The following table is a summary of the number and weighted average grant date fair values regarding the Company’s unexercisable/unvested awards as of September 30, 2011 and changes during the three months then ended:
 
   
Stock Options Shares
   
RSU Shares
   
Total Shares
 
Weighted-Average
 
Unexercisable/unvested awards                  
Grant Date Fair Values
 
                   
(per share)
 
June 30, 2011
    182,500       200,000       382,500     $ 2.53  
Granted
    -       -       -       -  
Vested
    (5,750 )     -       (5,750 )     3.12  
Cancelled/Issued/Forfeited
    -       -       -       -  
September 30, 2011
    176,750       200,000       376,750     $ 2.53  
 
Financial Statement Effects and Presentation—The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 included in the consolidated statements of operations:
 
 
14

 
 
   
Quarter Ended
   
Quarter Ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Stock options
  $ 22,575     $ 25,196  
                 
RSU
    41,971       25,191  
                 
     Total
  $ 64,546     $ 50,387  
                 
The amounts above were included in:
               
General & administrative
  $ 59,841     $ 44,479  
Cost of sales
    2,125       2,578  
New product development
    2,580       3,330  
    $ 64,546     $ 50,387  

 8. Loss Per Share
 
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding, during each period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed similarly to basic earnings per share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue shares of Class A common stock were exercised or converted into shares of Class A common stock.  The computation for basic and diluted loss per share are the same as the diluted calculation excludes the following shares as their effect would be anti-dilutive:
 
   
(unaudited)
 
   
Three months ended
 
   
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Net loss
  $ (198,447 )   $ (852,950 )
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
               
                 
Basic and diluted
    9,746,107       9,011,214  
                 
                 
Loss per Class A common share:
               
Basic and diluted
  $ (0.02 )   $ (0.09 )
                 
                 
Excluded from computation:
               
Options to purchase Class A common stock
    500,233       452,090  
Restricted stock units
    434,700       359,700  
Class A common  stock warrants
    2,364,492       2,656,492  
Convertible debentures
    706,169       780,357  
      4,005,594       4,248,639  
 
 
15

 
 
9. Foreign Operations
 
Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the three-month periods. Gains or losses on the translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, the Renminbi, are reflected as a separate component of equity.   The foreign exchange translation adjustment reflects net losses of approximately $12,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2011, and gains of $23,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2010.  The Company, as of September 30, 2011, had approximately $4.4 million in assets and $3.5 million in net assets located at the Shanghai facility. The Company transferred equipment from the Orlando facility to the Shanghai facility, and purchased and transferred equipment to the Shanghai facility, during each fiscal year since 2006 through 2011.
 
10.  Convertible Debentures
 
On August 1, 2008, we executed a Securities Purchase Agreement with twenty-four institutional and private investors with respect to the private placement of 8% senior convertible debentures (the “Debentures”). The Debentures are secured by substantially all of our previously unencumbered assets pursuant to a Security Agreement and are guaranteed by our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Geltech and LPOI pursuant to a Subsidiary Guarantee.  The sale of the Debentures generated gross proceeds of approximately $2.9 million and net proceeds of $2.7 million.  We used the funds to provide working capital for our operations.  Among the investors were Steven Brueck, J. James Gaynor, Louis Leeburg, Robert Ripp, Gary Silverman and James Magos, all of whom were directors or officers of LightPath as of August 1, 2008. Mr. Magos resigned effective September 2, 2008.
 
The original maturity date of the Debentures was August 1, 2011, on which date the outstanding principal amount of the Debentures would have been due.  Interest of $39,053 was due on October 1, 2008 and was prepaid by the Company on August 1, 2008 by issuing 27,893 shares of Class A common stock in payment of such interest based upon the closing price of $1.40 per share (the “October Interest Shares”).  The interest accruing on the Debentures from October 1, 2008 to August 1, 2011 was prepaid by issuing Class A common stock in December 2008.
 
Upon issuance, the Debentures were immediately convertible into 1,901,948 shares of Class A common stock, based on a conversion price of $1.54 per share, which was 110% of the closing bid price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on July 31, 2008. Investors also received warrants to purchase up to 950,974 shares of our common stock (the “Warrants”).  The Warrants are exercisable for a period of five years beginning on August 1, 2008 with 65% of the Warrants, exercisable for 618,133 shares, priced at $1.68 per share and the remaining 35% of the Warrants, exercisable for 332,841 shares, priced at $1.89 per share.
 
Investors who participated in our July 2007 offering were offered an incentive to invest in the debenture offering.  Four investors from the July 2007 offering participated in the debenture offering and as a result we reduced the exercise price of the warrants they received in the July 2007 offering from $5.50 per share to $2.61 per share.  The reduced exercise price lowered potential proceeds on the exercise of the warrants from the July 2007 offering by $119,212 to $107,663.  Additionally, such investors were issued an aggregate of 73,228 shares of common stock (the “Incentive Shares”), valued at $75,131.
 
We paid a commission to the exclusive placement agent for the offering, First Montauk Securities Corp. (“First Montauk”), in an amount equal to $216,570 plus costs and expenses.  We also issued to First Montauk and its designees warrants to purchase an aggregate of 190,195 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price equal to $1.68 per share, which was 120% of the closing bid price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on July 31, 2008. The warrants were valued at $194,057 using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model and were recorded as debt costs. The warrants are exercisable for a period of five years beginning on August 1, 2008.  In addition, the exercise price of 50% of the warrants previously issued to First Montauk and its designees at the closing of the July 2007 offering was reduced from $5.50 to $2.61 per share. This reduced warrant exercise price lowered potential proceeds on the exercise of the warrants issued to First Montauk from the July 2007 offering by $115,600 to $104,400.
 
The private placement was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Act (in that we sold the Debentures, Warrants and shares of Class A common stock in a transaction not involving any public offering) and pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.  The shares into which the Debentures are convertible, the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the October Interest Shares and the Incentive Shares have been registered for resale under the Act.  The registration was declared effective on October 16, 2008.
 
 
16

 
 
The Warrants and the Incentive Shares issued to the debenture holders were valued at issuance at $790,830 and recorded as a discount on the debt. The Incentive Shares were valued using the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of issuance. The Warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model using assumptions similar to those used to value the Company’s stock options and RSUs. In addition, a beneficial conversion feature associated with the Debentures was valued at the date of issuance at $600,635 and was recorded as a discount on the debt. The total debt discount of $1,391,465 was amortized using the effective interest method over the original 36-month term of the Debentures and was subsequently adjusted for the extension of the maturity date of the Debentures as discussed below.
 
We also incurred debt issuance costs associated with the issuance of the Debentures of $554,308 which were amortized over the original 36-month term using the effective interest method, adjusted for accelerated conversions of the Debentures and the extension of the maturity date of the Debentures as discussed below.  The costs were for broker commissions, legal and accounting fees, filing fees and $194,057 representing the fair value of the 190,195 warrants shares issued to First Montauk.  We used the Black-Scholes-Merton model to determine fair value of the warrants issued to First Montauk. The warrants carry a five year term, expiring on August 1, 2013, and are immediately exercisable at a per share price of $1.68 for one-third of the warrants and $1.89 for two-thirds of the warrants. For the years ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, $118,977 and $147,550, respectively of the debt issuance costs were amortized through interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations.
 
On December 31, 2008, the Debentures were amended to allow debenture holders to convert 25% of their Debentures into shares of Class A common stock.  As a result, $732,250 of the Debentures were converted into 475,496 shares of Class A common stock.  As an inducement to partially convert the Debentures, we issued additional warrants (valued at $215,975 using the Black-Scholes-Merton method and recorded as interest expense) and prepaid the interest of $453,995 on the unconverted portion of the Debentures through the original maturity date of August 1, 2011, which resulted in the issuance of 589,614 shares of Class A common stock.  The interest payment of $58,580 for the quarter ended December 31, 2008 resulted in the issuance of 76,078 shares of Class A common stock.  As a result of the Debenture conversion, $304,382 of debt discount was written off to interest expense.   On May 29, 2009 we filed a registration statement to register the additional interest shares and the shares underlying the warrants, both of which were issued in December 2008. The registration statement was declared effective on June 16, 2009.

During the year ended June 30, 2011, the Company’s debt obligations were reduced by $832,500 through the conversions of certain of the Debentures into shares of Class A common stock. Costs associated with the conversion of these Debentures were $6,749, which reduced the proceeds recognized. These  transactions increased interest expense by $101,300 for the year ending June 30, 2011, reflecting debt issue costs, prepaid interest and discount on the debt that were written off as a result of the debt conversions of certain of the Debentures into shares of Class A common stock. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010, the Company’s debt obligations were reduced by $262,500 through conversion of certain of the Debentures into shares of Class A common stock.

On March 30, 2011, debenture holders holding approximately 98.71% of the outstanding principal amount of the Debentures consented to an amendment to extend the maturity date of the Debentures from August 1, 2011 to August 1, 2013. The one debenture holder electing not to participate in the extension was paid all amounts due under the Debenture held by such holder, or $14,250, in April 2011. Pursuant to the terms of the amendment, interest will be prepaid in shares of Class A common stock annually each August. The extension of the maturity date of the Debentures was determined to be substantial and therefore triggered “debt extinguishment” accounting under ASC 470-50-40. The Debentures are hybrid financial instruments that blend characteristics of both debt and equity securities.  The Debentures embody settlement alternatives to the holder providing for either redemption of principal and interest in cash (forward component) or conversion into shares of Class A common stock (embedded conversion feature).  As a result of the debt extinguishment accounting, $63,692 of the unamortized debt discount and $25,372 of unamortized debt issuance costs were written off to loss on extinguishment of debt. The calculated fair value of the amended Debentures as of March 30, 2011 was $1,706,919, and included $924,844 for the forward component and $782,075 for the embedded conversion feature.  The forward component was valued using the present value of discounted cash flows arising from the contractual principal and interest payment terms and the embedded conversion feature was valued using a Monte Carlo simulations method. The fair value of the amended Debentures exceeded the carrying value of the Debentures just prior to the amendment date by $619,419 which represents a premium. Approximately 93% of the Debentures are held by related parties and as such $576,700 of the premium was considered a capital contribution and was not included in the loss on extinguishment and therefore had no impact on additional paid in capital. The remaining $42,719 of the premium was associated with Debentures to non-related parties and thus was recorded to loss on extinguishment of debt and additional paid in capital.
 
 
17

 
 
For the quarter ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, $0 and $209,666, respectively, of the amortized debt discount was amortized through interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations. The unamortized debt discount was $0 and $170,719 as of September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Total principal outstanding on the Debentures and the principal amount outstanding specifically to directors, officers and stockholders under the Debentures was $1,087,500 and $1,012,500, respectively at September 30, 2011 and $1,201,750 and $1,016,250, respectively, at September 30, 2010.
 
We can force the debenture holders to convert the Debentures into shares of our Class A common stock if our stock price exceeds $5.00 per share. A forced conversion of the Debentures would include a 10% premium on the face amount.  No payment of dividends may be made while the Debentures are outstanding.


11.  Future Financing Plans

On September 29, 2011, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No, 333-177079) with the SEC announcing its intention to raise funds through the sale of our Class A common stock in a fully-underwritten public offering. The Company intends to sell up to 4.5 million units, with each unit consisting of one share of our Class A common stock, one Warrant A to purchase 0.25 shares of our Class A common stock, and one Warrant B to purchase 0.25 shares of our Class A common stock.
 
 
18

 

 
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the LightPath Technologies, Inc. (“LightPath”, the “Company” or “we”).  All statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 (the “Quarterly Report”), other than statements of historical facts, which address activities, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will or may occur in the future, including such things as future capital expenditures, growth, product development, sales, business strategy and other similar matters are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based largely on our current expectations and assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements set forth herein as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, limited cash resources and the need for additional financing, our dependence on a few key customers, our ability to transition our business into new markets, our ability to increase sales and manage and control costs and other risks described in our reports on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In light of these risks and uncertainties, all of the forward-looking statements made herein are qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by us will be realized. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements contained herein.
 
 
The discussions of our results as presented in this Quarterly Report include use of the terms “EBITDA” and “gross margin.”  EBITDA is discussed below. Gross margin is determined by deducting the cost of sales from operating revenue. Cost of sales includes manufacturing direct and indirect labor, materials, services, fixed costs for rent, utilities and depreciation, and variable overhead. Gross margin should not be considered an alternative to operating income or net income, which are determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe that gross margin, although a non-GAAP financial measure is useful and meaningful to investors as a basis for making investment decisions. It provides investors with information that demonstrates our cost structure and provides funds for our total costs and expenses. We use gross margin in measuring the performance of our business and have historically analyzed and reported gross margin information publicly. Other companies may calculate gross margin in a different manner.
 
Overview

Historical:  We are in the business of supplying users with glass lenses and other specialty optical products that have applications in a number of different industries. Due to the emergence of optical technologies in communications, networking and data storage products in the late 1990’s, there was a significant surge in demand for our products, particularly in the period represented by our fiscal years 1999-2001. During this period, our annual revenues increased from less than $2 million in sales to approximately $25 million due to both acquisitions (to add glass lens production capacity and market presence, and isolators to our existing line of collimators and proprietary glass lenses) and organic product line growth.

From 1998 through 2002, we were heavily reliant on the telecommunications capital equipment market, which went through a rapid increase and a subsequent rapid decrease during this period.  During fiscal 2003 following the contraction of this market, we consolidated our corporate headquarters and all production, including production for GRADIUM glass lenses and collimators previously performed in New Mexico and production of isolators previously performed in California, in Orlando, Florida to reduce costs and adapt to the market changes.

In November 2005, we formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, (“LPOI”), a wholly-owned manufacturing subsidiary, located in Jiading, People’s Republic of China. The manufacturing operations are housed in a 16,000 square foot facility located in the Jiading Industrial Zone near Shanghai.  This plant has increased overall production capacity and enabled us to compete for larger production volumes of optical components and assemblies, and strengthened our partnerships within the Asia/Pacific region.
 
In 2006, the Company began a program to reduce its operating costs, including restructuring its manufacturing operations. By 2008, the major elements of this program were implemented resulting in a significant reduction of costs. The elements of the program were: 1) move the majority of our manufacturing to our Shanghai facility, 2) convert our tooling to a less expensive ceramic system and 3) introduce lower cost glass materials. In exploiting our new cost structure, we have focused on leveraging our facility in Shanghai to address high volume, lower cost applications.  These applications include laser tools, laser gun sights and certain imaging applications. We have established relationships with some of the larger OEM customers in these areas.  We have expanded our sales channels by adding distribution coverage in North America and Asia, and adding a master distributor in Europe.  Finally, we are designing lenses specifically for our existing and new target markets.  Our new designs and new marketing approach have brought additional requests for product information from new customers.  We believe we are well positioned to take advantage of new opportunities in these areas.
 
 
19

 
 
We execute all foreign sales from our Orlando facility and intercompany transactions in U.S. dollars, mitigating the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.  Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies, primarily the Chinese Renminbi, are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the three-month period. During the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, we incurred an $11,856 gain and a $22,840 loss in on foreign currency translation, respectively.
 
How we operate:  We have continuing sales of two basic types: occasional sales via ad-hoc purchase orders of mostly standard product configurations (our “turns” business); and the more challenging and potentially more rewarding business of custom product development. In this latter type of business, we work with customers in the industrial, medical, defense and communications markets to help them determine optical specifications and even create certain optical designs for them, including complex multi-component designs that we call “engineered assemblies.” That is followed by “sampling” small numbers of the product for their test and evaluation. Thereafter, should the customer conclude that our specification or design is the best solution to their product need, we negotiate and “win” a contract (sometimes called a “design win”) – whether of a “blanket purchase order” type or a supply agreement. The strategy is to create an annuity revenue stream that makes the best use of our production capacity as compared to the turns business, which is unpredictable and uneven. A key business objective is to convert as much of our business to the design win and annuity model as possible. We have several challenges in doing so:
 
 
Maintaining an optical design and new product sampling capability, including a high-quality and responsive optical design engineering staff.
 
 
Customers that incorporate products such as ours into higher volume commercial applications, continuously work to reduce their expenses, which often leads them to larger or overseas lower-cost suppliers even if sacrificing quality.
 
 
Because of our limited cash resources and cash flow, we may not be able to support the supply requirements needed to service the demands in the market for high-volume, low-cost lenses.
 
Despite these challenges to obtaining more design win business, we nevertheless have been, and believe we can continue to be, successful in procuring this business because of our unique capabilities in optical design engineering. Additionally, we believe that we offer value to some customers as a secondary or backup source of supply in the United States should they be unwilling to commit all of their source of supply of a critical component to a foreign merchant production source. We also continue to have the proprietary GRADIUM lens glass technology to offer to certain laser markets.
 
Our key indicators:

Usually on a weekly basis, management reviews a number of performance indicators. Some of these indicators are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators such as units of shippable output by major product line, production yield rates by major product line and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the particular product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost and therefore improved margins or improved ability to compete where desirable for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes. We believe that our non-financial production indicators, such as those noted, are proprietary information.

 
20

 
 
Financial indicators that are usually reviewed at the same time include the major elements of the micro-level business cycle:
 
sales backlog;
 
EBITDA;
 
inventory levels; and
 
accounts receivable levels and quality.

These indicators are similarly used to determine tactical operating actions and changes and are discussed in more detail below.

Sales Backlog – We believe that sales growth is our best indicator of success. Our best view into the efficacy of our sales efforts is in our “order book.” Our order book equates to sales “backlog.” It has a quantitative and a qualitative aspect: quantitatively, our backlog’s prospective dollar value and qualitatively, what percent of the backlog is scheduled by the customer for date-certain delivery. We define our “12-month backlog” as customer orders for delivery within one year which is reasonably likely to be fulfilled, including customer purchase orders and products to be provided under supply contracts if they meet the aforementioned criteria. At June 30, 2011, our 12-month backlog was approximately $3.87 million.
 
At September 30, 2011, our 12-month backlog has increased approximately $330,000 to $4.20 million during these slow economic times. We believe this growth to be partially the result of our efforts to enter low-cost, high-volume commercial markets, like the industrial laser tool market and other imaging related product markets. We have seen increased quote activity for our Black Diamond product line and our new blue lenses.  Bookings and quote activity have increased for our industrial low-cost lenses in Asia. With the continuing diversification of our 12-month backlog we expect to show modest increases in revenue for the remaining quarters of 2012.
 
    (Unaudited)  
   
Three months ended
 
   
September 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
             
Net Loss
  $ (198,447 )   $ (852,950 )
Depreciation and amortization
    245,438       211,543  
Interest expense
    24,220       380,510  
EBITDA
  $ 71,211     $ (260,897 )
 
EBITDA- EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure used by management, lenders and certain investors as a supplemental measure in the evaluation of some aspects of a corporation's financial position and core operating performance. Investors sometimes use EBITDA as it allows for some level of comparability of profitability trends between those businesses differing as to capital structure and capital intensity by removing the impacts of depreciation, amortization and interest expense. EBITDA also does not include changes in major working capital items such as receivables, inventory and payables, which can also indicate a significant need for, or source of, cash. Since decisions regarding capital investment and financing and changes in working capital components can have a significant impact on cash flow, EBITDA is not a good indicator of a business's cash flows. We use EBITDA for evaluating the relative underlying performance of the Company's core operations and for planning purposes. We calculate EBITDA by adjusting net loss to exclude net interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, thus the term "Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization" and the acronym "EBITDA."
 
Our EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2011 increased to a gain of approximately $71,000, compared to a loss of approximately $261,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in EBITDA was principally caused by lower net losses and lower interest expense. For comparison purposes, net loss was approximately $198,000 or $0.02 per basic and diluted common share during the first three months of fiscal 2012, compared with the first three months of fiscal 2011, in which we reported a net loss of approximately $853,000 or $0.09 basic and diluted per common share.
 
 
21

 
 
Inventory Levels – We manage our inventory levels to minimize investment in working capital but still have the flexibility to meet customer demand to a reasonable degree. While the mix of inventory is an important factor, including adequate safety stocks of long lead-time materials, an important aggregate measure of inventory in all phases of production is the quarter’s ending inventory expressed as a number of days worth of the quarter’s cost of sales, also known as “days cost of sales in inventory,” or “DCSI.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending inventory by the quarter’s cost of goods sold, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DCSI measure equates to a lesser investment in inventory and therefore more efficient use of capital. During the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, our DCSI was 100 and 78, respectively, compared to 91 for the year ended June 30, 2011.  This increase in DCSI for the three months ended September 30, 2011 is due to higher inventory balances as our plants were producing units based on our sales forecast. Although our sales did not reach our forecasted levels, we anticipate DCSI to improve in the near term as a result of our increased 12-month backlog.
 
Accounts Receivable Levels and Quality – Similarly, we manage our accounts receivable to minimize investment in working capital. We measure the quality of receivables by the proportions of the total that are at various increments past due from our normally extended terms, which are generally 30 days. The most important aggregate measure of accounts receivable is the quarter’s ending balance of net accounts receivable expressed as a number of day’s worth of the quarter’s net revenues, also known as “days sales outstanding,” or “DSO.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending net accounts receivable by the quarter’s net revenues, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DSO measure equates to a lesser investment in accounts receivable, and therefore, more efficient use of capital. During the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, our DSO was 69 and 71, respectively. During the quarter ended June 30, 2011 our DSO was 60. Our DSO is higher than our target DSO of 50 due to 51% of the quarterly revenue earned was from products shipped in September, and therefore, the majority of our total current receivables have not been collected as of September 30, 2011.
 
Other Key Indicators – Other key indicators include various operating metrics, some of which are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators such as on time delivery trends, units of shippable output by major product line, production yield rates by major product line and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully-yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the particular product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost and therefore improved margins or improved ability to compete where desirable for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
As shown in the accompanying financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses from operations and as of September 30, 2011, the Company has an accumulated deficit of approximately $203.9 million. Cash flow and cash management continue to be primary concerns of the Company.  Cash provided by operations was approximately $117,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2011. Cash provided by (used in) operations was $95,000 for fiscal year 2011 and ($471,000) during fiscal year 2010. During fiscal 2010, management continued to pursue cost reduction initiatives which included reductions in labor, material costs and discretionary expense spending. In fiscal 2011, we redesigned certain product lines – collimators and precision molded lenses, increased sales prices on GRADIUM products, obtained more favorable material costs by sourcing some purchased components in China, and instituted more efficient management techniques which improved our product yields.  
 
At September 30, 2011, we had a book cash balance of approximately $694,000. For the three months ended September 30, 2011, cash decreased from June 30, 2011 by approximately $235,000, and cash decreased by approximately $349,000 for the same period last year excluding the proceeds we received from the exercise of common stock warrants. The use of cash in both periods was primarily for capital expenditures for equipment and tooling to support our growth initiatives. On October 31, 2011, the Company had a book cash balance of approximately $592,000.
 
 
22

 
 
Through the first three months of fiscal 2012 we continued to engage in efforts to keep costs under control as we seek renewed sales growth. During the first quarter of fiscal 2012, we experienced rising labor and benefit expenses at our Shanghai facility. We continued to implement cost reduction initiatives, including increasing tooling life and increasing operator yields and efficiencies, lowering coating costs by qualifying coating vendors in China, improving yields on our infrared product line, reducing glass cost by moving more production to less expensive cost glasses and improving production yields and efficiencies. In the first three months of fiscal 2012, 41% of our precision molded lenses sales in units were of more expensive glass types, compared to 26% in the prior fiscal year due to the sale of fewer low cost industrial tool lenses.  
 
We also expect sales increases and margin improvements during the rest of fiscal year 2012.  The increased sales will allow us to spread our overhead cost over a larger base thereby increasing gross margins. We have targeted specific applications in each of these areas: laser tools, gun sights, biomedical instruments and telecommunication subsystems for the glass ashpheres market; laser line generators, industrial tools, optical cutting/welding, scientific lasers, semiconductors, metrology systems  and telecommunication subsystems for the specialty optics market; and thermal imaging, security cameras, thermography, gas sensing and defense targeting and tracking for the infrared optics market. In support of these efforts, the Company is engaged in new product development and customer prospecting for these markets. We believe that cash flow from operations will improve in the future based upon anticipated increases in sales and further cost reductions. We believe these factors will contribute toward achieving profitability assuming we meet our sales targets.
 
If our efforts at reaching positive cash flow and profitability are not successful, we will need to raise additional capital. Should capital not be available to us at reasonable terms, other actions may become necessary in addition to cost control measures and continued efforts to increase sales. These actions may include exploring strategic options for the sale of the Company, the sale of certain product lines, the creation of joint ventures or strategic alliances under which we will pursue business opportunities, the creation of licensing arrangements with respect to our technology, or other alternatives.
 
Economic conditions affecting some of the markets we serve had an effect on our quarterly revenue. In particular, such conditions have affected the telecommunications market and caused our telecommunications customers to delay new orders.  Also, the Chinese government has continued its tight monetary policy in an effort to slow expansion of the economy and reduce inflation. As a result, construction in China has slowed which negatively impacted our industrial tool market in China. These occurrences resulted in a reduction of anticipated quarterly revenue from our telecommunications and industrial tools customers. By taking advantage of our diversified markets and customer base, we were able to offset this revenue loss with increases in revenues from our defense and industrial customers, particularly with our collimator and custom optics lines.  Management believes the Company currently has sufficient cash to fund its operations through November 2012 assuming our revenue stays at current levels and no additional sources of capital are used. The extent to which the Company can sustain operations beyond this date will depend on the Company’s ability to generate cash from operations on increased revenues from low cost and infrared lenses, or sale of non-strategic assets or from future equity or debt financing.

Recent quarterly booking trends have risen over the last fiscal year.  Management believes that taking the current booking rates combined with the existing order backlog the Company will be able to generate increased revenues.  If we determine that future revenues are below current projections then we will attempt to implement additional cost saving measures including seeking lower cost suppliers and attempting to negotiate price reductions from current suppliers.  We are continually evaluating our supplier situation to ensure we meet our booked orders.  This also includes seeking new suppliers and looking for price reductions.
 
Factors which could adversely affect cash balances in future quarters include, but are not limited to, a decline in revenue, poor cash collections from our accounts receivables, increased material costs, increased labor costs, planned production efficiency improvements not being realized, the current recession and economic times and increases in other discretionary spending, particularly sales and marketing costs.
 
Sources and Uses of Cash
 
Operating Activities
 
Our sources of operating cash consist of our limited cash reserves and the cash generated from the collection of receivables after invoicing customers for product shipments. Our uses of operating cash primarily consist of payments to vendors for materials and services purchased, payments to employees for wages and compensation, payments to providers of employee benefits, rent and utilities. Our plan is to minimize our investment in inventory but still support our sales and forecasted anticipated growth. We manage our accounts payable very carefully. We have taken certain actions to conserve our cash including extending payment terms with certain of our suppliers. We have negotiated payment plans with some key vendors and sometimes work with other vendors to develop payment plans.
 
 
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Investing Activities
 
Periodically we make expenditures for capital goods. In the first quarter of fiscal 2012, we had capital expenditures for tooling, computer servers and equipment to support our tooling operations. In the first quarter of fiscal 2011, we added press capacity and tooling for precision molded lenses. Tooling costs for precision molded lenses are capitalized. Recent capital spending projects have been focused on expanding capacity at our Shanghai facility to meet forecasted demand.
 
Financing Activities
 
We do not currently have any availability for borrowing under equipment leases or other loan facilities and we do not currently have any commitment from any party to provide any other financing to the Company. Since 2001, we have experienced negative cash flow or net use of cash from operations. This net use of cash has recently been met by drawing down on our cash and cash equivalent balances and raising additional funds through the sale of shares of common stock or debt convertible into shares of our common stock, such as our private placement offerings over the last five fiscal years. Our cash forecast also includes the repayment of $1,087,500 due in August 2013 on our convertible debentures, assuming the debenture holders have not previously converted the debt to common stock.

There can be no assurances that such financing will be available to us, or, if available, that the terms of such financing will be acceptable to us. As a result, there is significant risk to us in terms of having limited cash resources with which to continue our operations as currently conducted or to pursue new business opportunities. Either of these outcomes would materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial performance and stock price.

On September 29, 2011, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-177079) with the SEC announcing its intention to raise funds through the sale of our Class A common stock in a fully-underwritten public offering. The Company intends to sell up to 4.5 million units, with each unit consisting of one share of our Class A common stock, one Warrant A to purchase 0.25 shares of our Class A common stock, and one Warrant B to purchase 0.25 shares of our Class A common stock.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We do not engage in any activities involving variable interest entities or off-balance sheet arrangements.

 
Results of Operations
 
Fiscal First Quarter: Three months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010
 
Revenues:
For the quarter ended September 30, 2011, we reported total revenues of $2.73 million compared to $2.25 million for the first quarter of last fiscal year, an increase of 21%. The increase from the first quarter of the prior fiscal year was primarily attributable to higher sales volumes in precision molded optics, which accounted for 77% of our revenues. Our precision molded optics sales units were higher and our average selling price was higher due to the product mix change in the quarter’s sales. Growth in sales going forward is expected to be derived primarily from the precision molded optics product line, particularly our low-cost lenses being sold in Asia, infrared lenses and collimators.
 
Cost of Sales:
 
Our gross margin percentage in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 compared to first quarter of fiscal 2011 increased to 40% from 37%. Total manufacturing cost of $1.65 million was approximately $220,000 higher in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. This was due to higher sales volumes and higher labor costs due to higher volumes. Unit shipment volume in precision molded optics was up 80% in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 compared to the same period last year. In the first three months of fiscal 2012, 41% of our precision molded optics sales in units were of more expensive glass types, compared to 26% in the same period last year.  Direct costs, which include material, labor and services, increased to 29% of revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2012, as compared to 27% of revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2011, primarily due to product mix changes including increased sales of infrared lenses and collimators which have a higher material cost also contributed to the increase in direct costs
 
 
24

 
 
The most significant factor creating potential downward pressure on our gross margins is the level of revenue from the sales of precision molded optics, collimator and infrared products. Lower revenues generated from sales of these products may affect our ability to cover certain fixed costs related to such products. As our revenues increase we expect improvements in gross margins as our overhead costs are amortized over a higher base.

Selling, General and Administrative:
During the first quarter of fiscal 2012, selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) costs were approximately $1.00 million, compared to $1.07 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2011, a decrease of approximately $76,000. This decrease was due to lower investor relations expenses.  We intend to maintain SG&A costs generally at current levels, with some increases expected for sales and marketing.
 
New Product Development:
New product development costs were approximately $288,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 compared to $223,000 in the same period last year, a 29% increase. This increase was primarily due to increases in wages and materials purchased for current projects with respect to our infrared lenses and new lens designs. We anticipate these expenses to increase for the remainder of fiscal year 2012 as we invest in the continued development of our infrared product line.

Amortization of Intangibles:
Amortization expense from intangibles remained the same at approximately $8,000 per quarter in both the fiscal quarters ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
Other Income (Expense):
Interest expense was approximately $24,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 as compared to $380,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. This higher interest expense last year resulted from the accelerated conversion by certain investors of their debentures into common stock in the first quarter of 2011 which reduced the Company’s debt obligation by $732,500. As the interest and debt issuance cost was amortized over the full life of the debenture, with the accelerated conversion approximately $200,000 of cost associated with the amount converted was expensed during the first quarter of 2011. The debentures issued in August 1, 2008 accounted for approximately all of the interest, which accrues at 8% per annum, during the quarter ended September 30, 2011. Future interest expense on the debentures is expected to be approximately $24,000 per quarter. Investment and other income was approximately $35,000 in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 and $2,600 in the first quarter of fiscal 2011.
 
Net Loss:
Net loss was approximately $198,000 or $0.02 basic and diluted per share during the first quarter of fiscal 2012, compared with the first quarter of fiscal 2011, in which we reported a net loss of approximately $853,000 or $0.09 basic and diluted per share. The $655,000 decrease in net loss resulted from the improvement of gross margin in the curent period and the $380,000 charge for interest and debt issuance costs associated with the accelerated conversion of a portion of the debentures into common stock during the prior period. Weighted-average shares outstanding (basic) increased to 9,746,107 in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 compared to 9,011,214 in the first quarter in fiscal 2011, primarily due to the issuance of shares for the conversion of debentures and warrant exercises in the fiscal 2011.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates:
 
Allowance for accounts receivable is calculated by taking 100% of the total of invoices that are over 90 days past due from due date and 10% of the total of invoices that are over 60 days past due from due date. Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. Recovery of bad debt amounts which were previously written off is recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense in the period the payment is collected. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.
 
Inventory obsolescence reserve is calculated by reserving 100% for items that have not been sold in two years or that have not been purchased in two years and 25% for products which we have more than a two year supply, as well as reserving 50% for other items deemed to be slow moving within the last 12 months and reserving 25% for items deemed to have low material usage within the last six months.  
 
 
25

 
 
Revenue is recognized from product sales when products are shipped to the customer, provided that the Company has received a valid purchase order, the price is fixed, title has transferred, collection of the associated receivable is reasonably assured, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Revenues from product development agreements are recognized as milestones are completed in accordance with the terms of the agreements and upon shipment of products, reports or designs to the customer.
 
Stock based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period.  We estimate the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. Most options granted under our Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan vest ratably over two to four years and generally have ten-year contract lives.  The volatility rate is based on four-year historical trends in common stock closing prices and the expected term was determined based primarily on historical experience of previously outstanding options.  The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities. The likelihood of meeting targets for option grants that are performance based are evaluated each quarter. If it is determined that meeting the targets is probable then the compensation expense will be amortized over the remaining vesting period.
 
Beneficial Conversion and Warrant Valuation. The Company recorded a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) related to the issuance of convertible debt instruments that have conversion features at fixed rates that are in-the-money when issued, and the fair value of warrants issued in connection with those instruments. The BCF for the convertible instruments was recognized and measured by allocating a portion of the proceeds to warrants, based on their relative fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model, and as a reduction to the carrying amount of the convertible instrument equal to the intrinsic value of the conversion feature.  The discounts recorded in connection with the BCF and warrant valuation were recognized as non-cash interest expense over the term of the convertible debt, using the effective interest method. 

 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) as of September 30, 2011, the end of the period covered by this report.  Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2011 in reporting on a timely basis information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act.
 
During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2011, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 
26

 
 
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 6.  Exhibits
 
The following exhibits are filed herewith as a part of this report.

Exhibit Number  
 
Description
 
Notes
         
3.1.1
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, filed June 15, 1992 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
1
         
3.1.2
 
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, filed October 2, 1995 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
1
         
3.1.3
 
Certificate of Designations of Class A common stock and Class E-1 common stock, Class E-2 common stock, and Class E-3 common stock of Registrant, filed November 9, 1995 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
1
         
3.1.4
 
Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock of Registrant, filed July 9, 1997 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
2
         
3.1.5
 
Certificate of Designation of Series B Stock of Registrant, filed October 2, 1997 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
3
         
3.1.6
 
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, filed November 12, 1997 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
3
         
3.1.7
 
Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock of Registrant, filed February 6, 1998 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
4
         
3.1.8
 
Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series D Participating Preferred Stock of Registrant filed April 29, 1998 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
5

3.1.9  
 
Certificate of Designation of Series F Preferred Stock of Registrant, filed November 2, 1999 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
6
         
3.1.10  
 
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, filed February 28, 2003 with the Secretary of State of Delaware
 
7
         
3.2
 
Bylaws of Registrant
 
1
         
4.1
 
Rights Agreement dated May 1, 1998, between Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
 
5
         
4.2
 
First Amendment to Rights Agreement dated as of February 28, 2008, between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
 
12
         
10.1
 
Directors Compensation Agreement dated November 11, 1999 between Robert Ripp and LightPath Technologies, Inc. and First Amendment thereto
 
8
         
10.2
 
Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan dated October 15, 2002
 
9
         
10.3
 
Employee Letter Agreement dated June 12, 2008, between LightPath Technologies, Inc., and J. James Gaynor, its Chief Executive Officer & President
 
10
         
10.4
 
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of August 1, 2008, issued by LightPath Technologies, Inc., to certain investors
 
11
         
10.5
 
Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 1, 2008, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., and certain investors
 
11
         
10.6
 
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of August 1, 2008, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., and certain investors
 
11
         
10.7
 
Security Agreement dated as of August 1, 2008, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc. and certain investors
 
11
         
10.8
 
Form of Subsidiary Guarantee dated as of August 1, 2008, by Geltech Inc., and LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai), Ltd., in favor of  certain investors
 
11
         
10.9
 
Form of 8% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture dated as of August 1, 2008, issued by LightPath Technologies, Inc., to certain investors
 
11
 
10.10 
 
 
First Amendment to the 8% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture, dated as of December 31, 2008
 
13
         
10.11
 
Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated LightPath Technologies, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan, dated as of December 30, 2008
 
14
         
10.12
 
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of August 19, 2009, issued by LightPath Technologies, Inc., to certain investors
 
15
         
10.13
 
Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of August 19, 2009, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc. and certain investors
 
15
         
10.14
 
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of August 19, 2009, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., and certain investors
 
15

10.15
 
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of April 8, 2010, issued by LightPath Technologies, Inc. to certain investors
 
16
         
10.16
 
Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of April 8, 2010, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc. and certain investors
 
16
         
10.17
 
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of April 8, 2010, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., and certain investors
 
16
 
10.18  
 
 
Second Amendment to the 8% Senior Secured Convertible Debenture, dated as of March 30, 2011
 
17
         
10.19   2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated December 6, 2004    18
 
31.1
 
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
*
         
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
*
         
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code
 
*
         
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code
 
*
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
   
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
27

 

 
Notes:
 
1.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (File No: 33-80119) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 7, 1995 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

2.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 10-KSB40 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 11, 1997 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

3.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 1997 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

4.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-47905) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 1998 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

5.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 1998 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

6.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No: 333-94303) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2000 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

7.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2003 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

8.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 10-KSB filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 31, 2000 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

9.   This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 12, 2002 and is incorporated herein by reference.

10. This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 12, 2008, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
11. This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2008, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
12.  This exhibit was filed as amendment number 1 to form 8A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2008, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
13.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 6, 2009, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
14.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2009, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
15.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 20, 2009, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
16.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 9, 2010, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

17.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2011, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
18.  This exhibit was filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No: 333-121385) filed with the Securitites and Exchange Commission on December 17, 2004 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto. 
 
 
*   Filed herewith.
 
 
28

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
      LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.  
         
Date: November 3, 2011   By: /s/ J. James Gaynor  
      President and Chief Executive Officer  
         
         
Date: November 3, 2011   By: /s/ Dorothy M. Cipolla  
      Chief Financial Officer  
 
 
29