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EX-10.17 - EX-10.17 - EMS TECHNOLOGIES INCg26467exv10w17.htm
EX-32 - EX-32 - EMS TECHNOLOGIES INCg26467exv32.htm
EX-10.1 - EX-10.1 - EMS TECHNOLOGIES INCg26467exv10w1.htm
EX-31.2 - EX-31.2 - EMS TECHNOLOGIES INCg26467exv31w2.htm
EX-23.1 - EX-23.1 - EMS TECHNOLOGIES INCg26467exv23w1.htm
EX-21.1 - EX-21.1 - EMS TECHNOLOGIES INCg26467exv21w1.htm
EX-31.1 - EX-31.1 - EMS TECHNOLOGIES INCg26467exv31w1.htm
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010
Commission File #0-6072
EMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Georgia   58-1035424
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (IRS Employer ID Number)
 
     
660 Engineering Drive, Norcross, Georgia   30092
(Address of principal executive offices)
  (Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (770) 263-9200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
     
Title of Class
 
Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $.10 par value
  Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act: Yes o No x
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act: Yes o No x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K: o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer  o  Accelerated filer  x
Non-accelerated filer  o   Smaller reporting company  o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes o No x
 
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by persons other than directors or executive officers as of July 3, 2010 was $218 million, based on a closing price of $14.35 per share. The basis of this calculation does not constitute a determination by the registrant that all of its directors and executive officers are affiliates as defined in Rule 405.
 
As of February 26, 2011, the number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding was 15,330,143 shares.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Certain information contained in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the registrant is incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2. Properties
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Item 4. [Reserved]
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
SIGNATURES
EX-10.1
EX-10.17
EX-21.1
EX-23.1
EX-31.1
EX-31.2
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
The discussions of the Company’s business in this Report, including under the captions “Business” in Item 1 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7, and in other public documents or statements that may from time to time incorporate or refer to these disclosures, contain various statements that are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “plan,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “should,” “could” and other words and terms of similar meaning, typically identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
 
1. statements about what the Company or management believes or expects,
 
  2.  statements about anticipated technological developments or anticipated market response to or impact of current or future technological developments or product offerings,
 
3. statements about potential or anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions,
 
4. statements about trends in markets that are served or pursued by the Company,
 
  5.  statements implying that the Company’s technology or products are well-suited for particular markets, and
 
6. statements about the Company’s plans for product developments or market initiatives.
 
These statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those suggested in any forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those risks and uncertainties set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur or arise or are anticipated to occur or arise after the date of this Report except as may be required by law.
 
PART I
 
Item 1.  Business
 
Overview
 
In this report, unless the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer to the continuing operations of EMS Technologies, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial and statistical information pertains solely to our continuing operations.
 
We are a leading provider of wireless connectivity solutions addressing the enterprise mobility, communications-on-the-move, tracking and in-flight connectivity markets for both commercial and government users. We focus on the needs of the mobile information user and the increasing demand for wireless broadband communications. Our products and services enable communications across a variety of coverage areas, ranging from global to regional to within a single facility.
 
Our business provides product solutions and services that enable aviation in-cabin wireless and satellite-based connectivity, security, vehicle and maritime tracking, and military RADAR/space and communication-on-the-move applications. We also provide product solutions and support services for use in supply chain management networks for warehousing, distribution and ports, as well as new markets such as field services and agriculture.
 
In 2010, our business operated in four segments, Aviation, Defense & Space (“D&S”), LXE, and Global Tracking. Each of our segments is focused on a different application of wireless technology. These segments share a common foundation in broadband and other advanced wireless technologies, which provides important
 
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technical and marketing synergies and contributes to our ability to continually develop and commercialize new products for use in a wide array of mobile communications.
 
Founded in 1968 as Electromagnetic Sciences, Inc., we initially concentrated on microwave components, products and technology and subsequently developed subsystems for one of the first electronically steerable antennas deployed in space. The expertise and technology we have developed during the past 42 years in this original business remain directly applicable to a range of our current defense and commercial products, including products for satellite, ground and airborne communications, as well as RADAR, signal intelligence and electronic countermeasure systems.
 
In the early 1980’s, we developed a line of wireless mobile computers and local-area network products for use in materials-handling applications. These products enable our industrial customers to connect mobile employees to central data networks and take advantage of sophisticated enterprise software and automatic-identification technologies such as bar-code scanning.
 
Beginning in the mid-1990’s and continuing through to present day, we have expanded into several new markets through the development or acquisition of additional product lines. We have established an industry-leading position in the market for high-speed, two-way satellite communications solutions for use on aircraft and other mobile platforms, and we develop and market antennas, terminals and support services for use by search-and-rescue and emergency management organizations around the world.
 
Today, our connectivity and tracking offerings serve the aeronautical, defense, maritime, commercial space and auto-identification/data capture markets making possible mobility, visibility and intelligence. For example, our Aviation segment supplies both high- and low-speed data communications equipment, which enable voice, e-mail, tracking, video conferencing and Internet capabilities on aircraft. Our D&S segment provides data links, RADAR, Satcom and space systems for military and commercial applications to allow real-time intelligence integrated across multiple platforms. Our LXE segment develops supply chain logistics solutions with our wireless network infrastructure and rugged mobile computers. Our Global Tracking segment provides the capability to track, monitor and control remote assets, regardless of whether they are fixed, semi-fixed or mobile. More than 18 governments worldwide rely on this segment’s software and hardware for emergency management applications.
 
In February 2011, we formed EMS Global Resource Management, which is a combination of the LXE and Global Tracking segments. This new group was created to align the strengths of, and gain more strategic coordination between, our LXE and Global Tracking businesses, especially in addressing the growing need for in-transit visibility solutions for international markets. We have also begun the alignment of Aviation and D&S as the AeroConnectivity group, which have common long-term strategic interests such as Ka-band connectivity.
 
Competitive Strengths
 
Technological Leadership
 
Since our founding in 1968, we have been an innovative leader in the development and commercialization of wireless communications technologies. Early in our history, we pioneered the use of ferrite materials for electronic beam forming, a practice that remains important in many sophisticated defense communications applications. Our more recent innovations include the following products, which we believe were the first in their respective markets: airborne terminals and antennas for high-speed, two-way data transmission via satellite for the communication of voice and data in the military, business and air transportation markets; airborne computer and networking systems; antenna systems allowing commercial airlines to provide satellite television to passengers, and satellite anti-jam systems to protect commercial communication satellites from jamming and transponder hijackings.
 
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Commitment to Research and Development
 
We continually devote significant resources to research and development that enhances and maintains our technological advantages, and enables us to overcome the substantial technical barriers that are often encountered in the commercialization of sophisticated wireless communications equipment. Over the past three years, we have invested an aggregate of $60 million in company-sponsored research and development. In addition, our work under government and commercial contracts for new wireless communications equipment often leads to innovations that benefit us on future contracts and product development efforts. Approximately 30% of our employees hold science and engineering degrees, and our engineers actively participate in professional and industry technical conferences and working groups. As of December 31, 2010, our personnel have been awarded, and have assigned to us, 59 currently active U.S. patents and 33 foreign patents. In addition, as of December 31, 2010, we had pending applications for approximately 7 U.S. and 17 foreign patents covering various technology improvements and other current or potential products.
 
Technological Synergies
 
Although we conduct our businesses through separately managed segments, we have established a variety of processes that facilitate technical exchanges and cooperation among them. Our shared knowledge base and core expertise in wireless technologies create synergies among our various businesses. We believe this provides us advantages in research and development, manufacturing, and sales and marketing, and better positions us as an important supplier of connectivity and tracking systems and services to a diverse base of military and commercial customers. An example is the technical collaboration of engineering teams within our Aviation and LXE business units to develop a smart handset for future aero-connectivity systems.
 
Strong Customer Relationships
 
During our 42 years of operation, we have developed cooperative and on-going relationships with important commercial and government customers. We build and strengthen these relationships by anticipating and recognizing our customers’ needs, by working with them to understand how we should focus our internal innovation efforts, and by providing customers with technologically advanced and cost-effective solutions coupled with excellent customer service. We continue to receive important orders and contracts from companies that have been our customers or industrial partners for many years. In example, within the Aviation segment, those firms include Airbus, Rockwell Collins, Honeywell, Panasonic Avionics and Aircell. And, within the D&S segment, those firms include Lockheed Martin, Northorp Grumman, Harris, L3 Communications, Boeing, Thales and Panasonic.
 
Diverse Global Customer Base
 
We offer multiple wireless product lines to a diverse customer base through facilities in 13 countries. Sales to no individual customer exceeded more than 10% of our annual net sales during any of the years ended December 31, 2010 or 2008. Sales to one of our customers during the year ended December 31, 2009 exceeded 10% of our annual net sales, with sales of $37.9 million, mainly due to a significant order received by our D&S segment that is not expected to reoccur. Sales to various customers for U.S. government end use accounted for 23.7% of our net sales in 2010, 29.7% of our net sales in 2009 and 26.3% of our net sales for 2008. Additionally, approximately 31.5%, 29.8% and 39.6% of our net sales for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, were derived from sales to customers outside the U.S. We believe our geographically diverse customer base and broad range of products provide us ample opportunity to grow our business and help mitigate the effects of a downturn in any one of our markets.
 
Strong Manufacturing Capabilities
 
We manufacture certain of our products in our manufacturing facilities, and for others, we source components from foreign and domestic suppliers, and primarily perform final assembly and test functions. For our defense applications, we have developed our own highly specialized domestic manufacturing capabilities. Through efforts to improve our manufacturing and sourcing processes, we have reduced costs and improved production
 
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efficiencies of certain of our products in recent years. These efforts have enhanced our ability to compete for new business and improved our profitability.
 
Our Markets and Products
 
Our business is the design, manufacture and sale of advanced wireless communications products. We participate in selected markets within the broad wireless communications industry that typically require a high level of technical expertise, innovative product development and, in many cases, specialized manufacturing capabilities. Although our businesses share a common heritage and focus on wireless communications, they address a variety of markets with different technical and manufacturing requirements, distribution channels, customers and purchasing processes.
 
Accordingly, as of December 31, 2010, we were organized into four separately managed reporting segments, as follows:
 
                                     
Segment     Primary Operations     Percentage of Net Sales  
              2010         2009         2008  
                                     
Aviation     Connectivity and in-cabin infrastructure equipment for a broad range of commercial and military aircraft, including satellite communications antennas, terminals and networking equipment, rugged data storage and data recording/replay       30.1         34.5         27.7  
Defense & Space     Engineered hardware for satellites, defense and electronics applications (defense and commercial)       19.1         25.4         22.9  
LXE     Rugged mobile terminals and related equipment for wireless data collection (predominantly commercial)       39.8         30.4         43.5  
Global Tracking     End-to-end tracking and mapping equipment and services for security, land tracking, and maritime markets, as well as, satellite ground stations for emergency management operations       11.0         9.7         5.9  
                                     
 
Aviation
 
Industry
 
Our Aviation segment serves the business jet, air-transport, general aviation, and military aviation markets. Aviation designs and develops satellite-based communications solutions through a broad array of terminals and antennas for the aeronautical market. The segment also builds in-cabin connection devices and computers to process data on board aircraft, including rugged data storage, airborne connectivity, air-to-ground connectivity, and data recording and replay equipment.
 
In the air-transport market, Aviation delivers its equipment and technology through partners such as Panasonic Avionics, Aircell, OnAir, Aeromobile, Row44, and LiveTV. Aviation’s equipment and technology enables in-flight connectivity on more than 40 airlines, including Lufthansa, Delta Air Lines, Airtran, Continental, Emirates, Air France, Ryanair, and TAP, to name a few. In the business jet and general aviation markets, Aviation’s terminals, antennas and networking equipment provide a globally capable solution for a broad variety of aircraft. One variant provides office-like communications capabilities to the cabin while providing critical safety communications capabilities to the cockpit. Aviation’s CNX® Cabin Gateway family of networking products is widely used for airborne networking equipment, and variations of this product line offer compression and acceleration of data, which significantly reduces the user’s airtime costs. Aviation’s antennas are mounted on the fuselage or on the tail to accommodate a variety of aircraft, including the Bombardier Global Express, Dassault Falcon 7X, Gulfstream G550, and Airbus A320. More than 1,300 of Aviation’s antennas have been installed on more than 35 different types of aircraft. Aviation also sells an antenna specifically for military use. This antenna is mounted in the forward hatch of a C-130 military cargo aircraft and, when connected to the transceiver, provides instant communications that can be rolled on and off the aircraft.
 
Aviation markets and sells most of its hardware through distributor channels. Third-party distributors sell directly to end-users, such as the aircraft manufacturers. One of Aviation’s most significant distribution
 
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channels relates to technology components or avionics terminal systems sold through leading airframe and avionics manufacturers, including Boeing, Airbus, Honeywell, Rockwell Collins, and Thales.
 
Products and Services
 
Aviation’s products enable customers in aircraft and other mobile platforms to communicate over satellite networks at a variety of data speeds. Most of its growth and major product expansions have occurred since 2004. The demand for mobile communications has driven the rise of aero-connectivity system use on business and commercial jets around the world. Aviation continues to lead the industry as a key supplier of Inmarsat Swift64 and SwiftBroadband products that support airborne communications at DSL speeds, as well as Iridium-based messaging and tracking for airplanes and helicopters. Aviation’s high-speed data terminals, antennas and networking products are designed for use in the aeronautical market. We believe that we are the top supplier of Swift64 high-speed data communications equipment, garnering more than an estimated 90% of the high-speed data Satcom market for military aircraft. Aviation’s eNfusion Broadbandtm line of aeronautical products enable voice, e-mail, videoconferencing and internet capabilities on a broad variety of aircraft. Aviation directly sells equipment and technology under the eNfusion, aspire, and Sky Connect brand names, and also sells indirectly as a supplier to leading airframe and avionics manufacturers and other aviation players. Aviation customers include Fortune 100 companies and the U.S. Government’s VIP Fleet, as well as the United States’ leading airborne emergency medical service transport, air taxi, airborne firefighting and offshore oil transport companies.
 
Business Strategy
 
Aviation will continue to serve the business jet, air-transport, general aviation and military aviation markets as well as the broader aeronautical market with innovative connectivity solutions. Advances in technology, upgrades in satelite constellations, the demand for higher bandwidth serving applications, and the continued demand for mobile information users to stay connected anywhere will help to drive the future growth in this business. Aviation is well positioned in the market place with core competencies in mobile connectivity to take advantage of these changes.
 
The Aviation segment was formed in early 2010 to further align the synergies of our recently acquired aviation businesses with our Canadian-based aviation business. In 2010, steps were taken to integrate the core processes
 
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of these businesses including moving the manufacturing and administrative functions from our Takoma Park, MD facility to our Moorsetown, NJ facility.
 
                   
Products/Services     Key Features/Benefits     Selected Applications     Customers
Aeronautical Antennas
    Mechanically and electronically-steered antennas for two-way communications connected to an aircraft’s Satcom, steerable antenna systems for live television from broadcast satellites     Corporate aircraft, government and military aircraft, commercial airlines     Gulfstream, Bombardier, Honeywell, Dassault, Thales, L3 Communications, Boeing, Panasonic Avionics
Aeronautical Tracking
    Lightweight, autonomous tracking terminals provide GPS-based location and status reporting from anywhere on or in-flight over the globe     Off-shore Oil; Air Medical Transport; Fire Patrol and Suppression; Paramilitary Drug Interdiction; Pipeline Patrol     Bristow, Air Methods, Chevron, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. State Department, Military
Aeronautical
Telephony and E-mail
Services
    Narrowband telephony provides in-flight voice and e-mail access to cabin telephones and cockpit interface devices     Corporate aircraft, Commercial airlines, helicopters, general aviation     El Al, Qantas, Pfizer, ALCOA, Merrill Lynch, Omniflight
Aeronautical
Terminals
    Provide aircraft operators with two-way high-speed data (broadband) capability     Corporate aircraft, government and military aircraft, commercial airlines     Corporate aircraft modification centers, U.S. Department of Defense, Northrop Grumman, L3 Communications, Boeing, Rockwell Collins, Honeywell, Thales
Avionics Data
Networking Products
    Data servers, routers, switches, and storage devices to manage Internet, entertainment and operational data aboard aircraft     Corporate aircraft, government and military aircraft, commercial airlines     Airbus, Boeing, Rockwell Collins, AirCell, Row44, Northrop Grumman, L3
                   
 
Defense & Space
 
Industry
 
EMS Defense & Space (“D&S”) is a leading supplier of antenna and radio frequency (“RF”) beam management systems for a broad range of military and commercial applications, including mobile network-centric operations, RADAR for battlefield visibility and precision strike, satellite sub-systems, and commercial aero connectivity.
 
Defense markets are vital to D&S. The U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) is continually developing or significantly upgrading secure communications, intelligence and surveillance systems to achieve “information dominance” over adversaries, and D&S products are included in that effort. Our D&S facilities meet requirements for performing on classified military programs and more than 250 of our personnel hold U.S. DoD security clearances. D&S also performs research and development services directly for the U.S. DoD.
 
D&S products are sold primarily to space and defense prime contractors or commercial communications systems integrators rather than to end-users, and are deployed on airborne, naval, terrestrial and space platforms.
 
Products and Services
 
D&S provides government and military customers with critical RF systems and subsystems for terrestrial, airborne and space-based communication; RADAR and electronic warfare systems; and advanced surveillance, electronic counter-measure and secure communications capabilities. Our products are also used in a number of commercial and civil applications. D&S products are grouped into four product families: Space, RADAR, Satellite Communications (“Satcom”) and Data Links.
 
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Our Data Links and Satcom antenna products provide secure inter-connectivity across war-fighter elements. D&S offers light weight, low profile, low RADAR signature (stealth), high performance antenna systems, RF electronics and positioning systems to assure two-way and tactical communications to soldiers on foot and moving platforms such as aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicle (“UAVs”), ground mobile and shipboard systems. D&S also designs and manufactures Satcom antenna systems for the commercial aviation market.
 
D&S designs and manufactures line-replacable units (“LRUs”), subsystems and full beam managed solutions for active and passive RADAR and electronic warfare systems. Our expertise in low loss/high power ferrites, high-power switching, antenna design, mechanical packaging, manufacturing and test ensures our RADAR front-end products exceed the most demanding performance requirements.
 
D&S Space hardware systems include microwave subsystems capable of high-frequency, low noise, high-power and fast switching to facilitate jam-resistant, secure mobile communications. Our Space products enable the lowest receive path noise and highest transmit power in space with unmatched performance and reliability from L-band through W-band.
 
Business Strategy
 
In 2010, D&S has taken steps to broaden its business opportunities to include product-based offerings. D&S also began taking new approaches to the design and development of high-demand products to incorporate off-the-shelf (“OTS”) methodologies and better enable volume manufacturing.
 
The D&S product and customer-based sales model enables the organization to market core products directly to key prime contractors with the intent of deploying our products on multiple platforms for multiple applications. Our prime contractor customers complement our marketing efforts with inroads to end users.
 
With the U.S. DoD’s budget constraints leading to greater focus on intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, D&S is well-positioned for long-term growth with the organization’s core communications-enabling technologies and products. Additionally, the transformation to a product orientation will enable D&S to capitalize on opportunities for repeatable business.
 
                   
Products/Services     Key Features/Benefits     Selected Applications     Programs
Communications-
On-The Move
Data Link
    Light weight, low profile, low RADAR signature (stealth), high performance and agile beam antennas, RF electronics, and positioning systems     Military tactical communications (airborne, ship, ground mobile, and soldier)     F-22 Intra-Flight Data Link, High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Datalink, Hawklink MH-60 Datalink, WIN-T Army Mobile DataLinks, Navy Airborne Data Links, Panasonic
Satcom Antenna
Systems
          Military and commercial SATCOM communications (airborne, ground mobile, and soldier)     Manpack Portable GBS Suite, Panasonic Antenna
RADAR
Microwave Systems
    Low loss, high power ferrite components and electronic systems, and RF front end RADAR panels and conformal millimeter wave RADAR antenna systems that allow for co-boresighting of laser and EO/IR for tri-mode missile seekers     Defense electronic surveillance and countermeasure and Precision strike air-to-ground missiles     EW - F-16, AQL-211 RADAR - Phalanx, JSTARS, TPQ-37 and Joint Air to Ground Missile (JAGM), Small Diameter Bomb II
Space Hardware
Systems
    Microwave subsystems capable of high-frequency, low noise, high-power and fast switching, facilitating jam-resistant, secure mobile communications     High-rate commercial and secure military communications     Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS), Advanced EHF (AEHF), National Security Programs, W2A, Skynet 5, Hylas 2, Yahsat
                   
 
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LXE
 
Industry
 
LXE competes in the mobile communications industry, providing rugged mobile computers and wireless networks at approximately 10,000 sites worldwide, including the facilities of many Fortune 500 companies and some of the world’s largest materials-handling installations. In 2010, 2009 and 2008, approximately 43%, 51% and 56% of LXE’s net sales were generated outside the U.S., respectively.
 
A typical system consists of LXE mobile computers that incorporate WLAN radios, wireless access points that provide a radio link to the wired network and associated host computers, and software that manages and facilitates the communications process with the database. LXE’s systems generally incorporate barcode scanning, or other automatic-identification capabilities, and are primarily based on 802.11 Wi-Fi RF open system standards.
 
LXE products are used in conjunction with IT infrastructure provided by others, such as host computer systems and inventory-management or other data collection applications software. Uses of these systems include employment of real-time data communications in directing and tracking inventory movement in a large warehouse, manufacturing facility, or container yard.
 
Products and Services
 
As a leading provider of advanced mobility devices, networks and services LXE’s computers are grouped into three product families: handheld units, hands-free units, and units that are vehicle-mounted predominantly on a forklift or truck.
 
All are ruggedized to withstand harsh conditions in warehouses, port facilities and outdoor environments. The latest generation of LXE mobile computers supports WindowsMobile®, Windows CE® and Windows XP® operating systems, contain multiple wireless technologies such as wide-area GPRS and CDMA cellular, local area 802.11Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth® short range wireless. Radio access points and other infrastructure products and accessories are generally acquired from third parties for resale and installation by LXE and its partners.
 
LXE has made a substantial commitment to the use of alternative auto-identification technologies, including barcode imaging and voice recognition in the execution of data collection tasks. Innovations in wearable computer ergonomics and sophisticated voice recognition technology have enabled the rapid market growth of hands-free picking, warehousing applications.
 
LXE’s equipment is marketed directly to end-users, through distributors, and to integrators (such as value-added resellers) who incorporate them with their products and services for sale and delivery to end users. Resellers and distributors each have their own sales organizations which complement and extend LXE’s sales function.
 
Business Strategy
 
In 2009, LXE began placing greater emphasis on mobility solutions outside its core warehousing, manufacturing and intermodal markets. The introduction of ultra-rugged handheld computers which support WWAN data communication in a terrestrial cellular network, and the addition of WWAN support in the vehicle-mount computers were the first steps to migrating the product line in this direction. These products allow LXE to sell into a wider range of potential markets including industrial field service, manufacturing, professional services, transportation, utilities and public safety.
 
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LXE believes that long-term growth opportunities exist within these targeted markets as companies globally continue to look to increase productivity and derive benefits from mobilizing their applications and workforce.
 
                   
Products/Services     Key Features/Benefits     Selected Applications     Customers
Handheld Terminals
    Small, lightweight and rugged, providing true mobility     Warehousing, Logistics      
Vehicle-Mounted
Terminals
    Heavier-duty design for use on forklifts, cranes, and other material handling vehicles            
Wearable Terminals
    Very small and lightweight with ergonomic schemes for mounting on operators     Warehouse order picking      
Wireless Networks
    Communications link between mobile computers and local network, primarily based on 802.11 standard           Consumer product manufacturers, Third-party logistics providers, Retailers, Container port operators
Host connectivity software;
accessory products;
maintenance services
    Industry-standard connectivity to various host computers; enhanced system functionality; extended service on either a contract or pay-as-you-go basis            
                   
 
Global Tracking
 
Industry
 
Global Tracking provides satellite-based communication products and services for telematics and micro telemetry applications into global markets. Global Tracking’s tracking products and services enable its clients to locate, track, communicate, and safeguard mobile assets, fleets, cargo and personnel, as well as to monitor fixed assets in hostile and remote terrains. Global Tracking markets its tracking products and services to three vertical markets — land tracking, security, and maritime and its customers include a broad range of corporate clients as well as national defense organizations, the United Nations and non-government organizations. In addition, Global Tracking is the leading provider of an integrated emergency management solution under an internationally recognized Cospas-Sarsat system. This emergency management solution enables effective planning and coordination of rescue operations worldwide and has more than a 75% market share. Global Tracking markets its emergency management products directly to end-users in government, military and coastguard agencies.
 
Products and Services
 
Global Tracking’s products include standard and battery-enhanced terminals, and the Osprey Portable tracker, a robust lightweight device (350g) offering 2-way tracking for individuals and fleets in remote or dangerous locations. The terminal products are used in conjunction with the Inmarsat IsatM2M service. This service is based on a geostationary satellite system which provides a highly accurate global positioning capability with a very high level of service reliability.
 
In addition to these products, Global Tracking provides airtime services across the Inmarsat satellite network. This service offers better than 99.9% availability across the in-house maintained network. Currently, there are over 100,000 active terminals within the customer base. Global Tracking’s hardware products are supported by ViewPoint, a web-based application for the management of these terminals, which provides highly extendable and interactive mapping features, using Bing and Google-base layer maps. These maps can be customized using points-of-interest and can provide multiple geofence options.
 
Business Strategy
 
The strategy of the business is to move from being a supplier of hardware terminals, to being a solutions provider to our customers. By offering an integrated suite of hardware, airtime and application software, we can provide customers with an end-to-end solution to their tracking requirements. For customers with special
 
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requirements, such as in many military applications, we are uniquely positioned to customize applications to their specific needs, having in-house dedicated software and application engineers ready to provide solutions to customer demands.
 
The business is also developing additional channels to market. We are expanding our sales reach into new regions such as Australia, Russia, the Middle East, and South Africa. In conjunction with our direct sales channels, we are also developing relationships with value-added-resellers to sell and support our products in regions where they have particular expertise or customer relationships.
 
Global Tracking has demonstrated significant growth in sales and profitability in recent years and believes that by developing enduring relationships and by providing a ‘solutions’ approach to its customers, that it can continue to build on this success.
 
                   
Products/Services     Key Features/Benefits     Selected Applications     Customers
Very Low Data Rate:
                 
SAT202 &
TAM242
    Fourth-generation IsatM2M terminal, smaller, lighter, engineered in-house

Near global operation
    Tracking, M2M communications, fleet management, rapid alerting, ship ID and position     Maritime commercial and private trucking fleets, tuna fishing fleets, logistics security
“Osprey” Personnel
Tracking Terminal
    Cost effective messaging for small data payloads     Lone worker, Corporate Duty of Care, Personnel Security     NGO’s, Private Security Firms, Risk Management, Government, Military
Low Data Rate:
                 
Satellite Packet Data
Terminals
   
Iridium, Skyterra, and Inmarsat-based, two-way messaging, micro telemetry, geo fencing, security/panic alarm

Both regional and global services available
    Transportation, Public Safety, Workforce Automation, Oil and Gas Remote Monitoring and Control, Force Tracking     NGOs, Long-Haul Trucking Companies, NATO, EU, U.S. Department of Defense
Emergency
Management Products
    Hardware and software for search and rescue (SAR) systems     Rescue and Mission Control Centers     Over 18 Governments Worldwide
Services and Support
    24/7 global operations in 5 countries, lifecycle support maintenance, in-field subject-matter consulting expertise, network and airtime services            
                   
 
Additional information regarding our revenues, earnings and total assets for each of our reportable operating segments, and the revenues and assets for each major geographic area for 2010, 2009 and 2008, is included in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements included immediately following the signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Acquisitions Completed in 2009
 
Formation
 
We acquired Formation, Inc. (“Formation”) of Moorestown, NJ on January 9, 2009. At that time, Formation had approximately 110 employees. Formation designs and manufactures equipment and software products and provides related engineering services for the defense, aviation, data communications and transportation industries. Its products include rugged hard disks, advanced integrated recorders, avionics-class servers, and rugged wired and wireless networks. Formation’s fastest-growing products are its rugged servers and cabin Wireless Access Points (“WAP’s”), which enable aircraft broadband systems to extend connectivity to laptops and personal digital assistants (“PDA’s”). Formation’s equipment supports in-flight communications regardless of whether the connectivity is through terrestrial or satellite-based networks. Formation is an approved direct supplier to Airbus and also is a major supplier to Rockwell Collins, Aircell and Panasonic. Formation and
 
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other EMS businesses have common supplier relationships and complementary customer bases in the avionics, defense and transportation markets.
 
Acquiring Formation signaled our continued investment in its aero-connectivity strategy to become a more comprehensive solutions provider. Our goal is to meet the growing demand for aeronautical communications from airlines and business aircraft owners, as well as governments. With Formation, we cover the spectrum of aero-connectivity solutions, delivering the platforms and systems that airlines can use across multiple satellite platforms. Formation’s financial results, since its acquisition, are included in our Aviation segment.
 
Satamatics
 
We acquired Satamatics Global Limited (“Satamatics”) on February 13, 2009. At that time, Satamatics had approximately 50 employees. Satamatics is a global telematics company, providing customized, end-to-end tracking and monitoring solutions that will work anywhere in the world. Operating with Inmarsat’s IsatM2M satellite service, Satamatics enables land transport, security, maritime and oil and gas organizations to locate, track and communicate with mobile assets, to safeguard fleets, cargo and personnel, and to monitor fixed assets in the world’s most hostile and remote areas. Founded in 2001, Satamatics has an extensive worldwide distribution network of value-added resellers, but also supplies direct to end users complete tracking and monitoring solutions (equipment, airtime and mapping) for land transport, oil and gas, and maritime industries.
 
The Satamatics acquisition complements our existing Iridium- and Inmarsat-based tracking solutions. Acquiring Satamatics extended our satellite capabilities into the growing M2M market using low-cost satellite data terminals, and further strengthened EMS as a market leader in satellite-based applications for tracking people and assets worldwide. We anticipate significant synergies with our current satellite-based helicopter and military-vehicle tracking businesses. In particular, we expect promising growth for security and logistics applications in the road transport market, particularly in South America, Africa and the Middle East. Satamatics’ financial results, since its acquisition, are included in our Global Tracking segment.
 
With these acquisitions, we believe we have the capabilities to adapt products and technologies from one aero-connectivity application to another, enabling us to get to market faster and more profitably than companies entering the market today.
 
Acquisitions Completed in 2008
 
Akerstroms Trux
 
We acquired Akerstroms Trux AB (“Trux”) of Bjorbo, Sweden in February 2008. At that time, Trux had approximately 20 employees. Trux was an international company with focus on development, sales and marketing of robust and reliable vehicle-mount computing solutions for warehousing and production environments in the Nordic region. The acquisition of Trux brought us a new, market-ready Windows XP-based product line targeted at customers running advanced wireless applications in demanding warehousing and production environments. Since its acquisition, Trux’s product line, manufacturing process, employees and financial results have been integrated into our LXE operating segment.
 
Sky Connect
 
We acquired Sky Connect, LLC (“Sky Connect”) of Takoma Park, MD in August 2008. At that time, Sky Connect had approximately 20 employees. Sky Connect’s products offer a range of satellite-based tracking, text messaging, and telephone systems for airborne, ground-based, and marine applications in both the commercial and government markets. Sky Connect provides automated flight tracking with true worldwide coverage. Aircraft phone systems support headset interfaces plus corded or cordless handsets. Sky Connect uses the Iridium satellite network for complete earth coverage and mission effectiveness.
 
Sky Connect’s innovative and flexible offering provides 100 percent global coverage on the Iridium satellite network and continues to lead the industry in the development of integrated Machine-to-Machine (“M2M”)
 
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and voice applications. Iridium is the platform of choice for tracking of aviation, marine and land-mobile assets on the move, with over 50,000 M2M data units deployed.
 
Acquiring Sky Connect complemented our aero-connectivity strategy by adding Iridium hardware and a services business targeting the growing general aviation market. In addition, Sky Connect’s efforts with Qantas, Air New Zealand and El Al paralleled our similar expansion into the air transport market. Sky Connect’s financial results, since its acquisition, are included in our Aviation segment.
 
To further align the businesses within our Aviation segment, significant strides were made in 2010 to align and integrate the operations of our Formation, Sky Connect and Canadian-based aviation businesses. Sales efforts, manufacturing processes, and administrative support staff have been combined to leverage Aviation’s strengths and resources. As a result, at the end of 2010, we ceased operations at the Takoma Park, MD facility. In addition, as of 2011, we no longer consider Formation and Sky Connect as separate reporting units but instead consider the Aviation segment as the reporting unit for all of the segment’s assets.
 
Sales and Marketing
 
Aviation markets its products and services to a variety of customers including major airframe manufacturers, avionics original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”), aircraft operators and owners. It provides products and solutions through key integrators, a network of completion centers that install aeronautical products and value-added resellers.
 
Our D&S unit produces highly technical products that are often co-engineered with the customer. For these products, internal personnel with strong science and engineering backgrounds conduct significant sales efforts. D&S also utilizes independent marketing representatives, both in the U.S. and internationally, selected for their knowledge of local markets and their ability to provide technical support and on-going, direct contact with current and potential customers. The development of major business opportunities for D&S often involves significant bid-and-proposal effort. This work often requires complex pre-award engineering to determine the technical feasibility and cost-effectiveness of various design approaches.
 
The markets for space and defense electronics comprise a relatively small number of large customers, which are typically first or second-tier contractors. Our D&S marketing efforts rely on on-going communications with this base of potential customers, to determine customers’ future needs and to inform customers of our capabilities and recent developments. Technical support and service after the sale are also important factors that affect our ability to maintain strong relationships and generate additional sales.
 
LXE markets its products and services through distributors and integrators (such as value-added resellers who provide inventory management software) that incorporate their products and services with LXE’s for sale and delivery to end users. LXE also markets its products and services directly to end users through a direct sales force and through independent marketing representatives. The direct sales force is located in North America and in seven international subsidiaries (six in Europe), all assisted by inside sales and sales support staff.
 
Global Tracking markets its tracking products and services to three vertical markets — land tracking, security, and maritime and its customers include a broad range of corporate clients as well as national defense organizations, the United Nations and non-government organizations (“NGO’s”). Global Tracking markets its emergency management products directly to end-users in the military and government agencies.
 
Research, Development and Intellectual Property
 
We spent $21.0 million, $18.9 million and $20.1 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, on company-sponsored research and development. In addition, we are also reimbursed under government and commercial contracts for the development of new intellectual property that we own, which often leads to innovations that benefit us on future contracts and product development efforts; most of the costs for this work are included with the overall manufacturing costs for specific orders.
 
We use both patents and trade-secret procedures to protect our technology and product development efforts. With respect to patents, as of December 31, 2010, we owned 59 currently active U.S. patents, expiring 2011
 
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through 2027, and 33 foreign patents expiring 2012 through 2022. We do not expect that any impending patent expirations to have a material effect on our business. In addition, as of December 31, 2010, we had pending applications for approximately seven U.S. and 17 foreign patents, covering various technology improvements and other current or potential products. While we expect to continue to expand our patent activities, we also believe that many of our processes and much of our know-how are more efficiently and effectively protected as trade secrets, and we seek to maintain that protection through the use of employee and third-party non-disclosure agreements, physical controls and need-to-know restrictions.
 
In some cases, we rely on licenses from third parties under patent rights that could otherwise restrict our ability to market significant products. The principal instances of such licenses involve the integration of bar code scanners in certain LXE terminals under license from Motorola, and the development and sale of laser and imager-based products by LXE under license from Intermec Corporation (“Intermec”). In each case, the licenses are non-exclusive, and are noncancelable for the lives of the relevant patents except upon default by us.
 
Backlog
 
The backlog of firm orders related to continuing operations as of December 31, 2010, was $155.7 million, compared with $178.2 million as of December 31, 2009. We had $151.7 million of funded backlog and $4.0 million of unfunded backlog as of December 31, 2010, as compared with $155.7 million of funded backlog and $22.5 million of unfunded backlog as of December 31, 2009.
 
Backlog is very important for our D&S segment due to the long delivery cycles for its projects. The backlog for D&S as of December 31, 2010 was $73.1 million compared with $89.6 million as of December 31, 2009. Many customers of our LXE segment typically require short delivery cycles. As a result, LXE usually converts orders into revenues within a few weeks, and it generally does not build up a significant order backlog that extends substantially beyond one fiscal quarter except for annual or multi-year maintenance service agreements. Our Aviation and Global Tracking segments have projects with both short delivery cycles, and delivery cycles that extend beyond the next twelve months. Of the orders in backlog as of December 31, 2010, the following are expected to be filled in 2011: Aviation — 90%; LXE — 75%; D&S — 55%; and Global Tracking — 75%.
 
Manufacturing
 
We have manufacturing operations in four facilities; three in the U.S., and one in Canada. We manufacture certain of our products in our manufacturing facilities, and for others, we source components from foreign and domestic suppliers, and primarily perform final assembly and test functions. For our defense applications, we perform extensive manufacturing operations, including the production of advanced integrated electronic circuitry, the formulation and fabrication of unique ferrite-based ceramic materials, and precision machining. Our manufacturing strategy is:
 
  •     to perform those functions for which we have special capabilities and that are most critical to quality and timely performance;
 
  •     to equip ourselves with the modern tools we need to perform our manufacturing functions efficiently;
 
  •     to use outside sources for functions requiring special skills that we do not have, or that do not offer attractive potential returns, or to perform standard tasks at a competitive price leaving our internal resources to focus on providing quicker response for tasks that require special needs and skills; and
 
  •     to further improve the cost-effectiveness and time-to-market of our manufacturing operations.
 
All of our production activities have been ISO 9001:2000 certified, and are AS9100 certified where applicable. Our facilities, equipment and processes enable us to meet all quality and process requirements applicable to our products under demanding military and space hardware standards, and we are also certified by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and Transport Canada to manufacture equipment for installation on commercial aircraft.
 
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Materials
 
We believe we have adequate sources for the supply of raw materials and components for our manufacturing and service needs. Electronic components and other raw materials used in the manufacture of our products are generally available from several suppliers. However, LXE systems include barcode scanners in almost all orders, and a significant number of the scanners are purchased from an LXE competitor, Motorola. There are alternative suppliers that manufacture and sell barcode scanners, either independently or under license agreements with Motorola. We believe that many of LXE’s competitors also rely on scanning equipment purchased from or licensed by Motorola. In addition, LXE has a license agreement with Motorola that allows us to utilize Motorola’s patented integrated scanning technology in certain products.
 
Our advanced technology products often require sophisticated subsystems supplied or cooperatively developed by third parties having specialized expertise, production skills and economies of scale. Important examples include critical specialized components and subsystems required for successful completion of certain D&S programs, and application-specific integrated circuitry and computers incorporated into LXE products. In such cases, the performance, reliability and timely delivery of our products can be heavily dependent on the effectiveness of those third parties.
 
Materials used in D&S products consist of magnetic microwave ferrites, metals such as aluminum and brass, permanent magnet materials and electronic components. Most of the raw materials for the formulation of magnetic microwave ferrite materials are purchased from two suppliers, while permanent magnet materials and space-qualified electronic components are purchased from a limited number of suppliers. Other electronic components and metals are available from a larger number of suppliers and manufacturers.
 
We believe that the loss of any supplier or subassembly manufacturer would not have a material adverse effect on our business as a whole. Generally, shortages of supplies and delays in the receipt of necessary components have not had a material adverse effect on shipments of our established products, although in 2009 and 2010 we did encounter delays in supplies of certain component parts needed to fill pending orders at LXE. We believe this situation reflected temporary capacity reductions in response to the slow economy rather than longer-term capacity reductions. In addition, from time to time the rollout of new standard products and our performance on certain programs at our D&S and Aviation segments have been adversely affected by quality and scheduling problems with developers/suppliers of critical subsystems. In some cases, these problems have resulted in significant additional costs to us and in difficulties with our customers. Such problems could have a material adverse effect on us if they recur in the future.
 
Competition
 
We believe that each of our reportable segments is an important supplier in our principal markets. However, these markets are highly competitive, and some of our competitors have substantial resources that exceed ours. We also compete against smaller, specialized firms.
 
In Aviation’s markets, our competitors include Thrane & Thrane, Chelton, Ltd., Tecom, Qualcomm, and VP Miltope. D&S competes with specialized divisions of large U.S. industrial concerns, such as Boeing, Lockheed Martin, L3 Communications, DRS Technologies, Inc., Northrop Grumman, Harris Corporation and BAE, as well as with companies outside the U.S., such as COMDEV. LXE’s principal competitors include Intermec, Motorola, and Psion Teklogix. Global Tracking’s competitors include Skywave on Inmarsat based solutions, and Skybitz and Numerex on Iridium based solutions. Some of these companies, as well as others, are both potential competitors for certain contracts and potential customers on other contracts. In addition, D&S occasionally experiences competition from existing or potential customers when these customers choose to develop and manufacture products internally rather than purchasing them from us.
 
We believe that the key competitive factors in all of our reportable segments are product performance (including quality and reliability), technical expertise and on-going support to customers, time-to-market, time-to-ship and adherence to delivery schedules and price.
 
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Employees
 
As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately 1,160 employees. Approximately 62% of our personnel are directly involved in engineering or manufacturing activities. No employees are represented by a labor union. Management believes that our relationship with our employees is good.
 
Regulatory Matters
 
Certain of our products are subject to regulation by various agencies in the U.S. and abroad. Our airborne satellite communications products used in civil aviation applications are subject to continued compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Our airborne products sold in the U.S. are required to comply with Federal Aviation Administration regulations, and similar agencies in other countries in which those systems are sold that govern production and quality systems, airworthiness and installation approvals, repair procedures and continuing operational safety. Some of our products, such as radio frequency transmitters and receivers, must also comply with U.S. Federal Communications Commission regulations governing authorization and operational approval of telecommunications equipment.
 
Our products used in defense applications are subject to a variety of federal regulations. Our contract costs and accounting practices are audited periodically by the Defense Contract Audit Agency. Audits and investigations are conducted from time to time to determine if the performance and administration of our U.S. Government contracts are compliant with applicable contractual terms, including federal procurement regulations and statutes which include, in many cases, security requirements related to classified military programs.
 
Our products for use in defense applications and on satellites are subject to the U.S. State Department’s International Traffic in Arms Regulations, and as a result we must obtain licenses in order to export these products or to disclose their non-public design features to persons who are not citizens or permanent residents of the United States. We have trained internal personnel to monitor compliance, to educate our personnel on the restrictions and procedures and to process license applications. The licensing process occasionally prevents us from working with suppliers outside the U.S. on European or Asian space programs, and it also affects the extent to which we can involve our engineers from foreign locations on D&S programs, or use D&S engineers and capabilities to assist our non-U.S. operations on their products or programs.
 
Greenhouse gas emissions have increasingly become the subject of a large amount of international, national, regional, state and local attention. At this time, we do not believe that existing or pending climate change legislation, regulation, or international treaties or accords are reasonably likely to have a material effect in the foreseeable future on our business or markets that we serve, or on our results of operations, capital expenditures or financial position. However, the enactment of cap-and-trade proposals would likely increase the cost of energy, including purchases of electricity, and of certain raw materials that we use. In addition, future environmental regulatory developments related to climate change, whether pursuant to future treaty obligations or statutory or regulatory changes, are possible, and could increase our operating, manufacturing and delivery costs.
 
We believe that our products and business operations are in material compliance with current standards and regulations. However, governmental standards and regulations may affect the design, cost and schedule for new products. In addition, future regulatory changes could require modifications in order to continue to market certain of our products.
 
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
 
EMS Technologies, Inc. makes available free of charge, on or through its website at www.ems-t.com, its annual, quarterly and current reports, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained on our website is not part of this report.
 
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
 
Information concerning the executive officers of the Company is set forth below:
 
Neilson A. Mackay, age 69, became President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company in November 2009. He served as Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President from July 2008, and as Executive Vice President - Strategy from December 2007. From March 2007 until December 2007, he held the positions of Vice President - Corporate Development and President, and from 2001 to 2007, he served as Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s aviation business in Canada, formerly known as SATCOM. He joined the Company in January 1993, when the Company acquired an Ottawa, Ontario-based space satellite communications business of which he served as President.
 
Gary B. Shell, age 56, was appointed Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company in May 2008. He previously served as Vice President, Finance from November 2007 and as Vice President, Corporate Finance (2004-2007), and in those capacities was the Company’s chief accounting officer. He had served as Director, Corporate Finance from 1998 to 2004. He joined the Company in 1983 as Corporate Financial Analyst. Mr. Shell is a certified public accountant, having formerly served on the audit staff of KPMG LLP.
 
Timothy C. Reis, age 53, became Vice President and General Counsel of the Company in August 2005. He is responsible for the legal affairs of the Company and its operating subsidiaries. Mr. Reis first joined the Company in 2001 as Assistant General Counsel. Previously, he was engaged in the private practice of law with King & Spalding and as in-house counsel for United Parcel Service and for Manufacturers Hanover, a New York bank, focusing his practice on intellectual property and technology transactions.
 
Nils A. Helle, age 58, was appointed Vice President and Chief of Staff of the Company in September 2010. In this role, he oversees corporate development for EMS, which comprises of mergers, acquisitions and integration activities, strategic planning, corporate communications and information technology. From 2007 to 2010, Mr. Helle served as Vice President, Strategic Initiatives leading the business development and acquisitions efforts for the Company. He joined EMS’ Canadian-based aviation business in 2002 and until 2006 he served that business in various positions including Director of Programs and Director of Marketing. Prior to joining EMS, Mr. Helle was Vice President of Strategic Initiatives for Stratos Global, a leading global provider of Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) to aeronautical, maritime and remote land users.
 
David M. Sheffield, age 49, became Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company in August 2008. From 2005 until 2008, Mr. Sheffield served as Vice President, Finance and Accounting, for Allied Systems Holdings, Inc., a vehicle-hauling company providing a range of logistics and other support services to the automotive industry. From 2003 to 2005, he served as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer for Matria Healthcare, Inc. Mr. Sheffield, a certified public accountant, also held senior accounting and finance positions with Rubbermaid, Gulfstream Aerospace and Safety-Kleen, after beginning his career with Deloitte & Touche LLP.
 
Constandino Koutrouki, age 44, was appointed Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s EMS Global Resource Management business unit in February 2011, a newly formed group created to align the strengths of, and gain more strategic coordination between, our LXE and Global Tracking businesses. He joined EMS in February 2009 following the Company’s acquisition of Satamatics Global Limited, a global telematics solutions provider, and served as Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s Global Tracking segment. Mr. Koutrouki joined Satamatics as Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer in April 2006, and was named Chief Executive Officer in November 2007. Prior to joining Satamatics, he held various international management positions with Marconi Group’s telecom data networking equipment business, now a part of Ericsson.
 
Stephen M. Newell, age 43, became Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s LXE division in April 2009. He joined the Company’s Canadian-based aviation business in January 2003, and since then has been given assignments of increasing responsibilities, including appointment as Director, Military Aeronautical
 
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Sales in 2004, Vice President, Military Sales in May 2006, and Vice President, Sales from May 2006 to March 2007 for that business. Prior to joining EMS, Mr. Newell was Manager of Avionics Systems at AIRIA, Inc. from November 2000 to January 2003, where he was responsible for the development of the Company’s Inmarsat-based aeronautical television system.
 
John C. Jarrell, age 50, was appointed Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s Aviation segment in November 2010. From 2008 to 2010, Mr. Jarrell worked for Sensis Corporation, a world leader in aviation automation, where he served most recently as Vice President and General Manager of Air Traffic Systems and oversaw Sensis’ aviation business strategy. From 1998 to 2008, Mr. Jarrell held various positions at Societe Internationale De Telecommunications Aeronautiques (“SITA”), the world’s leading provider of air transport-focused applications, communications and information technology infrastructure. In his most recent position at SITA, he served as Senior Vice President, Airport & Desktop Services and Regional Customer Service and Operation.
 
Marion H. Van Fosson, age 52, became Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s D&S segment in August 2010. From 2008 until 2010, Mr. Van Fosson served as Vice President and General Manager of the Military Vehicle Systems business unit for BAE Systems, Inc., the U.S. subsidiary of BAE Systems plc, a world leader in the global defense market. From 2005 to 2008, he served as Director, Business Development of the Vehicle Systems business unit for BAE Systems, Inc. Prior to joining BAE, he held senior leadership positions of increasing responsibility with Northrop Grumman Corp.’s Electro-Optical Systems division (formerly Litton Electro-Optical Systems), most recently as the Present of that division. Mr. Van Fosson served 22 years in the U.S. Army, retiring as a Colonel.
 
Adoption of Shareholder Rights Plan
 
On July 27, 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan (the “Plan”) to replace a similar plan adopted in 1999 that expired on August 6, 2009. Under the Plan, a dividend distribution of one right for each of the Company’s outstanding common shares was made to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 7, 2009. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events, as set forth in the Plan, the rights would become exercisable. On January 4, 2011, the Board of Directors adopted an amendment to the Plan, which eliminated the concept of “disinterested directors” and related provisions effective January 4, 2011. Under the original Plan, any person affiliated or associated with a person or group who beneficially owns more than 20% of our outstanding shares would not qualify as a disinterested director. The original Plan required the consent of a majority of these disinterested directors to take significant actions under the Plan, including the amendment of the Plan or the redemption of the Rights under the Plan prior to specified triggering events. The amended Plan also includes other conforming changes consistent with the removal of the concept of disinterested directors.
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors
 
Our business is subject to certain risks, including the risks described below. This Item 1A does not describe all risks applicable to our business and is intended only as a summary of the most significant factors that affect our operations and the industries in which we operate. More detailed information concerning these and other risks is contained in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described below, as well as the other risks that are generally set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and other risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Readers of this Annual Report on Form 10-K should take such risks into account in evaluating any investment decision involving our common stock. At any point, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and investors could lose all or a portion of their investment.
 
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Risks Related to Our Operations
 
In addition to general economic conditions, both domestic and foreign, which can change unexpectedly and generally affect U.S. businesses with worldwide operations, we are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that are specific to us or the businesses we operate:
 
Decisions by our customers about the timing and scope of capital spending, particularly on major programs, can have a significant effect on our net sales and earnings.
 
Each of our businesses is dependent on our customers’ capital spending decisions, which are affected by numerous factors, such as general economic conditions, end-user demand for their particular products, capital availability, and comparative anticipated returns on their capital investments. In addition, large defense programs are an important source of our current and anticipated future net sales, especially in D&S. Customer decisions as to the nature and timing of their capital spending, and developments affecting these large defense programs, can have a significant effect on us. Our net sales and earnings would decline in the event of general reductions in capital spending by our customers, or delay in the implementation of, or significant reduction in the scope of, any of the current or major anticipated programs in which we participate.
 
Unfavorable economic or financial market conditions or other developments may affect the fair value of one or more of our business units and increase the potential for additional asset impairment charges that could adversely affect our earnings.
 
As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately $60.5 million of goodwill and $41.3 million of other intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet, collectively representing approximately 27% of our total assets. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of the year. We are also required to test goodwill and other long-lived assets on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change which indicate that an asset might be impaired. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include a sustained, significant decline in our share price and market capitalization, a decline in expected future cash flows for one or more of our business units, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, unanticipated competition and/or slower-than-expected growth rates, among others. Our tests in the fourth quarter of 2010 did not indicate an impairment. However, the estimated fair value of our Formation reporting unit did not exceed the carrying amount by a significant amount. If we are required to recognize an impairment loss in the future related to goodwill or long-lived assets, the related charge, although a noncash charge, could materially reduce reported earnings or result in a loss from continuing operations for the period in which the impairment loss is recognized.
 
If our commercial customers fail to find adequate funding for major potential programs, or our government customers do not receive necessary funding approvals, our net sales would decline.
 
To proceed with major programs, such as upgrades for satellite data-communications systems, our customers typically must obtain substantial amounts of capital, from either governmental or private sources. The availability of this capital is directly affected not only by general economic conditions, but also by political developments and by conditions in the private capital markets, which at times in recent years have been very unstable. If adequate funds are not available to our targeted customers for these programs, our expected net sales may be adversely affected. Large defense programs are often funded in multiple phases, requiring periodic further funding approvals, which may be withheld for a variety of political, budgetary or technical reasons, including the effects of defense budget pressures on near-term spending priorities. Such multi-year programs can also be terminated or modified by the government in ways adverse to us and, in many cases, with limited notice and without penalty. These developments would reduce our net sales below the levels we would otherwise expect.
 
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We may encounter technical problems or contractual uncertainties, which can cause delays, added costs, lost sales and liability to customers.
 
From time to time we have encountered technical difficulties that have caused delays and additional costs in our technology development efforts. We are particularly exposed to this risk in new product development efforts and in fixed-price contracts on technically advanced programs at D&S and Aviation that require novel approaches and solutions. In these cases, the additional costs that we incur may not be covered by revenue commitments from our customers, and therefore reduce our earnings. In addition, technical difficulties can cause us to miss expected delivery dates for new product offerings, which could cause customer orders to fall short of expectations.
 
Some of our products perform mission-critical functions in space applications. If we experience technical problems and are unable to adhere to a customer’s schedule, the customer could experience costly launch delays or re-procurements from other vendors. The customer may then be contractually entitled to substantial financial damages from us. The customer would also be entitled to cancel future deliveries, which would reduce our future revenues and could make it impossible for us to recover our design, tooling or inventory costs, or our remaining commitments to third-party suppliers.
 
Due to technological uncertainties in new or unproven applications of technology, our contracts may be broadly defined in their early stages, with a structure to accommodate future changes in the scope of work or contract value as technical development progresses. In such cases, management must evaluate these contract uncertainties and estimate the future expected levels of scope of work and likely contract-value changes to determine the appropriate level of revenue associated with costs incurred. Actual changes may vary from expected changes, resulting in a reduction of net sales and earnings recognized in future periods.
 
Our products are subject to a variety of certification requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), including stringent standards for performance, reliability and manufacturing processes. Our failure to meet any of these standards, which may involve complex testing and technical issues, could limit our ability to market these products and thereby reduce our sales and earnings. Our sales and earnings may also be adversely affected by the costs and delays associated with meeting these standards and obtaining the required certifications.
 
Products that we sell for installation on aircraft must receive approvals and certifications from the FAA, and generally must be produced in facilities that are themselves FAA-certified. In addition, many of the products we sell require FCC approval or certification before our customers are permitted to use them. The applicable standards are rigorous, can be costly to meet, and must be met on a continuing basis. The approval and certification standards for our aviation products require that we meet standards for performance and reliability, as well as for the appropriateness of products for particular aircraft types, and our facilities must meet standards for consistent and reliable production processes. FCC certification of our products requires that we demonstrate technical performance in accordance with certain required RF characteristics. We have generally been successful in obtaining required product approvals and certifications, and the facilities in which we produce aviation products currently hold all required certifications. However, in the past we have addressed, or we currently are addressing, technical issues raised by the FAA and the FCC with respect to certain products, and such technical issues or changes in applicable standards could affect any of these certifications, or cause us to incur significant expense or delays in marketing our products.
 
If we cannot continue to rapidly develop, manufacture and market innovative products and services that meet customer requirements for performance and reliability, we may incur development costs that we cannot recover and our net sales and earnings will suffer.
 
The process of developing new wireless communications products is complex and uncertain, and failure to anticipate customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends accurately, or to develop or obtain appropriate intellectual property, could significantly harm our results of operations. In many instances we must
 
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make long-term investments and commit significant resources before knowing whether our investments will eventually result in products that the market will accept. If our new products are not accepted by the market, our net sales and earnings will decline.
 
Competing technology could be superior to ours, and could cause customer orders and net sales to decline.
 
The markets in which we compete are very sensitive to technological advances. As a result, technological developments by competitors can cause our products to be less desirable to customers, or even to become obsolete. Those developments could cause our customer orders and net sales to decline.
 
Our competitors’ marketing and pricing strategies could make their products more attractive than ours. This could cause reductions in customer orders or our profits.
 
We operate in highly competitive technology markets, and some of our competitors have substantially greater resources and facilities than we do. As a result, our competition may be able to pursue aggressive marketing strategies, such as significant price discounting. These competitive activities could cause our customers to purchase our competitors’ products rather than ours, or cause us to increase marketing expenditures or reduce prices, in any such case, causing a reduction of net sales and earnings below expected levels.
 
Our transitions to new product offerings can be costly and disruptive, and could adversely affect our net sales or profitability.
 
Because our businesses involve constant efforts to improve existing technology, we regularly introduce new generations of products. During these transitions, customers may reduce purchases of older equipment more rapidly than we expect, or may choose not to migrate to our new products, which could result in lower net sales and excessive inventories. In addition, product transitions create uncertainty about both production costs and customer acceptance. These potential problems are generally more severe if our product introduction schedule is delayed by technical development issues. These problems could cause our net sales or profitability to be less than expected.
 
Our products may inadvertently infringe third-party patents, which could create substantial liability to our customers or the third-party patent owners.
 
As we regularly develop and introduce new technology, we face risks that our new products or manufacturing techniques may infringe valid patents held, or currently being processed, by others. The earliest that the U.S. Patent Office publishes patents is 18 months after their initial filing, and exceptions exist so that some applications are not published before they issue as patents. Thus, we may be unaware of a pending patent until well after we have introduced an infringing product. In addition, questions of whether a particular product infringes a particular patent can involve significant uncertainty. As a result of these factors, third-party patents may require us to redesign our products and to incur both added expense and delays that interfere with marketing plans. We may also be required to make significant expenditures from time to time to defend or pay damages or royalties on infringement claims, or to respond to customer indemnification claims relating to third-party patents. Such costs could reduce our earnings.
 
We may not be successful in protecting our intellectual property.
 
Our unique intellectual property is a critical resource in our efforts to produce and market technically advanced products. We primarily seek to protect our intellectual property, including product designs and manufacturing processes, through patents and as trade secrets. If we are unable to obtain enforceable patents on certain technologies, or if information we protect as trade secrets becomes known to our competitors, then competitors may be able to copy or otherwise appropriate our technology, we would lose competitive advantages, and our net sales and operating income could decline. In any event, litigation to enforce our
 
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intellectual property rights could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources that could have a material adverse effect on our operations regardless of the outcome of the litigation. We may also enter into transactions in countries where intellectual property laws are not well developed and legal protection of our rights may be ineffective.
 
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain a highly skilled workforce.
 
Because our products and programs are technically sophisticated, we must attract and retain employees with advanced technical and program-management skills. Many of our senior management personnel also possess advanced knowledge of the business in which we operate and are otherwise important to our success. Other employers also often recruit persons with these skills, both generally and in focused engineering fields. If we are unable to attract and retain skilled employees and senior management, our performance obligations to our customers could be affected and our net sales could decline.
 
We depend on highly skilled suppliers, who may become unavailable or fail to achieve desired levels of technical performance.
 
In addition to our requirements for basic materials and electronic components, our advanced technological products often require sophisticated subsystems supplied or cooperatively developed by third parties. To meet those requirements, our suppliers must have specialized expertise, production skills and economies of scale, and in some cases there are only a limited number of qualified potential suppliers. Our ability to perform according to customer contract requirements, or to introduce new products on the desired schedule, can be heavily dependent on our ability to identify and engage appropriate suppliers, and on the effectiveness of those suppliers in meeting our development and delivery objectives. If these highly skilled suppliers are unavailable when needed, or fail to perform as expected, our ability to meet our performance obligations to our customers could be affected and our net sales and earnings could decline.
 
Changes in regulations that limit the availability of licenses or otherwise result in increased expenses could cause our net sales or earnings to decline.
 
Many of our products are incorporated into wireless communications systems that are regulated in the U.S. by the Federal Communications Commission and internationally by other government agencies. Changes in government regulations could reduce the growth potential of our markets by limiting either the access to or availability of frequency spectrum. In addition, other changes in government regulations could make the competitive environment more difficult by increasing costs or inhibiting our customers’ efforts to develop or introduce new technologies and products. Also, changes in government regulations could substantially increase the difficulty and cost of compliance with government regulations for both our customers and us. All of these factors could result in reductions in our net sales and earnings.
 
Additional environmental regulation could increase costs and adversely affect our future earnings.
 
Greenhouse gas emissions have increasingly become the subject of a large amount of international, national, regional, state and local attention. Any enactment of cap-and-trade proposals would likely increase the cost of energy, including purchases of electricity, and of certain raw materials used by us. In addition, future environmental regulatory developments related to climate change, whether pursuant to future treaty obligations or statutory or regulatory changes, are possible, and could increase our operating, manufacturing and delivery costs.
 
The export license process for space products is uncertain, increasing the chance that we may not obtain required export licenses in a timely or cost-effective manner.
 
Our products for use on commercial satellites are included on the U.S. Munitions List of the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations and are subject to U.S. State Department licensing requirements. The licensing
 
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process for our products for use on commercial satellite and many of our other products is time-consuming, and political considerations can increase the time and difficulty of obtaining licenses for export of technically advanced products. The license process may prevent particular sales, and generally has created schedule uncertainties that encourage foreign customers, such as those in Western Europe, to develop internal or other foreign sources rather than use U.S. suppliers. If we are unable to obtain required export licenses when we expect them or at the costs we expect, our net sales and earnings could be adversely affected.
 
Export controls on space technology restrict our ability to hold technical discussions with foreign customers, suppliers and internal engineering resources, which reduces our ability to obtain sales from foreign customers or to perform contracts with the desired level of efficiency or profitability.
 
U.S. export controls severely limit unlicensed technical discussions with any persons who are not U.S. citizens or permanent residents. As a result, we are restricted in our ability to hold technical discussions between U.S. personnel and current or prospective customers or suppliers outside the U.S., between Canadian personnel and current or prospective U.S. customers or suppliers, and between U.S. employees and our other employees outside the U.S. These restrictions reduce our ability to win cross-border space work, to utilize cross-border supply sources, and to deploy technical expertise in the most effective manner.
 
Economic or political conditions in other countries could cause our net sales or earnings to decline.
 
International sales significantly affect our financial performance. Approximately $111.9 million, $107.2 million and $132.5 million, or 31.5%, 29.8% and 39.6% of our net sales for 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively, were derived from customers residing outside of the U.S. Adverse economic conditions in our customers’ countries, mainly in Western Europe, Latin America and the Pacific Rim, have affected us in the past, and could adversely affect future international revenues in all of our businesses, especially LXE. Unfavorable currency exchange rate movements can adversely affect the marketability of our products by increasing the local-currency cost. In addition to these economic factors directly related to our markets, there are risks and uncertainties inherent in doing business internationally that could have an adverse effect on us, such as potential adverse effects of political instability or changes in governments, changes in foreign income tax laws, and restrictions on funds transfers by us or our customers, as well as unfavorable changes in laws and regulations governing a broad range of business concerns, including proprietary rights, legal liability, and employee relations. All of these factors could cause significant harm to our net sales or earnings.
 
Unfavorable currency exchange rate movements could result in foreign exchange losses and cause our earnings to decline.
 
We have international operations, and we use forward currency contracts to reduce the earnings risk from holding certain assets and liabilities denominated in different currencies, but we cannot entirely eliminate those risks. In addition, our Canada-based business derives a major portion of its sales from agreements in U.S. dollars; but its costs are predominately in Canadian dollars; as a result, a stronger Canadian dollar would increase our costs relative to our U.S. net sales, and we are unlikely to recover these increased costs through higher U.S. dollar prices due to competitive conditions. For our LXE segment’s international subsidiaries, most trade payables are in U.S. dollars and relate to their purchases of equipment from LXE’s U.S. operations for sale in Europe; when the U.S. dollar weakens against the Euro or other international currencies, the value of the LXE subsidiaries’ trade payable decreases in the local currency and foreign exchange gains result. When the dollar strengthens, the opposite effects occur on the trade receivables and on the trade payables and foreign exchange gains and losses result. As a result of these factors, our financial results will continue to have an element of risk related to foreign currency exchange rates.
 
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Our net sales in certain markets depend on the availability and performance of other companies with which we have marketing relationships.
 
With respect to some applications, including mobile satellite communications, we seek to develop marketing relationships with other companies that have superior direct customer access from advantages such as specialized software and established customer service systems. For example, the marketing of our line of high-speed commercial airline communications products is dependent on the success of our direct customers in the sale of our products as a complementary offering with their own lines of avionics products. In other markets, such as wireless local-area networks, a major element of our distribution channels is a network of value-added retailers and independent distributors. In foreign markets for many of our products, we are often dependent on successful working relationships with local distributors and other business personnel. If we are unable to identify and structure effective relationships with other companies that are able to market our products, our net sales could fail to grow in the ways we expect.
 
Customer orders in backlog may not result in sales.
 
Our order backlog represents firm orders for products and services. However, our customers may cancel or defer orders for products and services, in most cases without penalty. Cancellation or deferral of an order in our D&S segment typically involves penalties and termination charges for costs incurred to date, but these termination penalties would still be considerably less than what we would have expected to earn if the order could have been completed. We make management decisions based on our backlog, including hiring of personnel, purchasing of materials, and other matters that may increase our production capabilities and costs whether or not the backlog is converted into revenue. Cancellations, delays or reductions of orders could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
 
We are exposed to the credit risk of some of our customers and to credit exposures in weakened markets, which could cause our earnings to decline.
 
Most of our sales are on an open credit basis, with typical payment terms of up to 60 days in the U.S. and, because of local customs or conditions, longer in some markets outside the U.S. In the past, certain of our customers have experienced credit problems, up to and including bankruptcy. Future losses, if incurred, could harm our business and have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, to the degree that conditions in the credit markets make it more difficult for some customers to obtain financing, our customers’ ability to pay could be adversely impacted, which in turn could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
 
Our products typically carry warranties, and the costs to us to repair or replace defective products could exceed the amounts we have experienced historically.
 
Most of our products carry basic warranties of between one and five years, depending on the type of product. For certain products, customers can purchase warranty coverage for specified additional periods. If our products are returned for repair or replacement under warranty or otherwise under circumstances in which we assume responsibility, particularly if at a higher rate than we expect based on historical experience, we can incur significant costs that may be in excess of the allowances that we have established based on our historical warranty cost levels, which would reduce our earnings.
 
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Our business could be negatively affected as a result of a proxy contest.
 
MMI Investments, L.P. and certain of its affiliates have begun a proxy contest relating to our 2011 annual meeting of shareholders, and they have nominated their own slate of four nominees for election to our board of directors. If the proxy contest continues, our business could be adversely affected because:
 
  •     responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist shareholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the attention of management and our employees;
 
  •     perceived uncertainties as to our future direction may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners; and
 
  •     the election to our board of directors of individuals with a specific agenda may adversely affect our ability to effectively and timely implement our strategic plan and create additional value for our shareholders.
 
Changes in our consolidated effective income tax rate and the related effect on our results can be difficult to predict.
 
We earn taxable income in various tax jurisdictions around the world. The rates of income tax that we pay can vary significantly by jurisdiction, due to differing income tax rates and benefits that may be available in some jurisdictions and not in others. In particular, our earnings in Canada are subject to very low income taxes due to research-related tax incentives. As a result, our overall effective income tax rate depends upon the relative annual income that we earn in each of the tax jurisdictions where we do business, and the rate reported in our quarterly financial results depends on our expectations for such relative earnings for the balance of the year. Thus, even though our actual or expected consolidated earnings before taxes could remain unchanged, our income tax expenses and net earnings may still increase or decrease, depending upon changes in the jurisdictions in which we have generated or expect to generate those earnings. Additionally, changes in judgment regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets can also affect our income tax expense.
 
We may not effectively manage possible future growth, which could result in reduced earnings.
 
Historically, we have experienced broad fluctuations in demand for our products and services. These changes in demand have depended on many factors and have been difficult to predict. In recent years, there has also been an increasing complexity in the technologies and applications in certain of our businesses. These changes in our businesses place significant demands on both our management personnel and our management systems for information, planning and control. If we are to achieve further strong growth on a profitable basis, our management must identify and exploit potential market opportunities for our products and technologies, while continuing to manage our current businesses effectively. Furthermore, our management systems must support the changes to our operations resulting from our business growth. If our management and management systems fail to meet these challenges, our business and prospects will be adversely affected.
 
We may make acquisitions and investments that could adversely affect our earnings or otherwise fail to perform as expected.
 
To support growth, we have made and may continue to make acquisitions of and investments in businesses, products and technologies that could complement or expand our businesses. However, if we should be unable to successfully negotiate with a potential acquisition candidate, finance the acquisition, or effectively integrate the acquired businesses, products or technologies into our existing business and products, our net sales and earnings could be adversely affected. Furthermore, to complete future acquisitions, we may issue equity securities, incur debt, assume contingent liabilities or the risk of unknown liabilities, or we may incur amortization expenses or write-downs of acquired assets as a result of future acquisitions, all of which could
 
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cause our earnings or earnings per share to decline. We also may acquire businesses that do not perform as we expect, are subject to undisclosed or unanticipated liabilities, or are otherwise dilutive to our earnings.
 
Risks Related to our Common Stock
 
In addition to risks and uncertainties related to our operations, there are investment risks that could adversely affect the return to an investor in our common stock and could adversely affect our ability to raise capital for financing future operations.
 
Our operating results are volatile and difficult to predict. If our quarterly or annual operating results fall short of market expectations, or our guidance, the market value of our shares is likely to decline.
 
The quarterly net sales and earnings contributions of some of our segments are heavily dependent on customer orders or product shipments in the final weeks or days of the quarter. Due to some of the risks related to our business discussed above, it can be difficult for us to predict the timing of receipt of major customer orders, and we are unable to control timing decisions made by our customers. As a result, our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict even in the near term and a delay in an anticipated sale past the end of a particular quarter may negatively impact our results of operations for that quarter, or in some cases, that year. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts or below any guidance we may provide to the market the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could also occur when we have met our publicly stated revenue and/or earnings guidance.
 
Our share price may fluctuate significantly, and an investor may not be able to sell our shares at a price that would yield a favorable return on investment.
 
The market price of our stock will fluctuate in the future, and such fluctuations could be substantial. Price fluctuations may occur in response to a variety of factors, including:
 
  •     actual or anticipated operating results;
 
  •     the limited average trading volume and public float for our stock, which means that orders from a relatively few investors can significantly impact the price of our stock, independently of our operating results,
 
  •     announcements of technological innovations, new products or new contracts by us, our customers, our competitors or our customers’ competitors;
 
  •     government regulatory action;
 
  •     developments with respect to wireless and satellite communications; and
 
  •     general market conditions.
 
In addition, the stock market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices for the stocks of technology companies, and that have been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies.
 
Future sales of our common stock may cause our stock price to decline.
 
Our outstanding shares are freely tradable without restriction or further registration, and shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options will also be freely tradable upon issuance, in each case unless held by affiliates. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock by our shareholders, including those who have acquired a significant number of shares in connection with business acquisitions or private investments, or even the potential for such sales, may depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of our equity securities.
 
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Provisions in our governing documents and law could prevent or delay a change of control not supported by our Board of Directors.
 
Our shareholder rights plan and provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and amended bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us. These documents include provisions that:
 
  •     allow our shareholders the right to acquire common stock from us at discounted prices in the event a person acquires 20% or more of our common stock, or announces an attempt to do so, without our Board of Directors’ prior consent;
 
  •     authorize the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock by our Board of Directors without shareholder approval, which stock could have terms that could discourage or thwart a takeover attempt;
 
  •     limit who may call a special meeting of shareholders;
 
  •     require unanimous written consent for shareholder action without a meeting;
 
  •     establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at shareholder meetings;
 
  •     adopt the fair price requirements and rules regarding business combinations with interested shareholders set forth in Article 11, Parts 2 and 3 of the Georgia Business Corporation Code; and
 
  •     require approval by the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding common stock to amend any of the foregoing provisions.
 
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments
 
None.
 
Item 2.  Properties
 
Our corporate headquarters, and D&S’s and LXE’s domestic operations, are located in four buildings, three of which we own comprising approximately 290,000 square feet of floor space on 21 acres, as well as one that is leased totaling approximately 30,000 square feet (lease expires in 2015), all located in a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia. These facilities include drafting and design facilities, engineering laboratories, assembly and test areas, materials storage and control areas, and offices.
 
We lease approximately 160,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space for our Aviation segment, with the majority located in Ottawa, Ontario (lease to expire in 2017), with other facilities located in Moorestown, NJ (lease to expire in 2013), and Tewkesbury, UK (lease to expire in 2012). At the end of 2010, we transferred the operations from our facility in Takoma Park, MD (lease to expire in 2011) to our facility in Moorestown, NJ.
 
We lease several small sites in the U.S., Europe, Singapore, the UAE, and China for LXE sales offices. If any of these leases are terminated, we believe we could arrange for comparable replacement facilities on similar terms.
 
Item 3.  Legal Proceedings
 
We are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Item 4.  [Reserved]
 
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PART II
 
Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
The common stock of EMS Technologies, Inc. is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (symbol ELMG). At March 7, 2011, there were approximately 420 shareholders of record; however, we believe that there were approximately 2,200 beneficial shareholders, based upon broker requests for distribution of Annual Meeting materials. The price range of the stock is shown below:
 
                                 
    2010 Price Range   2009 Price Range
    High   Low   High   Low
 
First Quarter
  $ 16.82       12.42     $ 26.48       17.07  
Second Quarter
    17.70       13.78       21.45       16.93  
Third Quarter
    19.11       14.24       23.17       17.55  
Fourth Quarter
    20.51       16.81       20.37       12.00  
 
We have never paid a cash dividend with respect to shares of our common stock, and have retained our earnings to provide cash for the operation and expansion of our business. We cannot currently declare or make any cash dividends without the consent of the lenders in our revolving credit agreement. Future dividends, if any, will be determined by the Board of Directors in light of the circumstances then existing, including our earnings and financial requirements and general business conditions.
 
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SHAREHOLDER RETURN
 
The following performance graph and supporting data were not filed as part of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. However, this information is furnished as part of the Company’s 2010 Annual Report to Shareholders to comply with the requirements of Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K.
 
The annual changes for the five-year period shown in the graph are based on the assumption that $100 had been invested in the common stock of EMS Technologies, Inc. and each index on December 31, 2005.
 
(PERFORMANCE GRAPH)
 
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Item 6.  Selected Financial Data
 
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data with respect to our operations. The data should be read in conjunction with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which appear immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The statement of operations data for each of the five years ended December 31, 2010, and the related balance sheet data have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements (in thousands, except per share data).
 
                                         
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008     2007     2006  
 
Net sales
  $     355,225       359,972       335,045       287,879       261,119  
Cost of sales
    225,706       242,080       213,885       175,278       164,611  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    90,080       86,481       81,426       74,561       66,335  
Research and development expenses
    20,970       18,947       20,110       18,773       15,816  
Impairment loss on goodwill and related charges
    384       19,891       -       -       -  
Acquistion-related items
    563       7,206       -       -       -  
                                         
Operating income (loss)
    17,522       (14,633 )     19,624       19,267       14,357  
Interest income
    498       207       2,430       5,403       2,254  
Interest expense
    (1,904 )     (2,181 )     (1,679 )     (1,953 )     (1,921 )
Foreign exchange loss, net
    (192 )     (808 )     (586 )     (1,390 )     (710 )
                                         
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    15,924       (17,415 )     19,789       21,327       13,980  
Income tax (expense) benefit
    (1,859 )     4,266       682       (2,080 )     1,823  
                                         
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations
    14,065       (13,149 )     20,471       19,247       15,803  
Discontinued operations:
                                       
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes
    -       (10,917 )     -       (585 )     24,427  
Income tax benefit (expense)
    -       4,001       -       82       (7,222 )
                                         
(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations
    -       (6,916 )     -       (503 )     17,205  
                                         
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 14,065       (20,065 )     20,471       18,744       33,008  
                                         
Net earnings (loss) per share:
                                       
Basic:
                                       
From continuing operations
  $ 0.93       (0.87 )     1.32       1.25       1.08  
From discontinued operations
    -       (0.45 )     -       (0.03 )     1.18  
                                         
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 0.93       (1.32 )     1.32       1.22       2.26  
                                         
Diluted:
                                       
From continuing operations
  $ 0.92       (0.87 )     1.31       1.24       1.08  
From discontinued operations
    -       (0.45 )     -       (0.03 )     1.17  
                                         
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 0.92       (1.32 )     1.31       1.21       2.25  
                                         
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
                                       
Basic
    15,191       15,169       15,452       15,354       14,621  
Diluted
    15,250       15,169       15,628       15,482       14,679  
    
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009     2008     2007     2006  
 
Working capital related to continuing operations
  $ 125,531       98,147       165,419       198,491       176,570  
Total assets
    372,944       374,145       327,365       323,800       291,684  
Long-term debt, including current installments
    28,972       27,750       10,552       13,720       14,857  
Shareholders’ equity
    257,020       237,091       242,742       247,126       213,083  
 
No cash dividends have been declared or paid during any of the periods presented.
 
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
We have included forward-looking statements in management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in this report that address activities, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will or may occur in the future, or that necessarily depend upon future events, including such matters as our expectations with respect to future financial performance, future capital expenditures, business strategy, competitive strengths, goals, expansion, market and industry developments and the growth of our businesses and operations, are forward-looking statements.
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those addressed at the end of this item and those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The historical results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future results.
 
Overview
 
We are a leading provider of wireless connectivity solutions over satellite and terrestrial networks. We keep people and systems connected wherever they are — on land, at sea, in the air or in space. Serving two broad markets, AeroConnectivity and Global Resource Management, our products and services enable universal mobility, visibility and intelligence. In 2009, our continuing operations included three reportable operating segments, Communications & Tracking, LXE and Defense & Space. In 2010, we realigned our business segments for strategic growth and replaced Communications & Tracking with two new segments, Aviation and Global Tracking. The following is a summary of our reportable operating segments for 2010:
 
  •   Aviation – Includes the aviation business in Canada, and the Sky Connect and Formation businesses, which were acquired in August 2008 and January 2009, respectively. Aviation serves the AeroConnectivity market. It designs and develops satellite-based communications solutions through a broad array of terminals and antennas for the aeronautical market that enable end-users in aircraft to communicate over satellite and air-to-ground links. This segment also builds in-cabin connection devices and computers to process data on board aircraft, including rugged data storage, airborne connectivity, air-to-ground connectivity, and data recording and replay;
 
  •   Defense & Space (“D&S”) – Supplies highly engineered subsystems for defense electronics and sophisticated satellite applications to the AeroConnectivity market. D&S’ products, applications and services support four major areas — Space, RADAR, Satellite Communications (“Satcom”) and Datalinks which provide military communications, surveillance, electronic warfare, and countermeasures, as well as commercial communications technologies and subsystems in support of high-definition television, satellite radio, and live TV for innovative airlines;
 
  •   LXE – Provides rugged mobile terminals and wireless data networks used for logistics applications such as distribution centers, warehouses and container ports. LXE serves the Global Resource Management broad market, and operates mainly in three target markets: the Americas market, which is comprised of North, South and Central America; and the International market, which is comprised of all other geographic areas, with the highest concentration in Europe; and direct sales to original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”); and
 
  •   Global Tracking – Includes the asset tracking and emergency management operations of our Aviation business in Canada, and the Satamatics business, which was acquired in February 2009. Global Tracking serves the Global Resource Management market and provides satellite-based machine-to-machine mobile communications equipment and services to track, monitor and control remote, mobile
 
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  and fixed assets. Additionally, Global Tracking provides equipment for the Cospas-Sarsat search and rescue system and incident management software for rescue coordination worldwide.
 
In February 2011, we formed EMS Global Resource Management, which is a combination of the LXE and Global Tracking segments. We have also begun the alignment of Aviation and D&S as the AeroConnectivity group. We have included the sales, cost of sales percentages, operating income and Adjusted EBITDA for these two groups in the section entitled “Supplemental Information” following the segment analysis below.
 
We sell LXE and the majority of Global Tracking and Aviation products for commercial applications. Aviation and Global Tracking also sell products for military applications. We sell D&S products primarily for defense and space applications. Sales of products for U.S. government end-use comprised 23.7%, 29.7% and 26.3% of our net sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
Our sales to customers in the U.S. accounted for 68.5%, 70.3% and 60.4% of our consolidated net sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The remainder of our sales were to customers in markets outside of the U.S. Net sales from our markets outside the U.S. have generally increased when the Euro and other local functional currencies have increased in value as compared with the U.S. dollar.
 
Financial and Performance Highlights of 2010
 
Following is a summary of significant factors affecting our business in 2010:
 
  •   Consolidated net sales reached $355.2 million in 2010 and though down slightly from 2009 were the Company’s second highest level in its history. The recovery in the North American markets fueled the resurgence of LXE’s logistic business in 2010, which recorded a $31.8 million increase (nearly 30%) in net sales compared with 2009. Net sales from our Global Tracking business were also higher, but to a lesser extent. These increases were offset by lower net sales at D&S and Aviation. The lower net sales at D&S were primarily a result of a significant military research project that was concluded in 2009 and, therefore, did not contribute to net sales in 2010. Aviation’s lower net sales reflect the effects of the global economic slow-down on the markets served by that segment. Aviation’s markets were slower to feel the effects of the recession and have been slower to recover.
 
  •   Operating income from continuing operations was $17.5 million in 2010, with positive operating profits contributed by each of our four operating segments. LXE returned to profitability in 2010 mainly due to a higher volume of product shipments to the North American markets in 2010. 2009 included a large goodwill impairment charge and higher acquisition costs than 2010. Management’s cost reduction efforts in 2010 and in previous years also led to higher profitability in 2010 compared with the previous year. Improved margin contribution on the same level of net sales as 2009, and controlled spending on selling, marketing and administrative expenses also allowed for a higher level of investment in research and development efforts than in previous years.
 
  •   Certain of our markets continue to see the unfavorable impact of the economy and they are not immune to increasing pressures and risks. We expect that we will continue to be faced with these economic pressures through 2011. The economy and other factors could cause a decline in expected future cash flows for one or more of our business units and it is reasonably possible that we may be required to recognize impairment losses related to goodwill or other long-lived assets.
 
Description of Net Sales, Costs and Expenses
 
Net sales
 
The amount of net sales is generally the most significant factor affecting our operating income in a period. We recognize product-related sales under most of our customer agreements when we ship completed units or complete the installation of our products. If multiple deliverables are involved in a revenue arrangement, or if
 
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software included in an offering is more than incidental to a product as a whole, we recognize revenue in accordance with ASC Subtopic 605-25, Revenue Recognition-Multiple-Element Arrangements, or ASC Subtopic 985-605, Software-Revenue Recognition, as applicable. If the customer agreement is in the form of a long-term development and production contract, we generally recognize revenue under the percentage-of-completion method, using the ratio of cost-incurred-to-date to total-estimated-cost-at-completion as the measure of performance. Estimated cost-at-completion for each of these contracts is reviewed on a routine periodic basis, and adjustments are made periodically to the estimated cost-at-completion based on actual costs incurred, progress made, and estimates of the costs required to complete the contractual requirements. When the estimated cost-at-completion exceeds the contract value, the entire estimated loss resulting from the projected cost overruns is immediately recognized.
 
We also generate sales from product-related service contracts, repair services, airtime and mapping services, and engineering services projects. We recognize revenue from product-related service contracts and extended warranties ratably over the life of the contract. We recognize revenue from repair services and tracking, voice, and data services as services are rendered. We recognize revenue from contracts for engineering services using the percentage-of-completion method for fixed price contracts, or as costs are incurred for cost-reimbursement contracts.
 
Cost of sales
 
Product cost of sales includes the cost of materials, payroll and benefits for direct and indirect manufacturing labor, engineering and design costs, outside costs such as subcontracts, consulting or travel related to specific contracts, and manufacturing overhead expenses such as depreciation, utilities and facilities maintenance. We also include amortization of intangible assets for developed technologies in cost of sales.
 
We sell a wide range of advanced wireless communications products into markets with varying competitive conditions, and cost of sales as a percentage of net sales varies by product. Consequently, the mix of products sold in a given period is a significant factor affecting our operating income.
 
The cost-of-sales percentage is principally a function of competitive conditions as well as product and customer mix, but Aviation, LXE and to a lesser extent Global Tracking, are also affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The impact from foreign currency exchange rates is mainly because our Canadian-based Aviation and Global Tracking businesses derive most of its net sales from contracts denominated in U.S. dollars, but incurs most of its costs in Canadian dollars. When the U.S. dollar weakens against the Canadian dollar, our reported manufacturing costs for our Canadian-based business increase relative to its net sales, which increases the cost-of-sales percentage. When the U.S. dollar strengthens, the opposite effect generally results. Our LXE business derives a significant portion of its net sales from international markets, mainly in Euros, but incurs most of its costs in U.S. dollars. When the U.S. dollar weakens against the Euro and other international currencies, our reported net sales generally increase relative to our costs, which decreases the cost-of-sales percentage. When the U.S. dollar strengthens, the opposite effect generally results.
 
Service cost of sales is based on labor and other costs recognized as incurred to fulfill obligations under most of our service contracts, and the cost of airtime for providing tracking, voice and data services. Cost of sales for long-term engineering services contracts are based on labor and other costs incurred.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include salaries, commissions, bonuses and related overhead costs for our personnel engaged in sales, administration, finance, information systems and legal functions. Also included in SG&A expenses is amortization of intangible assets for trademarks, trade names and customer lists as well as costs of engaging outside professionals for consultation on legal, accounting, tax and management information system matters, auditing and tax compliance, and general corporate expenditures
 
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to other outside suppliers and service providers. Certain costs that are clearly related to production constitute a part of inventory costs and are included in cost of sales when the related products are sold.
 
Research and development expenses
 
Research and development (“R&D”) expenses represent the cost of our development efforts, net of reimbursement under specific customer-funded R&D agreements and government assistance programs. R&D expenses include salaries of engineers and technicians and related overhead expenses, the cost of materials utilized in research, and additional engineering or consulting services provided by independent companies. R&D costs are expensed as they are incurred. We also often incur significant development costs to meet the specific requirements of customer contracts in D&S, and Aviation and we report these costs in the consolidated statements of operations as cost of sales if the underlying research efforts are to meet specific requirements of customer contracts. Otherwise, they are recorded as a reduction of research and development expense.
 
Acquisition-related items
 
Acquisition-related items include the costs of engaging outside professionals for legal, due diligence, business valuation, and integration services related to business combinations. The category also includes adjustments related to changes in the fair value of the earn-out liability associated with one acquisition completed in 2009.
 
Impairment loss on goodwill
 
An impairment loss on goodwill is recognized to the extent that a reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of its goodwill, determined in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually, and between annual tests if an event or changes in circumstances indicate that the goodwill might be impaired. We complete our annual evaluation of goodwill for impairment in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.
 
Interest income
 
Interest income is earned primarily from our investments in government-obligations money market funds, other money market instruments, and interest-bearing deposits.
 
Interest expense
 
We incur interest expense principally related to mortgages on certain facilities and our revolving credit facility.
 
Foreign exchange gains and losses
 
We recognize foreign exchange gains and losses at any of our subsidiaries that have assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency different than its local functional currency. For our Canada-based Aviation and Global Tracking businesses, most trade receivables are denominated in U.S. dollars; when the U.S. dollar weakens against the Canadian dollar, the value of trade receivables decreases in the local currency and foreign exchange losses result. For our LXE segment’s international subsidiaries, most trade payables are in U.S. dollars and relate to their purchases of equipment from LXE’s U.S. operations for sale in Europe; when the U.S. dollar weakens against the Euro or other international currencies, the value of the LXE subsidiaries’ trade payables decreases in the local currency and foreign exchange gains result. When the U.S. dollar strengthens, the opposite effects occur on the trade receivables and on the trade payables and foreign exchange gains and losses result.
 
We regularly assess our exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and as a result, we enter into forward currency contracts to reduce those exposures. The notional amount of each forward currency contract is based on the amount of exposure for net assets or liabilities subject to changes in foreign currency exchange
 
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rates. We record changes in the fair value of these contracts in foreign exchange gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations.
 
Income taxes
 
Typically, the main factor affecting our effective income tax rate each year is the relative proportion of taxable income that we expect to earn in Canada, where the effective rate is lower than in the U.S. and other locations. The lower effective rate in Canada results from certain Canadian tax benefits for research-related expenditures.
 
Income tax expense can also be impacted by items that are reflected as expenses for financial reporting purposes, but are not deductible for income tax reporting purposes, and by judgments regarding any uncertain tax positions. Additionally, changes in judgment regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets can also affect the income tax expense.
 
The tax effects of discontinued operations are reflected in discontinued operations in the consolidated statement of operations.
 
Discontinued operations
 
Prior to 2008, we disposed of our Space & Technology/Montreal (“S&T/Montreal”), Satellite Networks (“SatNet”) and EMS Wireless divisions. The losses reported in discontinued operations relate directly to the resolution of various contingencies, representations or warranties as specified under the standard indemnification provisions of the sales agreements. We record a liability related to a contingency, representation or warranty when management considers that the liability is both probable and can be reasonably estimated.
 
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Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth items from the consolidated statements of operations as reported and as a percentage of net sales (or product net sales and service net sales for product cost of sales and service cost of sales, respectively) for each period (in thousands, except percentages):
 
                                                 
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Product net sales
  $   297,354       83.7  %   $   281,153       78.1  %   $   273,268       81.6  %
Service net sales
    57,871       16.3       78,819       21.9       61,777       18.4  
                                                 
Net sales
    355,225       100.0       359,972       100.0       335,045       100.0  
                                                 
Product cost of sales
    201,206       67.7       194,443       69.2       175,837       64.4  
Service cost of sales
    24,500       42.3       47,637       60.4       38,048       61.6  
                                                 
Cost of sales
    225,706       63.5       242,080       67.3       213,885       63.8  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    90,080       25.4       86,481       24.0       81,426       24.3  
Research and development expenses
    20,970       5.9       18,947       5.3       20,110       6.0  
Impairment loss on goodwill and related charges
    384       0.1       19,891       5.5       -       -  
Acquisition-related items
    563       0.2       7,206       2.0       -       -  
                                                 
Operating income (loss)
    17,522       4.9       (14,633 )     (4.1 )     19,624       5.9  
Interest income
    498       0.1       207       0.1       2,430       0.7  
Interest expense
    (1,904 )     (0.4 )     (2,181 )     (0.6 )     (1,679 )     (0.5 )
Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net
    (192 )     (0.1 )     (808 )     (0.2 )     (586 )     (0.2 )
                                                 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    15,924       4.5       (17,415 )     (4.8 )     19,789       5.9  
Income tax (expense) benefit
    (1,859 )     (0.5 )     4,266       1.1       682       0.2  
                                                 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations
    14,065       4.0       (13,149 )     (3.7 )     20,471       6.1  
Loss from discontinued operations
    -       -       (6,916 )     (1.9 )     -       -  
                                                 
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 14,065       4.0  %   $ (20,065 )     (5.6 )%   $ 20,471       6.1  %
                                                 
 
Years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009:
 
Net sales of $355.2 million in 2010 were just slightly below net sales in 2009. LXE’s net sales in 2010 were $31.8 million higher than in 2009, an increase of 29.0%, mainly due to higher product shipments in the Americas market. LXE’s product sales were also higher, but to a lesser extent, in the International market, and from a new source of revenue from direct sales to OEMs. The increase in net sales at Global Tracking was primarily a result of the timing of the acquisition of our asset-tracking product line February 2009 and additional airtime revenues. Net sales were lower at D&S mainly due to the conclusion of work performed on a significant military communications research project in the fourth quarter of 2009, and therefore not included in the 2010 results. Net sales were lower at Aviation primarily due to a lower volume of shipments of connectivity products and Inmarsat high-speed-data and antenna products reflecting the slow-down in the Aviation commercial business since the third quarter of 2009.
 
Product net sales of $297.4 million in 2010 were 5.8% higher than in 2009. Product net sales were higher in 2010 mainly due to a higher volume of terminals shipped by LXE partially offset by the lower product net sales at Aviation. Aviation’s product net sales were lower due to a lower volume of shipments of our connectivity products and Inmarsat high-speed-data and antenna products to commercial markets. Service net sales of $57.9 million in 2010 were 26.6% lower than service net sales in 2009 mainly due to the conclusion
 
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of significant work performed on a military communications research project by D&S. As a result, product net sales comprised a higher percentage of total net sales in 2010 compared with 2009.
 
Overall cost of sales as a percentage of consolidated net sales was lower in 2010 compared with 2009 due to lower cost-of-sales percentages reported by three of our four reportable operating segments, and a higher percentage of net sales generated from our LXE and Global Tracking segments which have lower cost-of-sales percentages than our other two segments. Product cost of sales and service cost of sales as a percentage of their respective net sales were lower in 2010 compared with 2009. Product cost of sales was lower in three of our four segments mainly due to cost reduction efforts targeted at reducing certain product costs at Global Tracking, a higher production volume at LXE, a more favorable product mix, and improved program execution at D&S. The lower service cost-of-sales percentage was mainly due to a lower proportion of service revenues generated from our D&S segment, which has a higher service cost-of-sales percentage than our other three reportable operating segments.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated net sales increased in 2010 compared with 2009. Actual expenses were $3.6 million higher in 2010 compared with the same period in 2009 mainly due to additional marketing and selling costs related to the higher sales at LXE, which has a higher commission structure than our other operating segments, additional costs related to the acquired product lines that were included for a full year in 2010, the net unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our international operations, and higher incentive compensation costs due to the improved performance of the Company in 2010 compared with 2009. These higher costs were partially offset by management’s cost reduction efforts mainly at our Aviation and D&S segments, and a $0.9 million decrease in severance charges in 2010. SG&A costs could increase in 2011 due to potential costs associated with a recent announcement by one of our shareholders that it intends to nominate four directors to the EMS Board.
 
Research and development expenses were $2.0 million higher in 2010 than in 2009 mainly for the development of new product offerings, as well as certain product enhancements. A higher proportion of these expenditures were recoverable in 2010 compared with the same period in 2009 from the Canadian government and certain commercial contracts which partially offset the higher research and development expenditures. The unfavorable effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our Canadian operations also contributed to the higher expenses in 2010.
 
Acquisition-related items of $0.6 million in 2010 were primarily for professional fees related to acquired research and development tax credits and an adjustment in the earn-out liability for changes in payments to be made for one of the acquisitions completed in the first quarter of 2009. Acquisition-related charges were $7.2 million in 2009. These costs were primarily related to professional fees for legal, due-diligence, valuation, and integration services for the acquisition of our Formation and Satamatics businesses (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report for additional information on these business combinations).
 
Interest expense was $0.3 million lower in 2010 than in 2009 mainly due to lower average outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility in 2010.
 
Our foreign exchange net loss was $0.6 million lower in 2010 than in 2009. These net losses were from the conversion of assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency and changes in the fair value of forward contracts used to hedge against currency exposure.
 
We recognized income tax expense of $1.9 million 2010 equal to 12% of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes. The Company’s effective income tax rate is generally less than the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 34% due to a portion of earnings being earned in Canada, where the Company’s effective rate is much lower than the rate in the U.S. due to research-related tax benefits. In the year ended December 31, 2010, the rate was higher than it otherwise would have been since tax benefits for certain loss jurisdictions have not been recognized. We recognized an income tax benefit of $4.3 million for continuing operations in 2009. Earnings were generated in Canada, where we have a much lower effective rate than in the U.S. or other locations due to research-related tax benefits. Other jurisdictions incurred losses, which generated a tax benefit. In addition we recognized a change in estimate of $1.9 million for prior-year
 
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research and development credits in the U.S. after completion of an Internal Revenue Service examination. No tax benefit was recognized for the loss on impairment of goodwill in 2009.
 
Years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
 
Net sales increased by 7.4% to $360.0 million from $335.0 million in 2009 compared with 2008, reflecting growth in net sales from three of our four reportable operating segments, Aviation, D&S and Global Tracking, with increases of 33.6%, 19.5% and 77.0%, respectively. Net sales were higher in our Aviation and Global Tracking segments as a result of our air-to-ground and asset tracking product lines acquired in 2009. Net sales from Aviation’s organic product lines in 2009 were lower than 2008, and 2009 included no revenue from the Inmarsat development project that was concluded in 2008. D&S’s net sales were higher in 2009 mainly due to significant work performed on a military communications research project and increased activity on both military and commercial programs. LXE’s net sales in 2009 were $36.4 million lower than the same period in 2009, a decrease of 25.0%, with a decrease in net sales in both the Americas and International markets, both impacted by the global economic recession in 2009.
 
Product net sales increased by 2.9% to $281.2 million in 2009 compared with 2008. This was primarily due to the product net sales generated from our recently acquired product lines and increased activity on both defense and commercial programs, including significant work to supply phase-shifter products for a military program, and antennas for systems that provide connectivity to the internet, live television programs and cellular services on-board commercial aircraft. These increases were partially offset by a lower number of terminals shipped by LXE in both the International and Americas markets and lower sales of high-speed-data aeronautical products from the organic product lines by Aviation. Service net sales increased by 27.6% to $78.8 million in 2009 as compared with the same period in 2008, mainly due to significant work performed on a military communications research project by D&S, and the service revenue generated from our newly acquired product lines at Aviation and Global Tracking. As a result, service net sales comprised a higher percentage of total net sales in 2009 as compared with 2008.
 
Overall cost of sales as a percentage of consolidated net sales was higher in 2009 compared with 2008 due to higher cost-of-sales percentages reported by three of our four reportable operating segments. Product cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was higher in 2009 compared with 2008. The increase in product cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was mainly due to the acquisition of our new product lines in 2009 at Aviation and Global Tracking, which had higher cost-of-sales percentages than most of our organic product lines, primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets. Another factor contributing to the higher product-cost-of sales percentage in 2009 was a higher percentage of net sales generated by our D&S segment, which has a higher cost-of-sales percentage than our other three reportable operating segments. LXE also contributed to the higher product cost-of-sales percentage with the lower production volume over which fixed costs were absorbed. 2009 also had an unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and additional severance costs of $1.8 million. The additional severance costs recorded in 2009 were for a reduction in workforce across all divisions to realign the staffing needs of the businesses with the economic conditions at that time. Service cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was lower in 2009 compared with 2008. The decrease in the service cost-of-sales percentage was mainly due to an increase in service revenue from our asset tracking product line acquired at Global Tracking which had a lower cost-of-sales percentage than our other three operating segments. Service cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was also lower in 2009 compared with 2008 due to lower volume of repairs experienced under existing maintenance contracts at our D&S and LXE segments in 2009.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated net sales decreased slightly in 2009 compared with 2008. Actual expenses grew by $5.1 million in 2009 compared with 2008 mainly due to the additional costs related to the acquired product lines, including additional amortization of intangible assets. These additional costs were partially offset by the impact of management’s continued cost reduction efforts and the favorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our LXE international and Canadian operations.
 
Research and development expenses were $1.2 million lower in 2009 than in 2008 mainly due to additional funding received from the Canadian government under a program to encourage technology development in
 
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areas such as satellite communications, reduced spending due to cost control measures, and the completion of certain internal development programs at Aviation and LXE in 2009. Research and development expenses were also affected by the favorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in 2009. These decreases in expenses were partially offset by additional research and development expenses related to our recently acquired product lines.
 
An impairment loss on goodwill of $19.9 million was recorded by our LXE segment in 2009. We completed our annual evaluation for goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of 2009 and concluded that the goodwill of our LXE segment might be impaired since the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying amount. The amount of the impairment loss was determined by comparing the carrying amount of the goodwill for the reporting unit to the implied fair value of the goodwill determined in accordance with current accounting standards. While the carrying amount exceeded the estimated fair value by only $6.0 million, the impairment loss was measured as $19.9 million. The requirements to determine the impairment loss stipulate that the estimated fair value of all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit be determined similar to the method used in a business combination. The aggregate fair value of the assets and liabilities, including those not reflected in the carrying amount, is compared to the estimated reporting unit fair value with the difference being implied goodwill. The excess of goodwill on the balance sheet over this implied goodwill is the impairment loss. For a reporting unit with unrecognized intangible assets or other assets whose fair value exceeds the carrying amount, the amount of the impairment loss will exceed the reporting unit fair value deficiency since the accounting rules do not allow for a step up in fair value for these other assets in this process.
 
Acquisition-related charges of $7.2 million in 2009 were primarily for professional fees for legal, due-diligence, valuation, and integration services for the acquisition of our Formation and Satamatics businesses, as well as increases in the estimated fair value of the earn-out liability associated with one of the acquisitions. The fair value increased by $3.2 million during 2009 primarily related to accretion in the liability from the acquisition date, changes in the expected earn-out payments based on the results of 2009, and an agreement between the Company and the sellers of the acquired entity to set the 2010 earn-out at a fixed amount, which settled the contingency.
 
Interest income was $2.2 million lower in 2009 than in 2008 mainly as a result of lower average investment balances and, to a lesser extent, lower average interest rates earned on our investment balances.
 
Interest expense was $0.5 million higher in 2009 than in 2008 mainly due to borrowings under our revolving credit facility incurred in the first quarter of 2009 to partially fund business acquisitions.
 
Our foreign exchange net loss was $0.2 million higher in 2009 than in 2008. Included in 2009, was a $1.4 million foreign exchange loss related to the funding of the Satamatics acquisition, which was required to be paid in British pounds sterling. The loss resulted from changes in foreign currency exchange rates from the date we funded the transaction to the date the acquisition was completed. Partially offsetting this loss in the period were net gains from the conversion of assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency and changes in the fair value of forward contracts used to hedge against currency exposure.
 
We recognized an income tax benefit of $4.3 million for continuing operations in 2009. Earnings were generated in Canada, where we have a much lower effective rate than in the U.S. or other locations due to research-related tax benefits. Other jurisdictions incurred losses, which generated a tax benefit. In addition, we recognized a change in estimate of $1.9 million for prior-year research and development credits in the U.S. after completion of an Internal Revenue Service examination. No tax benefit was recognized for the loss on impairment of goodwill. Income tax for 2008 was a net benefit of $0.7 million. A $0.9 million tax benefit was recognized in 2008 related to revised estimates for research and development costs qualifying for U.S. Federal tax credits from prior years. We also recognized a $1.3 million benefit in 2008 from the reduction of the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets based upon the expected continuing profitability of our Canadian business.
 
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Segment Analysis
 
Our net sales, cost-of-sales (as a percentage of respective segment net sales), operating income (loss), and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were as follows for each of our reportable operating segments (in thousands, except percentages):
 
                                         
                      Percentage
 
    Years Ended     Increase (Decrease)  
    2010     2009     2008     2010 vs 2009     2009 vs 2008  
 
Net sales:
                                       
Aviation
  $     106,787             123,909             92,724       (13.8 )%     33.6  
Defense & Space
    67,906       91,579       76,643       (25.8 )     19.5  
LXE
    141,217       109,441       145,885       29.0       (25.0 )
Global Tracking
    40,676       35,043       19,793                  
Less intercompany sales
    (1,361 )                            
                                         
Total
  $ 355,225       359,972       335,045       (1.3 )     7.4  
                                         
Cost of sales percentage:
                                       
Aviation
    64.3 %     63.0       54.9       1.3       8.1  
Defense & Space
    75.3       80.1       77.0       (4.8 )     3.1  
LXE
    59.7       63.6       60.3       (3.9 )     3.3  
Global Tracking
    49.4       59.6       76.2       (10.2 )     (16.6 )
                                         
Total
    63.5       67.2       63.8       (3.7 )     3.4  
                                         
Operating income (loss):
                                       
Aviation
  $ 6,299       10,959       15,315       (42.5 )     (28.4 )
Defense & Space
    6,092       7,314       6,381       (16.7 )     14.6  
LXE
    7,522       (26,531 )     2,861       (2)     (2)
Global Tracking
    1,540       424       (1,128 )     263.2       (2)
Corporate & Other
    (3,931 )     (6,799 )     (3,805 )     (2)     (2)
                                         
Total
  $ 17,522       (14,633 )     19,624       (2)     (2)
                                         
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
                                       
Aviation
  $ 14,254       20,166       19,918       (29.3 )     1.2  
Defense & Space
    9,521       10,905       9,641       (12.7 )     13.1  
LXE
    11,339       (3,184 )     6,950       (2)     (145.8 )
Global Tracking
    5,323       4,324       (647 )     23.1       (2)
Corporate & Other
    (160 )     3,480       443       (104.6 )     685.6  
                                         
Total
  $ 40,277       35,691       36,305       12.8       (1.7 )
                                         
 
(1)  Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not defined with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States. See section entitled “Adjusted EBITDA” for an explanation of this measure and a reconciliation to net earnings.
 
(2)  The percentage change is not calculable or not meaningful.
 
Aviation: Net sales were $17.1 million lower in 2010 compared with 2009 mainly due to a lower volume of shipments of Aviation’s air-to-ground connectivity products. Shipments were lower for Aviation’s air-to-ground connectivity products into the air transport market due to delays in customer orders resulting from changes in the airline’s rollout schedule of connectivity, and to a transition to a new buying pattern by our customer to
 
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acquire inventory as needed to meet scheduled installations instead of maintaining a stock of inventory on-hand. Another contributing factor to the lower net sales in 2010 was a lower volume of shipments of Aviation’s Inmarsat high-speed-data terminal and antenna products reflecting the slow-down in the Aviation commercial business beginning in the third quarter of 2009. Net sales were $31.2 million higher in 2009 compared with 2008. The increase was mainly due to the sales generated from our air-to-ground aero-connectivity product line acquired in 2009, which contributed $41.3 million of additional net sales in that year. This increase in net sales was partially offset by lower net sales of high-speed-data aeronautical products into the military and air transport markets in 2009 compared with 2008. Net sales from the business jet market were also lower in 2009 compared with 2008. Sales of new corporate aircraft declined in 2009 due to general economic conditions and a high level of inventory of used aircraft. Positive customer acceptance of new equipment offerings in 2009 helped to fuel sales of SwiftBroadband products. Revenues for 2008 included the development of the Inmarsat global satellite/GSM phone, which was concluded in 2008 and, therefore, had no effect on the results of 2009.
 
Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was higher in 2010 compared with 2009 mainly due to a higher concentration of revenues generated from engineering services in 2010, which has a lower cost-of-sales percentage than Aviation’s other service offerings. Aviation’s product cost-of-sales percentage remained relatively unchanged in 2010 compared with 2009. A more favorable product mix offset the impact of lower production volumes, the negative impact of a net increase in estimated costs on long-term production and development projects, and the unfavorable effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates that affected our reported international costs in 2010 compared with 2009. The cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was higher in 2009 compared with 2008 mainly due to a less favorable product mix and higher amortization costs of intangible assets from our new product line acquired in 2009.
 
Operating income was lower by $4.7 million in 2010 compared with 2009. The lower operating income was mainly due to a lower margin contribution from the decrease in net sales generated in 2010. The lower operating income was also lower due to a less favorable cost-of-sales percentage, and higher research and development expenses in 2010, partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses. These lower selling, general and administrative expenses were mainly a result of staff reductions made in the second quarter of 2010, and from certain cost centers that supported the Aviation segment in 2009 that began supporting Global Tracking in 2010. The higher research and development expenses were primarily a result of additional spending on the development of new satellite connectivity products, and modifications to existing products to expand our current product offerings into other avionics platforms. Selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expense were also impacted by the unfavorable effects of foreign currency exchange rates in 2010. Operating income was $4.4 million lower in 2009 as compared with 2008. This was primarily as a result of higher selling, general and administrative expenses, additional intangible asset amortization costs from our new product line, and severance charges of approximately $0.7 million in 2009, which offset the higher margin contribution from an increase in net sales generated, and the favorable effects of foreign currency exchange rates in 2009. Operating income as a percentage of net sales was 5.9%, 8.8% and 16.5% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
Adjusted EBITDA of $14.3 million in 2010 was $5.9 million lower than 2009 primarily due to lower operating income contributed by our air-to-ground connectivity products and a $1.0 million unfavorable change in foreign currency gains and losses in 2010 compared with 2009. Adjusted EBITDA of $20.2 million in 2009 was $0.2 million higher than 2008 mainly due the operating income contributed by our air-to-ground connectivity product line acquired in 2009, and a $1.2 million favorable change in foreign currency gains and losses year-over-year. These increases in Adjusted EBITDA in 2009 were partially offset by lower operating income contributed by Aviation’s organic product line reflecting the slow-down in the Aviation market in 2009 compared with 2008.
 
Defense & Space: Net sales were $23.7 million lower in 2010 than 2009 and were $14.9 million higher in 2009 compared with 2008. The work performed on a large military satellite communications research project was an individually significant contributor to the net sales increase in 2009 but the work was completed in the fourth quarter of 2009 and did not contribute to net sales in 2010. As a result, D&S reduced capacity through an operational transition and workforce reduction in the fourth quarter of 2009 resulting in a lower cost-
 
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structure for its business for 2010. In comparing 2009 to 2008 more work was performed on both defense and commercial programs, including significant work to supply phase-shifter products for a military program, and antennas for systems that provide connectivity to the internet, live television programs and cellular services on-board commercial aircraft. Order backlog of long-term development and production contracts was $73.1 million at December 31, 2010, a decrease of $16.5 million from December 31, 2009. Orders slowed during 2010 mainly as a result of delays in customer funding. The delay in customer orders and a less favorable contract mix in the near-term is expected to cause operating profit to be significantly lower for D&S in 2011 as compared with 2010.
 
Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was lower in 2010 compared with 2009. The lower cost-of-sale percentage was mainly due to a net decrease in estimated costs to complete long-term development and production programs resulting from improved program execution, and production efficiencies gained on certain projects, and lower severance charges by approximately $1.3 million in 2010 compared with 2009. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was higher in 2009 as compared with 2008 mainly due to an unfavorable mix of contracts and an increase in costs from a higher volume of subcontracted projects utilized to meet scheduling demands for certain military programs. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was also higher in 2009 as compared with 2008 due to unfavorable contract performance experienced on certain programs in 2009.
 
Operating income was lower by $1.2 million in 2010 as compared with 2009. The lower operating income was mainly due to the decrease in net sales generated in 2010 and higher research and development expenses. These effects were partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses from management’s cost reduction efforts initiated in 2009 to realign D&S’s cost structure with the expected needs of its business. Operating income improved by $0.9 million in 2009 as compared with 2008. Operating income improved mainly due to the increase in net sales generated in 2009, and lower selling, general and administrative expenses. These effects were partially offset by additional severance charges of approximately $1.6 million in 2009. The lower selling, general and administrative costs were mainly a result of a lower cost structure resulting from workforce reductions that occurred in 2009. Research and development expenses were higher by $0.3 million in both 2010 and 2009 compared with the previous year due to increased efforts to expand our product offerings. Our R&D efforts included development toward new antenna products, advanced technology to improve tracking and stabilization for satcom and data links antennas, and core elements for next generation RADAR systems, among several other research and development efforts. We believe the investments in these products and technologies will enable D&S to provide next generation off-the-shelf products and product building blocks for antenna systems and volume manufacturing capabilities. Operating income as a percentage of net sales was 9.0% in 2010, 8.0% in 2009 and 8.3% in 2008.
 
Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $1.4 million in 2010 as compared with 2009 mainly due to a decrease in operating income in 2010. Adjusted EBITDA increased by $1.3 million in 2009 as compared with the previous year mainly due to an increase in operating income in 2009.
 
LXE: Net sales were $141.2 million in 2010, the second highest level of annual net sales ever reported by LXE. Net sales increased by $31.8 million, or 29.0%, in 2010 compared with 2009, mainly due to an increase in net sales in the Americas market, reflecting a recovery in the overall market in 2010. Net sales were also higher in 2010 in the International market. The increase in net sales in the Americas market resulted primarily from a higher volume of terminals shipped in that market, in response to a higher demand for rugged handheld computer products. The increase in net sales in the International market was mainly due to a higher volume of terminals shipped in that market partially offset by an unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the reported net sales. Sales generated from handheld computer products introduced in the fourth quarter of 2009 to the OEM market gained acceptance in certain service industries in 2010 and represented $9.7 million, or 6.9%, of net sales in 2010. Net sales in 2009 were $36.4 million lower, a decline of 25.0%, compared with 2008, reflecting the impact of the slowdown in the global economy. Net sales were lower in both the International and Americas markets in 2009 primarily from a lower number of terminals shipped in both markets. Net sales were unfavorably impacted in 2009 compared with 2008 by the foreign currency translation effect on the reported net sales for LXE’s International market.
 
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Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was lower in 2010 compared with 2009 mainly due to management’s cost reduction efforts, and a higher production volume over which fixed costs were absorbed. Another factor affecting the cost of sales as a percentage of net sales in 2010 was a $1.3 million reduction in cost of sales for purchased items previously included in accounts payable that were determined to no longer be liabilities. The effects of these reductions in cost of sales as a percentage of net sales were partially offset by an unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates that affected our reported International net sales in 2010. Revenues are generally denominated in the local functional currency but product costs are denominated in the U.S. dollar, which was stronger relative to the foreign currencies in 2010 compared with 2009. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was higher in 2009 compared with 2008, mainly due to lower production volume over which fixed costs were absorbed, a higher percentage of net sales generated from indirect channels which have a higher cost-of-sales percentage than net sales generated from direct sales channels, and an unfavorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates that affected our reported International net sales.
 
LXE generated operating income of $7.5 million in 2010, an operating loss of $26.5 million in 2009, and operating income of $2.9 million in 2008. In 2009, LXE recorded an impairment loss on goodwill that reduced its operating income in that year by $19.9 million which explains the majority of the improvement in operating income in 2010. The remaining improvement in operating income was primarily a result of the higher margin contributed by the increase in net sales and the more favorable cost-of-sales percentage. In addition, foreign currency exchange rates resulted in lower reported costs in 2010 compared with 2009 and severance charges were $1.3 million higher in 2009 than 2010. Partially offsetting these favorable effects in 2010 were higher research and development expenses reflecting the development of three new products to be released in 2011, higher commissions and other selling expenses as a result of the higher net sales, and additional marketing expenses in preparation for the roll-out of these new products. The goodwill impairment charge in 2009 accounts for the majority of the drop in operating income in 2009 compared with 2008. Other significant factors contributing to the less favorable performance were the lower net sales recorded in 2009 and a less favorable cost-of-sales percentage. These impacts were partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses and lower research and development expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses were lower in 2009 by $8.6 million as compared with the same periods in 2008 reflecting the impact of management’s efforts to control spending. Lower selling, general and administrative expenses were primarily a result of staff reductions to realign LXE’s cost structure with the expected needs of its business, and the favorable effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on reported costs, partially offset by higher severance expenses. Lower research and development expenses were mainly a result of controlled spending through headcount reductions, redeploying development efforts offshore and the completion of certain internal development programs in 2009. Operating income as a percentage of net sales was 5.3%, a negative 24.2% and 2.0% in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
Adjusted EBITDA increased in 2010 by $14.5 million compared to 2009 and decreased in 2009 by $10.1 million compared with 2008. The fluctuations were consistent with the fluctuations in operating income.
 
Global Tracking: Net sales were $5.6 million higher in 2010 compared with 2009 mainly due to the timing of the acquisition of, and higher airtime revenue generated from, our new tracking product line (acquired on February 13, 2009), which contributed $4.1 million of additional net sales in 2010 compared to 2009. The increase in airtime revenue in 2010 was a result of a higher number of terminals in use by customers, and a more favorable mix of airtime contracts reflecting the migration of existing customers to current network platforms which yield higher airtime rates, and higher average airtime usage from new customers. As a result, the average revenue generated per terminal by the new asset-tracking product line has grown in 2010 compared with 2009. Net sales also included a higher concentration of product shipments to the security market in 2010 compared with 2009, reflecting growth in that market. Net sales were $15.3 million higher in 2009 compared with 2008 mainly due to the net sales generated by our asset-tracking product line acquired in 2009, which contributed $18.9 of net sales during that year. This increase in net sales in 2009 was partially offset by lower revenues generated from emergency management projects due to the completion of two significant projects in 2008 that triggered revenue recognition in that period.
 
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Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was lower in both 2010 and 2009 compared with the previous year. In 2010, the cost-of-sales percentage included a more favorable product mix, the effects of management’s efforts to lower costs on certain hardware products targeted for improvement, and a higher proportion of airtime revenue, which has a lower cost-of-sales percentage than product net sales. The cost-of-sales percentage was also affected by lower intangible asset amortization expense in 2010. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was lower in 2009 compared with 2008 primarily due to a more favorable product mix in 2009 from the acquisition of our asset-tracking product line in that period.
 
Operating income was higher by $1.1 million and $1.6 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, compared with the previous year primarily as a result of the higher gross margin contributed from higher net sales and the lower cost-of-sales percentage, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses. The higher selling, general and administrative costs in 2010 compared with 2009 were mainly from certain cost centers that supported the Aviation segment in 2009 that began supporting Global Tracking in 2010, and the timing of the acquisition of our new line of business in the first quarter of 2009; the costs related to the newly acquired business were included in the operating results of our Global Tracking segment in 2009 from the date of acquisition, but were included in the full year for 2010. The higher selling, general and administrative costs in 2009 compared with 2008 resulted from the acquisition of our new asset tracking product business in 2009, including additional intangible asset amortization costs for that business. Research and development expenses were higher in 2010 and 2009 compared with 2009 and 2008, respectively, due to increased efforts on development projects for next generation products. Operating income as a percentage of net sales was 3.8%, 1.2% and a negative 5.7% in 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively.
 
Adjusted EBITDA increased by $1.0 million, and $5.0 million in 2010, and 2009, respectively, compared with the previous year primarily due to an increase in earnings in both 2010 and 2009 contributed by our asset tracking business acquired in 2009. The improvement in Adjusted EBITDA in 2009 compared to 2008 was more than the improvement in operating income since 2009 included amortization of intangible assets from the acquisition of our new asset tracking business in 2009.
 
Supplemental Information
 
In February 2011, we formed EMS Global Resource Management, which is a combination of the LXE and Global Tracking segments. We also have begun the alignment of Aviation and D&S as the AeroConnectivity group. We have included the net sales, cost-of-sales (as a percentage of respective market net sales), operating
 
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income and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 for these groups as follows (in thousands, except percentages):
 
                         
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Net sales:
                       
Aviation
  $        106,787              123,909              92,724  
Defense & Space
    67,906       91,579       76,643  
                         
AeroConnectivity
    174,693       215,488       169,367  
LXE
    141,217       109,441       145,885  
Global Tracking
    39,315       35,043       19,793  
                         
Global Resource Management
    180,532       144,484       165,678  
                         
Total
  $ 355,225       359,972       335,045  
                         
Cost of sales percentage:
                       
Aviation
    64.3 %     63.0       54.9  
Defense & Space
    75.3       80.1       77.0  
AeroConnectivity
    68.6       70.3       64.9  
LXE
    59.7       63.6       60.3  
Global Tracking
    49.4       59.6       76.2  
Global Resource Management
    57.4       62.6       62.2  
Total
    63.5       67.2       63.8  
 
                         
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Operating income (loss):
                       
Aviation
  $          6,299              10,959              15,315  
Defense & Space
    6,092       7,314       6,381  
                         
AeroConnectivity
    12,391       18,273       21,696  
LXE
    7,522       (26,531 )     2,861  
Global Tracking
    1,540       424       (1,128 )
                         
Global Resource Management
    9,062       (26,107 )     1,733  
Corporate & Other
    (3,931 )     (6,799 )     (3,805 )
                         
Total
  $ 17,522       (14,633 )     19,624  
                         
Adjusted EBITDA
                       
Aviation
  $ 14,254       20,166       19,918  
Defense & Space
    9,521       10,905       9,641  
                         
AeroConnectivity
    23,775       31,071       29,559  
LXE
    11,339       (3,184 )     6,950  
Global Tracking
    5,323       4,324       (647 )
                         
Global Resource Management
    16,662       1,140       6,303  
Corporate & Other
    (160 )     3,480       443  
                         
Total
  $ 40,277       35,691       36,305  
                         
 
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Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure)
 
In addition to traditional financial measures determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we also measure our performance based on the non-GAAP financial measure of earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and before discontinued operations, impairment loss on goodwill and related charges, stock-based compensation, acquisition-related items and acquisition-related foreign exchange adjustment (“Adjusted EBITDA”). The following table is a reconciliation of net earnings (loss) (which is the most directly comparable GAAP operating performance measure) and earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes by segment to Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 (in thousands):
 
                                                 
                      Global
    Corp &
       
   
Aviation
   
D&S
   
LXE
   
Tracking
   
Other
    Total  
 
Year Ended December 31, 2010
                                               
Net earnings
                                                                                       $  14,065  
Income tax expense
                                            1,859  
                                                 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
  $ 5,849       6,100       7,762       1,596       (5,383 )     15,924  
Interest expense
    4       -       -       3       1,897       1,904  
Depreciation and amortization
    8,138       3,195       3,320       3,651       1,241       19,545  
Impairment loss on goodwill and related charges
    -       -       -       -       384       384  
Stock-based compensation
    263       226       257       73       1,138       1,957  
Acquisition-related items
    -       -       -       -       563       563  
                                                 
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 14,254       9,521       11,339       5,323       (160 )   $ 40,277  
                                                 
Year Ended December 31, 2009
                                               
Net loss
                                          $ (20,065 )
Loss from discontinued operations
                                            6,916  
Income tax benefit from continuing operations
                                            (4,266 )
                                                 
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
  $ 11,383       7,315       (26,708 )     758       (10,163 )     (17,415 )
Interest expense
    68       -       93       -       2,020       2,181  
Depreciation and amortization
    8,577       3,367       3,345       3,540       1,160       19,989  
Impairment loss on goodwill
    -       -       19,891       -       -       19,891  
Stock-based compensation
    138       223       195       26       1,887       2,469  
Acquisition-related items
    -       -       -       -       7,206       7,206  
Acquisition-related foreign exchange adjustment
    -       -       -       -       1,370       1,370  
                                                 
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 20,166       10,905       (3,184 )     4,324       3,480     $ 35,691  
                                                 
Year Ended December 31, 2008
                                               
Net earnings
                                          $ 20,471  
Income tax benefit
                                            (682 )
                                                 
Earnings (loss) before income taxes
  $ 15,098       6,347       2,955       (1,127 )     (3,484 )     19,789  
Interest expense
    62       40       406       -       1,171       1,679  
Depreciation and amortization
    4,609       3,023       3,363       480       1,023       12,498  
Stock-based compensation
    149       231       226       -       1,733       2,339  
                                                 
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 19,918       9,641       6,950       (647 )     443     $ 36,305  
                                                 
 
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We believe that earnings that are based on this non-GAAP financial measure provide useful information to investors, lenders and financial analysts because (i) this measure is more comparable with the results for prior fiscal periods, and (ii) by excluding the potential volatility related to the timing and extent of nonoperating activities, such as acquisitions or revisions of the estimated value of post-closing earn-outs, such results provide a useful means of evaluating the success of our ongoing operating activities. Also, we use this information, together with other appropriate metrics, to set goals for and measure the performance of our operating businesses, and to assess our compliance with debt covenants. Management further considers Adjusted EBITDA an important indicator of operational strengths and performance of our businesses. EBITDA measures are used historically by investors, lenders and financial analysts to estimate the value of a company, to make informed investment decisions and to evaluate performance. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons of our results of operations with those of companies having different capital structures. In addition, a measure similar to Adjusted EBITDA is a component of our bank lending agreement, which requires certain levels of Adjusted EBITDA to be achieved. This information should not be considered in isolation or in lieu of our operating and other financial information determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because EBITDA and adjustments to EBITDA are not determined consistently by all entities, Adjusted EBITDA as presented may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
 
Discontinued Operations:
 
In 2010 and 2008, discontinued operations had no effect on our net earnings. Our discontinued operations reported a loss before income taxes of $10.9 million in 2009. The loss was mainly a result of a $9.2 million liability recorded in 2009 for costs awarded for warranty claims under the provisions of the sales agreement of our former EMS Wireless division, and for legal costs associated with the defense of these claims.
 
Prior to 2008, we disposed of our S&T/Montreal, SatNet, and EMS Wireless divisions. The sales agreements for each of these disposals contained standard indemnification provisions for various contingencies that could not be resolved before the dates of closing and for various representations and warranties provided by us and the purchasers. The purchaser of EMS Wireless asserted claims under such representations and warranties. The parties agreed to arbitration, which commenced in the third quarter of 2009. In March of 2010, we received an interim decision from the arbitrator on these claims awarding the purchaser a total of approximately $9.2 million under the warranty provisions of the purchase agreement. As a result, we accrued a liability for the awarded costs in discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2009. On April 30, 2010, the arbitrator issued the final decision awarding the purchaser of our former EMS Wireless division $8.6 million. Based on this final award, we reduced our estimated liability by $0.6 million in 2010. This favorable adjustment in discontinued operations in 2010 was offset by additional charges related to estimated contingent liabilities associated with other divisions disposed of prior to 2008.
 
We had an agreement with the purchaser of the former S&T/Montreal division to acquire a license for $8 million in payments over a seven-year period, beginning in December 2008, for the rights to a certain satellite territory. We had a corresponding sublicense agreement that granted the territory rights back to the purchaser, under which we were to receive a portion of the satellite service revenues from the specific market territory over the same period. The purchaser had previously guaranteed that the revenues derived under the sublicense would equal or exceed the acquisition cost of the license. As part of the agreement to sell the net assets of S&T/Montreal, we released the purchaser from this guarantee. Without the guarantee, we estimated that our portion of the satellite service revenues would be less than the acquisition cost, and we had accordingly reflected a liability for the net cost in our consolidated balance sheet. In the fourth quarter 2010, we finalized a settlement under these agreements for $3.8 million. The settlement of these agreements also eliminated our existing contractual requirement to warrant approximately $3 million of specified in-orbit failures of the Radarsat-2 payload.
 
Prior to 2008, we completed the sale of our former SatNet division. The asset purchase agreement (“APA”) provided for the payment of $2.3 million of the aggregate consideration in an interest-bearing note to be repaid over a three-year period beginning in May 2007. As of December 31, 2010, approximately $1.1 million of this
 
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note receivable, excluding accrued interest, remained unpaid. The purchaser has indicated that it believes it has claims that offset the unpaid balance. We do not believe that these claims are valid according to the terms of the APA and have filed an arbitration demand with the purchaser. We believe that the purchaser has the ability to pay the remaining balance of this note receivable, and that the receivable recorded in the consolidated balance sheet is fully collectible.
 
Backlog
 
Backlog is very important for our D&S segment due to the long delivery cycles for its projects. Many customers of our LXE segment typically require short delivery cycles. As a result, LXE usually converts orders into revenues within a few weeks, and it generally does not build up a significant order backlog that extends substantially beyond one fiscal quarter except for annual or multi-year maintenance service agreements. Our Aviation and Global Tracking businesses have projects with both short delivery cycles, and delivery cycles that extend beyond the next twelve months. Our segment backlog as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 was as follows (in millions):
 
                 
    December 31  
    2010     2009  
 
Aviation
  $        38,049              49,826  
Defense & Space
    73,058       89,596  
LXE
    29,106       22,019  
Global Tracking
    15,449       16,807  
                 
Total
  $ 155,662       178,248  
                 
 
Included in the backlog of firm orders for our D&S segment was approximately $4.0 million and $22.5 million of unfunded orders, mainly for military contracts, as of December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, respectively. Of the orders in backlog as of December 31, 2010, the following are expected to be filled in 2011: Aviation – 90%; LXE – 75%; D&S – 55%; and Global Tracking – 75%. LXE’s backlog has grown as its business has expanded and the industry has experienced supply chain challenges obtaining certain key components on a timely basis. To address the shortage of component parts, LXE has increased its critical parts inventories, and increased its purchase commitments with certain suppliers to address extended lead-time requirements of electronic component manufacturers.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
During 2010, cash and cash equivalents increased by $8.8 million to $55.9 million as of December 31, 2010. Strong cash flow generated from operating activities in continuing operations of $39.1 million offset payments made for the contingent consideration agreement related to one of the acquisitions completed in 2009 ($9.8 million included in financing activities), $8.6 million for award costs to the purchaser of our former EMS Wireless division related to claims made by the purchaser, $3.8 million for the settlement of satellite territory license agreements related to the sale of our S&T/Montreal division, and $11.0 million for purchases of capital equipment. The purchases of capital equipment in 2010 were mainly to upgrade the enterprise reporting system at LXE, and to upgrade test equipment at Aviation used to develop new or enhance existing products. Each of our four operating segments provided cash from operating activities in continuing operations in 2010.
 
Of the $55.9 million of cash as of December 31, 2010, $53.8 million is held by subsidiaries outside of the U.S. These undistributed earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested and are not available for use in the U.S.
 
During 2009, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $39.8 million to $47.2 million as of December 31, 2009. The primary factor contributing to the decrease during the period was cash utilized for our Formation and Satamatics acquisitions.
 
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Operating activities from continuing operations contributed $42.3 million in positive cash flows in 2009. Although we reported a loss from continuing operations of $13.1 million in 2009, that loss included noncash charges for depreciation and amortization of $20.0 million and an impairment loss on goodwill of $19.9 million. We experienced good customer collections during 2009 and were able to lower inventory levels. Acquisition-related charges of $3.1 million paid in 2009 are included as reductions of cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Discontinued operations used cash of $0.6 million mainly for legal fees to defend us against claims made by the purchaser of our EMS Wireless division, net of tax benefits.
 
During 2009, we used $87.3 million of cash to acquire our Formation and Satamatics businesses. These acquisitions were partially funded with approximately $33.8 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We subsequently repaid approximately $15.3 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility in 2009. We used $13.4 million for purchases of capital equipment, the expansion of D&S’s facility, and to upgrade the enterprise reporting system at LXE in 2009.
 
During 2008, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $47.0 million to $87.0 million as of December 31, 2008. The primary uses of cash during the period included $31.6 million of cash used to acquire our Trux and Sky Connect businesses, $13.9 million for purchases of capital equipment and the expansion of D&S’s facility, and $10.0 million to repurchase common shares under our share repurchase program.
 
Continuing operating activities contributed $16.5 million in positive cash flows in 2008. Net earnings of $20.5 million and noncash charges, primarily depreciation and amortization of $12.5 million and stock-based compensation of $2.3 million, were partially offset by increases in working capital.
 
We have a revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks. Under the agreement, we have $60 million total capacity for borrowing in the U.S. and $15 million total capacity for borrowing in Canada. The agreement also has a provision permitting an increase in the total borrowing capacity of up to an additional $50 million with additional commitments from the current lenders or from new lenders. The existing lenders have no obligation to increase their commitments. The credit agreement provides for borrowings through February 28, 2013, with no principal payments required prior to that date. The credit agreement is secured by substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets, with certain exceptions for real estate that secures existing mortgages, other permitted liens and for certain assets in foreign countries.
 
As of December 31, 2010, we had $21.0 million of borrowings outstanding under this facility. We had $2.9 million of outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2010, and the net total available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility was $51.1 million.
 
We expect that capital expenditures in 2011 will range from $10 million to $15 million, excluding acquisitions of businesses. These expenditures will be used to purchase equipment that increases or enhances capacity and productivity.
 
Management believes that existing cash and cash equivalent balances, cash provided from operations, and borrowings available under our credit agreement will provide sufficient liquidity to meet the operating and capital expenditure needs for existing operations during the next twelve months.
 
Our Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program for up to $20 million of our common shares. As of December 31, 2010, we had repurchased approximately 495,000 of our common shares for approximately $10.1 million. Further repurchases are no longer permitted under the terms of our credit agreement. There were no repurchases under the program during 2010.
 
Cash payments of $13.1 million were made in 2010, and an additional $0.9 million was paid in the first quarter of 2011, related to an acquisition completed in 2009 based upon the achievement of performance targets in 2009, and an agreement to settle the 2010 earn-out amount. Refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information on these acquisitions.
 
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have $2.9 million of standby letters of credit outstanding under our revolving credit facility to satisfy performance guarantee requirements under certain customer contracts. While these obligations are not normally called, they could be called by the beneficiaries at any time before the expiration date, if we failed to meet certain contractual requirements. After deducting the outstanding letters of credit, at December 31, 2010 we had $38.2 million available for borrowing in the U.S. and $12.9 million available for borrowing in Canada under the revolving credit facility.
 
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
 
Following is a summary of our material contractual cash commitments as of December 31, 2010 (in thousands):
 
                                         
   
Payments due by period
 
          Less than
    1-3
    4-5
    After 5
 
   
Total
   
1 year
   
years
   
years
   
years
 
 
Purchase commitments (1)
  $ 50,724       50,379       345       -       -  
Long-term debt, excluding capital lease obligations (2)
    27,476       1,613       23,922       1,941       -  
Operating lease obligations
    20,942       4,639       7,307       5,181       3,815  
Acquisition costs for earn-out provisions
    944       944       -       -       -  
Uncertain tax positions
    3,410       3,410       -       -       -  
Deferred compensation agreements
    571       138       84       25       324  
 
(1) Purchase commitments primarily represent existing commitments under purchase orders or contracts to purchase inventory and raw materials for our products. Most of these purchase orders and contracts can be terminated for a fee that is either fixed or based on when termination occurs.
 
(2) Excludes interest payments on long-term debt. Future interest expense is unpredictable and varies depending on the level of borrowings outstanding, and the timing of repayments, and therefore has not been included in the above table. Interest payments in 2010 were approximately $1.7 million. There was approximately $40,000 of accrued interest as of December 31, 2010.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which often require the judgment of management in the selection and application of certain accounting principles and methods. We consider the following accounting policies to be critical to understanding our consolidated financial statements, because the application of these policies requires significant judgment on the part of management, and as a result, actual future developments may be different from those expected at the time that we make these critical judgments. We have discussed these critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee.
 
Revenue recognition
 
Revenue recognition for fixed-price, long-term development and production contracts is a critical accounting policy involving significant management estimates by D&S, and to a lesser extent at Aviation and Global Tracking. Long-term development and production contracts use the ratio of cost-incurred-to-date to total-estimated-cost-at-completion as the measure of performance that determines how much revenue should be recognized each period (“percentage-of-completion” method of accounting).
 
The determination of total estimated cost relies on estimates of the cost to complete the contract, with allowances for identifiable risks and uncertainties. If the estimated costs to complete the contract are revised
 
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in a future period, the amount of revenue recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting in the period of the change is affected by the revisions. If changes in estimates result in an increase in the estimated total cost of the contract, but not an overall loss on the contract, then revenue recognized-to-date will be adjusted accordingly based on the application of the percentage-of-completion method. If changes in estimates result in the total estimated cost-at-completion in excess of total contract value, the entire estimated loss is immediately recognized. Estimates are frequently reviewed and updated; however, unforeseen problems can occur to substantially reduce the future profitability of a contract.
 
Billings under a long-term development and production contracts are often subject to the accomplishment of contractual milestones or specified billing arrangements that are not directly related to the rate of costs being incurred under a contract. As a result, revenue recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for any particular period may vary from billings for the same period. As of December 31, 2010, we had recognized a cumulative total of $30.6 million in revenues under percentage-of-completion accounting, for which revenues were unbilled as of that date due to the billing criteria specified in the respective customer contracts. The amount expected to be billed and collected within twelve months is included in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on long-term contracts, a current asset, and the remaining amount is included in other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets. We had also recognized $8.6 million in billings in excess of contract costs and estimated earnings on long-term contracts, included in current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
 
Under cost-reimbursement contracts, D&S is reimbursed for its costs and receives a fixed fee and/or an award fee. Net sales under cost-reimbursement contracts are recorded as costs are incurred and include an estimate of fees earned under specific contract terms. Costs incurred include overhead, which is applied at rates approved by the customer. Fixed fees are earned ratably over the life of a contract as costs are incurred. Award fees are based upon achievement of objective criteria for technical product performance or delivery milestones, although such fees may also be based upon subjective criteria (for example, the customer’s qualitative assessment of our project management). In all cases related to award fee arrangements, we do not record revenue until the fee has been earned under the terms of the contract.
 
We recognize revenue from product-related service contracts and extended warranties ratably over the life of the contract. Amounts paid by customers at the inception of the service or extended warranty period are reflected as deferred revenue with the portion estimated to be recognized as revenue within the next twelve months reflected in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and the remainder reflected in other noncurrent liabilities. We recognize revenue from repair services and tracking, voice and data services as services are rendered. We recognize revenue from contracts for engineering services using the percentage-of-completion method for fixed price contracts, or as costs are incurred for cost-reimbursment type contracts.
 
Net sales are typically recognized when units are shipped or services are performed, unless multiple deliverables are involved or software is more than incidental to a product as a whole (mainly experienced at Aviation), in which case we recognize revenue in accordance with either ASC Subtopic 605-25, Revenue Recognition-Multiple-Element Arrangements, or ASC Subtopic 985-605, Software-Revenue Recognition, as applicable.
 
In a multiple-element revenue arrangement, we recognize revenue separately for each separate unit of accounting. To recognize revenue for an element that has been delivered when other elements within the arrangement have not been delivered, the delivered element must be determined to be a separate unit of accounting. For a delivered item to qualify as a separate unit of accounting, it must have standalone value apart from the undelivered item and there must be objective evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item. For software items, the undelivered item must have vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value. When a delivered item is considered to be a separate unit of accounting, the amount of revenue recognized upon delivery (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met) is generally based on an allocation of the arrangement consideration based on the relative fair value of the delivered item to the aggregate fair value of all deliverables. If we can not determine the fair value of the delivered item, we use the residual method to
 
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determine the amount of the arrangement consideration to allocate to the delivered item. When a delivered item is not considered a separate unit of accounting, revenue is deferred and generally recognized as the undelivered item qualifies for revenue recognition. The determination of the units of accounting and the allocation of arrangement consideration requires significant management judgment and estimation.
 
Net sales do not include sales tax collected.
 
Inventory valuation
 
We reduce the carrying amount of our inventory for estimated obsolete and slow-moving inventory to its estimated net realizable value based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments could be required. Such adjustments reduce the inventory’s cost basis, and the cost basis is not increased upon any subsequent increases in estimated net realizable value.
 
Evaluation of fair value measurements
 
We measure financial and non-financial assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. This guidance indicates that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the new guidance establishes a three-tier fair-value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
 
  •   Level 1 – Observable inputs consisting of quoted prices in active markets;
 
  •   Level 2 – Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
 
  •   Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
 
Business combinations
 
We account for business combinations in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). The provisions of ASC 805 were previously contained in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141(R), Business Combinations. These provisions require that identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be reported at fair value as of the acquisition date of a business combination. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, and are classified within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Costs associated with restructuring or exit activities of an acquired entity are also expensed when incurred. Contingent consideration in a business combination is recognized at fair value at the acquisition date as a liability or as equity. Subsequent adjustments of an amount recognized as a liability, including accretion of the discounted liability, are recognized in the statement of operations in determining net earnings.
 
ASC 805 requires that we recognize and measure deferred tax assets or liabilities arising from assets acquired and liabilities assumed in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, with appropriate allowances for uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. Subsequent changes to allowances for uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets after the measurement period are recognized as an adjustment to income tax expense.
 
An intangible asset is recognized as an asset apart from goodwill if it arises from contractual or other legal rights or if it is separable, that is, it is capable of being separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold,
 
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transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged. Goodwill is recognized as a result of a business combination to the extent the consideration transferred exceeds the acquisition-date amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC 805.
 
In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have indefinite useful lives are not being amortized, but instead are evaluated for impairment annually, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the asset might be impaired.
 
ASC 350 requires that if the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, further analysis is required to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, determined in accordance with ASC 350, is to be recognized as an impairment loss. The Company completes its annual evaluation of goodwill for impairment in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.
 
In accordance with ASC 350, intangible assets, other than those determined to have an indefinite life, are amortized to their estimated residual values on a straight-line basis, or on the basis of expected economic benefit, over their estimated useful lives. These intangible assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Subtopic 360-35, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by comparing its carrying amount to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. An asset to be disposed of would be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell and would no longer be depreciated. Cash flow projections, although subject to uncertainty, are based on management’s estimates of future performance, giving consideration to existing and anticipated competitive and economic conditions.
 
Evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment
 
We periodically review the carrying value of our long-lived assets for impairment. This review is based upon our projections of anticipated future cash flows. We record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those items. Our cash flow estimates are based on historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market and operating conditions. While we believe that our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding such cash flows could materially affect our evaluations. The net carrying amount of assets not recoverable are reduced to their fair value.
 
Evaluation of goodwill for impairment
 
We have four reporting units with goodwill from prior acquisitions reported on the balance sheet at December 31, 2010. In completing the annual test for impairment in the fourth quarter of 2010, the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with goodwill exceeded the carrying amount. The determination of estimated fair value includes a number of assumptions that drive the value and these assumptions inherently include a level of uncertainty. Future events, circumstances, or both, could have a negative effect on the fair value of any or all of the reporting units which could result in the fair value not exceeding the carrying amount in future tests. If this were to occur, we would be required to measure the amount, if any, of an impairment loss of goodwill.
 
In 2009 we recognized a loss on impairment of $19.9 million related to LXE. At December 31, 2010 only $1.9 million of goodwill remained on the balance sheet for LXE. For purposes of the goodwill impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2010, we determined that a detailed estimate of fair value was not required
 
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since the likelihood that the current fair value determination would be less than the carrying amount was remote.
 
The estimated fair value of both Satamatics ($23.4 million of goodwill at December 31, 2010) and Sky Connect ($11.0 million of goodwill at December 31, 2010) exceeded the carrying amount of the reporting unit by more than 25%. However, the estimated fair value of Formation ($24.1 million of goodwill at December 31, 2010) only exceeded its carrying amount by 4%.
 
Formation was recently acquired. At the acquisition date, the carrying amount of a reporting unit is equal to its purchase price. Therefore, a significant excess would generally not be expected for a recently acquired reporting unit. The key assumptions that drive the estimated fair value for Formation include future cash flows from operations, the discount rate applied to those future cash flows, determined from a weighted-average cost of capital calculation that includes management’s assessment of the risks inherent in the projected future cash flows, and EBITDA and revenue multiples using guideline comparable companies. The future cash flows include additional key assumptions relating to revenue growth rates, margins and costs. The estimated revenue growth rates for Formation are in excess of anticipated inflation and general industry forecasts in general since its revenues of these reporting units have been negatively impacted by the global economic environment in recent years in the Aviation sector, so we expect a recovery to impact revenues favorably. Furthermore, Formation operates in a growing market. In addition, Formation is introducing new products in the near future that we expect to be well received in the market. In the near term, we believe that Formation will see the impact of a rebounding economy over the next two years that will support such growth projections. Actual future results could differ materially from these estimates which could have a negative effect on fair value. Particularly, if the markets served do not expand as we expect, the fair value of one or more of our reporting units could be determined to be below the carrying amount.
 
Evaluation of contingencies related to discontinued operations
 
Prior to 2008, we disposed of S&T/Montreal, SatNet, and EMS Wireless, all of which have been reported as discontinued operations. The costs reported under discontinued operations in 2009 mainly related to the resolution of various contingencies, representations or warranties under standard indemnification provisions in the sales agreements. We record a liability related to a contingency, representation or warranty when management considers that the liability is both probable and can be reasonably estimated.
 
The purchaser of EMS Wireless asserted claims under such representations and warranties. The parties agreed to arbitration, which commenced in the third quarter of 2009. In March of 2010, we received an interim decision from the arbitrator on these claims awarding the purchaser a total of approximately $9.2 million under the warranty provisions of the purchase agreement. As a result, we accrued a liability for the award costs, based on the interim decision, in discontinued operations in 2009. In April 2010, the arbitrator issued the final decision awarding the purchaser of our former EMS Wireless division $8.6 million. Based on this final award, we reduced our estimated liability by $0.6 million in 2010. This favorable adjustment in discontinued operations was offset by additional charges related to estimated contingent liabilities associated with other divisions disposed of prior to 2008.
 
Participation payments
 
We occasionally make cash payments and other incentives under long-term contractual arrangements to customers in return for a secured position of one or more of our products on an aircraft program of a commercial aircraft manufacturer. Participation payments are capitalized as other assets if recovery is considered probable and objectively supportable. Participation payments are amortized as a reduction of net sales over the estimated number of production units to be shipped over the program’s production life which reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the participation payments are consumed. The carrying amount of participation payments is evaluated for recovery at least annually or when other indicators of impairment occur such as a change in the estimated number of units or the economics of the program. If such
 
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estimates change, amortization expense is adjusted prospectively and/or an impairment charge is recorded, as appropriate, for the effect of the revised estimates.
 
Risks inherent in recovering the carrying amount of the participation payments include, but are not limited to, the following:
 
  •     Changes in market conditions could affect product sales under a program. In particular, the commercial aerospace market has been historically cyclical and subject to downturns during periods of weak economic conditions, which could be prompted or exacerbated by political or other domestic or international events;
 
  •     Bankruptcy or other significant financial difficulties of our customers; and
 
  •     Our ability to produce products according to the customer’s design specifications.
 
While we believe our participation payments are recoverable over time, the cancellation of a program by a customer would represent the most significant factor affecting recovery. Due to the long-term nature of the procurement cycle and the significant investment to bring a program to market in the aerospace industry, we believe the likelihood of a customer or aircraft manufacturer abruptly cancelling a program is remote.
 
Income taxes
 
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to determine income taxes related to each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating current tax expense, together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet.
 
For all deferred tax assets that exist in relation to an uncertain tax position, we must determine the amount of that benefit to recognize in accordance with the recognition and measurement provisions of ASC Subtopic 740-10-05, Income Taxes. This determination requires judgments to be made regarding the likelihood that the position would be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position and estimates of the amount to be realized upon settlement. A portion of the unrecognized tax benefits that exist at December 31, 2010 would affect our effective tax rate in the future if recognized.
 
We must also assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction will be recovered from taxable income and, to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets. In determining the required level of valuation allowance, we consider whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This assessment is based on management’s expectations as to whether sufficient taxable income of an appropriate character will be realized within tax carryback and carryforward periods. Our assessment involves estimates and assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain, and unanticipated events or circumstances could cause actual results to differ from these estimates. Should we change our estimate of the amount of deferred tax assets that we would be able to realize, a change to the valuation allowance would result in an increase or decrease to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such change in estimate is made.
 
Our most significant amount of deferred tax assets relates to our Canadian operations, primarily from research-related tax benefits. A valuation allowance has been established for a portion of the Canadian deferred tax assets. We had reserved substantially all the net deferred tax assets associated with these research-related tax benefits because the extent to which these deferred income tax assets were to be realized in the future was uncertain. With the disposal of unprofitable operations beginning in 2005 and the improving profitability of continuing operations in Canada, we have reassessed the required amount of valuation allowance against our research-related deferred tax assets in Canada each year. We have made adjustments each year in which we concluded that it was more likely than not that additional tax benefits would be realized based on an
 
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assessment of all available evidence. The valuation allowance could be increased or decreased in the future, which would result in an income tax expense or benefit in future consolidated statements of operations. A benefit could result if profitability expectations for our Canadian operations increase.
 
We also have net deferred tax assets in the U.S., including net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards from acquired companies. We completed our assessment in 2010 and determined that no valuation allowance was necessary for those deferred tax assets based on a consideration of all available evidence about sources of taxable income. We will make an evaluation of the likelihood of realization each reporting period in the future, and we could determine that a valuation allowance is necessary against all, or a portion, of the these deferred tax assets.
 
Stock-based compensation
 
We measure compensation expense based on estimated fair values of all share-based awards to our employees and directors. We estimate the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires estimates and assumptions, including expected stock price volatility and expected term. Our estimated expected volatility is based on historical volatility of our stock over a period equal to the expected term. The expected term of options granted is based on historical data and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of an award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. We estimate future forfeitures based on historical experience and review such estimates periodically and adjust expense recognition accordingly.
 
Risk Factors and Forward-Looking Statements
 
The Company has included forward-looking statements in management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. Actual results could differ materially from those suggested in any forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to:
 
  •     economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad and their effect on capital spending in our principal markets;
 
  •     difficulty predicting the timing of receipt of major customer orders, and the effect of customer timing decisions on our results;
 
  •     our successful completion of technological development programs and the effects of technology that may be developed by, and patent rights that may be held or obtained by, competitors;
 
  •     U.S. defense budget pressures on near-term spending priorities;
 
  •     uncertainties inherent in the process of converting contract awards into firm contractual orders in the future;
 
  •     volatility of foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar and their effect on purchasing power by international customers, and on the cost structure of our operations outside the U.S., as well as the potential for realizing foreign exchange gains and losses associated with assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies;
 
  •     successful resolution of technical problems, proposed scope changes, or proposed funding changes that may be encountered on contracts;
 
  •     changes in our consolidated effective income tax rate caused by the extent to which actual taxable earnings in the U.S., Canada and other taxing jurisdictions may vary from expected taxable earnings, changes in tax laws, and the extent to which determined tax assets are considered realizable;
 
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  •     successful transition of products from development stages to an efficient manufacturing environment;
 
  •     changes in the rates at which our products are returned for repair or replacement under warranty;
 
  •     customer response to new products and services, and general conditions in our target markets (such as logistics and space-based communications) and whether these responses and conditions develop according to our expectations;
 
  •     the increased potential for asset impairment charges as unfavorable economic or financial market conditions or other developments might affect the estimated fair value of one or more of our business units;
 
  •     the success of certain of our customers in marketing our line of high-speed commercial airline communications products as a complementary offering with their own lines of avionics products;
 
  •     the availability of financing for various mobile and high-speed data communications systems;
 
  •     risk that the unsettled conditions in the credit markets may make it more difficult for some customers to obtain financing and adversely affect their ability to pay, which in turn could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition;
 
  •     development of successful working relationships with local business and government personnel in connection with distribution and manufacture of products in foreign countries;
 
  •     the demand growth of various mobile and high-speed data communications services;
 
  •     our ability to attract and retain qualified senior management and other personnel, particularly those with key technical skills;
 
  •     our ability to effectively integrate our acquired businesses, products or technologies into our existing businesses and products, and the risk that any such acquired businesses, products or technologies do not perform as expected, are subject to undisclosed or unanticipated liabilities, or are otherwise dilutive to our earnings;
 
  •     the potential effects, on cash and results of discontinued operations, of final resolution of potential liabilities under warranties and representations that we made, and obligations assumed by purchasers, in connection with our dispositions of discontinued operations;
 
  •     the availability, capabilities and performance of suppliers of basic materials, electronic components and sophisticated subsystems on which we must rely in order to perform according to contract requirements, or to introduce new products on the desired schedule;
 
  •     uncertainties associated with U.S. export controls and the export license process, which restrict our ability to hold technical discussions with customers, suppliers and internal engineering resources and can reduce our ability to obtain sales from customers outside the U.S. or to perform contracts with the desired level of efficiency or profitability;
 
  •     Our ability to maintain compliance with the requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Federal Communications Commission, and with other government regulations affecting our products and their production, service and functioning; and
 
  •     Costs associated with a recent shareholder announcement that it intends to nominate four directors to our Board.
 
Additional information concerning these and other potential risk factors is included in Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Risk Factors.”
 
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Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements
 
—  Recently Issued Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
 
In October 2009 the FASB issued two accounting standards updates (“ASU”) that could result in revenue being recognized earlier in certain revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables. Both updates are effective for us in the first quarter of 2011. We are evaluating the effect the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements. We do not currently anticipate that the adoption will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements since historically we have not had significant aggregate deferrals of revenue related to multiple-element arrangements for which revenue would be recognized earlier under the new ASUs. However, since we expect to adopt these ASUs on a prospective basis, the effect will depend on the specific types of multiple-element arrangements into which we enter in the future and the terms and conditions contained therein.
 
ASU 2009-13, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, amends the accounting for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables. Among other things, ASU 2009-13:
 
  •     Eliminates the requirement for objective evidence of fair value of an undelivered item for treatment of the delivered item as a separate unit of accounting;
 
  •     Requires use of the relative selling price method for allocating total consideration to elements of the arrangement instead of the relative-fair-value method or the residual method;
 
  •     Allows the use of an estimated selling price for any element within the arrangement to allocate consideration to individual elements when vendor-specific objective evidence or other third party evidence of selling price do not exist; and
 
  •     Expands the required disclosures.
 
ASU 2009-14, Software – Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements, amends the guidance for revenue arrangements that contain tangible products and software elements. ASU 2009-14 redefines the scope of arrangements that fall within software revenue recognition guidance by specifically excluding tangible products that contain software components that function together to deliver the essential functionality of the tangible product.
 
Under current guidance, products that contain software that is more than incidental to the product as a whole fall within the scope of software revenue recognition guidance, which requires, among other things, the existence of vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value of all undelivered items to allow a delivered item to be treated as a separate unit of accounting. Such tangible products excluded from the requirements of software revenue recognition requirements under ASU 2009-14 would follow the revenue recognition requirements for other revenue arrangements, including the new requirements for multiple-deliverable arrangements contained in ASU 2009-13.
 
In April 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-17, Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition, which provides guidance on defining a milestone and determining when it may be appropriate to apply the milestone method of revenue recognition for research and development arrangements in which one or more payments are contingent upon achieving uncertain future events or circumstances. This update is effective for us in the first quarter of 2011. We are evaluating the effect, if any, the adoption will have on our consolidated financial statements.
 
Refer to Note 1 of our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report for additional information on accounting changes recently adopted, and recently issued pronouncements not yet adopted.
 
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
As of December 31, 2010, we had the following market-risk sensitive instruments (in thousands):
 
         
Government-obligations money market funds, other money market instruments, and interest-bearing time deposits, with maturity dates of less than 3 months interest payable monthly at variable rates (a weighted-average rate of 0.95% at December 31, 2010)
  $ 24,472  
Revolving credit agreement with U.S. and Canadian banks, maturing in February 2013, interest payable quarterly at a variable rate (3.75% at December 31, 2010)
  $ 21,000  
 
A 100 basis point change in the interest rates of our market-risk sensitive instruments would have changed interest income by approximately $181,000 for the year based upon their respective average outstanding balances.
 
Our revolving credit agreement includes variable interest rates based on the lead bank’s prime rate or the then- published LIBOR for the applicable borrowing period. As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately $21.0 million of borrowings outstanding in the U.S., and no borrowings outstanding in Canada under our revolving credit agreement. A 100 basis point change in the interest rate on our revolving credit agreement would have changed interest expense by approximately $230,000 for the year based upon the average outstanding borrowings under these obligations.
 
At December 31, 2010, we also had intercompany accounts that eliminate in consolidation but that are considered market-risk sensitive instruments because they are denominated in a currency other than the local functional currency. These include short-term amounts due to the parent (payable by international subsidiaries arising from purchase of the parent’s products for sale), intercompany sales of products from foreign subsidiaries to a U.S. subsidiary, cash advances to foreign subsidiaries, and intercompany payables between subsidiaries.
 
                         
          Exchange Rate
       
          Functional
       
          Currency per
    USD
 
Currency
  Functional
    Denominated
    Equivalent
 
Denomination   Currency     Currency     (in thousands)  
   
 
USD
    AUD       0.9786     $      3,934  
USD
    CAD       0.9946       1,896  
USD
    EUR       0.7479       1,849  
GBP
    EUR       1.1647       1,632  
USD
    SEK       6.7204       1,342  
SEK
    EUR       0.1113       901  
EUR
    GBP       0.8586       283  
USD
    GBP       0.6411       195  
Other currencies
                    184  
                         
                    $ 12,216  
                         
 
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We had accounts receivable and accounts payable balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the local entity at December 31, 2010 as follows:
 
                         
          Exchange Rate
       
          Functional
       
          Currency per
    USD
 
Currency
  Functional
    Denominated
    Equivalent
 
Denomination   Currency     Currency     (in thousands)  
   
 
Accounts Receivable
                       
USD
    CAD       0.9946     $      15,619  
USD
    EUR       0.7479       1,046  
GBP
    EUR       1.1647       456  
USD
    SEK       6.7204       387  
EUR
    CAD       1.3319       278  
EUR
    GBP       0.8586       259  
Other currencies
                    174  
                         
                    $ 18,219  
                         
Accounts Payable
                       
USD
    CAD       0.9946     $ 949  
GBP
    USD       1.5598       227  
Other currencies
                    220  
                         
                    $ 1,396  
                         
 
We also had cash accounts denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the local entity at December 31, 2010 as follows:
 
                         
          Exchange Rate
       
          Functional
       
          Currency per
    USD
 
Currency
  Functional
    Denominated
    Equivalent
 
Denomination   Currency     Currency     (in thousands)  
   
 
USD
    CAD       0.9946     $        2,311  
GBP
    CAD       1.5513       2,210  
GBP
    USD       1.5598       936  
AUD
    CAD       1.0180       412  
EUR
    CAD       1.3319       320  
Other currencies
                    897  
                         
                    $ 7,086  
                         
 
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We enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts in order to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations on future fair values of foreign denominated assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2010, we had forward contracts as follows (in thousands, except average contract rate):
 
                         
        Average
  Fair
    Notional
  Contract
  Value
   
Amount
 
Rate
 
(USD)
 
Foreign currency forward contracts:
                       
U.S. dollars (sell for Canadian dollars)
    18,500 USD       1.0197     $           467  
 
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
Information required for this item is contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included immediately after the Signature Page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by this reference.
 
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
None.
 
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
 
(a) Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer(“CFO”), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. A controls system cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, errors and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
 
The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2010, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls were effective as of December 31, 2010.
 
(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements for external purposes, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Management conducted its evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010 using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, and concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010 based on these criteria.
 
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KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company, has issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The report is included in Item 9A.(d) under the heading Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2010 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a – 15(f) under the Exchange Act).
 
(d) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
EMS Technologies, Inc.:
 
We have audited EMS Technologies, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Item 9A.(b)). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
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In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of EMS Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010, and our report dated March 15, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
 
/s/  KPMG LLP
 
Atlanta, Georgia
March 15, 2011
 
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Item 9B. Other Information.
 
None.
 
PART III
 
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
 
The information concerning directors and the Audit Committee financial expert called for by this Item will be contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
We have a written Code of Business Ethics and Conduct that applies to our directors and to all of our employees, including our CEO and CFO. Our Code of Business Ethics and Conduct has been distributed to all employees, is available free of charge on our website at www.ems-t.com, under the link for “Investor Relations.”
 
The information concerning executive officers called for by this Item is set forth under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Item 1 hereof.
 
Item 11. Executive Compensation
 
The information called for by this Item will be contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
 
The following table sets forth certain information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2010:
 
                         
                (c)
 
    (a)
          Number of securities
 
    Number of securities
    (b)
    remaining available for
 
    to be issued upon
    Weighted average
    future issuance under
 
    exercise of
    exercise price of
    equity compensation
 
    outstanding options,
    outstanding options,
    (excluding securities
 
Plan Category
 
warrants and rights
   
warrants and rights
   
reflected in column(a))
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
    1,074,734     $ 19.18       1,290,350  
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
    82,700       17.43       0  
                         
Total
    1,157,434     $ 19.06       1,290,350  
                         
 
All other information called for by this Item will be contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
 
The information called for by this Item will be contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
Information on the Audit Committee’s pre-approval policy for the independent registered public accounting firm’s services, and information on the principal accountants’ fees and services called for by this Item will be contained in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
PART IV
 
Item 15.   Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
 
(a) 1. Financial Statements
 
The consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, appearing immediately after the Signature Page, are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedule
 
Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts - Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
 
All other schedules are omitted as the required information is inapplicable, or the information is presented in the financial statements or related notes.
 
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SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (in thousands):
 
                                         
    Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
        Additions
           
    Balance at
  charged to
          Balance
    beginning
  costs and
          at end
Classification
  of year   expenses   Deductions   Other   of year
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:
                                       
2008
  $ 1,104       333       (653 )(a)     72 (b)     856  
2009
    856       921       (679 )(a)     110 (b)     1,208  
2010
    1,208       661       (480 )(a)     -       1,389  
Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets:
                                       
2008
  $ 49,094       -       (20,545 )(c)     -       28,549  
2009
    28,549       -       -       9,302 (d)     37,851  
2010
    37,851       -       -       2,874 (e)     40,725  
 
(a) Deductions represent receivables that were charged off to the allowance or recovered during the year.
 
(b) Includes the balances at the date of acquisition for new businesses acquired during 2008 and 2009.
 
(c) The decrease in the valuation allowance in 2008 was attributable primarily to utilization of carryforwards with current period taxable income ($4.1 million), reduction of existing carryforwards as a result of revisions to amounts available ($5.9 million), the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates ($9.2 million) and a release of a portion of the beginning-of-the-year valuation allowance based on revisions to projected taxable income in the relatively near term ($1.3 million), supported by actual continuing profitability in the past several years.
 
(d) The valuation allowance increase in 2009 was attributable primarily to Canada including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates ($4.3 million), revaluing the deferred tax asset to reflect future lower tax rates in the period the asset will be includable in taxable income ($3.5 million), the generation of additional deferred tax assets ($5.1 million), and revision in estimate of prior year deferred tax assets ($7.4 million). These increases were partially offset by utilization of carry forwards with current period taxable income ($9.3 million) and a revision in estimated utilization of deferred tax assets in the prior year ($4.9 million). The remaining increase is due to business acquisitions and other jurisdictions with deferred tax assets for which realization is not more likely than not.
 
(e) The valuation allowance increased by $2.9 million in 2010. The primary driver of the increase was the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the Canadian valuation allowance. The valuation allowance also increased since the tax benefits of losses in 2010 in certain other jurisdictions could not be recognized.
 
a) 3. Exhibits
 
The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:
 
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of December 11, 2008, by and among EMS Technologies, Inc., EMS Acquisitions, Inc., Formation, Inc., and Nim Evatt solely as Stockholder Representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Report on Form 8-K dated January 9, 2009).
 
2.2 Share Purchase Agreement dated as of November 20, 2008, by and among the Company, EMS Acquisition Company Limited, Satamatics Global Limited, and other various parties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Report on Form 8-K dated February 13, 2009).
 
3.1 Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of EMS Technologies, Inc., effective March 22, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 4, 2009).
 
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3.2 Bylaws of EMS Technologies, Inc. as amended and restated through November 5, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 2, 2010).
 
4.1 Third amendment, dated April 21, 2009, to Credit Agreement among EMS Technologies, Inc. and EMS Technologies Canada, LTD., the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America as Domestic and Canadian Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009).
 
4.2 Second amendment dated February 13, 2009, to EMS Technologies, Inc.’s Credit Agreement, dated as of February 29, 2008, among EMS Technologies, Inc. and EMS Technologies Canada, LTD., the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America as Domestic and Canadian Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 4, 2009).
 
4.3 EMS Technologies, Inc. Shareholder Rights Plan as amended and restated as of January 4, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our report on Form 8-A/A dated January 7, 2011).
 
4.4 Waiver agreement, dated March 31, 2010, to Credit Agreement among EMS Technologies, Inc. and EMS Technologies Canada, Inc. and Bank of America as Domestic and Canadian Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2010).
 
4.5 First amendment, dated July 29, 2008, to Credit Agreement among the Company and EMS Technologies Canada, LTD., the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America as Domestic and Canadian Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 27, 2008).
 
4.6 Credit Agreement, dated as of February 29, 2008, among the Company and EMS Technologies Canada, LTD., the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America as Domestic and Canadian Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K dated March 6, 2008).
 
4.7 Domestic Revolving Note, dated February 29, 2008, issued by the Company, pursuant to the credit agreement dated as of February 29, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
4.8 Domestic Pledge Agreement, dated February 29, 2008, issued by the Company, pursuant to the credit agreement dated as of February 29, 2008(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
4.9 Domestic Security Agreement, dated February 29, 2008, issued by the Company, pursuant to the credit agreement dated as of February 29, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
4.10 Canadian Revolving Note, dated February 29, 2008, issued by the Company, pursuant to the credit agreement dated as of February 29, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
4.11 Canadian Pledge Agreement, dated February 29, 2008, issued by the Company, pursuant to the credit agreement dated as of February 29, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
4.12 Canadian Security Agreement, dated February 29, 2008, issued by the Company, pursuant to the credit agreement dated as of February 29, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
10.1 Summary of compensation arrangements with non-employee members of the Board of Directors, as revised on December 5, 2010. *
 
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10.2 Compensation Arrangements with Certain Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2010).
 
10.3 Letter dated July 30, 2010 between the Company and Marion Van Fosson concerning the terms of his employment as General Manager of D&S (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 2, 2010).
 
10.4 Form of Agreement between the Company and each of its executive officers, related to certain change-of-control events (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
 
10.5 Form of Amendment, dated December 15, 2008, to Agreement between the Company and each of its executive officers other than the Chief Executive Officer, related to certain change-of-control events (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
10.6 EMS Technologies, Inc. Officers’ Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated October 30, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
10.7 EMS Technologies, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended and restated October 30, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
10.8 Form of Restricted Stock Award Memo evidencing shares of stock issued, subject to certain restrictions, to employees under the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, together with related Terms of Restricted Stock, Form 5-02-08 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
10.9 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted automatically to non-employee members of the Board of Directors upon their initial election to the Board, under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
 
10.10 EMS Technologies, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, effective May 18, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2007).
 
10.11 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted automatically to non-employee members of the Board of Directors, upon each election to an additional one-year term of service, under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, together with related Terms of Director Stock Option, Form 5-18-07 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
 
10.12 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted to executive officers under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, together with related Term of Officer Stock Options, Form 5/18/07 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
 
10.13 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of its directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
10.14 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of Timothy C. Reis, Gary B. Shell, Neilson A. Mackay and the Company’s Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
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10.15 EMS Technologies, Inc. Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated May 18, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007).
 
10.16 Form of Restricted Stock Award Restriction Agreement under the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, entered between the Company and Gary B. Shell, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and in substantially similar form with its Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer and one of its non-executive employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
 
10.17 Severance Agreement dated December 2, 2010, between EMS Technologies, Inc. and Nim Evatt. *
 
10.18 Severance Agreement dated August 17, 2009, and effective September 17, 2009, between EMS Technologies, Inc. and David A. Smith (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Report on Form 8-K dated September 17, 2009).
 
10.19 EMS Technologies, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as adopted January 24, 1997, and amended through May 10, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 2004).
 
10.20 Form of Restricted Stock Award Restriction Agreement, dated July 28, 2006, under the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, entered between the Company and Neilson A. Mackay, Executive Vice President of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006).
 
10.21 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted after 2000 (other than in 2005) to executive officers under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, together with related Terms of Officer Stock Option, Form 1/25/01 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
 
10.22 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted in 2005 to executive officers under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, together with related Terms of Officer Stock Option, Form 1/25/01 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
 
10.23 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted automatically to non-employee members of the Board of Directors, upon each election to an additional one-year term of service, under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
 
10.24 EMS Technologies, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
 
10.25 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted in 2005 to employees under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, together with related Terms of Stock Option, Form 02/16/00 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
 
10.26 Form of Stock Option Agreement evidencing options granted (other than in 2005) to employees under the EMS Technologies, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, together with related Terms of Stock Option, Form 02/16/00 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
 
10.27 Letter dated March 19, 2007 concerning compensation arrangements with President and Chief Executive Officer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007).
 
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18 Preferability letter from KPMG on change in date of annual goodwill impairment testing performed by the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 18 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009).
 
21.1 Subsidiaries of the registrant. *
 
23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. *
 
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
 
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
 
32 Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
 
*  Filed herewith
 
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
     
EMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
   
     
By: /s/ Neilson A. Mackay
President and Chief Executive Officer
  Date: 3/15/2011
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
             
Signature   Title   Date
 
         
/s/  Neilson A. Mackay

Neilson A. Mackay
  President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)   3/15/2011
         
/s/  Gary B. Shell

Gary B. Shell
  Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)   3/15/2011
         
/s/  David M. Sheffield

David M. Sheffield
  Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)   3/15/2011
         
/s/  John R. Bolton

John R. Bolton
  Director   3/15/2011
         
/s/  Hermann Buerger

Hermann Buerger
  Director   3/15/2011
         
/s/  Joseph D. Burns

Joseph D. Burns
  Director   3/15/2011
         
/s/  John R. Kreick

John R. Kreick
  Director   3/15/2011
         
/s/  John B. Mowell

John B. Mowell
  Director, Chairman of the Board   3/15/2011
         
/s/  Thomas W. O’Connell

Thomas W. O’Connell
  Director   3/15/2011
         
/s/  Bradford W. Parkinson

Bradford W. Parkinson
  Director   3/15/2011
         
/s/  Norman E. Thagard

Norman E. Thagard
  Director   3/15/2011
         
/s/  John L. Woodward, Jr.

John L. Woodward, Jr.
  Director   3/15/2011
 
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
EMS Technologies, Inc.:
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of EMS Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010. (In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the financial statement schedule included in Item 15(a)2.) These consolidated financial statements (and financial statement schedule) are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements (and financial statement schedule) based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of EMS Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. (Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.)
 
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for business combinations in 2009 due to the adoption of SFAS 141(R), Business Combinations (incorporated into ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations).
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), EMS Technologies, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 15, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
/s/ KPMG LLP
 
Atlanta, Georgia
March 15, 2011
 
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    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Product net sales
  $   297,354         281,153         273,268  
Service net sales
    57,871       78,819       61,777  
                         
Net sales
    355,225       359,972       335,045  
Product cost of sales
    201,206       194,443       175,837  
Service cost of sales
    24,500       47,637       38,048  
                         
Cost of sales
    225,706       242,080       213,885  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    90,080       86,481       81,426  
Research and development expenses
    20,970       18,947       20,110  
Impairment loss on goodwill and related charges
    384       19,891       -  
Acquistion-related items
    563       7,206       -  
                         
Operating income (loss)
    17,522       (14,633 )     19,624  
Interest income
    498       207       2,430  
Interest expense
    (1,904 )     (2,181 )     (1,679 )
Foreign exchange loss, net
    (192 )     (808 )     (586 )
                         
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    15,924       (17,415 )     19,789  
Income tax (expense) benefit
    (1,859 )     4,266       682  
                         
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations
    14,065       (13,149 )     20,471  
Discontinued operations:
                       
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
    -       (10,917 )     -  
Income tax benefit
    -       4,001       -  
                         
Loss from discontinued operations
    -       (6,916 )     -  
                         
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 14,065       (20,065 )     20,471  
                         
Net earnings (loss) per share:
                       
Basic:
                       
From continuing operations
  $ 0.93       (0.87 )     1.32  
From discontinued operations
    -       (0.45 )     -  
                         
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 0.93       (1.32 )     1.32  
                         
Diluted:
                       
From continuing operations
  $ 0.92       (0.87 )     1.31  
From discontinued operations
    -       (0.45 )     -  
                         
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 0.92       (1.32 )     1.31  
                         
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
                       
Basic
    15,191       15,169       15,452  
Diluted
    15,250       15,169       15,628  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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EMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
 
                 
    December 31  
    2010     2009  
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $   55,938            47,174  
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful account of $1,389 in 2010 and $1,208 in 2009
    68,691       60,959  
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on long-term contracts
    21,980       25,290  
Inventories
    41,649       40,655  
Deferred income taxes
    3,891       4,306  
Other current assets
    7,319       19,117  
                 
Total current assets
    199,468       197,501  
                 
Property, plant and equipment:
               
Land
    1,150       1,150  
Buildings and leasehold improvements
    19,115       18,792  
Machinery and equipment
    117,855       107,712  
Furniture and fixtures
    10,850       10,542  
                 
Total property, plant and equipment
    148,970       138,196  
Less accumulated depreciation
    100,587       90,256  
                 
Net property, plant and equipment
    48,383       47,940  
Deferred income taxes
    11,845       9,421  
Goodwill
    60,474       60,336  
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $28,079 in 2010 and $18,817 in 2009
    41,319       49,256  
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on long-term contracts
    8,611       7,771  
Other assets
    2,844       1,920  
                 
Total assets
  $ 372,944       374,145  
                 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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EMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS,
continued
(in thousands, except share data)
 
                 
    December 31  
    2010     2009  
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities:
               
Current installments of long-term debt
  $ 1,496       1,398  
Accounts payable
    24,979       27,333  
Billings in excess of contract costs and estimated earnings on long-term contracts
    8,593       7,100  
Accrued compensation and retirement costs
    20,626       13,946  
Deferred service revenue
    10,897       11,670  
Contingent consideration arrangement liability
    944       13,729  
Other current liabilities
    6,002       23,763  
                 
Total current liabilities
    73,537       98,939  
Long-term debt, excluding current installments
    27,476       26,352  
Deferred income taxes
    4,859       5,757  
Other liabilities
    10,052       6,006  
                 
Total liabilities
    115,924       137,054  
                 
Shareholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock of $1.00 par value per share; Authorized 10,000 shares; none issued
    -       -  
Common stock of $.10 par value per share; Authorized 75,000 shares, issued and outstanding 15,311 in 2010 and 15,249 in 2009
    1,531       1,525  
Additional paid-in capital
    138,138       136,112  
Accumulated other comprehensive income – foreign currency translation adjustment
    9,898       6,066  
Retained earnings
    107,453       93,388  
                 
Total shareholders’ equity
    257,020       237,091  
                 
Commitments and contingencies
               
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 372,944       374,145  
                 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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EMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
                         
    Years Ended December 31  
(in thousands)   2010     2009     2008  
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                       
Net earnings (loss)
  $ 14,065     $ (20,065 )     20,471  
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    19,545       19,989       12,498  
Impairment loss on goodwill
    -       19,891       -  
Deferred income taxes
    (2,512 )     (4,629 )     (2,400 )
Gain (loss) on sale of assets
    120       78       (64 )
Loss from discontinued operations
    -       6,916       -  
Stock-based compensation expense
    1,957       2,470       2,339  
Tax benefit for exercise of stock options
    1       133       203  
Change in fair value of contingent cosideration liability
    304       3,229       -  
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
    -       (23 )     (75 )
Payment for acquisition of businesses under contingent consideration arrangements
    (3,260 )     -       -  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
                       
Trade accounts receivable
    (7,656 )     12,575       (5,584 )
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on long-term contracts
    3,246       1,628       (7,991 )
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on long-term contracts
    1,707       1,062       1,582  
Inventories
    (446 )     6,957       (7,801 )
Accounts payable
    (3,034 )     (5,026 )     1,076  
Income taxes
    3,881       893       (993 )
Deferred revenue
    3,524       (31 )     3,588  
Accrued compesation and retirement costs
    6,543       (1,994 )     819  
Other
    1,092       (1,786 )     (1,217 )
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities in continuing operations
    39,077       42,267       16,451  
Net cash used in operating activities in discontinued operations
    (12,574 )     (555 )     -  
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    26,503       41,712       16,451  
                         
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    (10,954 )     (13,433 )     (13,869 )
Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
    -       (87,264 )     (32,354 )
Proceeds from sales of assets
    305       58       1,371  
                         
Net cash used in investing activities
    (10,649 )     (100,639 )     (44,852 )
                         
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
Net borrowings under revolving credit facility
    2,500       18,500       -  
Repayment of other debt
    (1,276 )     (1,294 )     (3,159 )
Deferred financing costs paid
    (27 )     (251 )     (1,254 )
Payment for acquisition of business under contingent consideration arrangement
    (9,829 )     -       -  
Payments for repurchase and retirement of common shares
    (61 )     (374 )     (9,963 )
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
    -       23       75  
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
    135       620       925  
                         
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (8,558 )     17,224       (13,376 )
                         
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
    1,468       1,898       (5,203 )
                         
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    8,764       (39,805 )     (46,980 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    47,174       86,979       133,959  
                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 55,938     $ 47,174       86,979  
                         
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
                       
Cash paid for interest
  $ 1,729     $ 1,839       1,094  
Cash paid for income taxes
    768       983       2,289  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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    Three Years Ended December 31, 2010  
                            Accum-
             
                            ulated
             
                            other
             
                      Compre-
    compre-
          Total
 
                Additional
    hensive
    hensive
          share-
 
    Common Stock     paid-in
    income
    income
    Retained
    holders’
 
    Shares     Amount     capital     (loss)     (loss)     earnings     equity  
 
Balance, December 31, 2007
    15,581     $ 1,558       139,727               12,859       92,982       247,126  
Net earnings
    -       -       -       20,471       -       20,471       20,471  
Tax benefit for exercise of stock options
    -       -       203       -       -       -       203  
Exercise of common stock options
    56       6       989       -       -       -       995  
Redemption of shares upon exercise of common stock options
    (3 )     -       (70 )     -       -       -       (70 )
Repurchases of common stock
    (480 )     (48 )     (9,915 )     -       -       -       (9,963 )
Stock-based compensation
    34       3       2,336       -       -       -       2,339  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       -       -       (18,359 )     (18,359 )     -       (18,359 )
                                                         
Comprehensive income for 2008
                            2,112                          
                                                         
Balance, December 31, 2008
    15,188       1,519       133,270               (5,500 )     113,453       242,742  
Net loss
    -       -       -       (20,065 )     -       (20,065 )     (20,065 )
Tax benefit for exercise of stock options
    -       -       133       -       -       -       133  
Exercise of common stock options
    48       5       663       -       -       -       668  
Redemption of shares upon exercise of common stock options
    (2 )     -       (47 )     -       -       -       (47 )
Repurchases of common stock
    (27 )     (3 )     (373 )     -       -       -       (376 )
Stock-based compensation
    42       4       2,466       -       -       -       2,470  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       -       -       11,566       11,566       -       11,566  
                                                         
Comprehensive loss for 2009
                            (8,499 )                        
                                                         
Balance, December 31, 2009
    15,249       1,525       136,112               6,066       93,388       237,091  
Net earnings
    -       -       -       14,065       -       14,065       14,065  
Tax benefit for exercise of stock options
    -       -       1       -       -       -       1  
Exercise of common stock options
    9       1       134       -       -       -       135  
Repurchases of common stock
    (4 )     -       (61 )     -       -       -       (61 )
Stock-based compensation
    57       5       1,952       -       -       -       1,957  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       -       -       3,832       3,832       -       3,832  
                                                         
Comprehensive income for 2010
                            17,897                          
                                                         
Balance December 31, 2010
    15,311     $ 1,531       138,138               9,898       107,453       257,020  
                                                         
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
 
(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
EMS Technologies, Inc. (“EMS”) designs, manufactures and markets products of wireless connectivity solutions over satellite and terrestrial networks. EMS keeps people and systems connected, wherever they are – on land, at sea, in the air or in space. EMS’s products and services are focused on the needs of the mobile information user, with an increasing emphasis on broadband applications for high-data-rate, high-capacity wireless communications. EMS’s products and services enable universal mobility, visibility and intelligence.
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of EMS Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries, each of which is a wholly owned subsidiary of EMS (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. There are no other entities controlled by the Company, either directly or indirectly. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2010 presentation.
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and are based on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Regulation S-X and its instructions to Form 10-K. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and reporting of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual future results could differ materially from those estimates. We have also performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued.
 
Following is a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies:
 
— Revenue Recognition
 
Net sales are derived from sales of the Company’s products to end-users, value-added resellers, other manufacturers or systems integrators and distributors; services to support such products; and design and development arrangements under specific requirements of customer contracts. Net sales are generally recognized when completed units are shipped and as services are performed, unless multiple deliverables are involved or software is more than incidental to a product as a whole, in which case the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codificationtm (“ASC”) Subtopic 605-25, Revenue Recognition-Multiple-Element Arrangements, or ASC Subtopic 985-605, Software-Revenue Recognition, as applicable. The Company recognizes revenue from product-related service contracts and extended warranties ratably over the life of the contract. Amounts paid by customers at the inception of the service or extended warranty period are reflected as deferred revenue with the portion estimated to be recognized as revenue within the next twelve months reflected in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and the remainder reflected in other noncurrent liabilities. The Company recognizes revenue from repair services and tracking, voice and data services as services are rendered. The Company recognizes revenue from contracts for engineering services using the percentage-of-completion method for fixed price contracts, or generally as costs are incurred for cost-type contracts.
 
Net sales under certain long-term development and production contracts, many of which provide for periodic payments, are recognized under the percentage-of-completion method using the ratio of cost incurred to total estimated cost as the measure of performance. Estimated costs at completion for these contracts are reviewed on a routine periodic basis, and adjustments are made to the estimated costs at completion based on actual costs incurred, progress made, and estimates of the costs required to complete the contractual requirements. When the estimated cost-at-completion exceeds the contract value, the entire estimated loss is immediately recognized.
 
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In applying the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, certain contracts may have revenue recognized in excess of billings (costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings), and other contracts may have billings in excess of revenue recognized (billings in excess of contract costs and estimated earnings). Under long-term development and production contracts, the prerequisites for billing the customer for periodic payments generally involve the Company’s achievement of contractually specific, objective milestones (e.g., completion of design, testing, or other engineering phase, delivery of test data or other documentation or delivery of an engineering model or flight hardware). Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings under long-term contracts are usually billed and collected within one year. Such amounts are reflected in current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The amounts estimated to be collected after one year of $8.6 million as of December 31, 2010, and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2009 are included in other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
Under cost-reimbursement contracts, the Company is reimbursed for its costs and receives a fixed fee and/or an award fee. A fixed fee is recognized as revenue over the performance of the contract in the same ratio as the costs incurred to date to the total target contract costs at completion. This ratio is also used for billing the customer. Estimated costs at completion for these contracts are reviewed and revised on a routine periodic basis, and adjustments are made to the fixed fee ratio and the fee recognized as revenue accordingly. If the contract includes a clause for partial withholding of the fee pending specific acceptance or performance criteria, then the amount of withheld fee to be recognized will depend upon management’s evaluation of the likelihood of the withheld fee amount being paid. An award fee is usually variable based upon specific performance criteria stated in the contract. Award fees are recognized only upon achieving the contractual criteria and after the customer has approved or granted the award.
 
In a multiple-element revenue arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue separately for each separate unit of accounting. To recognize revenue for an element that has been delivered when other elements within the arrangement have not been delivered, the delivered element must be determined to be a separate unit of accounting. For a delivered item to qualify as a separate unit of accounting, it must have standalone value apart from the undelivered item, and there must be objective evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item. For arrangements that include software that is more than incidental, the undelivered item must have vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value. When a delivered item is considered to be a separate unit of accounting, the amount of revenue recognized upon delivery (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met) is generally an allocation of the arrangement consideration based on the relative fair value of the delivered item to the aggregate fair value of all deliverables. If the Company cannot determine the fair value of the delivered item, the residual method is used to determine the amount of the arrangement consideration to allocate to the delivered item. When a delivered item is not considered a separate unit of accounting, revenue is deferred and generally recognized as the undelivered item qualifies for revenue recognition.
 
— Customer-Funded Development Arrangements
 
Occasionally, a customer will fund a portion of a design and development project that the Company is conducting. The Company recognizes the costs under such development programs as an expense as incurred, except to the extent that a contractual guarantee of reimbursement exists, in which case such costs are recognized as an asset as incurred. The Company considers reimbursement to be contractually guaranteed only under a legally enforceable agreement in which the amount of reimbursement can be objectively measured and verified. The Company only capitalizes such costs if the likelihood of the project being successfully completed to the customer’s specification is considered probable. Reimbursements expected within twelve months are reflected in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheet and remaining amounts are reflected in noncurrent assets.
 
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— Government Research Incentives
 
Government-sponsored research incentives are received in the form of cash reimbursement for a portion of certain qualified research expenditures. These incentives are recorded as other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets when the qualified expenditures are made.
 
— Participation Payments
 
The Company occasionally makes cash payments and provides other incentives under long-term contractual arrangements to customers in return for a secured position of one or more of the Company’s products on an aircraft program of a commercial aircraft manufacturer. Participation payments are capitalized as other assets if recovery is considered probable and objectively supportable. Participation payments are amortized as a reduction of net sales over the estimated number of production units to be shipped over the program’s production life which reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the participation payments are consumed. The carrying amount of participation payments is evaluated for recovery at least annually or when other indicators of impairment occur such as a change in the estimated number of units or the economics of the program. If such estimates change, amortization expense is adjusted prospectively and/or an impairment charge is recorded, as appropriate, for the effect of the revised estimates.
 
— Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with initial or remaining maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 included investments of $24.5 million and $18.2 million, respectively, in government-obligations money market funds, in other money market instruments, and in interest-bearing deposits.
 
— Inventories
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market (net realizable value). Work-in-process consists of raw material and production costs, including indirect manufacturing costs. We reduce the carrying amount of our inventory for estimated obsolete and slow-moving inventory to its estimated net realizable value based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments could be required. Such adjustments reduce the inventory’s cost basis, and the cost basis is not increased upon any subsequent increases in estimated net realizable value.
 
— Property, Plant and Equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets which are as follows:
 
     
Buildings
  20 to 40 years
Machinery and equipment
  3 to 8 years
Furniture and fixtures
  4 to 10 years
 
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases. Total depreciation expense was $10.5 million, $10.3 million, and $10.0 million for 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively.
 
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— Long-Lived Assets
 
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value. If assets are to be disposed of, such assets are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and no longer depreciated.
 
— Business combinations
 
Prior to 2009, the Company recorded business combinations in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. The cost of the acquired entities was allocated based on the fair value of the underlying assets and liabilities, which included identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill represented the excess of the cost over the net of the amounts allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
 
As of January 1, 2009, the Company records business combinations in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, previously referred to as SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations. These provisions require that identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be reported at fair value as of the acquisition date of a business combination. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, and are classified within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Costs associated with restructuring or exit activities of an acquired entity are also expensed when incurred. Contingent consideration in a business combination is recognized at fair value at the acquisition date as a liability or as equity. Subsequent adjustments of an amount recognized as a liability, including accretion of the discounted liability, are recognized in the statement of operations in determining net earnings. Payment of contingent consideration amounts, as originally estimated at the acquisition date, are included in the financing activities section of the consolidated statement of cash flows. Payment of contingent consideration amounts in addition to those originally estimated are included in the operating activities section of the consolidated statement of cash flows.
 
Deferred tax assets or liabilities arising from assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recognized and measured in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, with appropriate allowances for uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. Subsequent changes to allowances for uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets after the measurement period are recognized as an adjustment to income tax expense.
 
— Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
Goodwill is recognized as a result of a business combination to the extent the consideration transferred exceeds the acquisition-date amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 805. An intangible asset is recognized as an asset apart from goodwill if it arises from contractual or other legal rights or if it is separable, that is, it is capable of being separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged. Such identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have indefinite useful lives are not being amortized, but instead are evaluated for impairment annually, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the asset might be impaired.
 
The Company completes its annual evaluation of goodwill for impairment in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other requires that if the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, further analysis is required to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, determined in accordance with ASC Topic 350, is to be recognized as an impairment loss. As a result of the Company’s annual evaluation of goodwill in 2009, the
 
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Company recorded an impairment charge of $19.9 million. The 2009 impairment charge related to the Company’s LXE segment. Refer to Note 3 for additional information.
 
In accordance with ASC Topic 350, intangible assets, other than those determined to have an indefinite life, are amortized to their estimated residual values on a straight-line basis, or on the basis of economic benefit, over their estimated useful lives. The useful life of the intangible asset is the period over which the asset is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the entity’s future cash flows. These intangible assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360-10-05, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset or asset group to be held and used is measured by comparing its carrying amount to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. An asset to be disposed of would be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and would no longer be depreciated. Cash flow projections, although subject to uncertainty, are based on management’s estimates of future performance, giving consideration to existing and anticipated competitive and economic conditions.
 
Unfavorable economic or financial market conditions or other developments may affect the fair value of one or more of the Company’s business units and it is reasonably possible that the Company may be required to record additional asset impairment charges in the future. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had approximately $60.5 million of goodwill and $41.3 million of other intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheet, collectively representing approximately 27% of total assets. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include a sustained, significant decline in the Company’s share price and market capitalization, a decline in expected future cash flows for one or more business units, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, unanticipated competition and/or slower-than-expected growth rates, among others. If the Company is required to recognize an additional impairment loss related to goodwill or long-lived assets, the related charge, although a noncash charge, could materially impact reported earnings or loss from continuing operations for the period in which the impairment loss is recognized.
 
— Loss Contingencies
 
We record a liability for a loss contingency when the loss is considered probable to occur and can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs related to a loss contingency are recorded when costs are incurred.
 
— Income Taxes
 
The Company provides for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or noncurrent based upon the nature of the underlying temporary differences. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company does not provide for U.S. federal and state income taxes on the cumulative undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries because such earnings are deemed to be indefinitely reinvested.
 
The Company assesses the recoverability of deferred tax assets based on estimates of future taxable income and establishes a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets in a jurisdiction if it believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be recoverable.
 
The Company assesses the amount of benefit to recognize for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by applying a prescribed recognition measurement model. The evaluation of a tax position in accordance with this model is a two-step process. In the first step, recognition, the Company determines
 
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whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step addresses measurement of a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not criteria. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
 
The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line item in its consolidated statements of operations.
 
— Earnings Per Share
 
Basic earnings per share is the per-share allocation of income available to common shareholders based only on the weighted-average number of common shares actually outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share represents the per-share allocation of income attributable to common shareholders based on the weighted-average number of common shares actually outstanding plus all potential common share equivalents outstanding during the period, if dilutive. The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine diluted earnings per share.
 
The following table is a reconciliation of the denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands). Potential dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2009, because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
 
                         
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
    15,191       15,169       15,452  
Dilutive potential shares using the treasury share method
    59       -       176  
                         
Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
    15,250       15,169       15,628  
                         
Shares that were not included in computation of diluted earnings per share that could potentially dilute future basic earnings per share because their effect on the periods were antidilutive
          619             1,045            341  
                         
 
— Stock-Based Compensation
 
Stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of an award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The Company estimates future forfeitures based on historical experience, reviews such estimates periodically and adjusts expense recognition accordingly.
 
— Foreign Currency Translation
 
The functional currency is generally the local currency for each of the Company’s subsidiaries. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated using average monthly exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as other comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income.
 
Certain transactions produce receivables or payables denominated in a currency other than the functional currency. Any subsequent changes in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which a transaction is denominated generates a foreign currency transaction gain or loss that is generally
 
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included in determining net earnings. However, gains or losses resulting from intercompany foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature (that is, settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future) are reported in the same manner as translation adjustments.
 
— Comprehensive Income
 
Comprehensive income consists of net earnings and foreign currency translation adjustments and is presented in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss).
 
— Derivative Financial Instruments
 
The Company uses derivative financial instruments (foreign currency forward contracts) to economically hedge currency fluctuations in future cash flows denominated in foreign currencies, thereby limiting the Company’s risk that would otherwise result from changes in exchange rates. The Company has established policies and procedures for risk assessment and for the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instrument activities. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
 
None of the derivative financial instruments are designated as a hedge for accounting purposes. Therefore, each instrument is reflected at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet with the change in fair value reflected in earnings.
 
—  Warranties
 
The Company provides a limited warranty for a variety of its products. The specific terms and conditions of the warranties vary depending upon the specific products and markets in which the products are sold. The Company records a liability at the time of sale for the estimated costs to be incurred under warranties, based on historical, as well as expected, experience. The warranty liability is periodically reviewed for adequacy and adjusted as necessary.
 
—  Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
 
In January 2010, the FASB issued guidance amending and clarifying requirements for fair value measurements and disclosures in the Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2010-06, Improving Disclosures About Fair Value Measurements. The new guidance requires disclosure of transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 and a reconciliation of all activity in Level 3. The guidance also requires detailed disaggregation disclosure for each class of assets and liabilities in all levels, and disclosures about inputs and valuation techniques for Level 2 and Level 3. The guidance was effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2010 and the disclosure reconciliation of all activity in Level 3 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2011. The adoption of ASU 2010-06 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
—  Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
 
In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-29, Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations. The amendments in this update specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures under ASC Topic 805 to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The amendments in this Update are effective prospectively for business combinations
 
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for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. Early adoption is permitted.
 
For additional information on accounting pronouncements recently issued but not yet adopted, refer to the caption “Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements” within Item 7, Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Annual Report.
 
(2) BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
 
The Company has expanded its technology base by acquiring various companies or their assets.
 
During 2009, the Company completed the acquisitions of all of the equity interest in two businesses; Formation, Inc. (“Formation”), of Moorestown, New Jersey on January 9, 2009; and Satamatics Global Limited (“Satamatics”) of Tewkesbury, UK, on February 13, 2009.
 
Formation’s core product lines are rugged disk data storage products, wireless access points, advanced integrated recorders, terminal data loaders, and avionics and media file servers. Acquiring Formation is part of the Company’s continued investment in its aero-connectivity strategy to become a more comprehensive solutions provider. The Company’s goal is to meet the growing demand for aeronautical communications from airlines and business aircraft owners, as well as governments. With the inclusion of Formation in its product portfolio, the Company covers the spectrum of air-connectivity solutions for those markets across multiple satellite platforms.
 
Satamatics’ core products include satellite data communications terminals for mobile asset tracking and monitoring, and related airtime services. This acquisition complements the Company’s existing Iridium- and Inmarsat-based tracking solutions, extends the Company’s satellite capabilities into a new market, and further strengthens the Company’s market position in satellite-based applications for tracking people and assets worldwide.
 
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company was required to adopt SFAS No. 141(R), which is now included in ASC Topic 805, effective January 1, 2009, and these acquisitions were reflected in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with these revised standards.
 
The aggregate cash purchase price for these two entities was approximately $90.7 million paid in 2009. In addition, one of the purchase agreements included a contingent consideration arrangement of up to $15 million. Management estimated that the fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement at the acquisition date was approximately $10.5 million. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability increased by $3.2 million in 2009 primarily related to accretion in the liability from the acquisition date, changes in the expected earn-out payments based on the results of 2009, and an agreement between the Company and the sellers of the acquired entity to set the 2010 earn-out at a fixed amount. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was increased by $0.3 million in 2010 to reflect the final agreement of the 2010 earn-out amount, which settled the contingency. These net charges were recorded in acquisition-related items in the consolidated statement of operations. $13.1 million of the contingent consideration liability was paid in cash to the sellers in 2010, and $0.9 million was paid in the first quarter of 2011. In the consolidated statement of cash flows, the amount of the payments that represented the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement at the acquisition date is reflected in the financing activities section. The remaining amount of the payments in 2010 that represents changes in the estimated fair value, primarily accretion in the liability from the acquisition date, is included in the operating activities from continuing operations section.
 
ASC Topic 805 requires that identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be reported at fair value as of the acquisition date of a business combination. Including the contingent consideration as originally estimated, the aggregate estimated fair value of the consideration for these two entities, as of their respective acquisition dates, was approximately $101.2 million. This included identifiable intangible assets of approximately $46.4 million and goodwill totaling approximately $47.5 million. These intangible assets are subject to amortization based on expected useful lives that range from one to thirteen years. The Company did not incur
 
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costs to renew or extend the term of acquired intangible assets during the period ended December 31, 2010. The valuation methods and assumptions used to determine fair value of major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
 
The goodwill results from the application of ASC Topic 805 since it requires that the acquirer subsume into goodwill the value of any acquired intangible asset that is not identifiable and the value attributed to items that do not qualify for separate recognition as assets at the acquisition date. The revised standard on accounting for business combinations prohibits separate recognition for certain acquired intangible assets that do not arise from contractual or other legal rights or do not meet specified separation criteria (e.g., assembled workforce). In addition, value is attributed by management to certain items that do not qualify as assets at the acquisition date, such as future technologies that management expects to be developed based on a track record of the acquired entities meeting market demands. Management also believes that synergies exist between these newly acquired product lines and the Company’s existing aero and connectivity businesses that allow the opportunity for promising growth. The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Satamatics was assigned to the Satamatics reporting unit and the Global Tracking reporting segment. The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Formation was originally assigned to the Formation reporting unit and the Aviation reporting segment.
 
The Company included the operating results of Formation in its Aviation segment and the operating results of Satamatics in its Global Tracking segment in the consolidated statement of operations since the acquisition date for each respective entity. The results for 2010 and 2009 included net sales of $51.3 million and $60.2 million, respectively, and a loss from continuing operations before taxes of $2.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively. During 2010, the Company recognized net acquisition-related charges of $0.6 million. During 2009, the Company recognized net acquisition-related charges of $7.2 million. These net charges were principally a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 141(R), including transaction costs, and a net charge related to an increase in the earn-out liability. Also included in 2009, was a $1.4 million foreign exchange loss related to the funding of the Satamatics acquisition, which was required to be paid in British pounds sterling. The loss resulted from changes in foreign currency exchange rates from the date the Company funded the transaction to the date the acquisition was completed.
 
The following table provides unaudited supplemental pro forma information of the Company for 2009 and 2008 as if these acquisitions had been completed on January 1 of the respective years. The results were prepared based on the historical financial statements of the Company and the acquired entities and include pro forma adjustments to reflect the effects of the transactions and the provisions of SFAS No. 141(R) as if it had been in effect at these hypothetical acquisition dates (in thousands):
 
                 
    Years Ended
    December 31
  December 31
    2009   2008
 
Net sales
  $ 362,970       383,584  
(Loss) earnings from continuing operations
    (19,475 )     6,397  
 
During 2008, the Company completed acquisitions of two entities. Akerstroms Trux AB (“Trux”) of Bjorbo, Sweden was acquired on February 8, 2008, and Sky Connect, LLC (“Sky Connect”) of Takoma Park, MD was acquired on August 15, 2008. Trux manufactures and markets vehicle-mount computing solutions for warehousing and production environments in the Nordic region, and Sky Connect is a leading provider of Iridium-based combined tracking and voice systems for the aviation market.
 
The aggregate purchase price for the entities acquired in 2008 was approximately $33 million. The cost of the acquired entities was allocated based on the fair value of the underlying assets and liabilities, which included identifiable intangible assets of approximately $8.4 million. Intangible assets are subject to amortization based on expected useful lives that range mainly from three to five years. Goodwill, totaling approximately $22.4 million, represented the excess of the cost over the net of the amounts allocated to the assets acquired
 
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and liabilities assumed. Approximately $11.0 million of the acquired goodwill is deductible over a 15-year period for income tax purposes.
 
Sky Connect is included in the Company’s Aviation reportable operating segment, and Trux is included in the Company’s LXE reportable operating segment. Their operating results are being included in the Company’s results of operations from their respective dates of acquisition. The Company recognized a loss on impairment of goodwill of $19.9 million in 2009 at the LXE reporting unit (see Note 3 for additional information). A proportional share of the loss was allocated to the goodwill resulting from the acquisition of Trux.
 
Pro forma financial statements and information have not been included for either of the 2008 acquisitions since they were not considered significant acquisitions individually or in aggregate in relation to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
To further align the businesses within the Aviation segment, significant strides were made in 2010 to align and integrate the operations of the Formation, Sky Connect and Canadian-based aviation businesses. Sales efforts, manufacturing processes, and administrative support staff have been combined to leverage Aviation’s strengths and resources. As a result, at the end of 2010, the Company ceased operations at the Takoma Park, MD facility. In addition, as of 2011, the Company no longer considers Formation and Sky Connect as separate reporting units but instead considers the Aviation segment as the reporting unit for all of the segment’s assets.
 
(3) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
As discussed in Note 2, the Company completed two business combinations during 2009, and two during 2008. The consolidated financial statements include the identifiable intangible assets and goodwill resulting from these business combinations in addition to amounts from acquisitions of businesses completed prior to 2008.
 
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during 2009 and 2010 (in thousands):
 
                                 
    Aviation     LXE     Global Tracking     Total  
 
Balance as of December 31, 2008
  $ 11,007       20,395       -       31,402  
                                 
Goodwill acquired during year
    24,101       -       23,429       47,530  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       1,295       -       1,295  
Impairment loss
    -       (19,891 )     -       (19,891 )
                                 
Balance as of December 31, 2009
    35,108       1,799       23,429       60,336  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       138       -       138  
                                 
Balance as of December 31, 2010
  $ 35,108       1,937       23,429       60,474  
                                 
 
The Company had four reporting units with goodwill from prior acquisitions reported on the balance sheet at December 31, 2010. In completing the annual evaluation for impairment in the fourth quarter of 2010, the estimated fair value of each of the Company’s four reporting units with goodwill exceeded the carrying amount. In 2009, we recognized a loss on impairment of $19.9 million related to LXE. At December 31, 2010 only $1.9 million of goodwill remained on the balance sheet for LXE. For purposes of the goodwill impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2010, we determined that a detailed estimate of fair value was not required since the likelihood that the current fair value determination would be less than the carrying amount was remote.
 
The estimated fair value of both Satamatics ($23.4 million of goodwill at December 31, 2010) and Sky Connect ($11.0 million of goodwill at December 31, 2010) exceeded the carrying amount of the reporting unit by more than 25%. However, the estimated fair value of Formation ($24.1 million of goodwill at December 31, 2010) only exceeded its carrying amount by 4%.
 
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The goodwill for Formation was the result of a recent acquisition. At the acquisition date, the carrying amount of a reporting unit is equal to its purchase price. Therefore, a significant excess would generally not be expected for a recently acquired reporting unit. The key assumptions that drive the estimated fair value for Formation include future cash flows from operations, the discount rate applied to those future cash flows, determined from a weighted-average cost of capital calculation that includes management’s assessment of the risks inherent in the projected future cash flows, and EBITDA and revenue multiples using guideline comparable companies. The future cash flows include additional key assumptions relating to revenue growth rates, margins and costs. Actual future results could differ materially from these estimates which could have a negative effect on fair value. Particularly, if the markets served do not expand as we expect, the fair value of one or more of our reporting units could be determined to be below the carrying amount.
 
The Company estimated the fair value of each of its reporting units in a manner similar to the method used in a business combination. The Company utilized both the income approach and the market approach in the determination of fair value. Under the income approach, estimated fair value is based on the cash flow method. The key assumptions that drive the estimated fair value of the reporting units under the income approach are level 3 inputs and include future cash flows from operations and the discount rate applied to those future cash flows, determined from a weighted-average cost of capital calculation. The future cash flows include additional key assumptions relating to revenue growth rates, margins and costs. Under the market approach, the value of invested capital is derived through industry multiples and other assumptions. The key assumptions that drive the estimated fair value of the reporting units under the market approach include EBITDA and revenue multiples using guideline companies, the majority of which are level 3 inputs.
 
There were no accumulated impairment losses for the Company’s goodwill as of December 31, 2008. After the impairment loss recorded on LXE’s goodwill in 2009, the Company had $19.5 million and $20.2 million of accumulated impairment losses on goodwill including foreign currency translation adjustments as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
 
The following table presents the gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization, in total and by major intangible asset class, for the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 (in thousands):
 
                         
    As of December 31, 2010  
    Gross
          Net
 
    Carrying
    Accumulated
    Carrying
 
    Amount     Amortization     Amount  
 
Developed technology
  $      41,525       19,039       22,486  
Customer relationships
    19,164       4,787       14,377  
Trade names and trademarks
    6,281       1,961       4,320  
Other
    2,428       2,292       136  
                         
    $ 69,398             28,079             41,319  
                         
 
                         
    As of December 31, 2009  
    Gross
          Net
 
    Carrying
    Accumulated
    Carrying
 
    Amount     Amortization     Amount  
 
Developed technology
  $ 40,385       13,460       26,925  
Customer relationships
    19,052       2,493       16,559  
Trade names and trademarks
    6,208       1,052       5,156  
Other
    2,428       1,812       616  
                         
    $      68,073             18,817             49,256  
                         
 
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Amortization expense related to these intangible assets for 2010 and 2009 was $8.5 million and $9.4 million, respectively. Amortization expense of $3.7 million and $5.5 million was included in cost of sales, $4.8 million and $3.6 million was included in selling, general and administrative expenses, and $0.6 million and $0.2 million was included in research and development expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for 2010 and 2009, respectively. Expected amortization expense for the five succeeding years is as follows: 2011 – $7.7 million, 2012 – $7.9 million, 2013 – $7.3 million, 2014 – $3.9 million, and 2015 – $3.6 million.
 
In-process research and development assets of $0.3 million from acquisitions made by the Company in 2009 were determined to have no future value and were written-off in 2010.
 
(4) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 
The Company measures financial and non-financial assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 820. This guidance indicates that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the guidance establishes a three-tier fair-value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
 
  •     Level 1 – Observable inputs consisting of quoted prices in active markets;
 
  •     Level 2 – Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
 
  •     Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.
 
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, primarily in the form of foreign currency forward contracts, in order to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations on future fair values of foreign denominated assets and liabilities. The Company’s policy is to execute such instruments with creditworthy financial institutions, and it does not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes. The fair values of foreign currency contracts of $467,000 net asset at December 31, 2010 and $39,000 net asset at December 31, 2009 are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments using the income approach (a level 2 input per the provisions of ASC Topic 820) and are recorded in other current assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
 
The Company has two fixed-rate, long-term mortgages and has borrowings under its revolving credit facility. One mortgage has an 8.0% rate and a carrying amount as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 of $5.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively. The other mortgage has a 7.1% rate and a carrying amount as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 of $2.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The Company’s borrowings under its revolving credit facility were $21.0 million and $18.5 million as of December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, respectively. The estimated fair value of the Company’s total debt was $28.3 million and $26.5 million at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and is based on quoted market prices for similar instruments (a level 2 input). Mortgage debt and borrowings under the Company’s credit facility are recorded in current and long-term debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
 
Management believes that these assets and liabilities can be liquidated without restriction.
 
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The Company had a contingent consideration liability for earn-out provisions resulting from an acquisition completed in 2009 (Refer to Note 1 for additional information). The contingency has since been settled and an additional $13.1 million was paid in cash for the acquisition in 2010, and $0.9 million was paid the first quarter of 2011. The estimated fair value of this contingent consideration liability was determined by applying a form of the income approach (a level 3 input) based on the probability-weighted projected payment amounts discounted to present value at a rate appropriate for the risk of achieving the milestones.
 
The table below includes a summary of the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability (in thousands):
 
                 
    Year Ended  
    December 31, 2010     December 31, 2009  
 
Balance at the beginning of the period
  $ 13,729       -  
Acquisitions
    -       10,500  
Fair value adjustment, including accretion
    304       3,229  
Settlements
    (13,089 )     -  
                 
Balance at the end of the period
  $ 944       13,729  
                 
 
During 2010 and 2009, the fair value adjustment was an increase of $0.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively, reflecting changes in its expected payments based on the results of 2009, and an agreement to settle the 2010 earn-out amount.
 
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Subsequent to the Initial Recognition
 
In 2009, goodwill for our LXE segment was written down to its implied fair value of $1.8 million in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350. Prior to the write-down, the carrying amount of LXE’s goodwill was $21.7 million. The goodwill impairment charge of $19.9 million was included in loss from continuing operations in 2009. The estimated fair value used in the Company’s impairment testing evaluation was determined by applying the income approach and market approach, both level 3 inputs. Refer to Note 3 for additional information including the valuation techniques used in the Company’s goodwill impairment evaluation.
 
ASC Topic 805 requires that identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be reported at fair value as of the acquisition date of a business combination completed on or after January 1, 2009. The Company completed two acquisitions in 2009. Refer to Note 2 for additional information on the estimated fair values of, and the valuation techniques used, for the assets and liabilities acquired in these two acquisitions.
 
(5) BUSINESS SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA INFORMATION
 
The Company is organized into four reportable segments: Aviation, Defense & Space (“D&S”), LXE and Global Tracking. The Company determines operating segments in accordance with the Company’s internal management structure, which is organized based on products and services that share distinct operating characteristics. Each segment is separately managed and is evaluated primarily upon operating income.
 
The Aviation segment designs and develops satellite-based communications solutions through a broad array of terminals and antennas for the aeronautical market that enable end-users in aircraft to communicate over satellite and air-to-ground links. This segment also designs equipment to process data on board aircraft, including rugged data storage, cabin-wireless connectivity, and air-to-ground connectivity equipment. The manufacturing cycle for each order is generally just a few days, and revenues are recognized upon shipment of hardware. Aviation also derives a portion of its net sales from performance on development and production contracts. Net sales on these contracts are generally accounted for using the percentage-of-completion method
 
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accounting. Aviation service revenue is generated mainly from product-related service contracts, extended warranty arrangements, and from airtime services. Products and services are marketed to a variety of customers including major airframe manufacturers, avionics original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”), aircraft operators and owners.
 
The Defense & Space segment manufactures custom-designed, highly engineered subsystems and provides design and development services on research projects for defense electronics and satellite applications. These applications include products from military communications, RADAR, surveillance and countermeasures to high-definition television, satellite radio, and live TV for commercial airlines. Orders typically involve development and production schedules that can extend a year or more, and most revenues are recognized under the percentage-of-completion long-term contract accounting method. D&S’ service revenue is mainly generated from projects that are limited to design and development-related services, and from product-related service contracts. Products and services are typically sold to prime contractors or systems integrators rather than to end-users.
 
The LXE segment manufactures mobile terminals and wireless data collection equipment for logistics management systems. LXE operates mainly in three target markets: the Americas market, which is comprised of North, South and Central America; the International market, which is comprised of all other geographic areas with the highest concentration in Europe; and direct sales to original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”). The manufacturing cycle for each order is generally just a few days, and revenues are generally recognized upon shipment of products. LXE’s service revenue is mainly generated from product-related repair contracts and extended warranty arrangements. Products and services are marketed directly to end-users, through distributors, and integrators (such as value-added resellers who provide inventory management software) that incorporate it with their products and services for sale and delivery to end users.
 
The Global Tracking segment provides satellite-based machine-to-machine mobile communications equipment and services to track, monitor and control remote, mobile and fixed assets. Additionally, Global Tracking provides equipment for the Cospas-Sarsat search-and-rescue system and incident-management solutions for rescue coordination worldwide. The manufacturing cycle for each order is generally just a few days, and revenues are recognized upon shipment of hardware. Global Tracking also derives a portion of its net sales from performance on long-term development and production contracts. Net sales on these contracts are generally accounted for using the percentage-of-completion method accounting. Global Tracking service revenue is mainly generated from airtime service contracts. Products and services are marketed through a worldwide distribution network of value-added resellers, and also directly to end users.
 
Prior to 2010, the Company operated under three reportable operating segments: Communications & Tracking, D&S and LXE. The Aviation and Global Tracking segments were previously included in our Communications & Tracking segment. The Company’s historical financial data has been recast in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to conform to its 2010 segment presentation.
 
Accounting policies for segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.
 
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The following segment data is presented in thousands:
 
                         
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Net sales:
                       
Aviation
  $     106,787            123,909             92,724  
Defense & Space
    67,906       91,579       76,643  
LXE
    141,217       109,441       145,885  
Global Tracking
    40,676       35,043       19,793  
Less intercompany sales
    (1,361 )     -       -  
                         
Total
  $ 355,225       359,972       335,045  
                         
Operating income (loss):
                       
Aviation
  $ 6,299       10,959       15,315  
Defense & Space
    6,092       7,314       6,381  
LXE
    7,522       (26,531 )     2,861  
Global Tracking
    1,540       424       (1,128 )
Corporate & Other
    (3,931 )     (6,799 )     (3,805 )
                         
Total
  $ 17,522       (14,633 )     19,624  
                         
Interest income, net of foreign exchange losses:
                       
Aviation
  $ (446 )     492       (154 )
Defense & Space
    8       1       6  
LXE
    240       (84 )     500  
Global Tracking
    59       334        
Corporate & Other
    445       (1,344 )     1,492  
                         
Total
  $ 306       (601 )     1,844  
                         
Interest expense:
                       
Aviation
  $ 4       68       62  
Defense & Space
    -       -       40  
LXE
    -       93       406  
Global Tracking
    3       -       -  
Corporate & Other
    1,897       2,020       1,171  
                         
Total
  $ 1,904       2,181       1,679  
                         
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes:
                       
Aviation
  $ 5,849       11,383       15,099  
Defense & Space
    6,100       7,315       6,347  
LXE
    7,762       (26,708 )     2,955  
Global Tracking
    1,596       758       (1,128 )
Corporate & Other
    (5,383 )     (10,163 )     (3,484 )
                         
Total
  $ 15,924       (17,415 )     19,789  
                         
 
The results from continuing operations before income taxes for Global Tracking include selling, general and administrative expenses for certain cost centers that began supporting Global Tracking in 2010 that had supported the Aviation segment in 2009 and 2008. The results from continuing operations before income taxes for Corporate & Other include corporate expenses that are not allocated to operating segments in the financial data reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. In addition, the results from continuing operations before income taxes for 2009 includes a $1.4 million foreign exchange loss related to the funding of the Satamatics acquisition and a net charge of $7.2 million for acquisition-related items. The acquisition-related items were principally a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 141(R), including transaction costs, and the accretion of an
 
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earn-out liability related to one of the Company’s recent acquisitions recorded at estimated fair value on a discounted basis, an increase in the estimated fair value of the earn-out liability in 2009 reflecting changes in the expected earn-out payments based on the results of 2009, and an agreement between the Company and the sellers of the acquired entity to settle the 2010 earn-out provisions. The results from continuing operations before income taxes for LXE include an impairment loss on goodwill of $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009.
 
                         
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Capital expenditures:
                       
Aviation
  $       3,014             2,822              4,090  
Defense & Space
    158       5,966       6,105  
LXE
    6,566       3,726       2,957  
Global Tracking
    496       254       295  
Corporate & Other
    720       665       422  
                         
Total
  $ 10,954       13,433       13,869  
                         
Depreciation and amortization:
                       
Aviation
  $ 8,138       8,577       4,609  
Defense & Space
    3,195       3,367       3,023  
LXE
    3,320       3,345       3,363  
Global Tracking
    3,651       3,540       480  
Corporate & Other
    1,241       1,160       1,023  
                         
Total
  $ 19,545       19,989       12,498  
                         
 
                 
    December 31  
    2010     2009  
 
Assets:
               
Aviation
  $     149,834            144,486  
Defense & Space
    45,968       53,883  
LXE
    78,588       71,632  
Global Tracking
    80,103       75,919  
Corporate & Other
    18,451       28,225  
                 
Total
  $ 372,944       374,145  
                 
 
Following is a summary of enterprise-wide information (in thousands):
 
                         
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Net sales to customers in the following regions:
                       
United States
  $     243,369           252,749           202,520  
Other foreign countries
    111,856       107,223       132,525  
                         
Total
  $ 355,225       359,972       335,045  
                         
 
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Net sales are attributed to individual countries based on the customer’s country of origin at the time of the sale.
 
                 
    December 31  
    2010     2009  
 
Long-lived assets (excluding goodwill) are located in the following countries:
               
United States
  $      50,123            54,372  
United Kingdom
    21,637       24,442  
Canada
    9,094       8,820  
Other foreign countries
    8,848       9,562  
                 
Total
  $ 89,702       97,196  
                 
Concentration of net assets by geographic region:
               
United States
  $ 77,006       72,826  
Canada
    68,677       62,239  
Europe
    101,880       97,216  
Other
    9,457       4,810  
                 
Total
  $ 257,020       237,091  
                 
 
Sales to no individual customer exceeded 10% of our annual net sales during the years ended December 31, 2010 or 2008. Sales to one of our customers during the year ended December 31, 2009 exceeded 10% of our annual net sales, with sales of $37.9 million, mainly due to a significant order received by our D&S segment.
 
(6) INVENTORIES
 
Inventories as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 included the following (in thousands):
 
                 
    December 31  
    2010     2009  
 
Parts and materials
  $      24,996             25,221  
Work-in-process
    6,127       5,142  
Finished goods
    10,526       10,292  
                 
    $ 41,649       40,655  
                 
 
Costs included in inventories related to long-term development and production programs or contracts are primarily for materials and work performed on programs awaiting funding, or on contracts not yet finalized. Such costs were $0.9 million at December 31, 2010, and $1.1 million at December 31, 2009.
 
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(7) LONG-TERM DEBT
 
The following is a summary of long-term debt as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
 
                 
    2010     2009  
 
Revolving credit loan with a syndicate of banks in the U. S., which matures in February 2013, interest payable monthly at a variable rate (3.75% at December 31, 2010)
  $   21,000       18,500  
Promissory note, secured by a first mortgage on the Company’s headquarters facility, maturing in 2016, principal and interest payable in equal monthly installments of $104 with a fixed interest rate of 8.0%
    5,670       6,370  
Term loan with an insurance company, secured by a U.S. building, maturing in February 2014, principal and interest payable in equal monthly installments of $68 with a fixed interest rate of 7.1%
    2,302       2,878  
Capital lease agreements, secured by machinery and equipment, computer hardware, software and peripherals, with various terms through 2010, due in quarterly installments with implicit interest rates of 4.2%
    -       2  
                 
Total long-term debt
    28,972         27,750  
Less current installments of long-term debt
    1,496       1,398  
                 
Long-term debt, excluding current installments
  $ 27,476       26,352  
                 
 
The Company has a revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks. Under this agreement, the Company has $60 million total capacity for borrowing in the U.S. and $15 million total capacity for borrowing in Canada. The agreement also has a provision permitting an increase in the total borrowing capacity of up to an additional $50 million with additional commitments from the current lenders or from new lenders. The existing lenders have no obligation to increase their commitments. The credit agreement provides for borrowings through February 28, 2013, with no principal payments required until maturity. The credit agreement is secured by substantially all of the Company’s tangible and intangible assets, with certain exceptions for real estate that secures existing mortgages, for other permitted liens, and for certain assets in foreign countries.
 
Interest will be, at the Company’s option, a function of either the lead bank’s prime rate or the then-published London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for the applicable borrowing period. A commitment fee equal to 0.30% per annum of the average daily unused credit is payable quarterly. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $21.0 million of borrowings outstanding under this revolving credit facility.
 
The credit agreement includes a financial covenant that establishes a maximum ratio of total funded debt to historical consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”). The credit agreement also establishes a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA less capital expenditures and taxes paid to specific fixed charges, primarily interest, scheduled principal payments under all debt agreements and dividends. The credit agreement includes various other covenants that are customary in such borrowings. The agreement also restricts the ability of the Company to declare or pay cash dividends. As of December 31, 2010, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under its credit agreement.
 
The Company has $2.9 million of standby letters of credit to satisfy performance guarantee requirements under certain customer contracts. While these obligations are not normally called, they could be called by the beneficiaries at any time before the expiration date should the Company fail to meet certain contractual requirements. After deducting outstanding letters of credit, as of December 31, 2010, the Company had $38.2 million available for borrowing in the U.S. and $12.9 million available for borrowing in Canada under the revolving credit agreement.
 
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Following is a summary of the combined principal maturities of all long-term debt (in thousands) as of December 31, 2010:
 
         
2011
  $   1,496  
2012
    1,613  
2013
    22,740  
2014
    1,182  
2015
    1,133  
Thereafter
    808  
         
Total principal maturities
  $ 28,972  
         
 
Included in these totals are principal payments to be made under the Company’s capital lease agreements.
 
8) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
The Company has granted nonqualified stock options and nonvested restricted stock to key employees and directors under several stock award plans.
 
All outstanding options have been granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the stock on the grant date. The principal vesting requirement for all options granted prior to and after 2006 was satisfaction of a service condition. The vesting requirements for options granted in 2006 included service-based and performance-based conditions. Grants to executives are made from a shareholder-approved plan. Grants to individuals other than executives are made from a plan that has not been subject to shareholder approval. As of December 31, 2010, there were options exercisable under all plans for approximately 807,000 shares of common stock, and there were approximately 1,290,000 shares available for future option grants. The Company’s policy is to issue new shares when options are exercised.
 
The grants of restricted stock are valued on the date of grant at the intrinsic value of the underlying stock. Typically, the only restriction related to these grants is a service condition. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had granted 196,000 nonvested shares to employees of which 22,000 shares vested in 2010, and 14,000 shares were forfeited.
 
Stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of an award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The Company recognized charges to income of $1,957,000 in 2010, $2,470,000 in 2009, and $2,339,000 in 2008, before income tax benefit, for all the Company’s stock awards. The Company also recognized related income tax benefits of $553,000, $846,000, and $955,000 for the same periods, respectively.
 
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Following is a summary of options outstanding as of December 31, 2010 (shares in thousands):
 
                                                 
      Outstanding   Exercisable  
      Number
    Weighted
    Weighted Average
  Number
    Weighted
    Weighted Average
 
Range of
    of
    Average
    Remaining
  of
    Average
    Remaining
 
Exercise Prices
    Shares     Exercise Price     Contractual Life   Shares     Exercise Price     Contractual Life  
 
$   11.63 - 13.89            209     $   13.59                46     $   13.15          
  13.90 - 14.93       99       14.08           49       14.22          
  14.94 - 15.80       61       15.60           56       15.64          
  15.81 - 18.98       195       17.57           174       17.64          
  18.99 - 20.00       156       19.33           142       19.30          
  20.01 - 22.74       196       21.13           181       21.05          
  22.75 - 28.67       241       26.06           159       26.61          
                                                 
$ 11.63 - 28.67       1,157     $ 19.06     3.24 years     807     $ 19.87       2.62 years  
                                                 
 
Options with service-based vesting only
The principal vesting requirement for all options granted prior to and after 2006 is a service condition that requires service to be rendered to the Company for a specified period of time. Vesting periods range from six months to four years, and substantially all of these options have graded vesting over these periods. Options provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change of control, as defined in the plans. All outstanding options expire from six to ten years after the date of grant.
 
Following is a summary of activity for 2010 for options with only service-based vesting (shares and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
 
                                 
                Weighted
       
                Average
       
          Weighted
    Remaining
       
    Number
    Average
    Contractual
    Aggregate
 
    of
    Exercise
    Life
    Intrinsic
 
    Shares     Price     (in years)     Value  
 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2009
              868     $      20.82                  
Granted
    279       14.29                  
Exercised
    (9 )     14.97                  
Forfeited or expired
    (92 )     22.15                  
                                 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2010
    1,046       19.01       3.4     $      1,925  
                                 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2010
    695       19.93       2.8       811  
                                 
 
The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the assumptions noted in the table below. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatilities of the Company’s stock over a period equal to the expected term. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and post-vesting termination behavior. The expected term of options granted is based on historical data and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant.
 
             
    2010   2009   2008
 
Expected volatility
  45%   47%   45% - 46%
Expected term (in years)
  4.6   4.6   4.8 - 5.0
Risk-free rate
  1.2% - 2.3%   1.5% - 2.1%   2.9% - 3.0%
Expected dividend yield
  None   None   None
 
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The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options with only service-based vesting granted in years 2010, 2009, and 2008 was $5.76, $9.15, and $12.02, respectively. The total intrinsic value for service-based options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $33,000, $370,000 and $501,000, respectively.
 
As of December 31, 2010, there was $974,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested options with only service-based vesting granted under the Company’s plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years.
 
Options with performance-based and service-based vesting
In 2006, the Company issued options that included both performance-based and service-based vesting conditions. Each option became exercisable as to 25% of the shares beginning on the first anniversary of the grant and continuing on the subsequent three anniversaries, provided that the Company or, in the case of segment employees, the employee’s principal segment during the year, had achieved, certain earnings targets. These options expire on the sixth anniversary of the date of grant. All other terms and conditions of these option grants are similar to options with only service-based vesting.
 
Following is a summary of option activity for options with both performance-based and service-based vesting conditions for 2010 (shares and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
 
                                 
                Weighted
       
                Average
       
          Weighted
    Remaining
       
    Number
    Average
    Contractual
    Aggregate
 
    of
    Exercise
    Life
    Intrinsic
 
    Shares     Price     (in years)     Value  
 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2009
           126     $      19.28                  
Granted
                           
Exercised
                           
Forfeited or expired
    (14 )     18.05                  
                                 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2010
    112       19.44       1.3     $      -  
                                 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2010
    112       19.44       1.3       -  
                                 
 
The grant-date fair value of all options vested during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 was $1.0 million, $2.2 million, and $1.3 million, respectively. The Company received $0.1 million, $0.5 million, and $0.9 million from all share options exercised, net of withholding taxes, during 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively.
 
Nonvested stock awards
 
Following is a summary of nonvested stock activity for 2010 (shares in thousands):
 
                 
          Weighted-
 
    Number
    Average
 
    of
    Grant-Date
 
    Shares     Fair Value  
 
Nonvested stock outstanding at December 31, 2009
              71     $   21.77  
Granted
    71       14.25  
Vested
    (22 )     22.23  
Forefeited
    (14 )     18.87  
                 
Nonvested stock outstanding at December 31, 2010
    106     $ 16.97  
                 
 
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Nonvested stock valued at $1,015,000, $818,000, and $206,000 was granted during 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. The only restriction on the stock is the completion of specified service periods. As of December 31, 2010, there was $816,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock awards. That cost is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average two-year service period.
 
9) INCOME TAXES
 
Total income tax (expense) benefit provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial statements consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 (in thousands):
 
                         
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Income tax benefit (expense), continuing operations
  $  (1,859 )       4,266            682  
Income tax benefit, discontinued operations
    -       4,001       -  
Income tax benefit resulting from exercise of stock options credited to shareholders’ equity
    1       133       203  
                         
Total
  $ (1,858 )     8,400       885  
                         
 
The components of income tax (expense) benefit for continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were (in thousands):
 
                         
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Current:
                       
Federal
  $     (1,181 )          (42 )          (1,460 )
State
    (237 )     (128 )     (176 )
Foreign
    (2,953 )     (193 )     (689 )
                         
Total
    (4,371 )     (363 )     (2,325 )
                         
Deferred:
                       
Federal
    1,489       4,646       1,569  
State
    232       5       9  
Foreign
    791       (22 )     1,429  
                         
Total
    2,512       4,629       3,007  
                         
Total income tax (expense) benefit
  $ (1,859 )     4,266       682  
                         
 
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Income tax (expense) benefit for continuing operations differed as follows from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 34% to (earnings) loss from continuing operations before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively (in thousands):
 
                         
    2010     2009     2008  
 
(Expense) benefit computed at the federal statutory rate
  $   (5,414 )     5,921       (6,728 )
Effect of:
                       
State income taxes, net of federal income tax effects
    (3 )     (81 )     (110 )
Tax credits from research activities
    4,355       7,359       1,716  
Difference in effective foreign tax rates
    734       (41 )     222  
Valuation allowance
    (1,253 )     (168 )     5,518  
Foreign permanent differences
    100       341       6  
Foreign income inclusions
    (220 )     (52 )      
Nondeductible goodwill impairment
          (6,763 )      
Nondeductible acquisition-related items
    (191 )     (2,450 )      
Other
    33       200       58  
                         
Income tax (expense) benefit
  $ (1,859 )     4,266       682  
                         
 
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are presented below (in thousands):
 
                 
    2010     2009  
 
Deferred tax assets:
               
Inventories
  $      1,636              1,353  
Accrued compensation costs
    1,721       2,499  
Accrued warranty costs
    1,277       1,278  
Foreign research expense and tax credit carryforwards
    41,341       40,241  
U.S. and foreign net operating loss carryforwards
    5,569       4,932  
Credit for corporate minimum tax
    668       709  
U.S. research and development credit carryforwards
    8,115       7,714  
Stock-based compensation
    2,667       2,283  
Other
    3,097       2,388  
                 
Total gross deferred tax assets
    66,091       63,397  
Valuation allowance
    (40,725 )     (37,851 )
                 
      25,366       25,546  
                 
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Property, plant and equipment
    3,188       3,715  
Intangible assets
    10,862       13,132  
Other
    439       729  
                 
      14,489       17,576  
                 
Net deferred tax assets
  $ 10,877       7,970  
                 
 
The net change in the valuation allowance for 2010, 2009 and 2008 was an increase of $2.9 million, an increase of $9.3 million, and a decrease of $20.5 million, respectively. The majority of the valuation allowance is necessary for the deferred tax assets in Canada, primarily the research expense and tax credit carryforwards.
 
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The primary driver of the increase in 2010 was the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the Canadian valuation allowance. The valuation allowance also increased since the tax benefits of losses in 2010 in certain other jurisdictions could not be recognized. The Canadian increase in the valuation allowance in 2009 was attributable primarily to the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates ($4.3 million), revaluing the deferred tax asset to reflect future lower tax rates in the period the asset will be includable in taxable income ($3.5 million), generation of additional deferred tax assets ($5.1 million) and revision in estimate of prior year deferred tax assets ($7.4 million). These increases were partially offset by utilization of carryforwards with current period taxable income ($9.3 million) and revision in estimated utilization of deferred tax assets in the prior year ($4.9 million). The remaining increase in the valuation allowance in 2009 is due to business acquisitions and other jurisdictions with deferred tax assets for which realization is not more likely than not. The decrease in the valuation allowance in 2008 was attributable primarily to utilization of carryforwards with current period taxable income ($4.1 million), reduction of existing carryforwards as a result of revisions to amounts available ($5.9 million), the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates ($9.2 million) and a release of a portion of the beginning-of-the-year valuation allowance based on revisions to projected taxable income in the relatively near term ($1.3 million), supported by actual continuing profitability in the past several years.
 
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible, or prior to expiration of carryforward items. Management considers the expected reversal of deferred tax liabilities, expected levels of future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on these considerations, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets, net of the existing valuation allowances as of December 31, 2010. In most jurisdictions, recent levels of earnings are sufficient to realize the benefits of the deferred tax assets, net of the valuation allowance, over a relatively short period of time. Due to the length of time until all of the deferred tax assets would be realized and the uncertainty that exists in the current global economy, no additional benefit was realized in Canada in 2010. The valuation allowance may be reduced further in the future resulting in an income tax benefit to future consolidated statements of operations if profitability expectations for the future increase or the certainty of such projections increases. The amount of deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the future if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.
 
The Company has Investment Tax Credit carryforwards in Canada with a 20-year expiration carryforward period. The net amount of the deferred tax benefit is $41.3 million with the majority of the amount offset by a valuation allowance. The specific carryforward periods for the Investment Tax Credits extend from years 2019 through 2030 from amounts generated from tax years 1999 through 2010. The Company has $18.2 million of net foreign operating loss carryforwards in multiple jurisdictions. Despite an unlimited expiration carryforward period, the Company has close to a full valuation allowance placed on these benefits as it is more likely than not that the attributes will not be utilized in the future. The Company also has net $8.1 million of U.S. research and development credits. This amount includes estimated credits for 2010 of approximately $1.0 million that was recognized as a reduction to income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2010 when the U.S. Congress extended the provision for the tax credit for 2010 and 2011. The specific carryforward period of the U.S. research and development credits extends from years 2020 through 2030 from amounts generated from tax years 2000 through 2010. The Company has not placed a valuation allowance against these U.S. Federal and state benefits as it is more likely than not the attributes will be utilized in the future based on projected future taxable income net of reversal of deferred tax liabilities.
 
The U.S. operations are consolidated for federal income tax purposes. These U.S. operations had income from continuing operations before income taxes of $0.1 million in 2010. However, U.S. taxable income for income tax reporting is expected to be approximately $6.8 million primarily due to items that are not deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. operations had losses before income taxes of $19.5 million in 2009, and income before income taxes of $4.5 million in 2008. The continuing combined foreign operations
 
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reported earnings before income taxes of $15.9 million, $2.1 million, and $15.3 million in 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. The loss for discontinued operations in 2009 was primarily within the U.S.
 
As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $3.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits, all of which would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
 
                 
    2010     2009  
 
Balance as of January 1
  $   2,019         2,949  
Increases related to current year tax positions
    1,354       917  
Increases related to prior year tax positions
    66       5  
Decreases related to lapsing of statute of limitations
    (4 )     (6 )
Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities
    (9 )     (1,915 )
Changes in foreign currency exchange rate
    (16 )     69  
                 
Balance as of December 31
  $ 3,410       2,019  
                 
 
In filing its tax returns in one of its jurisdictions for 2009, the Company recognized a tax deduction related to the exercise of stock options granted by a business acquired by the Company in 2009. While this is a valid deductible item in the tax jurisdiction, uncertainty exists related to which of the acquired legal entities is entitled to the tax deduction. Management concluded the uncertainty surrounding this position was such that the position did not meet the more-likely-than-not criteria for recognizing uncertain tax positions. This was the most significant increase to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during 2010.
 
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to audits from the federal, state, provincial and other tax authorities regarding various tax liabilities. The Company records refunds from audits when receipt is assured and records assessments when a loss is probable and estimable. These audits may alter the timing or amounts of taxable income or deductions, or the allocation of income among tax jurisdictions. The amount ultimately paid upon resolution of issues raised may differ from the amounts accrued. The Company is generally no longer subject to income tax examination by tax authorities for years before 2004.
 
The Company settled a Canada provincial audit for 2008 and 2009 in the fourth quarter 2010 without a material change to the tax benefit recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company settled a Canadian federal level audit for years 2006 and 2007 during 2010 without a material change to the tax benefit recognized. The Company settled an audit by the Internal Revenue Service for the tax year 2006 in 2009. The Company also settled a Canada provincial audit for 2004 and 2005 in 2009. The settlement of these audits resulted in a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits of $1.9 million in 2009 as noted above. The Company is under a Canadian federal level audit for years 2008 and 2009, as well as a German audit for years 2006 through 2008. The Company expects to complete the audits in the next twelve months. Any related unrecognized tax benefits could be adjusted based on the results of the audits. The Company cannot estimate the range of the change that is reasonably possible at this time.
 
(10) DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
 
Prior to 2009, the Company disposed of its S&T/Montreal, SatNet, and EMS Wireless divisions. The sales agreements for each of these disposals contained standard indemnification provisions for various contingencies that could not be resolved before the dates of closing and for various representations and warranties provided by the Company and the purchasers. The purchaser of EMS Wireless asserted claims under such
 
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representations and warranties. The parties agreed to arbitration, which commenced in the third quarter of 2009. In March of 2010, the Company received an interim decision from the arbitrator on these claims awarding the purchaser a total of approximately $9.2 million under the warranty provisions of the purchase agreement. As a result, the Company accrued a liability for the award costs, based on the interim decision, in discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2009. On April 30, 2010, the arbitrator issued the final decision awarding the purchaser of the Company’s former EMS Wireless division $8.6 million. Based on this final award, the Company reduced its estimated liability by $0.6 million in 2010. This favorable adjustment in discontinued operations in 2010 was offset by additional charges related to estimated contingent liabilities associated with other divisions disposed of prior to 2009. The Company paid the final award of $8.6 million in the second quarter of 2010.
 
The Company had an agreement with the purchaser of the former S&T/Montreal division to acquire a license for $8 million in payments over a seven-year period, beginning in December 2008, for the rights to a certain satellite territory. The Company and the purchaser had a corresponding sublicense agreement that granted the territory rights back to the purchaser, under which the Company was to receive a portion of the satellite service revenues from the specific market territory over the same period. The purchaser had previously guaranteed that the revenues derived under the sublicense would equal or exceed the acquisition cost of the license. As part of the agreement to sell the net assets of S&T/Montreal, the Company released the purchaser from this guarantee. Without the guarantee, the Company estimated that its portion of the satellite service revenues would be less than the acquisition cost, and the Company had accordingly reflected a liability for the net cost in its consolidated balance sheet. The parties finalized a settlement under these agreements and the Company paid $3.8 million to the purchase of the former S&T/Montreal division in the fourth quarter of 2010. The settlement of these agreements also eliminated the Company’s existing contractual requirement to warrant approximately $3 million of specified in-orbit failures of the Radarsat-2 payload.
 
Prior to 2008, the Company completed the sale of its former SatNet division. The asset purchase agreement (“APA”) provided for the payment of $2.3 million of the aggregate consideration in an interest-bearing note to be repaid over a three-year period beginning in May 2007. As of December 31, 2010, approximately $1.1 million of this note receivable, excluding accrued interest, remained unpaid. The purchaser has indicated that it believes it has claims that offset the unpaid balance. The Company does not believe that these claims are valid according the terms of the APA and has filed an arbitration demand with the purchaser. Management believes that the purchaser has the ability to pay the remaining balance of this note receivable, and that the receivable recorded in the consolidated balance sheet is fully collectible.
 
In 2010 and 2008, discontinued operations had no effect on the Company’s net earnings. The Company’s discontinued operations reported a loss before income taxes of $10.9 million in 2009. The loss was mainly a result of a $9.2 million liability recorded in 2009 for costs awarded for warranty claims under the provisions of the sales agreement of our former EMS Wireless division, and for legal costs associated with the defense of these claims.
 
(11) RETIREMENT PLANS
 
The Company’s retirement program for employees in the United States consists of two tax-qualified defined contribution plans, including a 401(k) plan with a Company match and the Retirement Benefit Plan (“RBP”) described below. Under the 401(k) plan, all employees may contribute up to the IRS-specified maximums. For 2008 and a portion of 2009, the Company matched to the extent of 662/3% of the individual’s contribution, up to a maximum contribution of 4% of eligible compensation. The match was suspended in August 2009, but reinstated at 2%, or one-half the former level, for the last three months of 2010.
 
In 2008 the Company began phasing out the RBP. Under the RBP, the Company contributes a percentage of eligible compensation to a participant’s account, and that percentage depends on both the Company’s overall contribution level and his or her age, with older employees receiving a progressively greater share. As part of the phase-out, participation was frozen at December 31, 2007, and Company contributions were factored down to reflect attained age of less than 50 and attained years-of-service of less than 15 as of that date.
 
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Contributions are also limited by various nondiscrimination rules, and cannot be made against that portion of an executive’s salary exceeding stated amounts. The total amount contributed by the Company to the plan is determined each year by the Board of Directors.
 
The Company’s employees in Canada may participate in a tax-qualified defined contribution plan whereby each participant may contribute up to 10% of base salary and the Company matches 100% of individual’s contributions, up to a maximum contribution of 4% of eligible compensation.
 
The Company’s retirement program for employees in the United Kingdom consists of a tax-qualified defined contribution plan. Under the plan, the Company contributes a percentage of each employee’s eligible compensation to the plan. Employees may also make contributions to the plan up to specified maximums.
 
The Company’s total expense for all of these plans was $2.2 million in 2010, $2.7 million in 2009, and $3.6 million in 2008.
 
(12) OTHER EQUITY MATTERS
 
On July 29, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for up to $20 million of the Company’s common shares. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had repurchased 495,000 common shares for approximately $10.1 million. Further repurchases are no longer permitted under the terms of the Company’s principal credit agreements. There were no repurchases of common shares under this program during 2010.
 
On July 27, 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan (the “Plan”) to replace a similar plan adopted in 1999 that expired on August 6, 2009. Under the Plan, a dividend distribution of one right for each of the Company’s outstanding common shares was made to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 7, 2009. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events, as set forth in the Plan, the rights would become exercisable. On January 4, 2011, the Board of Directors adopted an amendment to the Plan, which eliminated the concept of “disinterested directors” and related provisions effective January 4, 2011. Under the original Plan, any person affiliated or associated with a person or group who beneficially owns more than 20% of our outstanding shares would not qualify as a disinterested director. The original Plan required the consent of a majority of these disinterested directors to take significant actions under the Plan, including the amendment of the Plan or the redemption of the Rights under the Plan prior to specified triggering events. The amended Plan also includes other conforming changes consistent with the removal of the concept of disinterested directors.
 
The Company has agreements with certain of its executives under which the executives would be entitled to certain payments for severance and incentive plans, continuation of other benefits and acceleration of vesting of any unvested stock options in the event of a change in control.
 
(13) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
The Company is committed under several noncancelable operating leases for office space, computer and office equipment and automobiles. Minimum annual lease payments under such leases having initial or remaining terms in excess of one year are $4,639,000 in 2011, $4,017,000 in 2012, $3,290,000 in 2013, $2,778,000 in 2014, $2,403,000 in 2015 and $3,815,000 thereafter. The Company also has short-term leases for regional sales offices, equipment and automobiles. Total rent expense under all operating leases was $5,516,000, $5,377,000, and $4,518,000 in 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively.
 
The Company’s Aviation business in Canada has received cost-sharing assistance from the Government of Canada under several programs that support the development of new commercial technologies and products. This funding is repayable in the form of royalties, the level of which will depend upon future revenue earned by the Canadian business above a certain threshold. These royalties accrue at rates generally less than one percent of sales and typically require growth in revenue for amounts to be payable. As a result, although the
 
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Company cannot accurately estimate the level of future possible royalties, the Company does not believe that such royalties will have a material adverse effect on future results of operations. The Company is also required to pay royalties through LXE, and to a lesser extent through Global Tracking and D&S. These royalty fees are based on the sales of specific products and are calculated at fixed percentages on their net selling price. In total, the Company incurred costs of $1.9 million, $1.2 million, and $1.3 million related to royalty fees in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
The Company periodically enters into agreements with customers and suppliers that include limited intellectual property indemnification obligations that are customary in the industry. These guarantees generally require the Company to compensate the other party for certain damages and costs incurred as a result of third-party intellectual property claims arising from these transactions. The nature of the intellectual property indemnification obligations prevents the Company from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount for which it could be obligated.
 
The Company provides a limited warranty for a variety of its products. The basic warranty periods vary from one to five years, depending upon the type of product. The Company records a liability for the estimated costs to be incurred under basic warranties, which is included in other current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The amount of this liability is based upon historical, as well as expected, rates of warranty claims. The warranty liability is periodically reviewed for adequacy and adjusted as necessary. Following is a summary of the activity for the periods presented related to the Company’s liability for limited warranties (in thousands):
 
                         
    Years Ended December 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
 
Balance at beginning of the period
  $      4,085            2,789         2,647  
Additions at dates of acquisition for businesses acquired during period
    -       464       -  
Accruals for warranties issued during the period
    3,131       4,858       3,308  
Settlements made during the period
    (3,011 )     (4,026 )     (3,166 )
                         
Balance at end of period
  $ 4,205       4,085       2,789  
                         
 
The Company has agreements with certain of its executives under which the executives would be entitled to certain payments for severance and incentive plans, continuation of other benefits and acceleration of vesting of any unvested stock option in the event of a change in control.
 
(14) LITIGATION
 
The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
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(15) SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
 
Following is a summary of interim financial information for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands, except net earnings (loss) per share):
 
                                 
    2010 Quarters Ended  
   
April 3
   
July 3
   
October 2
   
December 31
 
 
Net sales
  $   82,902         88,477            85,723            98,123  
Operating income
    1,924       5,174       4,268       6,155  
Net earnings
    591       3,868       3,471       6,135  
Net earnings per share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.04       0.25       0.23       0.40  
Diluted
    0.04       0.25       0.23       0.40  
                                 
                                 
    2009 Quarters Ended  
   
April 4
   
July 4
   
October 3
   
December 31
 
 
Net sales
  $ 92,278            96,938       85,731       85,025  
Operating (loss) income
    (1,942 )     3,355       2,566       (18,612 )
(Loss) earnings from continuing operations
    (2,968 )     3,186       5,989       (19,356 )
Loss from discontinued operations
    -       -       (709 )     (6,207 )
Net (loss) earnings
    (2,968 )     3,186       5,280       (25,563 )
Net (loss) earnings per share:
                               
Basic:
                               
Continuing operations
  $ (0.20 )     0.21       0.39       (1.27 )
Discontinued operations
    -       -       (0.05 )     (0.41 )
                                 
Net (loss) earnings
  $ (0.20 )     0.21       0.34       (1.68 )
                                 
Diluted:
                               
Continuing operations
  $ (0.20 )     0.21       0.39       (1.27 )
Discontinued operations
    -       -       (0.05 )     (0.41 )
                                 
Net (loss) earnings
  $ (0.20 )     0.21       0.34       (1.68 )
                                 
 
The sum of the earnings per share information on an interim basis in the two tables above may not equal the earnings per share information for the full year due to rounding differences.
 
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