Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc. - FORM 10-Q - August 4, 2010

Attached files

file filename
EX-10.2 - RESTRICTED UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT, BY AND BETWEEN VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND BRITT PENCE - Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc.exhibit10-2.htm
EX-32.1 - CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 - Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc.exhibit32-1.htm
EX-10.3 - PHANTOM UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT, BY AND BETWEEN VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC, VNR HOLDINGS, LLC AND BRITT PENCE - Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc.exhibit10-3.htm
EX-32.2 - CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 - Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc.exhibit32-2.htm
EX-31.1 - CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A ? 14 OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 - Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc.exhibit31-1.htm
EX-31.2 - CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A ? 14 OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 - Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc.exhibit31-2.htm
EX-10.1 - EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT, DATED JUNE 18, 2010, BY AND BETWEEN BRITT PENCE, VNR HOLDINGS, LLC AND VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC - Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc.exhibit10-1.htm
 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q
 
     
(Mark One)
    
x
  
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2010
OR
o
  
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to
 
Commission File Number:  001-33756
 
Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
Delaware
  
61-1521161
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
5847 San Felipe, Suite 3000
Houston, Texas
  
77057
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
  
(Zip Code)
 
Telephone Number: (832) 327-2255
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes  o   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No  x
        Common units outstanding on August 2, 2010: 21,666,173. 




 
 
 

4
VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
   
Page
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
     

 
 
 


 

Below is a list of terms that are common to our industry and used throughout this document:
 
/day
  
= per day
  
Mcf
  
= thousand cubic feet
             
Bbls
  
= barrels
  
Mcfe
  
= thousand cubic feet of natural gas equivalents
             
Bcfe
  
= billion cubic feet of natural gas equivalents
  
MMBtu
  
= million British thermal units
             
Gal
  
= gallons
  
MMcf
  
= million cubic feet
             
 
When we refer to natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil in “equivalents,” we are doing so to compare quantities of natural gas liquids and oil with quantities of natural gas or to express these different commodities in a common unit. In calculating equivalents, we use a generally recognized standard in which 42 gallons is equal to one Bbl of oil or one Bbl of natural gas liquids and one Bbl of oil or one Bbl of natural gas liquids is equal to six Mcf of natural gas. Also, when we refer to cubic feet measurements, all measurements are at a pressure of 14.73 pounds per square inch.
 
References in this report to (1) “us,” “we,” “our,” “the Company,” “Vanguard” or “VNR” are to Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC and its subsidiaries, including Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC, Trust Energy Company, LLC (“TEC”), VNR Holdings, Inc. (“VNRH”), Ariana Energy, LLC (“Ariana Energy”), Vanguard Permian, LLC (“Vanguard Permian”) and VNR Finance Corp. (“VNRF”) and (2) “Predecessor,” “our operating subsidiary” or “VNG” are to Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
(in thousands, except per unit data)
(Unaudited)

  
  
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
 
2010
    
2009
    
2010
    
2009
  
Revenues:
  
 
    
 
                  
Natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales
  
$
19,446
    
$
9,404
    
$
39,516
    
$
18,606
  
Loss on commodity cash flow hedges
    
(517
)
    
(378
)
    
(1,559
)
    
(1,274
)
Realized gain on other commodity derivative contracts
    
6,547
      
7,964
      
11,761
      
15,784
  
Unrealized gain (loss) on other commodity derivative contracts
    
(90
)
    
(14,101
)
    
10,720
      
(4,272
)
Total revenues
    
25,386
      
2,889
      
60,438
      
28,844
  
                                 
Costs and expenses:
                                
Lease operating expenses
    
4,634
      
2,778
      
8,707
      
5,911
  
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion
    
5,713
      
2,645
      
9,951
      
6,428
  
Impairment of natural gas and oil properties
    
—
      
—
      
—
      
63,818
  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    
1,134
      
2,941
      
2,534
      
6,093
  
Production and other taxes
    
1,880
      
921
      
3,462
      
1,563
  
Total costs and expenses
    
13,361
      
9,285
      
24,654
      
83,813
  
                                 
Income (loss) from operations
    
12,025
      
(6,396
) 
    
35,784
      
(54,969
)
                                 
Other income and (expense):
                                
Interest expense
    
(1,523
)
    
(979
)
    
(2,814
)
    
(1,992
)
Realized loss on interest rate derivative contracts
    
(483
)
    
(398
)
    
(998
)
    
(734
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative contracts
    
(434
)
    
1,005
      
(684
)
    
962
  
Loss on acquisition of natural gas and oil properties
    
(5,680
)
    
—
      
(5,680
)
    
—
  
Total other expense
    
(8,120
)
    
(372
)
    
(10,176
)
    
(1,764
)
                                 
Net income (loss)
  
$
3,905
    
$
(6,768
) 
  
$
25,608
    
$
(56,733
)
                                 
Net income (loss)  per Common and Class B units – basic and diluted
  
$ 
0.19
    
$ 
(0.54
) 
  
$ 
1.30
    
$ 
(4.51
) 
                                 
Weighted average units outstanding:
                                
Common units – basic
    
19,988
      
12,146
      
19,206
      
12,146
  
Common units – diluted
    
20,004
      
12,146
      
19,222
      
12,146
  
Class B units – basic & diluted
    
420
      
420
      
420
      
420
  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
3
 

VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
(in thousands, except unit data)
   
June 30,
 2010
    
December 31,
2009
  
   
(Unaudited)
        
Assets
            
Current assets
            
Cash and cash equivalents
   $ 2,256     $ 487  
Trade accounts receivable, net
     8,586       8,025  
Derivative assets
     21,254       16,190  
Other receivables
     2,134       2,224  
Other current assets
     727       1,317  
Total current assets
     34,957       28,243  
                 
Natural gas and oil properties, at cost
     514,354       399,212  
Accumulated depletion
     (236,477 )     (226,687 )
Natural gas and oil properties evaluated, net – full cost method
     277,877       172,525  
                 
Other assets
                
Derivative assets
     9,546       5,225  
Deferred financing costs
     3,392       3,298  
Other assets
     2,172       1,409  
Total assets
   $ 327,944     $ 210,700  
                 
Liabilities and members’ equity
                
                 
Current liabilities
                
Accounts payable – trade
   $ 2,338     $ 766  
Accounts payable – natural gas and oil
     2,230       2,299  
Payables to affiliates
     935       1,387  
Deferred swap premium liability
     1,557       1,334  
Derivative liabilities
     353       253  
Phantom unit compensation accrual
     48       4,299  
Accrued ad valorem taxes
     1,162       903  
Accrued expenses
     835       1,178  
Total current liabilities
     9,458       12,419  
                 
Long-term debt
     171,700       129,800  
Derivative liabilities
     2,553       2,036  
Deferred swap premium liability
     854       1,739  
Asset retirement obligations
     5,011       4,420  
Total liabilities
     189,576       150,414  
                 
Commitments and contingencies
                
                 
Members’ equity
                
Members’ capital, 21,666,173 common units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2010 and 18,416,173 at December 31, 2009
     136,813       59,873  
Class B units, 420,000 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009
     5,628       5,930  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
     (4,073 )     (5,517 )
Total members’ equity
     138,368       60,286  
Total liabilities and members’ equity
   $ 327,944     $ 210,700  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
4
 

VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2010 AND THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2009
(in thousands, except unit data)
(Unaudited)

   
Common Units
    
Common Units Amount
    
Class B Units
    
Class B Units Amount
    
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
    
Total Members’ Equity
  
Balance at January 1, 2009
     12,146     $ 88,550       420     $ 4,606     $ (7,805 )   $ 85,351  
Distributions to members ($0.50 per unit to unitholders of record January 30, 2009, April 30, 2009, July 31, 2009 and November 6, 2009, respectively)
     —       (26,258 )     —       (840 )     —       (27,098 )
Issuance of common units, net of offering costs of $613
     6,520       97,627       —       —       —       97,627  
Redemption of common units
     (250 )     (4,305 )     —       —       —       (4,305 )
Unit-based compensation
     —       (6 )     —       2,164       —       2,158  
Net loss
     —       (95,735 )     —       —       —       (95,735 )
Settlement of cash flow hedges in other comprehensive income
     —       —       —       —       2,288       2,288  
Balance at December 31, 2009
     18,416     $ 59,873       420     $ 5,930     $ (5,517 )   $ 60,286  
Distributions to members ($0.525 per unit to unitholders of record February 5, 2010 and May 7, 2010)
     —       (19,337 )     —       (441 )     —       (19,778 )
Issuance of common units, net of offering costs of $191
     3,250       71,374       —       —       —       71,374  
Unit-based compensation
     —       (705 )     —       139       —       (566 )
Net income
     —       25,608       —       —       —       25,608  
Settlement of cash flow hedges in other comprehensive income
     —       —       —       —       1,444       1,444  
Balance at June 30, 2010
     21,666     $ 136,813       420     $ 5,628     $ (4,073 )   $ 138,368  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
5
 

VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2010
    
2009
  
Operating activities
            
Net income (loss)
   $ 25,608     $ (56,733 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
                
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion
     9,951       6,428  
Impairment of natural gas and oil properties
     —       63,818  
Amortization of deferred financing costs
     604       202  
Unit-based compensation
     466       1,763  
Non-cash compensation associated with phantom units granted to officers
     48       2,252  
Amortization of premiums paid on derivative contracts
     998       1,818  
Amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired
     1,168       754  
Unrealized (gains) losses on other commodity and interest rate derivative contracts
     (10,036 )     3,310  
Loss on acquisition of natural gas and oil properties
     5,680       —  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                
Trade accounts receivable
     (561 )     1,521  
Other receivables
     90       (398 )
Payables to affiliates
     (452 )     (1,726 )
Other current assets
     77       267  
Price risk management activities, net
     (115 )     (30 )
Accounts payable
     1,503       (1,934 ) 
Accrued expenses
     (3,525 )     173  
Other assets
     (47 )     (25 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
     31,457       21,460  
                 
Investing activities
                
Additions to property and equipment
     (121 )     (9 )
Additions to natural gas and oil properties
     (7,647 )     (1,912 )
Acquisitions of natural gas and oil properties
     (112,349 )     (218 )
Deposits and prepayments of natural gas and oil properties
     (948 )     (42 )
Net cash used in investing activities
     (121,065 )     (2,181 )
                 
Financing activities
                
Proceeds from borrowings
     121,900       10,500  
Repayment of debt
     (80,000 )     (13,000 )
Proceeds from equity offering, net
     71,374       —  
Distributions to members
     (19,778 )     (12,566 )
Financing costs
     (698 )     (177 )
Purchase of units for issuance as unit-based compensation
     (1,421 )     (324 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
     91,377       (15,567 )
                 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
     1,769       3,712  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
     487       3  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
   $ 2,256     $ 3,715  
                 
Supplemental cash flow information:
                
Cash paid for interest
   $ 2,148     $ 1,892  
                 
Non-cash financing and investing activities:
                
Asset retirement obligations
   $ 514     $ —  
Non-monetary exchange of natural gas and oil properties
   $ —     $ 2,660  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 
6
 

VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
 
2010
    
2009
    
2010
    
2009
  
                             
Net income (loss)
  
$
3,905
    
$
(6,768
) 
  
$
25,608
    
$
(56,733
) 
                                 
Net gains (losses) from derivative contracts:
                                
Reclassification adjustments for settlements
    
448
      
357
      
1,444
      
1,244
  
Other comprehensive income
    
448
      
357
      
1,444
      
1,244
  
                                 
Comprehensive income (loss)
  
$
4,353
    
$ 
(6,411
)
  
$
27,052
    
$ 
(55,489
)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements


 
7
 
VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Unaudited)



Description of the Business:

We are a publicly-traded limited liability company focused on the acquisition and development of mature, long-lived natural gas and oil properties in the United States. Through our operating subsidiaries, we own properties in the southern portion of the Appalachian Basin, primarily in southeast Kentucky and northeast Tennessee, in the Permian Basin, primarily in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico, in south Texas and in Mississippi.
 
References in this report to (1) “us,” “we,” “our,” “the Company,” “Vanguard” or “VNR” are to Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC and its subsidiaries, including Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC, Trust Energy Company, LLC (“TEC”), VNR Holdings, Inc. (“VNRH”), Ariana Energy, LLC (“Ariana Energy”), Vanguard Permian, LLC (“Vanguard Permian”) and VNR Finance Corp. (“VNRF”) and (2) “Predecessor,” “our operating subsidiary” or “VNG” are to Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC.
 
We were formed in October 2006 but effective January 5, 2007, Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC (formerly Nami Holding Company, LLC) was separated into our operating subsidiary and Vinland Energy Eastern, LLC ("Vinland"). As part of the separation, we retained all of our Predecessor’s proved producing wells and associated reserves. We also retained 40% of our Predecessor’s working interest in the known producing horizons in approximately 95,000 gross undeveloped acres and a contract right to receive approximately 99% of the net proceeds from the sale of production from certain producing gas and oil wells. In the separation, Vinland was conveyed the remaining 60% of our Predecessor’s working interest in the known producing horizons in this acreage, 100% of our Predecessor’s working interest in depths above and 100 feet below our known producing horizons. Vinland operates all of our existing wells in Appalachia and all of the wells that we drill in Appalachia.
 
1.  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying financial statements are unaudited and were prepared from our records. We derived the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2009, from the audited financial statements filed in our 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Because this is an interim period filing presented using a condensed format, it does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q along with our 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contains a summary of our significant accounting policies and other disclosures. In our opinion, we have made all adjustments which are of a normal, recurring nature to fairly present our interim period results. Information for interim periods may not be indicative of our operating results for the entire year. Additionally, our financial statements for prior periods include reclassifications that were made to conform to the current period presentation. Those reclassifications did not impact our reported net income, members’ equity, or net cash flows.

As of June 30, 2010, our significant accounting policies are consistent with those discussed in Note 1 of our consolidated financial statements contained in our 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K, except for those under Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements.

(a)  
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries.  We present our financial statements in accordance with GAAP.  All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
  
(b)  
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements:

In June 2009, the FASB issued guidance to change financial reporting by enterprises involved with variable interest entities (“VIEs”). The standard replaces the quantitative-based risks and rewards calculation for determining which enterprise has a controlling financial interest in a VIE with an approach focused on identifying which enterprise has the power to direct the activities of a VIE and the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive the entity’s residual returns. This standard was effective for us on January 1, 2010. We do not have any interests in variable interest entities; therefore, this standard did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2010, the FASB issued authoritative guidance intended to improve disclosures about fair value measurements. The guidance requires entities to disclose significant transfers in and out of fair value hierarchy levels and the reasons for the transfers and to present information about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements separately in the reconciliation of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Additionally, the guidance clarifies that a reporting entity should provide fair value measurements for each class of assets and liabilities and disclose the inputs and valuation techniques used for fair value measurements using significant other observable inputs (Level 2) and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). This guidance was effective for us on January 1, 2010 except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements in the Level 3 reconciliation, which will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. As this guidance provides only disclosure requirements, the adoption of this standard did not impact our results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

 
8
 
(c)  
New Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted:

In March 2010, the FASB issued authoritative guidance intended to clarify the scope exception related to embedded credit derivative features related to the transfer of credit risk in the form of subordination of one financial instrument to another. The guidance addresses how to determine which embedded credit derivative features, including those in collateralized debt obligations and synthetic collateralized debt obligations, are considered to be embedded derivatives that should not be analyzed under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” Subtopic 15-25 for potential bifurcation and separate accounting. This guidance is effective for each reporting entity at the beginning of its fiscal quarter beginning after June 15, 2010. We do not have any embedded credit derivative features with respect to our financial instruments; therefore, this standard is not expected to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(d)  
Use of Estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates pertain to proved natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil reserves and related cash flow estimates used in impairment tests of natural gas and oil properties, the fair value of derivative contracts and asset retirement obligations, accrued natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil revenues and expenses, as well as estimates of expenses related to depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2.  
Acquisitions

 On July 17, 2009, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Segundo Navarro Drilling, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lewis Energy Group, for the acquisition of certain natural gas and oil properties located in the Sun TSH Field in La Salle County, Texas. We refer to this acquisition as the “Sun TSH acquisition.” The purchase price for said assets was $52.3 million with an effective date of July 1, 2009. We completed this acquisition on August 17, 2009 for an adjusted purchase price of $50.5 million. The adjusted purchase price was $50.5 million after consideration of preliminary purchase price adjustments of approximately $1.8 million, which included the settlement of a derivative contract for the latter part of August 2009 in the amount of $0.3 million. This acquisition was funded with borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility and proceeds from our public equity offering of 3.9 million common units completed on August 17, 2009. Upon closing this transaction, we assumed natural gas puts and swaps based on NYMEX pricing for approximately 61% of the estimated gas production from existing producing wells in the acquired properties for the period beginning August 2009 through December 2010, which had a fair value of $4.1 million on the closing date.

On November 27, 2009, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement, Lease Amendment and Lease Royalty Conveyance Agreement and a Conveyance Agreement to acquire certain producing natural gas and oil properties located in Ward County, Texas in the Permian Basin from private sellers, referred to as the “Ward County acquisition.” This transaction had an effective date of October 1, 2009 and was closed on December 2, 2009 for $55.0 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. This acquisition was initially funded with borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility with borrowings being reduced by $40.3 million shortly thereafter with the proceeds from a 2.6 million common unit offering. In an effort to support stable cash flows from this transaction, we entered into crude oil swaps based on NYMEX pricing for approximately 90% of the estimated oil production from existing producing wells in the acquired properties for the period beginning January 2010 through December 2013.

On April 30, 2010, we entered into a definitive agreement with a private seller for the acquisition of certain natural gas and oil properties located in Mississippi, Texas and New Mexico. We refer to this acquisition as the “Parker Creek acquisition.” The purchase price for said assets was $113.1 million with an effective date of May 1, 2010. We completed this acquisition on May 20, 2010 for an adjusted purchase price of $114.6 million, after consideration of preliminary purchase price adjustments of approximately $1.5 million. The $114.6 million purchase price was funded from the approximate $71.5 million in net proceeds from our recent equity offering and with borrowings under the Company’s existing reserve-based credit facility. In conjunction with the acquisition, we entered into crude oil hedges covering approximately 56% of the estimated production from proved producing reserves through 2013 at a weighted average price of $91.70 per barrel.

 
9
 
In accordance with the guidance contained within ASC Topic 805, the measurement of the fair value at acquisition date of the assets acquired in the Parker Creek acquisition as compared to the fair value of consideration transferred, adjusted for purchase price adjustments, resulted in a loss of $5.7 million, calculated in the following table. The loss resulted from a decrease in oil prices used to value the reserves and has been recognized in current period earnings and classified in other income and expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

   
(in thousands)
  
Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
      
Natural gas and oil properties
   $ 107,920  
Other assets
     1,505  
Asset retirement obligations
     (500 )
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquired
     108,925  
         
Fair value of consideration transferred
     114,605  
         
Loss on acquisition of natural gas and oil properties
   $ (5,680 )
 
The following unaudited pro forma results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 show the effect on our consolidated results of operations as if the Parker Creek acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2009 and the Sun TSH and Ward County acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2009. The pro forma results reflect the results of combining our statement of operations with the revenues and direct operating expenses of the oil and gas properties acquired adjusted for (1) assumption of asset retirement obligations and accretion expense for the properties acquired, (2) depletion expense applied to the adjusted basis of the properties acquired using the acquisition method of accounting, (3) interest expense on additional borrowings necessary to finance the acquisitions, (4) non-cash impairment charge, and (5) the impact of additional common units issued in connection with our 2010 equity offering completed at the time of the Parker Creek acquisition and our 2009 equity offerings  completed at the time of the Sun TSH and Ward County acquisitions. The pro forma information is based upon these assumptions, and is not necessarily indicative of future results of operations (in thousands):

   
Proforma
(in thousands, except per unit data)
(unaudited)
   
Three Months Ended 
June 30,
  
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2010
  
2009
  
2010
  
2009
  
Total revenues
  
$
27,639
  
$
11,014
  
$
66,916
  
$
45,095
  
Net income (loss)
  
$
5,454
  
$
(2,860)
  
$
30,061
  
$
(48,917)
  
Net income (loss) per unit:
                
    Common & Class B units – basic
  
$
0.25
  
$
(0.13)
  
$
1.36
  
$
(2.21)
  
Common & Class B units – diluted
  
$
0.25
  
$
(0.13)
  
$
1.36
  
$
(2.21)
  

The amount of revenues and excess of revenues over direct operating expenses included in our 2010 consolidated statements of operations for each of our acquisitions mentioned above are shown in the table that follows. Direct operating expenses include lease operating expenses, selling general and administrative expenses and production and other taxes.

 
Three Months Ended
Six Months Ended
   
June 30, 2010
  
June 30, 2010
   
(in thousands)
Sun TSH
          
Revenues
  
$
2,772
  
$
6,360
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  
$
1,324
  
$
3,632
Ward County
          
Revenues
  
$
3,313
  
$
7,236
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  
$
1,721
  
$
4,707
Parker Creek
            
Revenues
  
$
2,038
  
$
2,038
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses
  
$
1,709
  
$
1,709

 
 
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3.  
Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt

Our credit facility and long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
     
   
  
Amount Outstanding
  
Description
  Interest   Rate
Maturity Date
  
June 30,
2010
    
December 31,
2009
  
Senior secured reserve-based credit facility
Variable (1)
October 1, 2012
   $ 171,700     $ 129,800  
        $ 171,700     $ 129,800  
 
(1)  
Variable interest rate was 2.8% and 2.7% at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.

Senior Secured Reserve-Based Credit Facility
 
In January 2007, we entered into a four-year revolving reserve-based credit facility (“reserve-based credit facility”) with Citibank, N.A. and BNP Paribas. All of our Predecessor’s outstanding debt was repaid with borrowings under this reserve-based credit facility, including an early prepayment penalty of $2.5 million. The available credit line (“borrowing base”) is subject to adjustment from time to time but not less than on a semi-annual basis based on the projected discounted present value (as determined by the bank’s petroleum engineers) of estimated future net cash flows from certain of our proved natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil reserves. The reserve-based credit facility is secured by a first lien security interest in all of our natural gas and oil properties. Additional borrowings were made in January 2008 pursuant to the acquisition of natural gas and oil properties in the Permian Basin. In February 2008, our reserve-based credit facility was amended and restated to extend the maturity from January 3, 2011 to March 31, 2011, increase the maximum facility amount from $200.0 million to $400.0 million, increase our borrowing base from $110.5 million to $150.0 million and add two additional financial institutions as lenders, Wachovia Bank, N.A. and The Bank of Nova Scotia. In May 2008, our reserve-based credit facility was amended in response to a potential acquisition that ultimately did not occur. As a result, none of the provisions included in this amendment went into effect. In July 2008 an additional $30.0 million was borrowed to fund a portion of the cash consideration paid in the Dos Hermanos acquisition and in October 2008, we amended our reserve-based credit facility, which set our borrowing base under the facility at $175.0 million pursuant to our semi-annual redetermination and added a new lender, BBVA Compass Bank. In February 2009, our reserve-based credit facility was amended to allow us to repurchase up to $5.0 million of our own units. In May 2009, our borrowing base was set at $154.0 million pursuant to our semi-annual redetermination. In June 2009, a fourth amendment to our reserve-based credit facility was entered into which temporarily increased the percentage of outstanding indebtedness for which interest rate derivatives could be used. The percentage was increased from 75% to 85% but was to revert back to 75% in one year at June 2010. In August 2009, our reserve-based credit facility was amended and restated to (1) extend the maturity from March 31, 2011 to October 1, 2012, (2) increase our borrowing base from $154.0 million to $175.0 million, (3) increase our borrowing costs, (4) permanently allow 85% of our outstanding indebtedness to be covered under interest rate derivatives, and (5) add two financial institutions as lenders, Comerica Bank and Royal Bank of Canada. On October 1, 2009, we entered into the First Amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which reduced our borrowing base under the reserve-based credit facility from $175.0 million to $170.0 million pursuant to our semi-annual redetermination and changed the definition of majority lenders from 75% to 66.67%. All other terms under the reserve-based credit facility remained the same. In December 2009, our borrowing base was increased from $170.0 million to $195.0 million pursuant to an interim redetermination requested by the Company due to the Ward County acquisition. In June 2010, we entered into the Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which (1) increased the borrowing base to $240 million, (2) allows us to enter into commodity price hedges with respect to the acquired production upon signing a purchase and sale agreement, (3) added a new lender, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, and (4) allows us to hedge up to 85% of the projected oil and gas production from total proved reserves. Previously, our hedging was limited to 95% of the projected oil and gas production from proved developed producing reserves. The other terms and conditions of the reserve-based credit facility remained substantially the same. Indebtedness under the reserve-based credit facility totaled $171.7 million at June 30, 2010.

 
11
 
Interest rates under the reserve-based credit facility are based on Eurodollar (LIBOR) or ABR (Prime) indications, plus a margin. Interest is generally payable quarterly for ABR loans and at the applicable maturity date for LIBOR loans. At June 30, 2010 the applicable margin and other fees increase as the utilization of the borrowing base increases as follows:
 
Borrowing Base Utilization Percentage
  
<50%
  
>50% <75%
  
>75% <90%
  
>90%
  
Eurodollar Loans Margin
  
2.25%
  
2.50%
  
2.75%
  
3.00%
  
ABR Loans Margin
  
1.25%
  
1.50%
  
1.75%
  
2.00%
  
Commitment Fee Rate
  
0.50%
  
0.50%
  
0.50%
  
0.50%
  
Letter of Credit Fee
  
2.25%
  
2.50%
  
2.75%
  
3.00%
  

Our reserve-based credit facility contains a number of customary covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, limit our ability to incur indebtedness, enter into commodity and interest rate derivatives, grant certain liens, make certain loans, acquisitions, capital expenditures and investments, merge or consolidate, engage in certain asset dispositions, including a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, or make distributions to our unitholders when our outstanding borrowings exceed 90% of our borrowing base. At June 30, 2010, we were in compliance with our debt covenants. 

4.  
Price and Interest Rate Risk Management Activities

We have entered into derivative contracts with counterparties that are lenders under our reserve-based credit facility, Citibank N.A., BNP Paribas, The Bank of Nova Scotia, BBVA Compass Bank and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (also under the name Wachovia Bank, N.A.), to hedge price risk associated with a portion of our natural gas and oil production. While it is never management’s intention to hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes, conditions sometimes arise where actual production is less than estimated which has, and could, result in overhedged volumes. Under fixed-priced commodity swap agreements, we receive a fixed price on a notional quantity in exchange for paying a variable price based on a market index, such as the Columbia Gas Appalachian Index (“TECO Index”), Henry Hub or Houston Ship Channel for natural gas production and the West Texas Intermediate Light Sweet for oil production. In addition to these fixed price swap derivatives, we sell calls and give counterparties the option to extend certain swaps into subsequent years at specified pricing. Proceeds from the sale of the calls or extendable options may be used to improve the fixed price on the fixed price swaps. Under put option agreements, we pay the counterparty an option premium, equal to the fair value of the option at the purchase date. At settlement date we receive the excess, if any, of the fixed floor over floating rate. Under collar contracts, we pay the counterparty if the market price is above the ceiling price and the counterparty pays us if the market price is below the floor price on a notional quantity. Put options for natural gas are settled based on the NYMEX price for natural gas at Henry Hub and collars are settled based on a market index selected by us at inception of the contract. We also enter into fixed LIBOR interest rate swap agreements, which require exchanges of cash flows that serve to synthetically convert a portion of our variable interest rate obligations to fixed interest rates.

Under ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging,” all derivative instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value as either short-term or long-term assets or liabilities based on their anticipated settlement date. We net derivative assets and liabilities for counterparties where we have a legal right of offset. Changes in the derivatives’ fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For qualifying cash flow hedges, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets to the extent the hedge is effective. Gains and losses on cash flow hedges included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to gains (losses) on commodity cash flow hedges or gains (losses) on interest rate derivative contracts in the period that the related production is delivered or the contract settles. Gains and losses on derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are recorded as realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other commodity derivative contracts or realized and unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate derivative contracts in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of June 30, 2010, we have open commodity derivative contracts covering our anticipated future production as follows:
 
Swap Agreements
 
   
Gas
  
Oil
  
Contract Period  
  
MMBtu
  
Weighted
Average
Fixed Price
  
Bbls
  
WTI
Price
  
July 1, 2010 - December 31, 2010  
  
2,241,930
  
$
8.63
  
181,200
  
$
87.16
  
January 1, 2011 - December 31, 2011  
  
3,328,312
  
$
7.83
  
443,250
  
$
87.94
  
January 1, 2012 - December 31, 2012  
  
—
  
$
—
  
347,700
  
$
90.03
  
January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013  
  
—
  
$
—
  
296,400
  
$
89.84
  
January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2014  
  
—
  
$
—
  
209,875
  
$
94.37
  

 
 
12
 
Swaptions

Calls were sold or options were provided to counterparties to extend the swap into subsequent years as follows:
 
   
Oil
  
Contract Period  
  
Bbls
  
Weighted
Average
Fixed Price
  
January 1, 2012 - December 31, 2012  
  
45,750
  
$
90.40
  
January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013  
  
32,100
  
$
95.00
  
January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2014  
  
127,750
  
$
95.00
  
January 1, 2015 - December 31, 2015  
  
292,000
  
$
95.63
  

Collars

   
  
Gas
    
Oil
  
Production Period:  
  
MMBtu
    
Floor
    
Ceiling
    
Bbls
    
Floor
    
Ceiling
  
 
                                    
July 1, 2010 - December 31, 2010  
     901,600     $ 7.70     $ 8.93       —     $ —     $ —  
January 1, 2011 - December 31, 2011
     1,933,500     $ 7.34     $ 8.44       —     $ —     $ —  
January 1, 2012 - December 31, 2012
     —     $ —     $ —       45,750     $ 80.00     $ 100.25  
January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013
     —     $ —     $ —       45,625     $ 80.00     $ 100.25  
 
Interest Rate Swaps

We enter into interest rate swap agreements, which require exchanges of cash flows that serve to synthetically convert a portion of our variable interest rate exposures to fixed interest rates.

As of June 30, 2010, we have open interest rate derivative contracts as follows (in thousands):

   
   Notional
 Amount
  
Fixed
Libor
Rates
  
Period:
              
July 1, 2010 to December 18, 2010
  
$
10,000
    
1.50
%
July 1, 2010 to December 20, 2010
  
$
10,000
    
1.85
%
July 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011
  
$
20,000
    
2.08
%
July 1, 2010 to December 10, 2012
  
$
20,000
    
3.35
%
July 1, 2010 to January 31, 2013
  
$
20,000
    
2.38
%
July 1, 2010 to January 31, 2013
  
$
20,000
    
2.66
%
 
 
 
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Balance Sheet Presentation

Our commodity derivatives and interest rate swap derivatives are presented on a net basis in “derivative assets” and “derivative liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets. The following summarizes the fair value of derivatives outstanding on a gross basis (in thousands).

   
June 30, 2010
  
December 31, 2009
  
Assets:
              
Commodity derivatives
  
$
39,950
  
$
34,753
  
   
$
39,950
  
$
34,753
  
Liabilities:
              
Commodity derivatives
  
$
(9,150
)
$
(13,405
) 
Interest rate swaps
    
(2,906
)
  
(2,222
) 
   
$
(12,056
)
$
(15,627
) 

By using derivative instruments to economically hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices and interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, which creates credit risk. Our counterparties are participants in our reserve-based credit facility (See Note 3. Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt for further discussion) which is secured by our natural gas and oil properties; therefore, we are not required to post any collateral. The maximum amount of loss due to credit risk that we would incur if our counterparties failed completely to perform according to the terms of the contracts, based on the gross fair value of financial instruments, was approximately $40.0 million at June 30, 2010.

We minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by: (i) entering into derivative instruments only with counterparties that are also lenders in our reserve-based credit facility and (ii) monitoring the creditworthiness of our counterparties on an ongoing basis. In accordance with our standard practice, our commodity and interest rate swap derivatives are subject to counterparty netting under agreements governing such derivatives and therefore the risk of such loss is somewhat mitigated as of June 30, 2010.  
 
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
 
Gains and losses on derivatives are reported on the consolidated statement of operations in “gain (loss) on other commodity derivative contracts” and “loss on interest rate derivative contracts” and include realized and unrealized gains (losses). Realized gains (losses) represent amounts related to the settlement of derivative instruments. Unrealized gains (losses) represent the change in fair value of the derivative instruments to be settled in the future and are non-cash items which fluctuate in value as commodity prices and interest rates change.
 
The following presents our reported gains and losses on derivative instruments (in thousands):

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2010
    
2009
    
2010
    
2009
  
Realized gains (losses):
                        
Other commodity derivatives
   $ 6,547     $ 7,964     $ 11,761     $ 15,784  
Interest rate swaps
     (483 )     (398 )      (998 )     (734 )
    $ 6,064     $ 7,566     $ 10,763     $ 15,050  
Unrealized gains (losses):
                                
Other commodity derivatives
   $ (90 )   $ (14,101 )   $ 10,720     $ (4,272 )
Interest rate swaps
     (434 )     1,005       (684 )     962  
    $ (524 )   $ (13,096 )   $ 10,036     $ (3,310 )
Total gains (losses):
                                
Other commodity derivatives
   $ 6,457     $ (6,137 )   $ 22,481     $ 11,512  
Interest rate swaps
     (917 )     607       (1,682 )     228  
    $ 5,540     $ (5,530 )   $ 20,799     $ 11,740  
 
 
14
 
 
5.  
Fair Value Measurements

We adopted ASC Topic 820 for financial assets and financial liabilities as of January 1, 2008 and for non-financial assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2009. ASC Topic 820 does not expand the use of fair value measurements, but rather, provides a framework for consistent measurement of fair value for those assets and liabilities already measured at fair value under other accounting pronouncements. Certain specific fair value measurements, such as those related to share-based compensation, are not included in the scope of ASC Topic 820. Primarily, ASC Topic 820 is applicable to assets and liabilities related to financial instruments, to some long-term investments and liabilities, to initial valuations of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, and to long-lived assets carried at fair value subsequent to an impairment write-down. It does not apply to oil and natural gas properties accounted for under the full cost method, which are subject to impairment based on Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. ASC Topic 820 applies to assets and liabilities carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet, as well as to supplemental fair value information about financial instruments not carried at fair value.
 
The estimated fair values of our financial instruments closely approximate the carrying amounts as discussed below:

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, payables to affiliates, phantom unit compensation accrual, accrued ad valorem taxes and accrued expenses. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

Long-term debt. The carrying amount of our reserve-based credit facility approximates fair value because our current borrowing rate does not materially differ from market rates for similar bank borrowings.

We have applied the provisions of ASC Topic 820 to assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. This includes natural gas, oil and interest rate derivatives contracts. ASC Topic 820 provides a definition of fair value and a framework for measuring fair value, as well as expanding disclosures regarding fair value measurements. The framework requires fair value measurement techniques to include all significant assumptions that would be made by willing participants in a market transaction. These assumptions include certain factors not consistently provided for previously by those companies utilizing fair value measurement; examples of such factors would include our own credit standing (when valuing liabilities) and the buyer’s risk premium. In adopting ASC Topic 820, we determined that the impact of these additional assumptions on fair value measurements did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.
 
ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 provides a hierarchy of fair value measurements, based on the inputs to the fair value estimation process. It requires disclosure of fair values classified according to the “levels” described below. The hierarchy is based on the reliability of the inputs used in estimating fair value and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The framework for fair value measurement assumes that transparent “observable” (Level 1) inputs generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value and should be used to measure fair value whenever available. The classification of a fair value measurement is determined based on the lowest level (with Level 3 as the lowest) of significant input to the fair value estimation process.

The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:  
     
Level 1
  
Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
     
Level  2
  
Quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.
     
Level 3
  
Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Level 3 assets and liabilities generally include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation or for which there is a lack of transparency as to the inputs used.
   
 
15
 
  As required by ASC Topic 820, financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. Our commodity derivative instruments consist of swaps and options. We estimate the fair values of the swaps and swaptions based on published forward commodity price curves for the underlying commodities as of the date of the estimate. We estimate the option value of the contract floors and ceilings using an option pricing model which takes into account market volatility, market prices and contract parameters. The discount rate used in the discounted cash flow projections is based on published LIBOR rates, Eurodollar futures rates and interest swap rates. In order to estimate the fair value of our interest rate swaps, we use a yield curve based on money market rates and interest rate swaps, extrapolate a forecast of future interest rates, estimate each future cash flow, derive discount factors to value the fixed and floating rate cash flows of each swap, and then discount to present value all known (fixed) and forecasted (floating) swap cash flows. Curve building and discounting techniques used to establish the theoretical market value of interest bearing securities are based on readily available money market rates and interest rate swap market data. To extrapolate future cash flows, discount factors incorporating our counterparties’ and our credit standing are used to discount future cash flows. We have classified the fair values of all its derivative contracts as Level 2.

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

   
  
June 30, 2010
  
   
  
Fair Value Measurements Using
    
Assets/Liabilities
  
   
  
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
at Fair value
  
Assets:
                        
Commodity price derivative contracts  
   $ —     $ 30,800     $ —     $ 30,800  
Total derivative instruments  
   $ —     $ 30,800     $ —     $ 30,800  
                                 
Liabilities:
                                
Interest rate derivative contracts  
     —       (2,906 )     —       (2,906 )
Total derivative instruments  
   $ —     $ (2,906 )   $ —     $ (2,906 )
 

   
  
December 31, 2009
  
   
  
Fair Value Measurements Using
    
Assets/Liabilities
  
   
  
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
at Fair value
  
Assets:
                        
Commodity price derivative contracts  
   $ —     $ 21,415     $ —     $ 21,415  
Total derivative instruments  
   $ —     $ 21,415     $ —     $ 21,415  
                                 
Liabilities:
                                
Commodity price derivative contracts
   $ —     $ (67 )   $ —     $ (67 )
Interest rate derivative contracts  
     —       (2,222 )     —       (2,222 )
Total derivative instruments  
   $ —     $ (2,289 )   $ —     $ (2,289 )


On January 1, 2009, we adopted the previously-deferred provisions of ASC Topic 820 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities, which are comprised primarily of asset retirement costs and obligations initially measured at fair value in accordance with ASC Topic 410 Subtopic 20 “Asset Retirement Obligations” (“ASC Topic 410-20”).  These assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value when incurred but not re-measured at fair value in subsequent periods. We classify such initial measurements as Level 3 since certain significant unobservable inputs are utilized in their determination. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of our asset retirement obligations is presented in Note 6, in accordance with ASC Topic 410-20.  During the six months ended June 30, 2010, in connection with natural gas and oil properties acquired in the Parker Creek acquisition, we incurred and recorded asset retirement obligations totaling $0.5 million at fair value. The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liability is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, converting future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Inputs to the valuation include: (1) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well based on our experience; (2) estimated remaining life per well based on average reserve life per field; (3) our credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate (4.8%); and (4) the ten year average inflation factor (2.5%).  The adoption of ASC Topic 820 on January 1, 2009, as it relates to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
 
 
16
 

 
6.  
Asset Retirement Obligations

The asset retirement obligations as of June 30 reported on our consolidated balance sheets and the changes in the asset retirement obligations for the six months ended June 30, were as follows (in thousands):

   
2010
    
2009
  
Asset retirement obligations at January 1,
   $ 4,420     $ 2,134  
Liabilities added during the current period
     514       —  
Accretion expense
     77       51  
Asset retirement obligation at June 30,
   $ 5,011     $ 2,185  

7.  
Related Party Transactions

In Appalachia, we rely on Vinland to execute our drilling program, operate our wells and gather our natural gas. We reimburse Vinland $60 per well per month (in addition to normal third party operating costs) for operating our current natural gas and oil properties in Appalachia under a Management Services Agreement (“MSA”) which costs are reflected in our lease operating expenses. Pursuant to an amendment to the MSA, we reimbursed Vinland $95 per well per month for the period from March 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009. Under a Gathering and Compression Agreement (“GCA”), Vinland receives a $0.25 per Mcf transportation fee on existing wells drilled at December 31, 2006 and $0.55 per Mcf transportation fee on any new wells drilled after December 31, 2006 within the area of mutual interest or “AMI.” The GCA was amended for the period beginning March 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009, to provide for a temporary fee based upon the actual costs incurred by Vinland to provide gathering and transportation services plus a $0.05 per mcf margin. The amendments to the MSA and the GCA expired on December 31, 2009 and all the terms of the agreements reverted back to the original agreements. Under the GCA, the transportation fee that we pay to Vinland only encompasses transporting the natural gas to third party pipelines at which point additional transportation fees to natural gas markets would apply. These transportation fees are outlined in the GCA and are reflected in our lease operating expenses. Costs incurred under the MSA were $0.5 million for each of the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 and $1.0 million and $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Costs incurred under the GCA were $0.5 million and $0.3 million for the three months June 30, 2010 and 2009 and $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. A payable of $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively, is reflected on our June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 consolidated balance sheets in connection with these agreements and direct expenses incurred by Vinland related to the drilling of new wells and operations of all of our existing wells in Appalachia.

On April 1, 2009, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, TEC, exchanged several wells and lease interests (the “Asset Exchange”) with Vinland, Appalachian Royalty Trust, LLC, and Nami Resources Company, L.L.C. (collectively, the “Nami Companies”). Each of the Nami Companies is beneficially owned by Majeed S. Nami, who, as of June 30, 2010, beneficially owned 12.3% of our common units representing limited liability company interests. In the Asset Exchange, we assigned well, strata and leasehold interests with internal estimated future cash flows of approximately $2.7 million discounted at ten percent, and received well, strata, and leasehold interests with an approximately equal value; therefore no gain or loss was recognized.

8.  
Common Units and Net Income (Loss) per Unit

Basic earnings per unit is computed in accordance with ASC Topic 260 “Earnings Per Share” (“ASC Topic 260”), by dividing net income (loss) attributable to unitholders by the weighted average number of units outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per unit is computed by adjusting the average number of units outstanding for the dilutive effect, if any, of unit equivalents.  We use the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive effect. As of June 30, 2010, we have two classes of units outstanding:  (i) units representing limited liability company interests (“common units”) listed on the NYSE under the symbol VNR and (ii) Class B units, issued to management and an employee as discussed in Note 9. Unit-Based Compensation. The Class B units participate in distributions; therefore, all Class B units were considered in the computation of basic earnings per unit.

 
17
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the 175,000 options granted to officers under the long-term incentive plan have been included in the computation of diluted earnings per unit as 15,909 additional common units would be issued and outstanding under the treasury stock method assuming the options had been exercised at the beginning of the period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, these 175,000 options had no dilutive effect as the exercise price was higher than the market price at June 30, 2009; therefore, they have been excluded in the computation of diluted earnings per unit. In addition, the 42,500 phantom units granted to officers during 2010 under our long-term incentive plan had no dilutive effect on earnings per unit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010; therefore, they have been excluded in the computation of diluted earnings per unit. The phantom units granted to officers in 2009 did not have a dilutive effect for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009; therefore, they have been excluded in the computation of earnings per unit.

In accordance with ASC Topic 260, dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per unit has been presented in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 including each class of units issued and outstanding at that date: common units and Class B units. Net income (loss) per unit is allocated to the common units and the Class B units on an equal basis. 

9.  
Unit-Based Compensation

In April 2007, the sole member at that time reserved 460,000 restricted Class B units in VNR for issuance to employees. Certain members of management were granted 365,000 restricted Class B units in VNR in April 2007, which vested two years from the date of grant. In addition, another 55,000 restricted VNR Class B units were issued in August 2007 to two other employees that were hired in April and May of 2007, which vested after three years. The remaining 40,000 restricted Class B units were not granted and are not expected to be granted in the future.

In October 2007 and February 2008, four board members were each granted 5,000 common units which vested after one year. Additionally, in October 2007, two officers were granted options to purchase an aggregate of 175,000 units under our long-term incentive plan with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price of $19.00 which vested immediately upon being granted and had a fair value of $0.1 million on the date of grant. The grant date fair value for these option awards was calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718 “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), by calculating the Black-Scholes value of each option, using a volatility rate of 12.18%, an expected dividend yield of 8.95% and a discount rate of 5.12%, and multiplying the Black-Scholes value by the number of options awarded. In determining a volatility rate of 12.18%, the Company, due to a lack of historical data regarding the Company’s common units, used the historical volatility of the Citigroup MLP Index over the 365 day period prior to the date of grant.

On January 1, 2009, in accordance with their previously negotiated employment agreement, phantom units were granted to two officers in amounts equal to 1% of our units outstanding at January 1, 2009. The amount paid in connection with the 2009 phantom units, was paid in cash and in units at the election of the officers and was equal to the appreciation in value of the units from the date of the grant until the determination date (December 31, 2009), plus cash distributions paid on the units, less an 8% hurdle rate. As of June 30, 2009, an accrued liability and non-cash unit-based compensation expense of $2.3 million was recognized in the selling, general and administrative expense line item in the consolidated statement of operations.

Furthermore, on January 7, 2009, four board members were each granted 5,000 common units which vested in January 2010 and on February 27, 2009, employees were granted 17,950 units which vested in February 2010.

In January and March 2010, four board members were each granted 3,764 common units, one officer was granted 6,500 units and one board member was granted 2,663 common units each of which will vest after one year. In February 2010, the Company and VNRH entered into second amended and restated Executive Employment Agreements (the “Amended Agreements”) with two executives. The Amended Agreements were effective January 1, 2010 and will continue until January 1, 2013, with subsequent one year renewals in the event that neither we, VNRH nor the executives have given notice to the other parties that the agreements should not be extended. Also in June 2010, the Company and VNRH entered into a second amended and restated Executive Employment Agreement (the “Amended Agreement”) with one executive. The Amended Agreement was effective May 15, 2010 and will continue until May 15, 2013, with subsequent one year renewals in the event that neither we, VNRH nor the executive have given notice to the other parties that the agreements should not be extended. All three Amended Agreements provide for an annual base salary and include an annual bonus structure for the executives. The annual bonus will be calculated based upon two company performance elements, absolute target distribution growth and relative unit performance to peer group, as well as a third discretionary element to be determined by our board of directors for the Amended Agreements entered into in February 2010 and by the Chief Executive officer for the Amended Agreement entered into in June 2010. Each of the three components will be weighted equally in calculating the respective executive officer’s annual bonus. The annual bonus does not require a minimum payout, although the maximum payout may not exceed two times the respective executive’s annual base salary.
 
 
18
 
The Amended Agreements entered into in February 2010 also provide for each executive to receive 15,000 restricted units granted pursuant to the Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”) and the Amended Agreement entered into in June 2010 provides for the executive to receive an annual grant of 12,500 restricted units granted pursuant to the LTIP. The restricted units are subject to a vesting period of three years. One-third of the aggregate number of the restricted units will vest on each one-year anniversary of the date of grant so long as the executive remains continuously employed with the Company. In the event the executives are terminated without “Cause,” or the executive resigns for “Good Reason” (each term of which is defined in the executive’s respective Amended Agreement), or the executive is terminated due to his death or “Disability” (as such term is defined in the Amended Agreement), all unvested outstanding restricted units shall receive accelerated vesting. Where the executive is terminated for “Cause,” all restricted units, whether vested or unvested, will be forfeited. Upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control,” (as defined in the LTIP), all unvested outstanding restricted units shall vest.

In addition, the Amended Agreements entered into in February 2010 provide for each executive to receive an annual grant of 15,000 phantom units granted pursuant to the LTIP and the Amended Agreement entered into in June 2010 provides for the executive to receive an annual grant of 12,500 phantom units granted pursuant to the LTIP. The phantom units are also subject to a three year vesting period, although the vesting is not pro-rata, but a one-time event which shall occur on the three year anniversary of the date of grant so long as the executive remains continuously employed with the Company during such time. The phantom units are accompanied by dividend equivalent rights, which entitle the executives to receive the value of any distributions made by the Company on its units generally with respect to the number of phantom shares that executive received pursuant to this grant. In the event the executive is terminated for “Cause” (as such term is defined in the Amended Agreement), all phantom units, whether vested or unvested, will be forfeited. The phantom units, once vested, shall be settled upon the earlier to occur of (a) the occurrence of a “Change of Control,” (as defined in the LTIP), or (b) the executive’s separation from service. The amount to be paid in connection with these phantom units, can be paid in cash or in units at the election of the officers and will be equal to the appreciation in value of the units from the date of the grant until the determination date (December 31, 2013). As of June 30, 2010, an accrued liability and non-cash unit-based compensation expense of $0.05 million has been recognized in the selling, general and administrative expense line item in the consolidated statement of operations.

These common units, Class B units, options and phantom units were granted as partial consideration for services to be performed under employment contracts and thus will be subject to accounting for these grants under ASC Topic 718. The fair value of restricted units issued is determined based on the fair market value of common units on the date of the grant. This value is amortized over the vesting period as referenced above. A summary of the status of the non-vested units as of June 30, 2010 is presented below:

   
Number of 
Non-vested Units
    
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
  
   
 
   
   
 
Non-vested units at December 31, 2009
     92,950     $ 14.54  
Granted
     66,719     $ 22.18  
Vested
     (92,950 )   $ (14.54 )
Non-vested units at June 30, 2010
     66,719     $ 22.18  

At June 30, 2010, there was approximately $1.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted units. The cost is expected to be recognized over an average period of approximately 1.9 years. Our consolidated statements of operations reflects non-cash compensation of $0.2 million and $1.8 million in the selling, general and administrative line item for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 and $0.5 million and $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

10.  
Shelf Registration Statement

During the third quarter 2009, we filed a registration statement with the SEC which registered offerings of up to $300.0 million of any combination of debt securities, common units and guarantees of debt securities by our subsidiaries. Net proceeds, terms and pricing of the offering of securities issued under the shelf registration statement will be determined at the time of the offerings. The shelf registration statement does not provide assurance that we will or could sell any such securities. Our ability to utilize the shelf registration statement for the purpose of issuing, from time to time, any combination of debt securities or common units will depend upon, among other things, market conditions and the existence of investors who wish to purchase our securities at prices acceptable to us. In July 2010, a new shelf registration statement was filed with the SEC. See Note 11. Subsequent Event for additional information.

 
19
 
In August 2009, we completed an offering of 3.9 million of our common units. The units were offered to the public at a price of $14.25 per unit. We received net proceeds of approximately $53.2 million from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts of $2.4 million and offering costs of $0.5 million. In December 2009, we completed an offering of 2.6 million of our common units. The units were offered to the public at a price of $18.00 per unit. We received net proceeds of approximately $44.4 million from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts of $2.0 million and offering costs of $0.1 million. We paid $4.3 million of the proceeds from this offering to redeem 250,000 common units from our largest unitholder. In May 2010, we completed an offering of 3.3 million of our common units. The units were offered to the public at a price of $23.00 per unit. We received proceeds of approximately $71.5 million from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts of $3.2 million and offering costs of $0.06 million.

As a result of these offerings, we have approximately $122.6 million remaining available under our 2009 shelf registration statement as of June 30, 2010.

11.  
Subsequent Event

In July 2010, we filed a registration statement with the SEC which registered offerings of up to $800.0 million of any combination of debt securities, common units and guarantees of debt securities by our subsidiaries, and which, as of the date of the issuance of these financial statements, has yet to be declared effective. Net proceeds, terms and pricing of the offering of securities issued under the shelf registration statement will be determined at the time of the offerings. The shelf registration statement does not provide assurance that we will or could sell any such securities. Our ability to utilize the shelf registration statement for the purpose of issuing, from time to time, any combination of debt securities or common units will depend upon, among other things, market conditions and the existence of investors who wish to purchase our securities at prices acceptable to us.


 
20
 

 
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes presented in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and information disclosed in our 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
This report contains “forward-looking statements” intended to qualify for the safe harbors from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements included in this quarterly report that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto), including, without limitation, the information set forth in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology including “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue,” or other similar words. These statements discuss future expectations, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition, or state other “forward-looking” information. We and our representatives may from time to time make other oral or written statements that are also forward-looking statements.
 
Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated as of the date of this report. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements include, among other things, those set forth in the Risk Factor section of the 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and those set forth from time to time in our filings with the SEC, which are available on our website at www.vnrllc.com and through the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”) at http://www.sec.gov.
 
All forward-looking statements included in this report are based on information available to us on the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained throughout this report.
 
Overview
 
We are a publicly-traded limited liability company focused on the acquisition and development of mature, long-lived natural gas and oil properties in the United States. Our primary business objective is to generate stable cash flows allowing us to make quarterly cash distributions to our unitholders and over time to increase our quarterly cash distributions through the acquisition of new natural gas and oil properties. Our properties are located in the southern portion of the Appalachian Basin, primarily in southeast Kentucky and northeast Tennessee, the Permian Basin, primarily in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico, in south Texas and in Mississippi.
 
We owned working interests in 2,109 gross (1,210 net) productive wells at June 30, 2010, and our average net production for the year ended December 31, 2009 and for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was 20,010 Mcfe per day and 26,774 Mcfe per day, respectively. In addition to these productive wells, we own leasehold acreage allowing us to drill new wells. We have an approximate 40% working interest in the known producing horizons in approximately 109,500 gross undeveloped acres surrounding or adjacent to our existing wells located in southeast Kentucky and northeast Tennessee. Furthermore, in South Texas, the Permian Basin and Mississippi, we own working interest ranging from 30-100% in approximately 16,930 undeveloped acres surrounding our existing wells. Based on internal reserve estimates at June 30, 2010, approximately 32% or 56.2 Bcfe of our estimated proved reserves were attributable to our working interests in undeveloped acreage.

Disruption to Functioning of Capital Markets

Multiple events during 2009 involving numerous financial institutions have effectively restricted liquidity within the capital markets throughout the United States and around the world. While capital markets remain volatile, efforts by treasury and banking regulators in the United States, Europe and other nations around the world to provide liquidity to the financial sector have improved the situation. As evidenced by our recent successful equity offerings, successful amendment of our reserve-based credit facility and recent successful equity and debt offerings by our peers, we believe that our access to capital has improved and we have been successful in improving our financial position to date.

During the first half of 2010, our unit price closed at a high of $25.19 on March 2, 2010 and our unit price declined to a closing low of $18.93 on May 20, 2010. Also, during the six months ended June 30, 2010, we completed one well on an operated property, drilled one operated well to be completed in the third quarter and drilled and completed four non-operated wells. We intend to move forward with our development drilling program in the second half of 2010 on selected wells that we expect will allow for an adequate return on the drilling investment. Future drilling will be done only when adequate returns and liquidity will allow. Maintaining adequate liquidity may involve the issuance of debt or equity at less attractive terms, could involve the sale of non-core assets, and could require reductions in our capital spending. In the near-term, we will focus on maximizing returns on existing assets by managing our costs, selectively deploying capital to improve existing production and drilling a limited number of wells which we believe will provide an adequate return on the investment.

 
21
 
Sun TSH Acquisition

On July 17, 2009, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Segundo Navarro Drilling Ltd. (“Segundo”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lewis Energy Group (“Lewis”), to acquire certain natural gas and oil properties located in the Sun TSH Field in La Salle County, Texas for $52.3 million, referred to as the “Sun TSH acquisition.” The acquisition had a July 1, 2009 effective date and was completed on August 17, 2009 for an adjusted purchase price of $50.5 million. An affiliate of Lewis operates all of the wells acquired in this transaction. This acquisition was funded with borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility and proceeds from our public equity offering of 3.9 million common units completed on August 17, 2009. At closing, we assumed natural gas puts and swaps based on NYMEX pricing for approximately 61% of the estimated gas production from existing producing wells in the acquired properties for the period beginning August of 2009 through December of 2010, which had a fair value of $4.1 million on the closing date. In addition, concurrent with the execution of the Purchase and Sale Agreement, we entered into a collar for certain volumes in 2010 and a series of collars for a substantial portion of the expected gas production for 2011 at prices above the then current market with a total cost to us of $3.1 million which was financed through deferred premiums. Inclusive of the hedges added, approximately 90% of the estimated gas production from existing producing wells in the acquired properties is hedged through 2011. As of June 30, 2010, based on internal reserve estimates, these acquired properties have estimated proved reserves of 35.0 Bcfe, 98% of which is natural gas and natural gas liquids and 61% is proved developed producing.

Ward County Acquisition

On November 27, 2009, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement, Lease Amendment and Lease Royalty Conveyance Agreement and a Conveyance Agreement to acquire certain producing natural gas and oil properties located in Ward County, Texas in the Permian Basin from private sellers, referred to as the “Ward County acquisition.” This transaction had an effective date of October 1, 2009 and was closed on December 2, 2009 for $55.0 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. This acquisition was initially funded with borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility with borrowings being reduced by $40.3 million shortly thereafter with the proceeds from a 2.3 million common unit offering. We operate all but one of the ten wells acquired in this transaction. As of June 30, 2010, based on internal reserve estimates, these acquired properties have estimated proved reserves of 3.6 million barrels of oil equivalent, 81% of which is oil and 61% is proved developed. In an effort to support stable cash flows from this transaction, we entered into crude oil swaps based on NYMEX pricing for approximately 90% of the estimated oil production from existing producing wells in the acquired properties for the period beginning January 2010 through December 2013.

Parker Creek Acquisition

On April 30, 2010, we entered into a definitive agreement with a private seller for the acquisition of certain natural gas and oil properties located in Mississippi, Texas and New Mexico. We refer to this acquisition as the “Parker Creek acquisition.” The purchase price for said assets was $113.1 million with an effective date of May 1, 2010. We completed this acquisition on May 20, 2010 for an adjusted purchase price of $114.6 million, after consideration of preliminary purchase price adjustments of approximately $1.5 million. The $114.6 million purchase price was funded from the approximate $71.5 million in net proceeds from our recent equity offering and with borrowings under the Company’s existing reserve-based credit facility. In conjunction with the acquisition, we entered into crude oil hedges covering approximately 56% of the estimated production from proved producing reserves through 2013 at a weighted average price of $91.70 per barrel. As of June 30, 2010, based on internal reserve estimates, these acquired properties have estimated proved reserves of 4.7 million barrels of oil equivalent, 96% of which is oil and 61% is proved developed.

Our Relationship with Vinland
 
On April 18, 2007 but effective as of January 5, 2007, we entered into various agreements with Vinland, under which we rely on Vinland to operate our existing producing wells in Appalachia and coordinate our development drilling program in Appalachia. We expect to benefit from the substantial development and operational expertise of Vinland management in the Appalachian Basin. Under a management services agreement, Vinland advises and consults with us regarding all aspects of our production and development operations in Appalachia and provides us with administrative support services as necessary for the operation of our business. In addition, Vinland may, but does not have any obligation to, provide us with acquisition services under the management services agreement. Under a gathering and compression agreement that we entered into with Vinland Energy Gathering, LLC (“VEG”), VEG gathers, compresses, delivers, and provides the services necessary for us to market our natural gas production in the area of mutual interest, or “AMI.” VEG delivers our natural gas production to certain designated interconnects with third-party transporters.
  
 
22
 
Reserve-Based Credit Facility
 
On January 3, 2007, we entered into a reserve-based credit facility which is available for our general limited liability company purposes, including, without limitation, capital expenditures and acquisitions. Our obligations under the reserve-based credit facility are secured by substantially all of our assets. Our initial borrowing base under the reserve-based credit facility was set at $115.5 million. However, the borrowing base was subject to $1.0 million reductions per month starting on July 1, 2007 through November 1, 2007, which resulted in a borrowing base of $110.5 million as reaffirmed in November 2007 pursuant to a semi-annual borrowing base redetermination. We applied $80.0 million of our net proceeds from our IPO in October 2007 to reduce our indebtedness under our reserve-based credit facility. Additional borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility were made in January 2008 in connection with the acquisition of natural gas and oil properties in the Permian Basin. In February 2008, our reserve-based credit facility was amended and restated to extend the maturity from January 3, 2011 to March 31, 2011, increase the maximum facility amount from $200.0 million to $400.0 million, increase our borrowing base from $110.5 million to $150.0 million and add two additional financial institutions as lenders, Wachovia Bank, N.A. and The Bank of Nova Scotia. In May 2008, our reserve-based credit facility was amended in anticipation of a potential acquisition that ultimately did not occur. As a result, none of the provisions included in this amendment went into effect. In July 2008 an additional $30.0 million was borrowed to fund a portion of the cash consideration paid in the Dos Hermanos acquisition. In October 2008, we amended our reserve-based credit facility which set our borrowing base under the facility at $175.0 million pursuant to our semi-annual redetermination and added a new lender, BBVA Compass Bank. In February 2009, a third amendment was entered into which amended covenants to allow us to repurchase up to $5.0 million of our own units. In May 2009, our borrowing base was set at $154.0 million pursuant to our semi-annual redetermination. In June 2009, a fourth amendment to our reserve-based credit facility was entered into which temporarily increased the percentage of outstanding indebtedness for which interest rate derivatives could be used. The percentage was increased from 75% to 85% but was to revert back to 75% in one year at June 2010. In August 2009, our reserve-based credit facility was amended and restated to (1) extend the maturity from March 31, 2011 to October 1, 2012, (2) increase our borrowing base from $154.0 million to $175.0 million, (3) increase our borrowing costs, (4) permanently allow 85% of our outstanding indebtedness to be covered under interest rate derivatives, and (5) add two financial institutions as lenders, Comerica Bank and Royal Bank of Canada. On October 1, 2009, we entered into the First Amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which reduced our borrowing base under the reserve-based credit facility from $175.0 million to $170.0 million pursuant to our semi-annual redetermination and changed the definition of majority lenders from 75% to 66.67%. All other terms under the reserve-based credit facility remained the same. In December 2009, our borrowing base was increased from $170.0 million to $195.0 million pursuant to an interim redetermination requested by us due the Ward County acquisition. In June 2010, we entered into the Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which (1) increased the borrowing base to $240 million, (2) allows us to enter into commodity price hedges with respect to the acquired production upon signing a purchase and sale agreement, (3) added a new lender, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, and (4) allows us to hedge up to 85% of the projected oil and gas production from total proved reserves. Previously, our hedging was limited to 95% of the projected oil and gas production from proved developed producing reserves. The other terms and conditions of the reserve-based credit facility remained substantially the same. Indebtedness under the reserve-based credit facility totaled $171.7 million at June 30, 2010, and the applicable margins and other fees increase as the utilization of the borrowing base increases as follows:

Borrowing Base Utilization Percentage
  
<50%
  
>50% <75%
  
>75% <90%
  
>90%
  
Eurodollar Loans Margin
  
2.25%
  
2.50%
  
2.75%
  
3.00%
  
ABR Loans Margin
  
1.25%
  
1.50%
  
1.75%
  
2.00%
  
Commitment Fee Rate
  
0.50%
  
0.50%
  
0.50%
  
0.50%
  
Letter of Credit Fee
  
2.25%
  
2.50%
  
2.75%
  
3.00%
  

Outlook
 
Our revenue, cash flow from operations, and future growth depend substantially on factors beyond our control, such as access to capital, economic, political and regulatory developments, and competition from other sources of energy. Multiple events during 2009 involving numerous financial institutions effectively restricted liquidity within the capital markets throughout the United States and around the world. While capital markets remain volatile, efforts by treasury and banking regulators in the United States, Europe, and other nations around the world to provide liquidity to the financial sector appears to have improved the situation. As evidenced by our recent successful equity offerings, successful amendment of our reserve-based credit facility and recent successful equity and debt offerings by our peers, we believe that our access to capital has improved and we have been successful in improving our financial position to date.

 
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Natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices historically have been volatile and may fluctuate widely in the future. Sustained periods of low prices for natural gas or oil could materially and adversely affect our financial position, our results of operations, the quantities of natural gas and oil reserves that we can economically produce, our access to capital and our ability to pay a distribution. We have mitigated the volatility on our cash flows with natural gas price derivative contracts through 2011 and oil price derivative contracts through 2014. These hedges are placed on a portion of our proved producing and a portion of our total anticipated production during this time frame. As natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices fluctuate, we will recognize non-cash, unrealized gains and losses in our consolidated statement of operations related to the change in fair value of our commodity derivative contracts.
 
We face the challenge of natural gas and oil production declines. As a given well’s initial reservoir pressures are depleted, natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil production decreases, thus reducing our total reserves. We attempt to overcome this natural decline both by drilling on our properties and acquiring additional reserves. We will maintain our focus on controlling costs to add reserves through drilling and acquisitions, as well as controlling the corresponding costs necessary to produce such reserves. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, we completed one well on an operated property, drilled one operated well to be completed in the third quarter and drilled and completed four non-operated wells. In addition, we anticipate that during the second half of 2010 we will start one horizontal oil well in the Permian operating area, complete six vertical oil wells in Appalachia, three vertical gas wells in South Texas and one vertical oil well in Mississippi at a total cost of approximately $6.9 million. Our ability to add reserves through drilling is dependent on our capital resources and can be limited by many factors, including the ability to timely obtain drilling permits and regulatory approvals and voluntary reductions in capital spending in a low commodity price environment. Any delays in drilling, completion or connection to gathering lines of our new wells will negatively impact the rate of our production, which may have an adverse effect on our revenues and as a result, cash available for distribution. In accordance with our business plan, we intend to invest the capital necessary to maintain our production at existing levels over the long-term provided that it is economical to do so based on the commodity price environment. However, we cannot be certain that we will be able to issue our debt or equity securities on favorable terms, or at all, and we may be unable to refinance our reserve-based credit facility when it expires. Additionally, due to the significant decline in commodity prices, our borrowing base under our reserve-based credit facility may be redetermined such that it will not provide for the working capital necessary to fund our capital spending program and could affect our ability to make distributions.
 
Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth selected financial and operating data for the periods indicated (in thousands):

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
    
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2010(c)
    
2009(a)(b)
    
2010(c)
    
2009(a)(b)
  
Revenues:
                        
Natural gas sales
   $ 6,386     $ 4,760     $ 13,904     $ 10,758  
Natural gas liquids sales
     2,038       351       4,924       675  
Oil sales
     11,022       4,293       20,688       7,173  
Natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales
     19,446       9,404       39,516       18,606  
Loss on commodity cash flow hedges
     (517 )     (378 )     (1,559 )     (1,274 )
Realized gain on other commodity derivative contracts
     6,547       7,964       11,761       15,784  
Unrealized gain (loss) on other commodity derivative contracts
     (90 )     (14,101 )     10,720       (4,272 )
Total revenues
   $ 25,386     $ 2,889     $ 60,438     $ 28,844  
Costs and expenses:
                                
Lease operating expenses
   $ 4,634     $ 2,778     $ 8,707     $ 5,911  
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion
     5,713       2,645       9,951       6,428  
Impairment of natural gas and oil properties
     —       —       —       63,818  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
     1,134       2,941       2,534       6,093  
Production and other taxes
     1,880       921       3,462       1,563  
Total costs and expenses
   $ 13,361     $ 9,285     $ 24,654     $ 83,813  
Other income and (expense):
                                
Interest expense, net
   $ (1,523 )   $ (979 )   $ (2,814 )   $ (1,992 )
Realized loss on interest rate derivative contracts
   $ (483 )   $ (398 )   $ (998 )   $ (734 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative contracts
   $ (434 )   $ 1,005     $ (684 )   $ 962  
Loss on acquisition of natural gas and oil properties
   $ (5,680 )   $ —     $ (5,680 )   $ —  

 
(a)
The Sun TSH acquisition closed on August 17, 2009 and, as such, no operations are included in the three month or six month period ended June 30, 2009.
 
(b)
The Ward County acquisition closed on December 2, 2009 and, as such, no operations are included in the three month or six    month period ended June 30, 2009.
 
(c)
The Parker Creek acquisition closed on May 20, 2010 and, as such, only one month and eleven days of operations are included in the three month and six month period ended June 30, 2010, and no operations are included in the three or six month period ended June 30, 2009.
 
 
24
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2010 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
Revenues
 
Natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales increased $10.0 million to $19.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in 2009. The key revenue measurements were as follows:

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
  
 
Percentage
Increase
(Decrease) 
  
   
2010
  
2009
    
Net Natural Gas Production:
              
Appalachian gas (MMcf) 
  
747
  
794
  
(6)
%
Permian gas (MMcf) 
  
82
  
53
(b)
56
%
South Texas gas (MMcf)
  
437
(a)
200
(a)(c)
118
%
Total natural gas production (MMcf)
  
1,266
  
1,047
  
21
%
               
Average Appalachian daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
8,210
  
8,726
  
(6)
%
Average Permian daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
903
  
578
(b)
56
%
Average South Texas daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
4,799
(a)
2,199
(a)(c)
118
%
Average Vanguard daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
13,912
  
11,503
  
21
%
               
Average Natural Gas Sales Price per Mcf:
              
Net realized gas price, including hedges
  
$ 10.09
(d)
$ 11.28
(d) 
(11)
%
Net realized gas price, excluding hedges
  
$ 5.04
  
$ 4.55
  
(11)
%
               
Net Oil Production:
              
Appalachian oil (Bbls) 
  
28,974
  
21,186
  
37
%
Permian oil (Bbls) 
  
91,817
  
56,969
(b)
61
%
South Texas oil (Bbls)
  
6,818
(a)
—
(a)(c)
—
  
Mississippi oil (Bbls)
  
26,836
(a)
—
(a)
—
  
Total oil production (Bbls)
  
154,445
  
78,155
  
98
%
               
Average Appalachian daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
318
  
233
  
37
%
Average Permian daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
1,009
  
626
(b)
61
%
Average South Texas daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
75
(a)
—
(a)(c)
—
  
Average Mississippi daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
295
(a)
—
(a)
—
  
Average Vanguard daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
1,697
  
859
  
98
%
               
Average Oil Sales Price per Bbl:
              
Net realized oil price, including hedges
  
$ 75.87
(d)
$ 75.95
(d)
—
%
Net realized oil price, excluding hedges
  
$ 71.37
  
$ 54.93
  
30
%
               
Net Natural Gas Liquids Production:
              
Permian natural gas liquids (Gal) 
  
304,627
  
124,656
(b)
144
%
South Texas natural gas liquids (Gal) 
  
1,808,944
  
495,607
(a)(c)
265
%
Total natural gas liquids production (Gal)
  
2,113,571
  
620,263
  
241
%
               
Average Permian daily natural gas liquids production (Gal/day)
  
3,347
  
1,370
(b)
144
%
Average South Texas daily natural gas liquids production (Gal/day)
  
19,879
  
5,446
(c)
265
%
Average Vanguard daily natural gas liquids production (Gal/day)
  
23,226
  
6,816
  
241
%
               
Average Net Realized Natural Gas Liquids Sales Price per Gal
  
$ 0.96
  
$ 0.56
  
71
%

 
(a)
South Texas area includes production from the Dos Hermanos, Sun TSH and Parker Creek acquisitions. The Parker Creek acquisition closed on May 20, 2010 and, as such, only one month and eleven days of operations are included in the three month period ended June 30, 2010, and no operations are included in the three month period ended June 30, 2009. The average daily production above is calculated based on the total number of days in the reported period regardless of how many days an acquisition contributed production in the reported period. The average daily production for the South Texas area, calculated using the actual number of days for the Parker Creek acquisition from the closing date to the end of the reported period, was 4,878 Mcf/day of natural gas and 84 Bbls/day of oil. The average daily production for the Mississippi area, calculated using the actual number of days for the Parker Creek acquisition from the closing date to the end of the reported period, was 440 Bbls/day of oil.
 
(b)
The Ward County acquisition closed on December 2, 2009 and, as such, no operations are included in the three month period ended June 30, 2009.
 
(c)
The Sun TSH acquisition closed on August 17, 2009 and, as such, no operations are included in the three month period ended June 30, 2009.
 
(d)
Excludes amortization of premiums paid and amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired.

 
25
 
The increase in natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales during the three months ended June 30, 2010 compared to the same period in 2009 was due primarily to the increases in production. Total production increased by 55% on a Mcfe basis. The increase in production for the three months ended June 30, 2010 over the comparable period in 2009 was primarily attributable to the impact from the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions completed in August 2009, December 2009 and May 2010, respectively. In Appalachia, we experienced a 6% decrease in natural gas production which was largely offset by a 37% increase in oil production during the three months ended June 30, 2010 compared to the same period in 2009. The decrease in natural gas production is largely attributable to our decision to drill only one well in 2010 due to low natural gas prices. The 37% increase in Appalachian oil production was primarily due to our focus on recompleting to oil zones on existing natural gas wells in 2009, which negatively affected the amount of natural gas produced in 2010.
 
Hedging and Price Risk Management Activities

During the three months ended June 30, 2010, the Company recognized a $6.5 million realized gain on other commodity derivative contracts related to the settlements recognized during the period and a $0.09 million loss related to the change in fair value of derivative contracts not meeting the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. During the three months ended June 30, 2010, the Company recognized $0.5 million in losses on commodity cash flow hedges that meet the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. These amounts relate to derivative contracts that we entered into in order to mitigate commodity price exposure on a portion of our expected production and designated as cash flow hedges. The loss on commodity cash flow hedges for the three months ended June 30, 2010 relates to the amount that settled in 2010 and has been reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The purpose of our hedging program is to mitigate the volatility in our operating cash flow. Depending on the type of derivative contract used, hedging generally achieves this by the counterparty paying us when commodity prices are below the hedged price and us paying the counterparty when commodity prices are above the hedged price. In either case, the impact on our operating cash flow is approximately the same. However, because the majority of our hedges are not designated as cash flow hedges, there can be a significant amount of volatility in our earnings when we record the change in the fair value of all of our derivative contracts. As commodity prices fluctuate, the fair value of those contracts will fluctuate and the impact is reflected as a non-cash, unrealized gain or loss in our consolidated statement of operations. However, these fair value changes that are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations only reflect the value of the derivative contracts to be settled in the future and do not take into consideration the value of the underlying commodity. If the fair value of the derivative contract goes down, it means that the value of the commodity being hedged has gone up, and the net impact to our cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same. Conversely, if the fair value of the derivative contract goes up, it means the value of the commodity being hedged has gone down and again the net impact to our operating cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same for the quantities hedged.
 
26
 

Costs and Expenses
 
Lease operating expenses include third-party transportation costs, gathering and compression fees, field personnel and other customary charges. Lease operating expenses in Appalachia also include a $60 per well per month administrative charge pursuant to a management services agreement with Vinland. This fee was temporarily increased to $95 per well per month for the period beginning March 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009 pursuant to an amendment to an agreement whereunder Vinland provided well-tending services on Vanguard owned wells under a turnkey pricing contract. In addition, we pay a $0.25 per Mcf and $0.55 per Mcf gathering and compression charge for production from wells drilled pre and post January 1, 2007, respectively, to Vinland pursuant to a gathering and compression agreement with Vinland. This gathering and compression agreement was amended for the period beginning March 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009 to provide for a temporary fee based upon the actual costs incurred by Vinland to provide gathering and transportation services plus a $0.05 per mcf margin. Both temporary amendments expired on December 31, 2009 and all the terms of the agreements reverted back to the original agreements. Lease operating expenses increased by $1.9 million to $4.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2009, of which $1.1 million related primarily to the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions and $0.8 million related to increased lease operating expenses for wells in Appalachia.
 
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion increased to approximately $5.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 from approximately $2.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009 due primarily to additional depletion recorded on natural gas and oil properties acquired in the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions.

Selling, general and administrative expenses include the costs of our administrative employees and executive officers, related benefits, office leases, professional fees and other costs not directly associated with field operations. These expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2010 decreased $1.8 million as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2009 principally due to a decrease in non-cash compensation charges related to the grant of restricted Class B units to officers and an employee, the grant of phantom units to officers and the grant of common units to board members and employees. Non-cash compensation charges declined $1.6 million to $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010. All other cash selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in 2009 principally due to a reduction in legal and professional fees.
 
Production and other taxes include severance, ad valorem, and other taxes. Severance taxes are a function of volumes and revenues generated from production. Ad valorem taxes vary by state/county and are based on the value of our reserves. Production and other taxes increased by $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in 2009 as a result of increased natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales. Texas margin and other corporate taxes increased by $0.3 million and ad valorem taxes increased by $0.2 million primarily due to the taxes on natural gas and oil properties acquired in the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions.

Interest expense increased to $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009 primarily due to higher average outstanding debt during the three months ended June 30, 2010.
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
Revenues
 
Natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales increased $20.9 million to $39.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in 2009. The key revenue measurements were as follows:
 
 
 
27
 

   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
 
Percentage
Increase
(Decrease) 
  
   
2010
  
2009
    
Net Natural Gas Production:
              
Appalachian gas (MMcf) 
  
1,436
  
1,599
  
(10)
%
Permian gas (MMcf) 
  
179
  
96
(b)
87
%
South Texas gas (MMcf)
  
860
(a)
428
(a)(c)
101
%
Total natural gas production (MMcf)
  
2,475
  
2,123
  
17
%
               
Average Appalachian daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
7,935
  
8,837
  
(10)
%
Average Permian daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
990
  
530
(b)
87
%
Average South Texas daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
4,750
(a)
2,363
(a)(c)
101
%
Average Vanguard daily gas production (Mcf/day)
  
13,675
  
11,730
  
17
%
               
Average Natural Gas Sales Price per Mcf:
              
Net realized gas price, including hedges
  
$ 10.10
(d)
$ 11.13
(d) 
(9)
%
Net realized gas price, excluding hedges
  
$ 5.62
  
$ 5.07
  
11
%
               
Net Oil Production:
              
Appalachian oil (Bbls) 
  
61,330
  
37,697
  
63
%
Permian oil (Bbls) 
  
188,238
  
117,649
(b)
60
%
South Texas oil (Bbls)
  
10,452
(a)
—
(a)(c)
—
  
Mississippi oil (Bbls)
  
26,836
(a)
—
(a)
—
  
Total oil production (Bbls)
  
286,856
  
155,346
  
85
%
               
Average Appalachian daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
339
  
208
  
63
%
Average Permian daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
1,040
  
650
(b)
60
%
Average South Texas daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
57
(a)
—
(a)(c)
—
  
Average Mississippi daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
148
(a)
—
(a)
—
  
Average Vanguard daily oil production (Bbls/day)
  
1,584
  
858
  
85
%
               
Average Oil Sales Price per Bbl:
              
Net realized oil price, including hedges
  
$ 76.52
(d)
$ 73.26
(d)
4
%
Net realized oil price, excluding hedges
  
$ 72.12
  
$ 46.18
  
56
%
               
Net Natural Gas Liquids Production:
              
Permian natural gas liquids (Gal) 
  
684,465
  
235,200
(b)
191
%
South Texas natural gas liquids (Gal) 
  
3,826,338
  
831,236
(a)(c)
360
%
Total natural gas liquids production (Gal)
  
4,510,803
  
1,066,436
  
323
%
               
Average Permian daily natural gas liquids production (Gal/day)
  
3,782
  
1,299
(b)
191
%
Average South Texas daily natural gas liquids production (Gal/day)
  
21,140
  
4,592
(c)
360
%
Average Vanguard daily natural gas liquids production (Gal/day)
  
24,922
  
5,891
  
323
%
               
Average Net Realized Natural Gas Liquids Sales Price per Gal
  
$ 1.09
  
$ 0.63
  
73
%

 
(a)
South Texas area includes production from the Dos Hermanos, Sun TSH and Parker Creek acquisitions. The Parker Creek acquisition closed on May 20, 2010 and, as such, only one month and eleven days of operations are included in the six month period ended June 30, 2010, and no operations are included in the six month period ended June 30, 2009. The average daily production above is calculated based on the total number of days in the reported period regardless of how many days an acquisition contributed production in the reported period. The average daily production for the South Texas area, calculated using the actual number of days for the Parker Creek acquisition from the closing date to the end of the reported period, was 4,908Mcf/day of natural gas and 76 Bbls/day of oil. The average daily production for the Mississippi area, calculated using the actual number of days for the Parker Creek acquisition from the closing date to the end of the reported period, was 440 Bbls/day of oil.
 
(b)
The Ward County acquisition closed on December 2, 2009 and, as such, no operations are included in the six month period ended June 30, 2009.
 
(c)
The Sun TSH acquisition closed on August 17, 2009 and, as such, no operations are included in the six month period ended June 30, 2009.
 
(d)
Excludes amortization of premiums paid and amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired.


 
28
 
The increase in natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales during the six months ended June 30, 2010 compared to the same period in 2009 was due primarily to the increases in commodity prices and an increase in production. We experienced an 11% increase in the average realized natural gas sales price received (excluding hedges) and a 56% increase in the average realized oil price (excluding hedges). Additionally, our total production increased by 51% on a Mcfe basis. The increase in production for the six months ended June 30, 2010 over the comparable period in 2009 was primarily attributable to the impact from the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions completed in August 2009, December 2009 and May 2010, respectively. In Appalachia, we experienced a 10% decrease in natural gas production which was partially offset by a 63% increase in oil production during the six months ended June 30, 2010 compared to the same period in 2009 for a net production decline of 1% on a Mcfe basis. The decrease in natural gas production is largely attributable to our decision to drill only one well in 2010 due to low natural gas prices. The 63% increase in Appalachian oil production was primarily due to our focus on recompleting to oil zones on existing natural gas wells in 2009, which negatively affected the amount of natural gas produced in 2010.
 
Hedging and Price Risk Management Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company recognized a $11.8 million realized gain on other commodity derivative contracts related to the settlements recognized during the period and a $10.7 million gain related to the change in fair value of derivative contracts not meeting the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company recognized $1.6 million in losses on commodity cash flow hedges that meet the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting. These amounts relate to derivative contracts that we entered into in order to mitigate commodity price exposure on a portion of our expected production and designated as cash flow hedges. The loss on commodity cash flow hedges for the six months ended June 30, 2010 relates to the amount that settled in 2010 and has been reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The purpose of our hedging program is to mitigate the volatility in our operating cash flow. Depending on the type of derivative contract used, hedging generally achieves this by the counterparty paying us when commodity prices are below the hedged price and us paying the counterparty when commodity prices are above the hedged price. In either case, the impact on our operating cash flow is approximately the same. However, because the majority of our hedges are not designated as cash flow hedges, there can be a significant amount of volatility in our earnings when we record the change in the fair value of all of our derivative contracts. As commodity prices fluctuate, the fair value of those contracts will fluctuate and the impact is reflected as a non-cash, unrealized gain or loss in our consolidated statement of operations. However, these fair value changes that are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations only reflect the value of the derivative contracts to be settled in the future and do not take into consideration the value of the underlying commodity. If the fair value of the derivative contract goes down, it means that the value of the commodity being hedged has gone up, and the net impact to our cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same. Conversely, if the fair value of the derivative contract goes up, it means the value of the commodity being hedged has gone down and again the net impact to our operating cash flow when the contract settles and the commodity is sold in the market will be approximately the same for the quantities hedged.

 
29
 
Costs and Expenses
 
Lease operating expenses include third-party transportation costs, gathering and compression fees, field personnel and other customary charges. Lease operating expenses in Appalachia also include a $60 per well per month administrative charge pursuant to a management services agreement with Vinland. This fee was temporarily increased to $95 per well per month for the period beginning March 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009 pursuant to an amendment to an agreement whereunder Vinland provided well-tending services on Vanguard owned wells under a turnkey pricing contract. In addition, we pay a $0.25 per Mcf and $0.55 per Mcf gathering and compression charge for production from wells drilled pre and post January 1, 2007, respectively, to Vinland pursuant to a gathering and compression agreement with Vinland. This gathering and compression agreement was amended for the period beginning March 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009 to provide for a temporary fee based upon the actual costs incurred by Vinland to provide gathering and transportation services plus a $0.05 per mcf margin. Both temporary amendments expired on December 31, 2009 and all the terms of the agreements reverted back to the original agreements. Lease operating expenses increased by $2.8 million to $8.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2009, of which $1.5 million related primarily to the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions and $1.3 million related to increased lease operating expenses for wells in Appalachia.
 
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion increased to approximately $10.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 from approximately $6.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009 due primarily to additional depletion recorded on natural gas and oil properties acquired in the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions.

An impairment of natural gas and oil properties in the amount of $63.8 million was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2009 as the unamortized cost of natural gas and oil properties exceeded the sum of the estimated future net revenues from proved properties using period-end prices, discounted at 10% and the lower of cost or fair value of unproved properties as a result of a decline in natural gas prices at the measurement date, March 31, 2009. This impairment was calculated based on prices of $3.65 per MMBtu for natural gas and $49.64 per barrel of crude oil. The impairment calculation did not consider the positive impact of our commodity derivative positions as generally accepted accounting principles only allows the inclusion of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. No impairment of natural gas and oil properties was necessary at June 30, 2010.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses include the costs of our administrative employees and executive officers, related benefits, office leases, professional fees and other costs not directly associated with field operations. These expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2010 decreased $3.6 million as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2009 principally due to a decrease in non-cash compensation charges related to the grant of restricted Class B units to officers and an employee, the grant of phantom units to officers and the grant of common units to board members and employees. Non-cash compensation charges declined $3.5 million to $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. All other cash selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in 2009 principally due to lower legal and professional fees, offset by higher compensation related expenses.
 
Production and other taxes include severance, ad valorem, and other taxes. Severance taxes are a function of volumes and revenues generated from production. Ad valorem taxes vary by state/county and are based on the value of our reserves. Production and other taxes increased by $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in 2009 as a result of increased natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil sales. Texas margin and other corporate taxes increased by $0.3 million and ad valorem taxes increased by $0.2 million primarily due to the taxes on natural gas and oil properties acquired in the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions.

Interest expense increased to $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 compared to $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009 primarily due to higher average outstanding debt during the six months ended June 30, 2010.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to select and apply accounting policies that best provide the framework to report its results of operations and financial position. The selection and application of those policies requires management to make difficult subjective or complex judgments concerning reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. As a result, there exists the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions.
 
As of June 30, 2010, our critical accounting policies are consistent with those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.   
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2009, the FASB issued guidance to change financial reporting by enterprises involved with variable interest entities (“VIEs”). The standard replaces the quantitative-based risks and rewards calculation for determining which enterprise has a controlling financial interest in a VIE with an approach focused on identifying which enterprise has the power to direct the activities of a VIE and the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive the entity’s residual returns. This standard was effective for us on January 1, 2010. We do not have any interests in variable interest entities; therefore, this standard did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 
30
 
In January 2010, the FASB issued authoritative guidance intended to improve disclosures about fair value measurements. The guidance requires entities to disclose significant transfers in and out of fair value hierarchy levels and the reasons for the transfers and to present information about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements separately in the reconciliation of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Additionally, the guidance clarifies that a reporting entity should provide fair value measurements for each class of assets and liabilities and disclose the inputs and valuation techniques used for fair value measurements using significant other observable inputs (Level 2) and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). This guidance was effective for us on January 1, 2010 except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements in the Level 3 reconciliation, which will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. As this guidance provides only disclosure requirements, the adoption of this standard did not impact our results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

New Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In March 2010, the FASB issued authoritative guidance intended to clarify the scope exception related to embedded credit derivative features related to the transfer of credit risk in the form of subordination of one financial instrument to another. The guidance addresses how to determine which embedded credit derivative features, including those in collateralized debt obligations and synthetic collateralized debt obligations, are considered to be embedded derivatives that should not be analyzed under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” Subtopic 15-25 for potential bifurcation and separate accounting. This guidance is effective for each reporting entity at the beginning of its fiscal quarter beginning after June 15, 2010. We do not have any embedded credit derivative features with respect to our financial instruments; therefore, this standard is not expected to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates pertain to proved natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil reserves and related cash flow estimates used in impairment tests of natural gas and oil properties, the fair value of derivative contracts and asset retirement obligations, accrued natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil revenues and expenses, as well as estimates of expenses related to depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Disruption to Functioning of Capital Markets

Multiple events during 2009 involving numerous financial institutions effectively restricted liquidity within the capital markets throughout the United States and around the world. While capital markets remain volatile, efforts by treasury and banking regulators in the United States, Europe and other nations around the world to provide liquidity to the financial sector have improved the situation. As evidenced by our recent successful equity offerings, successful amendment of our reserve-based credit facility and recent successful equity and debt offerings by our peers, we believe that our access to capital has improved and we have been successful in improving our financial position to date.

Natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices historically have been volatile and are likely to continue to be volatile in the future, especially given current geopolitical and economic conditions.  For example, the crude oil spot price per barrel for the period between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2010 ranged from a high of $86.54 to a low of $71.15 and the NYMEX natural gas spot price per MMBtu for the period January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010 ranged from a high of $6.01 to a low of $3.84. As of July 27, 2010, the crude oil spot price per barrel was $77.46 and the NYMEX natural gas spot price per MMBtu was $4.68.

Overview

We have utilized private equity, proceeds from bank borrowings, cash flow from operations and more recently the public equity markets for capital resources and liquidity. To date, the primary use of capital has been for the acquisition and development of natural gas and oil properties; however, we expect to distribute to unitholders a significant portion of our free cash flow.  As we execute our business strategy, we will continually monitor the capital resources available to us to meet future financial obligations, planned capital expenditures, acquisition capital and distributions to our unitholders. Our future success in growing reserves, production and cash flow will be highly dependent on the capital resources available to us and our success in drilling for and acquiring additional reserves. We expect to fund our drilling capital expenditures and distributions to unitholders with cash flow from operations, while funding any acquisition capital expenditures that we might incur with borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility and publicly offered equity or debt, depending on market conditions. As of August 2, 2010, we have $69.3 million available to be borrowed under our reserve-based credit facility.

 
31
 
The borrowing base is subject to adjustment from time to time but not less than on a semi-annual basis based on the projected discounted present value of estimated future net cash flows (as determined by the bank’s petroleum engineers utilizing the bank’s internal projection of future natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices) from our proved natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil reserves. If commodity prices decline in the future and banks lower their internal projections of natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices, it is possible that we will be subject to a decrease in our borrowing base availability in the future. Our next borrowing base redetermination is scheduled for October 2010 utilizing our September 30, 2010 reserve report. If our outstanding borrowings under the reserve-based credit facility exceed 90% of the borrowing base, we would be required to suspend distributions to our unitholders until we have reduced our borrowings to below the 90% threshold. At June 30, 2010, our borrowings represented 72% of our borrowing base. Absent accretive acquisitions, to the extent available after unitholder distributions, debt service, and capital expenditures, it is our current intention to utilize our excess cash flow during 2010 to reduce our borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility. Based upon current expectations, we believe existing liquidity and capital resources will be sufficient for the conduct of our business and operations for the foreseeable future.

Cash Flow from Operations
 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $31.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to $21.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2009. The increase in cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in 2009 was substantially generated from increased production volumes related to the Sun TSH, Ward County and Parker Creek acquisitions which had been hedged at favorable prices generating significant realized gains on commodity derivative contracts. Changes in working capital decreased total cash flows by $3.0 million in 2010 compared to decreasing total cash flows by $2.2 million in 2009. Contributing to the decrease in the level of cash provided by operating activities during 2010 was a $3.5 million decrease in accrued expenses that resulted primarily from the timing effects of payments for amounts related to the phantom units granted to officers. Both impairment charges and unrealized derivative gains and losses are accounted for as non-cash items and therefore did not impact our liquidity or cash flows provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2010 or 2009.
 
Our cash flow from operations is subject to many variables, the most significant of which is the volatility of natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices. Natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices are determined primarily by prevailing market conditions, which are dependent on regional and worldwide economic activity, weather, and other factors beyond our control. Future cash flow from operations will depend on our ability to maintain and increase production through our drilling program and acquisitions, as well as the prices received for production. We enter into derivative contracts to reduce the impact of commodity price volatility on operations. Currently, we use a combination of fixed-price swaps and NYMEX collars and put options to reduce our exposure to the volatility in natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices. See Note 4 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Part 1—Item 3—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Commodity Price Risk for details about derivatives in place through 2011 for natural gas and 2014 for oil.
 
Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was approximately $121.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to $2.2 million during the same period in 2009. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to $112.3 million for the acquisition of natural gas and oil properties in the Parker Creek acquisition, $7.6 million for the drilling and development of natural gas and oil properties and $0.9 million for prepayments for the drilling and development of natural gas and oil properties as compared to $1.9 million for the drilling and development of natural gas and oil properties during the six months ended June 30, 2009.
 
 Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was approximately $91.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to cash used of $15.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, total net borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility were $41.9 million and total proceeds from our public equity offering completed in May 2010 were $71.4 million. Offsetting the cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2010, was cash used of $19.8 million for distributions to unitholders. Cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2009, included $2.5 million in net repayments under our reserve-based credit facility and $12.6 million used in distribution to unitholders.

 
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Reserve-Based Credit Facility

On January 3, 2007, we entered into a reserve-based credit facility under which our initial borrowing base was set at $115.5 million. Our reserve-based credit facility was amended and restated in February 2008 to extend the maturity date from January 2011 to March 2011, increase the maximum facility amount from $200.0 million to $400.0 million, increase our borrowing base from $110.5 million to $150.0 million and add two additional financial institutions as lenders, Wachovia Bank, N.A. and the Bank of Nova Scotia. The increase in the borrowing base was principally the result of inclusion of the reserves related to the Permian Basin acquisition in January 2008. In May 2008, our reserve-based credit facility was amended in response to a potential acquisition that ultimately did not occur. As a result, none of the provisions included in this amendment went into effect. As of October 22, 2008, our reserve-based credit facility was amended and restated to increase the borrowing base to $175.0 million and add one lender, BBVA Compass Bank. The increase in the borrowing base was principally the result of inclusion of the reserves related to the acquisition of certain natural gas and oil properties in July 2008. In February 2009, a third amendment was entered into which amended covenants to allow us to repurchase up to $5.0 million of our own units. In June 2009, a fourth amendment to our reserve-based credit facility was entered into which temporarily increased the percentage of outstanding indebtedness for which interest rate derivatives could be used. The percentage was increased from 75% to 85% but was to revert back to 75% in one year at June 2010. In August 2009, our reserve-based credit facility was amended and restated to (1) extend the maturity from March 31, 2011 to October 1, 2012, (2) increase our borrowing base from $154.0 million to $175.0 million, (3) increase our borrowing costs, (4) permanently allow 85% of our outstanding indebtedness to be covered under interest rate derivatives, and (5) add two financial institutions as lenders, Comerica Bank and Royal Bank of Canada. On October 1, 2009, we entered into the First Amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which reduced our borrowing base under the reserve-based credit facility from $175.0 million to $170.0 million pursuant to our semi-annual redetermination and changed the definition of majority lenders from 75% to 66.67%. All other terms under the reserve-based credit facility remained the same. In December 2009, our borrowing base was increased from $170.0 million to $195.0 million pursuant to an interim redetermination requested by the Company due to the Ward County acquisition. In June 2010, we entered into the Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which (1) increased the borrowing base to $240 million, (2) allows us to enter into commodity price hedges with respect to the acquired production upon signing a purchase and sale agreement, (3) added a new lender, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, and (4) allows us to hedge up to 85% of the projected oil and gas production from total proved reserves. Previously, our hedging was limited to 95% of the projected oil and gas production from proved developed producing reserves. The other terms and conditions of the reserve-based credit facility remained substantially the same. At June 30, 2010, we had $171.7 million outstanding under our reserve-based credit facility and as of August 2, 2010 we have $69.3 million available to be borrowed under our reserve-based credit facility.

The borrowing base is subject to adjustment from time to time but not less than on a semi-annual basis based on the projected discounted present value of estimated future net cash flows (as determined by the bank’s petroleum engineers utilizing the bank’s internal projection of future natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices) from our proved natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil reserves. In June 2010, our borrowing base was set at $240.0 million. Our next borrowing base redetermination is scheduled for October 2010 utilizing our September 30, 2010 reserve report.  If commodity prices decline in the future and banks lower their internal projections of natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices, it is possible that we will be subject to decreases in our borrowing base availability in the future. If our outstanding borrowings under the reserve-based credit facility exceed 90% of the borrowing base, we would be required to suspend distributions to our unitholders until we have reduced our borrowings to below the 90% threshold. At June 30, 2010, our borrowings represented 72% of our borrowing base. Absent accretive acquisitions, to the extent available after unitholder distributions, debt service and capital expenditures, it is our current intention to utilize our excess cash flow during 2010 to reduce our borrowings under our reserve-based credit facility.

Borrowings under the reserve-based credit facility are available for the development and acquisition of natural gas and oil properties, working capital, and general limited liability company purposes. Our obligations under the reserve-based credit facility are secured by substantially all of our assets.
 
At our election, interest is determined by reference to:
 
 
·
the London interbank offered rate, or LIBOR, plus an applicable margin between 2.25% and 3.00% per annum; or

 
·
a domestic bank rate plus an applicable margin between 1.25% and 2.00% per annum.
 
As of June 30, 2010, we have elected for interest to be determined by reference to the LIBOR method described above. Interest is generally payable quarterly for domestic bank rate loans and at the applicable maturity date for LIBOR loans, but not less frequently than quarterly.
 
 
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The reserve-based credit facility contains various covenants that limit our ability to:
 
 
·
incur indebtedness;
 
 
·
grant certain liens;

 
·
make certain loans, acquisitions, capital expenditures and investments;

 
·
make distributions;

 
·
merge or consolidate; or

 
·
engage in certain asset dispositions, including a sale of all or substantially all of our assets.
 
The reserve-based credit facility also contains covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain specified ratios or conditions as follows:
 
 
·
consolidated net income plus interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, accretion, changes in fair value of derivative instruments and other similar charges, minus all non-cash income added to consolidated net income (which is equal to our Adjusted EBITDA), and giving pro forma effect to any acquisitions or capital expenditures, to interest expense of not less than 2.5 to 1.0;

 
·
consolidated current assets, including the unused amount of the total commitments, to consolidated current liabilities of not less than 1.0 to 1.0, excluding non-cash assets and liabilities under ASC Topic 815, which includes the current portion of derivative contracts; and
 
 
·
consolidated debt to consolidated net income plus interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, accretion, changes in fair value of derivative instruments and other similar charges, minus all non-cash income added to consolidated net income, and giving pro forma effect to any acquisitions or capital expenditures of not more than 3.5 to 1.0.

 We have the ability to borrow under the reserve-based credit facility to pay distributions to unitholders as long as there has not been a default or event of default and if the amount of borrowings outstanding under our reserve-based credit facility is less than 90% of the borrowing base.

We believe that we are in compliance with the terms of our reserve-based credit facility. If an event of default exists under the reserve-based credit agreement, the lenders will be able to accelerate the maturity of the credit agreement and exercise other rights and remedies. Among others, each of the following will be an event of default:
 
 
·
failure to pay any principal when due or any interest, fees or other amount within certain grace periods;

 
·
a representation or warranty is proven to be incorrect when made;

 
·
failure to perform or otherwise comply with the covenants in the credit agreement or other loan documents, subject, in certain instances, to certain grace periods;

 
·
default by us on the payment of any other indebtedness in excess of $2.0 million, or any event occurs that permits or causes the acceleration of the indebtedness;

 
·
bankruptcy or insolvency events involving us or our subsidiaries;

 
·
the entry of, and failure to pay, one or more adverse judgments in excess of $1.0 million or one or more non-monetary judgments that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect and for which enforcement proceedings are brought or that are not stayed pending appeal;

 
·
specified events relating to our employee benefit plans that could reasonably be expected to result in liabilities in excess of $1.0 million in any year; and
  
 
·
a change of control, which includes (1) an acquisition of ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, by any person or group (within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules of the SEC) of equity interests representing more than 25% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by our issued and outstanding equity interests other than by Majeed S. Nami or his affiliates, or (2) the replacement of a majority of our directors by persons not approved by our board of directors.
 
 
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
At June 30, 2010, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, an effect on our financial position or results of operations.
 
Contingencies
 
We regularly analyze current information and accrue for probable liabilities on the disposition of certain matters, as necessary. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. As of June 30, 2010, there were no loss contingencies.
 
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
 
A summary of our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2010 is provided in the following table (in thousands):

    
  
Payments Due by Year 
  
   
  
  2010
  
  2011
  
  2012
  
  2013
  
  2014
  
  After 2014
  
Total
  
Management base salaries 
  
$
415
  
$
830
  
$
830
  
$
97
  
$
—
  
$
—
  
$
2,172
  
Asset retirement obligations
    
—
    
479
    
85
    
135
    
133
    
4,179
    
5,011
  
Derivative liabilities
    
3,169
    
1,173
    
1,502
    
945
    
1,386
    
3,880
    
12,055
  
Long-term debt (1)
    
—
    
—
    
171,700
    
—
    
—
    
—
    
171,700
  
Operating leases
    
58
    
122
    
130
    
33
    
—
    
—
    
343
  
Total  
  
$
3,642
  
$
2,604
  
$
174,247
  
$
1,210
  
$
1,519
  
$
8,059
  
$
191,281
  

 
(1)
This table does not include interest to be paid on the principal balances shown as the interest rates on the reserve-based credit facility are variable.
 
Non-GAAP Financial Measure

Adjusted EBITDA

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus:

 
•
Net interest expense, including write-off of deferred financing fees and realized gains and losses on interest rate derivative contracts;

 
•
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization (including accretion of asset retirement obligations);

 
•
Impairment of natural gas and oil properties;

 
•
Amortization of premiums paid on derivative contracts;

 
•
Amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired;

 
•
Unrealized gains and losses on other commodity and interest rate derivative contracts;

 
•
Deferred taxes; and

 
•
Unit-based compensation expense.
 
 
 
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Adjusted EBITDA is a significant performance metric used by management as a tool to measure (prior to the establishment of any cash reserves by our board of directors, debt service and capital expenditures) the cash distributions we could pay our unitholders. Specifically, this financial measure indicates to investors whether or not we are generating cash flow at a level that can sustain or support an increase in our quarterly distribution rates. Adjusted EBITDA is also used as a quantitative standard by our management and by external users of our financial statements such as investors, research analysts, and others to assess the financial performance of our assets without regard to financing methods, capital structure, or historical cost basis; the ability of our assets to generate cash sufficient to pay interest costs and support our indebtedness; and our operating performance and return on capital as compared to those of other companies in our industry.
 
Our Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income, cash flow from operating activities, or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Our Adjusted EBITDA excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income and operating income and these measures may vary among other companies. Therefore, our Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
 
For the three months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2009, Adjusted EBITDA increased 44%, from $13.3 million to $19.1 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2009, Adjusted EBITDA increased 45%, from $25.9 million to $37.6 million. The following table presents a reconciliation of consolidated net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):
 
   
  
Three Months Ended
June 30,
  
Six Months Ended
June 30,
  
   
2010
  
2009
  
2010
  
2009
  
Net income (loss)
 
$
3,905
  
$
(6,768
)
$
25,608
  
$
(56,733
)
Plus:  
                          
Interest expense, including realized losses on interest rate derivative contracts  
    
2,006
    
1,377
    
3,812
    
2,726
  
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion  
    
5,713
    
2,645
    
9,951
    
6,428
  
Impairment of natural gas and oil properties  
    
—
    
—
    
—
    
63,818
  
   Amortization of premiums paid on derivative contracts
    
493
    
890
    
998
    
1,818
  
   Amortization of value on derivative contracts acquired
    
558
    
217
    
1,168
    
754
  
    Unrealized (gains) losses on other commodity and interest rate derivative contracts
    
524
    
13,096
    
(10,036
)
  
3,310
  
    Loss on acquisition of natural gas and oil properties
    
5,680
    
—
    
5,680
    
—
  
Deferred taxes
    
31
    
(4
) 
  
(49
)
  
(201
)
Unit-based compensation expense  
    
212
    
876
    
466
    
1,763
  
    Unrealized fair value of phantom units granted to officers
    
21
    
951
    
48
    
2,252
  
Adjusted EBITDA
  
$
19,143
  
$
13,280
  
$
37,646
  
$
25,935
  


The primary objective of the following information is to provide forward-looking quantitative and qualitative information about our potential exposure to market risks. The term “market risk” refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil prices and interest rates. The disclosures are not meant to be precise indicators of expected future losses, but rather indicators of reasonably possible losses. This forward-looking information provides indicators of how we view and manage our ongoing market risk exposures. All of our market risk sensitive instruments were entered into for purposes other than speculative trading. Conditions sometimes arise where actual production is less than estimated, which has, and could result in overhedged volumes.
 
 
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Commodity Price Risk
 
Our major market risk exposure is in the pricing applicable to our natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil production. Realized pricing is primarily driven by the Columbia Gas Appalachian Index (“TECO Index”), Henry Hub and Houston Ship Channel prices for natural gas production and the West Texas Intermediate Light Sweet price for oil production. Pricing for natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil production has been volatile and unpredictable for several years, and we expect this volatility to continue in the future. The prices we receive for production depend on many factors outside our control. In addition, the potential exists that if commodity prices decline to a certain level, the borrowing base can be decreased at the borrowing base redetermination date to an amount lower than the amount of debt currently outstanding and, because it would be uneconomical, production could decline to levels below our hedged volumes.

Furthermore, the risk that we will be required to write down the carrying value of our natural gas and oil properties increases when oil and gas prices are low or volatile. In addition, write downs may occur if we experience substantial downward adjustments to our estimated proved reserves, or if estimated future development costs increase. The impairment for the first quarter 2009 was $63.8 million as a result of a decline in natural gas prices at the measurement date, March 31, 2009. This impairment was calculated based on prices of $3.65 per MMBtu for natural gas and $49.64 per barrel of crude oil. No ceiling test impairment was necessary for the three months ended June 30, 2010 or 2009 or for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
 
We enter into derivative contracts with respect to a portion of our projected natural gas and oil production through various transactions that mitigate the volatility of future prices received. These transactions may include price swaps whereby we will receive a fixed-price for our production and pay a variable market price to the contract counterparty. Additionally, we may acquire put options for which we pay the counterparty an option premium, equal to the fair value of the option at the purchase date. As each monthly contract settles, we receive the excess, if any, of the fixed floor over the floating rate. In addition to these fixed price swap derivatives, we may sell calls and give counterparties the option to extend certain swaps into subsequent years at specified prices. Proceeds from the sale of the calls or extendable options may be used to improve the fixed price on the fixed price swaps. Furthermore, we may enter into collars where we pay the counterparty if the market price is above the ceiling price and the counterparty pays us if the market price is below the floor on a notional quantity. In deciding which type of derivative instrument to use, our management considers the relative benefit of each type against any cost that would be incurred, prevailing commodity market conditions and management’s view on future commodity pricing. The amount of natural gas and oil production which is hedged is determined by applying a percentage to the expected amount of production in our most current reserve report in a given year. Typically, management intends to hedge 70% to 85% of projected production for a three year period. These activities are intended to support our realized commodity prices at targeted levels and to manage our exposure to natural gas and oil price fluctuations. It is never management’s intention to hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. Management will consider liquidating a derivative contract if they believe that they can take advantage of an unusual market condition allowing them to realize a current gain and then have the ability to enter into a new derivative contract in the future at or above the commodity price of the contract that was liquidated.
 
At June 30, 2010, the fair value of commodity derivative contracts was an asset of approximately $30.8 million, of which $21.3 million settles during the next twelve months.

The following table summarizes commodity derivative contracts in place at June 30, 2010:

   
July 1, - December 31,
 2010
    
Year
 2011
    
Year
 2012
    
Year
2013
    
Year
2014
  
Gas Positions:
                              
Fixed Price Swaps:
                              
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
     2,241,930       3,328,312       —       —       —  
Fixed Price ($/MMBtu)
   $ 8.63     $ 7.83     $ —     $ —     $ —  
Collars:
                                        
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
     901,600       1,933,500       —       —       —  
Floor Price ($/MMBtu)
   $ 7.70     $ 7.34     $ —     $ —     $ —  
Ceiling Price ($/MMBtu)
   $ 8.93     $ 8.44     $ —     $ —     $ —  
Total:
                                        
Notional Volume (MMBtu)
     3,143,530       5,261,812       —       —       —  
                                         
Oil Positions:
                                        
Fixed Price Swaps:
                                        
Notional Volume (Bbls)
     181,200       443,250       347,700       296,400       209,875  
Fixed Price ($/Bbl)
   $ 87.16     $ 87.94     $ 90.03     $ 89.84     $ 94.37  
Collars:
                                        
Notional Volume (Bbls)
     —       —       45,750       45,625       —  
Floor Price ($/Bbl)
   $ —     $ —     $ 80.00     $ 80.00     $ —  
Ceiling Price ($/Bbl)
   $ —     $ —     $ 100.25     $ 100.25     $ —  
Total:
                                        
Notional Volume (Bbls)
     181,200       443,250       393,450       342,025       209,875  

 
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Calls were sold or options provided to counterparties to extend the swaps into subsequent years as follows:
 
   
Year
 2012
    
Year
2013
    
Year
2014
    
Year
2015
  
Swaptions:
                        
Notional Volume (Bbls)
     45,750       32,100       127,750       292,000  
Weighted Average Fixed Price ($/Bbl)
   $ 90.40     $ 95.00     $ 95.00     $ 95.63  

Interest Rate Risks

At June 30, 2010, we had debt outstanding of $171.7 million, which incurred interest at floating rates based on LIBOR in accordance with our reserve-based credit facility and, if the debt remains the same, a 1% increase in LIBOR would result in an estimated $0.7 million increase in annual interest expense after consideration of the interest rate swaps discussed below.

We enter into interest rate swaps, which require exchanges of cash flows that serve to synthetically convert a portion of our variable interest rate obligations to fixed interest rates. The Company records changes in the fair value of its interest rate derivatives in current earnings under unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate derivative contracts. During 2008, the company chose to de-designate its interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges as the terms of new contracts entered into in August 2008 no longer matched the terms of the original contracts, thus causing the interest rate hedges to be ineffective. The net unrealized gain related to the de-designated cash flow hedges is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and later reclassified to earnings in the month in which the transactions settle.

 
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The following summarizes information concerning our positions in open interest rate derivative contracts at June 30, 2010 (in thousands):

   
   Notional
 Amount
  
Fixed
Libor
Rates
  
Period:
              
July 1, 2010 to December 18, 2010
  
$
10,000
    
1.50
%
July 1, 2010 to December 20, 2010
  
$
10,000
    
1.85
%
July 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011
  
$
20,000
    
2.08
%
July 1, 2010 to December 10, 2012
  
$
20,000
    
3.35
%
July 1, 2010 to January 31, 2013
  
$
20,000
    
2.38
%
July 1, 2010 to January 31, 2013
  
$
20,000
    
2.66
%
 
Counterparty Risk

At June 30, 2010, based upon all of our open derivative contracts shown above and their respective mark to market values, we had the following current and long-term derivative assets and liabilities shown by counterparty with their current S&P financial strength rating in parentheses (in thousands):

   
Citibank, N.A.
(A+)
    
BNP Paribas
 (AA)
    
The Bank of Nova Scotia
 (AA-)
    
Wells Fargo Bank N.A./Wachovia Bank, N.A.
(AA)
    
BBVA Compass
( A)
    
Total
  
Current Assets
   $ 5,367     $ 12,792     $ 1,270     $ 1,679     $ 146     $ 21,254  
Current Liabilities
     (47 )     —       (65 )     (241 )     —       (353 )
Long-Term Assets
     2,264       5,314       1,660       —       308       9,546  
Long-Term Liabilities
     —       (1,767 )     (786 )     —       —       (2,553 )
Total Amount Due from/(Owed To) Counterparty
at June 30, 2010
   $ 7,584     $ 16,339     $ 2,079     $ 1,438     $ 454     $ 27,894  

We net derivative assets and liabilities for counterparties where we have a legal right of offset.

 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) was evaluated by our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, in accordance with rules of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2010 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to management and recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
     
 
39
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
On May 20, 2010, we completed the acquisition of certain natural gas and oil properties in Mississippi, Texas and New Mexico. Pursuant to this transaction, we have outsourced our production accounting for these properties to the same third party that handles the production accounting for the Permian Basin and our other South Texas properties.  As a result, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

 
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Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings. In addition, we are not aware of any legal or government proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us, under the various environmental statutes to which we are subject.
 
 
Our business faces many risks. Any of the risks discussed below or elsewhere in this Form 10-Q or our other SEC filings, could have a material impact on our business, financial position or results of operations. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business operations. For a detailed discussion of the risk factors that should be understood by any investor contemplating investment in our units, please refer to Part I- Item 1A- Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 as supplemented by the risk factors set forth below. There has been no material change in the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 other than those set forth below.

Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays.
 
Hydraulic fracturing is an important and common practice that is used to stimulate production of hydrocarbons, particularly natural gas, from tight formations. The process involves the injection of water, sand and chemicals under pressure into the formation to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production. The process is typically regulated by state oil and gas commissions but is not subject to regulation at the federal level. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, has commenced a study of the potential environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing activities, and a committee of the U.S. House of Representatives is also conducting an investigation of hydraulic fracturing practices. Legislation has been introduced before Congress to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the fracturing process. In addition, some states are considering adopting regulations that could restrict hydraulic fracturing in certain circumstances. If new laws or regulations that significantly restrict hydraulic fracturing are adopted, such laws could make it more difficult or costly for producers to perform fracturing to stimulate production from tight formations. In addition, if hydraulic fracturing is regulated at the federal level, fracturing activities could become subject to additional permitting requirements, and also to attendant permitting delays and potential increases in costs. Any such added regulation could lead to operational delays, increased operating costs and additional regulatory burdens, and reduced production of natural gas and oil, which could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

 
Climate change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of “greenhouse gases” could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for the natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil we produce while the physical effects of climate change could disrupt our production and cause us to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.
 
On December 15, 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or “EPA” published its final findings that emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other “greenhouse gases” present an endangerment to public health and the environment because emissions of such gases are, according to the EPA, contributing to warming of the earth’s atmosphere and other climatic changes. These findings allow the EPA to adopt and implement regulations that would restrict emissions of greenhouse gases under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act. Accordingly, the EPA has adopted regulations that would require a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles and could trigger permit review for greenhouse gas emissions from certain stationary sources. In addition, on October 30, 2009, the EPA published a final rule requiring the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from specified large greenhouse gas emission sources in the United States beginning in 2011 for emissions occurring in 2010. In March 2010, the EPA announced a proposed rulemaking that would expand its final rule on reporting of greenhouse gas emissions to include owners and operators of petroleum and natural gas systems. If the proposed rule is finalized in its current form, monitoring of those newly covered sources would commence on January 1, 2011. The adoption and implementation of any regulations imposing reporting obligations on, or limiting emissions of greenhouse gases from, our equipment and operations could require us to incur costs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases associated with our operations. Further, Congress is presently considering and almost one-half of the states have adopted legislation that seeks to control of reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from a wide range of sources. Any such legislation could adversely affect demand for the natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil that we produce. Finally, it should be noted that some scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, floods and other climatic events; if any such effects were to occur, they could have an adverse effect on our operations and cause us to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.
 
 
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The recent adoption of derivatives legislation by the United States Congress could have an adverse effect on our ability to use derivative instruments to reduce the effect of commodity price, interest rate and other risks associated with our business.
 
The United States Congress recently adopted comprehensive financial reform legislation that establishes federal oversight and regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market and entities, such as us, that participate in that market. The new legislation was signed into law by the President on July 21, 2010 and requires the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and the SEC to promulgate rules and regulations implementing the new legislation within 360 days from the date of enactment. The CFTC has also proposed regulations to set position limits for certain futures and option contracts in the major energy markets, although it is not possible at this time to predict whether or when the CFTC will adopt those rules or include comparable provisions in its rulemaking under the new legislation. The financial reform legislation may also require us to comply with margin requirements and with certain clearing and trade-execution requirements in connection with our derivative activities, although the application of those provisions to us is uncertain at this time. The financial reform legislation may also require the counterparties to our derivative instruments to spin off some of their derivatives activities to a separate entity, which may not be as creditworthy as the current counterparty. The new legislation and any new regulations could significantly increase the cost of derivative contracts (including through requirements to post collateral which could adversely affect our available liquidity), materially alter the terms of derivative contracts, reduce the availability of derivatives to protect against risks we encounter, reduce our ability to monetize or restructure our existing derivative contracts, and increase our exposure to less creditworthy counterparties. If we reduce our use of derivatives as a result of the legislation and regulations, our results of operations may become more volatile and our cash flows may be less predictable, which could adversely affect our ability to plan for and fund capital expenditures. Finally, the legislation was intended, in part, to reduce the volatility of oil and natural gas prices, which some legislators attributed to speculative trading in derivatives and commodity instruments related to oil and natural gas. Our revenues could therefore be adversely affected if a consequence of the legislation and regulations is to lower commodity prices. Any of these consequences could have a material, adverse effect on us, our financial condition, and our results of operations.

 
During the three months ended June 30, 2010 one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries purchased 10,000 of our common units on the open market at the prevailing market price. The following table summarizes the unit purchases that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2010:

 
Period
  
Number of common units repurchased
    
Average price paid per common unit
  
April 1, 2010 to April 30, 2010
     —     $ N/A  
May 1, 2010 to May 31, 2010
     10,000     $ 20.58  
June 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010
     —     $ N/A  
Total common units purchased
     10,000     $ 20.58  
 
 
None.
 
 
Item 5.  Other Information
 
 
 
 
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EXHIBIT INDEX
     Each exhibit identified below is filed as a part of this Report.
 
Exhibit No.
  
Exhibit Title
  
Incorporated by Reference to the Following
3.1
  
Certificate of Formation of Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC
  
Form S-1/A, filed April 25, 2007 (File No. 333-142363)
3.2
  
Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC (including specimen unit certificate for the units)
  
Form 8-K, filed November 2, 2007 (File No. 001-33756)
10.1
  
Employment Agreement, dated June 18, 2010, by and between Britt Pence, VNR Holdings, LLC and Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC
  
Filed herewith
10.2
  
Restricted Unit Award Agreement, by and between Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC and Britt Pence
  
Filed herewith
10.3
  
Phantom Unit Award Agreement, by and between Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC, VNR Holdings, LLC and Britt Pence
  
Filed herewith
10.4
  
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated April 30, 2010, by and between Alpine Gas Investors, LP and Vanguard Permian, LLC
  
Form 8-K, filed May 5, 2010 (File No. 001-33756)
10.5
  
Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated June 1, 2010, among Vanguard Natural Gas, LLC, Citibank, N.A. , Existing Lenders (as defined therein), and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank
  
Form 8-K, filed June 4, 2010 (File No. 001-33756)
31.1
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a — 14 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  
Filed herewith
31.2
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a — 14 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  
Filed herewith
32.1
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  
Filed herewith
32.2
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  
Filed herewith

 
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SIGNATURE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Vanguard Natural Resources, LLC has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
VANGUARD NATURAL RESOURCES, LLC
 
(Registrant)
   
Date: August 4, 2010
  
 
/s/ Richard A. Robert
 
Richard A. Robert
 
Executive Vice President and
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
 

 
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Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc. Reports

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