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EX-23.A - EX-23.A - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPk48903exv23wa.htm
EX-32.A - EX-32.A - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPk48903exv32wa.htm
EX-32.B - EX-32.B - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPk48903exv32wb.htm
EX-31.A - EX-31.A - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPk48903exv31wa.htm
EX-21.1.A - EX-21.1.A - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPk48903exv21w1wa.htm
EX-4.F.133 - EX-4.F.133 - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPk48903exv4wfw133.htm
EX-31.B - EX-31.B - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPk48903exv31wb.htm
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
     
þ   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2009
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from                to               
Commission File Number 000-20202
CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
     
Michigan   38-1999511
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
25505 W. Twelve Mile Road    
Southfield, Michigan   48034-8339
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(248) 353-2700
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock   NASDAQ
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer þ   Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of 4,055,413 shares of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2009 was approximately $88.6 million. For purposes of this computation all officers, directors and 10% beneficial owners of the Registrant are assumed to be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed an admission that such officers, directors and beneficial owners are, in fact, affiliates of the Registrant.
At February 19, 2010, there were 31,294,761 shares of the Registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement pertaining to the 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) filed pursuant to Regulation 14A are incorporated herein by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”).
 
 

 


 

CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2009
INDEX TO FORM 10-K
         
Item   Page
       
 
       
    3  
 
       
    13  
 
       
    18  
 
       
    18  
 
       
    19  
 
       
    19  
 
       
       
 
       
    20  
 
       
    22  
 
       
    23  
 
       
    40  
 
       
    41  
 
       
    79  
 
       
    79  
 
       
    81  
 
       
       
 
       
    81  
 
       
    81  
 
       
    81  
 
       
    81  
 
       
    82  
 
       
       
 
       
    82  
 
       
    83  
 EX-4.F.133
 EX-21.1.A
 EX-23.A
 EX-31.A
 EX-31.B
 EX-32.A
 EX-32.B

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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
     Since 1972, Credit Acceptance (referred to as the “Company”, “Credit Acceptance”, “we”, “our” or “us”) has provided auto loans to consumers, regardless of their credit history. Our product is offered through a nationwide network of automobile dealers who benefit from sales of vehicles to consumers who otherwise could not obtain financing; from repeat and referral sales generated by these same customers; and from sales to customers responding to advertisements for our product, but who actually end up qualifying for traditional financing.
     Credit Acceptance was founded to collect retail installment contracts (referred to as “Consumer Loans”) originated by automobile dealerships owned by our founder, majority shareholder and Chairman, Donald Foss. During the 1980s, we began to market this service to non-affiliated dealers and, at the same time, began to offer dealers a non-recourse cash payment (referred to as an “advance”) against anticipated future collections on Consumer Loans serviced for that dealer.
     We refer to dealers who participate in our programs and who share our commitment to changing consumers’ lives as “Dealer-Partners”. Upon enrollment in our financing programs, the Dealer-Partner enters into a dealer servicing agreement with us that defines the legal relationship between Credit Acceptance and the Dealer-Partner. The dealer servicing agreement assigns the responsibilities for administering, servicing, and collecting the amounts due on Consumer Loans from the Dealer-Partners to us. A consumer who does not qualify for conventional automobile financing can purchase a used vehicle from a Dealer-Partner and finance the purchase through us. We are an indirect lender from a legal perspective, meaning the Consumer Loan is originated by the Dealer-Partner and assigned to us.
     Consumers and Dealer-Partners benefit from our programs as follows:
     Consumers. We help change the lives of consumers who do not qualify for conventional automobile financing by helping them obtain quality transportation. Without our product, consumers are often unable to purchase a vehicle or they purchase an unreliable one. Further, as we report to the three national credit reporting agencies, an important ancillary benefit of our program is that we provide a significant number of our consumers with an opportunity to improve their lives by improving their credit score and move on to more traditional sources of financing.
     Dealer-Partners. Our program increases Dealer-Partners’ profits in the following ways:
    Enables Dealer-Partners to sell cars to consumers who may not be able to obtain financing without our program. In addition, consumers often become repeat customers by financing future vehicle purchases either through our program or, after they have successfully established or reestablished their credit, through conventional financing.
 
    Allows Dealer-Partners to share in the profit, not only from the sale of the vehicle, but also from its financing.
 
    Enables Dealer-Partners to attract consumers by advertising “guaranteed credit approval”, where allowed by law. The consumers will often use other services of the Dealer-Partners and refer friends and relatives to them.
 
    Enables Dealer-Partners to attract consumers who mistakenly assume they do not qualify for conventional financing.
Business Segments
     We have two reportable business segments: United States and Other. The United States segment is our dominant segment and primarily consists of the United States automobile financing business. The Other segment consists of businesses in liquidation, primarily represented by the discontinued United Kingdom automobile financing business. For information regarding our reportable segments, see Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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Principal Business
     We have two programs: the Portfolio Program and the Purchase Program. Under the Portfolio Program, we advance money to Dealer-Partners (referred to as a “Dealer Loan”) in exchange for the right to service the underlying Consumer Loan. Under the Purchase Program, we buy the Consumer Loan from the Dealer-Partner (referred to as a “Purchased Loan”) and keep all amounts collected from the consumer. Dealer Loans and Purchased Loans are collectively referred to as “Loans”. The following table shows the percentage of Consumer Loans assigned to us under each of the programs for each of the last 12 quarters:
                 
Quarter Ended   Portfolio Program   Purchase Program
March 31, 2007
    94.8 %     5.2 %
June 30, 2007
    83.8 %     16.2 %
September 30, 2007
    74.5 %     25.5 %
December 31, 2007
    70.6 %     29.4 %
March 31, 2008
    70.2 %     29.8 %
June 30, 2008
    65.4 %     34.6 %
September 30, 2008
    69.2 %     30.8 %
December 31, 2008
    78.2 %     21.8 %
March 31, 2009
    82.3 %     17.7 %
June 30, 2009
    86.0 %     14.0 %
September 30, 2009
    89.0 %     11.0 %
December 31, 2009
    90.8 %     9.2 %
     Portfolio Program
     As payment for the vehicle, the Dealer-Partner generally receives the following:
    a down payment from the consumer;
 
    a cash advance from us; and
 
    after the advance has been recovered by us, the cash from payments made on the Consumer Loan, net of certain collection costs and our servicing fee (“Dealer Holdback”).
     We record the amount advanced to the Dealer-Partner as a Dealer Loan, which is classified within Loans receivable in our consolidated balance sheets. Cash advanced to Dealer-Partners is automatically assigned to the originating Dealer-Partner’s open pool of advances. We require Dealer-Partners to group advances into pools of at least 100 Consumer Loans. At the Dealer-Partner’s option, a pool containing at least 100 Consumer Loans can be closed and subsequent advances assigned to a new pool. All advances due from a Dealer-Partner are secured by the future collections on the Dealer-Partner’s portfolio of Consumer Loans assigned to us. For Dealer-Partners with more than one pool, the pools are cross-collateralized so the performance of other pools is considered in determining eligibility for Dealer Holdback. We perfect our security interest in the Dealer Loans by taking possession of the Consumer Loans, which list us as lien holder on the vehicle title.
     The dealer servicing agreement provides that collections received by us during a calendar month on Consumer Loans assigned by a Dealer-Partner are applied on a pool-by-pool basis as follows:
    First, to reimburse us for certain collection costs;
 
    Second, to pay us our servicing fee, which generally equals 20% of collections;
 
    Third, to reduce the aggregate advance balance and to pay any other amounts due from the Dealer-Partner to us; and
 
    Fourth, to the Dealer-Partner as payment of Dealer Holdback.
     Dealer-Partners have an opportunity to receive an accelerated Dealer Holdback payment at the time a pool of 100 or more Consumer Loans is closed. The amount paid to the Dealer-Partner is calculated using a formula that considers the forecasted collections and the advance balance on the closed pool. If the collections on Consumer Loans from a Dealer-Partner’s pool are not sufficient to repay the advance balance and any other amounts due to us, the Dealer-Partner will not receive Dealer Holdback.
     Since typically the combination of the advance and the consumer’s down payment provides the Dealer-Partner with a cash profit at the time of sale, the Dealer-Partner’s risk in the Consumer Loan is limited. We cannot demand repayment of the advance from the Dealer-Partner except in the event the Dealer-Partner is in default of the dealer servicing agreement. Advances are made only after the consumer and Dealer-Partner have signed a Consumer Loan contract, we have received the original Consumer Loan contract and supporting documentation, and we have approved all of the related stipulations for funding. The Dealer-Partner can also opt to repurchase Consumer Loans that have been assigned to us under the Portfolio Program, at their discretion, for a fee.

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     For accounting purposes, the transactions described under the Portfolio Program are not considered to be loans to consumers. Instead, our accounting reflects that of a lender to the Dealer-Partner. The classification as a Dealer Loan for accounting purposes is primarily a result of (1) the Dealer-Partner’s financial interest in the Consumer Loan and (2) certain elements of our legal relationship with the Dealer-Partner. For each individual Dealer-Partner, the amount of the Dealer Loan recorded in Loans receivable is comprised of the following:
    the aggregate amount of all cash advances to the Dealer-Partner;
 
    finance charges;
 
    Dealer Holdback payments;
 
    accelerated Dealer Holdback payments; and
 
    recoveries.
     Less:
    collections (net of certain collection costs); and
 
    write-offs.
     Purchase Program
     We began offering a Purchase Program on a limited basis in March of 2005. The Purchase Program differs from our Portfolio Program in that the Dealer-Partner receives a single payment from us at the time of origination instead of a cash advance and Dealer Holdback. Purchase Program volume increased significantly beginning in 2007 as the program was offered to additional Dealer-Partners and decreased in 2009 as a result of pricing changes we implemented in order to increase our profitability.
     For accounting purposes, the transactions described under the Purchase Program are considered to be originated by the Dealer-Partner and then purchased by us. The amount of Purchased Loans recorded in Loans receivable is comprised of the following:
    the aggregate amount of all amounts paid to purchase Consumer Loans from Dealer-Partners;
 
    finance charges; and
 
    recoveries.
     Less:
    collections (net of certain collection costs); and
 
    write-offs.
     Program Enrollment
     Dealer-Partners that enroll in our programs have two enrollment options available to them. The first enrollment option allows Dealer-Partners to assign Consumer Loans under the Portfolio Program and requires payment of an upfront, one-time fee of $9,850. The second enrollment option, which became effective September 1, 2009, allows Dealer-Partners to assign Consumer Loans under the Portfolio Program and requires payment of an upfront, one-time fee of $1,950 and an agreement to allow us to keep 50% of their first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment. Prior to September 1, 2009, Dealer-Partners who chose the second enrollment option did not pay an upfront fee but agreed to allow us to keep 50% of their first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment. For all Dealer-Partners enrolling in our program after August 31, 2008, access to the Purchase Program is only granted after the first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment has been made under the Portfolio Program.
     Revenue Sources
     Credit Acceptance derives its revenues from the following principal sources:
    Finance charges, which are comprised of: (1) servicing fees earned as a result of servicing Consumer Loans assigned to us by Dealer-Partners under the Portfolio Program, (2) finance charge income from Purchased Loans, (3) fees earned from our third party ancillary product offerings, (4) monthly program fees of $599, charged to Dealer-Partners under the Portfolio Program; and (5) fees associated with certain Loans;
 
    Premiums earned on the reinsurance of vehicle service contracts; and
 
    Other income, which primarily consists of: dealer support products and services, marketing income, dealer enrollment fees, interest income, and vehicle service contract and Guaranteed Asset Protection (“GAP”) profit sharing income. For additional information, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 to this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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     The following table sets forth the percent relationship to total revenue from continuing operations of each of these sources:
                         
    Years Ended December 31,
Percent of Total Revenue from Continuing Operations   2009   2008   2007
Finance charges
    86.6 %     91.8 %     91.9 %
Premiums earned
    8.8 %     1.3 %     0.2 %
Other income
    4.6 %     6.9 %     7.9 %
 
                       
Total revenue
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
 
                       
     Our business is seasonal with peak Consumer Loan acceptances and collections occurring during the first quarter of the year. However, this seasonality does not have a material impact on our interim results.
     Operations in the United States
     Our target market is approximately 60,000 independent and franchised automobile dealers in the United States. The number of Dealer-Partner enrollments and active Dealer-Partners for each of the last five years are presented in the table below:
         
Years Ended   Dealer-Partner   Active
December 31,   Enrollments   Dealer-Partners (1)
2005
     956   1,766
2006   1,172   2,214
2007   1,835   2,827
2008   1,646   3,264
2009   1,338   3,168
 
(1)   Active Dealer-Partners are Dealer-Partners who have received funding for at least one Loan during the period.
     A new Dealer-Partner is required to enter into a dealer servicing agreement with Credit Acceptance that defines the legal relationship between Credit Acceptance and the Dealer-Partner. The dealer servicing agreement assigns the responsibilities for administering, servicing, and collecting the amounts due on Consumer Loans from the Dealer-Partners to us. Under the typical dealer servicing agreement, a Dealer-Partner represents that it will only assign Consumer Loans to us which satisfy criteria established by us, meet certain conditions with respect to their binding nature and the status of the security interest in the purchased vehicle, and comply with applicable state, federal and foreign laws and regulations.
     The typical dealer servicing agreement may be terminated by us or by the Dealer-Partner upon written notice. We may terminate the dealer servicing agreement immediately in the case of an event of default by the Dealer-Partner. Events of default include, among other things:
    the Dealer-Partner’s refusal to allow us to audit its records relating to the Consumer Loans assigned to us;
 
    the Dealer-Partner, without our consent, is dissolved; merges or consolidates with an entity not affiliated with the Dealer-Partner; or sells a material part of its assets outside the course of its business to an entity not affiliated with the Dealer-Partner; or
 
    the appointment of a receiver for, or the bankruptcy or insolvency of, the Dealer-Partner.
     While a Dealer-Partner can cease assigning Consumer Loans to us at any time without terminating the dealer servicing agreement, if the Dealer-Partner elects to terminate the dealer servicing agreement or in the event of a default, the Dealer-Partner must immediately pay us:
    any unreimbursed collection costs on Dealer Loans;
 
    any unpaid advances and all amounts owed by the Dealer-Partner to us; and
 
    a termination fee equal to 15% of the then outstanding amount of the Consumer Loans assigned to us.
     Upon receipt of such amounts in full, we reassign the Consumer Loans and our security interest in the financed vehicles to the Dealer-Partner.
     In the event of a termination of the dealer servicing agreement by us, we may continue to service Consumer Loans assigned by Dealer-Partners accepted prior to termination in the normal course of business without charging a termination fee.

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     A monthly statement is made available to Dealer-Partners from us summarizing all activity on Consumer Loans assigned by such Dealer-Partner.
     Consumer Loan Assignment. Once a Dealer-Partner has enrolled in our programs, the Dealer-Partner may begin assigning Consumer Loans to us. For accounting purposes, a Consumer Loan is considered to have been assigned to us after all of the following has occurred:
    the consumer and Dealer-Partner have signed a Consumer Loan contract;
 
    we have received the original Consumer Loan contract and supporting documentation;
 
    we have approved all of the related stipulations for funding; and
 
    we have provided funding to the Dealer-Partner in the form of either an advance for a Dealer Loan or the purchase price for a Purchased Loan.
     A Consumer Loan is originated by the Dealer-Partner when a consumer enters into a contract with a Dealer-Partner that sets forth the terms of the agreement between the consumer and the Dealer-Partner for the payment of the purchase price of the vehicle. The amount of the Consumer Loan consists of the total principal and interest that the consumer is required to pay over the term of the Consumer Loan. In the majority of states, Consumer Loans are written on a contract form provided by us. Although the Dealer-Partner is named in the Consumer Loan contract, the Dealer-Partner generally does not have legal ownership of the Consumer Loan for more than a moment and we, not the Dealer-Partner, are listed as lien holder on the vehicle title. Consumers are obligated to make payments on the Consumer Loan directly to us, and any failure to make such payments will result in us pursuing payment through collection efforts.
     Virtually all Consumer Loans submitted to us for assignment are processed through our Credit Approval Processing System (“CAPS”). CAPS allows Dealer-Partners to input a consumer’s credit application and view the response from us via the Internet. CAPS allows Dealer-Partners to: (1) receive a quick approval from us; and (2) interact with our proprietary credit scoring system to optimize the structure of each transaction prior to delivery. All responses include the amount of funding (advance for a Dealer Loan or purchase price for a Purchased Loan), as well as any stipulations required for funding. The amount of funding is determined using a formula which considers a number of factors including the timing and amount of cash flows expected on the related Consumer Loan and our target return on capital at the time the Consumer Loan is submitted to us for assignment. The estimated future cash flows are determined based upon our proprietary credit scoring system, which considers numerous variables, including attributes contained in the consumer’s credit bureau report, data contained in the consumer’s credit application, the structure of the proposed transaction, vehicle information and other factors, to calculate a composite credit score that corresponds to an expected collection rate. Our proprietary credit scoring system forecasts the collection rate based upon the historical performance of Consumer Loans in our portfolio that share similar characteristics. The performance of our proprietary credit scoring system is evaluated monthly by comparing projected to actual Consumer Loan performance. Adjustments are made to our proprietary credit scoring system as necessary. For additional information on adjustments to forecasted collection rates, please see the Critical Accounting Estimates section in Item 7 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
     While a Dealer-Partner can submit any legally compliant Consumer Loan to us for assignment, the decision whether to provide funding to the Dealer-Partner and the amount of any funding is made solely by us. We perform all significant functions relating to the processing of the Consumer Loan applications and bear certain costs of Consumer Loan assignment, including the cost of assessing the adequacy of Consumer Loan documentation, compliance with underwriting guidelines and the cost of verifying employment, residence and other information provided by the Dealer-Partner.
     If we discover a misrepresentation by the Dealer-Partner relating to a Consumer Loan assigned to us, we can demand that the Consumer Loan be repurchased for the current balance of the Consumer Loan less the amount of any unearned finance charge plus the applicable termination fee, which is generally $500. Upon receipt of such amount in full, we will reassign the Consumer Loan and our security interest in the financed vehicle to the Dealer-Partner. The Dealer-Partner can also opt to repurchase their Consumer Loan portfolio assigned under the Portfolio Program, at their discretion, for a fee.
     Our business model allows us to share the risk and reward of collecting on the Consumer Loans with the Dealer-Partners. Such sharing is intended to motivate the Dealer-Partner to assign better quality Consumer Loans, follow our underwriting guidelines, comply with various legal regulations, meet our credit compliance requirements, and provide appropriate service and support to the consumer after the sale. In order to assist the Dealer-Partner in these and other areas, we offer the services of our Dealer-Partner Service Center (“DPSC”). We believe this arrangement, along with the support of the DPSC, aligns our interests with the interests of the Dealer-Partner and the consumer. During the third quarter of 2005, we began to outsource DPSC functions related to legal regulation compliance and credit compliance to a company in India. In the second quarter of 2008, we discontinued the outsourcing of our credit compliance function. As of December 31, 2009, our legal regulation compliance validation function remains outsourced to a company in India.

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     We measure various criteria for each Dealer-Partner against other Dealer-Partners in their area as well as the top performing Dealer-Partners. Dealer-Partners are assigned a dealer rating based upon the performance of their Consumer Loans in both the Portfolio and Purchase Programs as well as other criteria. The dealer rating is one of the factors used to determine the amount paid to Dealer-Partners as an advance or to acquire a Purchased Loan. Sales representatives regularly review the performance of each Dealer-Partner and, together with the Dealer-Partner, create an action plan to improve the Dealer-Partner’s dealer rating and overall success with our program.
     Information on our Consumer Loans is presented in the following table:
                                         
    Years Ended December 31,
Average Consumer Loan Data   2009   2008   2007   2006   2005
Average size of Consumer Loan accepted
  $ 12,689     $ 14,518     $ 13,878     $ 12,722     $ 12,015  
Percentage growth (decline) in average size of Consumer Loan
    (12.6 )%     4.6 %     9.1 %     5.9 %     (5.9 )%
Average initial term (in months)
    38       42       41       37       35  
     Collections. Our largest group of collectors service Consumer Loans that are in the early stages of delinquency. These collectors are organized into teams comprised of two job types: (1) loan collectors; and (2) senior loan collectors. Collection efforts typically consist of placing a call to the consumer within one day of the missed payment due date. Loan collectors are assigned Consumer Loans that are segmented into dialing pools by various phone contact profiles in an effort to maximize contact with the consumer. Our senior loan collectors have a higher skill level and access to additional tools. These collectors, in addition to securing payment arrangements, locate consumers by finding new contact information to assist in their team’s collection efforts. The senior loan collectors service Consumer Loans with the following characteristics:
    no valid phone contact information;
 
    valid contact information without any contact in seven days; or
 
    various specialty segments (such as military personnel, abandoned vehicles, voluntary surrenders, and accounts requiring investigation).
     The decision to repossess a vehicle is based on statistical models or policy based criteria. When a Consumer Loan is approved for repossession, the account is transferred to our repossession team. Repossession personnel continue to service the Consumer Loan as it is being assigned to a third party repossession contractor, who works on a contingency fee basis. Once a vehicle has been repossessed, the consumer can negotiate to redeem the vehicle, whereupon the vehicle is returned to the consumer in exchange for paying off the Consumer Loan balance; or, where appropriate, or if required by law, the vehicle is returned to the consumer and the Consumer Loan is reinstated in exchange for a payment that reduces or eliminates the past due balance. If neither process is successful, the vehicle is sold at a wholesale automobile auction. Prior to sale, the vehicle is usually inspected by our remarketing representatives who authorize repair and reconditioning work in order to maximize the net sale proceeds at auction.
     If the vehicle sale proceeds are not sufficient to satisfy the balance owing on the Consumer Loan, the Consumer Loan is serviced by either: (1) our internal collection team, in the event the consumer is willing to make payments on the deficiency balance; or (2) where permitted by law, our external collection team, if it is believed that legal action is required to reduce the deficiency balance owing on the Consumer Loan. Our external collection team generally assigns Consumer Loans to third party collection attorneys who work on a contingency fee basis. The third party collection attorneys then file a claim, and upon obtaining a judgment, garnish wages or other assets. Additionally, we may sell or assign Consumer Loans to third party collection companies.
     Collectors rely on two systems; the Collection System (“CS”) and the Loan Servicing System (“LSS”). The CS and the LSS are connected through a batch interface. The present CS has been in service since June 2002. The CS interfaces with a predictive dialer and records all activity on a Consumer Loan, including details of past phone conversations with the consumer, collection letters sent, promises to pay, broken promises, repossession orders and collection attorney activity. The LSS maintains a record of all transactions relating to Consumer Loans assigned after July 1990 and is a primary source of data utilized to:
    evaluate our proprietary credit scoring system;
 
    forecast future collections;
 
    establish the amount of revenue recognized by us; and
 
    analyze the profitability of our program.
     During the third quarter of 2005, we began an initiative to outsource a portion of our collection function to a company in India. In the second quarter of 2006, we entered into another outsourcing arrangement with a company in Costa Rica. These outsourced collectors service accounts using the CS and typically service accounts that are less than sixty days past due. We believe outsourcing these functions reduces the geographic risk of having collection centers only in the United States and provides

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additional flexibility to scale our operation, comparable performance at a lower wage rate and the opportunity to share best practices with outside collection companies.
Ancillary Products
     We provide Dealer-Partners the ability to offer vehicle service contracts to consumers. A vehicle service contract provides the consumer protection by paying for the repair or replacement of certain components of the vehicle in the event of a mechanical failure. Buyers Vehicle Protection Plan, Inc. (“BVPP”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, has relationships with third party administrators (“TPAs”) whereby the TPAs process claims on vehicle service contracts that are underwritten by third party insurers. BVPP receives a commission for all vehicle service contracts sold by our Dealer-Partners when the vehicle is financed by us. The commission is included in the retail price of the vehicle service contract which is added to the Consumer Loan. We provide Dealer-Partners with an additional advance based on the retail price of the vehicle service contract. We recognize our commission from the vehicle service contracts as part of finance charges on a level-yield basis based upon forecasted cash flows. We bear the risk of loss for claims on certain vehicle service contracts that are reinsured by us.
     During the fourth quarter of 2008, we formed VSC Re Company (“VSC Re”), our wholly-owned subsidiary that is engaged in the business of reinsuring coverage under vehicle service contracts sold to consumers by Dealer-Partners on vehicles financed by us. Prior to October 31, 2009, VSC Re reinsured vehicle service contracts that were underwritten by two of our three third party insurers. Effective October 31, 2009, we terminated our arrangement with one of our three third party insurers. VSC Re currently reinsures vehicle service contracts that are underwritten by one of our two third party insurers. Vehicle service contract premiums, which represent the selling price of the vehicle service contract to the consumer, less commissions and certain administrative costs, are contributed to trust accounts controlled by VSC Re. These premiums are used to fund claims covered under the vehicle service contracts. VSC Re is a bankruptcy remote entity. As such, the exposure to fund claims is limited to the amount of premium dollars contributed, less amounts earned and withdrawn, plus $0.5 million of equity contributed. With the reinsurance structure, we are able to access projected excess trust assets annually and record revenue and expense on an accrual basis. We formed VSC Re in order to enhance our control and security of the trust assets that are used to pay future vehicle service contract claims. The amount of income we earn from the vehicle service contracts over time is not expected to be impacted by the formation of VSC Re, as both before and after the formation, the income we recognize, excluding our commissions, is based on the amount by which vehicle service contract premiums exceed claims. The only change in our risk associated with adverse claims experience relates to the $0.5 million equity contribution that was required as part of this new structure, which is now at risk in the event claims exceed premiums. Under the prior structure, our risk was limited to the amount of premiums contributed to the trusts.
     Prior to the formation of VSC Re, our agreements with two of our vehicle service contract TPAs allowed us to receive profit sharing payments depending upon the performance of the vehicle service contract programs. The agreements also required that vehicle service contract premiums be placed in trust accounts. Funds in the trust accounts were utilized by the TPA to pay claims on the vehicle service contracts. Upon the formation of VSC Re during the fourth quarter of 2008, the unearned premiums on the majority of the vehicle service contracts that had been written through these two TPAs were ceded to VSC Re along with any related trust assets. Vehicle service contracts written prior to 2008 through one of the TPAs remain under this profit sharing arrangement. Profit sharing payments, if any, on the vehicle service contracts are distributed to us periodically after the term of the vehicle service contracts have substantially expired provided certain loss rates are met. We are considered the primary beneficiary of the trusts and as a result, the assets and liabilities of the remaining trust have been consolidated on our balance sheet.
     BVPP also has a relationship with a TPA that allows Dealer-Partners to offer a GAP product to consumers whereby the TPA processes claims that are underwritten by a third party insurer. GAP provides the consumer protection by paying the difference between the loan balance and the amount covered by the consumer’s insurance policy in the event of a total loss of the vehicle due to severe damage or theft. We receive a commission for all GAP contracts sold by our Dealer-Partners when the vehicle is financed by us, and do not bear any risk of loss for claims. The commission is included in the retail price of the GAP contract which is added to the Consumer Loan. We provide Dealer-Partners with an additional advance based on the retail price of the GAP contract. We recognize our commission from the GAP contracts as part of finance charges on a level-yield basis based upon forecasted cash flows. We are eligible to receive profit sharing payments depending on the performance of the GAP program. Profit sharing payments from the third party are received once a year, if eligible.
     During 2006, we began to provide Dealer-Partners in certain states the ability to purchase Global Positioning Systems (“GPS”) with Starter Interrupt Devices (“SID”). Through this program, Dealer-Partners can install a GPS-based SID (“GPS-SID”) on vehicles financed by us that can be activated if the consumer fails to make payments on their account, and can result in the prompt repossession of the vehicle. Installation of the GPS-SID has a positive impact on collections and therefore on the initial advance paid to the Dealer-Partner. Dealer-Partners purchase the GPS-SID directly from third parties and ownership of the GPS-SID device resides with the Dealer-Partner. The third parties pay us a marketing fee for each device sold and installed, at which time the marketing fee revenue is recognized in other income within our consolidated statements of income.

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Businesses in Liquidation
     Effective June 30, 2003, we stopped originating Consumer Loans in the United Kingdom and we sold the remainder of the portfolio on December 30, 2005.
Competition
     The market for consumers who do not qualify for conventional automobile financing is large and highly competitive. The market is currently served by “buy here, pay here” dealerships, banks, captive finance affiliates of automobile manufacturers, credit unions and independent finance companies both publicly and privately owned. Many of these companies are much larger and have greater resources than us. We compete by offering a profitable and efficient method for Dealer-Partners to finance customers who would be more difficult or less profitable to finance through other methods. In addition, we compete on the basis of the level of service provided by our origination and sales personnel.
Customer and Geographic Concentrations
     No single Dealer-Partner accounted for more than 10% of total revenues during any of the last three years. Additionally, no single Dealer-Partner’s Loans receivable balance accounted for more than 10% of total Loans receivable balance as of December 31, 2009 or 2008. The following tables provide information regarding the five states that were responsible for the largest dollar amount of Consumer Loans assigned to us and the number of active Dealer-Partners in the United States during 2009, 2008, and 2007:
                                 
    Year Ended December 31, 2009  
    Consumer Loans     Active Dealer-Partners (1)  
(Dollars in thousands)   Dollar Volume     % of Total     Number     % of Total  
Michigan
  $ 141,773       10.1 %     197       6.2 %
New York
    101,397       7.2       178       5.6  
Texas
    100,647       7.1       250       7.9  
Ohio
    81,422       5.8       187       5.9  
Alabama
    77,625       5.5       126       4.0  
All other states
    905,930       64.3       2,230       70.4  
 
                       
Total
  $ 1,408,794       100.0 %     3,168       100.0 %
 
                       
                                 
    Year Ended December 31, 2008  
    Consumer Loans     Active Dealer-Partners (1)  
(Dollars in thousands)   Dollar Volume     % of Total     Number     % of Total  
Texas
  $ 149,554       8.5 %     240       7.4 %
Michigan
    131,022       7.4       198       6.1  
Alabama
    119,902       6.8       120       3.7  
Ohio
    119,133       6.8       182       5.6  
New York
    93,037       5.3       174       5.3  
All other states
    1,148,117       65.2       2,350       71.9  
 
                       
Total
  $ 1,760,765       100.0 %     3,264       100.0 %
 
                       
                                 
    Year Ended December 31, 2007  
    Consumer Loans     Active Dealer-Partners (1)  
(Dollars in thousands)   Dollar Volume     % of Total     Number     % of Total  
Texas
  $ 134,758       9.1 %     186       6.6 %
Michigan
    108,055       7.3       168       5.9  
Alabama
    98,595       6.7       89       3.1  
Ohio
    86,240       5.8       157       5.6  
Mississippi
    75,916       5.1       71       2.5  
All other states
    977,123       66.0       2,156       76.3  
 
                       
Total
  $ 1,480,687       100.0 %     2,827       100.0 %
 
                       
 
(1)   Active Dealer-Partners are Dealer-Partners who have received funding for at least one Loan during the year.

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Geographic Financial Information
     For the three years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, revenues from continuing operations were primarily derived from operations in the United States and long-lived assets were primarily located in the United States. For additional geographic financial information, see Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Regulation
     Our business is subject to laws and regulations, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and other various state and federal laws and regulations. These laws and regulations, among other things, require licensing and qualification; limit interest rates, fees and other charges associated with the Consumer Loans assigned to us; require specified disclosures by Dealer-Partners to consumers; govern the sale and terms of ancillary products; and define the rights to repossess and sell collateral. Failure to comply with these laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on us by, among other things, limiting the jurisdictions in which we may operate, restricting our ability to realize the value of the collateral securing the Consumer Loans, making it more costly or burdensome to do business or resulting in potential liability. The volume of new or modified laws and regulations has increased in recent years and has increased significantly in response to issues arising with respect to consumer lending. From time to time, legislation and regulations are enacted which increase the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among financial services providers. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of financial institutions and financial services providers are frequently made in the U.S. Congress, in the state legislatures and by various regulatory agencies. This legislation may change our operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways and may have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, the U.S. House of Representatives has passed legislation relating to the creation of a consumer financial protection agency that would provide the U.S. federal government with broad powers to regulate consumer financial services products. We cannot predict whether any of this potential legislation will be enacted and, if enacted, the effect that it, or any implemented regulations, would have on our financial condition or results of operations, but these changes could impact the profitability of our business activities, require us to change certain of our business practices and expose us to additional costs (including increased compliance costs). In addition, governmental regulations which would deplete the supply of used vehicles, such as environmental protection regulations governing emissions or fuel consumption, could have a material adverse effect on us.
     Our Dealer-Partners must also comply with credit and trade practice statutes and regulations. Failure of our Dealer-Partners to comply with these statutes and regulations could result in consumers having rights of rescission and other remedies that could have a material adverse effect on us.
     The sale of vehicle service contracts and GAP by Dealer-Partners in connection with Consumer Loans assigned to us from Dealer-Partners is also subject to state laws and regulations. As we are the holder of the Consumer Loans that may, in part, finance these products, some of these state laws and regulations may apply to our servicing and collection of the Consumer Loans. Although these laws and regulations do not significantly affect our business, there can be no assurance that insurance or other regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions in which these products are offered by Dealer-Partners will not seek to regulate or restrict the operation of our business in these jurisdictions. Any regulation or restriction of our business in these jurisdictions could materially adversely affect the income received from these products.
     We believe that we maintain all material licenses and permits required for our current operations and are in substantial compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Our agreements with Dealer-Partners provide that the Dealer-Partner shall indemnify us with respect to any loss or expense we incur as a result of the Dealer-Partner’s failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.

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Team Members
     As of December 31, 2009, we had 911 full and part-time team members. Our team members have no union affiliations and we believe our relationship with our team members is good. The table below presents team members by function:
                 
    Number of Team
    Members
    Years Ended December 31,
Function   2009   2008
Originations (1)
    224       260  
Servicing (2)
    462       553  
Support (3)
    225       235  
 
               
Total
    911       1,048  
 
               
 
(1)   The originations function includes team members in the DPSC and sales departments.
 
(2)   The servicing function primarily includes team members in the collections, repossession, and remarketing departments.
 
(3)   The support function primarily includes team members in the information technology, finance, analytics, corporate legal, and human resources departments.
Available Information
     Our Internet address is creditacceptance.com. We make available, free of charge on the web site, copies of reports we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such reports.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our inability to accurately forecast and estimate the amount and timing of future collections could have a material adverse effect on results of operations.
     Substantially all of the Consumer Loans assigned to us are made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories or higher debt-to-income ratios than are permitted by traditional lenders. Consumer Loans made to these individuals generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession and higher losses than loans made to consumers with better credit. Since most of our revenue and cash flows from operations are generated from these Consumer Loans, our ability to accurately forecast Consumer Loan performance is critical to our business and financial results. At the time of Consumer Loan acceptance or purchase, we forecast future expected cash flows from the Consumer Loan. Based on these forecasts, which include estimates for wholesale vehicle prices in the event of vehicle repossession and sale, we make an advance or cash payment to the related Dealer-Partner at a level designed to achieve an acceptable return on capital. These forecasts also serve as a critical assumption in our accounting for recognizing finance charge income and determining our allowance for credit losses. If Consumer Loan performance equals or exceeds original expectations, it is likely our target return on capital will be achieved. However, actual cash flows from any individual Consumer Loan are often different than cash flows estimated at Consumer Loan inception. There can be no assurance that our forecasts will be accurate or that Consumer Loan performance will be as expected. Recent economic conditions have made forecasts regarding the performance of Consumer Loans more difficult. In the event that our forecasts are not accurate, our financial position, liquidity and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We may be unable to execute our business strategy due to current economic conditions.
     Our financial position, liquidity and results of operations depend on management’s ability to execute our business strategy. Key factors involved in the execution of our business strategy include achieving our desired Consumer Loan assignment volume, continued and successful use of CAPS and pricing strategy, the use of effective credit risk management techniques and servicing strategies, implementation of effective Consumer Loan servicing and collection practices, continued investment in technology to support operating efficiency and continued access to funding and liquidity sources. Although we recently implemented pricing changes that were intended to have a positive impact on unit volume, in exchange for mostly lower returns on capital, there can be no assurance that this change will have its intended effect or that lower returns on capital will be modest. Our failure or inability to execute any element of our business strategy could materially adversely affect our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.
We may be unable to continue to access or renew funding sources and obtain capital needed to maintain and grow our business.
     We use debt financing to fund new Loans and pay Dealer Holdback. We currently utilize the following forms of debt financing: (1) a revolving secured line of credit with a commercial bank syndicate; (2) revolving secured warehouse facilities with institutional investors; (3) asset-backed secured financings (“Term ABS”) with qualified institutional investors; and (4) Senior Secured Notes due 2017 issued pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Senior Notes”). We cannot guarantee that the revolving secured line of credit or the revolving secured warehouse facilities will continue to be available beyond their current maturity dates on acceptable terms or at all, or that we will be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all. The availability of additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit and our credit ratings and capacity for additional borrowing under our existing financing arrangements. If our various financing alternatives were to become limited or unavailable, we may be unable to maintain or grow Consumer Loan volume at the level that we anticipate and our operations could be materially adversely affected.
The terms of our debt limit how we conduct our business.
     The agreements that govern our debt contain covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things:
    incur and guarantee debt;
 
    pay dividends or make other distributions on or redeem or repurchase our stock;
 
    make investments or acquisitions;
 
    create liens on our assets;
 
    sell assets;
 
    merge with or into other companies;
 
    enter into transactions with stockholders and other affiliates; and
 
    make capital expenditures.

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     Some of our debt agreements also impose requirements that we maintain specified financial measures not in excess of, or not below, specified levels. In particular, our revolving credit facility requires, among other things, that we maintain (i) at all times a ratio of consolidated net assets to consolidated funded debt equal to or greater than a specified minimum; (ii) as of the end of each fiscal quarter, a ratio of consolidated funded debt to consolidated tangible net worth at or below a specified maximum; (iii) as of the end of each fiscal quarter calculated for the two fiscal quarters then ending, consolidated net income of not less than a specified minimum; and (iv) as of the end of each fiscal quarter, a ratio of consolidated income available for fixed charges for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended to consolidated fixed charges for that period of not less than a specified minimum. These covenants limit the manner in which we can conduct our business and could prevent us from engaging in favorable business activities or financing future operations and capital needs and impair our ability to successfully execute our strategy and operate our business.
     A breach of any of the covenants in our debt instruments would result in an event of default thereunder if not promptly cured or waived. Any continuing default would permit the creditors to accelerate the related debt, which could also result in the acceleration of other debt containing a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision. In addition, an event of default under our revolving credit facility would permit the lenders thereunder to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under our revolving credit facility. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under our revolving credit facility or other secured debt, the lenders thereunder could cause the collateral agent to proceed against the collateral securing that debt. In the event our creditors accelerate the repayment of our debt, there can be no assurance that we would have sufficient assets to repay that debt, and our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations would suffer.
The conditions of the U.S. and international capital markets may adversely affect lenders with which we have relationships, causing us to incur additional costs and reducing our sources of liquidity, which may adversely affect our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.
     Turbulence in the global capital markets and the current economic slowdown or recession have resulted in disruptions in the financial sector and potentially affected lenders with which we have relationships. The current adverse conditions, the severity and duration of which are unknown, may increase our exposure to credit risk and adversely affect the ability of lenders to perform under the terms of their lending arrangements with us. Failure by our lenders to perform under the terms of our lending arrangements could cause us to incur additional costs that may adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
Our substantial debt could negatively impact our business, prevent us from satisfying our debt obligations and adversely affect our financial condition.
     We have a substantial amount of debt. The substantial amount of our debt could have important consequences, including the following:
    our ability to obtain additional financing for Consumer Loan assignments, working capital, debt refinancing or other purposes could be impaired;
 
    a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations will be dedicated to paying principal and interest on our debt, reducing funds available for other purposes;
 
    we may be vulnerable to interest rate increases, as some of our borrowings, including those under our revolving credit facility, bear interest at variable rates;
 
    we could be more vulnerable to adverse developments in our industry or in general economic conditions;
 
    we may be restricted from taking advantage of business opportunities or making strategic acquisitions; and
 
    we may be limited in our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate.
Due to competition from traditional financing sources and non-traditional lenders, we may not be able to compete successfully.
     The automobile finance market for consumers who do not qualify for conventional automobile financing is large and highly competitive. The market is served by a variety of companies including “buy here, pay here” dealerships. The market is also currently served by banks, captive finance affiliates of automobile manufacturers, credit unions and independent finance companies both publicly and privately owned. Many of these companies are much larger and have greater financial resources than are available to us, and many have long standing relationships with automobile dealerships. Providers of automobile financing have traditionally competed based on the interest rate charged, the quality of credit accepted, the flexibility of loan terms offered and the quality of service provided to dealers and consumers. There is potential that significant direct competition could emerge and that we may be unable to compete successfully. Additionally, if we are unsuccessful in maintaining and expanding our relationships with Dealer-Partners, we may be unable to accept Consumer Loans in the volume and on the terms that we anticipate.

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We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding debt and fund operations and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under such debt.
     Our ability to make payments of principal and interest on indebtedness will depend in part on our cash flows from operations, which are subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operations sufficient to permit us to meet our debt service obligations. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to service our debt, we may be required to sell assets, refinance all or a portion of our existing debt or obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that any refinancing will be possible or that any asset sales or additional financing can be completed on acceptable terms or at all.
Interest rate fluctuations may adversely affect our borrowing costs, profitability and liquidity.
     Our profitability may be directly affected by the level of and fluctuations in interest rates, whether caused by changes in economic conditions or other factors, which affect our borrowing costs. Our profitability and liquidity could be materially adversely affected during any period of higher interest rates. We monitor the interest rate environment and employ hedging strategies designed to mitigate the impact of increases in interest rates. We can provide no assurance, however, that hedging strategies will mitigate the impact of increases in interest rates.
Reduction in our credit rating could increase the cost of our funding from, and restrict our access to, the capital markets and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
     Credit rating agencies evaluate us, and their ratings of our debt and creditworthiness are based on a number of factors. These factors include our financial strength and other factors not entirely within our control, including conditions affecting the financial services industry generally. In light of the difficulties facing the financial services industry and the financial markets, there can be no assurance that we will maintain our current ratings. Failure to maintain those ratings could, among other things, adversely limit our access to the capital markets and affect the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain financing.
We may incur substantially more debt and other liabilities. This could exacerbate further the risks associated with our current debt levels.
     We may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future. Although the terms of our debt instruments contain restrictions on our ability to incur additional debt, these restrictions are subject to exceptions that could permit us to incur a substantial amount of additional debt. In addition, our debt instruments do not prevent us from incurring liabilities that do not constitute indebtedness as defined for purposes of those debt instruments. If new debt or other liabilities are added to our current debt levels, the risks associated with our having substantial debt could intensify.
The regulation to which we are or may become subject could result in a material adverse effect on our business.
     Our business is subject to laws and regulations including the Truth in Lending Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and other various state and federal laws and regulations. These laws and regulations, among other things, require licensing and qualification; limit interest rates, fees and other charges associated with the Consumer Loans assigned to us; require specified disclosures by Dealer-Partners to consumers; govern the sale and terms of ancillary products; and define the rights to repossess and sell collateral. Failure to comply with these laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on us by, among other things, limiting the jurisdictions in which we may operate, restricting our ability to realize the value of the collateral securing the Consumer Loans, making it more costly or burdensome to do business or resulting in potential liability. The volume of new or modified laws and regulations has increased in recent years and has increased significantly in response to issues arising with respect to consumer lending. From time to time, legislation and regulations are enacted which increase the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among financial services providers. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of financial institutions and financial services providers are frequently made in the U.S. Congress, in state legislatures and by various regulatory agencies. This legislation may change our operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways and may have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, the U.S. House of Representatives has passed legislation relating to the creation of a consumer financial protection agency that would provide the U.S. federal government with broad powers to regulate consumer financial services products. We cannot predict whether any of this potential legislation will be enacted and, if enacted, the effect that it, or any implementing regulations, would have on the financial condition or results of operations of us, but these changes could impact the profitability of our business activities, require us to change certain of our business practices and expose us to additional costs (including increased compliance costs). In addition, governmental regulations which would deplete the supply of used vehicles, such as environmental protection regulations governing emissions or fuel consumption, could have a material adverse effect on us.

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     Our Dealer-Partners must also comply with credit and trade practice statutes and regulations. Failure of our Dealer-Partners to comply with these statutes and regulations could result in consumers having rights of rescission and other remedies that could have a material adverse effect on us.
     The sale of vehicle service contracts and GAP by Dealer-Partners in connection with Consumer Loans assigned to us by Dealer-Partners is also subject to state laws and regulations. As we are the holder of the Consumer Loans that may, in part, finance these products, some of these state laws and regulations may apply to our servicing and collection of the Consumer Loans. Although these laws and regulations do not significantly affect our business, there can be no assurance that insurance or other regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions in which these products are offered by Dealer-Partners will not seek to regulate or restrict the operation of our business in these jurisdictions. Any regulation or restriction of our business in these jurisdictions could materially adversely affect the income received from these products.
Adverse changes in economic conditions, the automobile or finance industries, or the non-prime consumer market could adversely affect our financial position, liquidity and results of operations, the ability of key vendors that we depend on to supply us with services, and our ability to enter into future financing transactions.
     We are subject to general economic conditions which are beyond our control. Recently, concerns over the availability and cost of credit, the U.S. mortgage market, a declining real estate market and geopolitical issues have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and financial markets going forward. During periods of economic slowdown or recession, delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses may increase on our Consumer Loans. These periods are also typically accompanied by decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding Consumer Loans, which weakens collateral coverage and increases the amount of a loss in the event of default. Significant increases in the inventory of used automobiles during periods of economic recession may also depress the prices at which repossessed automobiles may be sold or delay the timing of these sales. Additionally, higher gasoline prices, declining stock market values, unstable real estate values, resets of adjustable rate mortgages to higher interest rates, increasing unemployment levels, general availability of consumer credit or other factors that impact consumer confidence or disposable income could increase loss frequency and decrease consumer demand for automobiles as well as weaken collateral values of automobiles. Because our business is focused on consumers who do not qualify for conventional automobile financing, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses on these Consumer Loans could be higher than that of those experienced in the general automobile finance industry, and could be more dramatically affected by a general economic downturn.
     We rely on Dealer-Partners to originate Consumer Loans for assignment under our programs. High levels of Dealer-Partner attrition, due to a general economic downturn or otherwise, could materially adversely affect our operations. In addition, we rely on vendors to provide us with services we need to operate our business. Any disruption in our operations due to the untimely or discontinued supply of these services could substantially adversely affect our operations. Finally, during an economic slowdown or recession, our servicing costs may increase without a corresponding increase in service fee income. Any sustained period of increased delinquencies, defaults, repossessions or losses or increased servicing costs could also materially adversely affect our financial position, liquidity and results of operations and our ability to enter into future financing transactions.
Litigation we are involved in from time to time may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
     As a result of the consumer-oriented nature of the industry in which we operate and uncertainties with respect to the application of various laws and regulations in some circumstances, we are subject to various consumer claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties, based upon, among other things, usury, disclosure inaccuracies, wrongful repossession, violations of bankruptcy stay provisions, certificate of title disputes, fraud and breach of contract. As the assignee of Consumer Loans originated by Dealer-Partners, we may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against Dealer-Partners. We may also have disputes and litigation with Dealer-Partners relating to our dealer servicing and related agreements, including claims for, among other things, breach of contract or other duties purportedly owed to the Dealer-Partners. The damages and penalties that may be claimed by consumers or Dealer-Partners in these types of matters can be substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiffs varies but may include requests for compensatory, statutory and punitive damages, and plaintiffs may seek treatment as purported class actions. A significant judgment against us in connection with any litigation or arbitration could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.
Our operations are dependent on technology.
     Virtually all Consumer Loans submitted to us for assignment are processed through our internet-based CAPS application, which enables our Dealer-Partners to interact with our proprietary credit scoring system. Our Consumer Loan servicing platform is also technology based. We rely on these systems to record and process significant amounts of data quickly and accurately and believe that these systems provide us with a competitive advantage. All of these systems are dependent upon computer and

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telecommunications equipment, software systems and Internet access. The temporary or permanent loss of any components of these systems through hardware failures, software errors, the vulnerability of the Internet, operating malfunctions or otherwise could interrupt our business operations, harm our business and adversely affect our competitive advantage. In addition, our competitors could create or acquire systems similar to ours, which would adversely affect our competitive advantage.
     We rely on a variety of measures to protect our technology and proprietary information, including copyrights, trade secrets and patents. However, these measures may not prevent misappropriation or infringement of our intellectual property or proprietary information, which would adversely affect us. In addition, our competitors or other third parties may allege that our systems, processes or technologies infringe their intellectual property rights.
     Our ability to integrate computer and telecommunications technologies into our business is essential to our success. Computer and telecommunications technologies are evolving rapidly and are characterized by short product life cycles. We may not be successful in anticipating, managing or adopting technological changes on a timely basis. While we believe that our existing information systems are sufficient to meet our current demands and continued expansion, our future growth may require additional investment in these systems. We cannot assure that adequate capital resources will be available to us at the appropriate time.
We are dependent on our senior management and the loss of any of these individuals or an inability to hire additional team members could adversely affect our ability to operate profitably.
     Our senior management average over 11 years of experience with us. Our success is dependent upon the management and the leadership skills of this team. In addition, competition from other companies to hire our team members possessing the necessary skills and experience required could contribute to an increase in team member turnover. The loss of any of these individuals or an inability to attract and retain additional qualified team members could adversely affect us. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain our existing senior management or attract additional qualified team members.
Our reputation is a key asset to our business, and our business may be affected by how we are perceived in the marketplace.
     Our reputation is a key asset to our business. Our ability to attract consumers through our Dealer-Partners is highly dependent upon external perceptions of our level of service, trustworthiness, business practices and financial condition. Negative publicity regarding these matters could damage our reputation among existing and potential consumers and Dealer-Partners, which could make it difficult for us to attract new consumers and Dealer-Partners and maintain existing Dealer-Partners. Adverse developments with respect to our industry may also, by association, negatively impact our reputation or result in greater regulatory or legislative scrutiny or litigation against us.
The concentration of our Dealer-Partners in several states could adversely affect us.
     We are partnered with Dealer-Partners throughout the United States. During the year ended December 31, 2009, our five largest states (measured by total value of Consumer Loans) contained approximately 29.6% of our Dealer-Partners. While we believe we have a diverse geographic presence, for the near term, we expect that significant amounts of Consumer Loan assignments will continue to be generated by Dealer-Partners in these five states due to the number of Dealer-Partners in these states and currently prevailing economic, demographic, regulatory, competitive and other conditions in these states. Changes to conditions in these states could lead to an increase in Dealer-Partner attrition or a reduction in demand for our service that could materially adversely affect our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.
Failure to properly safeguard confidential consumer information could subject us to liability, decrease our profitability and damage our reputation.
     If third parties or our team members are able to breach our network security or otherwise misappropriate our customers’ personal information or loan information, or if we give third parties or our team members improper access to our customers’ personal information or loan information, we could be subject to liability. This liability could include identity theft or other similar fraud-related claims. This liability could also include claims for other misuses or losses of personal information, including for unauthorized marketing purposes. Other liabilities could include claims alleging misrepresentation of our privacy and data security practices.
     We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to provide the security and authentication necessary to secure online transmission of confidential consumer information. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments may result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms that we use to protect sensitive customer transaction data. A party who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations. We may be required to expend capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches. Our security measures are designed to

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protect against security breaches, but our failure to prevent security breaches could subject us to liability, decrease our profitability and damage our reputation.
Our founder controls a majority of our common stock, has the ability to control matters requiring shareholder approval and has interests which may conflict with the interests of our other security holders.
     Our founder owns a large enough stake of the Company to control matters presented to shareholders, including the election and removal of directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, such as any reclassification, reorganization, merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, and the control of our management and affairs, including executive compensation arrangements. His interests may conflict with the interests of our other security holders.
Reliance on our outsourced business functions could adversely affect our business.
     We outsource a portion of our collections functions to companies in India and Costa Rica and a portion of our dealer-service center functions to a company in India. While we believe there are benefits to these arrangements, outsourcing increases our operational complexity and decreases our control. We rely on these service providers to provide a high level of service and support, which subjects us to risks associated with inadequate or untimely service. For example, the outsourcing of collection functions could result in lower collection rates on our Consumer Loans than we would have achieved had we performed the same functions internally. In addition, if these outsourcing arrangements were not renewed or were terminated or the services provided to us were otherwise disrupted, we would have to obtain these services from an alternative provider or provide them using our internal resources. We may be unable to replace, or be delayed in replacing these sources and there is a risk that we would be unable to enter into a similar agreement with an alternate provider on terms that we consider favorable or in a timely manner. In the future, we may outsource other business functions. If any of these or other risks related to outsourcing were realized, our financial position, liquidity and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Natural disasters, acts of war, terrorist attacks and threats or the escalation of military activity in response to these attacks or otherwise may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
     Natural disasters, acts of war, terrorist attacks and the escalation of military activity in response to these attacks or otherwise may have negative and significant effects, such as imposition of increased security measures, changes in applicable laws, market disruptions and job losses. These events may have an adverse effect on the economy in general. Moreover, the potential for future terrorist attacks and the national and international responses to these threats could affect the business in ways that cannot be predicted. The effect of any of these events or threats could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
     None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
     United States and Other
     Our headquarters is located at 25505 West Twelve Mile Road, Southfield, Michigan 48034. We purchased the office building in 1993 and have a mortgage loan from a commercial bank that is secured by a first mortgage lien on the property. The office building

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includes approximately 136,000 square feet of space on five floors. We occupy approximately 120,000 square feet of the building, with most of the remainder of the building leased to various tenants.
     We lease approximately 14,000 square feet of office space in Southfield, Michigan and approximately 20,000 square feet of office space in Henderson, Nevada. The lease for the Southfield, Michigan space expires in June 2013 and the lease for the Henderson, Nevada space expires in November 2014.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
     In the normal course of business and as a result of the consumer-oriented nature of the industry in which we operate, industry participants are frequently subject to various consumer claims and litigation. The claims allege, among other theories of liability, violations of state, federal and foreign truth-in-lending, credit availability, credit reporting, consumer protection, warranty, debt collection, insurance and other consumer-oriented laws and regulations, including claims seeking damages for physical and mental damages relating to our repossession and sale of the consumer’s vehicle and other debt collection activities. As we accept assignments of Consumer Loans originated by Dealer-Partners, we may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against Dealer-Partners. We may also have disputes and litigation with Dealer-Partners relating to our dealer servicing and related agreements, including claims for, among other things breach of contract or other duties purportedly owed to the Dealer-Partners. The damages and penalties that may be claimed by consumers or Dealer-Partners in these types of matters can be substantial. The relief requested by plaintiffs varies but may include requests for compensatory, statutory and punitive damages, and plaintiffs may seek treatment as purported class actions. A significant judgment against us in connection with any litigation or arbitration could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
     No matters were submitted to a vote of the shareholders during the fourth quarter of 2009.

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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Stock Price
     During the year ended December 31, 2009 our common stock was traded on The Nasdaq Global Market® (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “CACC”. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices as reported by the Nasdaq for the common stock for the relevant periods during 2009 and 2008. Such bid information reflects inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
                                 
    2009   2008
Quarter Ended   High   Low   High   Low
March 31
  $ 23.99     $ 13.73     $ 20.97     $ 13.20  
June 30
    25.00       19.01       31.52       15.43  
September 30
    33.96       22.10       25.94       11.00  
December 31
    44.93       30.56       19.97       10.59  
     As of February 17, 2010, the number of beneficial holders and shareholders of record of the common stock was approximately 1,600 based upon securities position listings furnished to us.
Dividends
     We have not paid any cash dividends during the periods presented. Our credit agreements contain financial covenants pertaining to our maximum ratio of funded debt to tangible net worth, which may indirectly limit the payment of dividends on common stock.
Stock Performance Graph
     The following graph compares the percentage change in the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock during the period beginning January 1, 2005 and ending on December 31, 2009 with the cumulative total return on the Nasdaq Market Index and a peer group index based upon approximately 100 companies included in the Dow Jones — US General Financial Index. The comparison assumes that $100 was invested on January 1, 2005 in our common stock and in the foregoing indices and assumes the reinvestment of dividends.
(LINE GRAPH)

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Stock Repurchases
     In 1999, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program which authorizes us to purchase common shares in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions at price levels we deem attractive. As of December 31, 2009, we have repurchased approximately 20.4 million shares under the stock repurchase program at a cost of $399.2 million. Included in the stock repurchases to date are 12.5 million shares of common stock purchased through four modified Dutch auction tender offers at a cost of $304.4 million. As of December 31, 2009, we have authorization to repurchase an additional $29.1 million of our common stock.
     The following table summarizes our stock repurchases for the three months ended December 31, 2009:
                                 
                    Total Number of     Maximum Dollar Value  
                    Shares Purchased as     that May Yet Be Used  
    Total Number             Part of Publicly     to Purchase Shares  
    of Shares     Average Price     Announced Plans     Under the Plans  
Period   Purchased     Paid per Share     or Programs     or Programs  
October 1 through October 31, 2009
        $           $ 29,113,295  
November 1 through November 30, 2009
    93 *                 29,113,295  
December 1 through December 31, 2009
                      29,113,295  
 
                         
 
        $                
 
                         
 
*   Amount represents shares of common stock released to us by employees as payment of tax withholdings due to us upon the vesting of restricted stock.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
     The selected income statement and balance sheet data presented below are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007, and notes thereto and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included elsewhere in this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
                                         
  Years Ended December 31,  
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)   2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
Income Statement Data:
                                       
Revenue
  $ 380,664     $ 312,186     $ 239,927     $ 219,332     $ 201,268  
Costs and expenses:
                                       
Salaries and wages
    66,893       68,993       55,396       41,015       39,093  
General and administrative (A)
    30,391       27,536       27,202       36,491       19,022  
Sales and marketing
    14,808       16,776       17,493       16,624       14,898  
Provision for credit losses
    (12,164 )     46,029       19,947       11,006       5,705  
Interest
    32,399       43,189       36,669       23,330       13,886  
Provision for claims
    19,299       2,651       39       226       308  
 
                             
Total costs and expenses
    151,626       205,174       156,746       128,692       92,912  
 
                             
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes
    229,038       107,012       83,181       90,640       108,356  
 
                             
Provision for income taxes
    82,992       39,944       29,567       31,793       40,159  
 
                             
Income from continuing operations
    146,046       67,068       53,614       58,847       68,197  
 
                             
Gain (loss) from operations of discontinued United Kingdom segment (B)
    137       307       (562 )     (297 )     6,194  
(Credit) provision for income taxes
    (72 )     198       (1,864 )     (90 )     1,790  
 
                             
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations
    209       109       1,302       (207 )     4,404  
 
                             
Net income
  $ 146,255     $ 67,177     $ 54,916     $ 58,640     $ 72,601  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net income per common share:
                                       
Basic
  $ 4.78     $ 2.22     $ 1.83     $ 1.78     $ 1.96  
 
                             
Diluted
  $ 4.62     $ 2.16     $ 1.76     $ 1.66     $ 1.85  
 
                             
Income from continuing operations per common share:
                                       
Basic
  $ 4.77     $ 2.22     $ 1.78     $ 1.78     $ 1.84  
 
                             
Diluted
  $ 4.61     $ 2.16     $ 1.72     $ 1.67     $ 1.74  
 
                             
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations per common share:
                                       
Basic
  $ 0.01     $     $ 0.04     $ (0.01 )   $ 0.12  
 
                             
Diluted
  $ 0.01     $     $ 0.04     $ (0.01 )   $ 0.11  
 
                             
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                                       
Basic
    30,590,142       30,249,783       30,053,129       33,035,693       36,991,136  
Diluted
    31,668,895       31,105,043       31,153,688       35,283,478       39,207,680  
 
                                       
Balance Sheet Data:
                                       
Loans receivable, net
  $ 1,050,013     $ 1,017,917     $ 810,553     $ 625,780     $ 563,528  
All other assets
    126,223       121,437       131,629       99,433       55,866  
 
                             
Total assets
  $ 1,176,236     $ 1,139,354     $ 942,182     $ 725,213     $ 619,394  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total debt
  $ 506,979     $ 641,714     $ 532,130     $ 392,175     $ 146,905  
Other liabilities
    171,047       159,889       144,602       122,691       99,463  
 
                             
Total liabilities
    678,026       801,603       676,732       514,866       246,368  
Shareholders’ equity (C)
    498,210       337,751       265,450       210,347       373,026  
 
                             
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 1,176,236     $ 1,139,354     $ 942,182     $ 725,213     $ 619,394  
 
                             
 
(A)   2006 includes $11.2 million of additional legal expenses related to an increase in our loss related to a class action lawsuit in the state of Missouri.
 
(B)   2005 includes gain on sale of United Kingdom loan portfolio of $3.0 million.
 
(C)   No dividends were paid during the periods presented.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
     The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Critical Success Factors
     Critical success factors include our ability to access capital on acceptable terms, accurately forecast Consumer Loan performance, and maintain or grow Consumer Loan volume at the level and on the terms that we anticipate.
Access to Capital
     Our strategy for accessing capital on acceptable terms needed to maintain and grow the business is to: (1) maintain consistent financial performance; (2) maintain modest financial leverage; and (3) maintain multiple funding sources. Our funded debt to equity ratio is 1.0:1 at December 31, 2009. We currently utilize the following forms of debt financing: (1) a revolving secured line of credit with a commercial bank syndicate; (2) revolving secured warehouse facilities with institutional investors; (3) asset-backed secured financings with qualified institutional investors; and (4) Senior Secured Notes due 2017.
Consumer Loan Performance
     At the time the Consumer Loan is submitted to us for assignment, we forecast future expected cash flows from the Consumer Loan. Based on these forecasts, an advance or one-time payment is made to the related Dealer-Partner at a price designed to achieve an acceptable return on capital. If Consumer Loan performance equals or exceeds our original expectation, it is likely our target return on capital will be achieved.
     We use a statistical model to estimate the expected collection rate for each Consumer Loan at the time of assignment. We continue to evaluate the expected collection rate of each Consumer Loan subsequent to assignment. Our evaluation becomes more accurate as the Consumer Loans age, as we use actual performance data in our forecast. By comparing our current expected collection rate for each Consumer Loan with the rate we projected at the time of assignment, we are able to assess the accuracy of our initial forecast. The following table compares our forecast of Consumer Loan collection rates as of December 31, 2009, with the forecasts as of December 31, 2008, as of December 31, 2007, and at the time of assignment, segmented by year of assignment:
                                                         
Consumer        
Loan   Forecasted Collection Percentage as of   Variance in Forecasted Collection Percentage from
Assignment   December 31,   December 31,   December 31,   Initial   December 31,   December 31,   Initial
Year   2009   2008   2007   Forecast   2008   2007   Forecast
2000
    72.5 %     72.5 %     72.4 %     72.8 %     0.0 %     0.1 %     -0.3 %
2001
    67.5 %     67.4 %     67.3 %     70.4 %     0.1 %     0.2 %     -2.9 %
2002
    70.4 %     70.4 %     70.6 %     67.9 %     0.0 %     -0.2 %     2.5 %
2003
    73.7 %     73.8 %     74.1 %     72.0 %     -0.1 %     -0.4 %     1.7 %
2004
    73.1 %     73.4 %     73.5 %     73.0 %     -0.3 %     -0.4 %     0.1 %
2005
    73.7 %     74.1 %     73.8 %     74.0 %     -0.4 %     -0.1 %     -0.3 %
2006
    70.3 %     70.3 %     70.9 %     71.4 %     0.0 %     -0.6 %     -1.1 %
2007
    68.3 %     67.9 %     71.1 %     70.7 %     0.4 %     -2.8 %     -2.4 %
2008
    70.0 %     67.9 %           69.7 %     2.1 %           0.3 %
2009
    75.6 %                 71.9 %                 3.7 %
     As a result of current economic conditions and uncertainty about future conditions, our forecasts of future collection rates are subject to a greater than normal degree of risk. Our pricing strategy considers this in that we have established advance rates that are intended to allow us to achieve acceptable levels of profitability, even if collection rates are less than we currently forecast.
     During 2008, our forecasted collection rates declined as payment patterns were worse than historical payment patterns for Consumer Loans with similar attributes. During the latter part of 2008, we adjusted the expected collection rate of new Consumer Loan assignments downward to reflect this unfavorable trend in Consumer Loan performance. During 2009, payment patterns improved for Consumer Loans assigned during both 2008 and 2009. The improvement in payment patterns, together with our reduced expectations, have caused our forecasted collection rates to exceed our initial forecast for Consumer Loans assigned during 2008 and 2009.

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     The following table presents forecasted Consumer Loan collection rates, advance rates (includes amounts paid to acquire Purchased Loans), the spread (the forecasted collection rate less the advance rate), and the percentage of the forecasted collections that had been realized as of December 31, 2009. Payments of Dealer Holdback and accelerated Dealer Holdback are not included in the advance percentage paid to the Dealer-Partner. All amounts are presented as a percentage of the initial balance of the Consumer Loan (principal + interest). The table includes both Dealer Loans and Purchased Loans.
                                 
    As of December 31, 2009
Consumer Loan   Forecasted                   % of Forecast
Assignment Year   Collection %   Advance %   Spread %   Realized
2000
    72.5 %     47.9 %     24.6 %     99.6 %
2001
    67.5 %     46.0 %     21.5 %     99.2 %
2002
    70.4 %     42.2 %     28.2 %     99.0 %
2003
    73.7 %     43.4 %     30.3 %     98.8 %
2004
    73.1 %     44.0 %     29.1 %     98.3 %
2005
    73.7 %     46.9 %     26.8 %     97.8 %
2006
    70.3 %     46.6 %     23.7 %     93.2 %
2007
    68.3 %     46.5 %     21.8 %     77.2 %
2008
    70.0 %     44.6 %     25.4 %     53.4 %
2009
    75.6 %     43.9 %     31.7 %     21.4 %
     The risk of a material change in our forecasted collection rate declines as the Consumer Loans age. For 2006 and prior Consumer Loan assignments, the risk of a material forecast variance is modest, as we have currently realized in excess of 90% of the expected collections. Conversely, the forecasted collection rate for 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Loan assignments are less certain as a significant portion of our forecast has not been realized.
     The following table presents forecasted Consumer Loan collection rates, advance rates (includes amounts paid to acquire Purchased Loans), and the spread (the forecasted collection rate less the advance rate) as of December 31, 2009 for Purchased Loans and Dealer Loans separately:
                                 
    Consumer Loan   Forecasted        
    Assignment Year   Collection %   Advance %   Spread %
Purchased Loans
    2007       68.7 %     48.7 %     20.0 %
 
    2008       69.3 %     46.4 %     22.9 %
 
    2009       76.1 %     45.8 %     30.3 %
 
                               
Dealer Loans
    2007       68.3 %     45.9 %     22.4 %
 
    2008       70.5 %     43.6 %     26.9 %
 
    2009       75.5 %     43.5 %     32.0 %
     Although the advance rate on Purchased Loans is higher as compared to the advance rate on Dealer Loans, Purchased Loans do not require us to pay Dealer Holdback. The increase in the spread between the forecasted collection rate and the advance rate during 2008 and 2009 occurred as a result of pricing changes implemented during the first nine months of 2008 and improving forecasted collection rates during 2009. The positive impact of these two factors on the spread for 2009 was partially offset by pricing changes implemented during the last four months of 2009.

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Consumer Loan Volume
     Our ability to maintain and grow Consumer Loan volume is impacted by our pricing strategy, the number of Dealer-Partners actively participating in our programs, and the competitive environment. The following table summarizes changes in Consumer Loan dollar and unit volume in each of the last 12 quarters as compared with the same period in the previous year:
                 
    Consumer Loans
    Year over Year Percent Change
Three Months Ended   Dollar Volume   Unit Volume
March 31, 2007
    41.1 %     25.0 %
June 30, 2007
    43.9 %     26.8 %
September 30, 2007
    2.2 %     0.2 %
December 31, 2007
    23.3 %     13.8 %
March 31, 2008
    28.5 %     16.0 %
June 30, 2008
    40.6 %     26.1 %
September 30, 2008
    27.5 %     26.9 %
December 31, 2008
    -21.0 %     -13.4 %
March 31, 2009
    -26.3 %     -13.0 %
June 30, 2009
    -30.2 %     -16.2 %
September 30, 2009
    -13.6 %     -5.7 %
December 31, 2009
    2.1 %     7.6 %
     Dollar and unit volume declined during the first three quarters of 2009 as compared to the same periods in 2008 due to pricing changes implemented during the first nine months of 2008. The growth in dollar and unit volume during the fourth quarter of 2009 was the result of pricing changes implemented during the last four months of 2009 that reduced per unit profitability in exchange for increased loan volume.
     As a result of our success in renewing our debt facilities during the third quarter of 2009 and securing additional financing during the fourth quarter of 2009 and February 2010, we are now in position to grow year over year unit volumes. We will continue to monitor unit volumes and will make additional pricing changes with an objective to maximize economic profit given the capital we have available. Future growth rates will depend on how unit volumes respond to pricing changes, which will be influenced to a large degree by how quickly competition returns to our market. Unit volume for the two months ended February 28, 2010 increased by 5.6% as compared to the same period in 2009.

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     The following tables summarize the changes in Consumer Loan unit volume and active Dealer-Partners:
                         
    Years Ended December 31,
    2009   2008   % change
Consumer Loan unit volume
    111,029       121,282       -8.5 %
Active Dealer-Partners (1)
    3,168       3,264       -2.9 %
 
                       
Average volume per active Dealer-Partner
    35.0       37.2       -5.9 %
 
                       
Consumer Loan unit volume from Dealer-Partners active both periods
    91,647       101,063       -9.3 %
Dealer-Partners active both periods
    2,075       2,075        
 
                       
Average volume per Dealer-Partners active both periods
    44.2       48.7       -9.3 %
 
                       
Consumer Loan unit volume from new Dealer-Partners
    18,789       21,659       -13.3 %
New active Dealer-Partners (2)
    1,055       1,202       -12.2 %
 
                       
Average volume per new active Dealer-Partners
    17.8       18.0       -1.1 %
 
                       
Attrition (3)
    -16.7 %     -10.9 %        
                         
    Years Ended December 31,
    2008   2007   % change
Consumer Loan unit volume
    121,282       106,693       13.7 %
Active Dealer-Partners (1)
    3,264       2,827       15.5 %
 
                       
Average volume per active Dealer-Partner
    37.2       37.7       -1.3 %
 
                       
Consumer Loan unit volume from Dealer-Partners active both periods
    99,176       95,067       4.3 %
Dealer-Partners active both periods
    2,020       2,020        
 
                       
Average volume per Dealer-Partners active both periods
    49.1       47.1       4.3 %
 
                       
Consumer Loan unit volume from new Dealer-Partners
    21,659       19,914       8.8 %
New active Dealer-Partners (2)
    1,202       1,162       3.4 %
 
                       
Average volume per new active Dealer-Partners
    18.0       17.1       5.3 %
 
                       
Attrition (3)
    -10.9 %     -10.5 %        
 
(1)   Active Dealer-Partners are Dealer-Partners who have received funding for at least one Loan during the period.
 
(2)   New active Dealer-Partners are Dealer-Partners who enrolled in our program and have received funding for their first Loan from us during the periods presented.
 
(3)   Attrition is measured according to the following formula: decrease in Consumer Loan unit volume from Dealer-Partners who have received funding for at least one Loan during the comparable period of the prior year but did not receive funding for any Loans during the current period divided by prior year comparable period Consumer Loan unit volume.
     Consumer Loans are assigned to us through either our Portfolio Program or our Purchase Program. The following table summarizes the portion of our Consumer Loan volume that was assigned to us through our Purchase Program:
                         
    Years Ended December 31,
    2009   2008   2007
New Purchased Loan unit volume as a percentage of total unit volume
    13.4 %     29.8 %     17.6 %
 
                       
New Purchased Loan dollar volume as a percentage of total dollar volume
    16.2 %     34.8 %     19.6 %
     For the year ended December 31, 2009, new Purchased Loan unit and dollar volume as a percentage of total unit and dollar volume, respectively, decreased as compared to 2008 due to pricing changes implemented during 2008. For the year ended December 31, 2008, new Purchased Loan unit and dollar volume as a percentage of total unit and dollar volume, respectively, increased as compared to 2007 as the Purchase Program was offered to additional Dealer-Partners.
     As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the net Purchased Loan receivable balance was 27.5% and 30.3%, respectively, of the total net Loans receivable balance.

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Results of Operations
     The following is a discussion of our results of operations and income statement data on a consolidated basis:
                                         
            Years Ended             % Change  
    December 31,     2009 to     2008 to  
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)   2009     2008     2007     2008     2007  
Revenue:
                                       
Finance charges
  $ 329,437     $ 286,823     $ 220,473       14.9 %     30.1 %
Premiums earned
    33,605       3,967       361       747.1 %     998.9 %
Other income
    17,622       21,396       19,093       -17.6 %     12.1 %
 
                             
Total revenue
    380,664       312,186       239,927       21.9 %     30.1 %
Costs and expenses:
                                       
Salaries and wages
    66,893       68,993       55,396       -3.0 %     24.5 %
General and administrative
    30,391       27,536       27,202       10.4 %     1.2 %
Sales and marketing
    14,808       16,776       17,493       -11.7 %     -4.1 %
Provision for credit losses
    (12,164 )     46,029       19,947       -126.4 %     130.8 %
Interest
    32,399       43,189       36,669       -25.0 %     17.8 %
Provision for claims
    19,299       2,651       39       628.0 %     6697.4 %
 
                             
Total costs and expenses
    151,626       205,174       156,746       -26.1 %     30.9 %
 
                             
 
                                       
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes
    229,038       107,012       83,181       114.0 %     28.6 %
 
                             
Provision for income taxes
    82,992       39,944       29,567       107.8 %     35.1 %
 
                             
Income from continuing operations
    146,046       67,068       53,614       117.8 %     25.1 %
 
                             
Discontinued operations
                                       
Gain (loss) from discontinued United Kingdom operations
    137       307       (562 )     -55.4 %     -154.6 %
(Credit) provision for income taxes
    (72 )     198       (1,864 )     -136.4 %     -110.6 %
 
                             
Gain from discontinued operations
    209       109       1,302       91.7 %     -91.6 %
 
                             
Net income
  $ 146,255     $ 67,177     $ 54,916       117.7 %     22.3 %
 
                             
 
                                       
Net income per common share:
                                       
Basic
  $ 4.78     $ 2.22     $ 1.83                  
 
                                 
Diluted
  $ 4.62     $ 2.16     $ 1.76                  
 
                                 
Income from continuing operations per common share:
                                       
Basic
  $ 4.77     $ 2.22     $ 1.78                  
 
                                 
Diluted
  $ 4.61     $ 2.16     $ 1.72                  
 
                                 
Gain from discontinued operations per common share:
                                       
Basic
  $ 0.01     $     $ 0.04                  
 
                                 
Diluted
  $ 0.01     $     $ 0.04                  
 
                                 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                                       
Basic
    30,590,142       30,249,783       30,053,129                  
Diluted
    31,668,895       31,105,043       31,153,688                  

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Continuing Operations
     Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2008
     The following table highlights changes for the year ended December 31, 2009, as compared to 2008:
         
    Year Ended
    December 31, 2009
Average outstanding balance of Loan portfolio
    7.3 %
 
       
Finance charges
    14.9 %
 
       
Premiums earned, net of provision for claims
    987.1 %
 
       
Operating expenses
    -1.1 %
 
       
Provision for credit losses
    -126.4 %
 
       
Interest expense
    -25.0 %
 
       
Income from continuing operations
    117.8 %
     Income from continuing operations increased for the year ended December 31, 2009 primarily due to the following:
    decreased provision for credit losses due to an improvement in the performance of our Loan portfolio;
 
    increased finance charges due primarily to an increase in the average yield on our Loan portfolio and an increase in the average outstanding balance of our Loan portfolio;
 
    decreased interest expense due to a reduction in the average outstanding debt balance and a reduction in market rates on our floating rate outstanding debt; and
 
    increased premiums earned, net of provision for claims, due to the formation of VSC Re during the fourth quarter of 2008.
     VSC Re earnings are recognized on an accrual basis and recorded as premiums earned less premium tax and provision for claims. Previously, earnings on vehicle service contracts, excluding our commissions, were recorded as other income and realized when profit sharing payments were received from third party administrators. The following table shows the after-tax earnings from VSC Re and profit sharing payments received and recorded as other income for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
                 
    Years Ended December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)   2009     2008  
Premiums earned less premium tax and provision for claims (after tax)
  $ 8,814     $ 754  
Earnings from profit sharing payments (after tax)
    74       1,928  
 
           
 
  $ 8,888     $ 2,682  
 
           
     The financial results from VSC Re for the year ended December 31, 2009 include $2.1 million of after-tax earnings related to a revision in our timing used to recognize premiums earned. During the third quarter of 2009, we revised our timing in order to better match the timing of our revenue recognition with our expected costs of servicing our vehicle service contracts, which is based on our historical claims experience.
     Finance Charges. For the year ended December 31, 2009, finance charges increased $42.6 million, or 14.9%, as compared to 2008. The increase was primarily the result of:
    An increase in the average yield on our Loan portfolio resulting from pricing changes implemented during the first nine months of 2008, partially offset by pricing changes implemented during the fourth quarter of 2009, and an increase in forecasted collection rates during 2009. For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, the average yield on our Loan portfolio was 31.4% and 28.5%, respectively.
 
    An increase in the average Loans receivable balance due to growth of 13.3% in new Loan dollar volume during 2008, partially offset by a 20.9% decline in new Loan dollar volume during 2009.
     Premiums Earned and Provision for Claims. For the year ended December 31, 2009, premiums earned and provision for claims increased $29.6 million and $16.6 million, respectively, as compared to 2008. The increases were the result of our formation of VSC Re during the fourth quarter of 2008.

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     We formed VSC Re in order to enhance our control over and the security in the trust assets that are used to pay future vehicle service contract claims. Prior to October 31, 2009, VSC Re reinsured vehicle service contracts that were underwritten by two of our three third party insurers. Effective October 31, 2009, we terminated our arrangement with one of our three third party insurers. VSC Re currently reinsures vehicle service contracts that are underwritten by one of our two third party insurers. Premiums from the reinsurance of vehicle service contracts are recognized over the life of the policy in proportion to expected costs of servicing those contracts. Expected costs are determined based on historical claims experience. A provision for claims is recognized in the period the claims are incurred. The amount of income we earn from the vehicle service contracts over time is not expected to be impacted by the formation of VSC Re, as both before and after the formation, the income we recognize, excluding our commissions, is based on the amount by which vehicle service contract premiums exceed claims. However, the formation of VSC Re impacts the timing of income recognition and the income statement presentation. Prior to the formation of VSC Re, our agreements with vehicle service contract TPAs allowed us to receive profit sharing payments depending upon the performance of the vehicle service contract programs. Profit sharing payments were received periodically, primarily during the first quarter of each year, and were recognized on a net basis (premiums earned less claims incurred) as other income in the period received.
     Premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2009 include $3.5 million of revenue related to a revision in our revenue recognition timing. We revised our revenue recognition timing in order to better match the timing with our expected costs of servicing those contracts.
     Other Income. For the year ended December 31, 2009, other income decreased $3.8 million, or 17.6%, as compared to 2008. The decrease was primarily the result of:
    The formation of VSC Re, as discussed above, which eliminated the profit sharing arrangements related to vehicle service contracts, except for vehicle service contracts written prior to 2008 through one of the TPAs. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we earned $3.1 million related to vehicle service contract profit sharing payments compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2009.
 
    Decreased interest income on restricted cash related to the secured financings due to a decrease in interest rates earned on cash investments relating to secured financing transactions and a decrease in the average outstanding balance. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we earned $1.4 million in interest income related to secured financings compared to $0.2 million for the same period in 2009.
 
    Decreased GAP profit sharing payments resulting from an increase in GAP claims paid as a percentage of premiums written. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we received $0.7 million in GAP profit sharing payments compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2009.
     Salaries and Wages. For the year ended December 31, 2009, salaries and wages expense decreased $2.1 million, or 3.0%, as compared to 2008. The decrease was primarily the result of:
    A decrease of $2.4 million in salaries and wages related to Information Technology.
 
    An increased percentage of Loan underwriting costs being deferred due to an increase in Dealer Loan unit volume as a percentage of total unit volume. For Dealer Loans, certain underwriting costs are considered Dealer Loan origination costs and are deferred and expensed over the life of the Dealer Loan as an adjustment to finance charge revenue while, for Purchased Loans, all underwriting costs are expensed immediately. Since Dealer Loans represent a larger proportion of total unit volume during 2009 as compared to the same period in prior year, the deferral was higher for the year ended December 31, 2009, as compared to 2008. Deferring the same proportion of underwriting costs during the year ended December 31, 2009 would have increased salaries and wages by approximately $2.2 million; partially offset by
 
    An increase of $2.2 million related to stock-based compensation primarily due to the grant of restricted stock awards during 2009.
     General and Administrative. For the year ended December 31, 2009, general and administrative expense increased $2.9 million, or 10.4%, as compared to 2008 primarily resulting from (1) increased legal costs and (2) expenses related to the ongoing examination by the Internal Revenue Service.
     Sales and Marketing. For the year ended December 31, 2009, sales and marketing expense decreased $2.0 million, or 11.7%, as compared to 2008. The decrease was primarily due to lower sales commissions reflecting a decrease of 8.5% in Consumer Loan unit volume for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the discontinuance of certain Dealer-Partner support programs and lower utilization of various other Dealer-Partner programs.
     Provision for Credit Losses. For the year ended December 31, 2009, the provision for credit losses decreased $58.2 million, or 126.4%, as compared to 2008. The decrease was the result of an improvement in the performance of our Loan portfolio. During the

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year ended December 31, 2009, forecasted collection rates increased on previously impaired Loan pools and as a result, a portion of this increase was recognized as a reversal of previously recorded provision for credit losses. During the second quarter of 2008, as a result of lower than expected realized collection rates, we reduced estimated future net cash flows by $22.2 million, or 1.7% of the total undiscounted net cash flow stream expected from our Loan portfolio, which resulted in a provision for credit losses of $20.8 million. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we reduced estimated future net cash flows by an additional $9.5 million, or 0.7% of the total undiscounted net cash flow stream expected from our Loan portfolio. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we revised the estimated timing of future collections to reflect reduced prepayment expectations as a result of recent trends. The fourth quarter of 2008 forecast modifications resulted in a provision for credit losses of $10.6 million. For additional information regarding the changes in forecasted collection rates during 2009 and 2008, see discussions of Consumer Loan Performance and Critical Accounting Estimates in this Item 7 of this Form 10-K.
     Interest. For the year ended December 31, 2009, interest expense decreased $10.8 million, or 25.0%, as compared to 2008. The following table shows interest expense, the average outstanding debt balance and the pre-tax average cost of debt for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
                 
    Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)   2009   2008
Interest expense
  $ 32,399     $ 43,189  
 
               
Average outstanding debt balance
  $ 575,482     $ 660,804  
 
               
Pre-tax average cost of debt
    5.6 %     6.5 %
     For the year ended December 31, 2009, the decrease in interest expense was due to a reduction in the average outstanding debt balance and a reduction in our pre-tax average cost of debt due to reductions in market rates. The reductions in market rates were slightly offset by less favorable pricing on our revolving credit facilities.
     Provision for Income Taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2009, the effective tax rate decreased to 36.2%, from 37.3% in 2008. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in the reserve for uncertain tax positions recorded during the third and fourth quarters of 2009.
     Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007
     The following table highlights changes for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to 2007:
         
    Year Ended
    December 31, 2008
Average outstanding balance of Loan portfolio
    33.8 %
 
       
Finance charges
    30.1 %
 
       
Premiums earned, net of provision for claims
    308.7 %
 
       
Operating expenses
    13.2 %
 
       
Provision for credit losses
    130.8 %
 
       
Interest expense
    17.8 %
 
       
Income from continuing operations
    25.1 %
     Income from continuing operations increased for the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily due to the following:
    Increased finance charges due primarily to an increase in the average outstanding balance of our Loan portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in the average yield on our Loan portfolio; and
 
    Increased premiums earned, net of provision for claims, due to the formation of VSC Re during the fourth quarter of 2008.

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     These increases were partially offset by:
    Increased provision for credit losses resulting from reductions in forecasted collection rates during the second and fourth quarters of 2008;
 
    Increased interest expense due to an increase in the average outstanding debt balance partially offset by a reduction in our pre-tax average cost of debt; and
 
    Increased operating expenses primarily related to salaries and wages.
     Finance Charges. For the year ended December 31, 2008, finance charges increased $66.4 million, or 30.1%, as compared to 2007. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in the average outstanding balance of our Loan portfolio due to an increase in the number of active Dealer-Partners partially offset by a reduction in volume per active Dealer-Partner; partially offset by a decrease in the average yield on our Loan portfolio primarily due to declining Loan performance partially offset by more attractive pricing on 2008 originations. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the average yield on our Loan portfolio was 28.4% and 29.6%, respectively.
     Premiums Earned and Provision for Claims. For the year ended December 31, 2008, premiums earned and provision for claims increased $3.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we formed VSC Re in order to enhance our control and the security of the trust assets that are used to pay future vehicle service contract claims. During 2008, VSC Re reinsured vehicle service contracts that were underwritten by two of our three third party insurers. Our financial results for the year ended December 31, 2008 reflect two months of VSC Re activity, including $3.9 million in premiums earned and $2.7 million in provision for claims.
     Other Income. For the year ended December 31, 2008, other income increased $2.3 million, or 12.1%, as compared to 2007. The increase was primarily the result of increased periodic vehicle service contract and GAP profit sharing payments received during the year from third party vehicle service contract and guaranteed asset protection providers. Since we had only received these payments since 2007, the amounts of these payments were not estimable due to a lack of historical information. As a result, the revenue related to these payments was recognized in the period the payments were received. For the year ended December 31, 2008 we received a total of $3.7 million in vehicle service contract and GAP profit sharing payments compared to $1.2 million in payments received in 2007.
     Salaries and Wages. For the year ended December 31, 2008, salaries and wages expense increased $13.6 million, or 24.5%, as compared to 2007. The increase was primarily a result of:
    An increase of $6.6 million related to our support functions. This increase was primarily related to increases in Information Technology, Analytics, and Finance to support current and expected future growth.
 
    An increase of $5.1 million related to our servicing functions primarily due to the 33.8% increase in the average outstanding balance of our Loan portfolio.
 
    An increase of $2.1 million related to our originations functions due to a decreased percentage of Loan underwriting costs being deferred due to a decrease in Dealer Loan unit volume as a percentage of total unit volume. For Dealer Loans, certain underwriting costs are considered Dealer Loan origination costs and are deferred and expensed over the life of the Dealer Loan as an adjustment to finance charge revenue while, for Purchased Loans, all underwriting costs are expensed immediately. Since Dealer Loans represent a smaller proportion of total unit volume during 2008 as compared to the same period in prior year, the deferral was smaller for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to 2007. Deferring the same proportion of underwriting costs during the year ended December 31, 2008 would have decreased salaries and wages by approximately $1.4 million.
     Sales and Marketing. For the year ended December 31, 2008, sales and marketing expense decreased $0.7 million, or 4.1%, as compared to 2007. The decrease was primarily due to the discontinuance of certain Dealer-Partner support programs, lower utilization of various other Dealer-Partner programs, and the elimination of our national Dealer-Partner convention during 2008. These decreases were offset by an increase in sales commissions reflecting an increase of 13.7% in Consumer Loan unit volume for the year ended December 31, 2008.
     Provision for Credit Losses. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the provision for credit losses increased $26.1 million, or 130.8%, as compared to 2007. The increase was primarily due to reductions in our forecasted collection rates during the second and fourth quarters of 2008 as a result of lower than expected realized collection rates during these periods. During the second quarter of 2008, we reduced estimated future net cash flows by $22.2 million, or 1.7% of the total undiscounted net cash flow stream expected from our Loan portfolio, which resulted in a provision for credit losses of $20.8 million. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we reduced estimated future net cash flows by an additional $9.5 million, or 0.7% of the total undiscounted net cash flow stream expected from our Loan portfolio. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we revised the estimated timing of future collections to reflect declining trends in Consumer Loan prepayments. The fourth quarter of 2008 forecast modifications resulted in

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a provision for credit losses of $10.6 million. For additional information regarding the reduction in forecasted collection rates, see discussions of Consumer Loan Performance and Critical Accounting Estimates in this Item 7 of this Form 10-K.
     Interest. For the year ended December 31, 2008, interest expense increased $6.5 million, or 17.8%, as compared to 2007. The following table shows interest expense, the average outstanding debt balance and the pre-tax average cost of debt for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007:
                 
    Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)   2008   2007
Interest expense
  $ 43,189     $ 36,669  
 
               
Average outstanding debt balance
  $ 660,804     $ 469,704  
 
               
Pre-tax average cost of debt
    6.5 %     7.8 %
     The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of an increase in the average outstanding debt balance from borrowings used to fund new Loans, offset by a reduction in our pre-tax average cost of debt due to reductions in market rates.
     Provision for Income Taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the effective tax rate increased to 37.3%, from 35.6% in the same period of 2007. The increase was primarily due to a decrease in our reserve for uncertain tax positions recorded in 2007.
Critical Accounting Estimates
     Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we review our accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP.
     Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. We believe that the following accounting estimates are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, and involve a high degree of subjective or complex judgment, and the use of different estimates or assumptions could produce materially different financial results.
Finance Charge Revenue & Allowance for Credit Losses
     
Balance Sheet Captions:
  Loans receivable
 
   
 
  Allowance for credit losses
 
   
Income Statement Captions:
  Finance charges
 
   
 
  Provision for credit losses
 
   
Nature of Estimates Required:
  Estimating the amount and timing of future collections and Dealer Holdback payments.
 
   
Assumptions and Approaches Used:
  For accounting purposes, we are not considered to be an originator of Consumer Loans, but instead are considered to be a lender to our Dealer-Partners for Consumer Loans assigned under our Portfolio Program, and a purchaser of Consumer Loans assigned under our Purchase Program. As a result of this classification, our accounting policies for recognizing finance charge revenue and determining our allowance for credit losses may be different from other lenders in our market, who, based on their different business models, may be considered to be a direct lender to consumers for accounting purposes. For additional information regarding our classification as a lender to our Dealer-Partners for accounting purposes, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
   
 
  We recognize finance charges under the interest method such that revenue is recognized on a level-yield basis based upon forecasted cash flows. For

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  Dealer Loans, finance charge revenue and the allowance for credit losses are calculated after first aggregating Dealer Loans outstanding for each Dealer-Partner. For the same purpose, Purchased Loans are aggregated according to the month the Loan was purchased. An allowance for credit losses is maintained at an amount that reduces the net asset value (Loan balance less the allowance) to the value of forecasted future cash flows discounted at the yield established at the inception of the Loan (origination date for a Dealer Loan or purchase date for a Purchased Loan). The discounted value of future cash flows is comprised of estimated future collections on the Loans, less any estimated Dealer Holdback payments related to Dealer Loans. We write off Loans once there are no forecasted future collections on any of the associated Consumer Loans.
 
   
 
  Cash flows from any individual Dealer Loan or pool of Purchased Loans are often different than estimated cash flows at Loan inception. If such difference is favorable, the difference is recognized prospectively into income over the remaining life of the Dealer Loan or pool of Purchased Loans through a yield adjustment. If such difference is unfavorable, a provision for credit losses is recorded immediately as a current period expense and a corresponding allowance for credit losses is established. Because differences between estimated cash flows at inception and actual cash flows occur often, an allowance is required for a significant portion of our Loan portfolio. An allowance for credit losses does not necessarily indicate that a Dealer Loan or pool of Purchased Loans is unprofitable, and in recent years, very seldom are cash flows from a Dealer Loan or pool of Purchased Loans insufficient to repay the initial amounts advanced or paid to the Dealer-Partner.
 
   
 
  Future collections on Dealer and Purchased Loans are forecasted based on the historical performance of Consumer Loans with similar characteristics, adjusted for recent trends in payment patterns. Dealer Holdback is forecasted based on the expected future collections and current advance balance of each Dealer Loan. During the first quarter of 2008, we implemented a new methodology for forecasting future collections on Consumer Loans. The new methodology increased the dollar amount of overall forecasted collections by 0.3%. While the new methodology produces overall collection rates that are very similar to those produced by the prior methodology, the new methodology utilizes a more sophisticated approach which allows us to expand the number of variables on which the forecast is based. As a result, we believe the new forecast improves the precision of our estimates in two respects: (i) the new forecast is believed to be more accurate when applied to a smaller group of Consumer Loans, which allows us to forecast more accurately at the dealer pool level and more precisely measure the performance of specific segments of our portfolio and (ii) the new forecast is believed to be more sensitive to changes in Consumer Loan performance and will allow us to react more quickly to changes in Consumer Loan performance. Implementation of the new methodology resulted in a reversal of $3.4 million in provision for credit losses as higher forecasted collections reduced the amount of Loan impairment. In conjunction with our implementation of the new forecasting methodology, we reevaluated our forecast of future collections on old, fully-reserved Dealer Loans. As a result, we wrote off $22.7 million of Dealer Loans and the related allowance for credit losses as we were no longer forecasting any future collections on these Dealer Loans. This write-off had no impact on net income for the first quarter of 2008 as all of these Dealer Loans were fully-reserved.
 
   
 
  Our forecast of future collections prior to the second quarter of 2008 assumed that Consumer Loans within our current portfolio would produce similar collection rates as produced by historical Consumer Loans with the same attributes. During the second quarter of 2008, we modified our forecast to assume that Consumer Loans assigned during 2006, 2007 and 2008 would perform 100 to 300 basis points lower than historical Consumer Loans with the same attributes. As a result, we reduced our estimate of future cash flows by $22.2 million, or 1.7% of the total

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  undiscounted cash flow stream expected from our Loan portfolio. Of the total reduction, $20.8 million was recorded as provision for credit losses during the second quarter of 2008. We did not modify our forecast related to 2005 and prior Consumer Loans as these Consumer Loans continued to perform as expected.
 
   
 
  During the fourth quarter of 2008, we again realized lower than expected collection rates and as a result implemented an additional modification to our forecasting methodology. This modification reduced estimated future net cash flows by $9.5 million, or 0.7% of the total undiscounted cash flow stream expected from our Loan portfolio. The adjustment impacted only Consumer Loans assigned during the fourth quarter of 2007 and during 2008. Forecasted collection rates on Consumer Loans assigned on or before September 30, 2007 were not modified as collection results during the fourth quarter of 2008 were consistent with our expectations. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we revised the estimated timing of future collections to reflect declining trends in Consumer Loan prepayments. During 2008, we experienced a reduction in prepayments, which typically result from payoffs that occur when consumers reestablish a positive credit history, trade-in their vehicle, and finance another vehicle purchase with a more traditional auto loan. As the availability of traditional financing was curtailed during this period as a result of economic conditions, prepayment rates had declined. As a result of these forecast modifications, we recognized a provision for credit losses of $10.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2008.
 
   
Key Factors:
  Variances in the amount and timing of future collections and Dealer Holdback payments from current estimates could materially impact earnings in future periods.
 
   
 
  A 1% decline in the forecasted future net cash flows on Loans at December 31, 2009 would have reduced 2009 net income by approximately $3.8 million.
Premiums Earned
     
Balance Sheet Captions:
  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
   
Income Statement Caption:
  Premiums earned
 
   
Nature of Estimates Required:
  Estimating the pattern of future claims on vehicle service contracts.
 
   
Assumptions and Approaches Used:
  Premiums from the reinsurance of vehicle service contracts are recognized over the life of the policy in proportion to the expected costs of servicing those contracts. Expected costs are determined based on our historical claims experience. In developing our cost expectations, we stratify our historical claims experience into groupings based on contractual term, as this characteristic has led to different patterns of cost incurrence in the past. We will continue to update our analysis of historical costs under the vehicle service contract program as appropriate, including the consideration of other characteristics that may have led to different patterns of cost incurrence, and revise our revenue recognition timing for any changes in the pattern of our expected costs as they are identified.
 
   
 
  Premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2009 include $3.5 million of revenue related to a revision in our revenue recognition timing. We revised our revenue recognition timing during the third quarter of 2009 in order to better match the timing with our expected costs of servicing those contracts.
 
   
Key Factors:
  Variances in the pattern of future claims from our current estimates would impact the timing of premiums recognized in future periods. A 10% change in premiums earned for the year ended December 31, 2009 would have affected 2009 net income by approximately $2.1 million.

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense
     
Balance Sheet Caption:
  Paid-in capital
 
   
Income Statement Caption:
  Salaries and Wages
 
   
Nature of Estimates Required:
  Stock-based compensation expense is based on the fair value on the date the equity instrument is granted or awarded by us, and is recognized over the expected vesting period of the equity instrument. We also estimate expected forfeiture rates of restricted stock awards.
 
   
Assumptions and Approaches Used:
  In recognizing restricted stock compensation expense, we make assumptions regarding the expected forfeiture rates of the restricted stock awards. We also make assumptions regarding the expected vesting dates of performance-based restricted stock awards.
 
   
 
  The fair value of restricted stock awards are estimated as if they were vested and issued on the grant date and are recognized over the expected vesting period of the restricted stock award. For additional information, see Notes 2 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which are incorporated herein by reference.
 
   
Key Factors:
  Changes in the expected vesting dates of performance-based restricted stock awards and expected forfeiture rates would impact the amount and timing of stock-based compensation expense recognized in future periods. A 10% change in stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2009 would have affected 2009 net income by approximately $0.4 million.
Litigation and Contingent Liabilities
     
Balance Sheet Caption:
  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
   
Income Statement Caption:
  General and administrative expense
 
   
Nature of Estimates Required:
  Estimating the likelihood of adverse legal judgments and any resulting damages owed.
 
   
Assumptions and Approaches Used:
  With assistance from our legal counsel, we determine if the likelihood of an adverse judgment for various claims and litigation is remote, reasonably possible, or probable. To the extent we believe an adverse judgment is probable and the amount of the judgment is estimable, we recognize a liability. For information regarding the potential various claims against us, see Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
   
Key Factors:
  Negative variances in the ultimate disposition of claims and litigation outstanding from current estimates could result in additional expense in future periods.

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Uncertain Tax Positions
     
Balance Sheet Captions:
  Income taxes receivable
 
   
 
  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
   
Income Statement Caption:
  Provision for income taxes
 
   
Nature of Estimates Required:
  Estimating the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return.
 
   
Assumptions and Approaches Used:
  We follow a two-step approach for recognizing uncertain tax positions. First, we evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. Second, for positions that we determine are more-likely-than-not to be sustained, we recognize the tax benefit as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained. We establish a liability for unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties. We adjust this liability in the period in which an uncertain tax position is effectively settled, the statute of limitations expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position, or more information becomes available. For additional information, see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
   
Key Factors:
  To the extent we prevail in matters for which a liability has been established or are required to pay amounts in excess of our established liability, our effective income tax rate in future periods could be materially affected.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
     We need capital to fund new Loans and pay Dealer Holdback. Our primary sources of capital are cash flows from operating activities, collections of Consumer Loans and borrowings under: (1) a revolving secured line of credit with a commercial bank syndicate; (2) revolving secured warehouse facilities with institutional investors; (3) asset-backed secured financings with qualified institutional investors; and (4) Senior Secured Notes due 2017. There are various restrictive debt covenants for each financing arrangement and we are in compliance with those covenants as of December 31, 2009. For information regarding these financings and the covenants included in the related documents, see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
     During the fourth quarter of 2009, we completed a $110.5 million asset-backed secured financing, and on February 1, 2010, we issued $250.0 million of Senior Notes. The net proceeds from these financings were used to repay outstanding indebtedness under our revolving credit facility and our $325.0 million secured warehouse facility. After these repayments, we have over $450.0 million in available borrowing capacity. Our first priority is to ensure we have the available capacity to fund expected new Consumer Loan assignments. While the successful completion of these financings will improve our position in that regard, we intend to continue to work to (1) secure additional borrowing capacity, (2) increase the diversity of our funding sources, and (3) extend the term of one or more of our revolving credit facility and our revolving secured warehouse facilities. To the extent we determine our ability to fund expected new Consumer Loan assignments has been effectively provided for, we may then consider share repurchases or cash dividends, for which borrowed funds could be used if then available.
     Cash and cash equivalents decreased to $2.2 million as of December 31, 2009 from $3.2 million at December 31, 2008. Our total balance sheet indebtedness decreased to $507.0 million at December 31, 2009 from $641.7 million at December 31, 2008 as the net cash provided by our operating activities and principal collections from our Loan portfolio exceeded the cash used to fund new Loans.
     Restricted cash and cash equivalents increased to $82.5 million at December 31, 2009 from $80.3 million at December 31, 2008. The following table summarizes restricted cash and cash equivalents:
                 
    As of December 31,  
(in thousands)   2009     2008  
Cash collections related to secured financings
  $ 42,115     $ 48,956  
Cash held in trusts for future vehicle service contract claims (1)
    40,341       31,377  
 
           
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents
  $ 82,456     $ 80,333  
 
           
 
(1)   The unearned premium and claims reserve associated with the trusts are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
     As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, restricted securities available for sale were $3.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Restricted securities available for sale consist of amounts held in accordance with vehicle service contract trust agreements.
     Senior Notes
     The Senior Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of February 1, 2010 (the “Indenture”), among the Company; our wholly-owned subsidiaries BVPP and Vehicle Remarketing Services, Inc. (“VRS” and together with BVPP, the “Guarantors”); and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The description of the Indenture below is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Indenture, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 4(f)(129) to our Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2010.
     Concurrently with the issuance of the Senior Notes, we entered into the Ninth Amendment (the “Ninth Amendment’), dated as of February 1, 2010, to its Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2006, as amended (the “Credit Agreement”), with the financial institutions party thereto (collectively, the “Banks”), and Comerica Bank, as administrative agent for the Banks; and the Company and the Guarantors entered into the Fourth Amended and Restated Security Agreement (the “Amended Security Agreement”), dated as of February 1, 2010, with Comerica Bank, as collateral agent, amending and restating the Third Amended and Restated Security Agreement dated as of February 7, 2006, as previously amended (the “Security Agreement”), and an Amended and Restated Intercreditor Agreement (the “Amended Intercreditor Agreement”), dated as of February 1, 2010, with the Trustee and Comerica Bank, as the collateral agent and the administrative agent, amending and restating the Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of December 15, 1998, as previously amended (the “Intercreditor Agreement”). The Ninth Amendment, the Amended Security Agreement and the Amended Intercreditor Agreement make technical adjustments to the Credit Agreement, the

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Security Agreement and the Intercreditor Agreement, respectively, to facilitate the issuance of the Senior Notes and future secured indebtedness.
     The Senior Notes mature on February 1, 2017 and bear interest at a rate of 9.125% per annum. Interest on the Senior Notes is computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months and is payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2010. The Senior Notes were issued at 97.495% of the aggregate principal amount for gross proceeds of $243.7 million, representing a yield to maturity of 9.625%.
     Guarantees and security — The Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the Guarantors, which are also guarantors of obligations under the Credit Agreement. Our other existing and future subsidiaries may become guarantors of the Senior Notes in the future. The Indenture provides for a guarantor of the Senior Notes to be released from its obligations under its guarantee of the Senior Notes under specified circumstances.
     The Senior Notes and the Guarantors’ Senior Note guarantees are secured on a first-priority basis (subject to specified exceptions and permitted liens), together with all indebtedness outstanding from time to time under the Credit Agreement and, under certain circumstances, certain future indebtedness, by a security interest in substantially all of our assets and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions such as real property, cash (except to the extent it is deposited with the collateral agent), certain leases and equity interests of our subsidiaries (other than those of specified subsidiaries including the Guarantors). Our assets and the Guarantors securing the Senior Notes and the Senior Note guarantees (the “Senior Notes collateral”) will not include our assets transferred to special purpose subsidiaries in connection with securitization transactions and will generally be the same as the collateral securing indebtedness under the Credit Agreement and, under certain circumstances, certain future indebtedness, subject to certain limited exceptions as provided in the Amended Security Agreement and Amended Intercreditor Agreement.
     Redemption options - On or after February 1, 2014, the Issuers may redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes at the redemption prices set forth in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest and special interest, if any, to the applicable redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to February 1, 2014, the Issuers may, on one or more than one occasions, redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, plus a “make-whole” premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest and special interest, if any, to, the applicable redemption date. At any time prior to February 1, 2013, the Issuers may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes, using the proceeds of certain qualified equity offerings, at a redemption price of 109.125% of the principal amount.
     Requirements to repurchase - If we experience specified change of control events, the Issuers must offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest and special interest, if any, to the applicable repurchase date. If we or our subsidiaries sell assets under specified circumstances, the Issuers must offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest and special interest, if any, to the applicable repurchase date.
     Covenants - The Indenture requires that we maintain a ratio of consolidated funded debt to consolidated tangible net worth of no more than 3.25 to 1.0 as of the end of each fiscal quarter and a collateral coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.0. The Indenture also contains covenants that limit our ability and our subsidiaries ability to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) pay dividends or purchase capital stock; (iii) make investments; (iv) sell assets; (v) incur liens; (vi) merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of their assets; and (vii) enter into transactions with affiliates. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions. As of December 31, 2009, we are in compliance with all our debt covenants including those that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios and other financial conditions.

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Contractual Obligations
     A summary of the total future contractual obligations requiring repayments as of December 31, 2009 is as follows (in thousands):
                                         
    Payments Due by Period  
            Less than                    
    Total     1 Year     1-3 Years     3-5 Years     Other  
Long-term debt, including current maturities and capital leases (1)
  $ 506,979     $ 110,677     $ 392,525     $ 3,777     $  
Operating lease obligations
    2,878       782       1,783       313        
Purchase obligations (2)
    642       642                    
Other future obligations (3)
    11,830                         11,830  
 
                             
Total contractual obligations (4)
  $ 522,329     $ 112,101     $ 394,308     $ 4,090     $ 11,830  
 
                             
 
(1)   Long-term debt obligations included in the above table consist solely of principal repayments. We are also obligated to make interest payments at the applicable interest rates, as discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Based on the actual amounts outstanding under our revolving line of credit and warehouse facilities at December 31, 2009, the forecasted amounts outstanding on all other debt and the actual interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2009, interest is expected to be approximately $14.7 million during 2010; $11.0 million during 2011; and $2.6 million during 2012 and thereafter. See Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference, for information regarding additional long-term debt obligations arising in 2010 as a result of the Senior Notes.
 
(2)   Purchase obligations consist solely of contractual obligations related to our information system needs.
 
(3)   Other future obligations included in the above table consist solely of reserves for uncertain tax positions. Payments are contingent upon examination and would occur in the periods in which the uncertain tax positions are settled.
 
(4)   We have contractual obligations to pay Dealer Holdback to our Dealer-Partners; however, as payments of Dealer Holdback are contingent upon the receipt of consumer payments and the repayment of advances, these obligations are excluded from the table above.
     Based upon anticipated cash flows, management believes that cash flows from operations and its various financing alternatives will provide sufficient financing for debt maturities and for future operations. Our ability to borrow funds may be impacted by economic and financial market conditions. If the various financing alternatives were to become limited or unavailable to us, our operations and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
     We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Market Risk
     We are exposed primarily to market risks associated with movements in interest rates. Our policies and procedures prohibit the use of financial instruments for speculative purposes. A discussion of our accounting policies for derivative instruments is included in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
     Interest Rate Risk. We rely on various sources of financing, some of which contain floating rates of interest and expose us to risks associated with increases in interest rates. We manage such risk primarily by entering into interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements.
     As of December 31, 2009, we had $97.3 million of floating rate debt outstanding on our revolving secured line of credit, with no interest rate protection. For every 1.0% increase in rates on our revolving secured line of credit, annual after-tax earnings would decrease by approximately $0.6 million, assuming we maintain a level amount of floating rate debt.
     As of December 31, 2009, we had $152.6 million and $50.0 million in floating rate debt outstanding under our $325.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility and our $75.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility, respectively, covered by interest rate caps with cap rates of 6.75% on the underlying benchmark rate. Based on the difference between the rates on our revolving secured warehouse facilities at December 31, 2009 and the interest rate caps rate, our maximum interest rate risk on the $325.0 million and $75.0 million secured warehouse facilities is 6.51% and 6.52%, respectively. This maximum interest rate risk would reduce annual after-tax earnings by approximately $8.3 million, assuming we maintain a level amount of floating rate debt.

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     We have entered into an interest rate swap to convert the remaining $25.0 million of the $75.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility into fixed rate debt, bearing an interest rate of 5.1%. This interest rate swap was executed in September 2009. The fair value of this interest rate swap is based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, which are influenced by a number of factors, including interest rates, amount of debt outstanding, and number of months until maturity.
     As of December 31, 2009 we had $66.5 million in floating rate debt outstanding under our asset-backed secured financing. We have entered into an interest rate swap, which was effective on the funding date to convert the floating rate asset-backed secured borrowing into fixed rate debt bearing a rate of 6.37%. The fair value of the interest rate swap is based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, which are influenced by a number of factors, including interest rates, amount of debt outstanding, and number of months until maturity.
     We have designated the interest rate swaps related to the $25.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility and the $66.5 million asset-backed secured financing as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the swaps will be recorded in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, and the ineffective portion of changes in fair value are recorded in interest expense. There has been no such ineffectiveness in either swap since the inception of the hedges through December 31, 2009.
New Accounting Pronouncements
     See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference, for information concerning the following new accounting pronouncements and the impact of the implementation of these pronouncements on our financial statements:
    Disclosures About Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 
    Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
    Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
 
    Subsequent Events
 
    Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets
 
    Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)
 
    The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Forward-Looking Statements
     We make forward-looking statements in this report and may make such statements in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We may also make forward-looking statements in our press releases or other public or shareholder communications. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and include information about our expectations and possible or assumed future results of operations. When we use any of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “target” or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements.
     We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all of our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent our outlook only as of the date of this report. While we believe that our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially since the statements are based on our current expectations, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, the factors set forth under Item 1A of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference, elsewhere in this report and the risks and uncertainties discussed in our other reports filed or furnished from time to time with the SEC.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
     The information called for by Item 7A is incorporated herein by reference from the information in Item 7 under the caption “Market Risk” in this Form 10-K.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and
Shareholders of Credit Acceptance Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Credit Acceptance Corporation (a Michigan Corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Credit Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Credit Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 3, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Southfield, Michigan
March 3, 2010

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                 
    As of December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)   2009     2008  
ASSETS:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 2,170     $ 3,154  
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
    82,456       80,333  
Restricted securities available for sale
    3,121       3,345  
 
               
Loans receivable (including $12,674 and $15,383 from affiliates as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively)
    1,167,558       1,148,752  
Allowance for credit losses
    (117,545 )     (130,835 )
 
           
Loans receivable, net
    1,050,013       1,017,917  
 
           
 
               
Property and equipment, net
    18,735       21,049  
Income taxes receivable
    3,956        
Other assets
    15,785       13,556  
 
           
Total Assets
  $ 1,176,236     $ 1,139,354  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
               
Liabilities:
               
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  $ 77,295     $ 83,948  
Line of credit
    97,300       61,300  
Secured financing
    404,597       574,175  
Mortgage note and capital lease obligations
    5,082       6,239  
Deferred income taxes, net
    93,752       75,060  
Income taxes payable
          881  
 
           
Total Liabilities
    678,026       801,603  
 
           
 
               
Commitments and Contingencies — See Note 13
               
 
               
Shareholders’ Equity:
               
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
           
Common stock, $.01 par value, 80,000,000 shares authorized, 31,158,217 and 30,666,691 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    311       306  
Paid-in capital
    24,370       11,829  
Retained earnings
    474,433       328,178  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $526 and $1,478 at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    (904 )     (2,562 )
 
           
Total Shareholders’ Equity
    498,210       337,751  
 
           
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
  $ 1,176,236     $ 1,139,354  
 
           
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Data)   2009     2008     2007  
Revenue:
                       
Finance charges
  $ 329,437     $ 286,823     $ 220,473  
Premiums earned
    33,605       3,967       361  
Other income
    17,622       21,396       19,093  
 
                 
Total revenue
    380,664       312,186       239,927  
 
                 
 
                       
Costs and expenses:
                       
Salaries and wages
    66,893       68,993       55,396  
General and administrative
    30,391       27,536       27,202  
Sales and marketing
    14,808       16,776       17,493  
Provision for credit losses
    (12,164 )     46,029       19,947  
Interest
    32,399       43,189       36,669  
Provision for claims
    19,299       2,651       39  
 
                 
Total costs and expenses
    151,626       205,174       156,746  
 
                 
 
                       
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes
    229,038       107,012       83,181  
 
                 
 
                       
Provision for income taxes
    82,992       39,944       29,567  
 
                 
 
                       
Income from continuing operations
    146,046       67,068       53,614  
 
                 
 
                       
Discontinued operations
                       
 
                       
Gain (loss) from discontinued United Kingdom operations
    137       307       (562 )
 
                       
(Credit) provision for income taxes
    (72 )     198       (1,864 )
 
                 
 
                       
Gain from discontinued operations
    209       109       1,302  
 
                 
 
                       
Net income
  $ 146,255     $ 67,177     $ 54,916  
 
                 
 
                       
Net income per common share:
                       
Basic
  $ 4.78     $ 2.22     $ 1.83  
 
                 
Diluted
  $ 4.62     $ 2.16     $ 1.76  
 
                 
 
                       
Income from continuing operations per common share:
                       
Basic
  $ 4.77     $ 2.22     $ 1.78  
 
                 
Diluted
  $ 4.61     $ 2.16     $ 1.72  
 
                 
 
                       
Gain from discontinued operations per common share:
                       
Basic
  $ 0.01     $     $ 0.04  
 
                 
Diluted
  $ 0.01     $     $ 0.04  
 
                 
 
                       
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                       
Basic
    30,590,142       30,249,783       30,053,129  
Diluted
    31,668,895       31,105,043       31,153,688  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
                                                         
                                                    Accumulated  
    Total                                             Other  
    Shareholders’     Comprehensive     Common Stock     Paid-In     Retained     Comprehensive  
(Dollars and Shares in Thousands)   Equity     Income     Number     Amount     Capital     Earnings     Income (Loss)  
Balance, January 1, 2007
  $ 210,347               30,180     $ 302     $ 828     $ 209,253     $ (36 )
Cumulative affect due to adoption of FIN 48
    (87 )                                     (87 )        
Comprehensive income:
                                                       
Net income
    54,916     $ 54,916                               54,916          
Other comprehensive income:
                                                       
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax of $(26)
    49       49                                       49  
 
                                                     
Total comprehensive income
          $ 54,965                                          
 
                                                     
Stock-based compensation
    4,659                               4,659                  
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures
                  57                              
Repurchase of common stock
    (9,530 )             (371 )           (6,449 )     (3,081 )        
Stock options exercised
    2,584               375             2,584                  
Tax benefit for exercised stock options
    2,512                           2,512                  
 
                                           
Balance, December 31, 2007
    265,450               30,241       302       4,134       261,001       13  
 
                                           
Comprehensive income:
                                                       
Net income
    67,177     $ 67,177                               67,177          
Other comprehensive income:
                                                       
Unrealized loss on interest rate swap, net of tax of $1,488
    (2,580 )     (2,580 )                                     (2,580 )
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax of $(3)
    5       5                                       5  
 
                                                     
Total comprehensive income
          $ 64,602                                          
 
                                                     
Stock-based compensation
    4,309                               4,309                  
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures
                  124       1       (1 )                
Repurchase of common stock
    (66 )             (4 )           (66 )                
Stock options exercised
    2,375               306       3       2,372                  
Tax benefit for exercised stock options
    1,081                           1,081                  
 
                                           
Balance, December 31, 2008
    337,751               30,667       306       11,829       328,178       (2,562 )
 
                                           
Comprehensive income:
                                                       
Net income
    146,255     $ 146,255                               146,255          
Other comprehensive income:
                                                       
Unrealized gain on interest rate swap, net of tax of $(957)
    1,667       1,667                                       1,667  
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of tax of $5
    (9 )     (9 )                                     (9 )
 
                                                     
Total comprehensive income
          $ 147,913                                          
 
                                                     
Stock-based compensation
    6,805                               6,805                  
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures
                  163                              
Repurchase of common stock
    (541 )             (31 )           (541 )                
Stock options exercised
    1,941               359       5       1,936                  
Tax benefit for exercised stock options
    4,341                             4,341                  
 
                                           
Balance, December 31, 2009
  $ 498,210               31,158     $ 311     $ 24,370     $ 474,433     $ (904 )
 
                                           
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)   2009     2008     2007  
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
                       
Net income
  $ 146,255     $ 67,177     $ 54,916  
Adjustments to reconcile cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Provision for credit losses
    (12,164 )     46,029       19,947  
Depreciation
    5,139       5,342       4,105  
Loss on retirement of property and equipment
    100       74       196  
Provision for deferred income taxes
    17,740       11,777       20,346  
Stock-based compensation
    6,805       4,309       4,659  
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    (4,029 )     46       1,453  
(Increase) decrease in income taxes receivable / increase (decrease) in income taxes payable
    (4,837 )     21,593       (8,978 )
(Increase) decrease in other assets
    (2,229 )     (867 )     1,106  
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    152,780       155,480       97,750  
 
                 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
                       
Increase in restricted cash and cash equivalents
    (2,123 )     (6,231 )     (28,493 )
Purchases of restricted securities available for sale
    (1,451 )     (1,514 )     (550 )
Proceeds from sale of restricted securities available for sale
          373        
Maturities of restricted securities available for sale
    1,661       1,094       898  
Principal collected on Loans receivable
    661,246       610,029       577,244  
Advances to Dealer-Partners and accelerated payments of Dealer Holdback
    (533,465 )     (524,496 )     (571,197 )
Purchases of Consumer Loans
    (103,283 )     (280,326 )     (139,340 )
Payments of Dealer Holdback
    (44,269 )     (58,503 )     (70,950 )
Net increase in other loans
    (152 )     (120 )     (436 )
Purchases of property and equipment
    (2,925 )     (6,341 )     (7,659 )
 
                 
Net cash used in investing activities
    (24,761 )     (266,035 )     (240,483 )
 
                 
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
                       
Borrowings under line of credit
    630,900       809,700       633,500  
Repayments under line of credit
    (594,900 )     (784,700 )     (635,600 )
Proceeds from secured financing
    397,000       605,700       619,500  
Repayments of secured financing
    (566,578 )     (519,590 )     (476,579 )
Principal payments under mortgage note and capital lease obligations
    (1,157 )     (1,526 )     (1,429 )
Repurchase of common stock
    (541 )     (66 )     (9,530 )
Proceeds from stock options exercised
    1,941       2,375       2,584  
Tax benefits from stock-based compensation plans
    4,341       1,081       2,512  
 
                 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (128,994 )     112,974       134,958  
 
                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    (9 )     23       (41 )
 
                 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (984 )     2,442       (7,816 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    3,154       712       8,528  
 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 2,170     $ 3,154     $ 712  
 
                 
 
                       
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
                       
Cash paid during the period for interest
  $ 32,080     $ 43,255     $ 36,131  
Cash paid during the period for income taxes
  $ 67,563     $ 3,681     $ 14,506  
 
                       
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Transactions:
                       
Property and equipment acquired through capital lease obligations
  $     $     $ 563  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
     Principal Business. Since 1972, Credit Acceptance (referred to as the “Company”, “Credit Acceptance”, “we”, “our” or “us”) has provided auto loans to consumers, regardless of their credit history. Our product is offered through a nationwide network of automobile dealers who benefit from sales of vehicles to consumers who otherwise could not obtain financing; from repeat and referral sales generated by these same customers; and from sales to customers responding to advertisements for our product, but who actually end up qualifying for traditional financing.
     We refer to dealers who participate in our programs and who share our commitment to changing consumers’ lives as “Dealer-Partners”. Upon enrollment in our financing programs, the Dealer-Partner enters into a dealer servicing agreement with us that defines the legal relationship between Credit Acceptance and the Dealer-Partner. The dealer servicing agreement assigns the responsibilities for administering, servicing, and collecting the amounts due on retail installment contracts (referred to as “Consumer Loans”) from the Dealer-Partners to us. A consumer who does not qualify for conventional automobile financing can purchase a used vehicle from a Dealer-Partner and finance the purchase through us. We are an indirect lender from a legal perspective, meaning the Consumer Loan is originated by the Dealer-Partner and assigned to us.
     We have two programs: the Portfolio Program and the Purchase Program. Under the Portfolio Program, we advance money to Dealer-Partners (referred to as a “Dealer Loan”) in exchange for the right to service the underlying Consumer Loan. Under the Purchase Program, we buy the Consumer Loan from the Dealer-Partner (referred to as a “Purchased Loan”) and keep all amounts collected from the consumer. Dealer Loans and Purchased Loans are collectively referred to as “Loans”. The following table shows the percentage of Consumer Loans assigned to us under each of the programs for each of the last 12 quarters:
                 
Quarter Ended   Portfolio Program   Purchase Program
March 31, 2007
    94.8 %     5.2 %
June 30, 2007
    83.8 %     16.2 %
September 30, 2007
    74.5 %     25.5 %
December 31, 2007
    70.6 %     29.4 %
March 31, 2008
    70.2 %     29.8 %
June 30, 2008
    65.4 %     34.6 %
September 30, 2008
    69.2 %     30.8 %
December 31, 2008
    78.2 %     21.8 %
March 31, 2009
    82.3 %     17.7 %
June 30, 2009
    86.0 %     14.0 %
September 30, 2009
    89.0 %     11.0 %
December 31, 2009
    90.8 %     9.2 %
Portfolio Program
As payment for the vehicle, the Dealer-Partner generally receives the following:
    a down payment from the consumer;
 
    a non-recourse cash payment (“advance”) from us; and
 
    after the advance has been recovered by us, the cash from payments made on the Consumer Loan, net of certain collection costs and our servicing fee (“Dealer Holdback”).
     We record the amount advanced to the Dealer-Partner as a Dealer Loan, which is classified within Loans receivable in our consolidated balance sheets. Cash advanced to Dealer-Partners is automatically assigned to the originating Dealer-Partner’s open pool of advances. We require Dealer-Partners to group advances into pools of at least 100 Consumer Loans. At the Dealer-Partner’s option, a pool containing at least 100 Consumer Loans can be closed and subsequent advances assigned to a new pool. All advances due from a Dealer-Partner are secured by the future collections on the Dealer-Partner’s portfolio of Consumer Loans assigned to us. For Dealer-Partners with more than one pool, the pools are cross-collateralized so the performance of other pools is considered in determining eligibility for Dealer Holdback. We perfect our security interest in the Dealer Loans by taking possession of the Consumer Loans, which list us as lien holder on the vehicle title.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS — (Continued)
     The dealer servicing agreement provides that collections received by us during a calendar month on Consumer Loans assigned by a Dealer-Partner are applied on a pool-by-pool basis as follows:
    First, to reimburse us for certain collection costs;
 
    Second, to pay us our servicing fee, which generally equals 20% of collections;
 
    Third, to reduce the aggregate advance balance and to pay any other amounts due from the Dealer-Partner to us; and
 
    Fourth, to the Dealer-Partner as payment of Dealer Holdback.
     Dealer-Partners have an opportunity to receive an accelerated Dealer Holdback payment at the time a pool of 100 or more Consumer Loans is closed. The amount paid to the Dealer-Partner is calculated using a formula that considers the forecasted collections and the advance balance on the closed pool. If the collections on Consumer Loans from a Dealer-Partner’s pool are not sufficient to repay the advance balance and any other amounts due to us, the Dealer-Partner will not receive Dealer Holdback.
     Since typically the combination of the advance and the consumer’s down payment provides the Dealer-Partner with a cash profit at the time of sale, the Dealer-Partner’s risk in the Consumer Loan is limited. We cannot demand repayment of the advance from the Dealer-Partner except in the event the Dealer-Partner is in default of the dealer servicing agreement. Advances are made only after the consumer and Dealer-Partner have signed a Consumer Loan contract, we have received the original Consumer Loan contract and supporting documentation, and we have approved all of the related stipulations for funding. The Dealer-Partner can also opt to repurchase Consumer Loans that have been assigned to us under the Portfolio Program, at their discretion, for a fee.
     For accounting purposes, the transactions described under the Portfolio Program are not considered to be loans to consumers. Instead, our accounting reflects that of a lender to the Dealer-Partner. The classification as a Dealer Loan for accounting purposes is primarily a result of (1) the Dealer-Partner’s financial interest in the Consumer Loan and (2) certain elements of our legal relationship with the Dealer-Partner. For each individual Dealer-Partner, the amount of the Dealer Loan recorded in Loans receivable is comprised of the following:
    the aggregate amount of all cash advances to the Dealer-Partner;
 
    finance charges;
 
    Dealer Holdback payments;
 
    accelerated Dealer Holdback payments; and
 
    recoveries.
     Less:
    collections (net of certain collection costs); and
 
    write-offs.
     Purchase Program
     We began offering a Purchase Program on a limited basis in March of 2005. The Purchase Program differs from our Portfolio Program in that the Dealer-Partner receives a single payment from us at the time of origination instead of a cash advance and Dealer Holdback. Purchase Program volume increased significantly beginning in 2007 as the program was offered to additional Dealer-Partners and decreased in 2009 as a result of pricing changes we implemented in order to increase our profitability.
     For accounting purposes, the transactions described under the Purchase Program are considered to be originated by the Dealer-Partner and then purchased by us. The amount of Purchased Loans recorded in Loans receivable is comprised of the following:
    the aggregate amount of all amounts paid to purchase Consumer Loans from Dealer-Partners;
 
    finance charges; and
 
    recoveries.
     Less:
    collections (net of certain collection costs); and
 
    write-offs.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS — (Concluded)
     Program Enrollment
     Dealer-Partners that enroll in our programs have two enrollment options available to them. The first enrollment option allows Dealer-Partners to assign Consumer Loans under the Portfolio Program and requires payment of an upfront, one-time fee of $9,850. The second enrollment option, which became effective September 1, 2009, allows Dealer-Partners to assign Consumer Loans under the Portfolio Program and requires payment of an upfront, one-time fee of $1,950 and an agreement to allow us to keep 50% of their first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment. Prior to September 1, 2009, Dealer-Partners who chose the second enrollment option did not pay an upfront fee but agreed to allow us to keep 50% of their first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment. For all Dealer-Partners enrolling in our program after August 31, 2008, access to the Purchase Program is only granted after the first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment has been made under the Portfolio Program.
     Businesses in Liquidation. Effective June 30, 2003, we stopped originating Consumer Loans in the United Kingdom and we sold the remainder of the portfolio on December 30, 2005.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
     The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Our primary subsidiaries are: Buyer’s Vehicle Protection Plan, Inc., Vehicle Remarketing Services, Inc., VSC Re Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corp. II, CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2006-1, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2006-2, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-1, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-2, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1, and Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2009-1.
Reportable Business Segments
     We have two reportable business segments: United States and Other. For information regarding our reportable segments, see Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
     The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The accounts which are subject to significant estimation include the allowance for credit losses, finance charge revenue, premiums earned, stock-based compensation expense, contingencies, and uncertain tax positions. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
     Cash equivalents consist of readily marketable securities with original maturities at the date of acquisition of three months or less.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
     Restricted cash and cash equivalents increased to $82.5 million at December 31, 2009 from $80.3 million at December 31, 2008. The following table summarizes restricted cash and cash equivalents:
                 
    As of December 31,  
(in thousands)   2009     2008  
Cash collections related to secured financings
  $ 42,115     $ 48,956  
Cash held in trusts for future vehicle service contract claims (1)
    40,341       31,377  
 
           
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents
  $ 82,456     $ 80,333  
 
           
 
(1)   The unearned premium and claims reserve associated with the trusts are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Continued)
Restricted Securities Available for Sale
     Restricted securities available for sale consist of amounts held in accordance with vehicle service contract trust agreements. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments in debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities for which we do not have the intent or ability to hold to maturity are classified as available for sale, and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes included in the determination of comprehensive income and reported as a component of shareholders’ equity.
     Restricted securities available for sale consisted of the following:
                                 
  As of December 31, 2009  
            Gross     Gross        
            Unrealized     Unrealized     Estimated  
(in thousands)   Cost     Gains     Losses     Fair Value  
US Government and agency securities
  $ 726     $ 18     $ (2 )   $ 742  
Corporate bonds
    2,381       7       (9 )     2,379  
 
                       
Total restricted securities available for sale
  $ 3,107     $ 25     $ (11 )   $ 3,121  
 
                       
                                 
    As of December 31, 2008  
            Gross     Gross        
            Unrealized     Unrealized     Estimated  
(in thousands)   Cost     Gains     Losses     Fair Value  
US Government and agency securities
  $ 842     $ 53     $     $ 895  
Corporate bonds
    2,475       9       (34 )     2,450  
 
                       
Total restricted securities available for sale
  $ 3,317     $ 62     $ (34 )   $ 3,345  
 
                       
     The cost and estimated fair values of debt securities by contractual maturity were as follows (securities with multiple maturity dates are classified in the period of final maturity). Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
                                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2008  
            Estimated             Estimated  
(in thousands)   Cost     Fair Value     Cost     Fair Value  
Contractual Maturity
                               
Within one year
  $ 1,486     $ 1,495     $ 1,665     $ 1,670  
Over one year to five years
    1,621       1,626       1,652       1,675  
 
                       
Total restricted securities available for sale
  $ 3,107     $ 3,121     $ 3,317     $ 3,345  
 
                       
Finance Charges
     Finance charges is comprised of: (1) servicing fees earned as a result of servicing Consumer Loans assigned to us by Dealer-Partners under the Portfolio Program; (2) finance charge income from Purchased Loans; (3) fees earned from our third party ancillary product offerings; (4) monthly program fees charged to Dealer-Partners under the Portfolio Program; and (5) fees associated with certain Loans. We recognize finance charges under the interest method such that revenue is recognized on a level-yield basis based upon forecasted cash flows. For Dealer Loans only, certain direct origination costs such as salaries and credit reports are deferred and the net costs are recognized as an adjustment to finance charges over the life of the related Dealer Loan on a level-yield basis.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Continued)
     We provide Dealer-Partners the ability to offer vehicle service contracts to consumers. A vehicle service contract provides the consumer protection by paying for the repair or replacement of certain components of the vehicle in the event of a mechanical failure. Buyers Vehicle Protection Plan, Inc. (“BVPP”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, has relationships with third party administrators (“TPAs”) whereby the TPAs process claims on vehicle service contracts that are underwritten by third party insurers. BVPP receives a commission for all vehicle service contracts sold by our Dealer-Partners when the vehicle is financed by us. The commission is included in the retail price of the vehicle service contract which is added to the Consumer Loan. We provide Dealer-Partners with an additional advance based on the retail price of the vehicle service contract. We recognize our commission from the vehicle service contracts as part of finance charges on a level-yield basis based upon forecasted cash flows. We bear the risk of loss for claims on certain vehicle service contracts that are reinsured by us.
     BVPP also has a relationship with a TPA that allows Dealer-Partners to offer a Guaranteed Asset Protection (“GAP”) product to consumers whereby the TPA processes claims that are underwritten by a third party insurer. GAP provides the consumer protection by paying the difference between the loan balance and the amount covered by the consumer’s insurance policy in the event of a total loss of the vehicle due to severe damage or theft. We receive a commission for all GAP contracts sold by our Dealer-Partners when the vehicle is financed by us, and do not bear any risk of loss for claims. The commission is included in the retail price of the GAP contract which is added to the Consumer Loan. We provide Dealer-Partners with an additional advance based on the retail price of the GAP contract. We recognize our commission from the GAP contracts as part of finance charges on a level-yield basis based upon forecasted cash flows.
     Program fees represent monthly fees of $599 charged to Dealer-Partners for access to our Credit Approval Processing System (“CAPS”); administration, servicing and collection services offered by us; documentation related to or affecting our program; and all tangible and intangible property owned by Credit Acceptance. We charge a monthly fee of $599 to Dealer-Partners participating in our Portfolio Program and we collect it from future Dealer Holdback payments. As a result, we record program fees under the Portfolio Program as a yield adjustment, recognizing these fees as finance charge revenue over the forecasted net cash flows of the Dealer Loan.
Reinsurance
     During the fourth quarter of 2008, we formed VSC Re Company (“VSC Re”), our wholly-owned subsidiary that is engaged in the business of reinsuring coverage under vehicle service contracts sold to consumers by Dealer-Partners on vehicles financed by us. Prior to October 31, 2009, VSC Re reinsured vehicle service contracts that were underwritten by two of our three third party insurers. Effective October 31, 2009, we terminated our arrangement with one of our three third party insurers. VSC Re currently reinsures vehicle service contracts that are underwritten by one of our two third party insurers. Vehicle service contract premiums, which represent the selling price of the vehicle service contract to the consumer, less commissions and certain administrative costs, are contributed to trust accounts controlled by VSC Re. These premiums are used to fund claims covered under the vehicle service contracts. VSC Re is a bankruptcy remote entity. As such, the exposure to fund claims is limited to the amount of premium dollars contributed, less amounts earned and withdrawn, plus $0.5 million of equity contributed. With the reinsurance structure, we are able to access projected excess trust assets annually and record revenue and expense on an accrual basis. We formed VSC Re in order to enhance our control and security of the trust assets that are used to pay future vehicle service contract claims. The amount of income we earn from the vehicle service contracts over time is not expected to be impacted by the formation of VSC Re, as both before and after the formation, the income we recognize, excluding our commissions, is based on the amount by which vehicle service contract premiums exceed claims. The only change in our risk associated with adverse claims experience relates to the $0.5 million equity contribution that was required as part of this new structure, which is now at risk in the event claims exceed premiums. Under the prior structure, our risk was limited to the amount of premiums contributed to the trusts.
     Premiums from the reinsurance of vehicle service contracts are recognized over the life of the policy in proportion to expected costs of servicing those contracts. Expected costs are determined based on our historical claims experience. Claims are expensed through a provision for claims in the period the claim was incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, net assumed written premiums were $29.1 million and $27.5 million, respectively; net premiums earned were $33.6 million and $3.9 million, respectively; and provision for claims was $19.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, we amortized $0.7 million and $0.1 million of capitalized acquisition costs related to premium tax, respectively. Capitalized acquisition costs are amortized over the life of the contracts in proportion to premiums earned. We are considered the primary beneficiary of the trusts and as a result, trust assets of $39.1 million and $29.3 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, have been consolidated on our balance sheet as restricted cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, accounts payable and accrued liabilities include $21.1 million and $23.3 million of unearned premium, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0.9 million of claims reserve related to our reinsurance of vehicle service contracts, respectively. The claims reserve is estimated based on historical claims experience.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Continued)
     Prior to the formation of VSC Re, our agreements with two of our vehicle service contract TPAs allowed us to receive profit sharing payments depending upon the performance of the vehicle service contract programs. The agreements also required that vehicle service contract premiums be placed in trust accounts. Funds in the trust accounts were utilized by the TPA to pay claims on the vehicle service contracts. Upon the formation of VSC Re during the fourth quarter of 2008, the unearned premiums on the majority of the vehicle service contracts that had been written through these two TPAs were ceded to VSC Re along with any related trust assets. Vehicle service contracts written prior to 2008 through one of the TPAs remain under this profit sharing arrangement. Profit sharing payments, if any, on the vehicle service contracts are distributed to us periodically after the term of the vehicle service contracts have substantially expired provided certain loss rates are met. We are considered the primary beneficiary of the trusts and as a result, the assets and liabilities of the remaining trust have been consolidated on our balance sheet. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the remaining trust had $4.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, in assets available to pay claims and a related claims reserve of $3.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively. The trust assets are included in restricted cash and cash equivalents and restricted securities available for sale. The claims reserve is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. A third party insures claims in excess of funds in the trust accounts.
     Our determination to consolidate the VSC Re trusts and the profit sharing trusts was based on the following:
    First, we determined that the trusts qualified as variable interest entities. The trusts have insufficient equity at risk as no parties to the trusts were required to contribute assets that provide them with any ownership interest.
 
    Next, we determined that we have variable interests in the trusts. We have a residual interest in the assets of the trusts, which is variable in nature, given that it increases or decreases based upon the actual loss experience of the related service contracts. In addition, VSC Re is required to absorb any losses in excess of the trusts’ assets.
 
    Finally, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the trusts. The trusts are not expected to generate losses that need to be absorbed by the parties to the trusts. The trusts are expected to generate residual returns and we are entitled to all of those returns.
     The limited amounts of premiums earned and provision for claims in 2007 relate to coverage we reinsured under credit life and disability insurance sold to consumers by Dealer-Partners on vehicles financed by us. We ceased financing this product in 2006.
Other Income
     Other income consists of the following:
                         
  Years Ended December 31,  
(in thousands)   2009     2008     2007  
Dealer support products and services
  $ 7,011     $ 6,630     $ 6,016  
Marketing income
    6,276       4,198       2,691  
Dealer enrollment fees
    1,943       1,905       1,859  
Interest income
    394       2,019       3,020  
Vehicle service contract and GAP profit sharing income
    228       3,738       1,201  
Other
    1,770       2,906       4,306  
 
                 
 
  $ 17,622     $ 21,396     $ 19,093  
 
                 
     Dealer support products and services revenue primarily consists of remarketing fees retained from the sale of repossessed vehicles by Vehicle Remarketing Services, Inc. (“VRS”), our wholly-owned subsidiary that is responsible for remarketing vehicles for Credit Acceptance. VRS coordinates vehicle repossessions with a nationwide network of repossession agents, the redemption of the vehicle by the consumer, or the sale of the vehicle through a nationwide network of vehicle auctions. VRS recognizes income from the retained fees at the time of the sale and does not retain a fee if a repossessed vehicle is redeemed by the consumer prior to the sale. Dealer support products and services revenue also includes income from products and services provided to Dealer-Partners to assist with their vehicle inventory and is recognized in the period the service is provided.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Continued)
     Marketing income primarily consists of payments received on a monthly basis from vendors that charge a fee to consumers to process or expedite their payments. We recognize marketing income in the period the services are provided to the consumer. Marketing income also includes fees we receive from third parties for providing Dealer-Partners in certain states the ability to purchase Global Positioning Systems (“GPS”) with Starter Interrupt Devices (“SID”). Through this program, Dealer-Partners can install a GPS-based SID (“GPS-SID”) on vehicles financed by us that can be activated if the consumer fails to make payments on their account, and can result in the prompt repossession of the vehicle. Dealer-Partners purchase the GPS-SID directly from third parties and the third parties pay us a marketing fee for each device sold. GPS-SID revenue is recognized when the unit is sold and installed in the consumer’s vehicle.
     Dealer enrollment fees include fees from Dealer-Partners that enroll in our programs under our two enrollment options. The first enrollment option requires payment of an upfront, one-time fee of $9,850. A portion of this fee is considered to be dealer support products and services revenue. The remaining portion of this fee is considered to be a dealer enrollment fee, which is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the Dealer-Partner relationship. The second enrollment option requires payment of an upfront, one-time fee of $1,950 and an agreement to allow us to keep 50% of their first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment. For Dealer-Partners that choose the second enrollment option, the entire upfront fee is considered to be dealer support products and services revenue and the 50% portion of the first accelerated Dealer Holdback payment is considered to be a dealer enrollment fee. Under this option, we do not recognize any dealer enrollment fees until the Dealer-Partner has met the eligibility requirements to receive an accelerated Dealer Holdback payment and the amount of the first payment, if any, has been calculated. Once the accelerated Dealer Holdback payment has been calculated, we defer the 50% portion that we keep and recognize it on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated life of the Dealer-Partner relationship.
     Interest income includes income on restricted cash relating to collections on securitized Loans and amounts in the vehicle service contract trust accounts and is recognized in the period earned.
     Vehicle service contract and GAP profit sharing income is from payments received from TPAs based upon the performance of vehicle service contracts and GAP products provided by BVPP. The formation of VSC Re eliminated the profit sharing arrangements related to vehicle service contracts, except for vehicle service contracts written prior to 2008 through one of the TPAs. Profit sharing payments from the TPAs are received periodically during the year, if eligible. Profit sharing payments are currently not estimable and therefore, revenue related to these payments is recognized in the period the payments are received.
Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
     Consumer Loan Assignment. For accounting purposes, a Consumer Loan is considered to have been assigned to us after all of the following has occurred:
    the consumer and Dealer-Partner have signed a Consumer Loan contract;
 
    we have received the original Consumer Loan contract and supporting documentation;
 
    we have approved all of the related stipulations for funding; and
 
    we have provided funding to the Dealer-Partner in the form of either an advance for a Dealer Loan or the purchase price for a Purchased Loan.
     Dealer Loans. Amounts advanced to Dealer-Partners for Consumer Loans assigned under the Portfolio Program are computed on a formula basis and are recorded as Dealer Loans. The Dealer Loan is increased as revenue is recognized, Dealer Holdback payments are made, and accelerated Dealer Holdback payments are made, and decreased as collections (net of certain collection costs) are received and write-offs are recorded. An allowance for credit losses is maintained at an amount that reduces the net asset value (Dealer Loan balance less the allowance) to the value of forecasted future cash flows discounted at the yield established at the inception of the Dealer Loan. This allowance is calculated on a Dealer-Partner by Dealer-Partner basis. The discounted value of future cash flows is comprised of estimated future collections on the Consumer Loans, less any estimated Dealer Holdback payments. We write off Dealer Loans once there are no forecasted future collections on any of the associated Consumer Loans.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Continued)
     Future collections on Dealer Loans are forecasted based on the historical performance of Consumer Loans with similar characteristics, adjusted for recent trends in payment patterns. Dealer Holdback is forecasted based on the expected future collections and current advance balance of each Dealer Loan. Cash flows from any individual Dealer Loan are often different than estimated cash flows at Dealer Loan inception. If such difference is favorable, the difference is recognized prospectively into income over the remaining life of the Dealer Loan through a yield adjustment. If such difference is unfavorable, a provision for credit losses is recorded immediately as a current period expense and a corresponding allowance for credit losses is established. Because differences between estimated cash flows at inception and actual cash flows occur often, an allowance is required for a significant portion of our Dealer Loan portfolio. An allowance for credit losses does not necessarily indicate that a Dealer Loan is unprofitable, and in recent years, very seldom are cash flows from a Dealer Loan insufficient to repay the initial amounts advanced to the Dealer-Partner.
     Purchased Loans. Amounts paid to Dealer-Partners for Consumer Loans assigned under the Purchase Program are computed on a formula basis and are recorded as Purchased Loans. The Purchased Loan amount reflected on our balance sheet is increased as revenue is recognized and decreased as collections (net of certain collection costs) are received and write-offs are recorded. We aggregate Purchased Loans into pools based on the month of purchase for revenue recognition and impairment purposes. An allowance for credit losses is maintained at an amount that reduces the net asset value (Purchased Loan pool balance less the allowance) to the value of forecasted future cash flows discounted at the yield established at the date of purchase. The discounted value of future cash flows is comprised of estimated future collections on the pool of Purchased Loans. We write off pools of Purchased Loans once there are no forecasted future collections on any of the Purchased Loans included in the pool.
     Future collections on Purchased Loans are forecasted based on the historical performance of Consumer Loans with similar characteristics, adjusted for recent trends in payment patterns. Cash flows from any individual pool of Purchased Loans are often different than estimated cash flows at the date of purchase. If such difference is favorable, the difference is recognized prospectively into income over the remaining life of the pool of Purchased Loans through a yield adjustment. If such difference is unfavorable, a provision for credit losses is recorded immediately as a current period expense and a corresponding allowance for credit losses is established.
Property and Equipment
     Purchases of property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Estimated useful lives are generally as follows: buildings – 40 years, building improvements – 10 years, data processing equipment – 3 years, software – 5 years, office furniture and equipment – 7 years, and leasehold improvements – the lesser of the lease term or 7 years. The cost of assets sold or retired and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet at the time of disposition and any resulting gain or loss is included in operations. Maintenance, repairs and minor replacements are charged to operations as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
     Costs incurred during the application development stage of software developed for internal use are capitalized and generally amortized on a straight-line basis over five years. Costs incurred to maintain existing product offerings are expensed as incurred.
Deferred Debt Issuance Costs
     As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, deferred debt issuance costs were $6.4 million (net of accumulated amortization of $8.9 million) and $3.4 million (net of accumulated amortization of $5.6 million), respectively, and are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Expenses associated with the issuance of debt instruments are capitalized and amortized as interest expense over the term of the debt instrument on a level-yield basis for term secured financings and on a straight-line basis for lines of credit and revolving secured financings.
Income Taxes
     Provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes are calculated on reported pre-tax earnings based on current tax law and also include, in the current period, the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Such provisions differ from the amounts currently receivable or payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different time periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Continued)
     Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered.
     We follow a two-step approach for recognizing uncertain tax positions. First, we evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. Second, for positions that we determine are more-likely-than-not to be sustained, we recognize the tax benefit as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained. We establish a liability for unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties. We consider many factors when evaluating and estimating our tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the provision for income taxes.
Derivative Instruments
     We rely on various sources of financing, some of which contain floating rates of interest and expose us to risks associated with increases in interest rates. We manage such risk primarily by entering into interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements (“derivative instruments”).
     For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, we formally document all relationships between the hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as their risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. We also formally assess (both at the hedge’s inception and on a quarterly basis) whether the derivative instruments that are used in hedging transactions have been highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of hedged items and whether those derivative instruments may be expected to remain highly effective in the future periods. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments is recorded in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes. When it is determined that a derivative instrument is not (or has ceased to be) highly effective as a hedge, we would discontinue hedge accounting prospectively and the ineffective portion of changes in fair value would be recorded in interest expense.
     For derivative instruments not designated as hedges, changes in the fair value of these agreements increase or decrease interest expense.
     We recognize derivative instruments as either other assets or accounts payable and accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
Stock Compensation Plans
     We apply a fair-value-based measurement method in accounting for stock-based payment transactions with team members. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the grant as salaries and wages expense. At December 31, 2009, we have three stock-based compensation plans for team members and non-employee directors, which are described more fully in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Continued)
Employee Benefit Plan
     We sponsor a 401(k) plan that covers substantially all of our team members. We made changes to this plan effective April 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009. A summary of the 401(k) plan contributions and vesting is as follows:
                         
    January 1, 2009   April 1, 2008   January 1, 2007
    to   to   to
    December 31, 2009   December 31, 2008   March 31, 2008
Team member contribution
                       
Percentage of gross pay (1)
  1% - 75%   1% - 75%   1% - 20%
 
                       
Credit Acceptance contribution
                       
Percentage of team member contribution
  50%(2)   50%(3)   50%(3)
 
                       
Vesting
  100% immediately   100% on a 6 year graded schedule (4)   100% on a 6 year graded schedule (4)
 
(1)   Subject to statutory limitations
 
(2)   Up to a maximum of 3% of each team member’s eligible annual gross pay
 
(3)   Up to a maximum of $1,250 per team member
 
(4)   Effective January 1, 2009, all previous matching contributions became 100% vested
     We recognized compensation expense of $1.0 million in 2009, and $0.5 million in 2008 and 2007 for our matching contributions to the plan.
     Beginning January 1, 2010, we will make matching contributions equal to 100% on the first 1% team members contribute and an additional 50% up to the next 5% team members contribute.
Advertising Costs
     Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. There were nominal advertising expenses for the year ended December 31, 2009. Advertising expenses were $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.
New Accounting Pronouncements
     Disclosures About Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures About Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161 was incorporated into the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) through Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2009-01 on June 30, 2009 and is intended to improve financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures. The adoption on January 1, 2009 had no financial impact on our consolidated financial statements, but expanded our disclosures.
     Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments. In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments” (“FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1”). FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 was incorporated into the FASB ASC through ASU No. 2009-01 on June 30, 2009 and is intended to enhance consistency in financial reporting by increasing the frequency of fair value disclosures. The adoption during the second quarter of 2009 had no financial impact on our consolidated financial statements, but expanded our interim disclosures.
     Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments. In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments” (“FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2”). FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 was incorporated into the FASB ASC through ASU No. 2009-01 on June 30, 2009 and amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance in GAAP for debt securities to make the guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities in the financial statements. The adoption during the second quarter of 2009 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – (Concluded)
     Subsequent Events. In May 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 165, “Subsequent Events” (“SFAS 165”). SFAS 165 was incorporated into the FASB ASC through ASU No. 2009-01 on June 30, 2009 and is intended to establish principles and requirements for subsequent events. In February 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-09, which removes the requirement for an SEC filer to disclose the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated. Management's responsibility to evaluate subsequent events through the date of issuance remains unchanged. The adoption during 2009 had no financial impact on our financial statements, but expanded our disclosures.
     Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets. In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (“SFAS 166”). SFAS 166 was incorporated into the FASB ASC through ASU No. 2009-16 and is intended to improve the information provided in financial statements about the transfer of financial assets and the effects of the transfer on financial position and performance, and cash flows. The pending content of ASU No. 2009-16 will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after November 15, 2009, with early adoption prohibited. This statement must be applied to transfers occurring on or after the effective date. We do not expect SFAS 166 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
     Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R). In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)” (“SFAS 167”). SFAS 167 was incorporated into the FASB ASC through ASU No. 2009-17 and is intended to improve financial reporting related to variable interest entities. ASU No. 2009-17 is effective at the start of a reporting entity’s first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2009, or January 1, 2010, for a calendar year-end entity, with early adoption prohibited. We do not expect ASU No. 2009-17 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
     The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 168, “The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162” (“SFAS 168”). SFAS 168 was incorporated into the FASB ASC through ASU No. 2009-02 on June 30, 2009 and identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with GAAP in the United States (the GAAP hierarchy). The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Reclassification
     Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
Subsequent Events
     We have evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the consolidated balance sheet date of December 31, 2009, for items that could potentially be recognized or disclosed in these financial statements. For additional information regarding subsequent events, see Note 14 of these consolidated financial statements.
3. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
     The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate their value.
     Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
     Restricted Securities Available for Sale. Restricted securities consist of amounts held in trusts by TPAs to pay claims on vehicle service contracts. Securities for which we do not have the intent or ability to hold to maturity are classified as available for sale and stated at fair value. The fair value of restricted securities are based on quoted market values.
     Net Investment in Loans Receivable. Loans receivable, net represents our net investment in Consumer Loans. The fair value is determined by calculating the present value of future Loan payment inflows and Dealer Holdback outflows estimated by us utilizing a discount rate comparable with the rate used to calculate our allowance for credit losses.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
3. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Concluded)
     Derivative Instruments. The fair value of interest rate caps and interest rate swaps are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, which are influenced by a number of factors, including interest rates, amount of debt outstanding, and number of months until maturity.
     Liabilities. The fair value of debt is determined using quoted market prices, if available, or calculated using the estimated value of each debt instrument based on current rates offered to us for debt with similar maturities.
     A comparison of the carrying value and estimated fair value of these financial instruments is as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    As of December 31,
    2009   2008
    Carrying   Estimated   Carrying   Estimated
    Amount   Fair Value   Amount   Fair Value
Assets
                               
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
  $ 84,626     $ 84,626     $ 83,487     $ 83,487  
Restricted securities available for sale
    3,121       3,121       3,345       3,345  
Net investment in Loans receivable
    1,050,013       1,056,059       1,017,917       1,042,790  
Derivative instruments
    82       82       1       1  
 
                               
Liabilities
                               
Line of credit
  $ 97,300     $ 97,300     $ 61,300     $ 61,300  
Secured financing
    404,597       404,725       574,175       569,811  
Mortgage note
    4,744       4,757       5,274       5,415  
Derivative instruments
    1,445       1,445       4,895       4,895  
     Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. We group assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
     
Level 1
  Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
 
   
Level 2
  Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
 
   
Level 3
  Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
     The following table provides the fair value measurements of applicable assets and liabilities, measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of December 31, 2009 (in thousands):
                         
                    Total
    Level 1   Level 2   Fair Value
Assets
                       
Restricted securities available for sale
  $ 3,121     $     $ 3,121  
Derivative instruments
          82       82  
 
                       
Liabilities
                       
Derivative instruments
  $     $ 1,445     $ 1,445  

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
4. LOANS RECEIVABLE
     Loans receivable consists of the following (in thousands):
                         
    As of December 31, 2009  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Loans receivable
  $ 869,603     $ 297,955     $ 1,167,558  
Allowance for credit losses
    (108,792 )     (8,753 )     (117,545 )
 
                 
Loans receivable, net
  $ 760,811     $ 289,202     $ 1,050,013  
 
                 
                         
    As of December 31, 2008  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Loans receivable
  $ 823,567     $ 325,185     $ 1,148,752  
Allowance for credit losses
    (113,831 )     (17,004 )     (130,835 )
 
                 
Loans receivable, net
  $ 709,736     $ 308,181     $ 1,017,917  
 
                 
     A summary of changes in Loans receivable is as follows (in thousands):
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31, 2009  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 823,567     $ 325,185     $ 1,148,752  
New Consumer Loan assignments (1)
    533,465       103,283       636,748  
Principal collected on Loans receivable
    (515,847 )     (145,399 )     (661,246 )
Dealer Holdback payments
    44,269             44,269  
Transfers
    (14,935 )     14,935        
Write-offs
    (4,234 )     (95 )     (4,329 )
Recoveries
    2,996       46       3,042  
Net change in other loans
    152             152  
Currency translation
    170             170  
 
                 
Balance, end of period
  $ 869,603     $ 297,955     $ 1,167,558  
 
                 
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31, 2008  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 804,245     $ 140,453     $ 944,698  
New Consumer Loan assignments (1)
    524,496       280,326       804,822  
Principal collected on Loans receivable
    (506,600 )     (103,429 )     (610,029 )
Dealer Holdback payments
    58,503             58,503  
Transfers
    (7,953 )     7,953        
Write-offs
    (48,966 )     (146 )     (49,112 )
Recoveries
          28       28  
Net change in other loans
    120             120  
Currency translation
    (278 )           (278 )
 
                 
Balance, end of period
  $ 823,567     $ 325,185     $ 1,148,752  
 
                 
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31, 2007  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 724,645     $ 29,926     $ 754,571  
New Consumer Loan assignments (1)
    571,197       139,340       710,537  
Principal collected on Loans receivable
    (543,846 )     (33,398 )     (577,244 )
Dealer Holdback payments
    70,950             70,950  
Transfers
    (4,748 )     4,748        
Write-offs
    (14,658 )     (192 )     (14,850 )
Recoveries
          29       29  
Net change in other loans
    436             436  
Currency translation
    269             269  
 
                 
Balance, end of period
  $ 804,245     $ 140,453     $ 944,698  
 
                 
 
(1)   The Dealer Loans amount represents advances and accelerated Dealer Holdback payments made to Dealer-Partners for Consumer Loans assigned under our Portfolio Program. The Purchased Loans amount represents payments made to Dealer-Partners to purchase Consumer Loans assigned under our Purchase Program.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
4. LOANS RECEIVABLE – (Concluded)
     A summary of changes in the allowance for credit losses is as follows (in thousands):
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31, 2009  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 113,831     $ 17,004     $ 130,835  
Provision for credit losses
    (3,962 )     (8,202 )     (12,164 )
Write-offs
    (4,234 )     (95 )     (4,329 )
Recoveries
    2,996       46       3,042  
Currency translation
    161             161  
 
                 
Balance, end of period
  $ 108,792     $ 8,753     $ 117,545  
 
                 
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31, 2008  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 133,201     $ 944     $ 134,145  
Provision for credit losses
    29,851       16,178       46,029  
Write-offs
    (48,966 )     (146 )     (49,112 )
Recoveries
          28       28  
Currency translation
    (255 )           (255 )
 
                 
Balance, end of period
  $ 113,831     $ 17,004     $ 130,835  
 
                 
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31, 2007  
    Dealer Loans     Purchased Loans     Total  
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 127,881     $ 910     $ 128,791  
Provision for credit losses
    19,750       197       19,947  
Write-offs
    (14,658 )     (192 )     (14,850 )
Recoveries
          29       29  
Currency translation
    228             228  
 
                 
Balance, end of period
  $ 133,201     $ 944     $ 134,145  
 
                 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
5. LEASED PROPERTIES
     We lease office space and office equipment. We expect that in the normal course of business, leases will be renewed or replaced by other leases. Total rental expense from continuing operations on all operating leases was $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $0.8 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Contingent rentals under the operating leases were insignificant. Our total minimum future lease commitments under operating leases as of December 31, 2009 are as follows (in thousands):
         
Minimum Future        
Lease Commitments      
2010
  $ 782  
2011
    675  
2012
    635  
2013
    473  
2014
    313  
Thereafter
     
 
     
 
  $ 2,878  
 
     
6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
     Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2008  
Land and land improvements
  $ 2,251     $ 2,582  
Building and improvements
    11,790       11,926  
Data processing equipment and software
    34,765       37,381  
Office furniture and equipment
    2,937       3,472  
Leasehold improvements
    111       344  
 
           
Total property and equipment
    51,854       55,705  
Less:
               
Accumulated depreciation on property and equipment
    (30,581 )     (32,574 )
Accumulated depreciation on capital leased assets
    (2,538 )     (2,082 )
 
           
Total accumulated depreciation
    (33,119 )     (34,656 )
 
           
 
  $ 18,735     $ 21,049  
 
           
     Property and equipment included capital leased assets of $2.7 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008. Depreciation expense on property and equipment, including capital leased assets, was $5.1 million, $5.3 million and $4.1 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
     For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we capitalized software developed for internal use of $1.0 million, $3.4 million, and $1.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, capitalized software costs, net of accumulated depreciation, totaled $4.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
7. DEBT
     We currently utilize the following forms of debt financing: (1) a revolving secured line of credit with a commercial bank syndicate; (2) revolving secured warehouse facilities with institutional investors; (3) asset-backed secured financings (“Term ABS”) with qualified institutional investors; and (4) Senior Secured Notes due 2017 issued pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Senior Notes”). For information on the Senior Notes, which were issued subsequent to December 31, 2009, see Note 14 of these consolidated financial statements. General information for each of our financing transactions in place as of December 31, 2009 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
                               
    Wholly-owned   Issue       Revolving Maturity   Financing   Interest Rate at
Financings   Subsidiary   Number   Close Date   Date   Amount   December 31, 2009
Revolving Line of Credit
  n/a   n/a   June 15, 2009   June 23, 2011   $ 140,000     At our option, either Eurodollar rate plus 275 basis points or the prime rate plus 100 basis points
 
                           
Revolving Secured
Warehouse Facility (1)
  CAC Warehouse Funding Corp. II   2003-2   August 24, 2009   August 23, 2011 (7)   $ 325,000     Commercial paper rate plus 500 basis points or LIBOR plus 600 basis points (4) (5)
 
                           
Revolving Secured Warehouse Facility (1)
  CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC   2008-2   August 31, 2009   August 31, 2012 (6)   $ 75,000     Commercial paper rate plus 375 basis points or LIBOR plus 375 basis points (3) (4) (5)
 
                           
Term ABS 2008-1 (1)
  Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1   2008-1   April 18, 2008   April 15, 2009 (2)   $ 150,000     Fixed rate (3)
 
                           
Term ABS 2009-1 (1)
  Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2009-1   2009-1   December 3, 2009   May 15, 2011 (2)   $ 110,500     Fixed rate
 
(1)   Financing made available only to a specified subsidiary of the Company.
 
(2)   Loans will amortize after the maturity date based on the cash flows of the contributed assets.
 
(3)   A portion of the outstanding balance is a floating rate obligation that has been converted to a fixed rate obligation via an interest rate swap.
 
(4)   The LIBOR rate is used if funding is not available from the commercial paper market.
 
(5)   Interest rate cap agreements are in place to limit the exposure to increasing interest rates.
 
(6)   Facility revolves until August 31, 2011 and matures on August 31, 2012.
 
(7)   Facility revolves until August 23, 2010 and matures on August 23, 2011.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
7. DEBT – (Continued)
     Additional information related to the amounts outstanding on each facility is as follows (dollars in thousands):
                 
    Years Ended December 31,
    2009   2008
Revolving Line of Credit
               
Maximum outstanding balance
  $ 128,900     $ 128,400  
Average outstanding balance
    90,494       59,991  
 
               
Revolving Secured Warehouse Facility (2003-2) (1)
               
Maximum outstanding balance
  $ 325,000     $ 320,000  
Average outstanding balance
    260,798       262,884  
 
               
Revolving Secured Warehouse Facility (2008-2)
               
Maximum outstanding balance
  $ 75,000     $ 50,000  
Average outstanding balance
    55,068       50,000  
 
(1)   2008 data includes amounts owing after February 12, 2008 to an institutional investor that did not renew their participation in the facility. The amount due did not reduce the amount available on the Warehouse Facility. See “Revolving Secured Warehouse Facilities” for additional information.
                 
    As of December 31,
    2009   2008
Revolving Line of Credit
               
Balance outstanding
  $ 97,300     $ 61,300  
Letter(s) of credit
    514       555  
Amount available for borrowing
    42,186       91,645  
Interest rate
    4.25 %     1.70 %
 
               
Revolving Secured Warehouse Facility (2003-2)
               
Balance outstanding
  $ 152,600     $ 256,000  
Amount available for borrowing
    172,400       69,000  
Contributed eligible Loans
    192,921       344,111  
Interest rate
    5.24 %     3.33 %
 
               
Revolving Secured Warehouse Facility (2008-2)
               
Balance outstanding
  $ 75,000     $ 50,000  
Amount available for borrowing
           
Contributed eligible Loans
    94,073       62,562  
Interest rate
    4.36 %     2.21 %
 
               
Term ABS 2007-1
               
Balance outstanding
  $     $ 33,915  
Contributed eligible Dealer Loans
          87,155  
Interest rate
          5.32 %
 
               
Term ABS 2007-2
               
Balance outstanding
  $     $ 84,260  
Contributed eligible Dealer Loans
          114,054  
Interest rate
          6.22 %
 
               
Term ABS 2008-1
               
Balance outstanding
  $ 66,497     $ 150,000  
Contributed eligible Loans
    142,267       184,595  
Interest rate
    6.37 %     6.37 %
 
               
Term ABS 2009-1
               
Balance outstanding
  $ 110,500     $  
Contributed eligible Loans
    142,315        
Interest rate
    4.40 %      
 
               
Residual Credit Facility
               
Balance outstanding
  $     $  
Certificate Pledged
          52,944  
Interest rate
          4.83 %

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
7. DEBT – (Continued)
Line of Credit Facility
     During the second quarter of 2009, we extended the maturity of the line of credit facility with a commercial bank syndicate from June 22, 2010 to June 23, 2011, and we reduced the amount of the facility from $153.5 million to $140.0 million. The interest rate on borrowings under the facility was increased from the prime rate minus 0.60% or the Eurodollar rate plus 1.25%, at our option, to the prime rate plus 1.0% or the Eurodollar rate plus 2.75%, at our option. The Eurodollar rate is subject to a floor of 1.50%. In addition, certain financial covenants were modified as follows:
    The maximum funded debt to tangible net worth ratio was reduced from 4.0 to 1.0 to a ratio of 3.25 to 1.0
 
    The minimum fixed charge coverage ratio was increased from 1.75 to 1.0 to a ratio of 2.0 to 1.0
 
    The minimum asset coverage ratio was increased from 1.0 to 1.0 to a ratio of 1.1 to 1.0
     Borrowings under the line of credit facility are subject to a borrowing-base limitation. This limitation equals 80% of the net book value of Loans, less a hedging reserve (not exceeding $1.0 million), the amount of letters of credit issued under the line of credit, and the amount of other debt secured by the collateral which secures the line of credit. Borrowings under the line of credit agreement are secured by a lien on most of our assets. We must pay quarterly fees on the amount of the facility.
Revolving Secured Warehouse Facilities
     We have two revolving secured warehouse facilities that are provided to our wholly-owned subsidiaries. One is a $325.0 million facility with an institutional investor and the other is a $75.0 million facility with another institutional investor.
     During the third quarter of 2009, the maturity of the $325.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility was extended. The agreement was modified to provide that in the event that the facility is not renewed after the revolving period ends on August 23, 2010, and the borrower is in compliance with the terms and conditions of the agreement, the facility will amortize for a twelve month period ending August 23, 2011. During this time, the outstanding debt will be paid down through the collections on the contributed assets. At the end of the twelve month period, the balance of the facility will be due and payable. Additionally, the interest rate on borrowings under the facility was increased from the commercial paper rate plus 100 basis points to the commercial paper rate plus 500 basis points. Finally, under the terms of the extension, the minimum levels for the three month average net yield percentage to avoid early amortization or termination of the facility were reduced from 6% and 5%, respectively, to 2% and 1%, respectively. The net yield percentage for any month is equal to the product of (i) 12, and (ii) 20% of collections less the amount of interest and fees due on the facility, divided by the average borrowing base during the month. There were no other material changes to the terms of the facility.
     During the third quarter of 2009, the amount of the $50.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility was increased to $75.0 million. In addition, the expiration of the revolving period on the facility was extended from May 23, 2010 to August 31, 2011 and the maturity of the facility was extended from May 23, 2011 to August 31, 2012. Finally, the interest rate on the facility was increased from a floating rate equal to LIBOR plus 177.5 basis points to LIBOR plus 375 basis points. There were no other material changes to the terms of the facility.
     Under both warehouse facilities we can contribute Loans to our wholly-owned subsidiaries in return for cash and equity in each subsidiary. In turn, each subsidiary pledges the Loans as collateral to institutional investors to secure financing that will fund the cash portion of the purchase price of the Loans. The financing provided to each subsidiary under the applicable facility is limited to the lesser of 80% of the net book value of the contributed Loans or the facility limit.
     The subsidiaries are liable for any amounts due under the applicable facility. Even though we consolidate our subsidiaries for financial reporting purposes, the financing is non-recourse to us. As our subsidiaries are organized as separate legal entities from us, their assets (including the conveyed Loans) will not be available to satisfy our general obligations. All of each of our subsidiary’s assets have been encumbered to secure its obligations to its respective creditors.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
7. DEBT – (Continued)
     Interest on borrowings under the facilities has been limited to a maximum rate of 6.75% through interest rate cap agreements. We have also entered into an interest rate swap to convert $25.0 million of the $75.0 million secured warehouse facility into fixed debt bearing an interest rate of 5.1%. The subsidiaries pay us a monthly servicing fee equal to 6% of the collections received with respect to the conveyed Loans. The fee is paid out of the collections. Except for the servicing fee and holdback payments due to Dealer-Partners, if a facility is amortizing, we do not have any rights in any portion of such collections until all outstanding principal, accrued and unpaid interest, fees and other related costs have been paid in full. If a facility is not amortizing, the applicable subsidiary may be entitled to retain a portion of such collections provided that the borrowing base requirements of the facility are satisfied.
Term ABS Financings
     In 2007, 2008, and 2009, four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Funding LLCs”), each completed a secured financing transaction. In connection with these transactions, we conveyed Loans on an arms-length basis to each Funding LLC for cash and the sole membership interest in that Funding LLC. In turn, each Funding LLC contributed the Loans to a respective trust that issued notes to qualified institutional investors. Financial insurance policies were issued in connection with the 2007 transactions. The policies guarantee the timely payment of interest and ultimate repayment of principal on the final scheduled distribution date. In the 2007 transactions, the notes were initially rated “Aaa” by Moody’s Investor Service (“Moody’s”) and “AAA” by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”) based upon the financial insurance policy. As of December 31, 2009, both 2007 transactions have been paid off. The Term ABS 2008-1 transaction was not issued with a financial insurance policy and is rated “A” by S&P. The Term ABS 2009-1 transaction consists of three classes of notes. The Class A notes are rated “AAA” by S&P and DBRS, Inc. The Class B Notes are rated “AA” by S&P. The Class C Note does not bear interest, is not rated and is being retained by us.
     Each financing has a specified revolving period during which we may be required, and are likely, to convey additional Loans to each Funding LLC. Each Funding LLC will then convey the Loans to their respective trust. At the end of the revolving period, the debt outstanding under each financing will begin to amortize.
     The financings create loans for which the trusts are liable and which are secured by all the assets of each trust. Such loans are non-recourse to us, even though we are consolidated for financial reporting purposes with the trusts and the Funding LLCs. Because the Funding LLCs are organized as legal entities separate from us, their assets (including the conveyed Loans) are not available to our creditors. We receive a monthly servicing fee on each financing equal to 6% of the collections received with respect to the conveyed Loans. The fee is paid out of the collections. Except for the servicing fee and Dealer Holdback payments due to Dealer-Partners, if a facility is amortizing, we do not have any rights in any portion of such collections until all outstanding principal, accrued and unpaid interest, fees and other related costs have been paid in full. If a facility is not amortizing, the applicable subsidiary may be entitled to retain a portion of such collections provided that the borrowing base requirements of the facility are satisfied. However, in our capacity as servicer of the Loans, we do have a limited right to exercise a “clean-up call” option to purchase Loans from the Funding LLCs and/or the trusts under certain specified circumstances. Alternatively, when a trust’s underlying indebtedness is paid in full, either through collections or through a prepayment of the indebtedness, the trust is to pay any remaining collections over to its Funding LLC as the sole beneficiary of the trust. The collections will then be available to be distributed to us as the sole member of the respective Funding LLC.
     The table below sets forth certain additional details regarding the outstanding Term ABS Financings (dollars in thousands):
                                         
                    Net Book Value of Dealer           Expected
    Issue           Loans Conveyed at           Annualized
Term ABS Financing   Number   Close Date   Closing   Revolving Period   Rates (1)
Term ABS 2008-1
    2008-1     April 18, 2008   $ 86,615     12 months (Through April 15, 2009)     6.9 %
 
                                       
Term ABS 2009-1
    2009-1     December 3, 2009   $ 142,301     18 months (Through May 15, 2011)     5.2 %
 
(1)   Includes underwriter’s fees, insurance premiums and other costs.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
7. DEBT – (Concluded)
Residual Credit Facility
     Another wholly-owned subsidiary, Credit Acceptance Residual Funding LLC (“Residual Funding”), had a $50.0 million secured credit facility with an institutional investor. On August 26, 2009, the $50.0 million residual credit facility matured and was not renewed. No amounts were outstanding under the $50.0 million credit facility at the maturity date.
Mortgage Loan
     During 2009, the mortgage note on our Southfield headquarters was amended to extend the maturity date from June 9, 2009 to June 22, 2014. Additionally, the interest rate on the note was increased from 5.35% to 5.70%. There was $4.7 million and $5.3 million outstanding on this loan as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Capital Lease Obligations
     As of December 31, 2009, we had various capital lease obligations outstanding for computer equipment, with monthly payments totaling approximately $0.1 million. The total amount of capital lease obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 were $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. These capital lease obligations bear interest at rates ranging from 6.41% to 8.59% and have maturity dates between June 2010 and October 2010.
Letters of Credit
     Letters of credit are issued by a commercial bank syndicate and reduce amounts available under our revolving line of credit. As of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we had letters of credit outstanding of $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The letters of credit relate to reinsurance agreements. The letters of credit expire on May 26, 2010 and October 31, 2010, at which time they will be automatically extended for a period of one year unless we are notified otherwise by the commercial bank syndicate.
Principal Debt Maturities
     The scheduled principal maturities of our debt at December 31, 2009 are as follows (in thousands):
                                         
            Revolving Secured             Mortgage Note and        
    Line of Credit     Warehouse     Term ABS     Capital Lease        
Year   Facility     Facilities     Financings (1)     Obligations     Total  
2010
  $     $ 43,621     $ 66,497     $ 559     $ 110,677  
2011
    97,300       130,418       54,338       235       282,291  
2012
          53,561       56,162       248       109,971  
2013
                      263       263  
2014
                      3,777       3,777  
Thereafter
                             
 
                             
 
  $ 97,300     $ 227,600     $ 176,997     $ 5,082     $ 506,979  
 
                             
 
(1)   The principal maturities of the Term ABS transactions are estimated based on forecasted collections.
Debt Covenants
     As of December 31, 2009, we are in compliance with all our debt covenants including those that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios and other financial conditions. The covenants require a minimum ratio of our assets to debt and a minimum ratio of our earnings before interest, taxes and non-cash expenses to fixed charges. The covenants also limit the maximum ratio of our funded debt to tangible net worth. Additionally, we must maintain consolidated net income of not less than $1 for the two most recently ended fiscal quarters. Some of the debt covenants may indirectly limit the repurchase of common stock or payment of dividends on common stock.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
8. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
     Interest Rate Caps. We purchase interest rate cap agreements to manage the interest rate risk on our $325.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility and on $50.0 million of the $75.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility.
     As of December 31, 2009, eight interest rate cap agreements with various maturities between May 2010 and August 2011 were outstanding with a cap rate of 6.75% plus the spread over the LIBOR rate or the commercial paper rate, as applicable, and a nominal fair value. As of December 31, 2008, seven interest rate cap agreements with various maturities between July 2009 and February 2011 were outstanding with a cap rate of 6.75% plus the spread over the LIBOR rate or the commercial paper rate, as applicable, and a nominal fair value.
     The interest rate caps have not been designated as hedging instruments.
     Interest Rate Swaps. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had two interest rate swaps outstanding that convert $50.0 million and $150.0 million in floating rate Term ABS asset-backed secured financings into fixed rate debt, bearing interest rates of 6.28% and 6.37%, respectively. During 2009, we entered into a third interest rate swap to convert $25.0 million of the $75.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility into fixed rate debt, bearing an interest rate of 5.1%, which was also outstanding as of December 31, 2009.
     At December 31, 2009, we had minimal exposure to credit loss on the interest rate swaps. We do not believe that any reasonably likely change in interest rates would have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, our results of operations or our cash flows.
     The interest rate swaps related to the $150.0 million in floating rate Term ABS asset-backed secured financings and the $25.0 million of the $75.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility have been designated as cash flow hedging instruments.
     The interest rate swap related to the $50.0 million in floating rate Term ABS asset-backed secured financings has not been designated as a hedging instrument.
     Information related to the fair values of derivative instruments in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
                         
            Fair Value  
    Balance Sheet     December 31,  
    location     2009     2008  
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
                       
Asset Derivatives
                       
Interest rate swap
  Other assets   $     $  
 
                       
Liability Derivatives
                       
Interest rate swap
  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   $ 1,445     $ 4,068  
 
                       
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
                       
Asset Derivatives
                       
Interest rate swap
  Other assets   $ 82     $ 1  
 
                       
Liability Derivatives
                       
Interest rate swap
  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   $     $ 827  
 
                       
Total Asset Derivatives
          $ 82     $ 1  
 
                   
Total Liability Derivatives
          $ 1,445     $ 4,895  
 
                   

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
8. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS — (Concluded)
     Information related to the effect of derivative instruments on our consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
                                                         
    Gain / (Loss)   Gain / (Loss)
    Recognized in OCI on Derivative   Reclassified from Accumulated
Derivatives in Cash   (Effective Portion)   OCI into Income (Effective Portion)
Flow Hedging   Years Ended December 31,           Years Ended December 31,
Relationships   2009   2008   2007   Location   2009   2008   2007
Interest rate swap
  $ (1,017 )   $ (4,903 )   $     Interest expense   $ (3,641 )   $ (835 )   $  
     As of December 31, 2009, we expect to reclassify losses of $1.4 million from accumulated other comprehensive income into income during the next twelve months.
                                 
            Amount of Gain / (Loss) Recognized in  
            Income on Derivative  
Derivatives Not Designated as           Years Ended December 31,  
Hedging Instruments   Location     2009     2008     2007  
Interest rate caps
  Interest expense   $ (112 )   $ (117 )   $ (62 )
Interest rate swap
  Interest expense     106       (1,193 )     (433 )
 
                         
Total
          $ (6 )   $ (1,310 )   $ (495 )
 
                         
9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
     In the normal course of our business, affiliated Dealer-Partners assign Consumer Loans to us under the Portfolio and Purchase Programs. Dealer Loans and Purchased Loans with affiliated Dealer-Partners are on the same terms as those with non-affiliated Dealer-Partners. Affiliated Dealer-Partners are comprised of Dealer-Partners owned or controlled by: (1) our majority shareholder and Chairman; and (2) a member of the Chairman’s immediate family.
     Affiliated Dealer Loan balances were $12.7 million and $15.4 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Affiliated Dealer Loan balances were 1.5% and 1.9% of total consolidated Dealer Loan balances as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. A summary of related party Loan activity is as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    For the Years Ended December 31,
    2009   2008   2007
    Affiliated           Affiliated           Affiliated    
    Dealer-Partner   % of   Dealer-Partner   % of   Dealer-Partner   % of
    activity   consolidated   activity   consolidated   activity   consolidated
New Dealer and Purchased Loans
  $ 5,977       1.1 %   $ 10,325       2.0 %   $ 10,111       1.8 %
 
Dealer Loan revenue
  $ 3,714       1.5 %   $ 4,045       1.9 %   $ 4,529       2.4 %
 
Dealer Holdback payments
  $ 1,787       4.0 %   $ 2,121       3.6 %   $ 1,801       2.5 %
     Our majority shareholder and Chairman has indirect control over entities that offer secured lines of credit to automobile dealers and has the right or obligation to reacquire these entities under certain circumstances until December 31, 2014 or the repayment of the related purchase money note.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
10. INCOME TAXES
     The income tax provision, excluding the results of the discontinued United Kingdom operations, consists of the following (in thousands):
                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes:
                       
Domestic
  $ 228,885     $ 107,319     $ 82,966  
Foreign
    153       (307 )     215  
 
                 
 
  $ 229,038     $ 107,012     $ 83,181  
 
                 
 
                       
Current provision (benefit) for income taxes:
                       
Federal
  $ 63,321     $ 23,800     $ 8,446  
State
    2,197       3,333       93  
Foreign
    (7 )     (27 )     (41 )
 
                 
 
    65,511       27,106       8,498  
 
                 
Deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes:
                       
Federal
    15,120       13,541       19,201  
State
    3,583       (1,783 )     1,159  
Foreign
          5       11  
 
                 
 
    18,703       11,763       20,371  
 
                 
Interest and penalties (benefit) expense:
                       
Interest
    (29 )     1,227       749  
Penalties
    (1,193 )     (152 )     (51 )
 
                 
 
    (1,222 )     1,075       698  
 
                 
Provision for income taxes
  $ 82,992     $ 39,944     $ 29,567  
 
                 
     The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2009     2008  
Deferred tax assets:
               
Allowance for credit losses
  $ 43,070     $ 47,330  
Stock-based compensation
    6,102       3,395  
Deferred state net operating loss
    659       995  
Other, net
    3,911       4,537  
 
           
Total deferred tax assets
    53,742       56,257  
 
           
 
               
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Valuation of Loans receivable
    142,280       126,606  
Deferred Loan origination costs
    2,318       1,817  
Depreciable assets
    1,110       1,382  
Other, net
    1,786       1,512  
 
           
Total deferred tax liabilities
    147,494       131,317  
 
           
Net deferred tax liability
  $ 93,752     $ 75,060  
 
           
     The deferred state net operating loss tax asset arising from the operating loss carry forward for state income tax purposes is expected to be fully realized by 2012.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
10. INCOME TAXES — (Concluded)
     A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to our effective tax rate, excluding the results of the discontinued United Kingdom operations, is as follows:
                         
    Years Ended December 31,
    2009   2008   2007
U.S. federal statutory rate
    35.0 %     35.0 %     35.0 %
State income taxes
    1.6       0.9       1.0  
Distributed foreign earnings
    0.1       (0.1 )     0.7  
Interest and penalties
    (0.6 )     1.0       0.8  
Other
    0.1       0.5       (1.9 )
 
                       
Provision for income taxes
    36.2 %     37.3 %     35.6 %
 
                       
     The effective tax rates for 2009, 2008 and 2007 differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes and reserves for uncertain tax positions and related interest and penalties that are included in the provision for income taxes. As a result of an adjustment to the deferred tax liability arising from changes in the effective state income tax rate, the effective tax rate for 2009 was increased by approximately 30 basis points, while the effective tax rate for 2008 was reduced by approximately 100 basis points.
     The following table is a summary of changes of the reserve for unrecognized gross tax benefits (in thousands):
                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007  
Gross tax contingencies balance at January 1,
  $ 12,274     $ 9,451     $ 9,974  
Additions based on tax position related to current year
    2,564       1,897       2,162  
Additions for tax positions of prior years
          1,081       59  
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
    (836 )           (2,518 )
Settlements
    (559 )            
Reductions as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations
    (1,613 )     (155 )     (226 )
 
                 
Gross tax contingencies balance at December 31,
  $ 11,830     $ 12,274     $ 9,451  
 
                 
     The total amount of unrecognized tax benefit, that if recognized would favorably reduce our effective income tax rate in future periods was $11.8 million as of December 31, 2009. Accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions were $3.9 million and $5.1 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
     We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple state jurisdictions. We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2003. Substantially all material state and local tax matters have been concluded for years through 2003 and foreign tax matters have been concluded through 2008. The federal income tax returns for 2004, 2005 and 2006 have been under examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) since February 2007.
     In July 2009, we received a revised notice from the IRS, in the form of a 30-day letter, disputing the tax valuation of our Loan portfolio for 2004 through 2006. We disagree with the IRS’s proposed valuation and will vigorously defend our position. We have filed tax returns for 2004 to 2008 applying the portfolio valuation methodology that the IRS disputes. If the IRS were to prevail with their current position without compromise, we would owe $20.4 million of additional federal and state taxes for the period under audit. Additionally, if we used their methodology for 2007, 2008 and 2009, we would owe additional federal and state taxes of $16.9 million. The total amount of $37.3 million of additional taxes is an acceleration of taxes already provided for and recorded as a deferred income tax liability in our balance sheet as of December 31, 2009 and therefore would have no effect on our income statement. We would also owe interest related to the additional federal and state taxes that would reduce our net income by $7.6 million. As we believe our position will be upheld, we have not recorded a reserve for the interest amounts.
     During 2009, 2008 and 2007, we remitted substantially all of our accumulated earnings from foreign subsidiaries as profits to the U.S. and accrued or paid U.S. income taxes accordingly.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
11. CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS
Net Income Per Share
     Basic net income per share has been computed by dividing net income by the basic number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share has been computed by dividing net income by the diluted number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. The share effect is as follows:
                         
    Years Ended December 31,
    2009   2008   2007
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
                       
Basic number of common shares outstanding
    30,590,142       30,249,783       30,053,129  
 
                       
 
                       
Dilutive effect of stock options
    623,459       596,541       1,040,575  
Dilutive effect of restricted stock and restricted stock units
    455,294       258,719       59,984  
 
                       
Dilutive number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding
    31,668,895       31,105,043       31,153,688  
 
                       
     There were no stock options or restricted stock that would be anti-dilutive for the years presented.
Stock Repurchase Program
     In 1999, our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program which authorizes us to purchase common shares in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions at price levels we deem attractive. As of December 31, 2009, we have repurchased approximately 20.4 million shares under the stock repurchase program at a cost of $399.2 million. Included in the stock repurchases to date are 12.5 million shares of common stock purchased through four modified Dutch auction tender offers at a cost of $304.4 million. As of December 31, 2009, we have authorization to repurchase an additional $29.1 million of our common stock.
Stock Compensation Plans
     Pursuant to our Incentive Compensation Plan, which was approved by shareholders on May 13, 2004, we reserved 1.0 million shares of our common stock for the future granting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, and performance awards to team members, officers, and directors at any time prior to April 1, 2014. At our annual meeting of shareholders on May 21, 2009, our shareholders adopted the Credit Acceptance Corporation Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan, amended and restated as of April 6, 2009 (the “Incentive Plan”), which increased the number of shares reserved for granting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, and performance awards to team members, officers, directors, and contractors at any time prior to April 6, 2019, to 1.5 million shares. The shares available for future grants under the Incentive Plan totaled 362,283 as of December 31, 2009.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
11. CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS — (Continued)
     A summary of the restricted stock activity under the Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is presented below:
                 
            Weighted-
            Average
            Grant-Date
    Number of   Fair Value
Restricted Stock   Shares   Per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2007
    146,028     $ 22.34  
Granted
    56,669       26.29  
Vested
    (808 )     20.28  
Forfeited
    (17 )     23.14  
 
               
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    201,872     $ 23.25  
 
               
Granted
    80,123       16.54  
Vested
    (20,399 )     25.71  
Forfeited
    (16,267 )     21.37  
 
               
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
    245,329     $ 21.65  
 
               
Granted
    121,736       17.82  
Vested
    (105,983 )     20.17  
Forfeited
    (18,805 )     17.78  
 
               
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    242,277     $ 20.23  
 
               
     The shares of restricted stock are part of the annual incentive compensation program and are granted annually based on attaining certain individual and company performance criteria. Based on the terms of individual restricted stock grants, time-based shares generally vest over a period of three to five years, based on continuous employment, while performance-based shares generally vest based on the increase in adjusted net income per diluted share, a non-GAAP financial measure.
     A summary of the restricted stock unit activity under the Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is presented below:
                                         
    Nonvested   Vested   Total
            Weighted-           Weighted-    
            Average           Average    
    Number of   Grant-Date   Number of   Grant-Date   Number of
    Restricted Stock   Fair Value   Restricted Stock   Fair Value   Restricted Stock
Restricted Stock Units   Units   Per Share   Units   Per Share   Units
Outstanding at January 1, 2007
        $           $        
Granted
    300,000       26.30                   300,000  (1)
Vested
                             
 
                                       
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    300,000     $ 26.30           $       300,000  
 
                                       
Granted
    400,000       14.61                   400,000  (2)
Vested
    (60,000 )     26.30       60,000       26.30        
 
                                       
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
    640,000     $ 18.99       60,000     $ 26.30       700,000  
 
                                       
Granted
    100,750       23.89                   100,750  (3)
Vested
    (60,000 )     26.30       60,000       26.30        
Forfeited
    (32,500 )     13.51                   (32,500 )
 
                                       
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    648,250     $ 19.35       120,000     $ 26.30       768,250  
 
                                       
 
(1)   The distribution date of vested restricted stock units is February 22, 2014.
 
(2)   The distribution date of vested restricted stock units is February 22, 2016.
 
(3)   The distribution date of vested restricted stock units is February 22, 2016 for 80,750 restricted stock units and February 22, 2017 for 20,000 restricted stock units.
     The restricted stock units are part of a long-term incentive compensation program. Each restricted stock unit represents and has a value equal to one share of common stock. The restricted stock units will be earned over a five year period based upon the annual increase in our adjusted economic profit, a non-GAAP financial measure.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
11. CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS — (Continued)
     Pursuant to our 1992 Stock Option Plan (the “1992 Plan”), we had reserved 8.0 million shares of our common stock for the future granting of options to officers and other team members. Pursuant to our Director Stock Option Plan (the “Director Plan”), we had reserved 200,000 shares of our common stock for future granting of options to members of our Board of Directors. The exercise price of the options is no less than the fair market value on the date of the grant. Options expire ten years from the date of grant. The 1992 Plan and the Director Plan were terminated as to future grants on May 13, 2004, with shareholder approval of the Incentive Plan. All options outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 2008 are vested.
     Additional stock option information relating to the 1992 Plan and the Director Plan is as follows:
                                                 
    1992 Plan   Director Plan
            Weighted                   Weighted    
            Average   Aggregate           Average   Aggregate
    Number of   Exercise Per   Intrinsic Value   Number of   Exercise Per   Intrinsic Value
    Options   Share   (in thousands)   Options   Share   (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2007
    1,653,041     $ 7.68               100,000     $ 17.25          
Options granted
                                       
Options exercised
    (374,985 )     6.90     $ 6,933                 $  
Options forfeited
    (1,000 )     6.46                              
 
                                               
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    1,277,056     $ 7.91               100,000     $ 17.25          
 
                                               
Options granted
                                       
Options exercised
    (306,047 )     7.76     $ 3,004                 $  
Options forfeited
    (1,500 )     7.79                              
 
                                               
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
    969,509     $ 8.14               100,000     $ 17.25          
 
                                               
Options granted
                                       
Options exercised
    (358,745 )     5.41     $ 9,200                 $  
Options forfeited
    (2,200 )     9.01                              
 
                                               
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    608,564     $ 9.75               100,000     $ 17.25          
 
                                               
 
                                               
Exercisable at December 31:
                                               
2007
    1,277,056     $ 7.91     $ 17,115       100,000     $ 17.25     $ 407  
2008
    969,509     $ 8.14     $ 5,630       100,000     $ 17.25     $  
2009
    608,564     $ 9.75     $ 19,688       100,000     $ 17.25     $ 2,486  
     The following tables summarize information about options outstanding under the 1992 Plan and the Director Plan at December 31, 2009:
                         
    Options Outstanding and Exercisable
            Weighted-Average   Weighted-Average
Range of Exercisable   Options as of   Remaining Contractual   Exercise Price Per
Prices
  12/31/2009   Life   Share
1992 Plan
                       
$3.63-$6.64
    7,360     1.1 Years   $ 5.90  
$6.64-$9.95
    559,019       2.0     $ 9.66  
$9.95-$13.27
    34,380       1.8     $ 10.37  
$16.59-$17.05
    7,805       4.2     $ 17.05  
 
                       
Totals
    608,564       2.0     $ 9.75  
 
                       
 
                       
Director Plan
                       
$17.25
    100,000     4.2 Years   $ 17.25  
     All outstanding options were fully vested as of December 31, 2007. The total fair value of options vested during the year ended December 31, 2007 was $0.6 million.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
11. CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS — (Concluded)
     Stock compensation expense consists of the following (in thousands):
                         
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007  
Restricted stock
  $ 2,208     $ 2,138     $ 1,216  
Restricted stock units
    4,597       2,171       3,374  
Stock options
                69  
 
                 
 
  $ 6,805     $ 4,309     $ 4,659  
 
                 
     The following table details how the expenses associated with restricted stock and restricted stock units, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years, will be recorded assuming performance targets are achieved in the periods currently estimated (in thousands):
                         
Years Ended   Restricted Stock     Restricted Stock     Total Projected  
December 31,   Unit Award     Awards     Expense (pre-tax)  
2010
  $ 2,850     $ 845     $ 3,695  
2011
    1,604       288       1,892  
2012
    742       31       773  
2013
    340             340  
2014
    23             23  
 
                 
 
  $ 5,559     $ 1,164     $ 6,723  
 
                 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
12. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
Reportable Segment Overview
     We have two reportable business segments: United States and Other. The United States segment is our dominant segment and primarily consists of the United States automobile financing business. The Other segment consists of businesses in liquidation, primarily represented by the discontinued United Kingdom automobile financing business. We are currently liquidating all businesses classified in the Other segment.
Measurement
     The table below presents information for each reportable segment (in thousands):
                         
    United           Total
    States   Other   Company
Year Ended December 31, 2009
                       
Finance charges
  $ 329,428     $ 9     $ 329,437  
Premiums earned
    33,605             33,605  
Other income
    17,622             17,622  
Provision for credit losses
    (12,184 )     20       (12,164 )
Interest expense
    32,399             32,399  
Depreciation expense
    5,139             5,139  
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
    82,999       (7 )     82,992  
Income from continuing operations
    145,885       161       146,046  
Segment assets
    1,175,550       686       1,176,236  
 
                       
Year Ended December 31, 2008
                       
Finance charges
  $ 286,791     $ 32     $ 286,823  
Premiums earned
    3,967             3,967  
Other income
    21,391       5       21,396  
Provision for credit losses
    45,883       146       46,029  
Interest expense (income)
    43,248       (59 )     43,189  
Depreciation expense
    5,342             5,342  
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
    39,966       (22 )     39,944  
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    67,354       (286 )     67,068  
Segment assets
    1,139,214       140       1,139,354  
 
                       
Year Ended December 31, 2007
                       
Finance charges
  $ 220,386     $ 87     $ 220,473  
Premiums earned
    361             361  
Other income
    19,055       38       19,093  
Provision for credit losses
    19,807       140       19,947  
Interest expense (income)
    36,716       (47 )     36,669  
Depreciation expense
    4,105             4,105  
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
    29,596       (29 )     29,567  
Income from continuing operations
    53,370       244       53,614  
Segment assets
    940,307       1,875       942,182  
Information About Geographic Locations
     We operate primarily in the United States. As such, our revenues from continuing operations and long-lived assets are evaluated primarily through the above reportable segments. Therefore, no enterprise-wide disclosures of information about geographic locations are necessary.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
12. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION — (Concluded)
Information About Products and Services
     We manage our product and service offerings primarily through the above reportable segments. Therefore, no enterprise-wide disclosures of information about products and services are necessary.
Major Customers
     We did not have any Dealer-Partners that provided 10% or more of our revenue during 2009, 2008 or 2007. Additionally, no single Dealer-Partner’s Loans receivable balance accounted for more than 10% of total Loans receivable as of December 31, 2009 or 2008.
13. LITIGATION AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
     In the normal course of business and as a result of the customer-oriented nature of the industry in which we operate, industry participants are frequently subject to various customer claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties. The claims allege, among other theories of liability, violations of state, federal and foreign truth-in-lending, credit availability, credit reporting, customer protection, warranty, debt collection, insurance and other customer-oriented laws and regulations, including claims seeking damages for physical and mental damages relating to our repossession and sale of the customer’s vehicle and other debt collection activities. As the assignee of Consumer Loans originated by Dealer-Partners, we may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by customers principally against Dealer-Partners. We may also have disputes and litigation with Dealer-Partners. The claims may allege, among other theories of liability, that we breached its dealer servicing agreement. Many of these cases are filed as purported class actions and seek damages in large dollar amounts. An adverse ultimate disposition in any such action could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
     On February 1, 2010, we issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 9.125% First Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2017 (the “Senior Notes”). Concurrently with the issuance of the Senior Notes, we amended the agreements governing our line of credit facility with a commercial bank syndicate to facilitate the issuance of the Senior Notes and future secured indebtedness. The net proceeds from the offering of the Senior Notes were used to repay all outstanding borrowings under our line of credit facility and to repay all outstanding borrowings under our $325.0 million revolving secured warehouse facility, subject to our ability to reborrow in each case.
     The Senior Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of February 1, 2010 (the “Indenture”), among us, BVPP and VRS, as guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The description of the Indenture is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Indenture, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 4(f)(129) to our Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2010.
     The Senior Notes mature on February 1, 2017 and bear interest at a rate of 9.125% per annum, computed on the basis of 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months and payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2010. The Senior Notes were issued at 97.495% of the aggregate principal amount for gross proceeds of $243.7 million, representing a yield to maturity of 9.625%.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
15. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)
     The following is a summary of the quarterly financial position and results of operations as of and for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
                                 
    2009  
    Quarter Ended  
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)   March 31     June 30     September 30     December 31  
Balance Sheets
                               
Loans receivable, net
  $ 1,048,100     $ 1,056,941     $ 1,057,100     $ 1,050,013  
All other assets
    128,877       114,351       120,801       126,223  
 
                       
Total assets
  $ 1,176,977     $ 1,171,292     $ 1,177,901     $ 1,176,236  
 
                       
 
                               
Total debt
  $ 627,027     $ 590,114     $ 544,276     $ 506,979  
Other liabilities
    181,560       174,017       182,017       171,047  
 
                       
Total liabilities
    808,587       764,131       726,293       678,026  
Shareholders’ equity (1)
    368,390       407,161       451,608       498,210  
 
                       
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 1,176,977     $ 1,171,292     $ 1,177,901     $ 1,176,236  
 
                       
Income Statements
                               
Revenue
  $ 87,888     $ 92,373     $ 100,268     $ 100,135  
Costs and expenses
    41,933       35,299       37,965       36,429  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes
    45,955       57,074       62,303       63,706  
 
                       
Provision for income taxes
    16,943       20,924       21,491       23,634  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations
    29,012       36,150       40,812       40,072  
 
                       
(Loss) gain from discontinued operations, net of tax
    (11 )     35       (78 )     263  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 29,001     $ 36,185     $ 40,734     $ 40,335  
 
                       
Net income per common share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.95     $ 1.18     $ 1.33     $ 1.31  
 
                       
Diluted
  $ 0.93     $ 1.15     $ 1.29     $ 1.27  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations per common share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.95     $ 1.18     $ 1.33     $ 1.30  
 
                       
Diluted
  $ 0.93     $ 1.15     $ 1.29     $ 1.26  
 
                       
(Loss) gain from discontinued operations per common share:
                               
Basic
  $     $     $     $ 0.01  
 
                       
Diluted
  $     $     $     $ 0.01  
 
                       
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    30,479,665       30,600,531       30,658,969       30,798,119  
Diluted
    31,180,146       31,423,187       31,539,119       31,868,441  
 
(1)   No dividends were paid during the periods presented.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Concluded)
15. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited) — (Concluded)
                                 
    2008  
    Quarter Ended  
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)   March 31     June 30     September 30     December 31  
Balance Sheets
                               
Loans receivable, net
  $ 934,568     $ 1,012,150     $ 1,036,407     $ 1,017,917  
All other assets
    145,210       139,951       133,949       121,437  
 
                       
Total assets
  $ 1,079,778     $ 1,152,101     $ 1,170,356     $ 1,139,354  
 
                       
 
                               
Total debt
  $ 638,814     $ 703,359     $ 691,937     $ 641,714  
Other liabilities
    155,069       151,012       158,693       159,889  
 
                       
Total liabilities
    793,883       854,371       850,630       801,603  
Shareholders’ equity (1)
    285,895       297,730       319,726       337,751  
 
                       
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 1,079,778     $ 1,152,101     $ 1,170,356     $ 1,139,354  
 
                       
Income Statements
                               
Revenue
  $ 70,778     $ 75,005     $ 80,107     $ 86,296  
Costs and expenses
    43,066       58,535       47,170       56,403  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes
    27,712       16,470       32,937       29,893  
 
                       
Provision for income taxes
    10,131       6,091       12,606       11,116  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations
    17,581       10,379       20,331       18,777  
 
                       
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    39       (35 )     326       (221 )
 
                       
Net income
  $ 17,620     $ 10,344     $ 20,657     $ 18,556  
 
                       
Net income per common share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.59     $ 0.34     $ 0.68     $ 0.61  
 
                       
Diluted
  $ 0.57     $ 0.33     $ 0.67     $ 0.60  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations per common share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.58     $ 0.34     $ 0.67     $ 0.62  
 
                       
Diluted
  $ 0.57     $ 0.33     $ 0.66     $ 0.60  
 
                       
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations per common share:
                               
Basic
  $     $     $ 0.01     $ (0.01 )
 
                       
Diluted
  $     $     $ 0.01     $ (0.01 )
 
                       
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    30,106,881       30,252,873       30,310,053       30,327,802  
Diluted
    30,891,227       31,088,428       31,024,455       31,038,088  
 
(1)   No dividends were paid during the periods presented.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
     Not applicable.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
     Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
     (a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act and are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
     (b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
     Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
     We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
    pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
 
    provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
 
    provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
     Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
     We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment, we believe that as of December 31, 2009, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
     Our independent registered public accounting firm, Grant Thornton LLP, audited our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009 and their report dated March 3, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on our internal control over financial reporting and is included in this Item 9A.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and
Shareholders of Credit Acceptance Corporation
We have audited Credit Acceptance Corporation (a Michigan Corporation) and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Credit Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on Credit Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Credit Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries’ maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Credit Acceptance Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009 and our report dated March 3, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Southfield, Michigan
March 3, 2010

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
     Information is contained under the captions “Matters to Come Before the Meeting – Election of Directors” (excluding the “Report of the Audit Committee”) and “Section 16 (a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
     Information is contained under the caption “Compensation of Executive Officers” (excluding the “Report of the Executive Compensation Committee”) in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
     Information is contained under the caption “Common Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
     Our Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), which was approved by shareholders on May 13, 2004, provides for the granting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, and performance awards to team members, officers, and directors. We also have two stock option plans pursuant to which we have granted stock options with time or performance-based vesting requirements to team members, officers, and directors. Our 1992 Stock Option Plan (the “1992 Plan”) was approved by shareholders in 1992 prior to our initial public offering and was terminated as to future grants on May 13, 2004, when shareholders approved the Incentive Plan. Our Director Stock Option Plan (the “Director Plan”) was approved by shareholders in 2002 and was terminated as to future grants on May 13, 2004, with shareholder approval of the Incentive Plan.
     The following table sets forth, with respect to each of the equity compensation plans, (1) the number of shares of common stock to be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options or restricted stock units, (2) the weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, and (3) the number of shares remaining available for future issuance, as of December 31, 2009:
                         
                    Number of shares  
    Number of shares to be             remaining available for  
    issued upon exercise of     Weighted-average     future issuance under  
    outstanding options,     exercise price of     equity compensation  
Plan Category   warrants and rights     outstanding options     plans (a)  
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders:
                       
1992 Plan
    608,564     $ 9.75        
Director Plan
    100,000       17.25        
Incentive Plan
    768,250               362,283  
 
                 
Total
    1,476,814     $ 10.81       362,283  
 
                   
 
(a)   For additional information regarding our equity compensation plans, see Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
     Information is contained under the caption “Certain Relationships and Transactions” and “Matters to Come Before the Meeting – Election of Directors – Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
     Information is contained under the caption “Independent Accountants” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
  (a)(1)   The following consolidated financial statements of the Company and Report of Independent Public Accountants are contained in Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
      Report of Independent Public Accountants
 
      Consolidated Financial Statements:
    Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2009 and 2008
 
    Consolidated Income Statements for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007
 
    Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007
 
    Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007
      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
  (2)   Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or are not required or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.
 
  (3)   The Exhibits filed in response to Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
  CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
 
 
  By:   /s/ BRETT A. ROBERTS    
    Brett A. Roberts   
    Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
Date: March 3, 2010
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on March 3, 2010 on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
     
Signature   Title
   
/s/ BRETT A. ROBERTS
  Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
   
Brett A. Roberts
  (Principal Executive Officer)
 
   
/s/ KENNETH S. BOOTH
  Chief Financial Officer
 
   
Kenneth S. Booth
  (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
 
   
/s/ GLENDA J. CHAMBERLAIN
  Director
 
   
Glenda J. Chamberlain
   
 
   
/s/ DONALD A. FOSS
  Director and Chairman of the Board
 
   
Donald A. Foss
   
 
   
/s/ THOMAS N. TRYFOROS
  Director
 
   
Thomas N. Tryforos
   
 
   
/s/ SCOTT J. VASSALLUZZO
  Director
 
   
Scott J. Vassalluzzo
   

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EXHIBIT INDEX
     The following documents are filed as part of this report. Those exhibits previously filed and incorporated herein by reference are identified below. Exhibits not required for this report have been omitted. The Company’s commission file number is 000-20202.
             
Exhibit            
No.           Description
 
3(a)(1)
    1     Articles of Incorporation, as amended July 1, 1997.
 
           
3(b)
    2     Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended, February 24, 2005.
 
           
4(c)(19)
    3     Amendment No. 1, dated September 20, 2006, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of February 7, 2006, among the Company, the Lenders which are parties thereto from time to time and Comerica Bank as administrative agent.
 
           
4(c)(20)
    3     Amendment No. 2, dated January 19, 2007, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of February 7, 2006, among the Company, the Lenders which are parties thereto from time to time and Comerica Bank as administrative agent.
 
           
4(c)(21)
    3     Amendment No. 3, dated June 14, 2007, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of February 7, 2006, among the Company, the Lenders which are parties thereto from time to time and Comerica Bank as administrative agent.
 
           
4(c)(22)
    4     Amendment No. 4, dated January 25, 2008, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of February 7, 2006, among the Company, the Lenders which are parties thereto from time to time and Comerica Bank as administrative agent.
 
           
4(f)(40)
    5     Second Amendment, dated as of June 10, 2002, to the Intercreditor Agreement dated as of December 15, 1998, among Comerica Bank, as collateral agent, and various lenders and note holders.
 
           
4(f)(53)
    6     Contribution Agreement, dated September 30, 2003, between the Company and CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II.
 
           
4(f)(55)
    6     Back-Up Servicing Agreement, dated September 30, 2003, among the Company, Systems & Services Technologies, Inc., Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, and CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II.
 
           
4(f)(67)
    7     The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, between the Company, the Lenders which are parties thereto from time to time, Comerica Bank, as administrative agent, and Banc of America Securities LLC as sole lead arranger and sole book manager.
 
           
4(f)(68)
    7     Third Amended and Restated Security Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, between the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and Comerica Bank, as agent.
 
           
4(f)(77)
    8     Certificate Funding Agreement, dated September 20, 2006, between the Company, Credit Acceptance Residual Funding LLC, Wachovia Bank, National Association, Variable Funding Capital Company LLC and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC.
 
           
4(f)(78)
    9     Indenture, dated November 21, 2006, between Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2006-2 and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas.
 
           
4(f)(79)
    9     Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated November 21, 2006, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2006-2, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2006-2, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, N.A., and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(80)
    9     Backup Servicing Agreement, dated November 21, 2006, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2006-2, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2006-2, Systems & Services Technologies, Inc., Radian Asset Assurance Inc., XL Capital Assurance Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas.
 
           
4(f)(81)
    9     Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated November 21, 2006, between Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2006-2 and U.S. Bank Trust National Association.
 
           
4(f)(82)
    9     Contribution Agreement, dated November 21, 2006, between the Company and Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2006-2.

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Exhibit            
No.           Description
 
4(f)(87)
    10     Indenture, dated April 12, 2007, between Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-1 and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(88)
    10     Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated April 12, 2007, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-1, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-1 and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(89)
    10     Backup Servicing Agreement, dated April 12, 2007, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-1, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-1, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and XL Capital Assurance Inc.
 
           
4(f)(90)
    10     Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated April 12, 2007, between Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-1 and U.S. Bank Trust National Association.
 
           
4(f)(91)
    10     Contribution Agreement, dated April 12, 2007, between the Company and Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-1.
 
           
4(f)(93)
    11     Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated August 31, 2007, between the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, Wachovia Bank, National Association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Variable Funding Capital Company, LLC, Park Avenue Receivables Company, LLC, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(94)
    12     Amendment No. 1, dated September 11, 2007, to the Certificate Funding Agreement dated as of September 20, 2006, between the Company, Credit Acceptance Residual Funding LLC, Wachovia Bank, National Association, Variable Funding Capital Company LLC and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC.
 
           
4(f)(95)
    13     Indenture, dated October 29, 2007, between Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-2 and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(96)
    13     Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated October 29, 2007, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-2, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-2 and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(97)
    13     Backup Servicing Agreement, dated October 29, 2007, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-2, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-2, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and XL Capital Assurance Inc.
 
           
4(f)(98)
    13     Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated October 29, 2007, between Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-2 and U.S. Bank Trust National Association.
 
           
4(f)(99)
    13     Contribution Agreement, dated October 29, 2007, between the Company and Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-2.
 
           
4(f)(100)
    14     Amendment No. 1, dated December 21, 2007, to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 31, 2007, between the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, Wachovia Bank, National Association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Variable Funding Capital Company, LLC, Park Avenue Receivables Company, LLC, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(101)
    15     Amendment No. 2 dated as of February 13, 2008, to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2007, among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, Wachovia Bank, National Association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Variable Funding Capital Company, LLC, Park Avenue Receivables Company LLC, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(102)
    16     New Bank Addendum, dated as of February 26, 2008, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, by and among the Company, the Banks and Comerica Bank, as Agent for the Banks.
 
           
4(f)(103)
    17     Indenture dated April 18, 2008 between Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2008-1 and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(104)
    17     Sale and Servicing Agreement dated April 18, 2008 among the Company, Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2008-1, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.

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Exhibit            
No.           Description
 
4(f)(105)
    17     Backup Servicing Agreement dated April 18, 2008 among the Company, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1, Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2008-1, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(106)
    17     Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated April 18, 2008 between Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1 and U.S. Bank Trust National Association.
 
           
4(f)(107)
    17     Contribution Agreement dated April 18, 2008 between the Company and Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1.
 
           
4(f)(109)
    18     Loan and Security Agreement dated May 23, 2008 among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC, Fifth Third Bank, Relationship Funding Company, LLC and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(110)
    18     Backup Servicing Agreement dated May 23, 2008 among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC, Fifth Third Bank and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(111)
    18     Contribution Agreement dated May 23, 2008 between the Company and CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC.
 
           
4(f)(112)
    18     Intercreditor Agreement dated May 23, 2008 among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2006-2, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2006-2, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-1, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-1, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2007-2, Credit Acceptance Auto Dealer Loan Trust 2007-2, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1, Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2008-1, CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, as agent, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent, Comerica Bank, as agent, and Fifth Third Bank, as agent.
 
           
4(f)(113)
    19     Amendment No. 4 as of August 27, 2008, to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2007 among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, Wachovia Bank, National Association, Variable Funding Capital Company, LLC, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(114)
    19     Second Amendment dated as of August 27, 2008, to the Certificate Funding Agreement dated September 20, 2006, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Residual Funding LLC, Wachovia Bank, National Association, Variable Funding Capital Company LLC, and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC.
 
           
4(f)(115)
    20     Amendment No. 3 dated as of July 10, 2008, to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2007, among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, Wachovia Bank, National Association, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Variable Funding Capital Company, LLC, Park Avenue Receivables Company LLC, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and Systems & Services Technologies, Inc.
 
           
4(f)(116)
    20     Third Amendment, dated as of July 31, 2008, to Intercreditor Agreement dated as of December 15, 1998, among Comerica Bank, as collateral agent, and various lenders and note holders.
 
           
4(f)(117)
    20     Fifth Amendment, dated as of July 31, 2008, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, between the Company, the Banks which are parties thereto from time to time, and Comerica Bank as Administrative Agent for the Banks.
 
           
4(f)(118)
    21     First Amendment, dated as of November 21, 2008, to the Third Amended and Restated Security Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, between the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and Comerica Bank, as agent.

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Exhibit            
No.           Description
 
4(f)(119)
    21     Sixth Amendment, dated as of December 9, 2008, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, between the Company, the Banks which are parties thereto from time to time, and Comerica Bank as Administrative Agent for the Banks.
 
           
4(f)(120)
    22     Seventh Amendment, dated as of June 15, 2009, to Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, between the Company, the Banks which are parties thereto from time to time, and Comerica Bank as Administrative Agent for the Banks.
 
           
4(f)(121)
    23     Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2009 among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, Wachovia Bank, National Association, Variable Funding Capital Company LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(122)
    24     First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2009 among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC, Fifth Third Bank and Relationship Funding Company, LLC.
 
           
4(f)(123)
    25     Indenture, dated December 3, 2009, between Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2009-1 and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(124)
    25     Sale and Servicing Agreement dated December 3, 2009, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2009-1, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2009-1, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(125)
    25     Backup Servicing Agreement dated December 3, 2009, among the Company, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2009-1, Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2009-1, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
 
           
4(f)(126)
    25     Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated December 3, 2009, between Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2009-1 and U.S. Bank Trust National Association.
 
           
4(f)(127)
    25     Sale and Contribution Agreement dated December 3, 2009, between the Company and Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2009-1.
 
           
4(f)(128)
    25     Intercreditor Agreement dated December 3, 2009, among the Company, CAC Warehouse Funding Corporation II, CAC Warehouse Funding III, LLC, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2008-1, Credit Acceptance Funding LLC 2009-1, Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2008-1, Credit Acceptance Auto Loan Trust 2009-1, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as agent, Fifth Third Bank, as agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent, and Comerica Bank, as agent.
 
           
4(f)(129)
    26     Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2010, among the Company, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.
 
           
4(f)(130)
    26     Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 1, 2010, among the Company, Buyers Vehicle Protection Plan, Inc., Vehicle Remarketing Services, Inc. and the representative of the initial purchasers of the Company’s 9.125% First Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2017.
 
           
4(f)(131)
    26     Ninth Amendment, dated as of February 1, 2010, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, among the Company, the lenders which are parties thereto from time to time and Comerica Bank, as administrative agent.
 
           
4(f)(132)
    26     Fourth Amended and Restated Security Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2010, among the Company, the other Debtors party thereto and Comerica Bank, as collateral agent.
 
           
4(f)(133)
    42     Eighth Amendment, dated as of October 20, 2009, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, between the Company, the Banks which are parties thereto from time to time, and Comerica Bank as Administrative Agent for the Banks.
 
           
4(g)(2)
    27     Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of December 15, 1998, among Comerica Bank, as collateral agent, and various lenders and note holders.

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Exhibit            
No.           Description
 
4(g)(5)
    28     First Amendment, dated as of March 30, 2001, to the Intercreditor Agreement dated as of December 15, 1998, among Comerica Bank, as collateral agent, and various lenders and note holders.
 
           
4(g)(6)
    26     Amended and Restated Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2010, among Credit Acceptance Corporation, the other Grantors party thereto, representatives of the Secured Parties thereunder and Comerica Bank, as administrative agent under the Original Credit Agreement (as defined therein) and as collateral agent.
 
           
Note:
          Other instruments, notes or extracts from agreements defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company or its subsidiaries have not been filed because (i) in each case the total amount of long-term debt permitted there under does not exceed 10% of the Company’s consolidated assets and (ii) the Company hereby agrees that it will furnish such instruments, notes and extracts to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request
 
           
10(d)(9)
    29     Form of Servicing Agreement, as of April 2003.
 
           
10(d)(10)
    30     Purchase Program Agreement Recitals, as of April 2007.
 
           
10(f)(4)*
    31     Credit Acceptance Corporation 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated May 1999.
 
           
10(p)
    32     Credit Acceptance Corporation Director Stock Option Plan.
 
           
10(q)*
    33     Credit Acceptance Corporation Incentive Compensation Plan, effective April 1, 2004.
 
           
10(q)(2)*
    34     Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement.
 
           
10(q)(3)*
    35     Incentive Compensation Bonus Formula for 2005.
 
           
10(q)(4)*
    36     Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement, dated February 22, 2007.
 
           
10(q)(5)*
    36     Credit Acceptance Corporation Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated February 22, 2007.
 
           
10(q)(6)*
    37     Credit Acceptance Corporation Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated October 2, 2008.
 
           
10(q)(7)*
    38     Credit Acceptance Corporation Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated November 13, 2008.
 
           
10(q)(8)*
    38     Credit Acceptance Corporation Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated November 13, 2008.
 
           
10(q)(9)*
    39     Credit Acceptance Corporation Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated March 27, 2009.
 
           
10(q)(10)*
    40     Credit Acceptance Corporation Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended, April 6, 2009.
 
           
10(q)(11)*
    41     Form of Credit Acceptance Corporation Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.
 
           
10(q)(12)*
    41     Form of Credit Acceptance Corporation Board of Directors Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.
 
           
21(1)(a)
    42     Schedule of Credit Acceptance Corporation Subsidiaries.
 
           
23(a)
    42     Consent of Grant Thornton LLP.
 
           
31(a)
    42     Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act.
 
           
31(b)
    42     Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act.
 
           
32(a)
    42     Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
           
32(b)
    42     Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
*   Management compensatory contracts and arrangements.

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1   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1997, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
2   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
3   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 19, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
4   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
5   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
6   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
7   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 10, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
8   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 22, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
9   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 27, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
10   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 18, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
11   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 7, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
12   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 13, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
13   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 2, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
14   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 27, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
15   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 15, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
16   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 3, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
17   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 24, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
18   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 2, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

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19   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 29, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
20   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
21   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
22   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 18, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
23   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 27, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
24   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
25   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 9, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
26   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 5, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
27   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 1998, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
28   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
29   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
30   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
31   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1999, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
32   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
33   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
34   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 2, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
35   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 4, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
36   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 28, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
37   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 7, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

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38   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 19, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
39   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 2, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
40   Previously filed as Annex A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, dated April 10, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
41   Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
 
42   Filed herewith.

91