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8-K - FORM 8-K - US AIRWAYS GROUP INC | c93237e8vk.htm |
EX-99.3 - EXHIBIT 99.3 - US AIRWAYS GROUP INC | c93237exv99w3.htm |
EX-99.1 - EXHIBIT 99.1 - US AIRWAYS GROUP INC | c93237exv99w1.htm |
EX-23.1 - EXHIBIT 23.1 - US AIRWAYS GROUP INC | c93237exv23w1.htm |
Exhibit 99.2
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
As further discussed in Note 1 to US Airways Groups consolidated financial statements, the
consolidated financial statements for each period presented, as well as financial information in
the following discussion, have been adjusted for the retrospective application of Financial
Accounting Standards Board Staff Position No. APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt
Instruments That May Be Settled In Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) and
for the reclassification of certain amounts from employee benefit liabilities and other to deferred
gains and credits, net, both captions of which are included within total noncurrent liabilities and
deferred credits on the consolidated balance sheets and consistent with the reclassification
disclosed in US Airways Groups Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2009.
The financial information contained in the discussion below reflects only the adjustments described
in Note 1 to US Airways Groups consolidated financial statements and does not reflect events
occurring after February 18, 2009, the date of the original filing of US Airways Groups 2008
Annual Report on Form 10-K, or modify or update those disclosures that may have been affected by
subsequent events.
Background
US Airways Group, a Delaware corporation, is a holding company whose primary business activity
is the operation of a major network air carrier through its wholly owned subsidiaries US Airways,
Piedmont, PSA, MSC and AAL. On May 19, 2005, US Airways Group signed a merger agreement with
America West Holdings pursuant to which America West Holdings merged with a wholly owned subsidiary
of US Airways Group. The merger agreement was amended by a letter of agreement on July 7, 2005. The
merger became effective upon US Airways Groups emergence from bankruptcy on September 27, 2005.
We operate the fifth largest airline in the United States as measured by domestic mainline
RPMs and ASMs. We have primary hubs in Charlotte, Philadelphia and Phoenix and secondary hubs/focus
cities in New York, Washington, D.C., Boston and Las Vegas. We offer scheduled passenger service on
more than 3,100 flights daily to 200 communities in the United States, Canada, Europe, the
Caribbean and Latin America. We also have an established East Coast route network, including the US
Airways Shuttle service, with a substantial presence at capacity constrained airports including New
Yorks LaGuardia Airport and the Washington, D.C. areas Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
We had approximately 55 million passengers boarding our mainline flights in 2008. As of
December 31, 2008, we operated 354 mainline jets and are supported by our regional airline
subsidiaries and affiliates operating as US Airways Express either under capacity purchase or
prorate agreements, which operate approximately 238 regional jets and 74 turboprops.
2008 Overview
Industry Environment
In 2008, the U.S. airline industry faced an extraordinarily challenging environment. Airlines
incurred significant losses as they faced staggering increases in the price of fuel throughout most
of 2008. The quarterly average cost per barrel of oil below depicts the runaway nature of fuel
prices during 2008:
First Quarter | Second Quarter | Third Quarter | Fourth Quarter | |||||||||||||
2008 |
$ | 98 | $ | 124 | $ | 118 | $ | 59 | ||||||||
2007 |
58 | 65 | 75 | 90 | ||||||||||||
Period over period increase (decrease) |
68 | % | 91 | % | 57 | % | (35 | %) |
Given the industry capacity levels and continued intense competition, U.S. airlines were
unable to sufficiently raise ticket prices to cover their largest cost item, jet fuel. As a result,
most U.S. airlines were generating sizeable losses. These factors served as a catalyst for some
airlines to take the following unprecedented measures to support growth in ticket prices and
preserve liquidity:
| Substantial capacity reductions. Domestic ASMs are expected to be down approximately 10%
in 2009 as compared to 2008 for the U.S. airline industry. These capacity cuts are expected
to minimize the impact of reduced passenger demand on revenue, reduce costs and minimize
cash burn. |
| Development and implementation of new revenue initiatives to supplement existing sources
of revenue. |
||
| Implementation of cost containment strategies to minimize non-essential expenditures and
conserve cash. |
||
| Enhancement of near-term liquidity through a number of cash-raising initiatives such as
traditional capital market issuances, asset sales, sale and leaseback transactions and
prepaid sales of miles to affinity card issuers. |
The then rapid and severe increases in fuel prices, which appeared to have no end as oil hit
an all time high of $147 per barrel in July 2008, prompted some airlines to contain costs by
increasing their fuel hedge positions. With the industry facing a liquidity crisis, many airlines
hedge positions took the form of no premium collars and swaps, as the cost of traditional call
options to lock in fuel cost became too expensive due to the volatility in oil prices. By the end
of the third quarter, the rapid climb in oil prices was quickly replaced by an equally rapid
decline in oil prices, driven by a global economic downturn. While the industry welcomed relief in
the price of fuel, hedges entered into earlier in the year, ahead of fuels rapid decline,
generated losses and a near term drain on liquidity as airlines were forced to post significant
amounts of collateral with their fuel hedging counterparties.
As the industry enters 2009, moderating oil prices are expected to offset at least some of the
effects on passenger demand of the corresponding weakening economy. Additionally, we believe the
unprecedented industry actions described above to reduce capacity, support ticket prices and
implement new sources of revenue will further mitigate the impacts of the economic downturn.
US Airways Response
As described above, the industry was profoundly challenged by the economic environment in
2008. We participated in the industrys response to the then record high fuel prices and took
action to operate a strong and competitive airline by implementing initiatives as discussed below.
Capacity and Fleet Reductions
We reduced our fourth quarter 2008 total mainline capacity by 5.9% and our Express capacity by
1.3% on a year-over-year basis. In addition, we plan to reduce our total mainline 2009 capacity by
four to six percent and our Express capacity by five to seven percent from 2008 levels. We
anticipate that these capacity reductions will enable us to minimize the impact of reduced
passenger demand on revenue and reduce costs.
We have taken the following steps to achieve our capacity reduction goals:
| Fleet Reduction: We announced the return of ten aircraft to lessors, which included six
Boeing 737-300 aircraft returned in 2008 and early 2009 as well as four Airbus A320 aircraft
to be returned in the first half of 2009. We have also cancelled the leases of two A330-200
wide-body aircraft that had been scheduled for delivery in the second half of 2009. Further,
we plan to reduce additional aircraft in 2009 and 2010. |
||
| Las Vegas Flight Reduction: We closed our Las Vegas night operation, except for limited
night service to the East Coast, in early September 2008. In the current environment, the
revenue generated from the Las Vegas night operation no longer exceeded the incremental cost
of that flying. Overall, daily departures from Las Vegas, which were as high as 141 during
September 2007, have been reduced to 77 as of the end of 2008. |
New Revenue Initiatives
We implemented several new revenue initiatives in 2008 in order to generate additional
revenue. These include a first and second checked bag service fee, a new beverage purchase program,
processing fees for travel awards issued through our Dividend Miles frequent traveler program, our
new Choice Seats program, increases to the cost of call center/airport ticketing fees and increases
to certain preexisting service fees. We anticipate that these new services and fees will generate
in excess of $400 million annually in additional revenue.
2
Cost Control
We remain committed to maintaining a low cost structure, which we believe is necessary in an
industry whose economic prospects are heavily dependent upon two variables we cannot control: the
health of the economy and the price of fuel. As a result of our capacity reductions and our
commitment to exercise tight cost controls, the following cost initiatives were completed in 2008:
| Employee Reduction: As a result of the reduced flying, we required approximately 2,200
fewer positions across the system, including approximately 300 pilots, 400 flight
attendants, 800 airport employees and 700 non-union administrative management and staff.
These headcount reductions were implemented through a combination of voluntary and
involuntary furloughs and attrition. |
||
| Reduced Capital Expenditures: We reduced our 2008 planned non-aircraft capital
expenditures by $80 million, while maintaining critical operational projects such as our
Reliability, Convenience and Appearance (RCA) initiative, which includes cabin
refurbishments, improved and additional check-in kiosks, airport club refurbishments,
facility upgrades, new gate reading technology and the completion of our next generation
website. |
||
| Closed Certain Facilities: The US Airways Club in the Baltimore/Washington International
Airport, arrivals lounges in Munich, Rome and Zurich, and cargo stations in Burbank,
Colorado Springs and Reno were closed during 2008. |
||
| Reduced Partner Costs: We have revised our wholesale programs for cruise lines, tour
operators and consolidators, which included the reduction of the number of agency partners,
decreased discounts, tighter restrictions on travel rules, and a reduction in commissions. |
Most importantly, we controlled costs by running a good operation. We dramatically improved
our on-time performance and mishandled baggage ratio. For the year 2008, our 80.1% on-time
performance ranked first among the big six hub and spoke carriers and second among the ten largest
U.S. airlines as measured by the DOTs Consumer Air Travel Report. See the Customer Service
section below for further discussion.
Liquidity
In 2008, we took the following actions to improve our liquidity position:
| In August 2008, we completed an underwritten public stock offering of 19 million common
shares, as well as the full exercise of 2.85 million common shares included in an
overallotment option, at an offering price of $8.50 per share. Net proceeds from the
offering, after underwriting discounts and commissions, were $179 million. We used the
proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes. |
||
| On October 20, 2008, we completed a series of financial transactions which raised
approximately $810 million in gross proceeds and included a $400 million paydown at par of
our $1.6 billion credit facility administered by Citicorp North America. In exchange for
this prepayment, the unrestricted cash covenant contained in the Citicorp credit facility
was reduced from $1.25 billion to $850 million. The credit facilitys term remained the same
at seven years with substantially all of the remaining principal amount payable at maturity
in March 2014. Our net proceeds after transaction fees were approximately $370 million. |
||
| On December 5, 2008, we prepaid $100 million of the indebtedness incurred in October 2008
related to a loan secured by certain spare parts. On January 16, 2009, we exercised our
right to obtain new loan commitments under the same agreement and raised $50 million. |
In addition, to plan for a highly cyclical and volatile industry, we had already refinanced
$1.6 billion of debt during 2007. This improved our liquidity by extending the due dates of
principal payments.
3
As of December 31, 2008, our cash, cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and
restricted cash were $1.97 billion, of which $1.24 billion was unrestricted. This compares to
December 31, 2007, when we had cash, cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and
restricted cash of $3 billion, of which $2.53 billion was unrestricted. The components of our cash
and investments balances as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows (in millions):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in marketable securities |
$ | 1,054 | $ | 2,174 | ||||
Short and long-term restricted cash |
726 | 468 | ||||||
Long-term investments in marketable securities |
187 | 353 | ||||||
Total cash, cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and restricted cash |
$ | 1,967 | $ | 2,995 | ||||
The 2008 financing transactions described above, which, net of paydowns, contributed $450
million to our unrestricted liquidity position, were more than offset by the following:
| Cash used in operations to fund losses resulting from record high fuel costs in 2008. |
||
| $461 million that we posted in collateral in the form of $276 million of cash deposits
and $185 million in restricted cash related to letters of credit collateralizing certain
counterparties to our fuel hedging transactions. |
||
| $430 million in cash, net of debt financings, for the acquisition of new aircraft along
with non-aircraft capital expenditures to support our RCA initiatives. |
||
| Additional holdback requirements, reflected in the increase in restricted cash, by
certain credit card processors for advance ticket sales for which we have not yet provided
air transportation. |
Our long-term investments in marketable securities consist of investments in auction rate
securities. During 2008, we recorded a decline in the fair value of our auction rate securities of
$166 million due to the significant deterioration in the financial markets in 2008. See Liquidity
and Capital Resources for further discussion of our investments in auction rate securities.
Current Financial Results and Outlook
The net loss for 2008 was $2.22 billion or a loss of $22.11 per share. The average mainline
and Express price per gallon of fuel increased 44.1% to $3.18 in 2008 from $2.21 in 2007. As a
result, our mainline and Express fuel expense in 2008 was $4.76 billion, an increase of $1.36
billion or 40.1% higher than 2007 on 1% lower capacity. Our mainline and Express fuel costs during
2008 represented 34% of our total operating expenses.
The 2008 results included $356 million of net losses associated with fuel hedging
transactions. This included $496 million of net unrealized losses resulting from the application of
mark-to-market accounting for changes in the fair value of fuel hedging instruments, offset by $140
million of net realized gains on settled fuel hedge transactions. At December 31, 2008, we have no
premium collar fuel hedge transactions in place with respect to 14% of our 2009 projected mainline
and Express fuel requirements at a weighted average collar range of $3.41 to $3.61 per gallon of
heating oil or $131.15 to $139.55 per barrel of estimated crude oil equivalent. Since the third
quarter of 2008, we have not entered into any new transactions as part of our fuel hedging program
due to the impact collateral requirements could have on our liquidity resulting from the
significant decline in the price of oil and counterparty credit risk arising from global economic
uncertainty.
The 2008 results also included a non-cash charge of $622 million to write off all of the
goodwill created by the merger of US Airways Group and America West Holdings in September 2005. The
goodwill impairment charge is discussed in more detail under Critical Accounting Policies and
Estimates. We also recorded a $214 million non-cash charge for the other than temporary impairment
of our investments in auction rate securities due to the extended period of time that the fair
values have been less than cost, which included the $166 million decline in 2008 discussed above as
well as $48 million of previously deemed temporary declines recorded to other comprehensive income
now deemed other than temporary. See Liquidity and Capital Resources for further discussion of
our investments in marketable securities.
While the impact of the weakening economic environment on future passenger demand remains
uncertain, we believe that the current decline in aviation fuel prices will offset at least some of
the potential impacts. We estimate that a one cent per gallon decrease in fuel prices results in a
$14 million decrease in our annual fuel expense. As discussed above, we have taken numerous actions
to increase revenue, reduce costs and preserve liquidity. We believe these actions have positioned
us well for a difficult global economy in 2009.
4
Customer Service
We are committed to running a successful airline. One of the important ways we do this is by
taking care of our customers. We believe that our focus on excellent customer service in every
aspect of our operations, including personnel, flight equipment, inflight and ancillary amenities,
on-time performance, flight completion ratios and baggage handling, will strengthen customer
loyalty and attract new customers.
Throughout 2007 and 2008, we implemented several ongoing initiatives to improve operational
performance, including lengthening the operating day at our hubs, lowering utilization, increasing
the number of designated spare aircraft in order to ensure operational reliability and implementing
new baggage handling software and handheld baggage scanners. The implementation of these
initiatives along with other performance improvement initiatives resulted in an improved trend in
operational performance.
For the year 2008, our 80.1% on-time performance ranked first among the big six hub and spoke
carriers and second among the ten largest U.S. airlines as measured by the DOTs Consumer Air
Travel Report. In addition, our mishandled baggage ratio per 1,000 passengers improved dramatically
to 4.77, representing more than a 40% improvement from our 2007 rate of 8.47. Our rate of customer
complaints filed with the DOT per 100,000 passengers also improved, decreasing to 2.01 in 2008 from
3.16 in 2007.
We reported the following combined operating statistics to the DOT for mainline operations for
the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
Full Year | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
On-time performance (a) |
80.1 | 68.7 | 76.9 | |||||||||
Completion factor (b) |
98.5 | 98.2 | 98.9 | |||||||||
Mishandled baggage (c) |
4.77 | 8.47 | 7.88 | |||||||||
Customer complaints (d) |
2.01 | 3.16 | 1.36 |
(a) | Percentage of reported flight operations arriving on time as defined by the DOT. |
|
(b) | Percentage of scheduled flight operations completed. |
|
(c) | Rate of mishandled baggage reports per 1,000 passengers. |
|
(d) | Rate of customer complaints filed with the DOT per 100,000 passengers. |
5
US Airways Groups Results of Operations
In 2008, we realized an operating loss of $1.8 billion and a loss before income taxes of
$2.22 billion. The 2008 loss was driven by record high fuel prices as the average mainline and
Express price per gallon of fuel was 44.1% higher in 2008 as compared to 2007. Our 2008 results
were also impacted by recognition of the following items:
| a $622 million non-cash charge to write off all of the goodwill created by the merger of
US Airways Group and America West Holdings in September 2005. |
||
| $214 million in other than temporary non-cash impairment charges included in nonoperating
expense for our investments in auction rate securities primarily driven by the length of
time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost for these securities. |
||
| $496 million of net unrealized losses resulting from the application of mark-to-market
accounting for changes in the fair value of fuel hedging instruments, offset by $140 million
of net realized gains on settled fuel hedge transactions. The net unrealized losses were
primarily driven by the significant decrease in the price of oil in the latter part of 2008.
We are required to use mark-to-market accounting as our existing fuel hedging instruments do
not meet the requirements for hedge accounting established by SFAS No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. If these instruments had qualified for hedge
accounting treatment, any unrealized gains or losses, including the $496 million discussed
above, would have been deferred in other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders
equity, until the jet fuel is purchased and the underlying fuel hedging instrument is
settled. Given the market volatility of jet fuel, the fair value of these fuel hedging
instruments is expected to change until settled. |
||
| $76 million of net special charges, consisting of $35 million of merger related
transition expenses, $18 million in non-cash charges related to the decline in fair value of
certain spare parts associated with our Boeing 737 aircraft fleet and as a result of our
capacity reductions, $14 million in lease return costs and penalties related to certain
Airbus aircraft and $9 million in severance charges. |
||
| $8 million in gains on forgiveness of debt, offset by $7 million in write offs of debt
discount and debt issuance costs due to the refinancing of certain aircraft equipment notes
and certain loan prepayments in connection with our 2008 financing transactions, all
included in nonoperating expense. |
In 2007, we realized operating income of $533 million and income before income taxes of $430
million. Our 2007 results were impacted by recognition of the following items:
| $187 million of net unrealized gains resulting from the application of mark-to-market
accounting for changes in the fair value of fuel hedging instruments as well as $58 million
of net realized gains on settled fuel hedge transactions. |
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| $99 million of net special charges due to merger related transition expenses. |
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| a $99 million charge for an increase to long-term disability obligations for US Airways
pilots as a result of a change in the FAA mandated retirement age for pilots from 60 to 65. |
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| $7 million in tax credits due to an IRS rule change allowing us to recover certain fuel
usage tax amounts for years 2003-2006, $9 million of insurance settlement proceeds related
to business interruption and property damages incurred as a result of Hurricane Katrina in
2005 and a $5 million Piedmont pilot pension curtailment gain related to the FAA mandated
pilot retirement age change discussed above. These gains were offset in part by $5 million
in charges related to reduced flying from Pittsburgh. |
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| an $18 million write off of debt issuance costs in connection with the refinancing of the
$1.25 billion GE loan in March 2007 and $10 million in other than temporary impairment
charges for our investments in auction rate securities, offset by a $17 million gain
recognized on the sale of stock in ARINC Incorporated, all included in nonoperating expense. |
6
In 2006, we realized operating income of $558 million and income before income taxes and
cumulative effect of change in accounting principle of $386 million. Our 2006 results were impacted
by recognition of the following items:
| $70 million of net unrealized losses resulting from the application of mark-to-market
accounting for changes in the fair value of fuel hedging instruments as well as $9 million
of net realized losses on settled fuel hedge transactions. |
||
| $27 million of net special charges, consisting of $131 million of merger related
transition expenses, offset by a $90 million credit related to the restructuring of the then
existing Airbus aircraft order and $14 million of credits related to the settlement of
certain bankruptcy-related claims. |
||
| $6 million of expense related to prepayment penalties and $5 million in accelerated
amortization of debt issuance costs in connection with the refinancing of the loan
previously guaranteed by the ATSB and two loans previously provided to AWA by GECC,
$17 million in payments in connection with the inducement to convert $70 million of the
7% Senior Convertible Notes to common stock and a $14 million write off of debt discount and
issuance costs associated with those converted notes, offset by $8 million of interest
income earned by AWA on certain prior year federal income tax refunds, all included in
nonoperating expense. |
We reported a loss in 2008, which increased our net operating loss carryforwards (NOL), and
have not recorded a tax provision for 2008. As of December 31, 2008, we have approximately
$1.49 billion of gross NOL to reduce future federal taxable income. Of this amount, approximately
$1.44 billion is available to reduce federal taxable income in the calendar year 2009. The NOL
expires during the years 2022 through 2028. Our deferred tax asset, which includes $1.41 billion of
the NOL discussed above, has been subject to a full valuation allowance. We also have approximately
$77 million of tax-effected state NOL at December 31, 2008.
At December 31, 2008, the federal valuation allowance is $564 million, all of which will
reduce future tax expense when recognized. The state valuation allowance is $82 million, of which
$58 million was established through the recognition of tax expense. The remaining $24 million was
established in purchase accounting. Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted SFAS No. 141R, Business
Combinations. In accordance with SFAS No. 141R, all future decreases in the valuation allowance
established in purchase accounting will be recognized as a reduction in tax expense. In addition,
we have $23 million and $2 million, respectively, of unrealized federal and state tax benefit
related to amounts recorded in other comprehensive income.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we utilized NOL to reduce our income tax obligation.
Utilization of this NOL results in a corresponding decrease in the valuation allowance. As this
valuation allowance was established through the recognition of tax expense, the decrease in
valuation allowance offsets our tax provision dollar for dollar. We recognized $7 million of
non-cash state income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2007, as we utilized NOL that was
generated by US Airways prior to the merger. As this was acquired NOL, the decrease in the
valuation allowance associated with this NOL reduced goodwill instead of the provision for income
taxes.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we recognized $85 million of non-cash income tax
expense, as we utilized NOL that was generated by US Airways prior to the merger. We also recorded
Alternative Minimum Tax liability (AMT) tax expense of $10 million. In most cases, the
recognition of AMT does not result in tax expense. However, as discussed above, since our NOL was
subject to a full valuation allowance, any liability for AMT is recorded as tax expense. We also
recorded $2 million of state income tax provision in 2006 related to certain states where NOL was
not available to be used.
7
The table below sets forth our selected mainline operating data:
Percent | Percent | |||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2008-2007 | 2007-2006 | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue passenger miles (millions) (a) |
60,570 | 61,262 | 60,689 | (1.1 | ) | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||
Available seat miles (millions) (b) |
74,151 | 75,842 | 76,983 | (2.2 | ) | (1.5 | ) | |||||||||||||
Passenger load factor (percent) (c) |
81.7 | 80.8 | 78.8 | 0.9 | pts | 2.0 | pts | |||||||||||||
Yield (cents) (d) |
13.51 | 13.28 | 13.13 | 1.7 | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||
Passenger revenue per available seat mile (cents) (e) |
11.04 | 10.73 | 10.35 | 2.9 | 3.7 | |||||||||||||||
Operating cost per available seat mile (cents) (f) |
14.66 | 11.30 | 10.96 | 29.7 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||||
Passenger enplanements (thousands) (g) |
54,820 | 57,871 | 57,345 | (5.3 | ) | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||
Departures (thousands) |
496 | 525 | 542 | (5.5 | ) | (3.1 | ) | |||||||||||||
Aircraft at end of period |
354 | 356 | 359 | (0.6 | ) | (0.8 | ) | |||||||||||||
Block hours (thousands) (h) |
1,300 | 1,343 | 1,365 | (3.3 | ) | (1.6 | ) | |||||||||||||
Average stage length (miles) (i) |
955 | 925 | 927 | 3.3 | (0.3 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Average passenger journey (miles) (j) |
1,554 | 1,489 | 1,478 | 4.4 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||
Fuel consumption (gallons in millions) |
1,142 | 1,195 | 1,210 | (4.4 | ) | (1.3 | ) | |||||||||||||
Average aircraft fuel price including related taxes
(dollars per gallon) |
3.17 | 2.20 | 2.08 | 43.9 | 5.8 | |||||||||||||||
Full-time equivalent employees at end of period |
32,671 | 34,437 | 34,077 | (5.1 | ) | 1.1 |
(a) | Revenue passenger mile (RPM) A basic measure of sales volume. A RPM represents one
passenger flown one mile. |
|
(b) | Available seat mile (ASM) A basic measure of production. An ASM represents one seat flown
one mile. |
|
(c) | Passenger load factor The percentage of available seats that are filled with revenue
passengers. |
|
(d) | Yield A measure of airline revenue derived by dividing passenger revenue by revenue
passenger miles and expressed in cents per mile. |
|
(e) | Passenger revenue per available seat mile (PRASM) Total passenger revenues divided by
total available seat miles. |
|
(f) | Operating cost per available seat mile (CASM) Total mainline operating expenses divided
by total available seat miles. |
|
(g) | Passenger enplanements The number of passengers on board an aircraft including local,
connecting and through passengers. |
|
(h) | Block hours The hours measured from the moment an aircraft first moves under its own power,
including taxi time, for the purposes of flight until the aircraft is docked at the next point
of landing and its power is shut down. |
|
(i) | Average stage length The average of the distances flown on each segment of every route. |
|
(j) | Average passenger journey The average one-way trip measured in statute miles for one
passenger origination. |
8
2008 Compared With 2007
Operating Revenues:
Percent | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | Change | ||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||
Operating revenues: |
||||||||||||
Mainline passenger |
$ | 8,183 | $ | 8,135 | 0.6 | |||||||
Express passenger |
2,879 | 2,698 | 6.7 | |||||||||
Cargo |
144 | 138 | 3.7 | |||||||||
Other |
912 | 729 | 25.3 | |||||||||
Total operating revenues |
$ | 12,118 | $ | 11,700 | 3.6 | |||||||
Total operating revenues in 2008 were $12.12 billion as compared to $11.7 billion in 2007.
Mainline passenger revenues were $8.18 billion in 2008, as compared to $8.14 billion in 2007. RPMs
decreased 1.1% as mainline capacity, as measured by ASMs, decreased 2.2%, resulting in a 0.9 point
increase in load factor to 81.7%. Passenger yield increased 1.7% to 13.51 cents in 2008 from 13.28
cents in 2007. PRASM increased 2.9% to 11.04 cents in 2008 from 10.73 cents in 2007. Yield and
PRASM increased in 2008 due principally to strong passenger demand, continued capacity and pricing
discipline and fare increases in substantially all markets during 2008.
Express passenger revenues were $2.88 billion in 2008, an increase of $181 million from the
2007 period. Express capacity, as measured by ASMs, increased 5.6% in 2008 due principally to the
year-over-year increase in capacity purchased from an affiliate Express carrier. Express RPMs
increased by 5.1% on this higher capacity resulting in a 0.4 point decrease in load factor to
72.6%. Passenger yield increased by 1.6% to 26.52 cents in 2008 from 26.12 cents in 2007. PRASM
increased 1% to 19.26 cents in 2008 from 19.06 cents in 2007. The increase in Express yield and
PRASM are the result of the same favorable industry pricing environment discussed in the mainline
operations above.
Other revenues were $912 million in 2008, an increase of $183 million from 2007 due primarily
to our new revenue initiatives, principally our first and second checked bag fees, which were
implemented in the third quarter of 2008.
Operating Expenses:
Percent | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | Change | ||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Aircraft fuel and related taxes |
$ | 3,618 | $ | 2,630 | 37.6 | |||||||
Loss (gain) on fuel hedging instruments, net: |
||||||||||||
Realized |
(140 | ) | (58 | ) | nm | |||||||
Unrealized |
496 | (187 | ) | nm | ||||||||
Salaries and related costs |
2,231 | 2,302 | (3.1 | ) | ||||||||
Aircraft rent |
724 | 727 | (0.4 | ) | ||||||||
Aircraft maintenance |
783 | 635 | 23.2 | |||||||||
Other rent and landing fees |
562 | 536 | 4.9 | |||||||||
Selling expenses |
439 | 453 | (3.2 | ) | ||||||||
Special items, net |
76 | 99 | (23.2 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
215 | 189 | 13.7 | |||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
622 | | nm | |||||||||
Other |
1,243 | 1,247 | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||
Total mainline operating expenses |
10,869 | 8,573 | 26.8 | |||||||||
Express expenses: |
||||||||||||
Fuel |
1,137 | 765 | 48.6 | |||||||||
Other |
1,912 | 1,829 | 4.5 | |||||||||
Total Express operating expense |
3,049 | 2,594 | 17.5 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
$ | 13,918 | $ | 11,167 | 24.6 | |||||||
9
Total operating expenses were $13.92 billion in 2008, an increase of $2.75 billion or 24.6%
compared to 2007. Mainline operating expenses were $10.87 billion in 2008, an increase of
$2.3 billion or 26.8% from 2007, while ASMs decreased 2.2%. Mainline CASM increased 29.7% to 14.66
cents in 2008 from 11.3 cents in 2007. The 2008 period included a $622 million non-cash charge to
write off all of the goodwill created by the merger of US Airways Group and America West Holdings
in September 2005, which contributed 0.84 cents to our mainline CASM for 2008. The remaining period
over period increase in CASM was driven principally by increases in aircraft fuel costs ($988
million or 1.41 cents per ASM) and a net loss on fuel hedging instruments ($356 million) in 2008
compared to a net gain ($245 million) in 2007, which accounted for 0.8 cents per ASM. The net
unrealized losses during 2008 were driven by the significant decline in the price of oil in the
latter part of 2008.
The 2008 period also included $76 million of net special charges, consisting of $35 million of
merger related transition expenses, $18 million in non-cash charges related to the decline in fair
value of certain spare parts associated with our Boeing 737 aircraft fleet and as a result of our
capacity reductions, $14 million in lease return costs and penalties related to certain Airbus
aircraft and $9 million in charges related to involuntary furloughs as well as terminations of
non-union administrative and management staff. This compares to net special charges of $99 million
in the 2007 period due to merger related transition expenses.
The table below sets forth the major components of our mainline CASM for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007:
Year Ended | ||||||||||||
December 31, | Percent | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | Change | ||||||||||
(In cents) | ||||||||||||
Mainline CASM: |
||||||||||||
Aircraft fuel and related taxes |
4.88 | 3.47 | 40.7 | |||||||||
Loss (gain) on fuel hedging instruments, net |
0.48 | (0.32 | ) | nm | ||||||||
Salaries and related costs |
3.01 | 3.03 | (0.8 | ) | ||||||||
Aircraft rent |
0.98 | 0.96 | 2.2 | |||||||||
Aircraft maintenance |
1.05 | 0.84 | 25.4 | |||||||||
Other rent and landing fees |
0.76 | 0.70 | 7.6 | |||||||||
Selling expenses |
0.59 | 0.60 | (1.2 | ) | ||||||||
Special items, net |
0.10 | 0.13 | (23.2 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
0.29 | 0.25 | 16.4 | |||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
0.84 | | nm | |||||||||
Other |
1.68 | 1.64 | 2.2 | |||||||||
Total mainline CASM |
14.66 | 11.30 | 29.7 | |||||||||
Significant changes in the components of mainline operating expense per ASM are as follows:
| Aircraft fuel and related taxes per ASM increased 40.7% due primarily to a 43.9% increase
in the average price per gallon of fuel to a record high $3.17 in 2008 from $2.20 in 2007,
offset by a 4.4% decrease in gallons consumed. |
||
| Loss (gain) on fuel hedging instruments, net per ASM fluctuated from a gain of 0.32 cents
in 2007 to a loss of 0.48 cents in 2008. The net loss in the 2008 period is the result of
net unrealized losses of $496 million on open fuel hedge transactions, offset by $140
million of net realized gains on settled fuel hedge transactions. Our fuel hedging program
uses no premium collars, which establish an upper and lower limit on heating oil futures
prices, to provide protection from fuel price risks. We use heating oil as it is a commodity
with prices that are generally highly correlated with jet fuel prices. We recognized net
gains from our fuel hedging program in the first half of 2008 as the price of heating oil
exceeded the upper limit on certain of our collar transactions. However, the significant
decline in the price of oil in the latter part of 2008 generated unrealized losses on
certain open fuel hedge transactions as the price of heating oil fell below the lower limit
of those collar transactions. |
||
| Aircraft maintenance expense per ASM increased 25.4% due principally to increases in the
number of engine and landing gear overhauls performed in 2008 as compared to 2007. |
||
| Other rent and landing fees per ASM increased 7.6% due primarily to increases in rental
rates at certain airports in the 2008 period as compared to the 2007 period. |
||
| Depreciation and amortization per ASM increased 16.4% due to the acquisition of 14
Embraer aircraft and five Airbus aircraft in 2008, which increased depreciation expense on
owned aircraft. |
10
Total Express expenses increased 17.5% in 2008 to $3.05 billion from $2.59 billion in 2007.
Express fuel costs increased $372 million as the average fuel price per gallon increased 44.8% from
$2.23 in 2007 to a record high $3.23 in 2008. Other Express operating expenses increased
$83 million year-over-year as a result of the 5.6% increase in Express capacity in 2008.
Nonoperating Income (Expense):
Percent | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | Change | ||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||
Nonoperating income (expense): |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 83 | $ | 172 | (51.6 | ) | ||||||
Interest expense, net |
(258 | ) | (277 | ) | (6.9 | ) | ||||||
Other, net |
(240 | ) | 2 | nm | ||||||||
Total nonoperating expense, net |
$ | (415 | ) | $ | (103 | ) | nm | |||||
Net nonoperating expense was $415 million in 2008 as compared to $103 million in 2007.
Interest income decreased $89 million in 2008 due to lower average investment balances and lower
rates of return. Interest expense, net decreased $19 million due primarily to reductions in average
interest rates associated with variable rate debt, partially offset by an increase in the average
debt balance outstanding as compared to the 2007 period.
Other nonoperating expense, net in 2008 included $214 million in other than temporary
impairment charges for our investments in auction rate securities primarily due to the length of
time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost for these securities. We also
recognized $25 million in foreign currency losses related to transactions denominated in foreign
currencies and $7 million in write offs of debt discount and debt issuance costs in connection with
the refinancing of certain aircraft equipment notes and certain loan prepayments in connection with
our 2008 financing transactions, offset in part by $8 million in gains on forgiveness of debt.
Other nonoperating expense, net in 2007 included an $18 million write off of debt issuance costs in
connection with the refinancing of the GE loan in March 2007 as well as a $10 million other than
temporary impairment charge for our investments in auction rate securities, offset by a $17 million
gain on the sale of stock in ARINC Incorporated and $7 million in foreign currency gains related to
transactions denominated in foreign currencies. The impairment charges on auction rate securities
are discussed in more detail under Liquidity and Capital Resources.
11
2007 Compared With 2006
Operating Revenues:
Percent | ||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | Change | ||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||
Operating revenues: |
||||||||||||
Mainline passenger |
$ | 8,135 | $ | 7,966 | 2.1 | |||||||
Express passenger |
2,698 | 2,744 | (1.7 | ) | ||||||||
Cargo |
138 | 153 | (9.4 | ) | ||||||||
Other |
729 | 694 | 4.9 | |||||||||
Total operating revenues |
$ | 11,700 | $ | 11,557 | 1.2 | |||||||
Total operating revenues in 2007 were $11.7 billion as compared to $11.56 billion in 2006.
Mainline passenger revenues were $8.14 billion in 2007, as compared to $7.97 billion in 2006. RPMs
increased 0.9% as mainline capacity, as measured by ASMs, decreased 1.5%, resulting in a 2.0 point
increase in load factor to 80.8%. Passenger yield increased 1.2% to 13.28 cents in 2007 from 13.13
cents in 2006. PRASM increased 3.7% to 10.73 cents in 2007 from 10.35 cents in 2006. The increases
in yield and PRASM are due principally to the strong revenue environment in 2007 resulting from
reductions in industry capacity and continued capacity and pricing discipline, industry wide fare
increases during the 2007 period and higher passenger demand.
Express passenger revenues were $2.7 billion in 2007, a decrease of $46 million from the 2006
period. Express capacity, as measured by ASMs, decreased 5% in 2007, due primarily to planned
reductions in Express flying during 2007. Express RPMs decreased by 2.6% on lower capacity
resulting in a 1.8 point increase in load factor to 73%. Passenger yield increased by 1% to 26.12
cents in 2007 from 25.86 cents in 2006. PRASM increased 3.5% to 19.06 cents in 2007 from 18.42
cents in 2006.
Cargo revenues were $138 million in 2007, a decrease of $15 million from the 2006 period due
to decreases in domestic mail and freight volumes. Other revenues were $729 million in 2007, an
increase of $35 million from the 2006 period. The increase in other revenues was primarily driven
by an increase in revenue associated with higher fuel sales to pro-rate carriers through MSC.
Operating Expenses:
Percent | ||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | Change | ||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Aircraft fuel and related taxes |
$ | 2,630 | $ | 2,518 | 4.4 | |||||||
Loss (gain) on fuel hedging instruments, net: |
||||||||||||
Realized |
(58 | ) | 9 | nm | ||||||||
Unrealized |
(187 | ) | 70 | nm | ||||||||
Salaries and related costs |
2,302 | 2,090 | 10.1 | |||||||||
Aircraft rent |
727 | 732 | (0.6 | ) | ||||||||
Aircraft maintenance |
635 | 582 | 9.1 | |||||||||
Other rent and landing fees |
536 | 568 | (5.7 | ) | ||||||||
Selling expenses |
453 | 446 | 1.6 | |||||||||
Special items, net |
99 | 27 | nm | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
189 | 175 | 8.2 | |||||||||
Other |
1,247 | 1,223 | 2.0 | |||||||||
Total mainline operating expenses |
8,573 | 8,440 | 1.6 | |||||||||
Express expenses: |
||||||||||||
Fuel |
765 | 764 | 0.1 | |||||||||
Other |
1,829 | 1,795 | 1.9 | |||||||||
Total Express operating expenses |
2,594 | 2,559 | 1.4 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
$ | 11,167 | $ | 10,999 | 1.5 | |||||||
12
Total operating expenses were $11.17 billion in 2007, an increase of $168 million or 1.5%
compared to 2006. Mainline operating expenses were $8.57 billion in 2007, an increase of
$133 million or 1.6% from 2006, while ASMs decreased 1.5%. Mainline CASM increased 3.1% to 11.3
cents in 2007 from 10.96 cents in 2006. The period over period increase in CASM was driven
principally by higher salaries and related costs ($212 million or 0.32 cents per ASM), due
primarily to increased headcount associated with our
operational improvement plan and a $99 million charge to increase our obligation for long-term
disability as a result of a change in the FAA mandated retirement age for certain pilots, and an
increase in aircraft fuel costs ($112 million or 0.2 cents per ASM), due to a 5.8% increase in the
average price per gallon of fuel in 2007. These increases were offset in part by gains on fuel
hedging instruments ($245 million) in the 2007 period as compared to losses in the 2006 period
($79 million), which accounted for 0.42 cents per ASM.
The 2007 period also included net charges from special items of $99 million, primarily due to
merger related transition expenses. This compares to net charges from special items of $27 million
in 2006, which included $131 million of merger related transition expenses, offset by a $90 million
credit related to the restructuring of the then existing Airbus aircraft order and $14 million of
credits related to the settlement of certain bankruptcy-related claims.
The table below sets forth the major components of our mainline CASM for the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2006:
Year Ended | ||||||||||||
December 31, | Percent | |||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | Change | ||||||||||
(In cents) | ||||||||||||
Mainline CASM: |
||||||||||||
Aircraft fuel and related taxes |
3.47 | 3.27 | 6.0 | |||||||||
Loss (gain) on fuel hedging instruments, net |
(0.32 | ) | 0.10 | nm | ||||||||
Salaries and related costs |
3.03 | 2.71 | 11.8 | |||||||||
Aircraft rent |
0.96 | 0.95 | 0.9 | |||||||||
Aircraft maintenance |
0.84 | 0.75 | 10.8 | |||||||||
Other rent and landing fees |
0.70 | 0.74 | (4.3 | ) | ||||||||
Selling expenses |
0.60 | 0.58 | 3.1 | |||||||||
Special items, net |
0.13 | 0.04 | nm | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
0.25 | 0.23 | 9.9 | |||||||||
Other |
1.64 | 1.59 | 3.5 | |||||||||
Total Mainline CASM |
11.30 | 10.96 | 3.1 | |||||||||
Significant changes in the components of mainline operating expense per ASM are as follows:
| Aircraft fuel and related taxes per ASM increased 6% due primarily to a 5.8% increase in
the average price per gallon of fuel to $2.20 in 2007 from $2.08 in 2006. |
||
| Loss (gain) on fuel hedging instruments, net per ASM fluctuated from a loss of 0.10 cents
in 2006 to a gain of 0.32 cents in 2007. The net gain in the 2007 period is the result of
net unrealized gains of $187 million on open fuel hedge transactions as well as $58 million
of net realized gains on settled fuel hedge transactions. We recognized net gains from our
fuel hedging program in 2007 as the price of heating oil exceeded the upper limit on certain
of our collar transactions. |
||
| Salaries and related costs per ASM increased 11.8% due to a $99 million charge for an
increase to long-term disability obligations for US Airways pilots as a result of a change
in the FAA mandated retirement age for pilots from 60 to 65 as well as a period over period
increase in headcount, principally in fleet and passenger service employees as part of our
initiative to improve operational performance, and increases in employee benefits as a
result of higher medical claims due to general inflationary cost increases. |
||
| Aircraft maintenance expense per ASM increased 10.8% due principally to an increase in
the number of overhauls performed on engines not subject to power by the hour maintenance
agreements as well as an increase in the volume of seat overhauls and thrust reverser
repairs in the 2007 period compared to the 2006 period. |
||
| Depreciation and amortization per ASM increased 9.9% due to the acquisition of nine
Embraer 190 aircraft and equipment to support flight operations in 2007, which increased
depreciation expense on owned aircraft and equipment. |
Total Express expenses increased 1.4% in 2007 to $2.59 billion from $2.56 billion in 2006, as
other Express operating expenses increased $34 million. Express fuel costs remained consistent
period over period as the average fuel price per gallon increased 4.2% from $2.14 in the 2006
period to $2.23 in the 2007 period, which was offset by a 4% decrease in gallons consumed as block
hours were down 6.2% in the 2007 period due to planned reductions in Express flying. Other Express
operating expenses increased as a result of higher rates paid under certain capacity purchase
agreements due to contractually scheduled rate changes.
13
Nonoperating Income (Expense):
Percent | ||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | Change | ||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||
Nonoperating income (expense): |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 172 | $ | 153 | 12.5 | |||||||
Interest expense, net |
(277 | ) | (301 | ) | (8.0 | ) | ||||||
Other, net |
2 | (24 | ) | nm | ||||||||
Total nonoperating expense, net |
$ | (103 | ) | $ | (172 | ) | (39.9 | ) | ||||
Net nonoperating expense was $103 million in 2007 as compared to $172 million in 2006.
Interest income increased $19 million in 2007 due to higher average cash balances and higher
average rates of return on investments. Interest expense, net decreased $24 million due to the full
year effect in 2007 of refinancing the loan formerly guaranteed by the ATSB at lower average
interest rates in March 2006, as well as the refinancing of the GE loan at lower average interest
rates and the repayment of the Barclays Bank Delaware prepaid miles loan in March 2007.
Other nonoperating income, net in 2007 of $2 million included an $18 million write off of debt
issuance costs in connection with the refinancing of the GE loan in March 2007 as well as a
$10 million other than temporary impairment charge for our investments in auction rate securities,
offset by a $17 million gain on the sale of stock in ARINC Incorporated and $7 million in foreign
currency gains related to transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Other nonoperating
expense, net in 2006 of $24 million included $6 million of nonoperating expense related to
prepayment penalties and $5 million in accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs in
connection with the refinancing of the loan formerly guaranteed by the ATSB and two loans
previously provided to AWA by GECC as well as $17 million in payments in connection with the
inducement to convert $70 million of the 7% Senior Convertible Notes to common stock and a
$14 million write off of debt discount and issuance costs associated with those converted notes,
offset by $11 million of derivative gains attributable to stock options in Sabre and warrants in a
number of companies and $2 million in foreign currency gains related to transactions denominated in
foreign currencies.
14
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2008, our cash, cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and
restricted cash were $1.97 billion, of which $1.24 billion was unrestricted. Our investments in
marketable securities included $187 million of investments in auction rate securities at fair value
($411 million par value) that are classified as noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance
sheets.
Investments in Marketable Securities
As of December 31, 2008, we held auction rate securities totaling $411 million at par value,
which are classified as available for sale securities and noncurrent assets on our consolidated
balance sheets. Contractual maturities for these auction rate securities range from eight to 44
years, with 62% of our portfolio maturing within the next ten years, 10% maturing within the next
20 years, 16% maturing within the next 30 years and 12% maturing thereafter through 2052. The
interest rates are reset approximately every 28 days, except one security for which the auction
process is currently suspended. Current yields range from 1.76% to 6.08%. With the liquidity issues
experienced in the global credit and capital markets, all of our auction rate securities have
experienced failed auctions since August 2007. The estimated fair value of these auction rate
securities no longer approximates par value. However, we have not experienced any defaults and
continue to earn and receive interest at the maximum contractual rates.
We estimated the fair value of these auction rate securities based on the following: (i) the
underlying structure of each security; (ii) the present value of future principal and interest
payments discounted at rates considered to reflect current market conditions; (iii) consideration
of the probabilities of default, passing a future auction, or repurchase at par for each period;
and (iv) estimates of the recovery rates in the event of default for each security. These estimated
fair values could change significantly based on future market conditions.
At December 31, 2007, the $411 million par value auction rate securities had a fair value of
$353 million, a $58 million decline from par. Of this decline in fair value, $48 million was deemed
temporary and an unrealized loss in this amount was recorded to other comprehensive income. We
concluded $10 million of the decline was an other than temporary impairment as a single security
with subprime exposure experienced a severe decline in fair value during the period. Accordingly,
the $10 million impairment charge was recorded to other nonoperating expense, net in the fourth
quarter of 2007.
At December 31, 2008, the fair value of our auction rate securities was $187 million,
representing a decline in fair value of $166 million from December 31, 2007. The decline in fair
value was caused by the significant deterioration in the financial markets in 2008. We concluded
that the 2008 decline in fair value of $166 million as well as the previously deemed temporary
declines recorded to other comprehensive income of $48 million were now other than temporary. Our
conclusion for the other than temporary impairment was due to the length of time and extent to
which the fair value has been less than cost for certain securities. All of these securities have
experienced failed auctions for a period greater than one year, and there has been no recovery in
their fair value. Accordingly, we recorded $214 million in impairment charges in other nonoperating
expense, net related to the other than temporary impairment of our auction rate securities. We
continue to monitor the market for auction rate securities and consider its impact (if any) on the
fair value of our investments. If the current market conditions deteriorate further, we may be
required to record additional impairment charges in other nonoperating expense, net in future
periods.
We do not anticipate having to sell these securities in order to operate our business. We
believe that, based on our current unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable
securities balances of $1.05 billion as of December 31, 2008, the current lack of liquidity in our
investments in auction rate securities will not have a material impact on our liquidity, our cash
flow or our ability to fund our operations.
Aviation Fuel and Derivative Instruments
Because our operations are dependent upon aviation fuel, significant increases in aviation
fuel costs materially and adversely affect our liquidity, results of operations and financial
condition. Our 2009 forecasted mainline and Express fuel consumption is approximately 1.44 billion
gallons, and a one cent per gallon increase in aviation fuel price results in a $14 million annual
increase in expense, excluding the impact of hedge transactions.
As of December 31, 2008, we have entered into no premium collars, which establish an upper and
lower limit on heating oil futures prices, to protect us from fuel price risks. These transactions
are in place with respect to approximately 14% of our projected mainline and Express 2009 fuel
requirements at a weighted average collar range of $3.41 to $3.61 per gallon of heating oil or
$131.15 to $139.55 per barrel of estimated crude oil equivalent.
15
The use of such hedging transactions in our fuel hedging program could result in us not fully
benefiting from certain declines in heating oil futures prices. As of December 31, 2008, the fair
value of our fuel hedging instruments was a net liability of $375 million. Further, these
instruments do not provide protection from future price increases unless heating oil prices exceed
the call option price of the no premium collar. Although heating oil prices are generally highly
correlated with those of jet fuel, the prices of jet fuel may change more or less than heating oil,
resulting in a change in fuel expense that is not fully offset by the hedge transactions. As of
December 31, 2008, we estimate that a 10% increase in heating oil futures prices would increase the
fair value of the hedge transactions by approximately $30 million. We estimate that a 10% decrease
in heating oil futures prices would decrease the fair value of the hedge transactions by
approximately $30 million. Since we have not entered into any new fuel hedge transactions since the
third quarter of 2008, the impact of changes in heating oil futures prices will decrease as
existing hedges are settled.
When our fuel hedging derivative instruments are in a net asset position, we are exposed to
credit losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to our fuel hedging derivatives.
The amount of such credit exposure is limited to the unrealized gains, if any, on our fuel hedging
derivatives. To manage credit risks, we carefully select counterparties, conduct transactions with
multiple counterparties which limits our exposure to any single counterparty, and monitor the
market position of the program and our relative market position with each counterparty. We also
maintain industry-standard security agreements with all of our counterparties which may require the
counterparty to post collateral if the value of the fuel hedging derivatives exceeds specified
thresholds related to the counterpartys credit ratings.
When our fuel hedging derivative instruments are in a net liability position, we are exposed
to credit risks related to the return of collateral in situations in which we have posted
collateral with counterparties for unrealized losses. As of December 31, 2008, we were in a net
liability position of $375 million based on the fair value of our fuel hedging derivative
instruments due to the significant decline in the price of oil in the latter part of 2008. When
possible, in order to mitigate the risk of posting collateral, we provide letters of credit to
certain counterparties in lieu of cash. At December 31, 2008, $185 million related to letters of
credit collateralizing certain counterparties to our fuel hedging transactions is included in
short-term restricted cash. In addition, at December 31, 2008, we had $276 million in cash deposits
held by counterparties to our fuel hedging transactions. Since the third quarter of 2008, we have
not entered into any new transactions as part of our fuel hedging program due to the impact
collateral requirements could have on our liquidity resulting from the significant decline in the
price of oil and counterparty credit risk arising from global economic uncertainty.
Further declines in heating oil prices would result in additional collateral requirements with
our counterparties, unrealized losses on our existing fuel hedging derivative instruments and
realized losses at the time of settlement of these fuel hedging derivative instruments. See also
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Sources and Uses of Cash
US Airways Group
2008 Compared to 2007
Net cash used in operating activities was $980 million in 2008 as compared to net cash
provided by operating activities of $451 million in 2007. The period over period decrease of $1.43
billion is due principally to our net loss for 2008, which was driven by record high fuel prices.
Our mainline and Express fuel expense, net of realized gains on fuel hedging transactions, was
$1.28 billion higher in 2008 than in 2007 on slightly lower capacity. Additionally, the substantial
decrease in the price of fuel in the latter part of 2008, while a significant positive development,
had the near term liquidity impact of reducing our operating cash flow by $461 million as we were
required to post collateral in the form of cash deposits and letters of credit we issued in
connection with no premium collars entered into as part of our fuel hedging program. This compares
to the same period in 2007 when we received the return of fuel hedging collateral of $48 million
from our counterparties. The increase in fuel costs and fuel hedge collateral was partially offset
by an increase in revenue of $418 million due to a 3.1% increase in mainline and Express PRASM and
our new revenue initiatives that went into effect in 2008.
Net cash used in investing activities was $915 million in 2008 as compared to net cash
provided by investing activities of $269 million in 2007. Principal investing activities in 2008
included expenditures for property and equipment totaling $929 million, including the purchase of
14 Embraer 190 aircraft and five Airbus A321 aircraft, a $139 million increase in equipment
purchase deposits for certain aircraft on order and a $74 million increase in restricted cash,
offset in part by net sales of investments in marketable securities of $206 million. The change in
the restricted cash balance for the 2008 period was due to changes in the amount of holdback held
by certain credit card processors for advance ticket sales for which we had not yet provided air
transportation.
Principal investing activities in 2007 included net sales of investments in marketable
securities of $612 million, a decrease in restricted cash of $200 million and $56 million in
proceeds from the sale of investments in ARINC and Sabre, offset in part by expenditures for
property and equipment totaling $523 million, including the purchase of nine Embraer 190 aircraft,
and an increase in equipment purchase deposits of $80 million. The net sales of investments in
marketable securities in the 2007 period were primarily certain auction rate securities sold at par
value in the third quarter of 2007. The change in the restricted cash balances for the 2007 period
was due to changes in the amounts of holdback held by certain credit card processors.
16
Net cash provided by financing activities was $981 million and $112 million in 2008 and 2007,
respectively. Principal financing activities in 2008 included proceeds from the issuance of debt of
$1.59 billion, of which $800 million was from the series of financing transactions completed in
October 2008. See further discussion of these transactions under Commitments. Proceeds also
included $521 million to finance the acquisition of 14 Embraer 190 aircraft and five Airbus A321
aircraft and $145 million in proceeds from the refinancing of certain aircraft equipment notes.
Debt repayments were $734 million, including a $400 million paydown at par of our Citicorp credit
facility, a $100 million prepayment of certain indebtedness incurred as part of our financing
transactions completed in October 2008 and $97 million related to the $145 million aircraft
equipment note refinancing discussed above. Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net were
$179 million as we completed an underwritten public stock offering of 21.85 million common shares
issued at an offering price of $8.50 per share during the third quarter of 2008. Principal
financing activities in 2007 included proceeds from the issuance of debt of $1.8 billion, including
$1.6 billion generated from the Citicorp credit facility and proceeds from property and equipment
financings. Debt repayments were $1.68 billion and, using the proceeds from the Citicorp credit
facility, included the repayment in full of the balances outstanding on the $1.25 billion GE loan,
the Barclays Bank Delaware prepaid miles loan of $325 million and a GECC credit facility of
$19 million.
2007 Compared to 2006
Net cash provided by operating activities was $451 million and $643 million in 2007 and 2006,
respectively, a decrease of $192 million. The period over period decrease was due principally to
higher expenses in 2007 compared to 2006 related to an increase in salaries and benefits of $212
million, aircraft maintenance of $53 million and mainline and Express fuel costs, net of realized
fuel hedging gains and losses, of $46 million, offset by an increase in revenue of $143 million.
Net cash provided by investing activities in 2007 was $269 million as compared to net cash
used in investing activities of $903 million in 2006. Principal investing activities in 2007
included net sales of investments in marketable securities of $612 million, a decrease in
restricted cash of $200 million and $56 million in proceeds from the sale of investments in ARINC
and Sabre, offset in part by expenditures for property and equipment totaling $523 million,
including the purchase of nine Embraer 190 aircraft, and an increase in equipment purchase deposits
of $80 million. The net sales of investments in marketable securities in the 2007 period were
primarily certain auction rate securities sold at par value in the third quarter of 2007. Principal
investing activities in 2006 included net purchases of investments in marketable securities of
$798 million, expenditures for property and equipment totaling $232 million, including the purchase
of three Boeing 757-200 and two Embraer 190 aircraft, and a decrease in restricted cash of
$128 million. Changes in the restricted cash balances for the 2007 and 2006 periods are due to
changes in the amounts of holdback held by certain credit card processors.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $112 million and $251 million in 2007 and 2006,
respectively. Principal financing activities in 2007 included proceeds from the issuance of debt of
$1.8 billion, including $1.6 billion generated from the Citicorp credit facility and proceeds from
property and equipment financings. Debt repayments were $1.68 billion and, using the proceeds from
the Citicorp credit facility, included the repayment in full of the balances outstanding on the
$1.25 billion GE loan, the Barclays Bank Delaware prepaid miles loan of $325 million and a GECC
credit facility of $19 million. Principal financing activities in 2006 included proceeds from the
issuance of debt of $1.42 billion, which included borrowings of $1.25 billion under the GE loan, a
$64 million draw on an Airbus loan and $92 million of equipment notes issued to finance the
acquisition of property and equipment. Debt repayments totaled $1.19 billion and, using the
proceeds from the GE loan, included the repayment in full of the balances outstanding on the ATSB
loans of $801 million, Airbus loans of $161 million and two GECC term loans of $110 million. We
also made a $17 million payment in 2006 related to the partial conversion of the 7% Senior
Convertible Notes.
17
Commitments
As of December 31, 2008, we had $4.15 billion of long-term debt and capital leases (including
current maturities and before discount on debt).
Citicorp Credit Facility
On March 23, 2007, US Airways Group entered into a term loan credit facility with Citicorp
North America, Inc., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders pursuant to which US
Airways Group borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $1.6 billion. US Airways, AWA and certain
other subsidiaries of US Airways Group are guarantors of the Citicorp credit facility.
The Citicorp credit facility bears interest at an index rate plus an applicable index margin
or, at our option, LIBOR plus an applicable LIBOR margin for interest periods of one, two, three or
six months. The applicable index margin, subject to adjustment, is 1.00%, 1.25% or 1.50% if the
adjusted loan balance is less than $600 million, between $600 million and $1 billion, or between
$1 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively. The applicable LIBOR margin, subject to adjustment, is
2.00%, 2.25% or 2.50% if the adjusted loan balance is less than $600 million, between $600 million
and $1 billion, or between $1 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively. In addition, interest on the
Citicorp credit facility may be adjusted based on the credit rating for the Citicorp credit
facility as follows: (i) if the credit ratings of the Citicorp credit facility by Moodys and S&P
in effect as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter are both at least one
subgrade better than the credit ratings in effect on March 23, 2007, then (A) the applicable LIBOR
margin will be the lower of 2.25% and the rate otherwise applicable based upon the adjusted
Citicorp credit facility balance and (B) the applicable index margin will be the lower of 1.25% and
the rate otherwise applicable based upon the Citicorp credit facility principal balance, and
(ii) if the credit ratings of the Citicorp credit facility by Moodys and S&P in effect as of the
last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter are both at least two subgrades better than the
credit ratings in effect on March 23, 2007, then (A) the applicable LIBOR margin will be 2.00% and
(B) the applicable index margin will be 1.00%. As of December 31, 2008, the interest rate on the
Citicorp credit facility was 2.97% based on a 2.50% LIBOR margin.
The Citicorp credit facility matures on March 23, 2014, and is repayable in seven annual
installments with each of the first six installments to be paid on each anniversary of the closing
date in an amount equal to 1% of the initial aggregate principal amount of the loan and the final
installment to be paid on the maturity date in the amount of the full remaining balance of the
loan.
In addition, the Citicorp credit facility requires certain mandatory prepayments upon the
occurrence of certain events, establishes certain financial covenants, including minimum cash
requirements and maintenance of certain minimum ratios, contains customary affirmative covenants
and negative covenants and contains customary events of default. Prior to the amendment discussed
below, the Citicorp credit facility required us to maintain consolidated unrestricted cash and cash
equivalents of not less than $1.25 billion, with not less than $750 million (subject to partial
reductions upon certain reductions in the outstanding principal amount of the loan) of that amount
held in accounts subject to control agreements, which would become restricted for use by us if
certain adverse events occur per the terms of the agreement.
On October 20, 2008, US Airways Group entered into an amendment to the Citicorp credit
facility. Pursuant to the amendment, we repaid $400 million of indebtedness under the credit
facility, reducing the principal amount outstanding under the credit facility to approximately
$1.18 billion as of December 31, 2008. The Citicorp credit facility amendment also provides for a
reduction in the amount of unrestricted cash required to be held by us from $1.25 billion to $850
million, and we may, prior to September 30, 2009, further reduce that minimum requirement to a
minimum of $750 million on a dollar-for-dollar basis for any additional repayments of up to $100
million of indebtedness under the credit facility. The Citicorp credit facility amendment also
provides that we may sell, finance or otherwise pledge assets that were pledged as collateral under
the credit facility, so long as we prepay the indebtedness under the credit facility in an amount
equal to 75% of the appraised value of the collateral sold or financed or assigned or 75% of the
collateral value of eligible accounts (determined in accordance with the credit facility) sold or
financed in such transaction. In addition, the Citicorp credit facility amendment provides that we
may issue debt in the future with a silent second lien on the assets pledged as collateral under
the Citicorp credit facility. As of December 31, 2008, we were in compliance with all debt
covenants under the amended credit facility.
18
Credit Card Processing Agreements
We have agreements with companies that process customer credit card transactions for the sale
of air travel and other services. Credit card processors have financial risk associated with
tickets purchased for travel because, although the processor generally forwards the cash related to
the purchase to us soon after the purchase is completed, the air travel generally occurs after that
time, and
the processor may have liability if we do not ultimately provide the air travel. Our
agreements allow these processing companies, under certain conditions, to hold an amount of our
cash (referred to as a holdback) equal to a portion of advance ticket sales that have been
processed by that company, but for which we have not yet provided the air transportation. These
holdback requirements can be modified at the discretion of the processing companies, up to the
estimated liability for future air travel purchased with the respective credit cards, upon the
occurrence of specified events, including material adverse changes in our financial condition. The
amount that the processing companies may withhold also varies as a result of changes in financial
risk due to seasonal fluctuations in ticket volume. Additional holdback requirements will reduce
our liquidity in the form of unrestricted cash and short-term investments by the amount of the
holdbacks.
October 2008 Financing Transactions
On October 20, 2008, we completed a series of financial transactions which raised
approximately $810 million in gross proceeds. Below is a discussion of the significant transactions
comprising this amount.
Effective as of October 20, 2008, US Airways Group entered into an amendment to its co-branded
credit card agreement with Barclays Bank Delaware. The amendment provides for, among other things,
the pre-purchase of frequent flyer miles in an amount totaling $200 million, which amount was paid
by Barclays in October 2008. The amendment also provides that so long as any pre-purchased miles
are outstanding, we will pay interest to Barclays on the outstanding dollar amount of the
pre-purchased miles at the rate of LIBOR plus a margin.
The amendment to the co-branded credit card agreement provides that Barclays will compensate
us for fees earned using pre-purchased miles. In addition, the amendment provides that for each
month that certain conditions are met, Barclays will pre-purchase additional miles on a monthly
basis in an amount equal to the difference between $200 million and the amount of unused miles then
outstanding. The conditions include a requirement that we maintain an unrestricted cash balance,
subject to certain circumstances, of at least $1.5 billion each month, which was reduced to $1.4
billion for January 2009 and $1.45 billion for February 2009, with the unrestricted cash balance in
all cases including certain fuel hedge collateral. The reductions addressed the impact on our
unrestricted cash of our obligations to post significant amounts of collateral with our fuel
hedging counterparties due to recent rapid declines in fuel prices.
Prior to the second anniversary of the date of the amendment, the $200 million cap on
Barclays pre-purchase obligation may be reduced if certain conditions are not met. Commencing on
that second anniversary, the $200 million cap will be reduced over a period of approximately two
years until such time as no pre-purchased miles remain; however, the time of reduction of the cap
may be accelerated if certain conditions are not met. We may repurchase any or all of the
pre-purchased miles at any time, from time to time, without penalty.
Pursuant to the amendment to the co-branded credit card agreement, the expiration date of the
agreement was extended to 2017.
On October 20, 2008, US Airways and Airbus entered into amendments to the A320 Family Aircraft
Purchase Agreement, the A330 Aircraft Purchase Agreement, and the A350 XWB Purchase Agreement. In
exchange for US Airways agreement to enter into these amendments, Airbus advanced US Airways $200
million in consideration of aircraft deliveries under the various related purchase agreements.
Under the terms of each of the amendments, US Airways has agreed to maintain a level of
unrestricted cash in the same amount required by the Citicorp credit facility.
On October 20, 2008, US Airways entered into a $270 million spare parts loan agreement and a
$85 million engines loan agreement. The proceeds of the term loans made under these loan agreements
were used to repay a portion of the outstanding indebtedness pursuant to the Citicorp credit
facility amendment previously discussed.
US Airways obligations under the spare parts loan agreement are secured by a first priority
security interest in substantially all of US Airways rotable, repairable and expendable aircraft
spare parts. The obligations under the engines loan agreement are secured by a first priority
security interest in 36 of US Airways aircraft engines. US Airways has also agreed that other
obligations owed by it or its affiliates to the administrative agent for the loan agreements or its
affiliates (including the loans under these loan agreements held by such administrative agent or
its affiliates) will be secured on a second priority basis by the collateral for both loan
agreements and certain other engines and aircraft.
The term loans under these loan agreements will bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus a
margin per annum, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
19
These loan agreements contain customary representations and warranties, events of default and
covenants for financings of this nature, including obligations to maintain compliance with
covenants tied to the appraised value of US Airways spare parts and the appraised value and
maintenance condition of US Airways engines, respectively.
The spare parts loan agreement matures on the sixth anniversary of the closing date, and is
subject to quarterly amortization in amounts ranging from $8 million to $15 million. The spare
parts loan agreement may not be voluntarily prepaid during the first three years of the term;
however, the loan agreement provided that in certain circumstances US Airways could prepay $100
million of the loans under the agreement. The engines loan agreement, which may not be voluntarily
prepaid prior to the third anniversary of the closing date, matures on the sixth anniversary of the
closing date, and is subject to amortization in 24 equal quarterly installments.
On December 5, 2008, US Airways prepaid $100 million of principal outstanding under the spare
parts loan agreement. In connection with this prepayment and pursuant to an amendment to the spare
parts loan agreement, subject to certain conditions, US Airways obtained the right to incur up to
$100 million in new loans. The right to incur new loans expires on April 1, 2009.
On January 16, 2009, US Airways exercised its right to obtain new loan commitments and incur
additional loans under the spare parts loan agreement. In connection with the exercise of that
right, Airbus Financial Services funded $50 million in satisfaction of a previous commitment. This
loan will mature on October 20, 2014, will bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a margin and will
be secured by the collateral securing loans under the spare parts loan agreement. In addition, in
connection with the incurrence of this loan, US Airways and Airbus entered into amendments to the
A320 Family Aircraft Purchase Agreement, the A330 Aircraft Purchase Agreement and the A350 XWB
Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to these amendments, the existing cross-default provisions of the
applicable aircraft purchase agreements were amended and restated to, among other things, specify
the circumstances under which a default under the loan would constitute a default under the
applicable aircraft purchase agreement.
Other 2008 Financing Transactions
On February 1, 2008, US Airways entered into a loan agreement for $145 million, secured by six
Bombardier CRJ-700 aircraft, three Boeing 757 aircraft and one spare engine. The loan bears
interest at a rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin and is amortized over ten years. The proceeds
of the loan were used to repay $97 million of the equipment notes previously secured by the six
Bombardier CRJ-700 aircraft and three Boeing 757 aircraft.
On February 29, 2008, US Airways entered into a credit facility agreement for $88 million to
finance certain pre-delivery payments required by US Airways purchase agreements with Airbus. As
of December 31, 2008, the outstanding balance of this credit facility agreement is $73 million. The
remaining amounts under this facility will be drawn as pre-delivery payments come due. The loan
bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin and is repaid as the related aircraft
are delivered with a final maturity date of the loan in November 2010.
In the second quarter of 2008, US Airways entered into facility agreements with three lenders
in the amounts of $199 million, $198 million, and $119 million to finance the acquisition of
certain Airbus A320 family aircraft deliveries starting in the second half of 2008. The loans bear
interest at a rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin, contain default and other covenants that are
typical in the industry for similar financings, and are amortized over twelve years with balloon
payments at maturity.
Aircraft and Engine Purchase Commitments
During 2008, we took delivery of 14 Embraer 190 aircraft under our Amended and Restated
Purchase Agreement with Embraer, which we financed through an existing facility agreement. As of
December 31, 2008, we have no remaining firm orders with Embraer. Under the terms of the Amended
and Restated Purchase Agreement, we have 32 additional Embraer 190 aircraft on order, which are
conditional and subject to our notification to Embraer. In 2008, we amended the Amended and
Restated Purchase Agreement to revise the delivery schedule for these 32 additional Embraer 190
aircraft.
In 2007, US Airways and Airbus executed definitive purchase agreements for the acquisition of
97 aircraft, including 60 single-aisle A320 family aircraft and 37 widebody aircraft (comprised of
22 A350 XWB aircraft and 15 A330-200 aircraft). These were in addition to orders for 37
single-aisle A320 family aircraft from a previous Airbus purchase agreement. In 2008, US Airways
and Airbus entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Airbus A320 Family Aircraft
Purchase Agreement. The amendment provides for the conversion of 13 A319 aircraft to A320 aircraft,
one A319 aircraft to an A321 aircraft and 11 A320 aircraft to A321 aircraft for deliveries during
2009 and 2010.
20
Deliveries of the A320 family aircraft commenced during 2008 with the delivery of five A321
aircraft, which were financed through an existing facility agreement. Deliveries of the A320 family
aircraft will continue in 2009 through 2012. Deliveries of the A330-200 aircraft will begin in
2009. In 2008, US Airways amended the terms of the A350 XWB Purchase Agreement for deliveries of
the 22 firm order A350 XWB aircraft to begin in 2015 rather than 2014 and extending through 2018.
In 2007, US Airways agreed to terms with an aircraft lessor to lease two used A330-200
aircraft. In 2008, US Airways terminated the two leases and did not take delivery of the two used
A330-200 aircraft. Related to this termination, US Airways recorded a $2 million lease cancellation
charge.
In 2008, US Airways executed purchase agreements for the purchase of eight new IAE V2500-A5
spare engines scheduled for delivery through 2014 for use on the Airbus A320 family fleet, three
new Trent 700 spare engines scheduled for delivery through 2011 for use on the Airbus A330-200
fleet and three new Trent XWB spare engines scheduled for delivery in 2015 through 2017 for use on
the Airbus A350 XWB aircraft.
Under all of our aircraft and engine purchase agreements, our total future commitments as of
December 31, 2008 are expected to be approximately $6.83 billion through 2018, which includes
predelivery deposits and payments. We expect to fund these payments through future financings.
Covenants and Credit Rating
In addition to the minimum cash balance requirements, our long-term debt agreements contain
various negative covenants that restrict or limit our actions, including our ability to pay
dividends or make other restricted payments. Certain long-term debt agreements also contain
cross-default provisions, which may be triggered by defaults by us under other agreements relating
to indebtedness. See Risk Factors Our high level of fixed obligations limits our ability to fund
general corporate requirements and obtain additional financing, limits our flexibility in
responding to competitive developments and increases our vulnerability to adverse economic and
industry conditions in Item 1A. Risk Factors. As of December 31, 2008, we and our subsidiaries
were in compliance with the covenants in our long-term debt agreements.
Our credit ratings, like those of most airlines, are relatively low. The following table
details our credit ratings as of December 31, 2008:
S&P | Fitch | Moodys | ||||
Local Issuer | Issuer Default | Corporate | ||||
credit rating | credit rating | Family rating | ||||
US Airways Group |
B- | CCC | Caa1 | |||
US Airways |
B- | * | * |
(*) | The credit agencies do not rate these categories for US Airways. |
A decrease in our credit ratings could cause our borrowing costs to increase, which would
increase our interest expense and could affect our net income, and our credit ratings could
adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing. If our financial performance or
industry conditions do not improve, we may face future downgrades, which could further negatively
impact our borrowing costs and the prices of our equity or debt securities. In addition, any
downgrade of our credit ratings may indicate a decline in our business and in our ability to
satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
An off-balance sheet arrangement is any transaction, agreement or other contractual
arrangement involving an unconsolidated entity under which a company has (1) made guarantees, (2) a
retained or a contingent interest in transferred assets, (3) an obligation under derivative
instruments classified as equity or (4) any obligation arising out of a material variable interest
in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support
to us, or that engages in leasing, hedging or research and development arrangements with us.
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements of the types described in the first three categories
above that we believe may have a material current or future effect on financial condition,
liquidity or results of operations. Certain guarantees that we do not expect to have a material
current or future effect on financial condition, liquidity or results of operations are disclosed
in Note 9(f) to the
consolidated financial statements of US Airways Group included in Item 8A of this report and
Note 8(f) to the consolidated financial statements of US Airways included in Item 8B of this
report.
21
Pass Through Trusts
US Airways has obligations with respect to pass through trust certificates, also known as
Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates or EETCs, issued by pass through trusts to cover the
financing of 19 owned aircraft, 116 leased aircraft and three leased engines. These trusts are
off-balance sheet entities, the primary purpose of which is to finance the acquisition of aircraft.
Rather than finance each aircraft separately when such aircraft is purchased or delivered, these
trusts allowed US Airways to raise the financing for several aircraft at one time and place such
funds in escrow pending the purchase or delivery of the relevant aircraft. The trusts were also
structured to provide for certain credit enhancements, such as liquidity facilities to cover
certain interest payments, that reduce the risks to the purchasers of the trust certificates and,
as a result, reduce the cost of aircraft financing to US Airways.
Each trust covered a set amount of aircraft scheduled to be delivered within a specific period
of time. At the time of each covered aircraft financing, the relevant trust used the funds in
escrow to purchase equipment notes relating to the financed aircraft. The equipment notes were
issued, at US Airways election in connection with a mortgage financing of the aircraft or by a
separate owner trust in connection with a leveraged lease financing of the aircraft. In the case of
a leveraged lease financing, the owner trust then leased the aircraft to US Airways. In both cases,
the equipment notes are secured by a security interest in the aircraft. The pass through trust
certificates are not direct obligations of, nor are they guaranteed by, US Airways Group or US
Airways. However, in the case of mortgage financings, the equipment notes issued to the trusts are
direct obligations of US Airways. As of December 31, 2008, $540 million associated with these
mortgage financings is reflected as debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
With respect to leveraged leases, US Airways evaluated whether the leases had characteristics
of a variable interest entity as defined by FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 46(R), Consolidation
of Variable Interest Entities An Interpretation of ARB No. 51. US Airways concluded the leasing
entities met the criteria for variable interest entities. US Airways then evaluated whether or not
it was the primary beneficiary by evaluating whether or not it was exposed to the majority of the
risks (expected losses) or whether it receives the majority of the economic benefits (expected
residual returns) from the trusts activities. US Airways does not provide residual value
guarantees to the bondholders or equity participants in the trusts. Each lease does have a fixed
price purchase option that allows US Airways to purchase the aircraft near the end of the lease
term. However, the option price approximates an estimate of the aircrafts fair value at the option
date. Under this feature, US Airways does not participate in any increases in the value of the
aircraft. US Airways concluded it was not the primary beneficiary under these arrangements.
Therefore, US Airways accounts for its EETC leveraged lease financings as operating leases under
the criteria of SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases. US Airways total obligations under these
leveraged lease financings are $3.57 billion as of December 31, 2008.
Special Facility Revenue Bonds
US Airways guarantees the payment of principal and interest on certain special facility
revenue bonds issued by municipalities to build or improve certain airport and maintenance
facilities which are leased to US Airways. Under such leases, US Airways is required to make rental
payments through 2023, sufficient to pay maturing principal and interest payments on the related
bonds. As of December 31, 2008, the principal amount outstanding on these bonds was $90 million.
Remaining lease payments guaranteeing the principal and interest on these bonds are $145 million.
US Airways has long-term operating leases at a number of airports, including leases where US
Airways is also the guarantor of the underlying debt. Such leases are typically with municipalities
or other governmental entities. The arrangements are not required to be consolidated based on the
provisions of FIN No. 46(R).
Jet Service Agreements
Certain entities with which US Airways has capacity purchase agreements are considered
variable interest entities under FIN No. 46(R). In connection with its restructuring and emergence
from bankruptcy, US Airways contracted with Air Wisconsin and Republic Airways to purchase a
significant portion of these companies regional jet capacity for a period of ten years. US Airways
has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these variable interest entities, based on
cash flow analyses. Additionally, US Airways has analyzed the arrangements with other carriers with
which US Airways has long-term capacity purchase agreements and has concluded that it is not
required to consolidate any of the entities.
22
Contractual Obligations
The following table provides details of our future cash contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2008 (in millions):
Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
US Airways Group (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt (2) |
$ | 16 | $ | 33 | $ | 116 | $ | 99 | $ | 16 | $ | 1,178 | $ | 1,458 | ||||||||||||||
Interest obligations (3) |
50 | 50 | 46 | 41 | 38 | 50 | 275 | |||||||||||||||||||||
US Airways (4) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt and capital lease obligations (5) (6) |
356 | 221 | 257 | 246 | 192 | 1,423 | 2,695 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest obligations (3) (6) |
146 | 148 | 157 | 129 | 87 | 415 | 1,082 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Aircraft purchase and operating lease commitments (7) |
2,408 | 2,312 | 2,138 | 1,537 | 664 | 5,315 | 14,374 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Regional capacity purchase agreements (8) |
1,008 | 1,013 | 1,031 | 902 | 731 | 2,712 | 7,397 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other US Airways Group subsidiaries (9) |
10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 3,994 | $ | 3,779 | $ | 3,746 | $ | 2,955 | $ | 1,729 | $ | 11,093 | $ | 27,296 | ||||||||||||||
(1) | These commitments represent those specifically entered into by US Airways Group or joint
commitments entered into by US Airways Group and US Airways under which each entity is jointly
and severally liable. |
|
(2) | Excludes $55 million of unamortized debt discount as of December 31, 2008. |
|
(3) | For variable-rate debt, future interest obligations are shown above using interest rates in
effect as of December 31, 2008. |
|
(4) | Commitments listed separately under US Airways and its wholly owned subsidiaries represent
commitments under agreements entered into separately by those companies. |
|
(5) | Excludes $113 million of unamortized debt discount as of December 31, 2008. |
|
(6) | Includes $540 million of future principal payments and $260 million of future interest
payments as of December 31, 2008, respectively, related to pass through trust certificates or
EETCs associated with mortgage financings for the purchase of certain aircraft as described
above under Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and in Note 9(c) to US Airways Groups and Note
8(c) to US Airways consolidated financial statements in Item 8A and 8B of this report,
respectively. |
|
(7) | Includes $3.57 billion of future minimum lease payments related to EETC leveraged leased
financings of certain aircraft as of December 31, 2008, as described above under Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements and in Note 9(c) to US Airways Groups and Note 8(c) to US Airways
consolidated financial statements in Item 8A and 8B of this report, respectively. |
|
(8) | Represents minimum payments under capacity purchase agreements with third-party Express
carriers. |
|
(9) | Represents operating lease commitments entered into by US Airways Groups other airline
subsidiaries Piedmont and PSA. |
We expect to fund these cash obligations from funds provided by operations and future
financings, if necessary. The cash available to us from these sources, however, may not be
sufficient to cover these cash obligations because economic factors outside our control may reduce
the amount of cash generated by operations or increase our costs. For instance, an economic
downturn or general global instability caused by military actions, terrorism, disease outbreaks and
natural disasters could reduce the demand for air travel, which would reduce the amount of cash
generated by operations. An increase in our costs, either due to an increase in borrowing costs
caused by a reduction in our credit rating or a general increase in interest rates or due to an
increase in the cost of fuel, maintenance, aircraft and aircraft engines and parts, could decrease
the amount of cash available to cover the cash obligations. Moreover, the Citicorp credit facility,
our amended credit card agreement with Barclays and certain of our other financing arrangements
contain minimum cash balance requirements. As a result, we cannot use all of our available cash to
fund operations, capital expenditures and cash obligations without violating these requirements.
23
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States requires that we make certain estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and
the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. We
believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable; however, actual results could differ from
those estimates. Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of
significant judgments and uncertainties and potentially result in materially different results
under different assumptions and conditions. We have identified the following critical accounting
policies that impact the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. See also the summary
of significant accounting policies included in the notes to the financial statements under Items 8A
and 8B of this Form 10-K for additional discussion of the application of these estimates and other
accounting policies.
Passenger Revenue
Passenger revenue is recognized when transportation is provided. Ticket sales for
transportation that has not yet been provided are initially deferred and recorded as air traffic
liability on the balance sheet. The air traffic liability represents tickets sold for future travel
dates and estimated future refunds and exchanges of tickets sold for past travel dates. The balance
in the air traffic liability fluctuates throughout the year based on seasonal travel patterns and
fare sale activity. Our air traffic liability was $698 million and $832 million as of December 31,
2008 and 2007, respectively.
The majority of our tickets sold are nonrefundable. A small percentage of tickets, some of
which are partially used tickets, expire unused. Due to complex pricing structures, refund and
exchange policies, and interline agreements with other airlines, certain amounts are recognized in
revenue using estimates regarding both the timing of the revenue recognition and the amount of
revenue to be recognized. These estimates are generally based on the analysis of our historical
data. We routinely evaluate estimated future refunds and exchanges included in the air traffic
liability based on subsequent activity to validate the accuracy of our estimates. Holding other
factors constant, a 10% change in our estimate of the amount refunded, exchanged or forfeited for
2008 would result in a $38 million change in our passenger revenue, which represents less than 1%
of our passenger revenue.
Passenger traffic commissions and related fees are expensed when the related revenue is
recognized. Passenger traffic commissions and related fees not yet recognized are included as a
prepaid expense.
Impairment of Goodwill
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, requires that goodwill be tested for
impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event
occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the
reporting unit below its carrying value. Goodwill represents the purchase price in excess of the
net amount assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed by America West Holdings on
September 27, 2005. We have two reporting units consisting of our mainline and Express operations.
All of our goodwill was allocated to the mainline reporting unit.
In accordance with SFAS No. 142, we concluded that events had occurred and circumstances had
changed during the second quarter of 2008 which required us to perform an interim period goodwill
impairment test. Subsequent to the first quarter of 2008, we experienced a significant decline in
market capitalization due to overall airline industry conditions driven by record high fuel prices.
The price of fuel became less volatile in the second quarter of 2008, and there was a sustained
surge in fuel prices. On May 21, 2008, the price per barrel of oil hit a then record high of $133
per barrel and from that date through June 30, 2008 stayed at an average daily price of $133 per
barrel. Our average mainline fuel price during the second quarter of 2008 was $3.63 as compared to
$2.88 per gallon in the first quarter of 2008 and $2.20 for the full year 2007. This increase in
the price per gallon of fuel represented an increase of 26% and 65% as compared to the first
quarter of 2008 and full year 2007, respectively. Our average stock price in the second quarter of
2008 was $6.13 as compared to an average of $12.15 in the first quarter of 2008, a decline of 50%.
In addition, we announced in June 2008 that in response to the record high fuel prices, we planned
to reduce fourth quarter 2008 and full year 2009 domestic mainline capacity.
During the second quarter of 2008, we performed the first step of the two-step impairment test
and compared the fair value of the mainline reporting unit to its carrying value. Consistent with
our approach in our annual impairment testing, in assessing the fair value of the reporting unit,
we considered both the market approach and income approach. Under the market approach, the fair
value of the reporting unit is based on quoted market prices and the number of shares outstanding
for our common stock. Under the income approach, the fair value of the reporting unit is based on
the present value of estimated future cash flows. The income approach is
dependent on a number of significant management assumptions, including estimates of future
capacity, passenger yield, traffic, fuel, other operating costs and discount rates. Due to current
market conditions, greater weighting was attributed to the market approach, which was weighted 67%
while the income approach was weighted 33% in arriving at the fair value of the reporting unit. We
determined that the fair value of the mainline reporting unit was less than the carrying value of
the net assets of the reporting unit, and thus we performed step two of the impairment test.
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In step two of the impairment test, we determined the implied fair value of the goodwill and
compared it to the carrying value of the goodwill. We allocated the fair value of the reporting
unit to all of our assets and liabilities as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business
combination and the fair value of the mainline reporting unit was the price paid to acquire the
reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its
assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. Our step two analysis resulted in no
implied fair value of goodwill, and therefore, we recognized an impairment charge of $622 million
in the second quarter of 2008, representing a write off of the entire amount of our previously
recorded goodwill.
The following table reflects the change in the carrying amount of goodwill from December 31,
2007 (in millions):
Goodwill | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
$ | 622 | ||
Impairment charge |
(622 | ) | ||
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
$ | | ||
Impairment of Intangible and Other Assets
We assess the impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In addition, our
international route authorities and trademark intangible assets are classified as indefinite lived
assets and are reviewed for impairment annually. Factors which could trigger an impairment review
include the following: significant changes in the manner of use of the assets; significant
underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results; or significant
negative industry or economic trends. An impairment has occurred when the future undiscounted cash
flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those items.
Cash flow estimates are based on historical results adjusted to reflect managements best estimate
of future market and operating conditions. The net carrying value of assets not recoverable is
reduced to fair value. Estimates of fair value represent managements best estimate based on
appraisals, industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions. Changes in industry
capacity and demand for air transportation can significantly impact the fair value of aircraft and
related assets.
In connection with completing step two of our goodwill impairment analysis in the second
quarter of 2008, we assessed the fair values of our significant intangible assets. Our other
intangible assets of $558 million as of June 30, 2008 consisted principally of airport take-off and
landing slots and airport gate leasehold rights of $473 million which are subject to amortization
and $85 million of international route authorities and trademarks which are classified as
indefinite lived assets under SFAS No. 142. We considered the potential impairment of these other
intangible assets in accordance with SFAS No. 142 and SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment
or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, as applicable. The fair values of airport take-off and landing
slots and international route authorities were assessed using the market approach. The market
approach took into consideration relevant supply and demand factors at the related airport
locations as well as available market sale and lease data. For trademarks, we utilized a form of
the income approach known as the relief-from-royalty method. As a result of these assessments, no
impairment was indicated. In addition, we performed the annual impairment test on our international
route authorities and trademarks during the fourth quarter of 2008, at which time we concluded that
no impairment exists. We will perform our next annual impairment test on October 1, 2009.
In connection with completing step two of our goodwill impairment analysis in the second
quarter of 2008, we also assessed the current fair values of our other significant assets including
owned aircraft, aircraft leases, and aircraft spare parts. We concluded that the only additional
impairment indicated was associated with the decline in fair value of certain spare parts
associated with our Boeing 737 fleet. Due to record high fuel prices and the industry environment
in 2008, demand for the Boeing 737 aircraft type declined given its lower fuel efficiency as
compared to other aircraft types. The fair value of these spare parts was determined using a market
approach on the premise of continued use of the aircraft through our final scheduled lease return.
In accordance with SFAS No. 144, we determined that the carrying amount of the Boeing 737
spare parts classified as long-lived assets was not recoverable as the carrying amount of the
Boeing 737 assets was greater than the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected from the use and
disposition of these assets. As a result of this impairment analysis, we recorded a $13 million
impairment
charge in the second quarter of 2008 related to Boeing 737 rotable parts included in flight
equipment on our consolidated balance sheet. We also recorded a $5 million write down in the second
quarter of 2008 related to our Boeing 737 spare parts inventory included in materials and supplies,
net on our consolidated balance sheet to reflect lower of cost or market.
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Investments in Marketable Securities
We account for investments in marketable securities in accordance with the provisions of SFAS
No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Management determines
the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such
designation as of each balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2008, all current investments in
marketable securities were classified as held to maturity and all noncurrent investments in
marketable securities, consisting entirely of auction rate securities, are classified as available
for sale.
We determine the fair value of our available for sale securities using the criteria of
SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, which we adopted on January 1, 2008. SFAS No. 157, among
other things, defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and
expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a
recurring or nonrecurring basis. SFAS No. 157 clarifies that fair value is an exit price,
representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in
an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based
measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in
pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, SFAS No. 157
establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair
value as follows:
Level 1. | Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; | |||
Level 2. | Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and | |||
Level 3. | Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. |
We estimate the fair value of our auction rate securities based on the following: (i) the
underlying structure of each security; (ii) the present value of future principal and interest
payments discounted at rates considered to reflect current market conditions; (iii) consideration
of the probabilities of default, passing a future auction, or repurchase at par for each period;
and (iv) estimates of the recovery rates in the event of default for each security. These estimated
fair values could change significantly based on future market conditions.
We review declines in the fair value of our investments in marketable securities in accordance
with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Staff Position (FSP) SFAS 115-1 and 124-1,
The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, to
determine the classification of the impairment as temporary or other than temporary. A temporary
impairment charge results in an unrealized loss being recorded in the other comprehensive income
component of stockholders equity. Unrealized losses are recognized in our consolidated statement
of operations when a decline in fair value is determined to be other than temporary. We review our
investments on an ongoing basis for indications of possible impairment, and if impairment is
identified, we determine whether the impairment is temporary or other than temporary. Determination
of whether the impairment is temporary or other than temporary requires significant judgment. The
primary factors that we consider in classifying the impairment include the extent and period of
time the fair value of each investment has declined below its cost basis, the expected holding or
recovery period for each investment, and our intent and ability to hold each investment until
recovery.
Refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section for further discussion of our
investments in marketable securities.
Frequent Traveler Program
The Dividend Miles frequent traveler program awards miles to passengers who fly on US Airways
and Star Alliance carriers and certain other airlines that participate in the program. We use the
incremental cost method to account for the portion of our frequent flyer liability incurred when
Dividend Miles members earn mileage credits. We have an obligation to provide this future travel
and have therefore recognized an expense and recorded a liability for mileage awards. Outstanding
miles may be redeemed for travel on any airline that participates in the program, in which case we
pay a designated amount to the transporting carrier.
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Members may not reach the threshold necessary for a travel award and outstanding miles may not
be redeemed. Therefore, in calculating the liability we estimate how many miles will never be used
for an award and exclude those miles from the estimate of the liability. Estimates are also made
for the number of miles that will be used per award and the number of awards that will be redeemed
on partner airlines. These estimates are based on past customer behavior. Estimated future
travel awards for travel on US Airways are valued at the combined estimated average incremental
cost of carrying one additional passenger. Incremental costs include unit costs for fuel, credit
card fees, insurance, denied boarding compensation and food and beverages. No profit or overhead
margin is included in the accrual for incremental costs. For travel awards on partner airlines, the
liability is based upon the gross payment to be paid to the other airline for redemption on the
other airline. A change to these cost estimates, actual redemption activity or award redemption
level could have a material impact on the liability in the year of change as well as future years.
Incremental changes in the liability resulting from participants earning or redeeming mileage
credits or changes in assumptions used for the related calculations are recorded in the statement
of operations as part of the regular review process. At December 31, 2008, we have assumed 10% of
our future travel awards accrued will be redeemed on partner airlines. A 1% increase or decrease in
the percentage of awards redeemed on partner airlines would have a $5 million impact on the
liability as of December 31, 2008.
As of December 31, 2008, Dividend Miles members had accumulated mileage credits for
approximately 2.6 million awards. The liability for the future travel awards accrued on our balance
sheet within other accrued expenses was $151 million as of December 31, 2008. The number of awards
redeemed for travel during the year ended December 31, 2008 was approximately 0.9 million,
representing approximately 4% of US Airways RPMs during that period. The use of certain inventory
management techniques minimizes the displacement of revenue passengers by passengers traveling on
award tickets.
US Airways also sells frequent flyer program mileage credits to participating airline partners
and non-airline business partners. Revenue earned from selling these mileage credits to other
companies is recognized in two components. A portion of the revenue from these sales is deferred,
representing the estimated fair value of the transportation component of the sold mileage credits.
The deferred revenue for the transportation component is amortized on a straight-line basis over
the period in which the credits are expected to be redeemed for travel as passenger revenue, which
is currently estimated to be 28 months. The marketing component, which is earned at the time the
miles are sold, is recognized in other revenues at the time of the sale. As of December 31, 2008,
we had $240 million in deferred revenue from the sale of mileage credits included in other accrued
expenses on our balance sheet. A change to either the period over which the credits are used or the
estimated fair value of credits sold could have a significant impact on revenue in the year of
change as well as future years.
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance
At December 31, 2008, US Airways Group has a full valuation allowance against its net deferred
tax assets. In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets, we considered whether it was
more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, in
accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. We generated NOL in 2008, which was
reserved by this full valuation allowance.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. This standard
defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America, and expands disclosure about fair value
measurements. This pronouncement applies to other accounting standards that require or permit fair
value measurements. Accordingly, this statement does not require any new fair value measurement.
This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods
within those fiscal years. In December 2007, the FASB agreed to a one year deferral of
SFAS No. 157s fair value measurement requirements for nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are
not required or permitted to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. As such, we did not
apply the fair value measurement requirements of SFAS No. 157 for nonfinancial assets and
liabilities when performing our goodwill and other assets impairment test as discussed above in
Critical Accounting Policies. We adopted SFAS No. 157 on January 1, 2008, which had no effect on
our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations. SFAS
No. 141R is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and adjusts certain
guidance related to recording nearly all transactions where one company gains control of another.
The statement revises the measurement principle to require fair value measurements on the
acquisition date for recording acquired assets and liabilities. It also changes the requirements
for recording acquisition-related costs and liabilities. Additionally, the statement revises the
treatment of valuation allowance adjustments related to income tax benefits in existence prior to a
business combination. The current standard, SFAS No. 141, requires that adjustments to these
valuation allowances be recorded as adjustments to goodwill or intangible assets if no goodwill
exists, while the new standard will require companies to adjust current income tax expense.
Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 141R and all
future decreases in the valuation allowance established in purchase accounting as a result of
the merger will be recognized as a reduction to income tax expense.
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On January 1, 2008, we adopted the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158, Employers
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB
Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). The measurement date provisions require plan assets and
obligations to be measured as of the employers balance sheet date. We previously measured our
other postretirement benefit obligations as of September 30 each year. As a result of the adoption
of the measurement date provisions, we recorded a $2 million increase to our postretirement benefit
liability and a $2 million increase to accumulated deficit, representing the net periodic benefit
cost for the period between the measurement date utilized in 2007 and the beginning of 2008. The
adoption of the measurement provisions of SFAS No. 158 had no effect on our consolidated statements
of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued FSP Accounting Principles Board (APB) 14-1, Accounting for
Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash
Settlement). FSP APB 14-1 applies to convertible debt instruments that, by their stated terms, may
be settled in cash (or other assets) upon conversion, including partial cash settlement of the
conversion option. FSP APB 14-1 requires bifurcation of the instrument into a debt component that
is initially recorded at fair value and an equity component. The difference between the fair value
of the debt component and the initial proceeds from issuance of the instrument is recorded as a
component of equity. The liability component of the debt instrument is accreted to par using the
effective yield method; accretion is reported as a component of interest expense. The equity
component is not subsequently re-valued as long as it continues to qualify for equity treatment.
FSP APB 14-1 must be applied retrospectively to previously issued cash-settleable convertible
instruments as well as prospectively to newly issued instruments. FSP APB 14-1 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We
adopted FSP APB 14-1 on January 1, 2009.
Our 7% Senior Convertible Notes due 2020 (the 7% notes) are subject to the provisions of FSP
APB 14-1 since the 7% notes can be settled in cash upon conversion. We concluded that the fair
value of the equity component of the 7% notes at the time of issuance in 2005 was $47 million. Upon
retrospective application, the adoption resulted in a $29 million increase in accumulated deficit
at December 31, 2008, comprised of non-cash interest expense of $17 million for the years 2005-2008
and non-cash losses on debt extinguishment of $12 million related to the partial conversion of
certain of the 7% notes to common stock in 2006. Refer to Note 1 in Item 8A of this report for
additional information on the adoption of FSP APB 14-1.
In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial
Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active. FSP FAS 157-3 clarifies the application of
SFAS No. 157 in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key
considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that
financial asset is not active. FSP FAS 157-3 is effective upon issuance, including prior periods
for which financial statements have not been issued. Revisions resulting from a change in the
valuation technique or its application should be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate
following the guidance in SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. FSP FAS 157-3
is effective as of October 10, 2008, and the application of FSP FAS 157-3 had no impact on our
consolidated financial statements.
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