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Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to
Commission file number: 001-33881
MEDASSETS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
DELAWARE   51-0391128
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
     
100 North Point Center East, Suite 200
Alpharetta, Georgia
  30022
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (678) 323-2500
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
N/A
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ     No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o     No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer þ  Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller Reporting Company  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o     No þ
As of November 5, 2009, the registrant had 56,576,644 shares of $0.01 par value common stock outstanding.
 
 

 


 

INDEX
         
    3  
    3  
    3  
    4  
    5  
    6  
    7  
    28  
    48  
    49  
    49  
    49  
    50  
    50  
    50  
    50  
    50  
    50  
    50  
EX-31.1 SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF CEO
       
EX-31.2 SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF CFO
       
EX-32.1 SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF CEO AND CFO
       
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1

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Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
MedAssets, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
ASSETS
               
Current
               
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 1)
  $ 4,675     $ 5,429  
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,898 and $2,247 as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    55,638       55,048  
Deferred tax asset, current
    13,780       13,780  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    7,476       5,997  
 
           
Total current assets
    81,569       80,254  
Property and equipment, net
    53,123       42,417  
Other long term assets
               
Goodwill
    511,861       508,748  
Intangible assets, net
    102,756       124,340  
Other
    19,586       18,101  
 
           
Other long term assets
    634,203       651,189  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 768,895     $ 773,860  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities
               
Accounts payable
  $ 6,954     $ 6,725  
Accrued revenue share obligation and rebates
    24,700       29,698  
Accrued payroll and benefits
    17,851       21,837  
Other accrued expenses
    7,846       6,981  
Deferred revenue, current portion
    25,886       24,280  
Deferred purchase consideration (Note 3)
          19,361  
Current portion of notes payable
    2,499       30,277  
Current portion of finance obligation
    159       149  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    85,895       139,308  
Notes payable, less current portion
    228,287       215,349  
Finance obligation, less current portion
    9,737       9,860  
Deferred revenue, less current portion
    5,483       6,411  
Deferred tax liability
    13,834       15,817  
Other long term liabilities
    5,296       4,176  
 
           
Total liabilities
    348,532       390,921  
Commitments and contingencies
               
Stockholders’ equity
               
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 56,488,000 and 53,917,000
               
shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
    565       539  
Additional paid in capital
    632,631       605,340  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 11)
    (1,957 )     (2,088 )
Accumulated deficit
    (210,876 )     (220,852 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    420,363       382,939  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 768,895     $ 773,860  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (In thousands, except per share amounts)  
 
                               
Revenue:
                               
Administrative fees, net
  $ 25,631     $ 25,663     $ 78,495     $ 78,355  
Other service fees
    56,762       50,309       167,091       117,610  
 
                       
Total net revenue
    82,393       75,972       245,586       195,965  
 
                       
Operating expenses:
                               
Cost of revenue (inclusive of certain amortization expense)
    21,472       17,101       55,830       36,252  
Product development expenses
    4,156       4,719       15,424       11,027  
Selling and marketing expenses
    10,038       9,641       36,529       32,096  
General and administrative expenses
    23,039       22,779       77,971       66,054  
Depreciation
    3,125       2,581       9,020       7,051  
Amortization of intangibles
    7,018       7,324       21,029       16,117  
Impairment of intangibles (Note 3)
                      2,079  
 
                       
Total operating expenses
    68,848       64,145       215,803       170,676  
 
                       
Operating income
    13,545       11,827       29,783       25,289  
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest (expense)
    (4,259 )     (5,803 )     (14,015 )     (15,120 )
Other income (expense)
    223       228       404       (2,101 )
 
                       
Income before income taxes
    9,509       6,252       16,172       8,068  
Income tax expense
    3,613       2,566       6,196       3,259  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 5,896     $ 3,686     $ 9,976     $ 4,809  
 
                       
Basic and diluted income per share:
                               
Basic net income
  $ 0.11     $ 0.07     $ 0.18     $ 0.10  
 
                       
Diluted net income
  $ 0.10     $ 0.07     $ 0.17     $ 0.09  
 
                       
Weighted average shares — basic
    54,792       53,715       54,589       48,493  
Weighted average shares — diluted
    57,855       56,136       57,223       51,035  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
                                                 
                            Accumulated                
                    Additional     Other             Total  
    Common Stock     Paid-In     Comprehensive     Accumulated     Stockholders’  
    Shares     Par Value     Capital     Income (Loss)     Deficit     Equity  
    (In thousands)  
Balances at December 31, 2008
    53,917     $ 539     $ 605,340     $ (2,088 )   $ (220,852 )   $ 382,939  
 
                                               
Issuance of common stock from stock option exercises
    1,509       15       8,318                   8,333  
Issuance of common restricted stock
    1,062       11       (11 )                  
Stock compensation expense
                12,911                   12,911  
Excess tax benefit from stock option exercises
                6,073                   6,073  
Other comprehensive income:
                                               
Unrealized gain from hedging
activities (net of a tax expense of $77)
                      131             131  
Net income
                            9,976       9,976  
 
                                   
Comprehensive income
                      131       9,976       10,107  
 
                                   
Balances at September 30, 2009
    56,488     $ 565     $ 632,631     $ (1,957 )   $ (210,876 )   $ 420,363  
 
                                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008  
    (In thousands)  
Operating activities
               
Net income
  $ 9,976     $ 4,809  
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Bad debt expense
    3,823       1,457  
Depreciation
    10,858       7,359  
Amortization of intangibles
    21,585       16,806  
Loss (gain) on sale of assets
    147       (119 )
Noncash stock compensation expense
    12,911       6,591  
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options
    (6,073 )     (1,697 )
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    1,382       895  
Noncash interest expense, net
    1,049       906  
Impairment of intangibles
          2,079  
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense
    (36 )     937  
Changes in assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
    (4,536 )     (5,356 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    (1,480 )     (819 )
Other long-term assets
    (3,580 )     (1,850 )
Accounts payable
    5,110       785  
Accrued revenue share obligations and rebates
    (4,998 )     (9,327 )
Accrued payroll and benefits
    (4,090 )     1,768  
Other accrued expenses
    (2,773 )     949  
Deferred revenue
    676       4,932  
 
           
Cash provided by operating activities
    39,951       31,105  
 
           
Investing activities
               
Purchases of property, equipment and software
    (9,233 )     (3,891 )
Capitalized software development costs
    (12,268 )     (8,378 )
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 3)
    (18,275 )     (209,423 )
 
           
Cash used in investing activities
    (39,776 )     (221,692 )
 
           
Financing activities
               
Decrease in restricted cash
          20  
Proceeds from notes payable
    71,797       142,629  
Repayment of notes payable and capital lease obligations
    (86,638 )     (85,615 )
Repayment of finance obligations
    (494 )     (483 )
Debt issuance costs
          (6,167 )
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options
    6,073       1,697  
Interest accrued on note receivable from stockholders
          (18 )
Payment on note receivable from stockholders
          49  
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
    8,333       1,523  
 
           
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (929 )     53,635  
 
           
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (754 )     (136,952 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    5,429       136,952  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 4,675     $  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report to “MedAssets,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” mean MedAssets, Inc., and its subsidiaries and predecessor entities.
1. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
We provide technology-enabled products and services which together deliver solutions designed to improve operating margin and cash flow for hospitals, health systems and other ancillary healthcare providers. Our customer-specific solutions are designed to efficiently analyze detailed information across the spectrum of revenue cycle and spend management processes. Our solutions integrate with existing operations and enterprise software systems of our customers and provide financial improvement with minimal upfront costs or capital expenditures. Our operations and customers are primarily located throughout the United States.
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2008, derived from audited financial statements, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01 of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required for complete financial statements are not included herein. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information have been included. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2009.
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2008 included in our Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2009. These financial statements include the accounts of MedAssets, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
All of our highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are carried at fair value and are considered to be cash equivalents. During 2008, we voluntarily changed our cash management practice in an effort to reduce our amount of interest expense and indebtedness. Currently, our excess cash on hand is voluntarily used to repay our swing-line credit facility on a daily basis and applied against our revolving credit facility on a routine basis when our swing-line credit facility is undrawn. Cash and cash equivalents were $4,675 and $5,429 as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. See Note 5 for immediately available cash under our revolving credit facility.
2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Accounting Standards Codification
In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued its final Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 168 — The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162. SFAS No. 168 made the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”) the single source of U.S. GAAP used by non-governmental entities in the preparation of financial statements, except for rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal securities laws, which are sources of authoritative accounting guidance for SEC registrants. The Codification is meant to simplify user access to all authoritative accounting guidance by reorganizing U.S. GAAP pronouncements into approximately 90 accounting topics within a consistent structure; its purpose is not to create new accounting and reporting guidance. The Codification supersedes all existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards and was effective for us beginning July 1, 2009. Following SFAS No. 168, the Board will not issue new standards in the form of Statements, FASB Staff Positions, or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts; instead, it will issue Accounting Standards Updates. The FASB will not consider Accounting Standards Updates as authoritative in their own right; these updates will serve only to update the Codification, provide background information about the guidance, and provide the basis for conclusions on the change(s) in the Codification. As a result of adopting this standard, we no longer reference specific standards under the pre-codification naming convention and all references to accounting standards are made in plain english as defined by the SEC.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Revenue Recognition
In October 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standards update for multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. The update addressed the accounting for multiple-deliverable arrangements to enable vendors to account for products or services separately rather than as a combined unit. The update also addresses how to separate deliverables and how to measure and allocate arrangement consideration to one or more units of accounting. The amendments in the update significantly expand the disclosures related to a vendor’s multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements with the objective of providing information about the significant judgments made and changes to those judgments and how the application of the relative selling-price method of determining stand-alone value affects the timing or amount of revenue recognition. The accounting standards update will be applicable for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2010, however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this update on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Software
In October 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standards update relating to certain revenue arrangements that include software elements. The update will change the accounting model for revenue arrangements that include both tangible products and software elements. Among other things, tangible products containing software and non-software components that function together to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality are no longer within the scope of software revenue guidance. In addition, the update also provides guidance on how a vendor should allocate arrangement consideration to deliverables in an arrangement that includes tangible products and software. The accounting standards update will be applicable for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2010, however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this update on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets
In June 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to generally accepted accounting principles relating to transfers and servicing. The guidance eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity, creates more stringent conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale, clarifies other sale-accounting criteria, and changes the initial measurement of a transferor’s interest in transferred financial assets. The guidance is applicable for annual periods ending after November 15, 2009 and interim periods thereafter. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of the adoption of this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
In June 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to generally accepted accounting principles relating to consolidation. The guidance eliminates previous exceptions to consolidating qualifying special-purpose entities, contains new criteria for determining the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, and increases the frequency of required reassessments to determine whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. The guidance also contains a new requirement that any term, transaction, or arrangement that does not have a substantive effect on an entity’s status as a variable interest entity, a company’s power over a variable interest entity, or a company’s obligation to absorb losses or its right to receive benefits of an entity must be disregarded in applying the guidance. The guidance is applicable for annual periods after November 15, 2009 and interim periods thereafter. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of the adoption of this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Subsequent Events
In May 2009, the FASB issued generally accepted accounting principles for subsequent events. The guidance establishes general standards regarding the disclosure of, and the accounting for events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. The guidance requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date, that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. The guidance is effective for interim and annual financial periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Business Combinations
In April 2009, the FASB issued generally accepted accounting principles relating to the accounting for assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies. The guidance amends and clarifies generally accepted accounting principles for business combinations to address application issues on the initial recognition and measurement, subsequent measurement and accounting, and disclosure of assets and liabilities arising from contingencies in a business combination. This guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The guidance was effective for us beginning January 1, 2009 and will apply to business combinations completed on or after that date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value Measurements
In April 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to generally accepted accounting principles relating to the disclosures about fair value of financial instruments and interim financial reporting, which is effective for the Company June 30, 2009. The guidance requires a publicly traded company to include disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments whenever it issues summarized financial information for interim reporting periods. In addition, the guidance requires an entity to disclose either in the body or the accompanying notes of its summarized financial information the fair value of all financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value, whether recognized or not recognized in the statement of financial position, as required by general accounting principles for financial instruments. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
In March 2008, the FASB issued generally accepted accounting principles relating to the disclosure about derivative instruments and hedging activities. The guidance seeks to improve financial reporting for derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures regarding the impact on financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. To achieve this increased transparency, the guidance requires (1) the disclosure of the fair value of derivative instruments and gains and losses in a tabular format; (2) the disclosure of derivative features that are credit risk-related; and (3) cross-referencing within the footnotes. We adopted the guidance on January 1, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. ACQUISITION AND RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES
Accuro Acquisition
On June 2, 2009, we finalized the acquisition purchase price and related purchase price allocation of Accuro Healthcare Solutions, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, “Accuro”), which was acquired on June 2, 2008 (the “Accuro Acquisition”).
In connection with the purchase consideration paid upon the closing of the Accuro Acquisition, which occurred on June 2, 2008, we recorded an initial liability (or the “deferred purchase consideration”) of $18,500 on our balance sheet, representing the present value of $20,000 in deferred purchase consideration payable on the first anniversary date of the closing of the Accuro Acquisition as required by the purchase agreement. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, we recognized approximately zero and $639, respectively, in interest expense to accrete the Accuro deferred purchase consideration to its face value by the first anniversary of the Accuro Acquisition closing date or June 2, 2009.
On June 2, 2009, we reduced the $20,000 deferred purchase consideration by approximately $224 due to certain adjustments allowed for under the purchase agreement and we paid $19,776 (inclusive of $1,501 of imputed interest) in cash to the former shareholders of Accuro to satisfy the deferred purchase consideration obligation. We acquired all the outstanding stock of Accuro for a total purchase price of $357,635 comprised of $228,248 in cash, including $5,355 in acquisition related costs, and approximately 8,850,000 unregistered shares of our common stock valued at $129,387.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we deemed several intangible assets to be impaired in combination with our purchase of Accuro. We incurred certain impairment expenses (primarily related to acquired developed technology from prior acquisitions, revenue cycle management tradename and internally developed software product write-offs) of approximately $2,079. These expenses have been recorded to the impairment line item within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Accuro Purchase Price Allocation
The following table details the final purchase price and purchase price allocation for the Accuro Acquisition (unaudited):
                         
    Preliminary                
    Purchase             Final  
    Price             Purchase  
    Allocation             Price  
    December             Allocation  
    31, 2008     Adjustments     June 2, 2009  
Current assets
  $ 9,113     $ (124 )   $ 8,989  
Property and equipment
    4,853             4,853  
Other long term assets
    169             169  
Goodwill
    275,899       3,113       279,012  
Intangible assets
    87,700             87,700  
 
                 
Total assets acquired
    377,734       2,989       380,723  
Current liabilities
    14,474       3,282       17,756  
Other long term liabilities
    5,401       (69 )     5,332  
 
                 
Total liabilities assumed
    19,875       3,213       23,088  
 
                 
Total purchase price
  $ 357,859     $ (224 )   $ 357,635  
 
                 
Prior to the one year anniversary of the acquisition, we made certain adjustments to finalize the purchase price allocation of Accuro. These adjustments have been recognized as assets acquired or liabilities assumed in the Accuro Acquisition and included in the allocation of the cost to acquire Accuro and, accordingly, have resulted in a net increase to goodwill of approximately $3,113. The adjustments primarily relate to the following:
    a $3,463 increase associated with restructuring activities, consisting of estimated severance costs, facility lease termination penalties, system migration and standardization as well as other restructuring costs (as further described below);
 
    a $224 decrease related to adjustments to the final deferred purchase consideration; and
 
    a $126 decrease associated with adjusting assets acquired and liabilities assumed to fair value.
Accuro Restructuring Plan
In connection with the Accuro Acquisition, our management approved, committed and initiated a plan to restructure our operations resulting in certain management, system and organizational changes within our Revenue Cycle Management segment. As a result of the finalization of our purchase price allocation, we adjusted our preliminary purchase price allocation by approximately $3,463 comprised of: (i) facility lease termination costs of approximately $3,407 in connection with exiting Accuro’s primary office facility in Dallas, TX; (ii) system migration and standardization costs of approximately $354 to bring certain Accuro systems up to our standards; (iii) estimated severance costs of approximately $108 related to involuntary terminations of acquired employees; and (iv) a reduction of approximately $406 related to other liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition. Any increases or decreases to the estimates of executing the restructuring plan subsequent to June 2009 will be recorded as an adjustment to operating expense.
There were no such adjustments made during the three months ended September 30, 2009.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The changes in the plan are summarized as follows (unaudited):
                                 
    Accrued                     Accrued,  
    December 31,     Adjustments     Cash     September 30,  
    2008     to Costs     Payments     2009  
Accuro Restructuring Plan
                               
Severance
  $ 920     $ 108     $ (752 )   $ 276  
Other
    709       3,355       (582 )     3,482  
 
                       
Total Accuro Restructuring Costs
  $ 1,629     $ 3,463     $ (1,334 )   $ 3,758  
 
                       
We expect that the remaining severance and other costs will be paid out prior to December 31, 2009 with the exception of the Dallas lease termination penalty, of which $2,361 will be paid ratably from September 2009 through January 2011 and the remaining $1,046 will be paid in February 2011.
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The unaudited financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 presented in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of MedAssets and Accuro, on a pro forma basis, as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2008. Accuro’s results of operations have been included in our consolidated results of operations subsequent to the acquisition date of June 2, 2008 and are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. As such, there is not a similar comparison in the table below for the three month period ending September 2009 and 2008.
The 2008 pro forma results include the following non-recurring expenses included in Accuro’s pre-acquisition financial statements that were directly attributable to the acquisition:
    $1,317 related to transaction costs Accuro incurred in relation to its potential initial public offering prior to the Accuro Acquisition;
 
    $1,462 related to one-time contractual severance payments made to certain employees as part of the purchase agreement;
 
    $2,222 related to one-time change of control payments made to certain employees as part of the purchase agreement; and
 
    $2,184 related to the one-time acceleration of unvested Accuro stock options that were repurchased as part of the purchase agreement.
The unaudited pro forma financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 presented below is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2008:
                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30,
    2009   2008
    (Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)
Net revenue
  $ 245,586     $ 224,505  
Net income (loss)
  $ 9,976     $ (1,226 )
Basic net income (loss) per share
  $ 0.18     $ (0.02 )
Diluted net income (loss) per share
  $ 0.17     $ (0.02 )
4. DEFERRED REVENUE
Deferred revenue consists of unrecognized revenue related to advanced customer invoicing or customer payments received prior to revenue being realized and earned. Substantially all of our deferred revenue consists of: (i) deferred administrative fees; net, (ii) deferred service fees; (iii) deferred software and implementation fees; and (iv) other deferred fees, including receipts for our annual customer and vendor meeting received prior to the event.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following table summarizes the deferred revenue categories and balances as of:
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Software and implementation fees
  $ 11,831     $ 13,839  
Service fees
    17,763       14,206  
Administrative fees
    1,674       1,313  
Other fees
    101       1,333  
 
           
Deferred revenue, total
    31,369       30,691  
Less: Deferred revenue, current portion
    (25,886 )     (24,280 )
 
           
Deferred revenue, non-current portion
  $ 5,483     $ 6,411  
 
           
As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, deferred revenue included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that were contingent upon meeting performance targets were $2,654 and $1,174, respectively.
5. NOTES PAYABLE
The balances of our notes payable are summarized as follows as of:
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)          
Notes payable — senior
  $ 230,786     $ 245,176  
Other
          450  
 
           
Total notes payable
    230,786       245,626  
Less: current portion
    (2,499 )     (30,277 )
 
           
Total long-term notes payable
  $ 228,287     $ 215,349  
 
           
On September 11, 2009, we entered into an assignment agreement with Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. (“Lehman”) and Barclays Bank PLC (“Barclays”) whereby Lehman assigned their extended commitments of $15,000 under our revolving credit facility to Barclays. As a result of Lehman’s bankruptcy in September 2008, Lehman had not funded any of its pro rata share of our request to borrow under the revolving credit facility post bankruptcy. Upon the assignment, Barclays funded approximately $2,400 to us representing the pro rata share of unfunded revolver borrowing requests not fulfilled by Lehman. We believe that Barclays has the ability to fund its pro rata share of any future borrowing requests and therefore the commitments outstanding under the revolving credit facility have been increased to the original commitment amount of $125,000. This assignment did not change the existing terms, conditions or covenants under our credit agreement nor did we incur any fees associated with the execution of this assignment agreement.
Our credit agreement contains certain provisions that require us to pay a portion of our outstanding obligations one quarter subsequent to the end of each fiscal year in the form of an excess cash flow payment on the term loan. The amount is determined based on defined percentages of excess cash flow required in the credit agreement. Our current portion of notes payable does not include an amount with respect to any 2010 excess cash flow payment. We will reclassify a portion of our long-term notes payable to a current classification at such time that any 2010 excess cash flow payment becomes estimable.
Interest paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 was approximately $11,313 and $12,725, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we made payments on our term loan balance which included an annual excess cash flow payment to our lender in accordance with our credit facility amounting to approximately $27,516, scheduled principal payments on our senior term loan of $1,874, and repayments of approximately $450 related to other notes payable. In addition, we had net borrowings on our revolving credit facility of approximately $15,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2009, which partially funded our excess cash flow payment. The applicable weighted average interest rate (inclusive of the applicable bank margin) on our term loan facility, revolving credit facility and swing-line component of our revolving credit facility at September 30, 2009 was 4.03%, 2.74% and 4.75%, respectively. At September 30, 2009, we had approximately $15,000 drawn on our revolving credit facility, of which zero was drawn on our swing-line component, resulting in approximately

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
$109,000 of availability under our credit facility inclusive of the swing-line (after giving effect to $1,000 of outstanding but undrawn letters of credit on such date).
Future maturities of principal of notes payable as of September 30, 2009 are as follows:
         
    Amount  
    (Unaudited)  
2009
  $ 625  
2010
    2,499  
2011
    17,499  
2012
    2,499  
2013
    207,664  
Thereafter
     
 
     
Total notes payable
  $ 230,786  
 
     
6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Performance Targets
In the ordinary course of contracting with our customers, we may agree to make some or all of our fees contingent upon a customer’s achievement of financial improvement targets resulting from the use of our services and software. These contingent fees are not recognized as revenue until a customer confirms achievement of the performance targets. We generally receive written customer acknowledgement as and when the performance targets are achieved. Prior to customer confirmation that a performance target has been achieved, we record invoiced contingent fees as deferred revenue on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Often, recognition of this revenue occurs in periods subsequent to the recognition of the associated costs. In the event the performance targets are not achieved, we may be obligated to refund or reduce a portion of our fees.
Legal Proceedings
In August 2007, the former owner of Med-Data Management, Inc. (or “Med-Data”) disputed our earn-out calculation made under the Med-Data Asset Purchase Agreement and alleged that we failed to fulfill our obligations with respect to the earn-out. In November 2007, the former owner filed a complaint alleging that we failed to act in good faith with respect to the operation of Med-Data subsequent to the acquisition which affected the earn-out calculation. The Company refutes these allegations and is vigorously defending itself against these allegations. On March 21, 2008 we filed an answer, denying the plaintiffs’ allegations; and also filed a counterclaim, alleging that the plaintiffs fraudulently induced us to enter into the purchase agreement by intentionally concealing the true status of their relationship with their largest customer. Discovery has been substantially completed, but we currently cannot estimate any probable outcome. The maximum earn-out payable under the Asset Purchase Agreement is $4,000. In addition, the plaintiffs claim that Ms. Hodges, one of the plaintiffs, is entitled to the accelerated vesting of options to purchase 140,000 shares of our common stock that she received in connection with her employment agreement with the Company.
As of September 30, 2009, we are not presently involved in any other legal proceeding, the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Common Stock
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we issued approximately 1,509,000 and 388,000 shares of common stock, respectively, in connection with employee stock option exercises for aggregate exercise proceeds of $8,333 and $1,545, respectively.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we issued 20,000 shares of restricted common stock to a former member of our senior advisory board in exchange for advisory services previously rendered. The market value of the common stock on the date of issuance was approximately $354, which has been recorded as non-cash share-based expense in our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. The restricted shares of common stock vested immediately.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, approximately 2,700 shares of restricted common stock were forfeited due to the resignation of a member of our Board of Directors (the “Board”).
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we issued approximately 8,850,000 unregistered shares of our common stock in connection with our acquisition of Accuro. We valued this equity issuance at $14.62 per share, which was computed using the five-day average of our closing share price for the period beginning two days before the April 29, 2008 announcement of the Accuro Acquisition and ending two days after the announcement in accordance with general accounting principles for business combinations.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we issued approximately 190,000 unregistered shares of our common stock in connection with a cashless exercise of a warrant.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we issued approximately 20,000 shares of our common stock to an unrelated charitable foundation. The market value of the common stock on the date of issuance was approximately $348, which has been recorded as non-cash, non-employee share-based expense in our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we issued approximately 6,000 shares of restricted common stock to a member of our senior advisory board in exchange for advisory services. The estimated fair value of the restricted common stock at the date of issuance was approximately $95. The restricted shares of common stock vest ratably over three years.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded an approximate $556 reduction to non-cash share-based compensation expense to mark shares of common stock collateralizing certain shareholder notes receivable to market value. These shares were subsequently retired and are no longer outstanding.
Share-Based Compensation
As of September 30, 2009, we had outstanding equity awards under our share-based compensation plans in the form of restricted common stock, common stock options, and stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SSARs”). The share-based compensation cost related to equity awards that has been charged against income was $3,951 and $2,452 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the income statement for share-based compensation arrangements related to equity awards was $1,495 and $945 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
The share-based compensation cost related to equity awards that has been charged against income was $12,911 and $6,591 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the income statement for share-based compensation arrangements related to equity awards was $4,884 and $2,541 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
There were no capitalized share-based compensation costs at September 30, 2009 or September 30, 2008.
As of September 30, 2009, we had approximately 1,759,000 shares reserved under our equity incentive plans available for grant. Total share-based compensation expense (inclusive of restricted common stock, common stock options, and SSARs) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 is reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as noted below:
                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)  
Cost of revenue
  $ 778     $ 498     $ 2,407     $ 1,603  
Product development
    90       231       695       488  
Selling and marketing
    680       499       2,242       1,487  
General and administrative
    2,403       1,224       7,567       3,013  
 
                       
Total share-based compensation expense
  $ 3,951     $ 2,452     $ 12,911     $ 6,591  
 
                       
Management Equity Award Grant
On January 5, 2009, the compensation, governance and nominating committee of our Board granted equity awards totaling approximately 3,584,000 underlying shares to certain employees under our Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan. The equity awards are comprised of both restricted common stock and SSARs and are subject to service-based and/or performance-based vesting criteria. The restricted common stock awards have a grant date fair value of $14.74 and the SSARs have a base price of $14.74 which was equal to our closing stock price on the date of grant. The grant date fair market value of the SSARs equity awards was $4.62 as determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
On August 26, 2009, the compensation, governance and nominating committee of our Board granted equity awards totaling approximately 97,000 underlying shares under our Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan. The equity awards are comprised of both restricted common stock and SSARs and are subject to service-based and/or performance-based vesting criteria. The restricted common stock awards have a grant date fair value of $23.11 and the SSARs have a base price of $23.11 which was equal to our closing stock price on the date of grant. The grant date fair market value of the SSARs equity awards was $7.17 as determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.
The following table shows the number of equity awards by type of award granted on January 5, 2009 and August 26, 2009 (unaudited):
                         
    Number of Equity Awards
    January 5,   August 26,    
Award Type   2009   2009   Total
 
                       
Restricted common stock — service based vesting
    340,000       7,000       347,000  
Restricted common stock — performance based vesting
    675,000       14,000       689,000  
 
                       
Restricted common stock awards
    1,015,000       21,000       1,036,000  
 
                       
SSARs — service based vesting
    1,200,000       50,000       1,250,000  
SSARs — performance based based vesting
    1,369,000       26,000       1,395,000  
 
                       
SSARs awards
    2,569,000       76,000       2,645,000  
 
                       
Total management equity awards granted
    3,584,000       97,000       3,681,000  
 
                       
The compensation committee resolved that the Company’s cash earnings per share growth, or Cash EPS growth, will be used as the performance criteria for the SSARs and restricted common stock awards subject to performance-based vesting. Cash EPS, a non-GAAP measure, is defined as the Company’s fully-diluted net income per share excluding non-cash acquisition-related intangible amortization, non-cash share-based compensation expense and certain Board approved non-recurring items on a tax-adjusted basis. The Company’s management team and Board believe the use of Cash EPS as the measure for vesting terms is appropriate as it can be used to analyze the Company’s operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain non-cash and non-recurring items from the Company’s operations, and by reflecting organic growth and accretive business transactions. However, as Cash EPS is a non-GAAP measure, it may not be the sole or best measure for investors to gauge the Company’s overall financial performance. The audit committee of the Board will be responsible for validating the calculation of Cash EPS growth over the relevant period.
Performance-Based Equity Awards
Approximately 1,395,000 SSARs are subject to performance-based vesting and vest upon the achievement of a 25% compounded annual growth rate of Cash EPS for the three-year period ending December 31, 2011. None of the performance-based SSARs will vest unless the Company achieves the aforementioned 25% Cash EPS growth rate.
Approximately 689,000 shares of restricted common stock are subject to performance-based vesting criteria and will vest as follows:
    50% vesting based on achievement of a 15% compounded annual growth rate of Cash EPS for the three-year period ending December 31, 2011;
 
    Pro rata vesting of between 50% and 100% based on achievement of a compounded annual growth rate of Cash EPS between 15% and 25% for the three-year period ending December 31, 2011; and
 
    100% vesting based on achievement of a 25% compounded annual growth rate of Cash EPS for the three-year period ending December 31, 2011.
In addition to meeting the performance targets as discussed above, the grantees must be employed by the Company for a full four years through December 31, 2012 in order for the awards that are subject to performance-based vesting criteria to vest.
Share-based compensation expense for performance-based equity awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected vesting term. We evaluate the probability of performance achievement each reporting period and, if necessary, adjust share-based compensation expense based on expected performance achievement.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
We have recorded non-cash employee share-based compensation expense related to performance-based SSARs of $382 and $1,130, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. As of September 30, 2009, there was $5,318 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the outstanding performance-based SSARs that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the next 3.25 years.
We have recorded non-cash employee share-based compensation expense related to performance-based restricted common stock of $603 and $1,778, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively. As of September 30, 2009, there was $8,391 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the outstanding performance-based restricted common stock that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the next 3.25 years.
Service-Based Equity Awards
The remaining equity awards, comprised of approximately 1,250,000 SSARs and approximately 347,000 shares of restricted common stock are solely service-based and vest over a four-year period, of which the restricted common stock awards vest 100% on December 31, 2012 and the SSARs vest 25% annually beginning on December 31, 2009.
Share-based compensation expense for service-based equity awards is recognized on an accelerated basis over the expected vesting term. We have recorded non-cash employee share-based compensation expense related to service-based SSARs of $670 and $2,034 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively. As of September 30, 2009, there was $3,637 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the outstanding service-based SSARs that will be recognized on an accelerated basis over a weighted average period of 1.50 years.
We have recorded non-cash employee share-based compensation expense related to service-based restricted common stock of $630 and $1,863 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively. As of September 30, 2009, there was $3,202 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the outstanding service-based restricted common stock that will be recognized on an accelerated basis over a weighted average period of 1.49 years.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, approximately 24,000 shares of service-based SSARs were forfeited.
Board Equity Award Grant
On January 15, 2009, the compensation committee granted equity awards totaling approximately 126,500 underlying shares to the members of our Board and senior advisory board under our Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan as compensation for 2009 board service. These grants are part of our standard board compensation plan. The equity awards are comprised of approximately 8,500 shares of restricted common stock and 118,000 SSARs and vest ratably each month through December 31, 2009. The restricted common stock awards have a grant date fair value of $12.98 and the SSARs have a base price of $12.98 which was equal to our closing stock price on the date of grant. The grant date fair market value of the SSARs equity awards was $3.79 as determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.
We have recorded non-cash share-based compensation expense related to the Board and senior advisory board service-based SSARs of approximately $112 and $335, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively, and will recognize an additional $112 over the remainder of 2009. We have recorded non-cash share-based compensation expense related to the Board and senior advisory board service-based restricted common stock of $13 and $63 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively, and will recognize an additional $13 over the remainder of 2009.
In addition, we have recorded non-cash share-based compensation expense related to previously issued restricted common stock to our senior advisory board of approximately $10 and $35 during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We have recorded non-cash share-based compensation expense related to previously issued restricted common stock to our senior advisory board of approximately $36 and $82 during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We will recognize additional non-cash share-based compensation expense of $10, $11 and $2 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively, related to restricted common stock issued for advisory services.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Common Stock Option Awards
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we granted service-based stock options for the purchase of approximately 402,000 and 1,639,000 shares, respectively. The stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 have a weighted average exercise price of $19.15 and have a service vesting period of five years. The stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 have a weighted average exercise price of $16.45 and have a service vesting period of five years, with the exception of 41,000 shares vesting ratably over a ten-month period.
The exercise price of all stock options described above was equal to the market price of our common stock on the date of grant (or “common stock grant-date fair value”), and therefore the intrinsic value of each option grant was zero. The common stock grant-date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 represents the market value of our common stock as of the close of market on the date prior to the grant date.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of each option granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 was $6.32 and $6.87, respectively.
We have recorded non-cash employee share-based compensation expense related to common stock option awards of $1,533 and $2,419 for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We have recorded non-cash employee share-based compensation expense related to common stock option awards of $5,320 and $6,717 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. There was $10,295 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock option awards that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.67 years.
A summary of changes in outstanding options during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 is as follows (unaudited):
                             
                    Weighted      
            Weighted     Average      
            Average     Remaining      
            Exercise     Contractual   Aggregate  
    Shares     Price     Term   Intrinsic Value  
Options outstanding as of January 1, 2009
    7,995,000     $ 8.63     7 years   $ 50,918  
Granted
    402,000       19.15              
Exercised
    (1,509,000 )     5.52              
Forfeited
    (181,000 )     13.41              
 
                       
Options outstanding as of September 30, 2009
    6,707,000     $ 9.84     7 years   $ 85,529  
 
                     
Options exercisable as of September 30, 2009
    2,513,000     $ 7.86     7 years   $ 36,975  
 
                     
The total fair value of stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 was $4,755 and $3,772, respectively.
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, was $19,071 and $4,911, respectively. Our policy for issuing shares upon stock option exercise is to issue new shares of common stock.
The following table summarizes the exercise price range, weighted average exercise price, and remaining contractual lives for the number of stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2009 and 2008 (unaudited):

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                 
    September 30,   September 30,
    2009   2008
Range of exercise prices
  $ 0.63 - $23.11     $ 0.63 - $17.86  
Number of options outstanding
    6,707,000       7,997,000  
Weighted average exercise price
  $ 9.84     $ 8.58  
Weighted average remaining contractual life
  6.9 years     7.9 years  
Equity Award Valuation
Under generally accepted accounting principles for stock compensation, we calculate the grant-date estimated fair value of share-based awards using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Determining the estimated fair value of share-based awards is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including the expected term of the share-based awards, risk-free interest rates over the vesting period, expected dividend rates, the price volatility of the Company’s shares and forfeiture rates of the awards. The guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and adjusted, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The forfeiture rate is estimated based on historical experience. We base fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates.
The fair value of each option grant has been estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (unaudited):
                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30,
    2009   2008
Range of calculated volatility
    31.21% - 34.73 %     32.1% - 36.0 %
Dividend yield
    0 %     0 %
Range of risk free interest rate
    1.36% - 2.46 %     3.00% - 3.56 %
Range of expected term
  4.0 - 5.0 years   5.4 - 6.5 years
It is not practicable for us to estimate the expected volatility of our share price given our limited history as a publicly traded company. Once we have sufficient history as a public company, we will estimate the expected volatility of our share price, which may impact our future share-based compensation. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for stock compensation, we have estimated grant-date fair value of our shares using volatility calculated (“calculated volatility”) from an appropriate industry sector index of comparable entities. We identified similar public entities for which share and option price information was available, and considered the historical volatilities of those entities’ share prices in calculating volatility. Dividend payments were not assumed, as we did not anticipate paying a dividend at the dates in which the various option grants occurred during the year. The risk-free rate of return reflects the weighted average interest rate offered for zero coupon treasury bonds over the expected term of the options. The expected term of the awards represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Based on its limited history, we utilized the “simplified method” as prescribed in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-based Payment, to calculate expected term. For service-based equity awards, compensation cost is recognized using an accelerated method over the vesting or service period and is net of estimated forfeitures. For performance-based equity awards, compensation cost is recognized using a straight-line method over the vesting or performance period and is adjusted each reporting period in which a change in performance achievement is determined and is net of estimated forfeitures.
8. INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, reflected an effective income tax rate of 38.3% and 40.4%, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2009, we recorded estimated research and development tax credits related to our 2008 tax year resulting in a favorable impact on our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. This favorable impact was partially offset by adjustments to reconcile our 2008 income tax provision to our 2008 income tax return.
9. INCOME PER SHARE
We calculate earnings per share (or “EPS”) in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for earnings per share. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing reported net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
outstanding for the reporting. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if our stock options, stock warrants, SSARs and unvested restricted stock were included in our common shares outstanding during the reporting periods.
                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)  
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Income Per Share:
               
Net income
  $ 5,896     $ 3,686  
Denominator for basic income per share weighted average shares
    54,792,000       53,715,000  
Effect of dilutive securities:
               
Stock options
    2,384,000       2,386,000  
Stock settled stock appreciation rights
    287,000        
Restricted stock and stock warrants
    392,000       35,000  
 
           
Denominator for diluted income per share — adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversions
    57,855,000       56,136,000  
Basic income per share:
               
Basic net income per common share
  $ 0.11     $ 0.07  
 
           
Diluted net income per share:
               
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 0.10     $ 0.07  
 
           
                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008  
    (Unaudited)  
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Income Per Share:
               
Net income
  $ 9,976     $ 4,809  
Denominator for basic income per share weighted average shares
    54,589,000       48,493,000  
Effect of dilutive securities:
               
Stock options
    2,275,000       2,507,000  
Stock settled stock appreciation rights
    21,000        
Restricted stock and stock warrants
    338,000       35,000  
 
           
Denominator for diluted income per share — adjusted weighted average shares and assumed conversions
    57,223,000       51,035,000  
Basic income per share:
               
Basic net income per common share
  $ 0.18     $ 0.10  
 
           
Diluted net income per share:
               
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 0.17     $ 0.09  
 
           
The effect of certain dilutive securities has been excluded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 because the impact is anti-dilutive as a result of certain securities strike price being greater than the average market price during the periods presented. The following table provides a summary of those potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,
    2009   2008   2009   2008
    (Unaudited)
Stock options
    69,000       366,000       133,000       396,000  
Stock settled stock appreciation rights
    20,000             39,000        
Restricted stock and stock warrants
    1,000             4,000        
 
                               
Total potentially dilutive securities
    90,000       366,000       176,000       396,000  
10. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We deliver our solutions and manage our business through two reportable business segments, Revenue Cycle Management (or “RCM”) and Spend Management (or “SM”):
    Revenue Cycle Management. Our Revenue Cycle Management segment provides a comprehensive suite of software and services spanning the hospital revenue cycle workflow — from patient admission, charge capture, case management and health information management through claims processing and accounts receivable management. Our workflow solutions, together with our data management and business intelligence tools, increase revenue capture and cash collections, reduce accounts receivable balances and increase regulatory compliance.
 
    Spend Management. Our Spend Management segment provides a comprehensive suite of technology-enabled services that help our customers manage their non-labor expense categories. Our solutions lower supply and medical device pricing and utilization by managing the procurement process through our group purchasing organization portfolio of contracts, consulting services and business intelligence tools.
Generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting define reportable segments as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing financial performance. The guidance indicates that financial information about segments should be reported on the same basis as that which is used by the chief operating decision maker in the analysis of performance and allocation of resources.
Management of the Company, including our chief operating decision maker, uses what we refer to as Segment Adjusted EBITDA as its primary measure of profit or loss to assess segment performance and to determine the allocation of resources. We define Segment Adjusted EBITDA as segment net income (loss) before net interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) as adjusted for other non-recurring, non-cash or non-operating items. Our chief operating decision maker uses Segment Adjusted EBITDA to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA includes expenses associated with sales and marketing, general and administrative and product development activities specific to the operation of the segment. General and administrative corporate expenses that are not specific to the segments, are not included in the calculation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA. All reportable segment revenues are presented net of inter-segment eliminations and represent revenues from external customers.
The following tables present Segment Adjusted EBITDA and financial position information as utilized by our chief operating decision maker. A reconciliation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated net income is included. General corporate expenses are included in the “Corporate” column. Other assets and liabilities are included to provide a reconciliation to total assets and total liabilities.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30, 2009  
    RCM     SM     Corporate     Total  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Results of Operations:
                               
Revenue:
                               
Gross administrative fees(1)
  $     $ 39,222     $     $ 39,222  
Revenue share obligation(1)
          (13,591 )           (13,591 )
Other service fees
    51,635       5,127             56,762  
 
                       
Total net revenue
    51,635       30,758             82,393  
Total operating expenses
    44,067       17,500       7,281       68,848  
 
                       
Operating income (loss)
    7,568       13,258       (7,281 )     13,545  
Interest expense
                (4,259 )     (4,259 )
Other income
    21       57       145       223  
 
                       
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 7,589     $ 13,315     $ (11,395 )   $ 9,509  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    2,883       4,986       (4,256 )     3,613  
 
                       
Net income (loss)
    4,706       8,329       (7,139 )     5,896  
 
                       
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 17,964     $ 15,710     $ (5,126 )   $ 28,548  
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section under Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for additional information.
                                 
    As of September 30, 2009  
    RCM     SM     Corporate     Total  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Financial Position:
                               
Accounts receivable, net
  $ 44,678     $ 31,651     $ (20,691 )   $ 55,638  
Other assets
    570,916       91,967       50,374       713,257  
 
                       
Total assets
    615,594       123,618       29,683       768,895  
Accrued revenue share obligation
          24,700             24,700  
Deferred revenue
    26,856       4,513             31,369  
Other liabilities
    36,043       28,841       227,579       292,463  
 
                       
Total liabilities
  $ 62,899     $ 58,054     $ 227,579     $ 348,532  
                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30, 2008  
    RCM     SM     Corporate     Total  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Results of Operations:
                               
Revenue:
                               
Gross administrative fees(1)
  $     $ 39,867     $     $ 39,867  
Revenue share obligation(1)
          (14,204 )           (14,204 )
Other service fees
    45,791       4,518             50,309  
 
                       
Total net revenue
    45,791       30,181             75,972  
Total operating expenses
    41,702       17,217       5,226       64,145  
 
                       
Operating income (loss)
    4,089       12,964       (5,226 )     11,827  
Interest expense
                (5,803 )     (5,803 )
Other income (expense)
    12       (26 )     242       228  
 
                       
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 4,101     $ 12,938     $ (10,787 )   $ 6,252  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    1,577       5,642       (4,653 )     2,566  
 
                       
Net income (loss)
    2,524       7,296       (6,134 )     3,686  
 
                       
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 14,003     $ 15,207     $ (4,009 )   $ 25,201  
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section under Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for additional information.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009  
    RCM     SM     Corporate     Total  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Results of Operations:
                               
Revenue:
                               
Gross administrative fees(1)
  $     $ 119,498     $     $ 119,498  
Revenue share obligation(1)
          (41,003 )           (41,003 )
Other service fees
    149,425       17,666             167,091  
 
                       
Total net revenue
    149,425       96,161             245,586  
Total operating expenses
    136,205       57,443       22,155       215,803  
 
                       
Operating income (loss)
    13,220       38,718       (22,155 )     29,783  
Interest expense
    (1 )           (14,014 )     (14,015 )
Other (expense) income
    (125 )     141       388       404  
 
                       
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 13,094     $ 38,859     $ (35,781 )   $ 16,172  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    5,017       14,890       (13,711 )     6,196  
 
                       
Net income (loss)
    8,077       23,969       (22,070 )     9,976  
 
                       
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 44,785     $ 46,135     $ (15,529 )   $ 75,391  
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section under Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for additional information.
                                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008  
    RCM     SM     Corporate     Total  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Results of Operations:
                               
Revenue:
                               
Gross administrative fees(1)
  $     $ 117,634     $     $ 117,634  
Revenue share obligation(1)
          (39,279 )           (39,279 )
Other service fees
    102,218       15,392             117,610  
 
                       
Total net revenue
    102,218       93,747             195,965  
Total operating expenses
    100,704       54,289       15,683       170,676  
 
                       
Operating income (loss)
    1,514       39,458       (15,683 )     25,289  
Interest expense
    (3 )     (1 )     (15,116 )     (15,120 )
Other income (expense)
    41       (59 )     (2,083 )     (2,101 )
 
                       
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ 1,552     $ 39,398     $ (32,882 )   $ 8,068  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    604       15,251       (12,596 )     3,259  
 
                       
Net income (loss)
    948       24,147       (20,286 )     4,809  
 
                       
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 26,043     $ 46,547     $ (12,323 )   $ 60,267  
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section under Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for additional information.
Generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting require that the total of the reportable segments’ measures of profit or loss be reconciled to the Company’s consolidated operating results. The following table reconciles Segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated net income for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008:

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)     (Unaudited, in thousands)  
RCM Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 17,964     $ 14,003     $ 44,785     $ 26,043  
SM Adjusted EBITDA
    15,710       15,207       46,135       46,547  
 
                       
Total reportable Segment Adjusted EBITDA
    33,674       29,210       90,920       72,590  
Depreciation
    (2,552 )     (2,165 )     (7,455 )     (5,841 )
Amortization of intangibles
    (7,018 )     (7,324 )     (21,029 )     (16,117 )
Amortization of intangibles (included in cost of revenue)
    (801 )     (233 )     (2,391 )     (995 )
Interest expense, net of interest income(1)
    2       13       12       15  
Income tax
    (7,869 )     (7,219 )     (19,907 )     (15,855 )
Impairment of intangibles(2)
                      (1,916 )
Share-based compensation expense(3)
    (2,402 )     (1,755 )     (7,901 )     (4,720 )
Accuro & XactiMed purchase accounting adjustments(4)
    1       (707 )     (203 )     (2,066 )
 
                       
Total reportable segment net income
    13,035       9,820       32,046       25,095  
Corporate net (loss)
    (7,139 )     (6,134 )     (22,070 )     (20,286 )
 
                       
Consolidated net income
  $ 5,896     $ 3,686     $ 9,976     $ 4,809  
 
(1)   Interest income is included in other income (expense) and is not netted against interest expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
(2)   Impairment of intangibles during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 primarily related to acquired developed technology from prior acquisitions, revenue cycle management tradename and internally developed software products, mainly resulting from the acquired Accuro technology.
 
(3)   Represents non-cash share-based compensation to both employees and directors. We believe excluding this non-cash expense allows us to compare our operating performance without regard to the impact of share-based compensation, which varies from period to period based on amount and timing of grants.
 
(4)   These adjustments include the effect on revenue of adjusting acquired deferred revenue balances, net of any reduction in associated deferred costs, to fair value as of the respective acquisition dates for Accuro and XactiMed, Inc. (or “XactiMed”). The reduction of the deferred revenue balances materially affects period-to-period financial performance comparability and revenue and earnings growth in future periods subsequent to each acquisition and is not indicative of changes in underlying results of operations.
11. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted generally accepted accounting principles for derivatives and hedging which requires companies to provide enhanced qualitative and quantitative disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments and how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under generally accepted accounting principles. As of September 30, 2009, we had an interest rate swap, an interest rate collar and a par forward contract as described below. These derivatives were highly effective and, as a result, we did not record any gain or loss from ineffectiveness in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Interest rate swap
On May 21, 2009, we entered into a London Inter-bank Offered Rate (or “LIBOR”) interest rate swap with a notional amount of $138,276 beginning June 30, 2010, which effectively converts a portion of our variable rate term loan credit facility to a fixed rate debt. The notional amount subject to the swap has pre-set quarterly step downs corresponding to our anticipated principal reduction schedule. The interest rate swap converts the three-month LIBOR rate on the corresponding notional amount of debt to an effective fixed rate of 1.99% (exclusive of the applicable bank margin charged by our lender). The interest rate swap terminates on March 31, 2012 and qualifies as a highly effective cash flow hedge under generally accepted accounting principles for derivatives and hedging.

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
As such, the fair value of the derivative will be recorded in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2009, we recorded the fair value of the swap on our balance sheet as a liability of approximately $340 ($211 net of tax) in other long-term liabilities, and the offsetting loss was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in our stockholders’ equity. If we assess any portion of this to be ineffective, we will reclassify the ineffective portion to current period earnings or loss accordingly.
We determined the fair values of the swap using Level 2 inputs as defined under generally accepted accounting principles for fair value measurements and disclosures because our valuation techniques included inputs that are considered significantly observable in the market, either directly or indirectly. Our valuation technique assessed the swap by comparing each fixed interest payment, or cash flow, to a hypothetical cash flow utilizing an observable market 3-month floating LIBOR rate as of September 30, 2009. Future hypothetical cash flows utilize projected market-based LIBOR rates. Each fixed cash flow and hypothetical cash flow is then discounted to present value utilizing a market observable discount factor for each cash flow. The discount factor fluctuates based on the timing of each future cash flow. The fair value of the swap represents a cumulative total of the differences between the discounted cash flows that are fixed from those that are hypothetical using floating rates.
We considered the credit worthiness of the counterparty of the hedged instrument. Given the recent events in the credit markets and specific challenges related to financial institutions, the Company continues to believe that the size, international presence and US government cash infusion, and track record of the counterparty will allow them to perform under the obligations of the contract and are not a risk of default that would change the highly effective status of the hedged instruments.
Interest rate collar
On June 24, 2008, we entered into an interest rate collar to hedge our interest rate exposure on a notional $155,000 of our outstanding term loan credit facility. The collar sets a maximum interest rate of 6.00% and a minimum interest rate of 2.85% on LIBOR applicable to a $155,000 notional term loan debt. This collar effectively limits our LIBOR interest exposure on this portion of our term loan debt to within that range (2.85% to 6.00%). The collar also does not hedge the applicable margin payable to our lenders on our indebtedness. Settlement payments are made between the hedge counterparty and us on a quarterly basis, coinciding with our term loan installment payment dates, for any rate overage on the maximum rate and any rate deficiency on the minimum rate on the notional amount outstanding. The collar terminates on September 30, 2010 and no consideration was exchanged with the counterparty to enter into the hedging arrangement.
The collar is a highly effective cash flow hedge under generally accepted accounting principles for derivatives and hedging, as the payment and interest rate terms of the instrument coincide with that of our term loan and the instrument was designed to perfectly hedge our variable cash flow risk. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2009, we recorded the fair value of the collar on our balance sheet as a liability of approximately $2,815 ($1,750 net of tax) in other long-term liabilities, and the offsetting loss was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in our stockholders’ equity. If we assess any portion of this to be ineffective, we will reclassify the ineffective portion to current period earnings or loss accordingly.
We determined the fair values of the collar using Level 2 inputs as defined under generally accepted accounting principles for fair value measurements and disclosures because our valuation technique included inputs that are considered significantly observable in the market, either directly or indirectly. Our valuation technique assesses the present value of future expected cash flows using a market observable discount factor that is based on a 3-month LIBOR yield curve adjusted for interest rate volatility. The assumptions utilized to assess volatility are also observable in the market.
We considered the credit worthiness of the counterparty of our hedged instrument. The Company believes that given the size of the hedged instrument and the likelihood that the counterparty would have to perform under the contract (i.e. LIBOR goes above 6.00%) mitigates any potential credit risk and risk of non-performance under the contract.
Par forward contracts
We have a series of par forward contracts to lock in the rate of exchange in U.S. dollar terms at a specific par forward exchange rate of Canadian dollars to one U.S. dollar, with respect to one specific Canadian customer contract. This three-year customer contract extends through April 30, 2010. The hedged instruments are classified as cash flow hedges and are designed to be highly effective at minimizing exchange risk on the contract. We designated this hedge as effective and recorded the fair value of this instrument as an asset of approximately $7 ($4 net of

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
tax) in other long-term assets as of September 30, 2009. The offsetting unrealized gain is recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, in our stockholders’ equity as of September 30, 2009. If we assess any material portion of this to be ineffective, we will reclassify that ineffective portion to current period earnings or loss accordingly.
We determined the fair values of the par forward contracts using Level 2 inputs as defined under generally accepted accounting principles for fair value measurements and disclosures because our valuation techniques included inputs that are considered significantly observable in the market, either directly or indirectly. However, these instruments are not traded in active markets, thus they are not valued using Level 1 inputs. Our valuation technique assessed the par forward contract by comparing each fixed cash flow to a hypothetical cash flow utilizing an observable market spot exchange rate as of September 30, 2009, and then discounting each of those cash flows to present value utilizing a market observable discount factor for each cash flow. The discount factor fluctuates based on the timing of each future cash flow. The fair value represents a cumulative total of each par forward contract calculated fair value.
We considered the credit worthiness of the counterparty of the hedged instrument. Given the recent events in the credit markets and specific challenges related to financial institutions, the Company continues to believe that the size, international presence and US government cash infusion, and track record of the counterparty will allow them to perform under the obligations of the contract and are not a risk of default that would change the highly effective status of the hedged instruments.
Interest rate swap termination
On June 24, 2008, we terminated two floating-to-fixed rate LIBOR-based interest rate swaps, originally entered into in November 2006 and July 2007. The swaps were originally set to fully terminate by July 2010. Such early termination with the counterparty was deemed to be a termination of all future obligations between us and the counterparty. The termination of the swaps resulted in the payment of such liability and the reclassification of the related accumulated other comprehensive loss to current period expense. The result was a charge to expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 of $3,914.
A summary of fair values of our derivatives as of September 30, 2009 is as follows:
                                 
    Asset Derivatives     Liability Derivatives  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2009     2009  
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under   Balance Sheet             Balance Sheet        
generally accepted accounting principles   Location     Fair Value     Location     Fair Value  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
Interest rate contracts
          $     Other long term liabilities   $ 3,155  
Foreign exchange contracts
  Other long term assets     7                
 
                           
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
          $ 7             $ 3,155  
 
                           

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
for the Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2009
                         
    Amount of Gain or (Loss)     Location of Gain or (Loss)     Amount of Gain or (Loss)  
    Recognized in OCI on     Reclassified from     Reclassified from  
Derivatives in   Derivative (Effective     Accumulated OCI into     Accumulated OCI into  
Cash Flow Hedging   Portion)     Income   Income (Effective Portion)  
Relationships   2009     (Effective Portion)     2009  
    (Unaudited)          
 
                       
Interest rate contracts
  $ (281 )     n/a     $  
Foreign exchange contracts
    (72 )     n/a        
 
                   
Total gain recognized in other comprehensive income
  $ (353 )           $  
 
                   
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
for the Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2009
                         
    Amount of Gain or (Loss)     Location of Gain or (Loss)     Amount of Gain or (Loss)  
    Recognized in OCI on     Reclassified from     Reclassified from  
Derivatives in   Derivative (Effective     Accumulated OCI into     Accumulated OCI into  
Cash Flow Hedging   Portion)     Income     Income (Effective Portion)  
Relationships   2009     (Effective Portion)     2009  
    (Unaudited)          
 
                       
Interest rate contracts
  $ 317       n/a     $  
Foreign exchange contracts
    (186 )     n/a        
 
                   
Total gain recognized in other comprehensive income
  $ 131             $  
 
                   
12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
We measure fair value for financial instruments, such as derivatives and non-financial assets, when a valuation is necessary, such as for impairment of long-lived and indefinite-lived assets when indicators of impairment exist in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for fair value measurements and disclosures. This defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measures required under other accounting pronouncements, but does not change existing guidance as to whether or not an instrument is carried at fair value. We adopted the provisions of generally accepted accounting principles for fair value measurements and disclosures for financial instruments effective January 1, 2008 and for non-financial assets effective January 1, 2009.
Refer to Note 11 for information and fair values of our derivative instruments measured on a recurring basis under generally accepted accounting principles for fair value measurements and disclosures.
In estimating our fair value disclosures for financial instruments, we use the following methods and assumptions:
    Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying value reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these items approximates fair value due to the high credit standing of the financial institutions holding these items and their liquid nature;

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MedAssets, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
    Accounts receivable, net: The carrying value reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets is net of allowances for doubtful accounts which includes a degree of counterparty non-performance risk;
 
    Accounts payable and current liabilities: The carrying value reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these items approximates fair value, which is the likely amount for which the liability with short settlement periods would be transferred to a market participant with a similar credit standing as the Company;
 
    Finance obligation: The carrying value of our finance obligation reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value based on current interest rates; and,
 
    Notes payable: The carrying value of our long-term notes payable reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value since they bear interest at variable rates or fixed rates which contain an element of default risk. Refer to Note 5.
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION
We have an agreement with John Bardis, our chief executive officer, for the use of an airplane owned by JJB Aviation, LLC (“JJB”), a limited liability company, owned by Mr. Bardis. We pay Mr. Bardis at market-based rates for the use of the airplane for business purposes. The audit committee of the Board reviews such usage of the airplane annually. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, we incurred charges of $1,184 and $442, respectively, related to transactions with Mr. Bardis.
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
We have evaluated subsequent events through November 6, 2009 for the filing of this Form 10-Q, and determined there has not been any event that has occurred that would require an adjustment to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” (as defined in Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the “Securities Act,” and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the “Exchange Act”) that reflect our expectations regarding our future growth, results of operations, performance and business prospects and opportunities. Words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “intends,” “estimates,” “projects,” “targets,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions have been used to identify these forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying these statements. For purposes of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current beliefs and expectations and are based on information currently available to us. As such, no assurance can be given that our future growth, results of operations, performance and business prospects and opportunities covered by such forward-looking statements will be achieved. We have no intention or obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events, information or circumstances.
A number of important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2009.
Overview
We provide technology-enabled products and services which together deliver solutions designed to improve operating margin and cash flow for hospitals, health systems and other ancillary healthcare providers. Our solutions are designed to efficiently analyze detailed information across the spectrum of revenue cycle and spend management processes. Our solutions integrate with existing operations and enterprise software systems of our customers and provide financial improvement with minimal upfront costs or capital expenditures. Our operations and customers are primarily located throughout the United States.
Management’s primary metrics to measure the consolidated financial performance of the business are net revenue, non-GAAP gross fees, non-GAAP revenue share obligation, non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA margin and non-GAAP Cash EPS.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, our primary results of operations included the following (unaudited):
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended                     Nine Months Ended        
    September 30,     Change     September 30,     Change  
    2009     2008     Amount     %     2009     2008     Amount     %  
    (In millions, except per share amounts)     (In millions, except per share amounts)  
Gross fees(1)
  $ 96.0     $ 90.2     $ 5.8       6.4 %   $ 286.6     $ 235.2     $ 51.4       21.9 %
Revenue share obligation(1)
    (13.6 )     (14.2 )     0.6       (4.2 )     (41.0 )     (39.2 )     (1.8 )     4.6  
                                                 
Total net revenue
    82.4       76.0       6.4       8.4       245.6       196.0       49.6       25.3  
Operating income
    13.5       11.8       1.7       14.4       29.8       25.3       4.5       17.8  
Net income (loss)
  $ 5.9     $ 3.7     $ 2.2       59.5 %   $ 10.0     $ 4.8     $ 5.2       108.3 %
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
  $ 28.5     $ 25.2     $ 3.3       13.1 %   $ 75.4     $ 60.3     $ 15.1       25.0 %
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
    34.6 %     33.2 %                     30.7 %     30.8 %                
Cash EPS(1)
  $ 0.22     $ 0.18     $ 0.04       22.2 %   $ 0.54     $ 0.44     $ 0.10       22.7 %
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for additional information.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, increases in non-GAAP gross fees and total net revenue compared to the same periods ended September 30, 2008 were primarily attributable to:
  organic growth in our Revenue Cycle Management segment due to increased revenue for our reimbursement technologies, revenue cycle services and decision support software; and
  organic growth in our Spend Management segment due to increased demand for our technology solutions consulting services.

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In addition to the factors above, for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, increases in non-GAAP gross fees and total net revenue compared to the same periods ended September 30, 2008 were primarily attributable to the acquisition of Accuro.
Increases in operating income and Cash EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the same periods ending September 30, 2008 were primarily attributable to the net revenue increase discussed above partially offset by the following:
    in the case of operating income, increased share-based compensation expense from the effect of our recent Long Term Performance Incentive Plan;
    increased cost of revenue attributable to a higher percentage of net revenue being derived from more service-based engagements within our Revenue Cycle Management segment; and
    higher operating expenses, exclusive of those mentioned above, relating to such items as legal expense, new employee compensation expense and bad debt expense.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, increases in non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA compared to the same periods ended September 30, 2008 were primarily attributable to the net revenue increase discussed above, as well as lower expense growth due to certain management cost control initiatives and lower performance-based compensation expense during the quarter. In addition, we had a reduction in certain discretionary expenses within our operating infrastructure as well as a higher percentage of our product development being capitalized during the quarter. This was offset primarily by increased cost of revenue from segment revenue and product mix including a shift to more service-based revenue and increased corporate expenses excluding interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and other non-recurring or non-cash expenses.
The non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA margin increased during the three months ended September 30, 2009 primarily because of lower performance-based compensation expense previously described partially offset by the revenue and margin shift to our RCM segment and the unfavorable timing of recognized contingency-based revenue recognition compared to the prior period in our Spend Management segment. The non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA margin during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 remained consistent with the prior period.
Recent Developments
Certain significant items or events must be considered to better understand differences in our results of operations from period to period. We believe that the following item has had a material impact on our results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2009 discussed below and may have a material impact on our results of operations in future periods:
Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan
On January 5, 2009, the compensation committee of our Board granted equity awards totaling 3.6 million underlying shares to certain employees at a fair value of $14.74 per share, of which approximately 36% of the total grant was allocated to the Company’s named executive officers (or “NEOs”), under the Company’s new Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan. Our stock-based compensation expense will increase significantly in current and future periods as compared to prior periods as a result of the issuance of equity awards under the Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan. See Note 7 of the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein for further information.
Segment Structure and Revenue Streams
We deliver our solutions through two business segments, Revenue Cycle Management and Spend Management. Management’s primary metrics to measure segment financial performance are net revenue, non-GAAP gross fees and Segment Adjusted EBITDA. All of our revenues are from external customers and inter-segment revenues have been eliminated. See Note 10 of the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein for discussion on Segment Adjusted EBITDA and certain items of our segment results of operations and financial position.
Revenue Cycle Management
Our Revenue Cycle Management segment provides a comprehensive suite of SaaS-based software services spanning the hospital revenue cycle workflow — from patient admission, charge capture, case management and health information management through claims processing and accounts receivable management. Our workflow solutions, together with our data management and business intelligence tools, increase revenue capture and cash collections, reduce accounts receivable balances and improve regulatory compliance. Our Revenue Cycle Management segment revenue is listed under the caption “Other service fees” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and consists of the following components:

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    Subscription and implementation fees. We earn fixed subscription fees on a monthly or annual basis on multi-year contracts for customer access to our software as a service (“SaaS”) based solutions. We also charge our customers upfront fees for implementation services. Implementation fees are earned over the subscription period or estimated customer relationship period, whichever is longer.
    Transaction fees. For certain revenue cycle management solutions, we earn fees that vary based on the volume of customer transactions or enrolled members.
    Software-related fees. We earn license, consulting, maintenance and other software-related service fees for our business intelligence, decision support and other software products. We have certain Revenue Cycle Management contracts that are sold in multiple-element arrangements and include software products. We have considered Rule 5-03 of Regulation S-X for these types of multiple-element arrangements that include software products and determined the amount is below the threshold that would require separate disclosure on our statement of operations.
    Service fees. For certain revenue cycle management solutions, we earn fees based on a percentage of cash remittances collected, fixed-fee and cost-plus consulting arrangements. The related revenues are earned as services are rendered.
Spend Management
Our Spend Management segment provides a suite of technology-enabled services that help our customers manage their non-labor expense categories. Our solutions lower supply and medical device pricing and utilization by managing the procurement process through our group purchasing organization’s portfolio of contracts, our consulting services and analytical tool sets. Our Spend Management segment revenue consists of the following components:
    Administrative fees and revenue share obligation. We earn administrative fees from manufacturers, distributors and other vendors of products and services with whom we have contracts under which our group purchasing organization customers may purchase products and services. Administrative fees represent a percentage, which we refer to as our administrative fee ratio, typically ranging from 0.25% to 3.00% of the purchases made by our group purchasing organization customers through contracts with our vendors.
      Our group purchasing organization customers make purchases, and receive shipments, directly from the vendors. Generally on a monthly or quarterly basis, vendors provide us with a report describing the purchases made by our customers through our group purchasing organization vendor contracts, including associated administrative fees. We recognize revenue upon the receipt of these reports from vendors.
      Some customer contracts require that a portion of our administrative fees are contingent upon achieving certain financial improvements, such as lower supply costs, which we refer to as performance targets. Contingent administrative fees are not recognized as revenue until the customer confirms achievement of those contractual performance targets. Prior to customer confirmation that a performance target has been achieved, we record contingent administrative fees as deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheet. Often, recognition of this revenue occurs in periods subsequent to the recognition of the associated costs. Should we fail to meet a performance target, we would be contractually obligated to refund some or all of the contingent fees.
      Additionally, in many cases, we are contractually obligated to pay a portion of the administrative fees to our hospital and health system customers. Typically this amount, which we refer to as our revenue share obligation, is calculated as a percentage of administrative fees earned on a particular customer’s purchases from our vendors. Our total net revenue on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is shown net of the revenue share obligation.
    Other service fees. The following items are included as other service fees in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
    Consulting fees. We consult with our customers regarding the costs and utilization of medical devices and implantable physician preference items, or PPI, and the efficiency and quality of their key clinical service lines. Our consulting projects are typically fixed fee projects with an average duration of six to nine months, and the related revenues are earned as services are rendered.
    Subscription fees. We also offer technology-enabled services that provide spend management analytics and data services to improve operational efficiency, reduce supply costs, and increase transparency across spend management processes. We earn fixed subscription fees on a monthly basis for these Company-hosted SaaS-based solutions.

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Operating Expenses
We classify our operating expenses as follows:
    Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue primarily consists of the direct labor costs incurred to generate our revenue. Direct labor costs consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and other direct costs and share-based compensation expenses related to personnel who provide services to implement our solutions for our customers. As the majority of our services are generated internally, our costs to provide these services are primarily labor-driven. A less significant portion of our cost of revenue consists of costs of third-party products and services and client reimbursed out-of-pocket costs. Cost of revenue does not include allocated amounts for rent, depreciation or amortization, but does include the amortization for the cost of software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed. As a result of the Accuro Acquisition and related integration, there may be some reclassifications primarily between cost of revenue and general and administrative expense classifications resulting from the implementation of our accounting policies that could affect period over period comparability. In addition, any changes in revenue mix between our Revenue Cycle Management and Spend Management segments, specifically related to service-type arrangements, may cause significant fluctuations in our cost of revenue and have a favorable or unfavorable impact on operating income.
    Product development expenses. Product development expenses primarily consist of the salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation expense of the technology professionals who develop, support and maintain our software-related products and services. Product development expenses are net of capitalized software development costs.
    Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of costs related to marketing programs (including trade shows and brand messaging), personnel-related expenses for sales and marketing employees (including salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and share-based compensation expense), certain meeting costs and travel-related expenses.
    General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses for administrative employees (including salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and share-based compensation expense) and travel-related expenses, occupancy and other indirect costs, insurance costs, professional fees, and other general overhead expenses.
    Depreciation. Depreciation expense consists primarily of depreciation of fixed assets and the amortization of software, including capitalized costs of software developed for internal use.
    Amortization of intangibles. Amortization of intangibles includes the amortization of all intangible assets (with the exception of software), primarily resulting from acquisitions.
Results of Operations
Consolidated Tables
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations grouped by segment for the periods shown:

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    Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Net revenue:
                               
Revenue Cycle Management
  $ 51,635     $ 45,791     $ 149,425     $ 102,218  
Spend Management
                               
Gross administrative fees(1)
    39,222       39,867       119,498       117,634  
Revenue share obligation(1)
    (13,591 )     (14,204 )     (41,003 )     (39,279 )
Other service fees
    5,127       4,518       17,666       15,392  
 
                       
Total Spend Management
    30,758       30,181       96,161       93,747  
 
                       
Total net revenue
    82,393       75,972       245,586       195,965  
Operating expenses:
                               
Revenue Cycle Management
    44,067       41,702       136,205       100,704  
Spend Management
    17,500       17,217       57,443       54,289  
 
                       
Total segment operating expenses
    61,567       58,919       193,648       154,993  
Operating income
                               
Revenue Cycle Management
    7,568       4,089       13,220       1,514  
Spend Management
    13,258       12,964       38,718       39,458  
 
                       
Total segment operating income
    20,826       17,053       51,938       40,972  
Corporate expenses(2)
    7,281       5,226       22,155       15,683  
 
                       
Operating income
    13,545       11,827       29,783       25,289  
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest expense
    (4,259 )     (5,803 )     (14,015 )     (15,120 )
Other income (expense)
    223       228       404       (2,101 )
 
                       
Income before income taxes
    9,509       6,252       16,172       8,068  
Income tax expense
    3,613       2,566       6,196       3,259  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 5,896     $ 3,686     $ 9,976     $ 4,809  
Reportable segment adjusted EBITDA(3):
                               
Revenue Cycle Management
    17,964       14,003       44,785       26,043  
Spend Management
  $ 15,710     $ 15,207     $ 46,135     $ 46,547  
Reportable segment adjusted EBITDA margin(4):
                               
Revenue Cycle Management
    34.8 %     30.6 %     30.0 %     25.5 %
Spend Management
    51.1 %     50.4 %     48.0 %     49.7 %
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for additional information.
 
(2)   Represents the expenses of corporate office operations. Corporate does not represent an operating segment of the Company.
 
(3)   Management’s primary metric of segment profit or loss to assess segment performance is Segment Adjusted EBITDA. See Note 10 of the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
(4)   Reportable segment Adjusted EBITDA margin represents each reportable segment’s Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of each segment’s respective net revenue.

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008
                                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,
    2009     2008     Change
            % of             % of                
    Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue     Amount     %
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Net revenue:
                                               
Revenue Cycle Management
  $ 51,635       62.7 %   $ 45,791       60.3 %   $ 5,844       12.8 %
Spend Management
                                               
Gross administrative fees(1)
    39,222       47.6       39,867       52.5       (645 )     (1.6 )
Revenue share obligation(1)
    (13,591 )     (16.5 )     (14,204 )     (18.7 )     613       (4.3 )
Other service fees
    5,127       6.2       4,518       5.9       609       13.5  
 
                                   
Total Spend Management
    30,758       37.3       30,181       39.7       577       1.9  
 
                                   
Total net revenue
  $ 82,393       100.0 %   $ 75,972       100.0 %   $ 6,421       8.5 %
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for additional information.
     Total net revenue. Total net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $82.4 million, an increase of $6.4 million, or 8.5%, from total net revenue of $76.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The increase in total net revenue was comprised of a $5.8 million increase in Revenue Cycle Management revenue and an increase of $0.6 million in Spend Management revenue.
     Revenue Cycle Management net revenue. Revenue Cycle Management net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $51.6 million, an increase of $5.8 million, or 12.8%, from net revenue of $45.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was primarily attributable to a $2.3 million increase in revenue from our claims and denial management tools; a $1.5 million increase in revenue from our revenue cycle services; and a $1.4 million increase in revenue from our decision support software.
     Spend Management net revenue. Spend Management net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $30.8 million, an increase of $0.6 million, or 1.9%, from net revenue of $30.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was primarily the result of a $0.6 million increase in other service fees and a $0.6 million decrease in revenue share obligation offset by a $0.6 million decrease in Non-GAAP gross administrative fees, as described below:
    Gross administrative fees. Non-GAAP gross administrative fee revenue decreased by $0.6 million, or 1.6%, as compared to the prior period, due to the following: (i) lower purchasing volumes by existing customers under our group purchasing organization contracts with our manufacturer and distributor vendors primarily resulting from lower hospital patient volumes in the first half of the year. This amounted to a decrease of approximately $0.1 million in non-GAAP gross administrative fees not associated with performance targets for the three months ended September 30, 2009; and (ii) the relative timing of period over period non-GAAP gross administrative fee deferrals due to performance-based customer contracts, which amounted to a decrease in contingent revenue of approximately $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009. We may have fluctuations in our non-GAAP gross administrative fee revenue in future quarters as the timing of vendor reporting and customer acknowledgement of achieved performance targets varies and may not result in discernable trends. In addition, a decrease in customer patient volume and supply utilization, the impact of continued hospital budget challenges and the current economic environment may continue to negatively impact non-GAAP gross administrative fee revenue in the future.
    Revenue share obligation. Non-GAAP revenue share obligation decreased $0.6 million, or 4.3%, as compared to the prior period. The decrease in our revenue share ratio was primarily the result of changes in customer revenue mix during the period and a decrease in non-GAAP gross administrative fees. We analyze the impact of our non-GAAP revenue share obligation on our results of operations by calculating the ratio of non-GAAP revenue share obligation to non-GAAP gross administrative fees (or the “revenue share ratio”). The revenue share ratio for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was 34.7% as compared to 35.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2008. We may also experience fluctuations in our revenue share ratio because of changes in the timing of vendor reporting and the timing of revenue recognition based on performance target achievement for certain customers.
    Other service fees. The $0.6 million or 13.5% increase in other service fees was primarily attributable to our supply chain consulting growth due to an increase in the number of consulting engagements from new and existing customers.

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Total Operating Expenses
                                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008     Change  
            % of             % of              
    Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue     Amount     %  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Operating expenses:
                                               
Cost of revenue
  $ 21,472       26.1 %   $ 17,101       22.5 %   $ 4,371       25.6 %
Product development expenses
    4,156       5.0       4,719       6.2       (563 )     (11.9 )
Selling and marketing expenses
    10,038       12.2       9,641       12.7       397       4.1  
General and administrative expenses
    23,039       28.0       22,779       30.0       260       1.1  
Depreciation
    3,125       3.8       2,581       3.4       544       21.1  
Amortization of intangibles
    7,018       8.5       7,324       9.6       (306 )     (4.2 )
 
                                   
Total operating expenses
    68,848       83.6       64,145       84.4       4,703       7.3  
Operating expenses by segment:
                                               
Revenue Cycle Management
    44,067       53.5       41,702       54.9       2,365       5.7  
Spend Management
    17,500       21.2       17,217       22.7       283       1.6  
 
                                   
Total segment operating expenses
    61,567       74.7       58,919       77.6       2,648       4.5  
Corporate expenses
    7,281       8.8       5,226       6.9       2,055       39.3  
 
                                   
Total operating expenses
  $ 68,848       83.6 %   $ 64,145       84.4 %   $ 4,703       7.3 %
     Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $21.5 million, or 26.1% of total net revenue, an increase of $4.4 million, or 25.6%, from cost of revenue of $17.1 million, or 22.5% of total net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
The increase was primarily attributable to: (i) the continuing change in our revenue mix toward the Revenue Cycle Management segment, which provided a higher percentage of consolidated net revenue compared to the prior year increasing from 60.3% to 62.7%; and (ii) an increase in service-related engagements in both our Revenue Cycle Management and Spend Management segments, which provides for a higher cost of revenue given these activities are more labor intensive. Revenue Cycle Management SaaS-based revenue results in a higher cost of revenue than the net administrative fee revenue in our Spend Management revenue. We may experience higher cost of revenue if (i) the revenue mix continues to shift towards Revenue Cycle Management segment products and services and specifically if the revenue mix within the Revenue Cycle Management segment shifts towards more service-related engagements; and (ii) we experience continued growth for our consulting services within the Spend Management segment.
     Product development expenses. Product development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2009 were $4.2 million, or 5.0% of total net revenue, a decrease of $0.6 million, or 11.9%, from product development expenses of $4.7 million, or 6.2% of total net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
The decrease during the three months ended September 30, 2009 was primarily attributable to software development costs that were capitalized in connection with new product development and enhancements to existing products during the period. We have continued our focus on development designed to integrate and standardize our products. We will also continue to develop a number of new Revenue Cycle Management products and services and enhance our existing products in both segments and expect to maintain or increase our product development spending for the rest of 2009.
     Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2009 were $10.0 million, or 12.2% of total net revenue, an increase of $0.4 million, or 4.1%, from selling and marketing expenses of $9.6 million, or 12.7% of total net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was primarily attributable to a $0.5 million increase in compensation expense to new employees and a $0.2 million of share-based compensation expense offset by a $0.3 million decrease in general operating infrastructure expenses.
     General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2009 were $23.0 million, or 28.0% of total net revenue, an increase of $0.3 million, or 1.1%, from general and administrative expenses of $22.8 million, or 30.0% of total net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
The increase during the three months ended September 30, 2009 is primarily attributable to a $1.2 million increase in share-based compensation; $0.8 million in higher bad debt expense to reserve for potential uncollectible accounts; and $0.4 million of higher legal expenses from certain legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business offset primarily by a $2.3 million decrease in compensation expense which resulted from the lower incentive compensation previously described.

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     Depreciation. Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $3.1 million, or 3.8% of total net revenue, an increase of $0.5 million, or 21.1%, from depreciation of $2.6 million, or 3.4% of total net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was primarily attributable to depreciation resulting from the additions to property and equipment subsequent to September 30, 2008.
     Amortization of intangibles. Amortization of intangibles for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $7.0 million, or 8.5% of total net revenue, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 4.2%, from amortization of intangibles of $7.3 million, or 9.6% of total net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The decrease is primarily attributable to the amortization of certain identified intangible assets that are nearing the end of their useful life under an accelerated method of amortization.
Segment Operating Expenses
     Revenue Cycle Management expenses. Revenue Cycle Management operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2009 were $44.1 million, or 53.5% of total net revenue, an increase of $2.4 million, or 5.7%, from $41.7 million, or 54.9% of total net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Revenue Cycle Management operating expenses increased as a result of a $3.9 million increase in cost of revenue in connection with implementation costs associated with revenue growth; $0.9 million in higher bad debt expense to reserve for potential uncollectible accounts; $0.4 million of increased depreciation expense; and $0.3 million of increased legal expenses from certain legal actions and claims. The increase was offset primarily by a $2.5 million decrease in compensation expense as a result of lower incentive compensation previously described.
As a percentage of Revenue Cycle Management segment net revenue, segment expenses decreased to 85.3% from 91.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, for the reasons described above.
     Spend Management expenses. Spend Management operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2009 were $17.5 million, or 21.2% of total net revenue, an increase of $0.3 million, or 1.6%, from $17.2 million, or 22.7% of total net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
The increase in Spend Management expenses was primarily attributable to a $0.4 million increase in share-based compensation partially offset by $0.1 million in lower general operating infrastructure expense which was favorably impacted by the expense management previously described.
As a percentage of Spend Management segment net revenue, segment expenses remained consistent decreasing to 56.9% from 57.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, for the reasons described above.
     Corporate expenses. Corporate expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2009 were $7.3 million, an increase of $2.1 million, or 39.3%, from $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, or 8.8% and 6.9% of total net revenue, respectively. The increase in corporate expenses was attributable to $0.9 million of higher share-based compensation expense; $0.5 million of higher travel related costs; and $0.7 million of other operating infrastructure expense.
Non-operating Expenses
     Interest expense. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $4.3 million, a decrease of $1.5 million, or 26.6%, from interest expense of $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. As of September 30, 2009, we had total indebtedness of $230.8 million compared to $255.3 million as of September 30, 2008. The decrease in interest expense is attributable to the decrease in our indebtedness and lower interest rates period over period. Our interest expense may vary for the remainder of 2009 as a result of fluctuations in interest rates.
     Other income. Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $0.2 million, comprised principally of $0.1 million of rental income and $0.1 million in other income. Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2008 was also $0.2 million.
     Income tax expense. Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2009 was $3.6 million, an increase of $1.0 million from an income tax expense of $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was primarily attributable to higher income before taxes in the three months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to the prior period. The income tax expense recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 reflected an effective tax rate of 38.0% and 41.0%, respectively. The reduction in the effective tax rate is primarily related to research and development credits for tax years 2008 and 2009 recorded in 2009.

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008
                                                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008     Change  
            % of             % of              
    Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue     Amount     %  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Net revenue:
                                               
Revenue Cycle Management
  $ 149,425       60.8 %   $ 102,218       52.2 %   $ 47,207       46.2 %
Spend Management
                                               
Gross administrative fees(1)
    119,498       48.7       117,634       60.0       1,864       1.6  
Revenue share obligation(1)
    (41,003 )     (16.7 )     (39,279 )     (20.0 )     (1,725 )     4.4  
Other service fees
    17,666       7.2       15,392       7.9       2,275       14.8  
 
                                   
Total Spend Management
    96,161       39.2       93,747       47.8       2,414       2.6  
 
                                   
Total net revenue
  $ 245,586       100.0 %   $ 195,965       100.0 %   $ 49,621       25.3 %
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for additional information.
Total Net Revenue
Total net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $245.6 million, an increase of $49.6 million, or 25.3%, from total net revenue of $196.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The increase in total net revenue was comprised of a $47.2 million increase in Revenue Cycle Management revenue and a $2.4 million increase in Spend Management revenue.
     Revenue Cycle Management net revenue. Revenue Cycle Management net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $149.4 million, an increase of $47.2 million, or 46.2%, from net revenue of $102.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The increase resulted from both acquisition and non-acquisition sources as described below:
    Acquisition related revenue. The operating results of Accuro were included in our nine months ended September 30, 2009 and were only included in the comparable prior period for approximately four months from the date of the Accuro Acquisition on June 2, 2008. $33.3 million of the net revenue increase was attributable to Accuro.
 
      Given the significant impact of the Accuro Acquisition on our Revenue Cycle Management segment, we believe acquisition-affected measures are useful for the comparison of our year over year net revenue growth. Revenue Cycle Management net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $149.4 million, an increase of $18.7 million, or 14.3%, from Revenue Cycle Management non-GAAP acquisition-affected net revenue of $130.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The following table sets forth the reconciliation of Revenue Cycle Management non-GAAP acquisition-affected net revenue to GAAP net revenue:
                                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008     Change  
    Amount     Amount     Amount     %  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Revenue Cycle Management net revenue
  $ 149,425     $ 102,218     $ 47,207       46.2 %
Acquisition related RCM adjustment(1)
          28,540       (28,540 )     (100.0 )
 
                       
Total RCM acquisition-affected net revenue(1)
  $ 149,425     $ 130,758     $ 18,667       14.3 %
 
(1)   These are non-GAAP measures. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for additional information.
    Non-acquisition related revenue. The increase in net revenue from non-Accuro related products and services was $13.9 million, or 17.4% growth. The increase was primarily attributable to stronger demand for our products and services and consisted of a $5.5 million increase from our claims and denial management tools; a $5.4 million increase from our revenue cycle services; and a $3.6 million increase from our decision support software.
     Spend Management net revenue. Spend Management net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $96.2 million, an increase of $2.4 million, or 2.6%, from net revenue of $93.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was

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the result of an increase in administrative fees of $1.9 million, or 1.6%, and an increase in other service fees of $2.3 million, or 14.8%, offset by an increase in revenue share obligation of $1.7 million, or 4.4%, as described below:
    Gross administrative fees. Non-GAAP gross administrative fee revenue increased by $1.9 million, or 1.6%, as compared to the prior period, primarily due to higher purchasing volumes by new and existing customers under our group purchasing organization contracts with our manufacturer and distributor vendors. The net increase in non-GAAP gross administrative fee revenue was comprised of a $4.9 million, or 4.3% increase, in non-GAAP gross administrative fee revenue not associated with performance targets. This increase was partially offset by a $3.0 million decrease in contingent revenue, which is recognized upon confirmation from certain customers that respective performance targets had been achieved, during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2008. We may have fluctuations in our non-GAAP gross administrative fee revenue in future quarters as the timing of vendor reporting and customer acknowledgement of achieved performance targets vary in their timing and may not result in discernable trends. In addition, a decrease in customer patient volume and supply utilization, the effect of continued hospital budget challenges and the current economic environment may negatively impact non-GAAP gross administrative fees in the future.
 
    Revenue share obligation. Non-GAAP revenue share obligation increased $1.7 million, or 4.4%, as compared to the prior period. The increase in our revenue share ratio was primarily the result of changes in customer revenue mix to larger customers during the period. Larger customers who commit to higher levels of purchasing volume through our group purchasing organization contracts typically receive higher non-GAAP revenue share obligation percentages. We analyze the impact of our non-GAAP revenue share obligation on our results of operations by calculating the ratio of non-GAAP revenue share obligation to non-GAAP gross administrative fees (or the “revenue share ratio”). The revenue share ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was 34.3% as compared to 33.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. We may also experience fluctuations in our revenue share ratio because of the timing of vendor reporting and the timing of revenue recognition based on performance target achievement for certain customers.
 
    Other service fees. The $2.3 million, or 14.8%, increase in other service fees primarily related to $2.7 million in higher revenues from our supply chain consulting partially offset by $0.4 million decrease in our market research services. The growth in supply chain consulting was mainly due to an increased number of engagements from new and existing customers.
Total Operating Expenses
                                                 
    2009     2008     Change  
            % of             % of              
    Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue     Amount     %  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Operating expenses:
                                               
Cost of revenue
  $ 55,830       22.7 %   $ 36,252       18.5 %   $ 19,578       54.0 %
Product development expenses
    15,424       6.3       11,027       5.6       4,397       39.9  
Selling and marketing expenses
    36,529       14.9       32,096       16.4       4,433       13.8  
General and administrative expenses
    77,971       31.7       66,054       33.7       11,917       18.0  
Depreciation
    9,020       3.7       7,051       3.6       1,969       27.9  
Amortization of intangibles
    21,029       8.6       16,117       8.2       4,912       30.5  
Impairment of intangibles
          0.0       2,079       1.1       (2,079 )     (100.0 )
 
                                   
Total operating expenses
    215,803       87.9       170,676       87.1       45,127       26.4  
Operating expenses by segment:
                                               
Revenue Cycle Management
    136,205       55.5       100,704       51.4       35,501       35.3  
Spend Management
    57,443       23.4       54,289       27.7       3,154       5.8  
 
                                   
Total segment operating expenses
    193,648       78.9       154,993       79.1       38,655       24.9  
Corporate expenses
    22,155       9.0       15,683       8.0       6,472       41.3  
 
                                   
Total operating expenses
  $ 215,803       87.9 %   $ 170,676       87.1 %   $ 45,127       26.4 %
     Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $55.8 million, or 22.7% of total net revenue, an increase of $19.6 million, or 54.0%, from cost of revenue of $36.3 million, or 18.5% of total net revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.

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Of the increase, $9.8 million was attributable to cost of revenue associated with the Accuro Acquisition. The remaining $9.8 million increase was primarily attributable to the continuing change in our revenue mix in the Revenue Cycle Management segment, which provided a higher percentage of consolidated net revenue compared to the prior year. Revenue Cycle Management software as a service revenue and other consulting services results in a higher cost of revenue than the net administrative fee revenue in our Spend Management revenue. In addition, we had an increase in service-related engagements in both our Revenue Cycle Manangement and Spend Management segments, which provides for a higher cost of revenue given these activities a more labor intensive.
Excluding the impact of the Accuro Acquisition, our cost of revenue as a percentage of related net revenue increased from 17.1% to 20.8% period over period. This increase is primarily attributable to the reasons described above.
     Product development expenses. Product development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $15.4 million, or 6.3% of total net revenue, an increase of $4.4 million, or 39.9%, from product development expenses of $11.0 million, or 5.6% of total net revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The increase during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 included $2.5 million of product development expenses attributable to the Accuro Acquisition as we continue to make investments in such product development. Excluding the product development expenses associated with the Accuro Acquisition, product development expenses increased by $1.9 million, period over period. We continue to develop a number of new Revenue Cycle Management products and services and enhance our existing products. Therefore, we expect to maintain or increase our product development spending for the rest of 2009.
Excluding the impact of the Accuro Acquisition, our product development expenses as a percentage of related net revenue increased from 4.6% to 5.2% for the reasons described above.
     Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $36.5 million, or 14.9% of total net revenue, an increase of $4.4 million, or 13.8%, from selling and marketing expenses of $32.1 million, or 16.4% of total net revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The increase was primarily attributable to a $3.8 million increase in compensation expense to new employees, exclusive of acquired Accuro employees; a $0.8 million increase in share-based compensation; a $0.6 million increase in expenses relating to our annual customer and vendor meeting; and a $0.3 million increase in charitable contributions. These increases were offset by a $0.7 million decrease in compensation expense specific to acquired Accuro employees and a $0.4 million decrease in other general selling and marketing expense.
Excluding the impact of the Accuro Acquisition, selling and marketing expenses, as a percentage of related net revenue, increased from 17.5% to 18.7% period over period for the reasons described above.
     General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $78.0 million, or 31.7% of total net revenue, an increase of $11.9 million, or 18.0%, from general and administrative expenses of $66.1 million, or 33.7% of total net revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The increase during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 includes $0.4 million of general and administrative expenses attributable to the Accuro Acquisition. Also contributing to the increase was a $4.5 million increase in share-based compensation; $2.1 million of higher legal expenses primarily for discovery and document production in connection with a lawsuit in which the Company was retained as an expert witness by the plaintiffs; a $1.1 million increase in compensation expense to new employees; a $0.7 million increase in travel expenses; $0.6 million in higher bad debt expense to reserve for potential uncollectible accounts along with certain bankruptcies that have occurred with respect to customers of our Revenue Cycle Management segment; a $0.6 million increase in rent expense; a $0.5 million increase in meals and entertainment; and a $0.5 million increase in professional fees. The remaining increase was attributable to general operating infrastructure expenses.
Excluding the impact of the Accuro Acquisition, our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of related net revenue increased from 36.0% to 38.9% period over period. This increase is primarily attributable to the reasons described above.
     Depreciation. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $9.0 million, or 3.7% of total net revenue, an increase of $2.0 million, or 27.9%, from depreciation of $7.1 million, or 3.6% of total net revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
This increase was primarily attributable to depreciation resulting from the additions to property and equipment acquired in the Accuro Acquisition.
     Amortization of intangibles. Amortization of intangibles for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $21.0 million, or 8.6% of total net revenue, an increase of $4.9 million, or 30.5%, from amortization of intangibles of $16.1 million, or 8.2% of total net revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The increase is primarily attributable to the amortization of certain identified intangible assets acquired in the Accuro Acquisition.

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     Impairment of intangibles. Impairment of intangibles for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 was zero and $2.1 million, respectively.
Impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 relates to acquired developed technology from prior acquisitions, revenue cycle management tradename and internally developed software products that were deemed to be impaired, mainly because of the technologies acquired from Accuro.
Segment Operating Expenses
     Revenue Cycle Management expenses. Revenue Cycle Management operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $136.2 million, an increase of $35.5 million, or 35.3%, from $100.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The primary reason for the $35.5 million increase in operating expenses is $20.6 million of expenses that are attributable to the Accuro Acquisition. Revenue Cycle Management operating expenses also increased as a result of a $8.0 million increase in cost of revenue in connection with direct labor costs associated with revenue growth; a $4.3 million increase in compensation expense primarily related to new employees and inclusive of incentive compensation; $2.0 million of higher share-based compensation expense; $1.9 million of increased legal expenses primarily for discovery and document production in connection with a lawsuit in which the Company has been retained as an expert witness by the plaintiffs; and $0.9 million of increased bad debt expense to reserve for potentially uncollectible accounts. The increase was partially offset by a $1.8 million nonrecurring impairment charge of intangible assets that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
As a percentage of Revenue Cycle Management segment net revenue, segment expenses decreased to 91.2% from 98.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, for the reasons described above.
     Spend Management expenses. Spend Management operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $57.4 million, or 23.4% of total net revenue, an increase of $3.1 million, or 5.8%, from $54.3 million, or 27.7% of total net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The increase in Spend Management expenses was primarily attributable to $1.9 million of higher compensation expense to new employees; $1.2 million of higher share-based compensation expense; a $1.0 million increase in cost of revenues associated with new customers and the revenue shift toward consulting; and a $0.5 million increase in education and training expenses relating to our annual customer and vendor meeting. The increase was offset by a $1.0 million decrease in the amortization of intangibles as certain of these assets are amortized under an accelerated method because they are nearing the end of their useful life; and a $0.5 million decrease in general operating expense.
As a percentage of Spend Management segment net revenue, segment expenses increased to 59.7% from 57.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, for the reasons described above.
     Corporate expenses. Corporate expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 were $22.2 million, an increase of $6.5 million, or 41.3%, from $15.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, or 9.0% and 8.0% of total net revenue, respectively. The increase in corporate expenses was primarily attributable to $3.1 million of higher share-based compensation expense; $1.1 million of increased travel costs; $0.6 million of operating infrastructure expense; $0.6 million of compensation expense associated with new employees $0.4 million of higher depreciation; $0.4 million of increased professional fees; and $0.3 million of higher rent expense.
Non-operating Expenses
     Interest expense. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $14.0 million, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 7.3%, from interest expense of $15.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. As of September 30, 2009, we had total indebtedness of $230.8 million compared to $255.3 million as of September 30, 2008. The decrease in interest expense is attributable to the decrease in our indebtedness and lower interest rates period over period. Our interest expense may vary for the remainder of 2009 as a result of fluctuations in interest rates.
     Other income (expense). Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $0.4 million, comprised principally of $0.3 million of rental income slightly offset by foreign exchange transaction losses. Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was $2.1 million. The $2.5 million increase in other income is primarily due to the $3.9 million expense to terminate our interest rate swap arrangements during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 offset by lower interest income earned resulting from a decrease in our cash balance period over period.

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     Income tax expense. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 was $6.2 million, an increase of approximately $2.9 million from an income tax expense of $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, which was primarily attributable to increased income before tax of $8.1 million. The income tax expense recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 reflected an effective tax rate of 38.3% and 40.4%, respectively. This reduction in the effective tax rate is primarily related to research and development credits for tax years 2008 and 2009 recorded in 2009.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we find reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, actual results could differ from the estimates.
Management considers an accounting policy to be critical if the accounting policy requires management to make particularly difficult, subjective or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. A summary of our critical accounting policies is included in Item 7 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) of Part II, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
In evaluating the collectibility of our accounts receivable, we assess a number of factors, including a specific client’s ability to meet its financial obligations to us, such as whether a customer declares bankruptcy. Other factors include the length of time the receivables are past due and historical collection experience. Based on these assessments, we record a reserve for specific account balances as well as a general reserve based on our historical experience for bad debt to reduce the related receivables to the amount we expect to collect from clients. If circumstances related to specific clients change, or economic conditions deteriorate such that our past collection experience is no longer relevant, our estimate of the recoverability of our accounts receivable could be further reduced from the levels provided for in the consolidated financial statements.
We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts. If actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may experience a higher or lower expense.
Our bad debt expense to total net revenue ratio for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 was 1.6% and 0.6% (or 2.3% and 1.0% of other service fee revenue), respectively, and increased from 1.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2009. The increase over prior year was primarily attributable to approximately $0.9 million relating to potentially uncollectible accounts in our Revenue Cycle Management segment.
Our bad debt expense to total net revenue ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 was 1.6% and 0.7% (or 2.3% and 1.1% of other service fee revenue), respectively. The increase was attributable to approximately $2.9 million for potential uncollectible accounts which includes certain bankruptcies that occurred during the fiscal year with respect to customers in our Revenue Cycle Management segment.
Given the continuing impact of the recent adverse economic conditions and customer financial constraints, we may experience additional collectibility challenges that affect our ability to collect customer payments in future periods. This could require additional charges to bad debt expense.
A hypothetical 10% increase in bad debt expense would have a nominal impact on our bad debt expense for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and would result in an increase of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary cash requirements involve payment of ordinary expenses, working capital fluctuations, debt service obligations and capital expenditures. Our capital expenditures typically consist of software purchases, internal product development capitalization and computer hardware purchases. Historically, the acquisition of complementary businesses has resulted in a significant use of cash. Our principal sources of funds have primarily been cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit facilities.

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We believe we currently have adequate cash flow from operations, capital resources and liquidity to meet our cash flow requirements including the following near term obligations: (i) our working capital needs; (ii) our debt service obligations; (iii) planned capital expenditures for the remainder of the year; (iv) our revenue share obligation and rebate payments; and (v) estimated federal and state income tax payments.
Historically, we have utilized federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for both regular and Alternative Minimum Tax payment purposes. Consequently, our federal cash tax payments in past reporting periods have been minimal. However, given the current amount and limitations of our NOLs, we expect our cash paid for taxes to increase significantly in future years.
We have not historically utilized borrowings available under our credit agreement to fund operations. However, pursuant to a change in our cash management practice in 2008, we currently use the swing-line component of our revolver for funding operations while we voluntarily apply our excess cash balances to reduce our swing-line loan on a daily basis and to reduce our revolving credit facility on a routine basis. At September 30, 2009, we had approximately $15.0 million drawn on our revolving credit facility, of which zero was drawn on our swing-line component, resulting in approximately $109.0 million of availability under our revolving credit facility inclusive of the swing-line (net of a $1.0 million letter of credit). Based on our analysis as of September 30, 2009, we are in compliance with all applicable covenant requirements of our credit agreement. We may observe fluctuations in cash flows provided by operations from period to period. Certain events may cause us to draw additional amounts under our swing-line or revolving facility and may include the following:
    changes in working capital due to inconsistent timing of cash receipts and payments for major recurring items such as trade accounts payable, revenue share obligation, incentive compensation, changes in deferred revenue, and other various items;
 
    acquisitions; and
 
    unforeseeable events or transactions.
We may continue to pursue other acquisitions or investments in the future. We may also increase our capital expenditures consistent with our anticipated growth in infrastructure, software solutions, and personnel, and as we expand our market presence. Cash provided by operating activities may not be sufficient to fund such expenditures. Accordingly, in addition to the use of our available revolving credit facility, we may need to engage in additional equity or debt financings to secure additional funds for such purposes. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters including higher interest costs, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain required financing on terms satisfactory to us, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be limited.
Discussion of Cash Flow
Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2009 were $4.7 million representing a $0.8 million decrease from December 31, 2008. The following table summarizes the cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2009:
         
    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2009  
    (Unaudited, in millions)  
Net income
  $ 10.0  
Non-cash items
    45.6  
Net changes in working capital
    (15.6 )
 
     
Net cash provided by operations
  $ 40.0  
Net income represents the profitability attained during the periods presented and is inclusive of certain non-cash expenses. These non-cash expenses include depreciation for fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets, stock compensation expense, bad debt expense, deferred income tax expense, excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options, loss on sale of assets, impairment of intangibles and non-cash interest expense. The total for these non-cash expenses was $45.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009.
Working capital is a measure of our liquid assets. Changes in working capital are included in the determination of cash provided by operating activities. The following describes reasons for the changes in working capital for the nine months ended September 30, 2009:

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Working capital changes resulting in a reduction to cash flow from operations of $21.5 million were:
    an increase in accounts receivable of $4.5 million related to the timing of invoicing and cash collections and because of our growth;
 
    an increase in other long term assets of $3.6 million related to the timing of cash payments for our annual customer and vendor meeting and other deferred sales expenses;
 
    an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.5 million primarily related to sales incentive compensation payments;
 
    a decrease in accrued revenue share obligation and rebates of $5.0 million due to the timing of cash payments and customer purchasing volume at our GPO;
 
    a decrease in accrued payroll and benefits of $4.1 million due to the payroll cycle timing and incentive payment accruals; and
 
    a decrease in other accrued expenses of $2.8 million due to the timing of various payment obligations.
The working capital changes resulting in reductions to operating cash flow discussed above were partially offset by a $5.1 million working capital increase in trade accounts payable due to the timing of various payment obligations.
Investing activities used $39.8 million of cash for the nine month period ended September 30, 2009 which included: $18.3 million related to the deferred purchase consideration of $19.8 million (inclusive of $1.5 million of imputed interest) made in June 2009 as part of the Accuro Acquisition; $9.2 million of capital expenditures that are primarily related to the growth in our RCM segment; and $12.3 million for investment in software development. We believe that cash used in investing activities will continue to be materially impacted by continued growth in investments in property and equipment, future acquisitions and capitalized software. Our property, equipment, and software investments consist primarily of SaaS-based technology infrastructure to provide capacity for expansion of our customer base, including computers and related equipment and software purchased or implemented by outside parties. Our software development investments consist primarily of company-managed design, development, testing and deployment of new application functionality.
Financing activities used $0.9 million of cash for the nine month period ended September 30, 2009. We received $71.8 million on our credit facility during the period. We also received $8.3 million from the issuance of common stock and $6.1 million from the excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options. This was offset by payments made on our credit facility of $86.6 million in addition to payments of $0.5 million that were made on our finance obligation. Our credit agreement requires an annual payment of excess cash flow which we expect to pay in the first quarter of 2010.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Commitments
We have provided a $1.0 million letter of credit to guarantee our performance under the terms of a ten-year lease agreement. The letter of credit is associated with the capital lease of a building under a finance obligation. We do not believe that this letter of credit will be drawn.
We lease office space and equipment under operating leases. Some of these operating leases include rent escalations, rent holidays, and rent concessions and incentives. However, we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the minimum lease term utilizing total future minimum lease payments. Our consolidated future minimum rental payments under our operating leases with initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms of at least one year are as follows as of September 30, 2009 for each respective year (in thousands):
         
    Amount  
    (Unaudited)  
2009
  $ 2,112  
2010
    7,800  
2011
    6,806  
2012
    6,955  
2013
    6,767  
Thereafter
    25,980  
 
     
Total future minimum rental payments
  $ 56,420  
 
     
In June 2009, we entered into a new lease agreement acquiring 100,528 square feet of office space in Plano, Texas. The lease agreement contains two phases of varying amounts of office space to be occupied commencing at different times during the term of the lease. Phase

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One commenced on September 1, 2009 and consisted of 49,606 square feet. Phase Two will commence on or around March 1, 2011 and will consist of 50,922 square feet. The term of the lease is twelve years and four months and expires on December 31, 2021. The lease contains an option to extend the lease term for two additional five year periods after the initial expiration date. The total rental commitment under the lease agreement is approximately $22.0 million and is included in the table above.
In August 2009, we amended the lease for our office in Nashville, Tennessee acquiring 6,832 square feet of additional office space. The lease amendment is effective on November 15, 2009 and the term of the lease remained unchanged. The total incremental rental commitment under the lease is approximately $0.2 million.
As of September 30, 2009, we did not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future significant effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In order to provide investors with greater insight, promote transparency and allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the information used by management and the Board in its financial and operational decision-making, we supplement our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements presented on a GAAP basis in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the following non-GAAP financial measures: gross fees, gross administrative fees, revenue share obligation, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Revenue Cycle Management acquisition-affected net revenue and cash diluted earnings per share.
These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. We compensate for such limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using non-GAAP financial measures only supplementally. We provide reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measures, where possible. Investors are encouraged to carefully review those reconciliations. In addition, because these non-GAAP measures are not measures of financial performance under GAAP and are susceptible to varying calculations, these measures, as defined by us, may differ from and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
Gross Fees, Gross Administrative Fees and Revenue Share Obligation. Gross fees include all gross administrative fees we receive pursuant to our vendor contracts and all other fees we receive from customers. Our revenue share obligation represents the portion of the gross administrative fees we are contractually obligated to share with certain of our GPO customers. Total net revenue (a GAAP measure) reflects our gross fees net of our revenue share obligation. These non-GAAP measures assist management and the Board and may be helpful to investors in analyzing our growth in the Spend Management segment given that administrative fees constitute a material portion of our revenue and are paid to us by over 1,200 vendors contracted by our GPO, and that our revenue share obligation constitutes a significant outlay to certain of our GPO customers. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measure can be found in the “Overview” and “Results of Operations” section of Item 2.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin. We define: (i) EBITDA, as net income (loss) before net interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization; (ii) Adjusted EBITDA, as net income (loss) before net interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization and other non-recurring, non-cash or non-operating items; and (iii) Adjusted EBITDA margin, as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue. We use EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period and provide for a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than GAAP measures alone. These measures assist management and the Board and may be useful to investors in comparing our operating performance consistently over time as it removes the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges and amortization of debt issuance costs), asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of the management team (taxes), as well as other non-cash (purchase accounting adjustments, and imputed rental income) and non-recurring items, from our operational results. Adjusted EBITDA also removes the impact of non-cash share-based compensation expense.
Our Board and management also use these measures as i) one of the primary methods for planning and forecasting overall expectations and for evaluating, on at least a quarterly and annual basis, actual results against such expectations; and, ii) as a performance evaluation metric in determining achievement of certain executive incentive compensation programs, as well as for incentive compensation plans for employees generally.
Additionally, research analysts, investment bankers and lenders may use these measures to assess our operating performance. For example, our credit agreement requires delivery of compliance reports certifying compliance with financial covenants certain of which are, in part, based on an adjusted EBITDA measurement that is similar to the Adjusted EBITDA measurement reviewed by our management and our Board. The principal difference is that the measurement of adjusted EBITDA considered by our lenders under our credit agreement allows for certain adjustments (e.g., inclusion of interest income, franchise taxes and other non-cash expenses, offset by the deduction of our capitalized lease

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payments for one of our office leases) that result in a higher adjusted EBITDA than the Adjusted EBITDA measure reviewed by our Board and management and disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our credit agreement also contains provisions that utilize other measures, such as excess cash flow, to measure liquidity.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of liquidity under GAAP, or otherwise, and are not alternatives to cash flow from continuing operating activities. Despite the advantages regarding the use and analysis of these measures as mentioned above, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, as disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider these measures in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP; nor are these measures intended to be measures of liquidity or free cash flow for our discretionary use. Some of the limitations of EBITDA are:
    EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
 
    EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
 
    EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements to service interest or principal payments under our credit agreement;
 
    EBITDA does not reflect income tax payments we are required to make; and
 
    Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized often will have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.
Adjusted EBITDA has all the inherent limitations of EBITDA. To properly and prudently evaluate our business, we encourage you to review the GAAP financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business. We also strongly urge you to review the reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA, along with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net income, a comparable GAAP-based measure. All of the items included in the reconciliation from net income to EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA are either (i) non-cash items (e.g., depreciation and amortization, impairment of intangibles and share-based compensation expense) or (ii) items that management does not consider in assessing our on-going operating performance (e.g., income taxes, interest expense and expenses related to the cancellation of an interest rate swap). In the case of the non-cash items, management believes that investors may find it useful to assess our comparative operating performance because the measures without such items are less susceptible to variances in actual performance resulting from depreciation, amortization and other non-cash charges and more reflective of other factors that affect operating performance. In the case of the other non-recurring items, management believes that investors may find it useful to assess our operating performance if the measures are presented without these items because their financial impact does not reflect ongoing operating performance.

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    Three Months Ended September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (Unaudited, in thousands)  
Net income
  $ 5,896     $ 3,686     $ 9,976     $ 4,809  
Depreciation
    3,125       2,581       9,020       7,051  
Amortization of intangibles
    7,018       7,324       21,029       16,117  
Amortization of intangibles (included in cost of revenue)
    801       233       2,391       995  
Interest expense, net of interest income(1)
    4,255       5,761       13,994       13,715  
Income tax expense
    3,613       2,566       6,196       3,259  
 
                       
EBITDA
    24,708       22,151       62,606       45,946  
Impairment of intangibles(2)
                      2,079  
Share-based compensation(3)
    3,951       2,452       12,911       6,591  
Rental income from capitalizing building lease(4)
    (110 )     (109 )     (329 )     (329 )
Purchase accounting adjustment(5)
    (1 )     707       203       2,066  
Interest rate swap cancellation(6)
                      3,914  
 
                       
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 28,548     $ 25,201     $ 75,391     $ 60,267  
 
(1)   Interest income is included in other income (expense) and is not netted against interest expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
(2)   Impairment of intangibles during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 primarily relates to acquired developed technology from prior acquisitions, revenue cycle management tradename and internally developed software products, mainly resulting from the acquired Accuro technology.
 
(3)   Represents non-cash share-based compensation to both employees and directors. The significant increase in 2009 is due to share-based grants made from the Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan previously discussed. We believe excluding this non-cash expense allows us to compare our operating performance without regard to the impact of share-based compensation expense, which varies from period to period based on the amount and timing of grants.
 
(4)   The imputed rental income recognized with respect to a capitalized building lease is deducted from net income (loss) due to its non-cash nature. We believe this income is not a useful measure of continuing operating performance. See our Consolidated Financial Statements filed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 for further discussion of this rental income.
 
(5)   These adjustments include the effect on revenue of adjusting acquired deferred revenue balances, net of any reduction in associated deferred costs, to fair value as of the respective acquisition dates for Accuro and XactiMed. The reduction of the deferred revenue balances materially affects period-to-period financial performance comparability and revenue and earnings growth in future periods subsequent to the acquisition and is not indicative of changes in underlying results of operations.
 
(6)   During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded an expense associated with the cancellation of our interest rate swap arrangements. In connection with the cancellation, we paid the counterparty $3.9 million in termination fees. We believe such expense is infrequent in nature and is not indicative of continuing operating performance.
Revenue Cycle Management Acquisition-Affected Net Revenue. Revenue Cycle Management acquisition-affected net revenue includes the revenue of Accuro prior to our actual ownership. The Accuro Acquisition was consummated on June 2, 2008. This measure assumes the acquisition of Accuro occurred on January 1, 2008. Revenue Cycle Management acquisition-affected net revenue is used by management and the Board to better understand the extent of period-over-period growth of the Revenue Cycle Management segment. Given the significant impact that this acquisition had on the Company during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we believe such acquisition-affected net revenue may be useful and meaningful to investors in their analysis of such growth. Revenue Cycle Management acquisition-affected net revenue is presented for illustrative and informational purposes only and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what our results of operations would have been if these transactions had occurred at the beginning of such period. This measure also should not be considered representative of our future results of operations. Reconciliations of Revenue Cycle Management acquisition-affected net revenue to its most directly comparable GAAP measure can be found in the “Results of Operations” section of Item 2.

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Cash Diluted Earnings Per Share
The Company defines cash diluted EPS as diluted earnings per share excluding non-cash acquisition-related intangible amortization and non-recurring expense items on a tax-adjusted basis and non-cash tax-adjusted shared-based compensation expense. Cash diluted EPS is not a measure of liquidity under GAAP, or otherwise, and is not an alternative to cash flow from continuing operating activities. Cash diluted EPS growth is used by the Company as the financial performance metric that determines whether certain equity awards granted pursuant to the Company’s Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan will vest. Use of this measure for this purpose allows management and the Board to analyze the Company’s operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain non-cash and non-recurring items from our operations and reward organic growth and accretive business transactions. As a significant portion of senior management’s incentive based compensation is based on the achievement of certain cash diluted EPS growth over time, investors may find such information useful; however, as a non-GAAP financial measure, cash diluted EPS is not the sole measure of the Company’s financial performance and may not be the best measure for investors to gauge such performance.
                                 
    Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
    September 30,   September 30,
    2009   2008   2009   2008
Per share data   (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)
Diluted EPS attributable to common stockholders
  $ 0.10     $ 0.07     $ 0.17     $ 0.09  
Non-cash, tax-adjusted acquisition-related intangible amortization
    0.08       0.08       0.23       0.20  
Non-cash, tax-adjusted share-based compensation(1)
    0.04       0.03       0.14       0.08  
Tax-adjusted interest rate swap cancellation(2)
                      0.05  
Non-cash, tax-adjusted impairment of intangibles(3)
                      0.02  
         
Non-GAAP cash diluted EPS
  $ 0.22     $ 0.18     $ 0.54     $ 0.44  
         
Weighted average shares — diluted
    57,855       56,136       57,223       51,035  
 
(1)   Represents the per share impact, on a tax-adjusted basis of non-cash share-based compensation to both employees and directors. The significant increase in 2009 is due to share-based grants made from the Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan previously discussed. We believe excluding this non-cash expense allows us to compare our operating performance without regard to the impact of share-based compensation expense, which varies from period to period based on the amount and timing of grants.
 
(2)   Represents the per share impact, on a tax-adjusted basis of an expense associated with the cancellation of our interest rate swap arrangement during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. In connection with the cancellation, we paid the counterparty $3.9 million in termination fees. We believe such expense is infrequent in nature and is not indicative of continuing operating performance.
 
(3)   Represents the per share impact, on a tax-adjusted basis of impairment of intangibles during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. The impairment primarily relates to acquired developed technology from prior acquisitions, revenue cycle management tradename and internally developed software products deemed impaired as a result of the Accuro Acquisition.
New Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Codification
In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued its final Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 168 — The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162. SFAS No. 168 made the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”) the single source of U.S. GAAP used by non-governmental entities in the preparation of financial statements, except for rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal securities laws, which are sources of authoritative accounting guidance for SEC registrants. The Codification is meant to simplify user access to all authoritative accounting guidance by reorganizing U.S. GAAP pronouncements into approximately 90 accounting topics within a consistent structure; its purpose is not to create new accounting and reporting guidance. The Codification supersedes all existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards and was effective for the Company beginning July 1, 2009. Following SFAS No. 168, the Board

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will not issue new standards in the form of Statements, FASB Staff Positions, or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts; instead, it will issue Accounting Standards Updates. The FASB will not consider Accounting Standards Updates as authoritative in their own right; these updates will serve only to update the Codification, provide background information about the guidance, and provide the bases for conclusions on the change(s) in the Codification. As a result of adopting this standard, we will no longer reference specific standards under the pre-codification naming convention and all references to accounting standards will be made in plain english as defined by the SEC.
Revenue Recognition
In October 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standards update for multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. The update addressed the accounting for multiple-deliverable arrangements to enable vendors to account for products or services separately rather than as a combined unit. The update also addresses how to separate deliverables and how to measure and allocate arrangement consideration to one or more units of accounting. The amendments in the update significantly expand the disclosures related to a vendor’s multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements with the objective of providing information about the significant judgments made and changes to those judgments and how the application of the relative selling-price method affects the timing or amount of revenue recognition. The accounting standards update will be applicable for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2010, however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this update on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Software
In October 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standards update relating to certain revenue arrangements that include software elements. The update will change the accounting model for revenue arrangements that include both tangible products and software elements. Among other things, tangible products containing software and nonsoftware components that function together to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality are no longer within the scope of software revenue guidance. In addition, the update also provides guidance on how a vendor should allocate arrangement consideration to deliverables in an arrangement that includes tangible products and software. The accounting standards update will be applicable for annual periods beginning after June 15, 2010, however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this update on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets
In June 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to generally accepted accounting principles relating to transfers and servicing. The guidance eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity, creates more stringent conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale, clarifies other sale-accounting criteria, and changes the initial measurement of a transferor’s interest in transferred financial assets. The guidance is applicable for annual periods ending after November 15, 2009 and interim periods thereafter. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of the adoption of this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
In June 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to generally accepted accounting principles relating to consolidation. The guidance eliminates previous exceptions to consolidating qualifying special-purpose entities, contains new criteria for determining the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, and increases the frequency of required reassessments to determine whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. The guidance also contains a new requirement that any term, transaction, or arrangement that does not have a substantive effect on an entity’s status as a variable interest entity, a company’s power over a variable interest entity, or a company’s obligation to absorb losses or its right to receive benefits of an entity must be disregarded in applying the guidance. The guidance is applicable for annual periods after November 15, 2009 and interim periods thereafter. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of the adoption of this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Subsequent Events
In May 2009, the FASB issued generally accepted accounting principles for subsequent events. The guidance establishes general standards regarding the disclosure of, and the accounting for events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. The guidance requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date, that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. The guidance is effective for interim and annual financial periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Business Combinations
In April 2009, the FASB issued generally accepted accounting principles relating to the accounting for assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies. The guidance amends and clarifies generally accepted accounting principles for business combinations to address application issues on the initial recognition and measurement, subsequent measurement and accounting, and disclosure of assets and liabilities arising from contingencies in a business combination. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The guidance is effective for us beginning January 1, 2009 and will apply to business combinations completed on or after that date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value Measurements
In April 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to generally accepted accounting principles relating to the disclosures about fair value of financial instruments and interim financial reporting, which is effective for the Company June 30, 2009. The guidance requires a publicly traded company to include disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments whenever it issues summarized financial information for interim reporting periods. In addition, the guidance requires an entity to disclose either in the body or the accompanying notes of its summarized financial information the fair value of all financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value, whether recognized or not recognized in the statement of financial position, as required by general accounting principles for financial instruments. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
In March 2008, the FASB issued generally accepted accounting principles relating to the disclosure about derivative instruments and hedging activities. The guidance seeks to improve financial reporting for derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures regarding the impact on financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. To achieve this increased transparency, the guidance requires (1) the disclosure of the fair value of derivative instruments and gains and losses in a tabular format; (2) the disclosure of derivative features that are credit risk-related; and (3) cross-referencing within the footnotes. We adopted the guidance on January 1, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign currency exchange risk. Certain of our contracts are denominated in Canadian dollars. As our Canadian sales have not historically been significant to our operations, we do not believe that changes in the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar will have a significant impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As we continue to grow our operations, we may increase the amount of our sales to foreign customers. Although we do not expect foreign currency exchange risk to have a significant impact on our future operations, we will assess the risk on a case-specific basis to determine whether a forward currency hedge instrument would be warranted. On August 2, 2007, we entered into a series of forward contracts to fix the Canadian dollar-to-U.S. dollar exchange rates on a Canadian customer contract, as discussed in Note 11 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein. We have one other Canadian dollar contract that we have not elected to hedge, we currently do not transact business in any currency other than the U.S. dollar.
We continue to evaluate the credit worthiness of the counterparty of the hedge instruments. Considering the current state of the credit markets and specific challenges related to financial institutions, the Company continues to believe that the size, international presence and US government cash infusion, and operating history of the counterparty will allow them to perform under the obligations of the contract and are not a risk of default that would change the highly effective status of the hedged instruments.
Interest rate risk. We had outstanding borrowings on our term loan and revolving credit facility of $230.8 million as of September 30, 2009. The term loan and revolving credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin.
On May 21, 2009, we entered into a London Inter-bank Offered Rate (or “LIBOR”) interest rate swap with a notional amount of $138.3 million beginning June 30, 2010, which effectively converts a portion of our variable rate term loan credit facility to a fixed rate debt. The notional amount subject to the swap has pre-set quarterly step downs corresponding to our anticipated principal reduction schedule. The interest rate swap converts the three-month LIBOR rate on the corresponding notional amount of debt to an effective fixed rate of 1.99% (exclusive of the applicable bank margin charged by our lender). The interest rate swap terminates on March 31, 2012 and qualifies as a highly effective cash flow hedge under generally accepted accounting principles for derivatives and hedging. As such, the fair value of the derivative will be

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recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The interest rate swap matures on March 31, 2012. As of September 30, 2009, the interest rate swap had a market value of $0.3 million ($0.2 million net of tax). The liability is included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2009. The unrealized gain (loss) is recorded in other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity.
We entered into an interest rate collar in June 2008 which effectively sets a maximum LIBOR interest rate of 6.00% and a minimum LIBOR interest rate of 2.85% on the interest rate we pay on $155.0 million of our term loan debt outstanding, effectively limiting our base interest rate exposure on this portion of our term loan debt to within that range (2.85% to 6.00%). The collar does not hedge the applicable margin that the counterparty charges (1.50% and 2.75% on our revolving credit facility (base rate loan) and term loan, respectively, as of September 30, 2009). Settlement payments are made between the hedge counterparty and us on a quarterly basis, coinciding with our term loan installment payment dates, for any rate overage on the maximum rate and any rate deficiency on the minimum rate on the notional amount outstanding. The collar terminates on September 30, 2010 and no consideration was exchanged with the counterparty to enter into the hedging arrangement. As of September 30, 2009, we pay an effective interest rate of 2.85% on $155.0 million of notional term loan debt outstanding before applying the applicable margin.
We continue to evaluate the credit worthiness of the counterparty of the hedge instruments when assessing effectiveness. The Company believes that given the size of the hedged instruments and the likelihood that the counterparty would have to perform under the contracts mitigates any potential credit risk and risk of non-performance under the contract. In addition, the Company understands the interest rate hedge counterparty has been acquired by a much larger financial institution. We believe that the creditworthiness of the acquirer mitigates risk and will allow the interest rate hedge counterparty to be able to perform under the terms of the contract.
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in LIBOR would have resulted in an approximate $0.2 million and $0.6 change to our interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, which represents potential interest rate change exposure on our outstanding unhedged portion of our term loan and revolving credit facility.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any control and procedure, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship regarding the potential utilization of certain controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting for the three months ended September 30, 2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Other than the Med-Data dispute discussed in Note 6 of the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, herein, we are not presently involved in any other legal proceeding, the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse affect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Risks Related to Government Regulation
Our business and our industry are highly regulated, and if government regulations are interpreted or enforced in a manner adverse to us or our business, we may be subject to enforcement actions, penalties, and other material limitations on our business.
     We and the healthcare manufacturers, distributors and providers with whom we do business are extensively regulated by federal, state and local governmental agencies. Most of the products offered through our group purchasing contracts are subject to direct regulation by federal and state governmental agencies. We rely upon vendors who use our services to meet all quality control, packaging, distribution, labeling, hazard and health information notice, record keeping and licensing requirements. In addition, we rely upon the carriers retained by our vendors to comply with regulations regarding the shipment of any hazardous materials.
     We cannot guarantee that the vendors are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If vendors or the providers with whom we do business have failed, or fail in the future, to adequately comply with any relevant laws or regulations, we could become involved in governmental investigations or private lawsuits concerning these regulations. If we were found to be legally responsible in any way for such failure we could be subject to injunctions, penalties or fines which could harm our business. Furthermore, any such investigation or lawsuit could cause us to expend significant resources and divert the attention of our management team, regardless of the outcome, and thus could harm our business.
     In recent years, the group purchasing industry and some of its largest purchasing customers have been reviewed by the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights for possible conflict of interest and restraint of trade violations. As a response to the Senate Subcommittee inquiry, our company joined other GPOs to develop a set of voluntary principles of ethics and business conduct designed to address the Senate’s concerns regarding anti-competitive practices. The voluntary code was presented to the Senate Subcommittee in March 2006. In addition, we maintain our own Standards of Business Conduct that provide guidelines for conducting our business practices in a manner that is consistent with antitrust and restraint of trade laws and regulations. Although there has not been any further inquiry by the Senate Subcommittee since March 2006, the Senate, the Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission or other state or federal governing entity could at any time develop new rules, regulations or laws governing the group purchasing industry that could adversely impact our ability to negotiate pricing arrangements with vendors, increase reporting and documentation requirements or otherwise require us to modify our pricing arrangements in a manner that negatively impacts our business and financial results. On August 11, 2009 we, and several other GPOs, received a letter from Senators Charles Grassley, Herb Kohl and Bill Nelson requesting information concerning the different relationships between and among our GPO and its clients, distributors, manufacturers and other vendors and suppliers, and requesting certain information about the services the GPO performs and the payments it receives. On September 25, 2009 we and several other GPOs received a request for information from the Government Accountability Office (GAO), also concerning our GPO’s services and relationships with our clients. We have fully complied with both requests.
There have been no other material changes in the risk factors as disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we issued approximately 205,000 unregistered shares of our common stock in connection with stock option exercises related to options issued in connection with our acquisition of OSI Systems, Inc. in June 2003. We received approximately $0.3 million in consideration in connection with these stock option exercises.
These issuances of our common stock were deemed to be exempt from registration in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, or Regulation D or Rule 701 promulgated thereunder, as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.
Item 6. Exhibits
     
Exhibit    
No.   Description of Exhibit
31.1*
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 302 Certification for President and Chief Executive Officer
 
   
31.2*
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 302 Certification for Chief Financial Officer
 
   
32.1*
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 906 Certification for President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
 
*   Filed herewith

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
Signature   Title   Date
 
       
/s/ JOHN A. BARDIS
 
Name: John A. Bardis
  Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer)
  November 6, 2009
 
       
/s/ L. NEIL HUNN
 
Name: L. Neil Hunn
  Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial Officer)
  November 6, 2009

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EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit    
No.   Description of Exhibit
31.1*
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 302 Certification for President and Chief Executive Officer
 
   
31.2*
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 302 Certification for Chief Financial Officer
 
   
32.1*
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 906 Certification for President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
 
*   Filed herewith

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