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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

  For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

or

  For the transition period from                 to                 

Commission file number 0-7154

QUAKER CHEMICAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (610) 832-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 of the Act)    Yes  x    No  ¨

State aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant. (The aggregate market value is computed by reference to the last reported sale on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2004): $266,675,989.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: 9,667,435 shares of Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value, as of February 28, 2005.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 11, 2005 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

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PART I

As used in this Report, the terms “Quaker,” the “Company,” “we” and “our” refer to Quaker Chemical Corporation, its subsidiaries, and associated companies, unless the context otherwise requires.

Item 1.    Business.

General Description

Quaker develops, produces, and markets a broad range of formulated chemical specialty products for various heavy industrial and manufacturing applications and, in addition, offers and markets chemical management services (“CMS”). Quaker’s principal products and services include: (i) rolling lubricants (used by manufacturers of steel in the hot and cold rolling of steel and by manufacturers of aluminum in the hot rolling of aluminum); (ii) corrosion preventives (used by steel and metalworking customers to protect metal during manufacture, storage, and shipment); (iii) metal finishing compounds (used to prepare metal surfaces for special treatments such as galvanizing and tin plating and to prepare metal for further processing); (iv) machining and grinding compounds (used by metalworking customers in cutting, shaping, and grinding metal parts which require special treatment to enable them to tolerate the manufacturing process, achieve closer tolerance and improve tool life); (v) forming compounds (used to facilitate the drawing and extrusion of metal products); (vi) hydraulic fluids (used by steel, metalworking, and other customers to operate hydraulically activated equipment); (vii) technology for the removal of hydrogen sulfide in various industrial applications; (viii) chemical milling maskants for the aerospace industry and temporary and permanent coatings for metal and concrete products; (ix) construction products such as flexible sealants and protective coatings for various applications; and (x) programs to provide chemical management services. Individual product lines representing more than 10% of consolidated revenues for any of the past three years are as follows:

A substantial portion of Quaker’s sales worldwide are made directly through its own employees and its CMS programs with the balance being handled through value added resellers and agents. Quaker employees visit the plants of customers regularly and, through training and experience, identify production needs which can be resolved or alleviated either by adapting Quaker’s existing products or by applying new formulations developed in Quaker’s laboratories. Generally, separate manufacturing facilities of a single customer are served by different personnel. As part of the Company’s chemical management services, certain third party product sales to customers are managed by the Company. Where the Company acts as a principal, revenues are recognized on a gross reporting basis at the selling price negotiated with the customers. Where the Company acts as an agent, such revenue is recorded using net reporting as service revenues, at the amount of the administrative fee earned by the Company for ordering the goods. Third party products transferred under arrangements resulting in net reporting totaled $35.2 million, $26.6 million, and $28.3 million for 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements, when title and risk of loss have been transferred, collectibility is reasonably assured, and pricing is fixed or determinable. This generally occurs for product sales when products are shipped to customers or, for consignment arrangements upon usage by the customer and when services are performed. License fees and royalties are recognized in accordance with agreed upon terms, when performance obligations are satisfied, the amount is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured and are included in other income.

The business of the Company and its operating results are subject to certain risks, of which the principal ones are referred to in the following subsections.

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Competition

The chemical specialty industry comprises a number of companies of similar size as well as companies larger and smaller than Quaker. Quaker cannot readily determine its precise position in every industry it serves. Based on information available to Quaker, however, it is estimated that Quaker holds a leading and significant global position (among a group in excess of 25 other suppliers) in the market for process fluids to produce sheet steel. It is also believed that Quaker holds significant global positions in the markets for process fluids in portions of the automotive and industrial markets. Many competitors are in fewer and more specialized product classifications or provide different levels of technical services in terms of specific formulations for individual customers. Competition in the industry is based primarily on the ability to provide products that meet the needs of the customer and render technical services and laboratory assistance to customers and, to a lesser extent, on price.

Major Customers and Markets

During 2004, Quaker’s five largest customers (each composed of multiple subsidiaries or divisions with semi-autonomous purchasing authority) accounted for approximately 28% of its consolidated net sales with the largest customer (General Motors) accounting for approximately 10% of consolidated net sales. A significant portion of Quaker’s revenues are realized from the sale of process fluids and services to manufacturers of steel, automobiles, appliances, and durable goods, and, therefore, Quaker is subject to the same business cycles as those experienced by these manufacturers and their customers. Furthermore, steel customers typically have limited manufacturing locations as compared to metalworking customers and generally use higher volumes of products at a single location. Accordingly, the loss or closure of a steel mill of a significant customer can have a material adverse effect on Quaker’s business.

Raw Materials

Quaker uses over 1,000 raw materials, including mineral oils and derivatives, animal fats and derivatives, vegetable oils and derivatives, ethylene derivatives, solvents, surface active agents, chlorinated paraffinic compounds, and a wide variety of other organic and inorganic compounds. In 2004, only three raw material groups (mineral oil and derivatives, animal fats and derivatives, and vegetable oils and derivatives) accounted for as much as 10% of the total cost of Quaker’s raw material purchases. The price of mineral oil is directly affected by the price of crude oil. Accordingly, significant fluctuations in the price of crude oil can have a material effect upon the Company’s business. Many of the raw materials used by Quaker are “commodity” chemicals, and, therefore, Quaker’s earnings can be affected by market changes in raw material prices. Quaker has multiple sources of supply for most materials, and management believes that the failure of any single supplier would not have a material adverse effect upon its business. Reference is made to the disclosure contained in Item 7A of this Report.

Patents and Trademarks

Quaker has a limited number of patents and patent applications, including patents issued, applied for, or acquired in the United States and in various foreign countries, some of which may prove to be material to its business. Principal reliance is placed upon Quaker’s proprietary formulae and the application of its skills and experience to meet customer needs. Quaker’s products are identified by trademarks that are registered throughout its marketing area. Quaker makes little use of advertising but relies heavily upon its reputation in the markets which it serves.

Research and Development—Laboratories

Quaker’s research and development laboratories are directed primarily toward applied research and development since the nature of Quaker’s business requires continual modification and improvement of

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formulations to provide chemical specialties to satisfy customer requirements. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses during 2004, 2003, and 2002 were $13.8 million, $10.1 million, and $9.1 million, respectively.

Quaker maintains quality control laboratory facilities in each of its manufacturing locations. In addition, Quaker maintains in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, and Uithoorn, The Netherlands, laboratory facilities that are devoted primarily to applied research and development.

Most of Quaker’s subsidiaries and associated companies also have laboratory facilities. Although not as complete as the Conshohocken or Uithoorn laboratories, these facilities are generally sufficient for the requirements of the customers being served. If problems are encountered which cannot be resolved by local laboratories, such problems may be referred to the laboratory staff in Conshohocken or Uithoorn.

Regulatory Matters

In order to facilitate compliance with applicable Federal, state, and local statutes and regulations relating to occupational health and safety and protection of the environment, the Company has an ongoing program of site assessment for the purpose of identifying capital expenditures or other actions that may be necessary to comply with such requirements. The program includes periodic inspections of each facility by Quaker and/or independent environmental experts, as well as ongoing inspections and training by on-site personnel. Such inspections are addressed to operational matters, record keeping, reporting requirements, and capital improvements. In 2004, capital expenditures directed solely or primarily to regulatory compliance amounted to approximately $1.1 million compared to $0.5 million and $0.5 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively. In 2005, the Company expects to incur approximately $1.1 million for capital expenditures directed primarily to regulatory compliance. Incorporated by reference is the information regarding AC Products, Inc. contained in Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report.

Number of Employees

On December 31, 2004, Quaker’s consolidated companies had 1,235 full-time employees of whom 560 were employed by the parent company and its U.S. subsidiaries and 675 were employed by its non-U.S. subsidiaries. Associated companies of Quaker (in which it owns 50% or less) employed 152 people on December 31, 2004.

Product Classification

The Company’s reportable segments are as follows:

(1)  Metalworking process chemicals—industrial process fluids for various heavy industrial and manufacturing applications.

(2)  Coatings—temporary and permanent coatings for metal and concrete products and chemical milling maskants.

(3)  Other chemical products—other various chemical products.

Incorporated by reference is the segment information contained in Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report.

Non-U.S. Activities

Since significant revenues and earnings are generated by non-U.S. operations, Quaker’s financial results are affected by currency fluctuations, particularly between the U.S. dollar, the E.U. euro, and the Brazilian real, and the impact of those currency fluctuations on the underlying economies. Incorporated by reference is the foreign exchange risk information contained in Item 7A of this Report and the geographic information in Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report.

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Quaker on the Internet

Financial results, news and other information about Quaker can be accessed from the Company’s Web site at http://www.quakerchem.com. This site includes important information on products and services, financial reports, news releases, and career opportunities. The Company’s periodic and current reports, including exhibits and supplemental schedules filed therewith, and amendments to those reports, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) are available on the Company’s Web site, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC.

Factors that May Affect Our Future Results

(Cautionary Statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995)

Certain information included in this Report and other materials filed or to be filed by Quaker with the SEC (as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us) contain or may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, intentions, financial condition, results of operations, future performance and business, including:

Such statements include information relating to current and future business activities, operational matters, capital spending, and financing sources. From time to time, oral or written forward-looking statements are also included in Quaker’s periodic reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K, press releases and other materials released to the public.

Any or all of the forward-looking statements in this Report, in Quaker’s Annual Report to Shareholders for 2004, and in any other public statements we make may turn out to be wrong. This can occur as a result of inaccurate assumptions or as a consequence of known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors discussed in this Report will be important in determining our future performance. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from those that might be anticipated from our forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. However, any further disclosures made on related subjects in Quaker’s subsequent reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K should be consulted. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us and our operations that are subject to change based on various important factors, some of which are beyond our control. A major risk is that the Company’s demand is largely derived from the demand for its customers’ products, which subjects the Company to uncertainties related to downturns in a customer’s business and unanticipated customer production shutdowns. Other major risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, significant increases in raw material costs, worldwide economic and political conditions, foreign currency fluctuations, and terrorist attacks such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001. Furthermore, the Company is subject to the same business cycles as those experienced by steel, automobile, aircraft, appliance, and durable goods manufacturers. These risks, uncertainties, and possible inaccurate assumptions relevant to our business could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results. Other factors beyond those discussed below could also adversely affect us. Therefore, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. This discussion is provided as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

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Item 2.    Properties.

Quaker’s corporate headquarters and a laboratory facility are located in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. Quaker’s other principal facilities are located in Detroit, Michigan; Middletown, Ohio; Placentia, California; Uithoorn, The Netherlands; Santa Perpetua de Mogoda, Spain; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Tradate, Italy; and Wuxi, China. All the properties except Placentia, California are used by the metalworking segment and Placentia, California is used by the coatings segment. With the exception of the Conshohocken, Placentia and Tradate sites, which are leased, all of these principal facilities are owned by Quaker and as of December 31, 2004 were mortgage free. Quaker also leases sales, laboratory, manufacturing, and warehouse facilities in other locations.

In January 2001, the Company contributed its Conshohocken, Pennsylvania property and buildings (the “Site”) into a real estate joint venture (the “Venture”) in exchange for a 50% interest in the Venture. The Venture did not assume any debt or other obligations of the Company and the Company did not guarantee nor was it obligated to pay any principle, interest or penalties on any of the Venture’s indebtedness. The Venture renovated certain of the existing buildings at the Site, as well as built new office space (the “Project”). In December 2000, the Company entered into an agreement with the Venture to lease approximately 38% of the Site’s available office space for a 15-year period commencing February 2002, with multiple renewal options. The Company believes the terms of this lease are no less favorable than the terms it would have obtained from an unaffiliated third party. In February 2005, the Venture sold its real estate assets, which resulted in $4.2 million of proceeds to the Company after payment of the partnership obligations.

In February 2005, the Company completed the sale of a portion of its Villeneuve, France site. Quaker ceased manufacturing operations at this facility effective March 31, 2002. Production was consolidated into its facilities in Uithoorn, The Netherlands and Santa Perpetua de Mogoda, Spain. Sales and laboratory activities will continue at the Villeneuve site pending its complete sale. The Company expects to complete the sale of the remaining property in 2005.

Quaker’s aforementioned principal facilities (excluding Conshohocken) consist of various manufacturing, administrative, warehouse, and laboratory buildings. Substantially all of the buildings (including Conshohocken) are of fire-resistant construction and are equipped with sprinkler systems. All facilities are primarily of masonry and/or steel construction and are adequate and suitable for Quaker’s present operations. The Company has a program to identify needed capital improvements that are implemented as management considers necessary or desirable. Most locations have various numbers of raw material storage tanks ranging from 7 to 66 at each location with a capacity ranging from 1,000 to 82,000 gallons and processing or manufacturing vessels ranging in capacity from 15 to 16,000 gallons.

Each of Quaker’s 50% or less owned non-U.S. associated companies owns or leases a plant and/or sales facilities in various locations.

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings.

The Company is a party to proceedings, cases, and requests for information from, and negotiations with, various claimants and Federal and state agencies relating to various matters including environmental matters. Incorporated herein by reference is the information concerning pending asbestos-related litigation against an inactive subsidiary and amounts accrued associated with certain environmental investigatory and non-capital remediation costs in Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements which appears in Item 8 of this Report. The Company is party to other litigation which management currently believes will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flow, or financial condition.

Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the last quarter of the period covered by this Report.

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Item 4(a).    Executive Officers of the Registrant.

Set forth below are the executive officers of the Company. Each of the executive officers is elected annually to a one-year term. Mr. Featherstone was appointed to his position when he joined the Company and is considered an executive officer in his capacity as principal accounting officer for purposes of this item.

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PART II

The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the trading symbol KWR. The following table sets forth, for the calendar quarters during the past two years, the range of high and low sales prices for the common stock as reported on the NYSE consolidated tape (amounts rounded to the nearest penny), and the quarterly dividends declared and paid:

As of January 17, 2005 there were 806 shareholders of record of the Company’s common stock, its only outstanding class of equity securities.

Reference is made to the information appearing under the caption “Equity Compensation Plans” in Item 12 of this Report, which is incorporated herein by this reference.

Every holder of Quaker common stock is entitled to one vote or ten votes for each share held of record on any record date depending on how long each share had been held. As of January 17, 2005, 9,668,753 shares of Quaker common stock were issued and outstanding. Based on the information available to the Company, on January 17, 2005, the holders of 1,205,501 shares of Quaker common stock would have been entitled to cast ten votes for each share, or approximately 59% of the total votes that would have been entitled to be cast as of that record date and the holders of 8,463,252 shares of Quaker common stock would have been entitled to cast one vote for each share, or approximately 41% of the total votes that would have been entitled to be cast as of that date. The number of shares that are indicated as entitled to one vote includes those shares presumed to be entitled to only one vote. Because the holders of these shares may rebut this presumption, the total number of votes entitled to be cast as of January 17, 2005 could be more than 20,518,262.

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Item 6.    Selected Financial Data.

The following table sets forth selected financial information for the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries:

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Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Executive Summary

Quaker Chemical Corporation is a worldwide developer, producer, and marketer of chemical specialty products and a provider of chemical management services for various heavy industrial and manufacturing applications around the globe, with significant sales to the steel and automotive industries. The Company’s strategies and initiatives flow from three business imperatives: (1) sell customer solutions—value—not just fluids, (2) operate as a globally integrated whole, and (3) harness the power of our global knowledge and learning. Success factors critical to the Company’s business include successfully differentiating the Company’s offering from its competition, operating efficiently and profitably as a globally integrated whole, and increasing market share and customer penetration through internally developed business programs and strategic acquisitions.

The results for 2004 reflect the challenging business environment in which the Company operates. The Company experienced significant revenue growth of 18% in 2004 versus 2003, driven by base business growth, the full year impact of the Company’s 2003 acquisitions, and favorable foreign exchange. Approximately half of the Company’s base business growth was due to the full year effect of the Company’s chemical management services (CMS) contracts, which were effective May of 2003, as well as additional contracts awarded in 2004. The remaining base business increase in revenue was attributable to growth in the Asia/Pacific, North and South American regions, partially offset by lower sales in Europe.

Even with this revenue increase, earnings were down versus 2003 due to significantly higher raw material and selling, general and administrative costs. Since the second half of 2003, the Company has experienced a continual escalation in the pricing of its key raw materials, particularly those derived from crude oil. Although the Company announced and implemented price increases during the third and fourth quarters of 2004, the benefit of these increases did not mitigate fully the impact of these higher raw material costs in 2004. The Company’s U.S. CMS program contributed to profitability in 2004 as a result of numerous product conversions completed during the latter half of 2004. Increases in selling, general and administrative costs were associated with strategic initiatives, as well as a range of administrative costs such as Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, pension, incentive compensation, and higher sales commissions.

In the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company began efforts to realign the organization and reduce costs by announcing the consolidation of its administrative facilities in Hong Kong with its Shanghai headquarters. Further actions to eliminate additional positions were taken in the U.S. and Europe during the first quarter of 2005. The Company expects to reinvest the savings from these actions, estimated to be within the range of $1.3 to $1.5 million annually, in higher growth areas such as Asia/Pacific and in the continuing development of new, complementary businesses.

The Company expects earnings to improve after a disappointing 2004. The Company’s 2005 plans call for high single digit revenue growth and margin improvements assuming raw material costs stabilize. The Company remains committed to its strategic imperatives and will stay focused on managing its raw materials and other costs and its pricing. Also, with its strong financial position and cash flow generation, the Company will continue to pursue acquisitions and it expects to continue its record of annual dividend increases.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Quaker’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon Quaker’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires Quaker to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, Quaker evaluates its estimates, including those related to customer sales incentives, product returns, bad debts, inventories, property, plant, and equipment, investments, intangible assets, income taxes, financing operations, restructuring, accrued incentive compensation

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plans, pensions and other postretirement benefits, and contingencies and litigation. Quaker bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Quaker believes the following critical accounting policies describe the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements:

1.  Accounts receivable and inventory reserves and exposures—Quaker establishes allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of Quaker’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. Downturns in the overall economic climate may also exacerbate specific customer financial issues. As part of its terms of trade, Quaker may custom manufacture products for certain large customers and/or may ship product on a consignment basis. Further, a significant portion of Quaker’s revenues is derived from sales to customers in the U.S. steel industry, where a number of bankruptcies have occurred during recent years. Through 2003, Quaker recorded additional provisions for doubtful accounts primarily related to bankruptcies in the U.S. steel industry. When a bankruptcy occurs, Quaker must judge the amount of proceeds, if any, that may ultimately be received through the bankruptcy or liquidation process. These matters may increase the Company’s exposure should a bankruptcy occur, and may require writedown or disposal of certain inventory due to its estimated obsolescence or limited marketability. Customer returns of products or disputes may also result in similar issues related to the realization of recorded accounts receivable or returned inventory. Reserves for customers filing for bankruptcy protection are generally established at 75-100% of the amount owed at the filing date, dependent on the Company’s evaluation of likely proceeds from the bankruptcy process. Large and/or financially distressed customers are generally reserved for on a specific review basis while a general reserve is established for other customers based on historical experience. The Company’s consolidated allowance for doubtful accounts was $6.8 million and $6.8 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003 respectively. Further, the Company recorded provisions for doubtful accounts of $0.5 million, $1.0 million and $1.4 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002 respectively. An increase of 10% to the recorded provisions would have decreased the Company’s pre-tax earnings by $0.05 million, $0.1 million and $0.14 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

2.  Environmental and litigation reserves—Accruals for environmental and litigation matters are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Accrued liabilities are exclusive of claims against third parties and are not discounted. Environmental costs and remediation costs are capitalized if the costs extend the life, increase the capacity or improve the safety or efficiency of the property from the date acquired or constructed, and/or mitigate or prevent contamination in the future. Estimates for accruals for environmental matters are based on a variety of potential technical solutions, governmental regulations and other factors, and are subject to a large range of potential costs for remediation and other actions. A considerable amount of judgment is required in determining the most likely estimate within the range, and the factors determining this judgment may vary over time. Similarly, reserves for litigation and similar matters are based on a range of potential outcomes and require considerable judgment in determining the most probable outcome. If no amount within the range is considered more probable than any other amount, the Company accrues the lowest amount in the range in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. An inactive subsidiary of the Company is involved in asbestos litigation. If the Company ever concludes that it is probable it will be liable for any of the obligations of such subsidiary, then it will record the associated liabilities if they can be reasonably estimated. The Company will reassess this situation periodically in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” See Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements which appears in Item 8 of this Report.

3.  Realizability of equity investments—Quaker holds equity investments in various foreign companies, whereby it has the ability to influence, but not control, the operations of the entity and its future results.

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Quaker records an investment impairment charge when it believes an investment has experienced a decline in value that is other than temporary. Future adverse changes in market conditions, poor operating results of underlying investments, or devaluation of foreign currencies could result in losses or an inability to recover the carrying value of the investments that may not be reflected in an investment’s current carrying value. These factors may result in an impairment charge in the future. The carrying amount of the Company’s equity investments at December 31, 2004 was $6.7 million and comprised of three investments totaling $3.9, $2.2 and $0.6 million, respectively. During 2004, these equity investments reported net profits and were not considered impaired.

4.  Tax exposures and valuation allowances—Quaker records expenses and liabilities for taxes based on estimates of amounts that will be ultimately determined to be deductible in tax returns filed in various jurisdictions. The filed tax returns are subject to audit, often several years subsequent to the date of the financial statements. Disputes or disagreements may arise during audits over the timing or validity of certain items or deductions, which may not be resolved for extended periods of time. Quaker establishes reserves for potential tax audit and other exposures as transactions occur and reviews these reserves on a regular basis; however, actual exposures and audit adjustments may vary from these estimates. Quaker also records valuation allowances when necessary to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. While Quaker has considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event Quaker were to determine that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its net recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should Quaker determine that it would not be able to realize all or part of its net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period such determination was made which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial statements. U.S. income taxes have not been provided on the undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries since it is the Company’s intention to continue to reinvest these earnings in those subsidiaries for working capital and expansion needs. U.S. and foreign income taxes that would be payable if such earnings were distributed may be lower than the amount computed at the U.S. statutory rate due to the availability of tax credits.

5.  Restructuring liabilities—Restructuring charges may consist of charges for employee severance, rationalization of manufacturing facilities and other items. In 2001, Quaker recorded restructuring and other exit costs, including involuntary termination of certain employees, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring).” Certain of these items, particularly those involving impairment charges for assets to be sold or closed, require significant estimates and assumptions in terms of estimated sale proceeds, date of sale, transaction costs and other matters, and these estimates can change based on market conditions and other factors. In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” which nullified EITF Issue No. 94-3. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 146 effective for exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. The principal difference between SFAS No. 146 and EITF 94-3 relates to its requirements for recognition of a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity. SFAS No. 146 requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. Under EITF 94-3, a liability for exit costs is recognized at the date of an entity’s commitment to an exit plan. In February 2005, the Company completed the sale of a portion of its Villeneuve, France site. The Company incurred no loss on this portion of the sale and expects to complete the sale of the remaining property in 2005. The Company ceased manufacturing operations at this facility effective March 31, 2002. Production was consolidated into its facilities in Uithoorn, The Netherlands and Santa Perpetua de Mogoda, Spain. Sales and laboratory activities will continue at the Villeneuve site pending its complete sale. If the Company’s estimated selling price at December 31, 2004 changed by 10%, the impact to the Company’s pre-tax earnings would be approximately $0.1 million.

6.  Goodwill and other intangible assets—Goodwill and other intangible assets are evaluated in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Intangible assets, which do not

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have indefinite lives, are recorded at fair value and amortized over a straight-line basis based on third party valuations of the assets. Goodwill and intangible assets, which have indefinite lives, are no longer amortized and are required to be assessed at least annually for impairment. The Company compares the assets’ fair value to its carrying value primarily based on future discounted cash flows in order to determine if an impairment charge is warranted. The estimates of future cash flows involve considerable management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance, and economic conditions. The Company completed its annual impairment assessment as of the end of the third quarter 2004 and no impairment charge was warranted. The Company’s consolidated goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2004 and 2003 were $35.5 million and $33.9 million, respectively. The Company’s assumption of weighted average cost of capital and estimated future net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) are particularly important in determining whether an impairment charge has been incurred. The Company currently uses a weighted average cost of capital of 12% and, at September 30, 2004, this assumption would have had to increase by 6 percentage points before any of the Company’s reporting units would fail step one of the SFAS No. 142 impairment analysis. Further, at September 30, 2004, the Company’s estimate of future NOPAT would have had to decrease by more than 32% before any of the Company’s reporting units would be considered potentially impaired.

7.  Postretirement benefits—The Company provides certain pension and other postretirement benefits to employees and retirees. Independent actuaries, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, perform the required valuations to determine benefit expense and, if necessary, non-cash charges to equity for additional minimum pension liabilities. Critical assumptions used in the actuarial valuation include the weighted average discount rate, rates of increase in compensation levels and expected long-term rates of return on assets. If different assumptions were used, additional pension expense or charges to equity might be required. For 2004, the Company incurred such a non-cash charge to equity of $1.1 million. The Company’s pension plan year-end is November 30, which serves as the measurement date. The following table highlights the potential impact on the Company’s pretax earnings due to changes in assumptions with respect to the Company’s pension plans, based on assets and liabilities at December 31, 2004: