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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
   For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
   For the transition period from                  to                 

 

Commission file number 0-22418

ITRON, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Washington   91-1011792
(State of incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

2818 North Sullivan Road

Spokane, Washington 99216-1897

(509) 924-9900

(Address and telephone number of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of each class

Common stock, no par value

Preferred share purchase rights

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes  x    No  ¨

 

As of June 30, 2004 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the closing price for the common stock on the NASDAQ National Market on such date) was $479,982,429.

 

As of February 28, 2005, there were outstanding 21,500,273 shares of the registrant’s common stock, no par value, which is the only class of common stock of the registrant.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

The information called for by Part III is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company to be held May 3, 2005.

 



Table of Contents

Itron, Inc.

 

Table of Contents

 

     Page

PART I

    

ITEM 1: BUSINESS

   1

ITEM 2: PROPERTIES

   18

ITEM 3: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

   18

ITEM 4: SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

   18

PART II

    

ITEM 5: MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

   19

ITEM 6: SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

   20

ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

   21

ITEM 7A: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

   41

ITEM 8: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

   43

Consolidated Statements of Operations

   47

Consolidated Balance Sheets

   48

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

   49

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   50

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   51

ITEM 9: CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

   92

ITEM 9A: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

   92

ITEM 9B: OTHER INFORMATION

   93

PART III

    

ITEM 10: DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

   94

ITEM 11: EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

   94

ITEM 12: SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

   94

ITEM 13: CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

   94

ITEM 14: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

   94

PART IV

    

ITEM 15: EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

   95

SIGNATURES

   99


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In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Itron,” and the “Company” refer to Itron, Inc.

 

Certain Forward-Looking Statements

 

This document contains forward-looking statements concerning our operations, economic performance, revenues, earnings, cost reduction programs, integration of acquisitions and other items. These statements are based on information currently available as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. When included in this discussion, the words “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “projects,” “estimates,” “future” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. However, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements rely on a number of assumptions and estimates, which could be inaccurate, and that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to vary materially from those anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, 1) the rate and timing of customer demand for our products, 2) estimates for product warranties, 3) rescheduling of current customer orders, 4) changes in law and regulation (including Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensing actions), 5) absorption and impact of acquisitions and 6) other factors. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not have any obligation or undertaking to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statement contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. For a more complete description of these and other risks, see “Risks Relating to Our Business” within Item 1.

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1:    BUSINESS

 

Available Information

 

Our Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings are available free of charge under the Investor Relations section of our website at www.itron.com as soon as practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC. In addition, our filings are available at the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) and at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549, or by calling 1-800-SEC-0330.

 

General

 

Itron is a leading technology and knowledge provider for creating, collecting, analyzing and applying critical data about electric, gas and water usage to energy and water industries worldwide. We provide our customers with industry-leading solutions for electricity metering, meter data collection, energy and water information management, demand side management and response, load forecasting, analysis and consulting services, distribution system design and optimization, web-based workforce automation, commercial and industrial (C&I) customer care and residential energy and water management.

 

We have provided handheld computer meter data collection systems used by meter readers since Itron’s founding in 1977 and automatic meter reading (AMR) since 1986. On July 1, 2004, we completed the acquisition of Schlumberger’s electricity metering business (SEM), founded in 1899, which included electricity meter manufacturing and sales operations in the United States (U.S.) and the electricity meter operations of certain foreign affiliates of Schlumberger in Canada, Mexico, Taiwan and France. As a result of this acquisition, we are now the largest supplier of electricity meters in the U.S. This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, includes the operating activity of the SEM acquisition from July 1, 2004 through December 31, 2004.

 

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Our vision is to provide energy and water utilities and end-users with the knowledge they require to optimize the delivery and use of energy and water. Our products and services help reduce costs, increase efficiency and reliability, reduce risk, enhance regulatory and safety compliance, optimize asset utilization and improve customer service. Our solutions are comprised of hardware, software and services that integrate the creation, measurement, collection, management, application and forecasting of data, providing a platform for utilities to share and apply critical knowledge throughout the utility and with other market participants, including end-users. Our three operating segments are Hardware Solutions—Electricity Metering, Hardware Solutions—Meter Data Collection and Software Solutions.

 

Market Overview

 

Utility Industry Structure and Challenges

 

The largest electric and gas utilities in the U.S. and Canada are investor-owned highly regulated companies. The water industry, and some portions of the electric and gas industries, consist of smaller utilities, many of which are government run or closely-held. Outside of the U.S. and Canada, utilities are a mixture of government run and investor-owned companies, and in some cases are much larger in size than utilities in the U.S. and Canada.

 

Despite differences in size and markets, utilities around the world face similar issues. In many places, there are insufficient supplies of electricity and electricity delivery infrastructure that is expensive to maintain, which has resulted in the inability to reliably deliver electricity during critical peak usage periods. In the water industry, increasing demand and static or decreasing supplies have resulted in water utilities imposing restrictions on the use of water in many areas. Increases in wholesale natural gas prices over the past few years have resulted in higher costs for electricity generation and higher retail prices for electricity and natural gas. Utilities face increased scrutiny from regulators and customers to improve service, improve efficiency and increase system reliability. In some markets, utilities are being asked to provide better information so that customers can manage their own energy and water usage. At the same time utilities are expected to keep rates low, utility investors and governments want improved financial performance and reasonable returns on their investments. In response to many of these challenges, utilities have invested in hardware and software technologies that provide increased analytics, intelligence and information in order to improve operational and financial performance, and to provide their customers with additional information to manage exposure to market forces. However, investments in these technologies can be affected by many factors that influence utility capital spending. For example, in late 2003, and the first nine months of 2004, several large investor-owned utilities delayed investments in AMR and software due to several instances of extreme weather, a major blackout in the northeastern U.S. and other factors that affected their financial performance.

 

Segment Opportunities

 

Electricity Metering.    Most installed residential electricity meters are electromechanical, using a mechanical register to measure aggregate electricity consumption over a specified time interval. One of the most recent and significant developments in residential electricity metering has been the introduction of electronic-based, or solid-state, metering technology rather than the gear-based technology of traditional electromechanical meters. Solid-state technology provides increased capabilities, reliability and accuracy and facilitates the integration of embedded AMR functionality in electricity meters. While solid-state meters are relatively new to residential metering, solid-state meters have displaced electromechanical meters for most C&I and Generation, Transmission and Distribution (GT&D) meter sales.

 

Electricity metering industry growth is driven by new construction and replacement of old meters. Metering products are critical components of an electric utility’s distribution infrastructure and as such, meter purchases for new construction and normal meter replacements are typically not affected by factors that influence overall utility capital spending. The U.S. electricity metering market has historically shown consistent growth over a long period of time, approximately 2% to 3% annually. In more recent years, increased deployments of AMR

 

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have caused the industry growth rate to be even higher as utilities implementing AMR tend to replace some portion of their electricity meters before they reach the end of their estimated useful lives.

 

Meter Data Collection.    Almost all utilities in the U.S. and Canada, and utilities in many other countries, use handheld meter reading systems for a substantial portion of their meter data collection functions. This market primarily consists of upgrade and replacement sales.

 

In the U.S. and Canada, we estimate there are approximately 300 million meters, of which approximately 25% are read with AMR systems. We estimate that outside of the U.S and Canada, there are approximately 900 million to 1.2 billion meters with less than 3.0% AMR penetration. AMR industry growth is primarily driven by the need for cost savings, increased accuracy, improved service, theft detection, more frequent meter data collection as well as other factors, and utilities and regulators generally acknowledge the benefits of AMR. Recent industry surveys indicate over 95% of utilities in the U.S. and Canada intend to implement AMR and that many of those utilities intend to automate every meter in their territory. However, AMR industry growth has historically not been stable due to the project-based nature of orders from most large investor-owned utilities, and because purchases may be deferred as a result of many factors that can affect utility capital spending. The annual growth rate for AMR in North America averaged 18% from 2000 through 2004. However, during that time, the peak annual growth rate was 31% in 2001 and in 2004, there was a year-over-year decline in AMR purchases of approximately 3.0% as several large orders were completed without new similar size orders to replace them.

 

Software Solutions.    The market and growth rates for our software licenses and related implementation and consulting services are difficult to estimate and predict. Growth in residential meter data collection software is primarily affected by handheld upgrade and replacement cycles and by new purchases of AMR systems. C&I meter data collection software system growth is primarily influenced by upgrades in North America and by new sales in foreign markets. The need for more frequent meter reads will also lead to growth in data collection and meter data management software. While we believe there is an increasing need for many of our software applications in both domestic and foreign markets, purchases of these products may be deferred and are affected by a utility’s overall capital spending budget.

 

Products and Solutions

 

Hardware Solutions—Electricity Metering

 

Residential Meters.    Residential meters account for approximately 90% of the meters in a typical utility’s electricity network. Due to the limited voltage requirements of households, residential electricity meters are simpler in design and are typically less expensive than other types of meters. Our residential meters are based on a flexible product platform allowing the product to be adapted to customers’ different communications and register preferences. Our CENTRON solid-state electricity meter incorporates a two-piece design that combines a base metrology with a variety of electronic registers that enable different measurement, storage, communications and AMR functions.

 

Commercial and Industrial Meters.    C&I meters account for approximately 10% of the meters in a typical utility’s electricity network. Due to the various voltage requirements and consumption behavior of C&I customers, these meters are more sophisticated in design and provide additional measurement capabilities beyond residential meters such as demand, time-of-use, load profile, reactive measurement and monitoring power and voltage quality. Virtually all C&I meters sold today employ solid-state technology. Our solid-state SENTINEL meter is our primary meter for C&I use.

 

Generation, Transmission and Distribution Meters.    The market for GT&D meters accounts for a relatively small number of units shipped in a given year. These meters are the most sophisticated of all power meters, and are typically used by utilities and large industrial customers for applications such as the monitoring of power quality and interruption, system optimization and bulk power measurements. Our Q1000 meter is used for large

 

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C&I and utility power exchange points. The Q1000 is designed for high accuracy revenue billing, advanced communication, simultaneous communication via multiple ports, power quality monitoring, information collection and retrieval and system measurement applications. The Q1000 supports real-time pricing or day-before hourly pricing as its capabilities enable two-way data transport via radio frequency and high-speed telephone communications.

 

International Meters.    We also offer a separate line of residential, C&I and GT&D meters for use outside the U.S. and Canada. The primary differences between meters used in the U.S. and Canada and foreign markets are the physical configuration and certification requirements of the meters.

 

Hardware Solutions—Meter Data Collection

 

LOGO

 

AMR Meter Modules.    Our encoder, receiver, transmitter, or ERT meter modules, are radio-based modules that can be retrofitted to existing electricity, gas or water meters or installed in or on new meters. The ERTs encode consumption, tamper and other information from the meters and communicate the data via radio to Itron’s handheld, mobile and network radio-based data collection technology. Electric ERTs are typically installed under the glass of electromechanical electricity meters and are powered by the electricity running through the meter. Gas and water ERTs are attached to the meters and are powered by long-life batteries. In addition to selling ERT modules, we embed our ERT technology into our solid-state electricity meters and we license our technology to third parties, including meter manufacturers who either manufacture their own AMR modules or embed our AMR technology into their meters. We also offer a separate line of meter modules for use outside the U.S. and Canada. The primary differences between the AMR meter modules used in the U.S. and Canada and in foreign markets are the radio frequency bands in which they operate and the physical configuration and certification requirements of the modules.

 

Handheld Meter Reading and Handheld AMR.    We provide several models of handheld computers that are used by meter readers to walk a route, visually read the meters and input the data. Each model is designed for use in harsh environments with standard text and graphics, back-lit displays, several memory sizes, multiple communication options, interface devices for electronic meters and easy-to-use customizable keyboards. Most handheld units we sell today are radio-equipped (handheld AMR). With handheld AMR, a meter reader walks a route and a radio-equipped handheld computer sends a radio wake-up signal to nearby meters that are ERT equipped and in return, receives consumption, tamper and other information back from the ERTs. While read rates vary depending on a variety of factors, a meter reader walking a route reading meters with a handheld computer can, on average, read between 300 and 500 meters per day without AMR, or two to three times that with handheld AMR. Handheld AMR excels at reading accounts where the meters are expensive or hazardous to read. These meters are often situated in a basement, a backyard with a hostile dog or locked gate, or other situations where access to a meter is difficult.

 

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Mobile AMR.    Mobile AMR uses a radio transceiver in a vehicle that broadcasts a radio wake-up signal to all ERT-equipped meters within range and receives meter reading, tamper and other information back from the ERTs. Mobile AMR is designed for reading saturated deployments of ERT modules. With mobile AMR, a meter reader can read tens of thousands of meters in a day, dramatically improving efficiency relative to handheld meter reading and handheld AMR.

 

Fixed Network AMR.    Fixed Network AMR uses locally installed repeaters and concentrator devices to communicate with ERTs. Concentrators then use the utility’s choice of public communication platforms like GPRS (general packet radio service) networks, Ethernet, PSTN (public switched telephone networks) and others to transfer data between the concentrators and a host processor at a utility. Fixed Network AMR is designed for highly-automated, frequent data collection and is scalable to be cost effectively installed in both large, high density deployments, as well as smaller, spot deployments. Fixed Network AMR supports a utility’s ability to perform a number of advanced applications such as interval meter data collection, time-of-use billing, load profiling, leak and tamper detection, off-cycle reads, outage detection and restoration notification, among others.

 

C&I Network.    Our C&I Network uses advanced, peer-to-peer radio communications to transport meter data from solid-state C&I electricity meters equipped with our External Meter Modems, or EMMs. Data travels from EMMs, through a system of radio relays, to a hub, which then routes the data using a single dedicated phone line to an Itron MV-90 host processor. Our C&I Network eliminates the need for dedicated phone lines and associated ongoing phone charges for each meter, which makes it a cost-effective solution for areas with groups of C&I meters, such as commercial and industrial parks, strip malls, downtown areas or large commercial and industrial facilities with multiple metering points.

 

SmartSynchTM Meter Systems.    In addition to our own C&I network, during 2002 we agreed to be a distributor of SmartSynch’s SmartMeter SystemTM. The SmartMeter System is installed within a regular solid-state C&I electricity meter, which results in low-cost, and efficient field installations. The SmartMeter System collects power quality and usage data, then compresses and encrypts the data for transmission through wireless public communications networks. With its drop-in capability and use of public wireless communications networks, the SmartMeter System is designed for selective deployments of C&I meters in areas with public wireless network coverage.

 

Software Solutions.

 

We provide software for commercial, industrial and residential meter data collection, workforce management, energy and water meter data management and other knowledge applications. In addition to software, we offer professional services for the implementation, system testing and integration of software as well as training, maintenance and software hosting.

 

Data Collection and Workforce Management.    We provide a variety of software applications for managing the collection and transmission of meter data using handheld, mobile, remote C&I meter interrogation and network meter data collection systems. These data collection systems provide meter data information for billing systems, data warehouses, Internet data presentment and Itron knowledge applications. Our workforce management software enables utilities to streamline and automate many of the processes associated with field service activities, including endpoint installations, turn-ons/turn-offs, gas leak detection, credit and collections, meter services and trouble calls. Our software automates the real-time dispatching of work and electronically captures work order completion information in the field.

 

Meter Data Management.    We provide solutions for residential and C&I meter data management. Our meter data management software solutions provide functionality to support the process of meter data collection using open and flexible interfaces, data validation and data editing, complex calculations and aggregation, time-of-use pricing, load research, interactive graphics, billing and financial settlements, load forecasting and deregulated marketplace transactions. These databases are used for other complex data applications.

 

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Knowledge Applications.    We provide utilities with software applications, data warehouses and analytic and visualization tools that leverage the meter data collected and stored by Itron and third party collection and meter data management systems. This broad category of applications includes operational software systems such as C&I billing and C&I load management solutions; web based usage, cost presentment and analytic tools delivered to utilities’ end-users; and analytic solutions such as forecasting and distribution asset optimization. Our forecasting services and software products are used by utilities, market operators, government agencies and others for predicting load growth, revenue, new facilities requirements, customer reaction to proposed programs and rates, day-ahead energy needs and longer-term energy needs. We offer residential energy management and load control solutions that leverage wireless or Internet communications to enable utilities to gain load relief when needed most and to offer customers incentives for participation. We also provide software solutions and consulting services for optimizing the design and construction of new distribution infrastructure as well as the rebuilding of existing distribution infrastructure. Finally, we offer software solutions directly to large energy end-users for gathering and managing meter data, energy bills, budget and weather data along with automated tools to streamline and manage energy costs at the corporate level.

 

Sales and Distribution

 

Itron has two sales forces in North America: one for Hardware Solutions and one for Software Solutions. We also have a foreign sales force. All three sales forces use a combination of direct and indirect sales channels. Direct sales, technical and administrative support teams serve the needs of the largest electric, gas and water utilities in the U.S. and Canada. For other utilities, and in certain foreign markets, we conduct sales and technical support activities primarily through distributors, representative agencies and some meter manufacturer representatives. In addition, Itron markets solutions through a number of alliances and other partnering arrangements. We also sell electric and water meter modules through original equipment manufacturer arrangements with several major meter manufacturers. In these arrangements, manufacturers incorporate our meter modules into new meters and then offer them for sale. We have approximately 150 employees in direct sales and technical support and more than 60 indirect channel partners utilizing their respective sales forces. We also license our AMR technology to third parties, including meter manufacturers who either manufacture their own AMR modules, embed our AMR technology into their meters or purchase ERT meter modules from us.

 

Customers and Markets

 

Worldwide, we have approximately 2,800 utility customers, of which approximately 1,800 are in the U.S. and Canada. We market our electricity metering products to approximately 3,100 utilities in the U.S. and Canada as well as to utilities in Mexico, the Caribbean region and Taiwan. We market our AMR technology to utilities in the U.S. and Canada as well as to utilities in Mexico, the Caribbean region and Australia. We market our manual handheld meter reading systems as well as software systems to utilities in the U.S., Canada and numerous countries around the world. We estimate that the market in the U.S. and Canada for our AMR, handheld and software products includes over 3,400 electric and gas utilities and over 50,000 water utilities.

 

Almost all utilities in the U.S., Canada and in numerous countries around the world use manual control handheld meter reading systems for a substantial portion of their meter data collection functions. In the U.S. and Canada, this market primarily consists of upgrade and replacement sales. Approximately 75% of the largest utilities (those with over 100,000 meters installed) in the U.S. and Canada use Itron’s handheld meter reading systems.

 

In the U.S. and Canada, we estimate that there are approximately 300 million meters. We estimate that there are another 900 million to 1.2 billion meters outside the U.S. and Canada. As of December 31, 2004, we estimate that approximately 25% of the meters in the U.S. and Canada were read with AMR technology, of which over half were read with Itron’s AMR technology. Outside of the U.S. and Canada, we estimate that approximately 20 million meters have been automated as of December 31, 2004.

 

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Marketing

 

Our marketing efforts focus on company and product brand awareness and recognition principally through an integrated marketing communications approach, which includes industry trade shows, symposiums, brochures and collateral, published papers, our website, print advertising, direct mail, electronic communications, newsletters, conferences, industry standards, committee representation and regulatory support. We maintain communications with our customers through integrated marketing communication campaigns, and our annual user’s conference offers an important opportunity for us and our customers to come together and share ideas about our products, industry happenings and customer needs.

 

Competition

 

We provide a broad spectrum of products and services to customers in the utility industry and compete with a large number of diverse companies in the delivery of these products and services. In many of our markets, there are participants that may be both competitors and partners. We may continue to partner with some of these companies as well as with consulting and system integration companies such as Capgemini, International Business Machines Corporation and Accenture to address energy market needs.

 

Our primary competitors in the North American electricity metering industry are Elster Metering, Landis+Gyr AG and General Electric Company. These competitors offer a broad range of electricity meters for both residential and C&I use, as well as AMR technology. We believe that competition with these companies is based on total cost of ownership and product innovation, including improvements to the core electricity meters and development of related technologies such as AMR.

 

Within the last few years, Elster Metering, Landis+Gyr AG and General Electric Company have begun offering solid-state residential electricity meters. Sensus Metering Systems, Inc., a newer entrant to the North American electricity meter market, also sells residential solid-state meters. Sensus Metering Systems, Inc. and General Electric Company currently embed our AMR technology in their residential solid-state meters under license.

 

In the AMR market, we compete with a variety of radio-based and power-line-carrier based providers. Our competitors in this market primarily include Actaris Metering Systems, AMCO Water Metering Systems Inc., Badger Meter Inc., Cellnet Technology, Inc., Datamatic, Ltd., Echelon Corporation, ESCO Technologies Inc. (DCSI), Elster Metering, Hexagram, Inc., Hunt Technologies, Inc., Landis + Gyr AG, Roper Industries, Inc. (Neptune Technology Group Holdings, Inc.), Sensus Metering Systems, Inc. and others.

 

We face competition in energy management and asset optimization from a number of companies including Energy Interactive, Inc. (now owned by Power Measurement Ltd), Comverge Inc., ICF Consulting Group (now owned by Nexus Energy Software), LODESTAR Corporation, LogicaCMG, SAP America, Inc. and Siemens Corporation. In the future, in the end-user energy management market, we believe we will face competition from billing and in-home-controls companies and may, in some cases, enter into cooperative relationships to jointly develop and offer solutions to this market. In our distribution design and optimization business, we compete with Cook-Hurlbert Inc., GE Network Products and others. In the utility field workforce automation market, we compete with companies such as Axiom Technologies (now owned by SPL WorldGroup, Inc.), Neptune Technology Group Holdings, Inc., LogicaCMG, M3i, Mobile Data Solutions Inc. (MDSI), Utility Partners, Inc. and Wishbone (now owned by Indus International, Inc.).

 

Product Development

 

We are committed to developing new products and continued enhancement of existing products that target specific market identified values. Our current product development focus is on improvements to existing technology as well as developing next-generation technology for data collection, communications technologies, data warehousing and software applications. In addition, we are developing technology for foreign markets for

 

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both meters and meter data collection. Itron spent approximately $44 million, $42 million and $36 million on product development in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

Manufacturing

 

We manufacture meter modules and other communications technology products, as well as certain peripheral equipment, in our manufacturing facility in Waseca, Minnesota. We currently have the capacity to produce over six million electricity, gas and water meter modules annually; however, capacity for individual products varies throughout the year depending on production mix. We outsource the manufacturing of certain handheld systems and peripheral equipment, as well as low volume AMR products, to contract manufacturers.

 

We manufacture electricity meters in our facility in Oconee, South Carolina. In addition, we have a retrofit center capable of retrofitting most utility-owned meter types available with add-on AMR technology. Our Oconee facility currently has the capacity to produce more than six million units annually. We are in the process of consolidating manufacturing from a facility in Trois-Rivieres, Canada to Oconee, which is largely complete. We also have a facility in Taipei, Taiwan that assembles and tests electromechanical single-phase meters shipped from the Oconee facility to meet the specifications of the Taiwan Power Company.

 

Our Waseca and Oconee facilities are certified to the ISO 9001-2000 standard. We actively pursue continuous improvement using lean manufacturing initiatives such as 5S, visual factory management and continuous improvement teams.

 

Backlog of Orders

 

Hardware Solutions—Meter Data Collection and Software Solutions project sales involve annual or multi-year contracts and are subject to rescheduling and cancellation by customers due to the long-term nature of the contracts. Routine sales include follow-on or add-on orders with existing customers and initial orders with new customers. Hardware Solutions—Electricity Metering typically has long-term non-binding commitments with customers that are fulfilled as purchase orders are released against those commitments. Purchase orders are subject to changes in volumes or time periods.

 

For Meter Data Collection and Software Solutions, bookings for a reported period represent contracts and purchase orders signed during a specified period, except for those related to annual maintenance. Annual maintenance contracts are not included in bookings or backlog. Bookings for Electricity Metering represent purchase orders received during the period.

 

Total backlog represents undelivered contractual and purchase orders, excluding annual maintenance services. Twelve-month backlog represents the portion of total backlog that we estimate will be earned over the next twelve months. Backlog is not a complete measure of our future business as an increasing portion of our business is book-and-ship, and as bookings and backlog can fluctuate significantly due to the timing of large project awards.

 

Information on bookings and backlog is summarized by year as follows:

 

Year Ended


   Bookings

  

Total
Backlog


  

12-Month
Backlog


   Meter Data
Collection


   Electricity
Metering (1)


   Total
Bookings


     
     (in millions)

December 31, 2004

   $ 251    $ 107    $ 358    $ 179    $ 97

December 31, 2003

     213      —        213      145      62

December 31, 2002

     231      —        231      197      100

(1) Bookings for Electricity Metering can also include some component of AMR.

 

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Note that beginning total backlog, plus bookings, less sales revenues will not always equal ending total backlog due to miscellaneous contract adjustments and other factors.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We own or license over 85 U.S., Canadian and foreign patents and have on file 49 U.S and 49 international patent applications. These patents cover a range of technologies related to electricity meter reading, portable handheld computer and AMR related technologies. We also rely on a combination of copyrights and trade secrets to protect our products and technologies. We have registered trademarks for most of our major product lines in the U.S. and many foreign countries. Itron’s registered trademarks include, but are not limited to ITRON®, MV-90®, “KNOWLEDGE TO SHAPE YOUR FUTURE®”, ERT®, CENTRON®, EEM SUITE® and SENTINEL® and our unregistered trademarks include, but are not limited to LD-PRO, SERVICE-LINK, ENDPOINT-LINK and METRIXND.

 

Disputes over the ownership, registration and enforcement of intellectual property rights arise in the ordinary course of our business. Aside from various actions to protect our trademarks from infringement by third parties, we are not currently a party to any material intellectual property litigation. We license some of our technology to other companies, some of whom are our competitors.

 

Regulation and Allocation of Radio Frequencies

 

Certain of our products made for the U.S. market use radio frequencies, which are regulated by the FCC pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended. In general, a radio station license issued by the FCC is required to operate a radio transmitter. The FCC issues these licenses for a fixed term, and the licenses must be periodically renewed. Because of interference constraints, the FCC can generally issue only a limited number of radio station licenses for a particular frequency band in any one area.

 

Although radio licenses generally are required for radio stations, Part 15 of the FCC’s rules permit certain low-power radio devices (Part 15 devices) to operate on an unlicensed basis. Part 15 devices are designed for use on frequencies used by others. These other users may include licensed users, which have priority over Part 15 users. Part 15 devices are not permitted to cause harmful interference to licensed users and must be designed to accept interference from licensed radio devices. Most of our ERT modules and AMR equipped residential solid-state meters are Part 15 devices that transmit information back to either handheld, mobile or fixed network AMR reading devices in the 910-920 MHz band pursuant to these rules.

 

On May 24, 2002, the FCC adopted service rules governing the use of the 1427-1432 MHz band. We use this band in connection with various devices in our network solutions. Itron was originally granted a nationwide license during 1994 to operate in the band. Among other things, the new rules reserve the upper 2.5 MHz of the band for general telemetry, including utility telemetry, and provide that nonexclusive licenses will be issued in accordance with Part 90 rules and the recommendations of frequency coordinators. Telemetry licensees must comply with power limits and out-of-band emission requirements that are designed to avoid interference with the use of the lower part of the band by hospitals. Although the FCC will issue licenses on a nonexclusive basis and it is possible that the demand for spectrum will exceed supply, we believe that we will continue to have access to sufficient spectrum in the 1429.5-1432 MHz band under favorable conditions.

 

In foreign jurisdictions where we conduct business, certain of our products also require the use of radio frequencies which are regulated by the foreign equivalent of the FCC. In those jurisdictions radio station licenses are generally required to operate a radio transmitter and such licenses may be for a fixed term and must be periodically renewed. In some jurisdictions, the rules permit certain low power devices to operate on an unlicensed basis. Most of our ERT modules and AMR equipped residential solid-state meters are devices that transmit information back to either handheld, mobile or fixed network AMR reading devices in unlicensed bands pursuant to rules regulating such use. In either case, although the availability of unlicensed bands or radio station

 

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licenses for a particular frequency band in a foreign jurisdiction may be limited, we believe that we will continue to have access to sufficient spectrum under favorable conditions.

 

Environmental Regulations

 

In the ordinary course of our business, like that of other companies engaged in similar businesses, we use metals, solvents and similar materials that are stored on-site. The waste created by use of these materials is transported off-site on a regular basis by an unaffiliated waste hauler and is processed by an unaffiliated contractor or vendor. Itron has made a concerted effort to reduce or eliminate the use of mercury and other hazardous materials in our products. We believe we are in compliance with federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture and disposal of, or exposure to, toxic or other hazardous substances. Our Waseca facility has been certified to the ISO 14001 Environmental Standard. Two Environmental Protection Agency reports issued in 1992 and 1997 identified several solid waste management units and areas of concern at our Oconee, South Carolina manufacturing facility. In addition, trichloroethylene, or TCE, soil and groundwater contamination exists at the Oconee facility from a TCE storage tank that was removed in 1994. Schlumberger (and various related parties), from whom we purchased our electricity metering operations entered into a consent agreement with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control regarding certain related environmental remedial activities. Under the terms of the electricity metering acquisition, Schlumberger is retaining all liability for these matters, has commenced remediation and will perform any additional required remediation.

 

Employees

 

At December 31, 2004, Itron employed approximately 2,100 full-time regular and contract manufacturing persons, of which 46% were in manufacturing, 22% in product development, 12% in sales and marketing, 9% in service and support and the balance of 11% in general and administrative support functions. Of these employees, approximately 93% were located in the U.S. None of our U.S. employees are represented by a labor union. We have not experienced any work stoppages and consider our employee relations to be good.

 

Risks Relating to Our Business

 

We are dependent on the utility industry, which has experienced volatility in capital spending.

 

We derive the majority of our revenues from sales of products and services to the utility industry. Purchases of our products may be deferred as a result of many factors including mergers and acquisitions, regulatory decisions, weather conditions, rising interest rates, utility specific financial situations and general economic downturns. We have experienced and may in the future experience variability in operating results, on both an annual and a quarterly basis as a result of these factors.

 

Utility industry sales cycles can be lengthy and unpredictable.

 

Sales cycles with customers in the utility industry, both domestic and foreign, are generally long and unpredictable due to customers’ budgeting, purchasing and regulatory processes that can take up to several years to complete. Our utility customers typically issue requests for quotes and proposals, establish evaluation committees, review different technical options with vendors, analyze performance and cost/benefit justifications and perform a regulatory review, in addition to applying the normal budget approval process within a utility.

 

Our quarterly results may fluctuate substantially.

 

In-process research and development (IPR&D) and intangible asset amortization expenses related to acquisitions contributed to our net loss in 2004. While Itron was profitable in fiscal years 2003 and 2002, we have

 

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experienced operating losses in some quarters during those periods and in prior periods. We may be unable to maintain consistent profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. We have experienced variability of quarterly results and believe our quarterly results will continue to fluctuate as a result of many factors, including costs related to acquisitions, including IPR&D and intangible amortization expenses, legal activity, unexpected warranty liabilities, restructuring charges, size and timing of significant customer orders, FCC or other governmental actions, the gain or loss of significant customers, timing and levels of new product developments, shifts in product or sales channel mix, increased competition and pricing pressure and general economic conditions affecting enterprise spending for the utility industry.

 

A significant portion of our revenues are generated from a limited number of customers.

 

Historically, our revenues have been concentrated with a limited number of customers, which change over time. The top ten customers in each year accounted for 30%, 35% and 40% of revenues for the years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. No customer represented more than 10% of total company revenues in 2004 or 2003. However, several affiliated companies that are part of National Grid USA represented approximately 12% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002. From time to time, we are dependent on large, multi-year contracts that are subject to cancellation or rescheduling by our customers. Cancellation or postponement of one or more of these significant contracts could have a material adverse effect on us. For example, in 2003, we had a large electric utility reschedule approximately $8 million of shipments booked for 2003 to 2004 due to the utility’s need to divert capital spending in order to rebuild critical infrastructure as a result of damage caused by extreme, unexpected weather conditions or possible acts of terrorism. In addition, if a large customer contract is not replaced upon its expiration with a new large contract, our business could be negatively affected.

 

Our acquisitions of and investments in third parties carry risks.

 

We have acquired five companies since December 31, 2001 and have recorded acquisition investments of approximately $253 million in 2004, $71 million in 2003 and $43 million in 2002. Acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks such as the diversion of senior management’s attention, unsuccessful integration of the acquired entity’s personnel, operations, technologies and products, lack of market acceptance of new services and technologies, or a shift in industry dynamics that negatively impacts the forecasted demand for the new products. Impairment of an investment or goodwill and intangible assets may result if these risks materialize. There can be no assurances that an acquired business will perform as expected, accomplish our strategic objective or generate significant revenues, profits or cash flows. In addition, acquisitions and investments in third parties may involve the assumption of obligations or significant one-time write-offs. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2004, we incurred $6.4 million of IPR&D expense associated with our electricity metering acquisition and in the fourth quarter of 2003, we incurred pre-tax charges totaling $2.4 million for the write-off of a minority interest investment in one company and the impairment of our minority interest investment in another company due to changes in the business conditions of those companies. In order to finance any future acquisitions, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financings.

 

We depend on our ability to develop new products.

 

We have made, and expect to continue to make, substantial investments in technology development. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to design and manufacture new competitive products and to enhance and sustain our existing products. This product development will require continued investment in order to maintain our market position. We may experience unforeseen problems in the development or performance of our technologies or products. In addition, we may not meet our product development schedules. Finally, we may not achieve market acceptance of our new products and solutions.

 

We are facing increasing competition.

 

We face competitive pressures from a variety of companies in each of the markets we serve. Some of our present and potential future competitors have or may have substantially greater financial, marketing, technical or

 

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manufacturing resources, and in some cases, greater name recognition and experience than we have. Some competitors may enter markets we serve and sell products at low prices in order to obtain market share. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. They may also be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products and services than we can. Current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that enhance their ability to address the needs of our prospective customers. It is possible that new competitors or alliances among current and new competitors may emerge and rapidly gain significant market share. In connection with our electricity metering acquisition and as an accommodation to concerns raised by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regarding competition, we completed an agreement with Hunt Technologies, Inc. another AMR vendor, to license some of our electric meter module technology and certain other technology. Also to accommodate the FTC, we assigned to Neptune Technology Group Holdings, Inc. certain provisions of a 1995 license to make devices capable of receiving and reading transmissions from R-300 and electric ERTs. The licenses are fully paid and expire when the last of the licensed patents expire in 2006. We cannot be certain that these agreements will not materially affect our future sales growth at some point. Other companies may also produce products that are equal or superior to our products, which could reduce our market share, reduce our overall sales and require us to invest additional funds in new technology development. If we cannot compete successfully against current or future competitors, this will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

 

We are affected by availability and regulation of radio spectrum.

 

A significant number of our products use radio spectrum and in the U.S. are subject to regulation by the FCC. Licenses for radio frequencies must be obtained and periodically renewed. Licenses granted to us or our customers may not be renewed on acceptable terms, if at all. The FCC may adopt changes to the rules for our licensed and unlicensed frequency bands that are incompatible with our business. In the past, the FCC has adopted changes to the requirements for equipment using radio spectrum, and it is possible that the FCC or Congress will adopt additional changes.

 

We have committed, and will continue to commit, significant resources to the development of products that use particular radio frequencies. Action by the FCC could require modifications to our products. If we are unable to modify our products to meet such requirements, we could experience delays in completing such modifications, or the cost of such modifications could have a material adverse effect on our future financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our radio-based products currently employ both licensed and unlicensed radio frequencies. There must be sufficient radio spectrum allocated by the FCC for our intended uses. As to the licensed frequencies, there is some risk that there may be insufficient available frequencies in some markets to sustain our planned operations. The unlicensed frequencies are available for a wide variety of uses and are not entitled to protection from interference by other users. The unlicensed frequencies are also frequently the subject of proposals to the FCC requesting a change in the rules under which such frequencies may be used. If the unlicensed frequencies become unacceptably crowded or restrictive or subject to changed rules governing their use, and no additional frequencies are allocated, our business could be materially adversely affected.

 

We are also subject to regulatory requirements in foreign markets that vary by country. In those jurisdictions radio station licenses are generally required to operate a radio transmitter and such licenses may be for a fixed term and must be periodically renewed. In some jurisdictions, the rules permit certain low power devices to operate on an unlicensed basis. Most of our ERT modules and AMR equipped residential solid-state meters are devices that transmit information back to either handheld, mobile or fixed network AMR reading devices in unlicensed bands pursuant to rules regulating such use. To the extent we wish to introduce products designed for use in the U.S. or another country into a new market, such products may require significant modification or redesign in order to meet frequency requirements and other regulatory specifications. Further, in some countries, limitations on frequency availability or the cost of making necessary modifications may preclude us from selling our products in those countries.

 

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We may face liability associated with the use of products for which patent ownership or other intellectual property rights are claimed.

 

We may be subject to claims or inquiries regarding alleged unauthorized use of a third party’s intellectual property. An adverse outcome in any intellectual property litigation could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to license technology or other intellectual property rights from others, require us to comply with injunctions to cease marketing or using certain products or brands, or require us to redesign, reengineer, or rebrand certain products or packaging, any of which could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are required to seek licenses under patents or other intellectual property rights of others, we may not be able to acquire these licenses on acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, the cost of responding to an intellectual property infringement claim, in terms of legal fees and expenses and the diversion of management resources, whether or not the claim is valid, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

If our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others, we may be required to indemnify our customers for any damages they suffer. We generally indemnify our customers with respect to infringement by our products of the proprietary rights of third parties. Third parties my assert infringement claims against our customers. These claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of our customers, regardless of the merits of these claims. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of our customers or may be required to obtain licenses for the products they use. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our customers may be forced to stop using our products.

 

We may be unable to adequately protect our intellectual property.

 

While we believe that our patents, trademarks and other intellectual property have significant value, it is uncertain that this intellectual property, or any intellectual property acquired or developed by us in the future, will provide meaningful competitive advantages. There can be no assurance that our patents or pending applications will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by competitors or that rights granted thereunder will provide meaningful proprietary protection. Moreover, competitors may infringe our patents or successfully avoid them through design innovation. To combat infringement or unauthorized use, we may need to commence litigation, which can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding a court may decide that a patent or other intellectual property right of ours is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology or other intellectual property right at issue on the ground that it is non-infringing. Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and expensive, and we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to, or have the resources to, prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect such rights as fully as do the laws of the U.S.

 

We may face warranty exposure that exceeds our recorded liability.

 

We provide product warranties for varying lengths of time. In anticipation of warranty expenses, we establish allowances for the estimated liability associated with product warranties and product-failure related costs. However, these warranty and related product-failure allowances may be inadequate due to changes in various estimates for material, labor and other costs we may incur to replace projected product failures, and we may incur additional warranty and related expenses in the future with respect to new or established products. For example, in 2004 and 2003, we incurred approximately $2.6 million and $12.3 million, respectively, of warranty expense that had not previously been accrued for, for a specific product failure that resulted from a defective component provided by a supplier.

 

Our key manufacturing facilities are concentrated.

 

A substantial portion of our revenues are derived from the sale of electricity meters, which we manufacture in our facility in Oconee, South Carolina, and from the sale of AMR meter modules, which we manufacture in our

 

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facility in Waseca, Minnesota. In the event of a significant interruption in production at either of our manufacturing facilities, considerable time and effort could be required to establish alternative production lines, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. We are developing disaster recovery plans that would enable us to move production from one of our facilities to the other in the event of a disaster.

 

A number of key personnel are critical to the success of our business.

 

Our success depends in large part on the efforts of our highly qualified technical and management personnel in all disciplines. The loss of one or more of these personnel and the inability to attract and retain qualified replacements could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We depend on certain key vendors.

 

Certain of our products, subassemblies and system components are procured from limited sources. Our reliance on such limited sources involves certain risks, including the possibility of shortages and reduced control over delivery schedules, manufacturing capability, quality and costs. In addition, we depend on one contract manufacturing vendor for a large portion of our low-volume manufacturing business and all of our repair services for our domestic handheld meter reading units. If that vendor should become unable to perform its responsibilities, our operations could be materially disrupted.

 

We are subject to international business uncertainties.

 

We conduct operations outside the U.S. International sales and operations may be subject to risks such as the imposition of government controls, political instability, restrictions on the import or export of critical technology, currency exchange rate fluctuations, adverse tax burdens, availability of qualified third-party financing, generally longer collection periods, trade restrictions, changes in tariffs, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, potential insolvency of international dealers, burdens of complying with different permitting standards and a wide variety of foreign laws and obstacles to the repatriation of earnings and cash. Fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar impact our ability to compete with international competitors. International expansion and market acceptance depend on our ability to modify our technology to take into account such factors as the applicable regulatory and business environment, labor costs and other economic conditions. In addition, the laws of certain countries do not protect our products or technology to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S. There can be no assurance that these factors will not have a material adverse effect on our future international sales and, consequently, on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We are subject to regulatory compliance.

 

We are subject to various governmental regulations including those related to occupational safety and health, labor and wage practices and regulations regarding the performance of certain engineering services. Failure to comply with current or future regulations could result in the imposition of substantial fines, suspension of production, alteration of our production processes, cessation of operations or other actions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We may incur liability arising from the use of hazardous materials.

 

Our business and our facilities are subject to a number of federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances governing, among other things, the storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture, disposal, remediation of, or exposure to toxic or other hazardous substances and certain waste products. Many of these environmental laws and regulations subject current or previous owners or operators of land to liability for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous materials. In addition, these laws and regulations typically impose liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the

 

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presence of any hazardous materials and regardless of whether the actions that led to the presence were taken in compliance with the law. In the ordinary course of our business, like that of other companies engaged in similar businesses, we use metals, solvents and similar materials, which are stored on site. The waste created by use of these materials is transported off-site on a regular basis by unaffiliated waste haulers. Many environmental laws and regulations require generators of waste to take remedial actions at the off-site disposal location even if the disposal was conducted in compliance with the law. The requirements of these laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and could become more stringent in the future. Failure to comply with current or future environmental regulations could result in the imposition of substantial fines, suspension of production, alteration of our production processes, cessation of operations or other actions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that a claim, investigation or liability will not arise with respect to these activities, or that the cost of complying with governmental regulations in the future, will not have a material adverse effect on us.

 

With respect to our Oconee, South Carolina facility, certain environmental remedial activities are required pursuant to a consent agreement between Schlumberger (and various related parties), from whom we purchased our electricity metering operations in July 2004, and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. The consent agreement requires Schlumberger to investigate and remediate groundwater contamination and all releases of any hazardous waste or hazardous constituents that present an actual or potential threat to human health and the environment. Under the terms of our electricity metering acquisition, Schlumberger agreed to complete all remedial obligations associated with the consent agreement, and agreed to indemnify us for all costs incurred as a result of any releases and generation or transportation of hazardous materials prior to the acquisition. Although we expect Schlumberger to comply with the terms of the consent agreement and the acquisition, there is a risk that such remediation will interfere with our future use of the Oconee property, or if Schlumberger did not comply, the remediation responsibility would transfer to us.

 

Our senior credit facility and the indenture related to our Senior Subordinated Notes limit our ability and the ability of most of our subsidiaries to take certain actions.

 

Our senior credit facility and our senior subordinated notes will, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of most of our subsidiaries to, among other things:

 

    incur more debt;
    pay dividends and make distributions;
    make certain investments;
    redeem or repurchase capital stock;
    create liens;
    enter into transactions with affiliates;
    enter into sale lease-back transactions;
    merge or consolidate; and
    transfer or sell assets.

 

Our senior credit facility also contains other customary covenants, including requiring us to meet specified financial ratios and financial tests. Our ability to borrow under our senior credit facility will depend on satisfaction of these covenants. Events beyond our control can affect our ability to meet those covenants.

 

Our failure to comply with obligations under the indenture or the senior credit facility may result in declaration of an event of default. An event of default, if not cured or waived, may permit acceleration of indebtedness. We cannot be certain that we be able to remedy any such defaults. If our indebtedness is accelerated, we cannot be certain that we will have sufficient funds available to pay the accelerated indebtedness or that we will have the ability to borrow sufficient funds to replace the indebtedness so accelerated on terms favorable to us or at all.

 

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Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our senior credit facility and indenture relating to our Senior Subordinated Notes.

 

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. At December 31, 2004, we had total indebtedness of $278.2 million. Our substantial indebtedness could have important consequences, such as:

 

    Make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our senior credit facility and indenture;

 

    Increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

    Require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, research and development efforts and other general corporate purposes;

 

    Limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;

 

    Place us at a competitive disadvantage compared with our competitors that have less debt; and

 

    Limit our ability to borrow additional funds.

 

To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

 

Our abil