UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 000-51032
HouseValues, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Washington | 91-1982679 | |
| (State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
11332 NE 122nd Way Kirkland, WA 98034
(Address of Registrants Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
425-952-5500
(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, $.001 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of February 23, 2005, there were outstanding 25,050,346 shares of the registrants common stock, $.001 par value, which is the only class of common stock of the registrant.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Information called for in Part III (Items 10-14) is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company to be held June 9, 2005.
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This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements based on expectations, estimates and projections as of the date of this filing. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These risks and other important factors are discussed under the heading Factors that May Affect Our Business, Financial Condition and Future Results in Item 7 below.
Overview
We provide an innovative service that enables residential real estate professionals to capture, cultivate and convert leads into closed transactions. We provide our agent customers with a guaranteed number of exclusive leads, with Market Leader, our web based CRM tool, and with a personal coach responsible for helping them succeed. For this bundled service, agents pay us a fixed monthly fee that ranges from $99 to $1,200 per month. The price of each bundle is based on the demographics of the neighborhood as well as the number of leads that we guarantee to the customer.
The exclusive leads that we provide to our agent customers come in the form of consumer requests. We generate these consumer requests via our two consumer facing web sites, HouseValues.com which targets home sellers, and JustListed.com which targets home buyers. To generate these requests, we focus on delivering the two things most valued by real estate consumers:
| | For home sellers, thats a personalized valuation of their home performed by a licensed real estate agent that specializes in their neighborhood. |
| | For home buyers, its new home listings that match their personal criteria, delivered as soon as those homes hit the market. |
As a result of the popularity of both of these services as well as our extensive direct response marketing expertise we now service requests from hundreds of thousands of new consumers every month.
We were founded in May 1999 and launched our service for home sellers in September 1999. In January 2004 we began offering agent customers our JustListed service, which provides leads on prospective home buyers.
On December 9, 2004, we completed our initial public offering and our stock commenced trading on December 10, 2004. We sold 4,166,667 shares of common stock and selling shareholders sold 2,083,333 shares at $15.00 per share. We received net proceeds of approximately $58.1 million (after underwriters discounts of $4.4 million). We incurred expenses of approximately $2.0 million related to the initial public offering.
We generated revenues of $25.1 million in 2003 and $47.7 million in 2004. We have been profitable and cash flow positive since the end of 2001. As of December 31, 2004, we had approximately 11,000 customers of our core products.
The Companys reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act) are available free of charge under the Investor Relations section of our website at www.housevaluesinc.com as soon as practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information contained on HouseValues web site is not being incorporated herein. In addition, our filings are available at the SECs website (www.sec.gov) and at the SECs Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549, or by calling 1-800-SEC-0330.
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Industry Background
The Residential Real Estate Industry
According to the National Association of Realtors, aggregate real estate sales in the United States were more than $1.2 trillion in 2003 and 2004. According to REAL Trends, a real estate industry research firm, total residential real estate brokerage commissions and fees were approximately $60 billion in 2003. In a transaction for a house valued at $187,500 (the median home price in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2004, according to the National Association of Realtors), the overall commission would be $9,375, assuming a 5% commission. Because of the large dollar size of typical real estate commissions, prospective home buyers and sellers are valuable to real estate agents, and as a result agents have demonstrated a willingness to invest heavily in advertising and marketing to generate clients. According to Borrell Associates, a media research firm, the real estate industry spent over $11 billion on advertising in 2004.
The Role of the Real Estate Agent
Home purchases and sales are among the largest and most important investment decisions made by an individual. These transactions require the involvement of multiple parties, such as home inspectors, mortgage brokers, title companies and escrow agents, and involve an extensive amount of documentation. Real estate professionals provide valuable, hands-on assistance by coordinating the numerous components of a transaction. In the typical residential real estate transaction, agents serve as the principal intermediary between the home buyer and seller.
For potential buyers, agents typically provide the following services:
| | access to home listing data from multiple listing services, or MLSs, to help buyers find homes available for sale that match their specified criteria; |
| | advice on the physical attributes of homes, as well as advice on intangible aspects such as neighborhood characteristics and resale value; |
| | coordination of the actual viewing of the home by potential buyers; and |
| | assistance in the negotiation and closing of the purchase transaction. |
For potential sellers, agents typically provide the following services:
| | guidance on the market value of their home, including comparative market analyses; |
| | listing of the property for sale in the local MLS; |
| | coordination of the marketing of the home; and |
| | assistance in the negotiation and closing of the sale transaction. |
Although a buyer or seller might engage in a real estate transaction within weeks or even days after hiring an agent, the entire sales cycle for a transaction usually is considerably longer. According to a 2004 survey we commissioned from Hebert Research, a market research firm, potential home buyers on average take 16 months to buy a home from the time they begin contemplating a purchase, and potential home sellers on average take twelve months to sell their home from the time they begin contemplating a sale. Despite this long sales cycle, buyers and sellers tend to select agents quickly. According to a 2003 study by the National Association of Realtors, approximately 69% of home sellers selected the first agent they contacted. In addition, according to Hebert Research, approximately 62% of buyers select an agent within just one to three days of deciding to actively seek to buy a home, and approximately 52% of sellers select an agent within one day of deciding to actively seek to sell their home.
Challenges Faced by Real Estate Professionals
Competitive and Fragmented Industry
The residential real estate industry is intensely competitive. According to a study by the National Association of Realtors, real estate agents in the United States competed for nearly 7 million total closed
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residential real estate transactions in 2004. In addition, the residential real estate industry is extremely fragmented. Most real estate agents in the United States work as independent contractors affiliated with local or regional brokerage firms. As a result, agents typically are responsible for attracting and servicing their own clients. Although brokerage firms provide a base level of training, brand advertising and administrative support for their agents, most agents spend their own money developing their business and competing for clients.
Inefficient Lead Generation
Although real estate professionals make significant expenditures on advertising and marketing, it is difficult for most agents to differentiate themselves in the neighborhoods in which they work. Agents tend to use nearly identical sales and marketing methods, such as word-of-mouth, open houses and various forms of print advertising, including postcards, flyers and newspaper advertisements. Although other media, such as television, radio and the Internet, can be more effective in generating potential clients, they tend to be inefficient for individual agents, because the advertisements are broadcast in larger geographic areas than the agent typically is willing or able to service.
Ineffective Prospect Management
According to the 2003 Member Profile of the National Association of Realtors, 84% of residential real estate agents have not had prior sales or marketing experience prior to becoming agents. We believe that the limited sales training that real estate agents receive typically encourages a short-term prospect management approach, with agents focusing on mature leads that are more likely to result in a transaction within 30 to 60 days. In the past, this short-term approach was reinforced by a lack of effective methods to identify leads in the early stages of the process. We believe that this short-term approach has resulted in many agents having difficulty building a steady pipeline of business and, as a result, experiencing significant fluctuations in closed transactions and commission income.
The Impact of the Internet on the Real Estate Industry
The Internet makes an unprecedented amount of home information readily available to consumers, including lists of homes on the market and comparative market data on home values. The Internet also permits consumers to conduct highly targeted searches for homes by entering specific search parameters, such as neighborhood, square footage and number of bedrooms or bathrooms, and enables people to view photographs of home interiors and conduct online walkthrough tours. Accordingly, a great number of potential buyers and sellers are using the Internet in the early stages of their home buying or selling process. According to the National Association of Realtors, more than 70% of home buyers used the Internet in their home search in 2003, compared to approximately 41% in 2001.
The large number of consumers who use the Internet to conduct research relating to the purchase or sale of a home represents an attractive pool of prospective clients for real estate agents, and the interactive and targeted nature of the Internet makes it possible to reach and communicate with these prospective clients in an efficient manner.
Real estate professionals have begun to recognize the potential of the Internet to reach and cultivate prospective clients. Nonetheless, many agents have yet to realize the full potential of the Internet to generate and cultivate leads. According to Borrell Associates, only 10% of the advertising dollars spent in the real estate industry in 2004 was dedicated to online advertising, an increase from approximately 8% in 2003. Although many real estate agents have adopted the Internet and email as standard business practices, we believe that most agents lack online prospect management systems that allow them to efficiently reach and manage relationships with potential clients who use the Internet. In addition, because many agents have adopted a short-term approach to the real estate buying and selling cycle, they may miss the opportunity to develop client relationships with consumers who are using the Internet to research real estate transactions at an earlier stage in the process.
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The HouseValues Advantage
We provide an innovative service offering that enables residential real estate professionals to capture, cultivate and convert leads into closed transactions.
Benefits for Real Estate Professionals
Capture leads. We help agents attract new clients by providing them with leads on prospective home buyers and sellers in the geographic areas that they service. We provide each lead to only one agent customer and we guarantee our agent customers an average number of leads per month for a fixed monthly fee. Because these leads are often from consumers who are at an early stage in the real estate transaction process, our customers often are the first real estate agents these consumers interact with in the process. We believe this provides our customers with a potentially significant competitive advantage over other agents servicing the same geographic areas. This advantage is particularly important given that approximately 69% of home sellers select the first agent they contact for the transaction, according to a 2003 study by the National Association of Realtors.
Cultivate leads. Our Market Leader prospect management system assists our customers in building a pipeline of business by helping them organize, manage and communicate online with prospective home buyers and sellers in a highly automated fashion tailored for each prospect. Market Leader allows agent customers to build long-term relationships with prospective clients by automating ongoing communication. The system sends agent-branded prospect follow-up emails that include custom-written real estate content designed to engage the prospective clients.
Convert leads. We provide agent customers with personalized coaching and training to help them better serve their prospective clients and increase the likelihood that they will convert their leads into commissions. Our coaching and training are a core part of our offering because they help our customers develop marketing, selling and client relationship-building skills while also helping them gain expertise with our Market Leader prospect management system.
Benefits for Consumers
Our HouseValues.com service offers home sellers free estimates of their homes current market value. This information helps them make an informed decision about market conditions and valuation before choosing to list their homes for sale. Our JustListed.com service offers prospective home buyers a free service that emails them listings on homes that meet their buying criteria. This information keeps them informed regarding newly listed homes and improves their ability to find a home that is right for them. Additionally, our offering benefits both home buyers and sellers by introducing them to real estate agents who service their neighborhoods and are interested in meeting their real estate needs.
Competitive Strengths
Proven agent acquisition model. Over the past five years, we have developed a sales force of more than 100 people who have expertise in identifying, qualifying and acquiring agent customers. While our agent customers represent every major real estate franchise brand and brokerage company, they like almost all agents operate independently particularly in regard to how they spend their marketing dollars. This is important because we believe there are no natural channels or shortcuts to building relationships with real estate agents. As a result, we believe that companies targeting the $11 billion that is spent on marketing need to literally build relationships one at a time. Our proven agent acquisition model has enabled us to successfully build relationships with approximately 11,000 customers of our core services as of December 31, 2004, up 125% from December 31, 2003. In total, we have nearly 12,500 customers as of December 31, 2004, including our Core Customers and customers of our other tools and services.
Proven Agent Success Program. We provide our Market Leader prospect management system to agent customers to help them improve their ability to convert leads into closed transactions. Our Market Leader system
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is integrated with, and supported by, our Agent Success Program, which includes personalized coaching and training, designed to help real estate agents close more transactions. We provide this set of integrated services through a staff of 50 coaches, trainers and other customer service professionals who possess real estate industry expertise as well as in-depth knowledge of our service offering. During 2004, we conducted 118 in-market training seminars. We continuously improve and refine our service offering, based on quantitative and qualitative feedback from our coaches and agent customers. In addition, we offer online discussion boards and telephonic conference calls for agent customers to network with each other and share best practices, thereby improving their ability to derive value from our services.
Technology advantage. Over the past five years we have built a proprietary, feature-rich set of systems to generate and distribute leads, deliver our suite of services to real estate agents and manage our business. From complex neighborhood-specific lead distribution algorithms to real-time reports for our sales personnel relating to inventory availability and agent inquiries, we believe our systems provide us with a competitive advantage.
Complementary offering. Our service offering benefits agents without altering their relationship with brokerage firms, national real estate franchisors or other real estate industry participants. Because we offer our leads on an exclusive basis for a fixed monthly fee and do not participate in commissions from closed transactions, we believe that our service offering is well received by agents, brokerage firms and the rest of the real estate industry.
Strategy for Growth
Our objective is to be the leading provider of services that enable residential real estate professionals to capture and cultivate leads, and convert these leads into closed transactions. In doing so, we will seek to acquire an increasing share of real estate industry advertising expenditures, as these expenditures continue to migrate online. To achieve this goal, we are pursuing the following key strategies:
Aggressively expand our core business. We intend to increase our share of the marketing dollars spent by real estate professionals. The key driver of our growth is our increasing customer base. We intend to increase the number of residential real estate professionals who use our existing services by continuing to make investments in our sales force and direct response marketing efforts.
Improve the functionality and effectiveness of our services to further capture agent online marketing expenditures. To increase retention of agent customers, as well as attract new customers, we intend to enhance our existing services, including our Market Leader system and our coaching and training services. We intend to capture an increasing share of agents online advertising expenditures by expanding our portfolio of services beyond our HouseValues and JustListed services with additional value-added services for both agents and consumers.
Deepen relationships with consumers in a profitable, long-term fashion. We must continue to enhance our agent customers ability to exceed the expectations of consumers. Our services are successful when we enable real estate professionals to efficiently build a long term relationship with consumers. We will continue to identify the needs of real estate consumers, and build out features and services that enable our customers to respond to those needs while exceeding consumer expectations. And, because we monetize consumer requests more effectively than others in the space, we believe that we will be able to continue to create the services that consumers value most.
Investigate new business opportunities. We intend to explore ways to extend our services into industries in which we can leverage our existing platform and business model. We believe we can leverage our proprietary lead capture, cultivation and conversion methods in a number of real estate and non-real estate related industries. We may pursue such opportunities through acquisitions or through internal expansion of our business. We believe our service offering is particularly well suited to small businesses competing in highly fragmented industries.
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Services
We provide an integrated service offering for residential real estate agents that combines leads generated from our HouseValues.com and JustListed.com web sites with our Market Leader prospect management system and personalized coaching and training. We believe that successful real estate agents typically have systems and processes in place for developing leads as well as maintaining and expanding their businesses. In addition, we believe that the value of the leads generated through HouseValues.com and JustListed.com is enhanced when combined with our integrated offering that helps agents convert these leads into closed transactions.
We provide our service offering to agent customers for a monthly fixed fee pursuant to contracts, most of which have an initial term of one year, continuing thereafter on a month-to-month basis until terminated. Our contracts typically provide for the delivery of a specified number of leads to each customer, a license to use our Market Leader system and coaching and training services.
Lead Capture HouseValues.com and JustListed.com
Our HouseValues and JustListed services are designed to serve the needs of Internet-enabled consumers seeking to buy or sell a home.
HouseValues.com. HouseValues.com offers homeowners a free estimate of their homes current market value and suggested listing price. Homeowners enter information about their home on a short online form on the HouseValues.com web site. We automatically match this information with an agent customer, who is then able to provide the homeowner with a free comparative market analysis containing an estimate of the value of the home.
JustListed.com. JustListed.com offers a free service for prospective home buyers that emails them listings on homes that meet their buying criteria. Prospective home buyers use our JustListed.com web site to specify the criteria they are seeking in a home. We automatically match this information with an agent customer, who is then able to email the prospective home buyer new home listings when such listings reach the market.
We use direct-response advertising, including television and Internet media, to drive prospective home buyers and sellers to our HouseValues.com and JustListed.com web sites. We regularly advertise on national television networks and major Internet search engines and other web sites, and supplement this advertising with
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local television advertising and other media to help manage lead volume. We adjust our advertising to generate leads in specific geographic markets based on existing lead inventory, our commitments to deliver leads in those markets, current advertising costs and other factors.
We deliver a guaranteed minimum number of leads to agent customers on an exclusive basis in the geographic areas they choose to service. Agents can purchase the HouseValues service, the JustListed service, or both services. Agents can increase the geographic coverage or quantity of their leads by purchasing multiple HouseValues or JustListed services.
In addition, we regularly generate more leads in the aggregate than we are committed to deliver to agent customers. Without compromising our lead exclusivity or quantity commitments to our customers or incurring additional lead generation costs, we have initiated our BrokerSelect program that capitalizes on these surplus leads by selling them in quantity to brokerage firms who are interested in servicing the needs of these prospective home buyers and sellers through their agent network.
Lead Cultivation Market Leader
Market Leader is an online prospect management system that helps agent customers manage and cultivate leads. By automating many of the repetitive tasks that are required to follow up and communicate with potential clients, Market Leader allows agent customers to focus on transacting their current business while efficiently marketing their services to potential clients to maintain a pipeline of future business opportunities.
Prospect management. Market Leader enables agent customers to track leads received from the HouseValues or JustListed services, or other sources such as their own web sites. We encourage agent customers to incorporate all of their client contacts into Market Leader to effectively manage their entire pipeline of business. Agents can then categorize leads based on various characteristics, such as the date the lead was generated or the prospects level of expressed interest in buying or selling a home.
Activity management. Market Leader helps agent customers organize their day-to-day business and maintain contact with their entire database of prospects and past clients by automatically prompting agents to follow up with them using emails, phone call scripts and newsletters containing custom content. Agents can use Market Leader to conduct drip campaigns, which automatically and on a pre-determined schedule send agent-branded, tailored emails to prospective and existing clients. In addition, Market Leader allows agents to send agent-branded emails to prospective buyers alerting them to newly listed homes.
Quantitative feedback. Market Leader tracks the sales pipeline, homes listed, completed transactions and potential and actual commissions for agent customers. It also tracks response times by agents to HouseValues and JustListed leads. Market Leader displays this information in a sidebar on the agent customers individual account page so that the agent can routinely track his or her success.
Lead Conversion Agent Success Program
We provide agent customers with personalized coaching and training, as well as access to a national network of other real estate agents, to help them realize the full value of our service offering. This Agent Success Program provides us with ongoing opportunities to interact directly with our agent customers. We believe the program helps agent customers be more successful in cultivating the leads we provide and generating business, increasing the likelihood that they will remain customers.
Personalized Coaching
A key component of our Agent Success Program is personalized coaching. We assign a personal coach to each new agent customer. Our coaching team has expertise in the real estate industry, from managing real estate offices to running training departments for large brokerage firms. These coaches provide the following services:
Life-cycle based coaching. Shortly after agents first sign up for our services, our coaches have an initial one-on-one telephone coaching session with them to welcome them to HouseValues, walk them through an overview
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of our lead generation and cultivation system and discuss their client development goals. Our coaches then check in with their assigned agent customers on a regular basis to review performance, offer assistance and practical tips and answer questions.
Market-specific coaching calls. Every month, our coaches host group coaching calls for agent customers in various regional markets to address both geographically relevant real estate trends and issues as well as client development topics. These calls are designed to bring agents together and allow them to network with other agent customers in their market.
Activity-based coaching. Our activity-based coaching system automatically measures the success of each agent customer in cultivating the leads that we provide and identifies those agent customers that may need additional assistance. If our activity-based coaching system identifies a potential issue involving an agent customer, his or her coach seeks to contact the agent customer to develop a success plan.
Training opportunities
We believe that the training opportunities we offer our agent customers increase the likelihood that they will convert their leads into commissions. A variety of programs help our customers develop marketing, selling and client relationship-building skills.
In-Market Training Seminars. We conduct in-market seminars for agent customers in cities across the United States. During 2004, we conducted 118 in-market training seminars. Our trainers travel to various markets to host full-day seminars on real estate-related topics. Our seminars are designed to educate agents on industry trends, inform them of the value of adopting a long-term strategy that cultivates a larger number of earlier-stage leads, and instruct them on how to use our services to increase their success in both cultivating leads and developing their business.
MasterMind Success Calls. We periodically host conference calls which feature agent customers who are successfully using our services. We conduct interviews with these agent customers and company executives and allow participating agents to ask questions.
Online Learning Center. Through our Online Learning Center, agent customers have access to online tutorials 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. These tutorials provide instruction on how to apply various methods and practices using Market Leader. In addition, our agents have online access to our HouseValues University web site, which is dedicated to providing them with additional resources as well as online discussion forums to learn from our other agent customers.
The HouseValues Community. Real estate agents often work in competitive office environments in which they compete for business with the other agents in their office, thereby limiting collaboration, mentoring and the sharing of best practices with other agents. Because we operate on a nationwide basis and provide each lead to only one agent customer, our agent customers typically do not compete with each other for the same clients. We believe that as a result, they are more willing to share best practices and ideas and help other agent customers develop their skill sets. Programs such as our market-specific coaching calls, in-market training seminars and MasterMind success calls enable and encourage agent customers to network with each other and share knowledge and best practices with other agent customers.
Certification and Recognition Program
Agents who meet our lead cultivation standards and participate in our coaching and training programs are eligible for our HouseValues certification programs. We provide these agent customers with certifications, such as Certified Professional, Presidents Club and Directors Club, which they can display in their emails to prospective clients. We also provide these agent customers with priority with respect to newly available lead bundles.
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Based in part on feedback from agent customers through the Agent Success Program, we believe our customers experience success in converting the leads we provide to them into closed transactions. Although we encourage agent customers to voluntarily provide us with lead conversion information through the Market Leader system and our Agent Success Program, customers do not consistently provide this information. As a result we do not have an accurate statistical analysis of conversion rates or average lead-to-conversion time.
Sales and Marketing
Agent Acquisition
We identify prospective real estate agent customers through email and telephone solicitation, referrals from other agent customers and general advertising. We provide our salespeople with a variety of tools to help them demonstrate the advantages of our service offering to potential agent customers. Salespeople are compensated largely on their sales performance. We also make personal sales calls to agents and brokerage firms through field sales personnel.
Consumer Marketing
We use our in-house media buying team to purchase advertising for lead generation, which has enabled us to create an efficient, customized and measurable consumer marketing program. We use direct-response advertising, including television, Internet and other media, to attract prospective home buyers and sellers to our HouseValues.com and JustListed.com web sites. We adjust our advertising to generate leads in specific geographic markets based on existing lead inventory, our commitments to deliver leads in those markets, current advertising costs and other factors.
Competition
We operate in a highly competitive environment and expect that competition will continue to be intense. The barriers to entry in our industry are low, making it possible for current or new competitors to adopt certain aspects of our business model without great financial expense, thereby reducing our ability to differentiate our services. While we are unaware of any other company that provides the same suite of services, all of our services, including online lead generation, online prospect management system and agent coaching and training programs, are provided separately by other companies, and it is possible that one or more of these companies, or a new market entrant, could adopt a business model that competes directly with us.
Many of our existing and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, greater technological capabilities and greater financial, sales, marketing and human resources than we do. Our current and potential competitors include:
Traditional sellers of advertising to real estate agents. We compete with traditional sellers of advertising, including local and regional newspapers, local magazines, and rack publications advertising homes for sale, for a share of the marketing dollars that residential real estate agents spend to attract prospective home buyers and sellers. Real estate agents may continue to view traditional advertising sources as the most effective means to reach prospective home buyers and sellers, leading to a lack of demand for our services.
Internet media companies. We compete with large Internet media companies, such as AOL, Google, MSN and Yahoo! for residential real estate agents marketing dollars. Some of the large Internet media companies are currently developing enhanced search products, including search products that would allow a user to find real estate related search results in a specific city or geographic area. If their existing or new products become a cost-effective way for real estate agents to generate leads, these products may become an attractive alternative to our services, which could decrease demand for our services or increase our online lead generation costs. Additionally, these companies on which we rely in part for our own advertising and lead generation needs may develop or acquire products and services that compete directly with our services.
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Online companies focused on real estate. We compete with a variety of online marketing and lead generation companies that focus exclusively on the real estate industry. Such companies include HomeGain, Homes.com, Homestore, ServiceMagic and IAC/InterActiveCorp and its LendingTree business, which includes Domania.com and RealEstate.com, all of which have established web sites and compete or may compete for real estate agent advertising expenditures. There has been recent press speculation that Homestore, one of the largest Internet real estate sites, may enter into the lead generation business.
Consolidation driven by online service providers involved in the real estate industry and Internet media companies could create more potent competitors. For instance, IAC/InterActiveCorp recently acquired ServiceMagic, an online home services marketplace. Increased consolidation among online service providers in the residential real estate industry could result in additional competitors that have significantly greater resources or greater brand recognition than we do, and that are able to provide a broader and more attractive suite of products to real estate agents than we can.
Real estate brokerage firms. Some real estate brokerage firms currently offer services similar to ours, and in the future these firms or other brokerage firms may become direct competitors. A significant percentage of residential real estate agents are affiliated with large national or regional brokerage firms. These brokerage firms, or smaller independent brokerage firms, may decide to provide their agents with a service offering or suite of service offerings similar to ours at a lower cost or free of charge, or attempt to restrict the ability of their agents to use our services.
We believe the principal competitive factors affecting our markets are product selection and quality; price; customer service and support; brand recognition; reputation, reliability and trust; quality of web site, including features, functionality and information; convenience; and delivery performance. Although we believe that we are well positioned to compete adequately with respect to these factors in the future, our future success is currently difficult to predict.
Technology and Infrastructure
We have built a proprietary, feature-rich set of systems to interact with consumers, provide our suite of services to real estate agents and manage our business.
HouseValues.com and JustListed.com. These web sites, in combination with our lead management system, interact with thousands of Internet-enabled consumers every day and automatically distribute leads from prospective home buyers and sellers to agent customers. We have built advanced tracking and testing systems into HouseValues.com and JustListed.com so that we can monitor visitor conversion metrics.
Lead management system. Our lead management system is a geography-targeted, business-rule driven system that manages and distributes leads to agent customers. This system allows us to monitor lead inventory and aids in the optimization of media spend.
Direct marketing system. This system directs potential agent customers to the appropriate sales staff. The sales team has a real-time view of available lead inventory in every neighborhood in the country and closes sales utilizing an online order form. Orders are confirmed and entered into our customer billing system, which is integrated directly with our accounting system, enabling us to automatically calculate and track revenue. In our back office, we have real-time reporting capability about critical aspects of our business and our interactions with customers.
Our systems are built primarily on Microsoft .Net technology. These systems are hosted in a co-location facility in Seattle, Washington. We have secure and fully redundant systems and our software and databases are backed up daily and stored at an offsite location.
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Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright and trade secret laws in the United States as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology and our brand. We currently have one trademark registered in the United States and applications for 17 additional marks are pending in the United States and Canada for our name and certain words and phrases that we use in our business. We also rely on copyright laws to protect computer programs relating to our web sites and our proprietary technologies although to date we have not registered for copyright protection. We have registered numerous Internet domain names related to our business in order to protect our proprietary interests. We also enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and confidentiality agreements with other third parties, and we actively monitor access to our proprietary technology.
Protecting our intellectual property rights could be costly and time-consuming. From time to time, we may encounter disputes over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property. Also, the efforts we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business, our brand and reputation, and our ability to compete.
Government Regulation
Our business is subject to various laws and regulations relating to Internet commerce and telemarketing, as well as federal and state laws and regulations relating to real estate matters.
Regulation relating to Internet commerce. Several jurisdictions have recently proposed or adopted privacy-related laws that restrict or prohibit unsolicited email solicitations, commonly known as spam, and that impose significant penalties for violations. One of these laws, the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, or CAN-SPAM, became effective in the United States on January 1, 2004. CAN-SPAM imposes complex and often burdensome requirements in connection with sending commercial email. The language of CAN-SPAM contains ambiguities. In addition, certain implementing rules have not yet been promulgated, and key provisions of CAN-SPAM have yet to be interpreted by the courts. Depending on how it is interpreted, CAN-SPAM may impose burdens on our email marketing practices and affect features of our Market Leader system and other services we offer or may offer. In addition, states continue to pass legislation regulating email communications and Internet advertising. Some provisions of these laws are ambiguous and have not been interpreted by the courts. These laws may affect our ability to communicate with customers and consumers in a cost-effective manner, and the violation of these laws may result in penalties or damage to our reputation.
In addition, it is possible that laws and regulations relating to Internet commerce may be adopted with respect to issues such as user privacy, freedom of expression, pricing, content and quality of services, taxation, advertising, intellectual property rights and information security. Further, the growth of online commerce may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws. Several states have proposed legislation to limit the uses of personal user information gathered online or require online companies to establish privacy policies. The Federal Trade Commission has also initiated actions regarding the manner in which personal information is collected from users by online companies and provided to third parties. The adoption of additional privacy or consumer protection laws could create uncertainty in Internet usage and reduce the demand for our services.
Telemarketing laws. Both federal and state laws regulate the practice of telemarketing. All 50 states have enacted some form of telemarketing law. In particular, the federal government and a significant number of states have implemented do not call lists. In addition, a number of states require telemarketers to register with the state and post a bond, prohibit automated systems and recorded messages, impose disclosure requirements upon sales calls, and require written sales contracts for certain telemarketing transactions. Many of these laws at both the federal and state level contain exceptions for calls to other businesses, calls by businesses that are already regulated by another governmental agency, and calls that do not culminate in a sale during the telephone call. We are subject to certain of these laws, and our failure to register in a jurisdiction where we are required to do so could subject us to penalties, limit our ability to market our services and hamper our ability to enforce contracts in these jurisdictions.
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State real estate regulation. Real estate licensing laws vary from state to state, but generally a corporation engaged in the real estate brokerage business must obtain a corporate real estate brokers license. In order to obtain this license, most jurisdictions require that an officer of the corporation be licensed individually as a real estate broker in that jurisdiction. This officer-broker is responsible for the real estate operations within the state, and the corporation acts through this individual. Holders of real estate licenses must follow the states real estate licensing laws and regulations. These laws and regulations prescribe minimum duties and obligations of the license holders to their clients and the public, as well as standards for the conduct of business, including contract and disclosure requirements, record-keeping requirements, trust fund handling, agency representation, advertising regulations and fair housing requirements. Most states currently have an exception from brokerage licensing requirements with respect to referrals that originate from a broker licensed in a different state, provided that the referral is made to a broker or agent licensed in that state. We currently hold a corporate real estate brokers license in the State of Washington and intend to obtain licenses in other states that we determine are necessary for our business. Although we actively work to ensure we are in compliance with state real estate licensing laws and regulations, regulations and their interpretation are subject to change and we cannot assure you that we are, and will remain at all times, in full compliance with such regulations and may be subject to fines or penalties in the event of any non-compliance.
Federal real estate regulation. In addition to state regulations, there are federal laws and regulations that govern the real estate industry. The principal applicable federal regulations include the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) and federal fair housing laws. RESPA is intended to reduce the settlement costs associated with buying and selling real estate. While RESPA has broad-reaching impact on a variety of services associated with the purchase or sale of real estate, including lending, title insurance and settlement services, its principal application to the real estate brokerage business is to limit payment of referral fees. Nonetheless, RESPA expressly permits payments pursuant to cooperative brokerage and referral arrangements or agreements between real estate agents and brokers. In addition, RESPA permits payments for goods or facilities furnished or for services actually performed, so long as those payments bear a reasonable relationship to the market value of the goods or facilities furnished or the services performed, excluding the value of any referrals that may be provided in connection with such goods, facilities or services. Federal fair housing laws generally make it illegal to discriminate against protected classes of individuals in housing or providing brokerage services. We believe that the federal fair housing laws have limited applicability to our current business activities.
Employees
As of December 31, 2004, we had 266 employees, all of whom are based in our corporate headquarters in Kirkland, Washington. None of our employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced employment-related work stoppages and consider our employee relations to be good.
Factors That May Affect Our Business, Financial Condition and Future Results
We have a limited operating history, our business model is new and evolving and our future operating results are unpredictable.
We were formed in May 1999 and therefore have a limited operating history upon which to evaluate our operations and future prospects. There is little significant historical basis to assess how we will respond to competitive, economic or technological challenges. Our business and prospects must be considered in light of the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in the early stages of development.
The success of our business model depends on our ability to attract new and retain existing agent customers and to efficiently generate leads from consumers visiting our web sites. Any failure to execute this strategy could harm our business. Our business model is relatively new and unproven and is still evolving. For example, we originally sold leads generated by visits to our HouseValues site to agent customers under an exclusive territory sales model, pursuant to which an agent customer received on an exclusive basis every lead we generated in his or her designated territory. We transitioned from the exclusive territory sales model in the second quarter of
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2004, and began selling bundles of exclusive leads to one or more agent customers in a specific geographic area. If our agent customers are unsatisfied with this shift in our sales model, or with other changes we make as our business evolves, they may choose not to extend their contracts for our services.
We expect that we will continue to increase our expenses, in particular within sales and marketing, as we seek to expand our business. We cannot assure you that our strategies for growth will be successful or that our revenues will increase sufficiently to maintain our current margins or profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
Our operating results are subject to fluctuations that may cause our stock price to decline.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future. Our revenues are unpredictable and may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to changes in rates of agent customer adoption and retention, the cyclical nature of the real estate industry, variability in interest rates and other factors outside of our control. In addition, our expenses may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to, among other factors, the timing of sales and marketing campaigns. We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our past operating results may not be good indicators of our future performance and should not be relied on to predict the future performance of our stock price. For example, we launched our JustListed.com business in January 2004 and experienced rapid revenue growth during 2004 as a result. We do not expect that we will be able to sustain this revenue growth rate in future quarters as our business matures and the rate of customer growth declines.
It is possible that in the future our operating results will not meet the expectations of investors, causing the market price of our common stock to decline. In the past, companies that have experienced decreases in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. A securities class action lawsuit against us could result in substantial costs and divert our managements attention from other business concerns.
We may be unable to compete successfully with our current or future competitors.
We operate in a highly competitive environment and expect that competition will continue to be intense. The barriers to entry in our industry are low, making it possible for current or new competitors to adopt certain aspects of our business model without great financial expense, thereby reducing our ability to differentiate our services. All of our services, including online lead generation, online prospect management and agent coaching and training are provided separately by other companies, and it is possible that one or more of these companies, or a new market entrant, could adopt a business model that competes directly with us.
Our current and potential competitors include:
Traditional sellers of advertising to real estate professionals. We compete with traditional sellers of advertising, including local and regional newspapers, local magazines, and rack publications advertising homes for sale, for a share of the marketing dollars that residential real estate professionals spend to attract prospective home buyers and sellers. Real estate professionals may continue to view traditional advertising sources as the most effective means to reach prospective home buyers and sellers, leading to a lack of demand for our services. If we fail to persuade these agents to spend marketing dollars on our services, our business and operating results will suffer.
Internet media companies. We compete with large Internet media companies, such as AOL, Google, MSN and Yahoo! for residential real estate agents marketing dollars. Some of the large Internet media companies are currently developing enhanced search products, including search products that would allow a user to find real estate related search results in a specific city or geographic area. If their existing or new products become a cost-effective way for real estate agents to generate leads, these products may become an attractive alternative to our services, which could decrease demand for our services or increase our online lead generation costs. Additionally, these companies, on which we rely in part for our own advertising and lead generation needs, may develop or acquire products and services that compete directly with our services. There has been recent press speculation that HomeStore, one of the largest Internet realestate sites, may enter into the lead generation business.
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Online companies focused on real estate. We compete with a variety of online marketing and lead generation companies that focus exclusively on the real estate industry. Such companies include HomeGain, Homes.com, Homestore, ServiceMagic and IAC/InterActiveCorp and its LendingTree business, which includes Domania.com and RealEstate.com, all of which have established web sites and compete or may compete for real estate agent advertising expenditures.
In addition, consolidation driven by online service providers involved in the real estate industry and Internet media companies could create more potent competitors. For instance, IAC/InterActiveCorp recently acquired ServiceMagic, an online home services marketplace. Increased consolidation among online service providers in the residential real estate industry could result in additional competitors that have significantly greater resources or greater brand recognition than we do, and that are able to provide a broader and more attractive suite of services to real estate professionals than we can.
Real estate brokerage firms. Some real estate brokerage firms currently offer services similar to ours, and in the future these firms and other brokerage firms may become direct competitors. A significant percentage of residential real estate agents are affiliated with large national or regional brokerage firms. If these brokerage firms, or smaller independent brokerage firms, decide to provide their agents with a service offering or suite of service offerings similar to ours at a lower cost or free of charge, or if they attempt to restrict the ability of their agents to use our services, demand for our services by real estate agents could decrease.
Many of our existing and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, greater technological capabilities and greater financial, sales, marketing and human resources than we do. These competitors could:
| | develop services that are as effective as or superior to our services or that achieve greater market acceptance than do our services; |
| | devote greater resources to marketing or selling their services; |
| | make more attractive offers to potential agent customers or otherwise more effectively attract real estate professionals; |
| | withstand price competition more successfully than we can; |
| | provide services similar to ours at no additional cost by bundling them with their other product and service offerings; |
| | make more attractive offers to existing and potential employees than we do; |
| | more effectively negotiate third-party arrangements; and |
| | take advantage of investments, acquisitions or other opportunities more readily than we can. |
Any failure to increase the number of our customers would harm our business.
Our growth depends in large part on increasing the number of our agent customers. However, prospective agent customers may not be familiar with our services and may be accustomed to using traditional methods of advertising and marketing. To attract more customers, we must convince real estate professionals to spend a portion of their advertising and marketing budgets on our services. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in continuing to acquire more agent customers or that our future sales efforts will be effective. If we reach the point at which we have attempted to sell our services to the majority of residential real estate agents in the United States, our ability to further increase the number of agent customers could be limited. We may not know or be able to estimate when we have reached this point because we currently cannot reliably estimate the total number of residential real estate agents that are actively engaged in the industry during any particular period.
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Any failure to retain agent customers could harm our business.
Our ability to retain agent customers will depend, in part, on our ability to generate leads from prospective home buyers and sellers in quantities demanded by our customers. In addition, our success will depend on our ability to enhance our existing services, develop new technologies that address the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of agent customers, respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices in a timely manner and on a cost-effective basis. Our customer contracts require us to deliver a guaranteed minimum number of leads per month to each agent customer. We occasionally fail to deliver the number of leads we are required to deliver to a customer in a given month. For example, during the three months ended December 31, 2004, we were unable to deliver approximately 1.3% of our total lead obligations to customers. When we fail to deliver leads, we often will give our agent customers a discount on future services. These discounts totaled approximately $360,000 and $435,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively. If we regularly fail to deliver the number of leads we are required to deliver to a customer, that customer will likely become dissatisfied with our services. In addition, if we do not maintain adequate technical support levels, or continue to improve the ease of use, functionality and features of our Market Leader prospect management system, agent coaching and training offerings, or if agent customers are dissatisfied with the quality of the leads that we provide, our agent customers may choose not to extend their contracts for our services.
Agents remain customers typically only for a limited period of time, and we have limited ability to predict how long agents will remain customers.
Our customer contracts typically have an initial term of twelve months, with automatic one-month extensions unless terminated by either party. Some customers have decided not to extend their contracts due to their inability to convert the leads we have provided into closed transactions or dissatisfaction with our services. Our average monthly churn rate for 2004 was 6.2%. We calculate average monthly churn by dividing the number of customers who cancel during the quarter by the average core customers in the quarter, divided by the number of months in the quarter. Average monthly churn for 2004 is an average of the quarterly churn rates in the year.
We cannot accurately predict how long agents will remain customers. If our churn rate increases, our revenue will decline and our business will suffer.
We have experienced rapid growth which we may not be able to successfully manage.
We have experienced rapid growth in our revenues, expenses and employee headcount. Since October 2003, we have added a number of key managerial, technical and operations personnel, including our Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Sales, and we expect to add additional key personnel in the near future. In addition, our overall employee base has grown from 107 employees as of December 31, 2002 to 266 employees as of December 31, 2004. This expansion has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources.
To manage the anticipated continued growth of our operations and personnel, we will need to further expand our finance, accounting, administrative, sales and operations staff. We cannot assure you that management will be able to hire, train, retain, motivate and manage required personnel. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, our business could be harmed.
We are evaluating our system of internal controls over financial reporting and making enhancements where appropriate, which may require significant resources.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud. We are in the process of instituting changes to our internal procedures to satisfy the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which require management and our auditors to evaluate and assess the effectiveness
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of our internal controls. Implementing these changes may take a significant amount of time, money, and management resources and may require specific compliance training of our directors, officers and other personnel. We are continuing to evaluate and, where appropriate, enhance our policies, procedures and internal controls. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports. Given the potential significance of resources required for compliance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the work necessary to fully comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or that management or our auditors will conclude that our internal controls are effective.
We rely almost entirely on advertising to generate leads for agent customers.
We rely on advertising to attract prospective home buyers and sellers to our web sites and to generate leads. We advertise primarily through online media and television commercials.
Risks associated with online advertising. We rely on online media to attract a significant percentage of the prospective home buyers and sellers visiting our web sites. Prices for online advertising could increase as a result of increased demand for advertising inventory, which would cause our expenses to increase and could result in lower margins. Our advertising contracts with online search engines are typically short-term. If one or more search engines on which we rely for advertising modifies or terminates its relationship with us, our expenses could increase, the number of leads we generate could decrease and our revenues or margins could decline.
Risks associated with television advertising. Television advertising rates depend on a number of factors, including the strength of the national economy and regional economies and the strength of certain industries that advertise frequently. Advertising rates are also subject to cyclical and seasonal fluctuations; for example, rates tend to be higher in election years and during major sporting events. If television advertising prices increase significantly, in the absence of more efficient ways to generate leads, our marketing expenses will also increase, which would harm our results of operations.
As the number of leads that we are required to deliver has increased, we have increased the levels of advertising to meet those requirements. We cannot assure you that increases in advertising will result in increases in leads. If the effectiveness of our advertising declines, our business will suffer.
Our business depends on the real estate industry, which is cyclical.
The success of our business depends on the health of the residential real estate market, which historically has been subject to economic cycles. An economic slowdown or recession, adverse tax policies, lower availability of credit, increased unemployment, lower consumer confidence, lower wage and salary levels, war or terrorist attacks or the public perception that any of these conditions may occur could decrease demand for residential real estate. Trends in the real estate industry are unpredictable; therefore, our operating results, to the extent they reflect changes in the broader real estate industry, may be subject t