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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 


 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004

 

Commission file number: 1-10864

 


 

UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

MINNESOTA   41-1321939

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

UNITEDHEALTH GROUP CENTER

9900 BREN ROAD EAST

MINNETONKA, MINNESOTA

  55343
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (952) 936-1300

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

COMMON STOCK, $.01 PAR VALUE   NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC.
(Title of each class)   (Name of each exchange on which registered)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  x    NO  ¨

 

Indicate by checkmark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x

 

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).    YES  x    NO  ¨

 

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2004, was approximately $37,626,513,130 (based on the last reported sale price of $62.25 per share on June 30, 2004, on the New York Stock Exchange).*

 

As of February 15, 2005, there were 641,479,122 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

 

Note that in Part III of this report on Form 10-K, we “incorporate by reference” certain information from our Definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 3, 2005. This document will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) within the time period permitted by the SEC. The SEC allows us to disclose important information by referring to it in that manner. Please refer to such information.

 

* Only shares of voting stock held beneficially by directors, executive officers and subsidiaries of the company have been excluded in determining this number.

 



Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page

    PART I     

Item 1.

 

Business

   1
   

Introduction

   1
   

Description of Business Segments

   2
   

Government Regulation

   9
   

Competition

   11
   

Employees

   11
   

Executive Officers of the Registrant

   12

Item 2.

 

Properties

   14

Item 3.

 

Legal Proceedings

   14

Item 4.

 

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   14
    PART II     

Item 5.

  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    14

Item 6.

 

Selected Financial Data

   16

Item 7.

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   17

Item 7A.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   37

Item 8.

 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   38

Item 9.

 

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   61

Item 9A.

 

Controls and Procedures

   61

Item 9B.

 

Other Information

   64
    PART III     

Item 10.

 

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

   65

Item 11.

 

Executive Compensation

   65

Item 12.

  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    65

Item 13.

 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

   66

Item 14.

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   66
    PART IV     

Item 15.

 

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K

   66

Signatures

   70

Exhibit Index

   72


Table of Contents

PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 

INTRODUCTION

 

UnitedHealth Group is a diversified health and well-being company, serving approximately 55 million Americans. We are focused on improving the health care system and how it works for multiple, distinct constituencies. We provide individuals with access to quality, cost-effective health care services and resources through more than 460,000 physicians and other care providers, and 4,200 hospitals across the United States. We manage approximately $60 billion in aggregate annual health care spending on behalf of more than 250,000 employer-customers and the consumers we serve. Our primary focus is on improving health care systems by simplifying the administrative components of health care delivery, promoting evidence-based medicine as the standard for care, and providing relevant, actionable data that physicians, health care providers, consumers, employers and other participants in health care can use to make better, more informed decisions. We have developed our business around the principles of physician-centered health care that is supported by data-driven care facilitation and management resources. This approach works to ensure access through all clinical situations, improve outcomes and enhance affordability.

 

Our revenues are derived from premium revenues on risk-based products, fees from management, administrative, technology, and consulting services, sales of a wide variety of products and services related to the broad health and well-being industry and investment and other income. We conduct our business primarily through operating divisions in the following business segments:

 

    Uniprise;

 

    Health Care Services, which includes our UnitedHealthcare, Ovations and AmeriChoice businesses;

 

    Specialized Care Services; and

 

    Ingenix.

 

For a discussion of our financial results by segment see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

We continually evaluate expansion opportunities in all our businesses. Expansion opportunities may include acquiring businesses that are complementary to our existing operations. We also devote significant attention to developing new products and services for the health and well-being industry. During 2004, we completed several acquisitions, all as part of our ongoing emphasis on our strategic focus. In the normal course of business, we also consider whether to sell certain businesses or stop offering certain products and services.

 

UnitedHealth Group Incorporated is a Minnesota corporation incorporated in January 1977. The terms “we,” “our” or the “company” refer to UnitedHealth Group Incorporated and our subsidiaries. Our executive offices are located at UnitedHealth Group Center, 9900 Bren Road East, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343; our telephone number is (952) 936-1300. You can access our website at www.unitedhealthgroup.com to learn more about our company. From that site, you can download and print copies of our annual reports to shareholders, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, along with amendments to those reports. You can also download from our website our Articles of Incorporation, bylaws and corporate governance policies, including our Principles of Governance, Board of Directors Committee Charters, and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We make periodic reports and amendments available, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish these reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We will also provide a copy of any of our corporate governance policies published on our website free of charge, upon request. To request a copy of any of these documents, please submit your request to: UnitedHealth Group Incorporated, 9900 Bren Road East, Minnetonka, MN 55343, Attn: Corporate Secretary.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS SEGMENTS

 

UNIPRISE

 

Uniprise delivers health care and well-being services nationwide to large national employers, individual consumers and other health care organizations through three related business units: Uniprise Strategic Solutions (USS), Definity Health and Exante Financial Services (Exante). Each business unit works with other UnitedHealth Group businesses to deliver a complementary and integrated array of services. USS delivers strategic health and well-being solutions to large national employers. Definity Health provides consumer-driven health plans and services to employers and their employees. As of December 31, 2004, USS and Definity Health served approximately 9.9 million individuals. Exante delivers health-care-focused financial services for consumers, employers and providers. Most Uniprise products and services are delivered through its licensed affiliates. Uniprise provides administrative and customer care services for certain other businesses of UnitedHealth Group. Uniprise also offers transactional processing services to various intermediaries and health care entities.

 

Uniprise specializes in large-volume transaction management, large-scale benefit design and innovative technology solutions designed to promote evidence-based medicine and facilitate effective, efficient health care delivery by transforming complex administrative processes into simpler, efficient, high quality automated processes. Uniprise’s core administrative services include the processing of more than 220 million medical benefit claims each year and live or automated servicing of more than 75 million telephone calls annually. This includes comprehensive operational services for independent health plans and third party administrators representing approximately 2 million consumers, as well as approximately 8 million of the commercial health plan consumers outside of Uniprise who are served by UnitedHealthcare. Uniprise maintains Internet-based administrative and financial applications for physician inquiries and transactions, customer-specific data analysis for employers, and consumer access to personal health care information and services.

 

USS

 

USS provides comprehensive and customized administrative, benefits and service solutions for large employers and other organizations with more than 5,000 employees in multiple locations. USS customers may also access UnitedHealth Group’s network-based medical, insurance and specialty services, through a wide variety of product arrangements. USS customers generally retain the risk of financing the medical benefits of their employees and their dependents, and USS provides coordination and facilitation of medical services; transaction processing; consumer and care provider services; and access to contracted networks of physicians, hospitals and other health care professionals for a fixed service fee per individual served. As of December 31, 2004, USS served over 350 employers, including approximately 160 of the Fortune 500 companies.

 

Definity Health

 

Definity Health provides innovative consumer health care solutions that enable consumers to take ownership and control of their health care benefits. Definity Health’s products include high deductible consumer-directed benefit plans coupled with health reimbursement accounts or health savings accounts, and discount cards for services generally not covered by high deductible health plans. Definity Health is the national leader in consumer-directed health benefit programs. As of December 31, 2004, Definity Health provides health benefits to approximately 85 employers, including 20 of the Fortune 500, under self-funded benefit plan arrangements.

 

Exante

 

Exante Financial Services provides health-based financial services for consumers, employers and providers. These financial services are delivered through Exante Bank, a Utah-chartered industrial bank. These financial services include a new Health Savings Account (HSA) with check and debit card access by which consumers may access funds in their tax-deferred HSAs when paying for eligible medical expenses. Exante’s health benefit

 

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card programs include electronic systems for verification of benefit coverage and eligibility and administration of Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) and Health Reimbursement Accounts (HRAs).

 

HEALTH CARE SERVICES

 

Our Health Care Services segment consists of our UnitedHealthcare, Ovations and AmeriChoice businesses.

 

UnitedHealthcare

 

UnitedHealthcare offers a comprehensive array of consumer-oriented health benefit plans and services for local, small and mid-sized employers and individuals nationwide. UnitedHealthcare provides health care services on behalf of approximately 11 million Americans as of December 31, 2004. With its risk-based product offerings, UnitedHealthcare assumes the risk of both medical and administrative costs for its customers in return for a monthly premium, which is typically at a fixed rate for a one-year period. UnitedHealthcare also provides administrative and other management services to customers that self-insure the medical costs of their employees and their dependents, for which UnitedHealthcare receives a fixed service fee per individual served. These customers retain the risk of financing medical benefits for their employees, and UnitedHealthcare administers the payment of customer funds to physicians and other health care providers from customer-funded bank accounts. Small employer groups are more likely to purchase risk-based products because they are generally unable or unwilling to bear a greater potential liability for health care expenditures.

 

UnitedHealthcare offers its products through affiliates that are usually licensed as insurance companies or as health maintenance organizations, depending upon a variety of factors, including state regulations. UnitedHealthcare’s product strategy centers on several fundamentals: consumer choice, actionable information, better outcomes and greater affordability. UnitedHealthcare’s products include wellness programs and services that help individuals make informed decisions, maintain a healthy lifestyle and maximize the success of inpatient and outpatient treatments by coordinating access to care services and providing personalized, targeted education and information services.

 

UnitedHealthcare arranges for discounted access to care through more than 460,000 physicians and other care providers, and 4,200 hospitals across the United States. The consolidated purchasing power represented by the individuals UnitedHealthcare serves makes it possible for UnitedHealthcare to contract for cost-effective access to a large number of conveniently located care providers. Directly or through UnitedHealth Group’s family of companies, UnitedHealthcare offers:

 

    A broad range of benefit plans integrating medical, ancillary and alternative care products so customers can choose benefits that are right for them;

 

    Affordability by leveraging the economic benefits of the purchasing power of millions of people;

 

    Access to broad and diverse numbers of physicians and other care providers through benefit plans that give customers direct access to specialists without obtaining referrals;

 

    Innovative clinical outreach programs—built around evidence-based medicine—that promote care quality and patient safety and provide incentives for physicians who demonstrate consistency of clinical care against best practice standards;

 

    National access to proven high-quality and efficient centers of excellence for cardiac, cancer and orthopedic care through the UnitedHealth Premium program;

 

    Care facilitation services that use proprietary predictive technology to identify individuals with significant gaps in care and unmet needs or risk for potential health problems and then facilitate timely and appropriate interventions;

 

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    Unique disease and condition management programs to help individuals address significant, complex disease states;

 

    Convenient self-service for customer transactions, pharmacy services and health information;

 

    Clinical information that physicians can use in working with their patients; and

 

    Simplified electronic transactions for customers.

 

UnitedHealthcare’s regional and national access to broad, affordable and quality networks of care has advanced significantly in the past 12 months with acquisitions and/or expansions enhancing services in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. UnitedHealthcare has also organized health care alliances with select regional not-for-profit health plans to facilitate greater customer access and affordability.

 

We believe that UnitedHealthcare’s innovation distinguishes its product offerings from the competition. UnitedHealthcare designs consumer-oriented health benefits and services that value individual choice and control in accessing health care. UnitedHealthcare has programs that provide health education; admission counseling before hospital stays; care advocacy to help avoid delays in patients’ stays in the hospital; support for individuals at risk of needing intensive treatment and care coordination for people with chronic conditions. UnitedHealthcare offers comprehensive and integrated pharmaceutical management services that achieve lower costs by using formulary programs that drive better unit costs for drugs, benefit designs that encourage consumers to use drugs that offer the best value, and physician and consumer programs that support the appropriate use of drugs based on clinical evidence.

 

UnitedHealthcare’s distribution system consists primarily of insurance producers in the Small Employer Group and producers and other consultant-based or direct sales in the Large Employer and Public Sector Groups. UnitedHealthcare’s direct distribution operations are relatively limited and apply only in the Maryland, Washington, D.C. and Virginia markets, as well as to portions of the large employer commercial market (which is generally self-funded) and to cross-selling of specialty products to existing customers. UnitedHealthcare’s external distribution network includes approximately 30,000 active insurance producers as well as opportunities presented to it by benefits consultants.

 

Ovations

 

Ovations provides health and well-being services for individuals age 50 and older, addressing their unique needs for preventative and acute health care services, as well as for services dealing with chronic disease and other specialized issues for older individuals. Ovations is one of few enterprises fully dedicated to this market segment, providing products and services in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands through licensed affiliates. Ovations is focused on meeting the needs of its beneficiaries, rather than on providing a particular offering or product. Ovations’ wide array of offerings and products includes Medicare Supplement and Medicare Advantage coverage and prescription discount cards, as well as disease management and chronic care capabilities. Ovations recently initiated work to help the government-sponsored health care system in England improve its health care services, and is exploring opportunities in other European markets.

 

Ovations has extensive capabilities and experience with direct marketing to consumers on behalf of its key clients—AARP, state and U.S. government agencies and employer groups. Ovations also has a seasoned staff with distinct pricing, underwriting and marketing capabilities dedicated to senior and geriatric risk-based health products and services.

 

Medicare Reform Legislation

 

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is embarking on significant Medicare changes as it adds a prescription drug benefit and increases the diversity of its offerings. We believe that these changes will both

 

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expand and produce new opportunities for well-organized and focused companies to serve older Americans. We believe that Ovations is well-positioned to respond to these opportunities. Ovations is unique in its national participation in the Medicare program across the broad spectrum of Medicare products—offering Medigap products that supplement traditional fee-for-service coverage, more traditional health plan-type programs under Medicare Advantage, prescription drug discount offerings, and special offerings for chronically ill and dual-eligible beneficiaries. Ovations currently is participating in new product options available following the Medicare reform legislation. Ovations is one of the nation’s leading providers of Medicare prescription drug discount cards. Ovations is preparing to participate in the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit program. Ovations intends to proceed with potential market opportunities in a disciplined, deliberate way.

 

Ovations Insurance Solutions

 

Ovations offers a range of health insurance products and services to AARP members, and has expanded the scope of services and programs offered over the past several years. These products and services are provided to supplement benefits covered under traditional Medicare. Ovations operates the nation’s largest Medicare Supplement business, providing Medicare supplement and hospital indemnity insurance, from its insurance company affiliates, to approximately 3.8 million AARP members. Ovations’ services also include an expanded AARP Nurse Healthline service which provides 24-hour access to health information from nurses for certain lines of business. Ovations also developed a lower cost Medicare Supplement offering that provides consumers with a hospital network and 24-hour access to health care information. In 2004, Ovations continued to pilot a new health insurance program focused on persons between 50 and 64 years of age.

 

Ovations Pharmacy Solutions

 

Ovations Pharmacy Solutions addresses one of the most significant cost problems facing older Americans—prescription drug costs. With approximately 1.8 million users, the program provides access to discounted retail and mail order pharmacy services, and a complimentary health and well-being catalog offering. Ovations also offers three different Medicare-endorsed discount drug cards under the Medicare Modernization Act. These cards offer cost savings for retail and mail order prescription drugs. There are a total of approximately 640,000 cardholders who participate in the Medicare-endorsed drug card programs offered by Ovations.

 

Ovations Senior & Retiree Services

 

Ovations’ Senior & Retiree Services division provides health care coverage for the seniors market primarily through the Medicare Advantage (formerly Medicare+Choice) program administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. In the fourth quarter of 2004, Ovations’ Senior Retiree Services began offering rural Medicare Advantage Private Fee For Service coverage, servicing 169 rural counties in Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Under these programs, Ovations provides health insurance coverage to eligible Medicare beneficiaries in exchange for a fixed monthly premium per member from CMS that varies based on the geographic areas in which the members reside. Through these programs, 330,000 individual Medicare beneficiaries and hundreds of employer retiree groups were served as of December 31, 2004.

 

Evercare

 

Through its Evercare division, Ovations is one of the nation’s leaders in offering complete, individualized care planning and care benefits for aging, vulnerable and chronically ill individuals, serving approximately 70,000 persons across the nation in nursing homes, community-based settings and private homes. In 2004, Evercare’s care management program for frail elderly nursing home residents was designated as a Special Needs Plan, converting it from a demonstration project to a permanent program under contract with the Medicare program. Evercare offers other services through innovative programs such as Evercare Choice, Evercare Select and Evercare Connections. Evercare Choice is a Medicare product that offers enhanced medical coverage to frail, elderly and chronically ill populations in both nursing homes and community settings. These services are

 

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provided primarily through nurse practitioners, physicians’ assistants and physicians. Evercare Select is a Medicaid, long-term health care product for elderly, physically disabled and other needy individuals. Evercare Connections is a comprehensive eldercare service program providing service coordination, consultation, claim management and information resources nationwide. Proprietary, automated medical record software enables Evercare geriatric care teams to capture and track patient data and clinical encounters in nursing home, hospital and home care settings. Evercare has begun extending its complex care management services to end-of-life situations. In 2004, Evercare began offering community-based hospice programs in two states.

 

AmeriChoice

 

AmeriChoice provides network-based health and well-being services to state Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and other government-sponsored health care programs and the beneficiaries of those programs. AmeriChoice provides services to nearly 1.3 million individuals, an expansion of approximately 155,000 individuals in 2004, in 13 states across the country. The individuals AmeriChoice serves generally live in areas that are medically underserved and where a consistent relationship with the medical community or a care provider is less likely. AmeriChoice’s population also tends to face significant social and economic challenges. AmeriChoice offers government agencies a broad menu of separate management services—including clinical care, consulting and management, pharmacy benefit services and administrative and technology services—to help them effectively administer their distinct health care delivery systems for individuals in these programs.

 

AmeriChoice’s approach is founded in its belief that health care cannot be provided effectively without consideration of all of the factors—social, economic, environmental and physical—that affect a person’s life. AmeriChoice coordinates resources among family, physicians, other health care providers and government and community-based agencies and organizations to provide continuous and effective care. For members, this means that the unique AmeriChoice Personal Care Model offers them a holistic approach to health care, emphasizing practical programs to improve their living circumstances as well as quality medical care and treatment in accessible, culturally-sensitive, community-oriented settings. AmeriChoice’s programs focus on high-prevalence and debilitating illnesses such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease, asthma, sickle cell anemia, diabetes, cancer and high-risk pregnancy. AmeriChoice utilizes specific disease management programs for asthma, diabetes, congestive heart failure, sickle cell anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, special needs, HIV and high-risk obstetrical and maternal management. In addition, AmeriChoice’s Healthy First Steps program is based on the premise that early identification and assessment of high-risk pregnancies and subsequent care by an obstetrician will help minimize premature deliveries and complications with premature babies.

 

For physicians, the AmeriChoice Personal Care Model means assistance with coordination of their patients’ care. AmeriChoice utilizes sophisticated telemedicine tools in inner city, public sector health care programs to support care management. This technology enables nurses and physicians to monitor important vital signs, check medication use, assess patient status and facilitate overall care. Distinctive outreach and education programs developed by AmeriChoice with the help of leading researchers and clinicians are used to target and intervene in the illnesses most common among individuals served by AmeriChoice, and are intended to ensure preventive interventions and well-child care. AmeriChoice utilizes advanced and unique pharmacy services—including benefit design, generic drug incentive programs, drug utilization review and preferred drug list development—to help optimize the use of pharmaceuticals and concurrently contain pharmacy expenditures to levels appropriate to the specific clinical situations. For state customers, the AmeriChoice Personal Care Model means increased access to care and improved quality, in a measurable system that reduces their administrative burden and lowers their costs. AmeriChoice uses advanced technology applications to support efficient, reliable and scalable business processes.

 

AmeriChoice considers a variety of factors in determining in which state programs to participate, including the state’s experience and consistency of support for its Medicaid program in terms of service innovation and

 

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funding, the population base in the state, the willingness of the physician/provider community to participate with the AmeriChoice Personal Care Model and the presence of community-based organizations AmeriChoice can work with to meets the needs of individuals. Using these criteria, AmeriChoice entered one new market in 2004 and is examining several other markets. Conversely, during the past three years, AmeriChoice has exited several markets because of reimbursement issues or lack of consistent direction and support.

 

SPECIALIZED CARE SERVICES

 

The Specialized Care Services (“SCS”) companies offer a comprehensive platform of specialty health and wellness and ancillary benefits, services and resources to specific customer markets nationwide. These products and services include employee benefit offerings, provider networks and related resources focusing on behavioral health and substance abuse, dental, vision, disease management, complex and chronic illness and care facilitation. The SCS companies also offer solutions in the areas of complementary and alternative care, employee assistance, short-term disability, life insurance, work life balance and health-related information. These services are designed to simplify the consumer health care experience and facilitate efficient health care delivery.

 

Specialized Care Services’ products are marketed under several different brands to employers, government programs, health insurers and other intermediaries, and individual consumers, and through affiliates such as Ovations, UnitedHealthcare and Uniprise. SCS also distributes products on a private label basis, allowing unaffiliated health plans, insurance companies, third-party administrators and similar institutions to deliver products and services to their customers under their brands. Specialized Care Services offers its products both on an administrative fee basis, where it manages and administers benefit claims for self-insured customers in exchange for a fixed service fee per individual served, and a risk-based basis, where Specialized Care Services assumes responsibility for health care and income replacement costs in exchange for a fixed monthly premium per individual served. Specialized Care Services’ simple, modular service designs can be easily integrated to meet varying health plan, employer and consumer needs at a wide range of price points. Approximately 60% of consumers served by Specialized Care Services receive their major medical health benefits from a source other than a UnitedHealth Group affiliate.

 

The SCS companies are divided into four operating groups: Specialty Health and Well-Being; Consumer Care Services; Personal Health Services; and Group Insurance Services.

 

Specialty Health and Wellness

 

The Specialty Health and Wellness group provides services and products for benefits commonly found in comprehensive medical benefit plans. United Behavioral Health (“UBH”) and its subsidiaries provide behavioral health care, substance abuse programs and psychiatric disability benefit management services. UBH’s customers buy its care management services and access its large national network of 61,000 clinicians and counselors. UBH serves more than 22 million individuals.

 

ACN Group (“ACN”) and its affiliates provide benefit administration, network management and access to chiropractic, physical therapy and other complementary and alternative care services along with access to a network of contracted health professionals. ACN serves approximately 19 million consumers.

 

LifeEra offers employee assistance, work life and other products to assist individuals in managing personal issues while seeking to increase employee productivity. LifeEra serves nearly 16 million consumers through programs developed in consultation with employers, government agencies and other affinity plans.

 

Consumer Care Services

 

Dental and vision benefits are offered and managed through the Consumer Care Services group. Spectera and its subsidiaries administer vision benefits for more than 9 million people enrolled in employer sponsored benefit

 

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plans. Spectera works to build productive relationships with vision care professionals, retailers, employer groups and benefit consultants. Spectera’s national network includes approximately 19,000 vision professionals.

 

Dental Benefit Providers (“DBP”) and its affiliates provide dental benefit management and related services to 4 million individuals through a network of approximately 65,000 dentists. DBP’s products are distributed to commercial and government markets, both directly and through unaffiliated insurers and its UnitedHealth Group affiliates.

 

Personal Health Services

 

SCS’ Personal Health Services group provides a continuum of individualized specialty health and wellness solutions from health information to case and disease management for complex, chronic and rare medical conditions. Through Optum, Specialized Care Services delivers personalized care and condition management, health assessments, longitudinal care management, disease management, and health information assistance, support and related services. Utilizing evidence-based medicine, technology and specially trained nurses, Optum facilitates effective and efficient health care delivery by helping its 24 million consumers address daily living concerns, make informed health care decisions, and become more effective health care purchasers.

 

United Resource Networks provides support services and affordable access to approximately 160 medical centers in the areas of organ transplantation, complex cancer, congenital heart disease, kidney analysis and reproductive services to approximately 46 million individuals through more than 2,300 payers. United Resource Networks negotiates competitive rates with medical centers that have been designated as “Centers of Excellence” based on satisfaction of clinical standards, including patient volumes and outcomes, medical team credentials and experience, and support services.

 

Group Insurance Services

 

Life, critical illness and short-term disability insurance, along with cost management products and services for health plans and employers, are distributed through Group Insurance Services. Unimerica Workplace Benefits provides integrated short-term disability, critical illness and group life insurance products to employers’ benefit programs. National Benefit Resources (“NBR”) distributes and administers medical stop loss insurance covering self-funded employer benefit plans. Through a network of third party administrators, brokers and consultants, NBR markets stop-loss insurance throughout the United States. NBR also distributes products and services on behalf of its SCS affiliates, URN and Optum. Disability Consulting Group offers products in the short-term disability insurance market.

 

INGENIX

 

Ingenix offers database and data management services, software products, publications, consulting services, outsourced services and pharmaceutical services on a nationwide and international basis. Ingenix’s customers include more than 3,000 hospitals, 250,000 physicians, 2,000 payers and intermediaries, 130 Fortune 500 companies, and 150 pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, as well as other UnitedHealth Group businesses. Ingenix is engaged in the simplification of health care administration by providing products and services that help customers correctly and efficiently document, code and bill for reimbursement for the delivery of care services. Ingenix is a leader in clinical research, health education services, publications, and pharmacoeconomics, outcomes, safety and epidemiology research through its i3 Research and i3 Magnifi businesses.

 

Ingenix’s products and services are sold primarily through a direct sales force focused on specific customers and market segments across the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, employer, government, hospital, physician and payer market segments. Ingenix’s products are also supported and distributed through an array of alliance and business partnerships with other technology vendors, who integrate and interface its products with their applications.

 

The Ingenix companies are divided into two operating groups: information services and pharmaceutical services.

 

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Information Services

 

Ingenix’s diverse product offerings help clients strengthen health care administration and advance health care outcomes. These products include health care utilization reporting and analytics, physician clinical performance benchmarking, clinical data warehousing, analysis and management responses for medical cost trends, decision-support portals for evaluation of health benefits and treatment options and claims management tools for administrative error and cost reduction. Ingenix uses proprietary software applications that manage clinical and administrative data across diverse information technology environments. Ingenix also uses proprietary predictive algorithmic applications to help clients detect and act on repetitive health care patterns in large data sets.

 

Ingenix also provides other services on an outsourced basis, such as physician credentialing, provider directories, HEDIS reporting, and fraud and abuse detection and prevention services. Ingenix also offers consulting services, including actuarial and financial advisory work through its Reden & Anders division, as well as product development, provider contracting and medical policy management. Ingenix publishes print and electronic media products that provide customers with information regarding medical claims coding, reimbursement, billing and compliance issues.

 

Pharmaceutical Services

 

Ingenix’s pharmaceutical services division helps to coordinate and manage clinical trials for pharmaceutical products in development for pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device manufacturers. Ingenix’s focus is to help pharmaceutical and biotechnology customers effectively and efficiently get drug and medical device data to appropriate regulatory bodies and to improve health outcomes through integrated information, analysis, and technology. Ingenix capabilities and efforts focus on the entire range of product assessment, through commercialization of life-cycle management services—pipeline assessment, market access and product positioning, clinical trials, economic epidemiology, safety and outcomes research, medical education and promotion. Ingenix services include global clinical research services, protocol development, investigator identification and training, regulatory assistance, project management, data management, biostatistical analysis, quality assurance, medical writing and staffing resource services. Ingenix’s pharmaceutical clinical research operations in 45 countries focus on the therapeutic development categories around oncology, the central nervous system, and infectious and pulmonary disease. Ingenix uses comprehensive, science-based evaluation and analysis and benchmarking services to support pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device development. Ingenix also helps educate providers about pharmaceutical products through medical symposia, product communications and scientific publications.

 

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

 

Most of our health and well-being services are regulated. This regulation can vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Federal and state regulatory agencies generally have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. Changes in applicable laws and regulations are continually being considered, and the interpretation of existing laws and rules also may change periodically.

 

Federal Regulation

 

Our Health Care Services segment, which includes UnitedHealthcare, Ovations, and AmeriChoice, is subject to federal regulation. Ovations has Medicare Advantage contracts that are regulated by CMS. CMS has the right to audit performance to determine compliance with CMS contracts and regulations and the quality of care being given to members. Our Health Care Services segment also has Medicaid and State Children’s Health Insurance Program contracts that are subject to federal and state regulations regarding services to be provided to Medicaid enrollees, payment for those services, and other aspects of these programs. There are many regulations surrounding Medicare and Medicaid compliance. In addition, because a portion of Ingenix’s business includes clinical research, it is subject to regulation by the FDA. We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with the applicable laws and regulations.

 

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State Regulation

 

All of the states in which our subsidiaries offer insurance and health maintenance products regulate those products and operations. These states require periodic financial reports and establish minimum capital or restricted cash reserve requirements. Health plans and insurance companies are regulated under state insurance holding company regulations. Such regulations generally require registration with applicable state Departments of Insurance and the filing of reports that describe capital structure, ownership, financial condition, certain inter-company transactions and general business operations. Some state insurance holding company laws and regulations require prior regulatory approval of acquisitions and material inter-company transfers of assets, as well as transactions between the regulated companies and their parent holding companies or affiliates. In addition, some of our business and related activities may be subject to preferred provider organization (“PPO”), managed care organization (“MCO”) or TPA-related regulations and licensure requirements. These regulations differ from state to state, but generally contain network, contracting, product and rate, financial and reporting requirements. There are laws and regulations that set specific standards for delivery of services, payment of claims, protection of consumer health information and covered benefits and services. Additionally, states have begun to focus their anti-fraud efforts on insurance companies and health maintenance organizations. Some states now require filing and approval of anti-fraud plans and may monitor compliance as part of a market conduct examination. We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with the applicable laws and regulations.

 

HIPAA

 

The administrative simplification provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended (“HIPAA”), apply to both the group and individual health insurance markets, including self-funded employee benefit plans. Federal regulations promulgated pursuant to HIPAA are now effective. These regulations include minimum standards for electronic transactions and code sets, and for the privacy and security of protected health information. We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with these regulations. New standards for national provider and employer identifiers are currently being implemented by regulators. We have been and intend to remain in compliance in all material respects with these regulations. Additionally, different approaches to HIPAA’s provisions and varying enforcement philosophies in the different states may adversely affect our ability to standardize our products and services across state lines.

 

ERISA

 

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), regulates how goods and services are provided to or through certain types of employer-sponsored health benefit plans. ERISA is a set of laws and regulations subject to periodic interpretation by the United States Department of Labor as well as the federal courts. ERISA places controls on how our business units may do business with employers who sponsor employee benefit health plans, particularly those that maintain self-funded plans. We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with applicable ERISA regulations.

 

Audits and Investigations

 

We typically have and are currently involved in various governmental investigations, audits, and reviews. These include routine, regular and special investigations, audits, and reviews by CMS, state insurance and health and welfare departments and state attorneys general, the Office of the Inspector General, the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Civil Rights, the Department of Justice and U.S. Attorneys. Such government actions can result in assessment of damages, civil or criminal fines or penalties, or other sanctions, including loss of licensure or exclusion from participation in government programs. We do not believe the results of any of the current investigations, audits or reviews, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

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International Regulation

 

Our Ingenix, Uniprise and Health Care Services segments have limited international operations. These international operations are subject to different legal and regulatory requirements in different jurisdictions, including various tax, tariff and trade regulations, as well as employment, intellectual property and investment rules and laws. We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with applicable laws.

 

COMPETITION

 

As a diversified health and well-being services company we operate in highly competitive markets. Our competitors include managed health care companies, insurance companies, third party administrators and business services outsourcing companies, health care providers that have formed networks to directly contract with employers, specialty benefit providers, government entities, and various information and consulting companies. For our Uniprise and Health Care Services businesses, competitors include Aetna Inc., Cigna Corporation, Coventry Health Care, Inc., Humana Inc., PacifiCare Health Systems, Inc., WellChoice, Inc., and WellPoint, Inc., numerous for-profit and not-for-profit organizations operating under licenses from the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association and other enterprises concentrated in more limited geographic areas. Our Specialized Care Services and Ingenix business segments also compete with a number of businesses. New entrants into the markets in which we compete, as well as consolidation within these markets, also contribute to a competitive environment. We believe the principal competitive factors that can impact our businesses relate to the sales and pricing of our products and services; product innovation; consumer satisfaction; the level and quality of products and services; care delivery; network capabilities; market share; product distribution systems; efficiency of administration operations; financial strength and marketplace reputation.

 

EMPLOYEES

 

As of December 31, 2004, we employed approximately 40,000 individuals. We believe our employee relations are positive.

 

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

Name


   Age

  

Position


  

First Elected as

Executive Officer


William W. McGuire, M.D.

   56   

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

   1988

Stephen J. Hemsley

   52   

President, Chief Operating Officer and Director

   1997

Patrick J. Erlandson

   45   

Chief Financial Officer

   2001

David J. Lubben

   53   

General Counsel and Secretary

   1996

Richard H. Anderson

   49   

Executive Vice President, UnitedHealth Group and

Chief Executive Officer, Ingenix

   2005

Tracy L. Bahl

   42   

Chief Executive Officer, Uniprise

   2004

William A. Munsell

   53   

Chief Executive Officer, Specialized Care Services

   2004

Lois E. Quam

   43   

Chief Executive Officer, Ovations

   1998

Robert J. Sheehy

   47   

Chief Executive Officer, UnitedHealthcare

   2001

David S. Wichmann

   42   

President and Chief Operating Officer,

UnitedHealthcare, and Senior Vice President,

UnitedHealth Group

   2004

 

Our Board of Directors elects executive officers annually. Our executive officers serve until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

 

Dr. McGuire is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of UnitedHealth Group. Dr. McGuire joined UnitedHealth Group as Executive Vice President in November 1988 and became its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in 1991. Dr. McGuire also served as UnitedHealth Group’s Chief Operating Officer from May 1989 to June 1995 and as its President from November 1989 until May 1999.

 

Mr. Hemsley is the President and Chief Operating Officer of UnitedHealth Group and has been a member of the Board of Directors since February 2000. Mr. Hemsley joined UnitedHealth Group in May 1997 as Senior Executive Vice President. He became Chief Operating Officer in September 1998 and was named President in May 1999.

 

Mr. Erlandson joined UnitedHealth Group in 1997 as Vice President of Process, Planning, and Information Channels. He became Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in September 1998 and was named Chief Financial Officer in January 2001.

 

Mr. Lubben joined UnitedHealth Group in October 1996 as General Counsel and Secretary. Prior to joining UnitedHealth Group, he was a partner in the law firm of Dorsey & Whitney LLP.

 

Mr. Anderson joined UnitedHealth Group in November 2004 as Executive Vice President and was named Chief Executive Officer, Ingenix in January 2005. From April 2001 until November 2004, Mr. Anderson served as the Chief Executive Officer of Northwest Airlines Corporation. Mr. Anderson served in various other capacities at Northwest Airlines from 1990 until April 2001.

 

Mr. Bahl joined UnitedHealth Group in August 1998 and was named Chief Executive Officer, Uniprise in March 2004. From January 2003 until March 2004, Mr. Bahl was UnitedHealth Group’s Chief Marketing Officer, and from August 1998 until December 2002, he was the President of Uniprise Strategic Solutions.

 

Mr. Munsell joined UnitedHealth Group in 1997 and was named Chief Executive Officer, Specialized Care Services in November 2004. From February 2003 to June 2004, Mr. Munsell served as the Chief Administrative Officer, UnitedHealthcare, after serving as Chief Operating Officer, UnitedHealthcare since February 2000. From August 1997 to January 2000, Mr. Munsell served as Chief Financial Officer, UnitedHealthcare.

 

Ms. Quam joined UnitedHealth Group in 1989 and became the Chief Executive Officer of Ovations in April 1998. Prior to April 1998, Ms. Quam served in various capacities with UnitedHealth Group.

 

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Mr. Sheehy joined UnitedHealth Group in 1992 and became Chief Executive Officer of UnitedHealthcare in January 2001. From April 1998 to December 2000, he was President of UnitedHealthcare. Prior to April 1998, Mr. Sheehy served in various capacities with UnitedHealth Group.

 

Mr. Wichmann joined UnitedHealth Group in 1998 and became President and Chief Operating Officer, UnitedHealthcare in July 2004. From June 2003 to July 2004, Mr. Wichmann served as the Chief Executive Officer, Specialized Care Services. From 2001 to June 2003, he was President and Chief Operating Officer, Specialized Care Services. From March 1998 to July 2004, Mr. Wichmann also served as Senior Vice President of Corporate Development.

 

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

 

As of December 31, 2004, we leased approximately 7.7 million and owned approximately 1.1 million aggregate square feet of space in the United States and Europe. Our leases expire at various dates through May 31, 2025. Our various segments use this space exclusively for their respective business purposes and we believe these current facilities are suitable for their respective uses and are adequate for our anticipated future needs.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

See Item 7—“Legal Matters” and Item 8—Note 12 “Commitments and Contingencies”—“Government Regulation,” which are incorporated by reference herein.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

None.

 

PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 

Market Prices

 

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol UNH. On February 15, 2005, there were 14,227 registered holders of record of our common stock. The high and low common stock prices per share were as follows:

 

     High

   Low

2005

             

First quarter (through 2/15/05)

   $ 91.80    $ 85.25

2004

             

First quarter

   $ 64.50    $ 55.45

Second quarter

   $ 68.50    $ 58.61

Third quarter

   $ 74.75    $ 59.34

Fourth quarter

   $ 88.76    $ 64.61

2003

             

First quarter

   $ 46.35    $ 39.20

Second quarter

   $ 52.67    $ 44.10

Third quarter

   $ 56.25    $ 47.25

Fourth quarter

   $ 58.67    $ 47.58

 

Dividend Policy

 

Our Board of Directors established our dividend policy in August 1990. The policy requires the Board to review the company’s financial statements following the end of each fiscal year and decide whether it is advisable to declare a dividend on the outstanding shares of common stock. Shareholders of record on April 1, 2004 received an annual dividend for 2004 of $0.03 per share and shareholders of record on April 1, 2003 received an annual dividend for 2003 of $0.015 per share. On February 1, 2005, the Board approved an annual dividend of $0.03 per share. The dividend will be paid on April 18, 2005 to shareholders of record on April 1, 2005.

 

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (1)

Fourth Quarter 2004

 

For the Month Ended


  

(a) Total Number of

Shares Purchased


  

(b) Average Price

Paid per Share


  

(c) Total Number

of Shares