SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS
PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-11263
Exide Technologies
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
| Delaware | 23-0552730 | |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
Crossroads Corporate Center, 3150 Brunswick Pike, Suite 230 Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648
Telephone: (609) 512-3000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value
Warrants to subscribe for Common Stock
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the Registrants old voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of September 30, 2003, based on the average bid and asked prices of the Registrants old common stock on the over-the-counter market on such date of $0.03 per share, was approximately $684,577.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to distribution of securities confirmed by a Court. Yes x No ¨
As of June 24, 2004, there were outstanding 23,414,327 shares of the Registrants new common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||
| Item 1 |
4 | |||||
| Item 2 |
14 | |||||
| Item 3 |
16 | |||||
| Item 4 |
19 | |||||
| PART II | ||||||
| Item 5 |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
20 | ||||
| Item 6 |
21 | |||||
| Item 7 |
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
22 | ||||
| Item 7A |
41 | |||||
| Item 8 |
42 | |||||
| Item 9 |
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
42 | ||||
| Item 9A |
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
42 | ||||
| PART III | ||||||
| Item 10 |
43 | |||||
| Item 11 |
46 | |||||
| Item 12 |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT |
51 | ||||
| Item 13 |
51 | |||||
| PART IV | ||||||
| Item 14 |
51 | |||||
| Item 15 |
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K |
52 | ||||
| 53 | ||||||
| F-1 | ||||||
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE SAFE HARBOR
PROVISION OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
Except for historical information, this report may be deemed to contain forward-looking statements. The Company desires to avail itself of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act) and is including this cautionary statement for the express purpose of availing itself of the protection afforded by the Act.
Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to (a) projections of revenues, cost of raw materials, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, capital expenditures, growth prospects, dividends, the effect of currency translations, capital structure and other financial items, (b) statements of plans of and objectives of the Company or its management or Board of Directors, including the introduction of new products, or estimates or predictions of actions by customers, suppliers, competitors or regulating authorities, (c) statements of future economic performance and (d) statements of assumptions, such as the prevailing weather conditions in the Companys market areas, underlying other statements and statements about the Company or its business.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following general factors such as: (i) the Companys ability to implement business strategies and financial reorganization and restructuring plans, (ii) unseasonable weather (warm winters and cool summers) which adversely affects demand for automotive and some industrial batteries, (iii) the Companys substantial debt and debt service requirements which restrict the Companys operational and financial flexibility, as well as imposing significant interest and financing costs, (iv) the Company is subject to a number of litigation proceedings, the results of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its business, (v) the Companys assets include the tax benefits of net operating loss carry forwards, realization of which are dependent upon future taxable income, (vi) lead, which experiences significant fluctuations in market price and which, as a hazardous material, may give rise to costly environmental and safety claims, can affect the Companys results because it is a major constituent in most of the Companys products, (vii) the battery markets in North America and Europe are very competitive and, as a result, it is often difficult to maintain margins, (viii) the Companys consolidation and rationalization of acquired entities requires substantial management time and financial and other resources and is not without risk, (ix) foreign operations involve risks such as disruption of markets, changes in import and export laws, currency restrictions and currency exchange rate fluctuations, (x) the Company is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on our variable debt which can affect the Companys results, (xi) general economic conditions, (xii) the ability to acquire goods and services and/or fulfill labor needs at budgeted costs and (xiii) the Companys reliance on a single supplier for its polyethylene battery separators.
Therefore, the Company cautions each reader of this Report carefully to consider those factors hereinabove set forth, because such factors have, in some instances, affected and in the future could affect, the ability of the Company to achieve its projected results and may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed herein.
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PART I
Overview and General Discussion of the Business
Exide Technologies is a Delaware corporation organized in 1966 to succeed to the business of a New Jersey corporation founded in 1888. Exides principal executive offices are located at Crossroads Corporate Center, 3150 Brunswick Pike, Suite 230, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648.
The Company is one of the largest manufacturers of lead acid batteries in the world, with fiscal 2004 net sales of approximately $2.5 billion. The Companys European, North American and Asia Pacific operations represented approximately 53%, 41% and 6%, respectively, of fiscal 2004 net sales. Exide manufactures and supplies lead acid batteries for transportation and industrial applications worldwide
Unless otherwise indicated, references to any fiscal year means the year ended March 31 of that year (e.g., fiscal 2004 refers to the period beginning April 1, 2003 and ending March 31, 2004, fiscal 2003 refers to the period beginning April 1, 2002 and ending March 31, 2003 and fiscal 2002 refers to the period beginning April 1, 2001 and ending March 31, 2002). Unless the context indicates otherwise, the Company, Exide, we or us refer to Exide Technologies and its subsidiaries.
Emergence from Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Protection
On April 15, 2002, Exide Technologies, together with certain of its U.S. subsidiaries, filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy laws (Bankruptcy Code or Chapter 11) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (Bankruptcy Court). On November 21, 2002, two additional wholly owned, non-operating subsidiaries of Exide filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the Bankruptcy Court. All of the cases were jointly administered for procedural purposes before the Bankruptcy Court under case number 02-11125KJC.
Exide Technologies and such subsidiaries (the Debtors) continued to operate their businesses and manage their properties as debtors-in-possession throughout the course of the bankruptcy case. The Debtors, along with the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors, filed a Joint Plan of Reorganization (the Plan) with the Bankruptcy Court on February 27, 2004 and, on April 21, 2004, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Plan. The Debtors declared May 5, 2004 as the effective date of the Plan, and substantially consummated the transactions provided for in the Plan on such date (the Effective Date).
The following is a summary of certain transactions which became effective on the Effective Date pursuant to consummation of the Plan. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the full text of the Plan, as well as technical amendments to the Plan, which were filed as Exhibits 2.1 and 2.2 to the Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2004.
| | Except to the extent otherwise provided in the Plan, all notes, instruments, certificates, and other documents evidencing (i) the Companys 10% senior notes due 2005, (ii) the Companys 2.9% convertible notes due 2005, (iii) equity interests in the Debtors, including, but not limited to, all issued, unissued, authorized or outstanding shares or stock, together with any warrants, options or contract rights to purchase or acquire such interests at any time, were canceled, and the obligations of the Debtors thereunder or in any way related thereto were discharged. |
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| | The Company was authorized to issue (i) 25,000,000 shares of new common stock, par value $0.01 per share for distribution in accordance with the Plan, and (ii) warrants initially exercisable for 6,250,000 shares of new common stock (the Warrants). Pursuant to the terms of the Plan, the common stock and Warrants are being distributed as follows: |
| | holders of pre-petition Senior Secured Global Credit Facility claims received collectively 22,500,000 shares of new common stock; and |
| | holders of general unsecured claims received collectively 2,500,000 shares of new common stock and Warrants to purchase 6,250,000 shares of new common stock at $32.11 per share, with approximately 13.4% of such new common stock and Warrants to be reserved for distribution for disputed claims under the Plans claim reconciliation and allowance procedures. |
Under the claims reconciliation and allowance process set forth in the Plan, the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors, in consultation with the Company, established the reserve to provide for a pro rata distribution to holders of disputed claims as they become allowed. Although predictions regarding the allowance and classification of claims are inherently difficult to make, based on the Companys review to date of the available information, the Company believes the reserve is reasonable and adequate. To the extent the reserved shares of new common stock and Warrants are insufficient to provide such payment, the Company may issue additional shares of new common stock and Warrants. In that event, the Company will also issue shares of new common stock to the holders of pre-petition credit facility claims sufficient to preserve the relative value of their recoveries under the terms of the Plan.
| | Holders of administrative claims, claims derived from the Companys $500 million secured super priority debtor-in-possession credit agreement and priority tax claims are being paid in full in cash pursuant to the terms of the Plan. |
| | The Company adopted an Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws which were previously filed as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 to the Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2004. |
| | The Company entered into a Warrant Agreement which was previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2004. |
| | The Companys Board of Directors was reconstituted to consist of seven members, as specified in the Plan. Information on the members of the Companys Board is contained in Part III herein. |
Narrative Description of Business
The Companys strategic focus is the manufacture and supply of lead acid batteries, associated equipment and services for transportation and industrial customers worldwide. Exide has three primary business segments: Transportation, Motive Power and Network Power.
Transportation Segment
Transportation batteries represented approximately 63% of the Companys net sales for fiscal 2004.
Transportation batteries include starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) batteries for cars, trucks, off-road vehicles, agricultural and construction vehicles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, boats and other applications. The market for transportation batteries is divided between sales to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and aftermarket customers. In North America, Exide is the second largest manufacturer of transportation batteries. In Europe, Exide is the largest manufacturer of transportation batteries. The Company markets its products under various trademarks.
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The Companys primary North American transportation aftermarket battery products include the following:
| Exide® |
enhanced power cold cranking amps and a 72 month warranty | |
| Exide NASCAR Select® |
officially licensed by NASCAR | |
| Exide Select Orbital® |
can be recharged in less time than needed for conventional batteries, and has high power output and superior vibration resistance compared with a conventional lead acid battery | |
| Champion® |
enhanced power cold cranking amps and a 72 month warranty | |
| Champion Trailblazer® |
targeted at light trucks and sport utility vehicles | |
In Europe, Exide has five major Company-owned brands: Exide® and Tudor®, promoted as pan-European brands, and Deta®, Centra and Fulmen®, which have strong local awareness levels. The Company generally offers transportation batteries in five basic categories:
| Basic Model |
marketed under private label brand names in France, Germany and Spain, under the Basic name in Italy and under various names in other markets | |
| Upgrade Model |
marketed under the Classic® mark, which carries a 24 month warranty and marketed under the Equipe name in France, the Classic® name in Germany, the Leader name in Italy, the Tudor® name in Spain and under various other names in other markets | |
| Premium Model |
marketed under the Ultra brand in the United Kingdom, the Formula name in France, the Top Start Plus name in Germany, the Ultra name in Italy, the Millennium 3 name in Spain and under various other names in other markets | |
| STR/STE |
approved for use by BMW and was included in some models beginning with the 2000 model year | |
| Maxxima |
the equivalent of the Exide Select Orbital® | |
Batteries used for marine and recreational vehicles include the following:
| Stowaway Nautilus® |
employ technology to satisfy the power requirements of large engines, sophisticated electronics and on-board accessories | |
| Exide Select Orbital® Marine |
brings all the advantages of Exides patented spiral wound technology to the marine market, and maintains nearly a full charge during the off-season, and can be quickly recharged. This battery is also sealed, making it ideal for closed environments (such as inside a boat hull) | |
| Stowaway Powercycler® |
a completely sealed, VRLA battery with AGM technology and prismatic plates that offers features and benefits similar to the Exide Select Orbital®, and was the first sealed, AGM battery introduced in the marine battery market | |
| Nautilus® Gold Dual Purpose Stowaway® Dual Purpose |
a combination battery, replacing separate starting and deep cycle batteries in two-battery marine and recreational vehicle systems | |
| Nautilus® Mega Cycle® Stowaway® Deep Cycle |
a high performance, dual terminal battery | |
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Most of the Companys transportation batteries are vented, maintenance-free lead acid batteries. However, the Companys Exide Select Orbital® and Maxxima batteries have a patented spiral wound technology and state-of-the-art recombinant design. Additionally, the Companys STR/STE batteries use recombination technology to allow a lead acid battery to be installed in the passenger compartment of a vehicle with reduced fluid loss and acid fumes under normal operating conditions.
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Market
The OEM market consists of the sale of batteries to manufacturers of automobiles and light trucks, commercial vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, buses and off-road agricultural and construction vehicles and numerous niche markets, such as marine, military equipment and motorcycles.
The Companys major OEM customers include DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor Company, Toyota, Kenworth, Peterbilt, John Deere International, Case/New Holland, Fiat, Volkswagen Group, the PSA group (Peugeot S.A./Citroen), Renault/Nissan and BMW.
The factors affecting the OEM market include consumer demand for passenger cars, light trucks and sport utility vehicles, consolidation in the automotive industry, globalization of OEM procurement activities and competition.
Aftermarket
The Company sells aftermarket batteries in North America through automotive parts and specialty retailers, OEM dealer networks, mass merchandisers, car and truck dealers, and wholesale distributors who supply service stations, repair shops, automotive and farm-equipment dealers and small retailers. The Company also provides transportation batteries for commercial applications, such as trucks, farm equipment, tractors and off-road vehicles, as well as batteries for marine, lawn and garden and motorcycle applications.
The Companys North American aftermarket operations include a Company-owned branch network. This branch network, throughout the United States and Canada, sells and distributes batteries and other products to local auto parts retailers, service stations, repair shops, fleet operators, battery specialists and installers. Exides branches may also deliver batteries to the Companys national account customers retail stores and OEM dealers and collect used and spent batteries for recycling.
The Company sells aftermarket batteries in Europe primarily through battery wholesalers, OEM dealer networks, hypermarkets, service installers, European purchasing groups and oil companies. Wholesalers and OEM dealers have traditionally represented the majority of this market, but supermarket chains, replacement-parts stores (represented by purchasing groups) and hypermarkets have become increasingly important. Battery wholesalers now sell and distribute batteries to a network of automotive parts retailers, service stations, independent retailers and supermarkets throughout Europe.
The Companys major aftermarket customers include NAPA, Wal-Mart, Sams Club, Kmart, CSK Inc., ADI, GAU, Kwik Fit and many other leading aftermarket battery distributors. Exide is also a supplier of authorized replacement batteries for DaimlerChrysler, Mopar, Freightliner and John Deere International.
The factors influencing demand for conventional automotive replacement batteries include the following: (1) the number of vehicles in use; (2) average battery life; (3) the average age of vehicles and their operating environment; (4) weather conditions; and (5) population growth and overall economic conditions. Aftermarket demand is not affected by the cyclical nature of new vehicle demand. The replacement market is also larger in general than the original equipment segment, since automotive batteries tend to require replacement periodically during the operating life of a vehicle.
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Motive Power Segment
Sales of motive power batteries represented approximately 20% of the Companys net sales for fiscal 2004. Exide is a market leader in this segment of the worldwide industrial battery market.
Product reliability and responsive customer service are very important attributes in the motive power market.
The largest application for motive power batteries is the materials handling industry, including forklifts, electric counter balance trucks, pedestrian pallet trucks, low level order pickers, turret trucks, tow tractors, reach trucks and very narrow aisle (VNA) trucks. Other market segments include scrubber/dryer and sweeper machines in the floor cleaning market, scissor lifts, access platforms and telescopic zooms in the access market, buggies and carts in the golf market, mobility equipment in the wheelchair market, mining locomotives, electric road vehicles, electric boats and non-military submersible vehicles. Exide also offers a complete range of battery chargers and associated equipment for the operation and maintenance of battery-powered vehicles.
Exides motive power batteries are composed of two-volt cells assembled in numerous configurations and sizes to provide capacities ranging from 30 Ah to 1500 Ah. The Company also manufactures and markets a range of 6 and 12 volt monobloc batteries. Exide offers conventional vented lead acid technology utilizing tubular positive-plate and flat plate cell design. Exide also offers a range of lead acid battery technologies to meet a wide spectrum of customer application requirements.
In North America, motive power products are sold primarily to independent lift truck dealers or directly to national accounts or end users. The motive power battery market in Europe is divided into the OEM market, comprised of the manufacturers of electric vehicles, and the replacement market, which includes large users of such electric vehicles as well as original equipment dealer networks. The majority of the Companys sales in Europe are directly to OEMs.
Motive power products and services are distributed in North America by Company-owned sales and service locations which are augmented by a network of independent manufacturers representatives who provide local service on their own behalf. In Europe, the Company distributes motive power products and services through Company-owned sales and service organizations in each country and utilizes distributors and agents for export of products from Europe to the rest of the world.
In North America, the Companys primary motive power customers include Nacco, Crown, Wal-Mart, Kroger and Target. In Europe, our major original equipment motive power customers include the Linde Group, Junghreinrich Group and BT Toyota. Motive power products in Europe are also sold to a wide range of customers in the aftermarket, ranging from large industrial companies and retail distributors to small warehouse and manufacturing operations.
The European and North American motive power markets are influenced by the demand for materials handling equipment. Customer demand for materials handling equipment has a strong historical correlation to general economic conditions. The general economic environment in these geographic regions in fiscal 2004 has reduced the overall demand for materials handling equipment and replacement batteries.
Network Power Segment
Sales of network power batteries, another segment of the industrial battery market, represented approximately 17% of the Companys net sales for fiscal 2004.
Network power (also known as standby or stationary) batteries are used for back-up power applications to ensure continuous power supply in case of main (primary) power failure or outage. Todays examples of where network power batteries are used to provide backup power include telecommunications, computers, hospitals,
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process control, air traffic control, security systems, utility, railway and military applications. Network power batteries also serve as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) used in computer installations for banks, airlines and back-up servers for wireless networks. Other telecommunications applications include central and local switching systems, satellite stations, optical fiber repeating boxes, cable TV transmission boxes and radio transmission stations. In these applications, the batteries are usually packaged with a 48V DC power system.
There are two primary network power lead acid battery technologies: valve-regulated (VRLA, or sealed) and vented (flooded). There are two types of VRLA technologiesGEL and AGM. These technologies are described as follows:
| VRLA: GEL: |
This technology utilizes a gel electrolyte. VRLA batteries have replaced other types of network power batteries because they enhance safety, reduce maintenance and can be used in both vertical and horizontal positions. The Sonnenschein® gel technology offers the advantages of high reliability and long life. The gel product range offers a wide range of capabilities such as heat resistance, deep discharge resistance, long shelf life and high cyclic performance. | |
| VRLA: AGM: |
This technology utilizes an electrolyte immobilized in an absorbent glass mat separator. This technology is particularly well adapted to high rate applications and can offer up to a 20-year design life. | |
| Vented (Flooded): |
This technology is used in applications requiring high reliability but with the ability to allow for regular maintenance. The basic construction involves positive flat or tubular positive plates. Transparent containers and accessible internal construction are features of these batteries that allow end users to check the batterys physical condition. | |
Customers for network power batteries for telecommunications applications include manufacturers of switches and other equipment and the system operators. UPS battery customers consist of system manufacturers and end users. Performance in this market is impacted by the demand for computer systems. Other customers served by Exide include electrical generating companies, as well as government and military users.
The Company offers a global product line which is being marketed under the following five brands associated with product type and technology:
| Absolyte®: |
Large 2-volt cells, incorporating AGM technology, for long duration (e.g. telecommunications) and short duration applications | |
| Marathon®: |
Multi-cell AGM monobloc batteries for long duration applications | |
| Sprinter®: |
Multi-cell AGM monobloc batteries for short duration applications | |
| Sonnenschein®: |
Multi-cell monoblocs and 2-volt cells, incorporating primarily Gel technology | |
| Classic®: |
Primarily 2-volt and some multi-cell vented (or flooded) products for a wide range of applications | |
Exides major network power battery customers for telecommunications services include AT&T, China Unicom, Cingular, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), Singapore Telecom, Telecom Italia, Telefonica of Spain and Verizon. Major telecommunications manufacturing customers include Alcatel, Ericsson, Marconi, Emerson, Nortel, Motorola and Nokia. UPS manufacturing and end user customers include MGE and Siemens. Exide is also one of the leading suppliers of submarine batteries to the navies of Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. Exide is the sole supplier to the U.S. Navy for submarine batteries.
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Given the importance of service and technical assistance, the Company generally delivers network power batteries directly to system suppliers and UPS manufacturers who include the batteries in their original equipment and distribute products to end users. Batteries are also delivered directly to end users for both systems and replacement. The Company also promotes its products through technical seminars, trade shows and technical literature.
Demand for telecommunications batteries is driven primarily by the growth in broadband and worldwide deployment of cellular and wireless mobile communication systems and the need for safe and reliable back-up power. The dramatic telecommunications industry downturn has resulted in weak demand for network power batteries since September 2001. In developing countries, markets have been growing as such countries have strong infrastructure building programs for telecommunications and power distribution.
Quality
The Company recognizes that product performance and quality are critical to its success as well as the success of all key stakeholders. Both the EXCELL (Exides Customer-focused Excellence Lean Leadership) initiative and the Companys Quality Management System are important drivers of operational excellence, which results in improved levels of quality, productivity, and delivery of goods and services to the global transportation and industrial energy markets.
EXCELL
In April 2001, the Company launched EXCELL to systematically reduce and ultimately eliminate waste and implement the concepts of continuous flow and customer pull throughout the entire Companys supply chain. The EXCELL framework, intended to implement lean production techniques and process improvements, is also designed to prioritize improvement initiatives that drive quality improvement and customer satisfaction while achieving all business objectives for the Company. The five plateaus of EXCELL achievement include Copper, Bronze, Silver, Gold and Platinum; the Platinum level indicates the threshold beyond world-class quality status where a manufacturing location generates virtually zero waste through its best practices.
Quality Management System (QMS)
The Companys QMS was developed to streamline and standardize the global quality systems so that key measurements could be evaluated to drive best practices as it continues to pursue improved EXCELL certifications across all facilities. The QMS plays a major role as the Company strives to achieve world-class product quality.
The Companys quality process begins in the design phase with an in-depth understanding of customer and application requirements. The Companys products are designed to the required performance and industry and customer quality standardsusing design processes, tools and materials to achieve reliability and durability. The Companys commitment to quality continues through the manufacturing process. The Company has quality audit processes and standards in each of its production and distribution facilities. The Company also has established Quality Continuous Improvement Teams. The Companys quality process extends throughout the entire product lifecycle and operation in service. In addition, the Company offers warranties on its products and in-service product evaluations, and conducts customer satisfaction surveys.
Most of the Companys major production facilities are approved under ISO 9000, QS 9000 or TS 16949 quality systems standards. The Company has obtained ISO 14001 EH&S certification at eight of its manufacturing plants and also has received quality certifications and awards from a number of OEM and aftermarket customers.
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Research and Development
The Company is committed to developing new and technologically advanced products, services and systems that provide superior performance and value to customers. To support this commitment, the Company focuses on developing opportunities across Exides global markets.
The Company has focused its global research and development activities into one location in Europe. Scientists and engineers at this facility are currently focused on projects to enhance the lead acid battery technology for the benefit of the entire Company.
In addition, the Company also operates a number of product and process-development centers of excellence around the world. These centers work cooperatively to define and improve the Companys product design and production processes. By leveraging this network, the Company is able to transfer technologies, product and process knowledge among its various operating facilities, thereby adapting best practices from around the world for use throughout the Company.
In addition to the Companys in-house efforts, Exide is forming alliances and collaborative partnerships to pursue system technology development. One example of this strategy is a collaborative agreement with Siemens VDO Automotive AG to develop energy-management systems for 14- and 42-volt automotive electrical and electronic architectures for the global OEM market.
The Company has established arrangements with Lear Corporation and Valeo in the transportation area and various development activities targeted at the industrial and military markets.
Patents, Trademarks and Licenses
The Company owns or has a license to use various trademarks that are valuable to the Companys business. At present the Company owns more than 450 trademarks and licenses from others the right to use fewer than 25 trademarks worldwide. While the Company believes these trademarks and trade names enhance the brand recognition of the Companys products, and are therefore important to its business, the Company does not believe any of these individually are material to the Companys business. Exide Electronics Group, Inc., an unaffiliated company, is licensed to use the Exide® name on certain devices. These licenses are not, however, material to the conduct of the Companys business or results of operations. The Company licenses the Champion® mark from Federal Mogul Corporation for use on certain transportation and industrial batteries.
The Company has generated a number of patents in the operation of its business and currently owns all or a partial interest in more than 800 patents worldwide. The Company also has more than 1,000 applications for patents pending. Although the Company believes its patents and patent applications collectively are important to the Companys business, and that technological innovation is important to its market competitiveness, currently no patent individually is material to the operation of the business or the Companys financial condition.
At the present time, the Company is not engaged to any significant extent in commercialization of its technology or brand names.
In March 2003, the Company brought legal proceedings in the Bankruptcy Court to reject certain agreements, whereby the Company licensed to EnerSys, Inc. (EnerSys) the right to use the Exide trademark on certain industrial battery products in the United States and 37 foreign countries. For further information regarding this matter, see Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Manufacturing, Raw Materials and Suppliers
Lead is the primary material used in the manufacture of lead acid batteries, representing approximately one-third of the cost of goods produced. The Company obtains substantially all of its North
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American lead requirements through the operation of the Companys six secondary lead recycling plants, which reclaim lead by recycling spent lead acid batteries. In North America, spent batteries are obtained for recycling primarily from the Companys customers, through the Company-owned branch networks and from outside spent-battery collectors. In Europe, the Companys lead requirements are principally obtained from third party suppliers.
The Company uses both polyethylene and absorbed glass microfibre (AGM) battery separators. There are a number of suppliers from whom the Company purchases AGM separators. Polyethylene separators are purchased solely from Daramic, Inc. (Daramic), with supply agreements expiring in December 2009. The agreements restrict the Companys ability to source separators from other suppliers unless there is a technical benefit that Daramic cannot provide. In addition, the agreements provide for substantial minimum annual purchase commitments. There is no real second source that could readily provide the volume of polyethylene separators used by the Company. As a result, any major disruption in supply from Daramic would have a material adverse impact on the Company.
Other key raw materials and components in the production of batteries include lead oxide, acid, steel, plastics and chemicals, which are generally available from multiple sources. The Company has not experienced any material stoppage or disruption in production as a result of the unavailability, or delays in the availability, of raw materials.
Competition
Transportation Segment
The North American and European transportation markets are highly competitive. The manufacturers in these markets compete on price, quality, technical innovation, service and warranty. Well-recognized brand names are also important for aftermarket customers who do not purchase private label batteries. Most sales are made without long-term contracts.
In the North American transportation aftermarket, the Company believes Johnson Controls has the largest market position, followed by the Company. Other principal competitors in this market are Delphi Automotive Systems and East Penn. Price competition in this market has been severe in recent years. Competition is strongest in the auto parts retail and mass merchandiser channels where large customers use their buying power to negotiate lower prices.
The Companys largest competitors in the North American OEM market are Johnson Controls and Delphi Automotive Systems. Due to technical and production qualification requirements, OEMs change battery suppliers less frequently than aftermarket customers but, because of their purchasing size, can influence market participants to compete on price and other terms.
The Company has the largest market position in Europe in automotive batteries, both aftermarket and original equipment. The Companys next largest single competitor in the automotive markets is Johnson Controls. The European battery markets, particularly in the automotive OEM area, have undergone severe price competition.
The Company expects competition to remain intense. The Company seeks to maintain and selectively grow its market position and customer base through strong brands, product technology, alliances, quality, customer service and a competitive cost structure. In addition, the Company is continuing a supply chain rationalization and overhead reduction program, as well as lean manufacturing and strategic sourcing initiatives, to better enable it to respond to changing market conditions and competitive pressures.
Motive Power Segment
The Company has the largest market share for motive power products on a global basis. The Hawker Battery Group, acquired in 2001 by EnerSys, ranks second in Europe. Other competitors in Europe include Fiamm, Hoppecke, BAE and MIDAC. The Company estimates it ranks second to EnerSys in market share in North America. In North America, the other major competitors are C&D Technologies and East Penn. In Asia,
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GS/Yuasa, Shinkobe and EnerSys are the major competitors, with GS/Yuasa being the market leader. In countries such as Brazil, China and India, the Company is currently serving these markets on a limited basis through export sales.
Quality, product performance, in-service reliability, delivery and price are important differentiators in the motive power market. Well-known brands are also important and the Companys Chloride Motive Power, Deta®, GNB, Tudor® and Sonnenschein® are among the leading brands in the world.
The Company is continuing a supply chain rationalization and overhead reduction program, as well as lean manufacturing and strategic sourcing initiatives, to better enable it to respond to the changing market conditions and competitive pressures.
Network Power Segment
EnerSys, following the acquisition of Hawker Battery Group in 2001, has the largest market share for network power batteries on a global basis with the Company ranking second in the world.
The Company estimates it ranks third to C&D Technologies and EnerSys in North America and maintains the leading share in Europe. In Asia, Yuasa has a market leadership position, which has been further strengthened following the merger of Yuasa with Japan Storage Battery, another leading Japanese battery company. Further consolidation in Japan took place with the merger of National Panasonic and Shinkobe. Competition for network power batteries has intensified given the decline in industry demand and overcapacity resulting in aggressive competition in most industry segments. Emerging Chinese battery manufacturers are increasing market share.
Quality, reliability, delivery and price are important differentiators in the network power market, along with technical innovation and responsive service. Well-known brands are also important and the Companys Absolyte®, Sonnenschein®, Marathon®, Sprinter® and Classic are among the leading brands in the world.
The Company is continuing a supply chain rationalization and overhead reduction program, as well as lean manufacturing and strategic sourcing initiatives, to better enable it to respond to the changing market conditions and competitive pressures.
Environmental, Health and Safety Matters
As a result of its manufacturing, distribution and recycling operations, the Company is subject to numerous federal, state and local environmental, occupational safety and health laws and regulations, as well as similar laws and regulations in other countries in which the Company operates (collectively EH&S laws). For a discussion of the legal proceedings relating to environmental matters, see Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Employees
Total worldwide employment was approximately 15,300 at March 31, 2004, compared to 16,100 at March 31, 2003, reflecting the impact of the Companys ongoing restructuring actions and cost reduction efforts.
North America
As of March 31, 2004, the Company employed approximately 1,500 salaried employees and approximately 4,000 hourly employees in North America, primarily in the United States. Approximately 40% of such salaried employees are engaged in sales, service, marketing and administration and approximately 60% in manufacturing and engineering. Approximately 30% of the Companys North American hourly employees are represented by unions. Relations with the unions are generally good. Contracts covering approximately 125 of the Companys union employees expire in fiscal 2005, and the remainder thereafter.
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Europe and Rest of World
As of March 31, 2004, the Company employed approximately 3,400 salaried employees and approximately 6,400 hourly employees outside of North America, primarily in Europe. Approximately 52% of such salaried employees are engaged in sales, service, marketing and administration and approximately 48% in manufacturing and engineering. The Companys hourly employees are generally represented by unions. Relations with the unions are generally good. Contracts covering most of the Companys union employees expire on various dates through fiscal 2006.
Backlog
The Companys network power and motive power order backlogs at March 31, 2004, were approximately $77 million and $45 million, respectively. The Company expects to fill most of the March 31, 2004 backlog during fiscal 2005, with backlogs for military network orders phased for delivery through 2009. The Companys transportation backlog at March 31, 2004 was not significant.
Financial Information About Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales
See Note 27 to the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere herein.
The chart below lists the location of the Companys principal facilities. All of the facilities are owned unless otherwise indicated. Most of the Companys significant U.S. properties and some of its European properties secure its financing arrangements entered into upon emergence from bankruptcy. For a description of the financing arrangements, see Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The leases for leased facilities expire at various dates through 2016.
| Location |
Approximate Footage |
Use | ||||
| North America: |
||||||
| Alpharetta, GA |
67,000 | (leased) | Executive Offices | |||
| Aurora, IL |
43,200 | (leased) | Executive Offices | |||
| Baton Rouge, LA |
176,000 | Secondary Lead Smelting | ||||
| Bristol, TN |
631,000 | Battery Manufacturing | ||||
| Cannon Hollow, MO |
137,000 | Secondary Lead Smelting | ||||
| Fort Erie, Canada |
90,000 | Distribution Center | ||||
| Fort Smith, AR |
224,000 | (leased) | Industrial Battery Manufacturing | |||
| Frisco, TX |
132,000 | Secondary Lead Smelting | ||||
| Kankakee, IL |
270,000 | Industrial Battery Manufacturing and Distribution | ||||
| Kansas City, KS |
140,000 | Industrial Battery Manufacturing | ||||
| Lampeter, PA |
82,000 | Battery Plastics Manufacturing | ||||
| Lawrenceville, NJ |
10,500 | (leased) | Executive Offices | |||
| Manchester, IA |
286,000 | Battery Manufacturing Distribution Center | ||||
| Muncie, IN |
174,000 | Secondary Lead Smelting | ||||