UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2004
or
| ¨ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number: 000-31253
PHARSIGHT CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 77-0401273 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
800 West El Camino Real
Mountain View, CA 94040
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(650) 314-3800
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| None |
None |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of September 30, 2003 was approximately $1,245,697, based on 5,416,076 shares of Common Stock, which excludes shares held by officers and directors and by each person known by the registrant to own 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock. Exclusion of shares held by any of these persons should not be construed to indicate that such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the registrant, or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant.
The number of shares of Registrants Common Stock outstanding as of May 28, 2004: 19,058,453
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The Registrant has incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K portions of its Proxy Statement for Registrants 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.
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| Item 2. |
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| Item 4. |
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| PART II | ||||
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| Item 7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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| Item 7A. |
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| Item 8. |
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| Item 9. |
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
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| Item 9A. |
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| Item 11. |
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| Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management |
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| Item 13. |
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| Item 14. |
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| Item 15. |
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K |
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by words such as may, will, should, could, expect, plan, anticipate, believe, estimate, predict, assume, potential, continue, intend, hope, can, or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including without limitation the business risks discussed under the caption Item 7Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsFactors That May Affect Future Results and Market Price of Stock in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our, or our industrys, actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activities, performance or achievements expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. These business risks should be considered in evaluating our prospects and future financial performance. Although we believe that expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Our expectations are as of the date we file this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date we file this Annual Report on Form 10-K to conform these statements to actual results, unless required by law.
General
Pharsight Corporation develops and markets software and provides strategic services that help pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies improve their efficiency and decision making, while reducing the costs and time requirements of their drug discovery, development, and commercialization efforts. Our products include proprietary software for clinical trial simulation and computer-aided trial design, for the statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of data, and for the storage, management, and regulatory reporting of derived data and models in a data repository. Both our software products and our services leverage expertise in the sciences of pharmacology, drug and disease modeling, human genetics, biostatistics and strategic decision-making. Our service offerings use this expertise to interpret and improve the design of scientific experiments and clinical trials, and to optimize clinical trial design and portfolio decisions. By integrating scientific, clinical, and business decision criteria into a dynamic model-based methodology, we help our customers to optimize the value of their drug development programs and portfolios from discovery to post-launch marketing and any point in between. We use computer-based drug-disease models, dynamic predictive market models, clinical trial simulation and advanced valuation models to create a continuously evolving view of our customers development efforts and product portfolios.
We believe that our products and services help pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies reduce the time, cost and risk of drug development activities, and may improve the marketing and use of pharmaceutical products. Our products and services are designed to help our customers use a more rigorous scientific and statistical process to identify earlier those drug candidates that will not be successful, to enhance the likelihood that the remaining candidates will successfully complete clinical trials and to maximize marketing impact upon approval. This is significant because the process of taking a drug through clinical development has remained lengthy and unpredictable while the productivity of discovery research has accelerated dramatically in recent years.
Eighteen of the worlds largest 20 pharmaceutical companies utilize our strategic services, the worlds largest 20 pharmaceutical companies apply our computer-assisted drug development products, and our software applications are currently licensed for use on more than 2,900 researcher desktops.
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We believe our products and services provide the following benefits to customers:
| | Reduced time required for understanding clinical trial data and for producing analyses and regulatory reporting required for drug approval; |
| | More effective trial designs with higher probability of success and greater information yield; |
| | More rapid and objective decision-making with quantified assessment of value versus risk; |
| | Improved workflow and organizational efficiency with faster regulatory acceptance of trial results; |
| | More efficient development programs requiring fewer clinical trials and patients, less time and lower cost to reach market; and |
| | Strengthened competitive position due to improved product labels. |
The following illustrates several typical customer applications of our software products and services:
| | In designing phase II clinical trials, companies often face significant uncertainty in selecting the appropriate doses to test. Our products and services integrate information from phase I and pre-clinical activities, information concerning related drugs that have been developed by the customer, information in the scientific literature about other drugs in the same therapeutic area, and knowledge of the relevant physiological and disease processes. This information, along with carefully identified assumptions, is used to develop a mathematical model enabling a computer simulation of the proposed trial. Using this approach, customers are often able to identify proposed doses that have little chance of success and should be excluded, or to identify additional doses that are more likely to yield important information. |
| | In designing phase III clinical trials, companies often face significant uncertainty concerning the most appropriate treatment strategy, patient inclusion/exclusion criteria and/or clinical measurements. Our products and services for phase III clinical trials use an information gathering and modeling approach similar to that described for the phase II clinical trials above, but incorporate phase II data and detailed mathematical models of the relevant patient populations. We are often able to identify patient groups with low chance of demonstrating efficacy, or an unacceptable chance of demonstrating side effects, prior to conducting the actual trial. In addition, we may be able to predict which clinical measurements will be most likely to provide conclusive results in the proposed trial. |
| | In making drug portfolio decisions, companies need to integrate scientific and clinical results, such as those described above, with market and financial information for all of the drug candidates in the development pipeline. We believe that our products and services help companies make better decisions concerning go/no-go criteria, prioritization of potential label objectives to be pursued and optimal sequencing of clinical trials within a development program. Our products and services can also help customers adopt a more quantitative and scientific approach to resource allocation among programs within their drug portfolios. |
| | The production of industry standard pharmacokinetic (PK) reports required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a new drug submission are often characterized by lengthy cycle times, increasing both expense and required resources along with potential variability and quality issues regarding the display of results within a clinical development organization. Much of an individual scientists time in a typical client organization may be involved with tasks such as data preparation needed for analysis, display of PK analysis via report creation, and the quality control measures needed to ensure correct information is presented to the FDA. These tasks may leave little time to focus on the quality and impact of the scientific decisions that drive compound development. The lack of industry standards and an integrated software platform to drive the adoption and automation of standards can often lead to lengthy report cycles and delays in regulatory submissions. |
| By deploying our Pharsight® Knowledgebase Server (PKS) suite of applications and services (PKS, WinNonLin®, PKS Reporter, and PK Automation), we believe our clients have been successful in delivering sustainable productivity improvements to their regulatory submission process. Our PKS data |
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| repository affords integration to legacy laboratory and clinical data sources, reducing the time needed for data preparation prior to analysis by our clients scientific resources. The PKS suite seamlessly integrates PKS with WinNonLin, PKS Reporter, and third-party applications and provides the opportunity to automate a majority of the standard PK reports required by the FDA. |
| We believe many of our clients have experienced significant productivity improvements in creation of standard PK reports, including significant reductions in report cycle time, along with improvements in quality and consistency of analysis and display of analytical results. As a result of these increases in productivity, we believe our clients are able to reallocate resources to other aspects of the drug development process. |
The use of our software and leading edge methodology developed by our strategic consulting group greatly enhances the traditional drug-development process, which is heavily dependent upon clinical trials and patient testing. Although our methodology does not displace the use of human trials in drug development, we believe our analysis software and our methodology renders human trials more efficient and relevant. The continued growth of our customer base, the increase in number of contracts with our customers, and the increase in our average contract values over time have shown a trend which we believe demonstrates increased acceptance of our methodology and an increased demand for its use. This demand can be met by increased deployment of our software and services, by proprietary solutions developed by our clients, or by increased internal resources within our customers. We believe that these trends, in addition to increasing regulatory requirements from the FDA, demonstrate a potential for increased revenue growth resulting from increased demand for our current products and services, as well as long-term opportunities to expand the breadth and coverage of both our consulting services and software product offerings.
We were incorporated in California in April 1995, and we reincorporated in Delaware in June 2000. In August 2000, we completed our initial public offering and our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq National Market. In November 2002, our common stock ceased to trade on the Nasdaq National Market and is currently traded on the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board system. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are available free of charge through our website at http://www.pharsight.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC. Copies of our annual report will be made available, free of charge, upon written request.
Pharsight Products and Services
Our products and services provide an iterative method for enhancing the design of a clinical trial or development program, based on a series of steps. Each step utilizes available data to produce and validate a mathematical model that is in turn used to select a better strategy for moving to the next stage of clinical development, while improving productivity and efficiency in the drug development process.
We provide both strategic consulting services and computer-based drug model development and database applications. In fiscal 1997, we first offered our WinNonLin, WinNonMix® and Trial Simulator applications and scientific services. At the end of fiscal 2001, we combined our scientific, decision support, methodology and training groups into an integrated group renamed Strategic Services. In fiscal 2002, we began selling our Pharsight® Knowledgebase Server (PKS), providing a means of capturing and managing both summary and detailed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data across a large set of compounds and development phases. In fiscal 2004, we introduced and began selling our Drug Model Explorer (DMX), a software-based communication technology.
In fiscal years 2004, 2003 and 2002, revenues from our software product offerings generated 46%, 44% and 35% of our total revenues, respectively, and revenues from our services generated 54%, 56% and 65% of our total revenues, respectively. In fiscal years 2004, 2003 and 2002, revenues from our software product offerings were $8.1 million, $6.1 million and $5.0 million, respectively, and revenues from our services were $9.6 million, $7.8 million, and 9.3 million, respectively.
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Strategic Services
Our strategic services consist of consulting, training and process redesign conducted by our clinical and decision scientists in the application and implementation of our core decision methodology. The methodology employed by our services group uses three types of models that work in concert:
| 1. Drug-Disease Models |
Our drug-disease models predictively characterize the distribution of treatment outcomes (safety, efficacy, surrogate outcomes) for a new chemical entity, or NCE, and related compounds as a function of dosing strategy, disease and patient and trial characteristics. |
| 2. Trial Models |
Our trial models predict probability distributions of outcomes and reductions in uncertainty around them as a function of dosing strategy, number of treatment arms, type of control, sample population characteristics, sample size and treatment duration. |
| 3. Market Models |
Our market models characterize the demand for products (market size and share) under different feature sets and different competitive and innovation scenarios, and their evolution over time. |
By using these models in an integrated fashion, our consultants are able to place key development decisions into quantitative terms of uncertainty and value. Drug development is a process by which uncertainty about a drugs efficacy and safety is progressively reduced. Our methodology enables customers to identify which uncertainties are greatest and matter most, and then to design development programs, trial sequences, and individual trials in such a way that those trials systematically reduce the identified uncertainties, in the most rapid and cost-effective manner possible.
This methodology is most valuable when applied very early in the life of a potential drug, but we have beneficially applied it at all stages of development. The integration of our models at the asset strategy phase (overall positioning of a new drug) and program/trial strategy phase (focusing on a specific indicator) enables us to help our customers position their drugs as competitively as possible in the market, to do so while conducting all necessary and no unnecessary trials (and only as large, lengthy and costly as is required), and to redeploy resources away from unpromising compounds at the earliest possible decision point.
The following chart depicts typical issues that we are asked to address in strategic consulting projects:
| Phase I |
Phase II/Phase III |
Phase IV | ||||||||
| |
Bridge preclinical results to clinical process. | | Balance efficacy with side effects. | | Explore new indications and label changes. | |||||
| |
Explore dose ranging and population variability. | | Explore trial sensitivity to patient compliance and dropout. | | Plan life-cycle strategy, e.g. generic defense and over-the-counter switch. | |||||
| |
Determine surrogate endpoint relevance, i.e. alternate indicators of efficacy. | | Investigate impact of population genetic variability. | | Evaluate special patient populations. | |||||
| |
Support early go/no-go decisions. | | Evaluate alternate protocols. | |||||||
| |
Assess strategic fit in franchise. | |||||||||
As of April 30, 2004, our strategic services group included 27 full-time personnel. Our personnel are located throughout the United States and Europe, as well as in Japan and Australia. Most have Ph.D. degrees with post-doctoral training in clinical pharmacology, biostatistics, pharmacokinetics, mathematics, engineering, decision
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analysis or other relevant disciplines. Our senior consultants have more than a decade of experience in drug- disease modeling, trial design or strategic consulting. We also utilize a network of consultants with expertise in various specialized disciplines and therapeutic areas.
We believe that our continued growth is dependent upon continually refining our strategic consulting methodologies and introducing new technologies, while also expanding our activities at the portfolio level and into new therapeutic areas.
Software Products and Services
Our software products and software deployment and integration services provide the analytical tools and conceptual framework to help clinical researchers optimize the decision-making required to perform clinical testing needed to bring drugs to market. By applying mathematical modeling and simulation to all available information regarding the compound being tested, researchers can clarify and quantify which trial and treatment design factors will influence the success of clinical trials.
WinNonLin and WinNonMix. These software applications are used to efficiently analyze clinical and preclinical data, allowing the creation of PK/PD models and validating the assumptions and information on which the models are based. The analysis and modeling foster better understanding of the data and better decision making with respect to dosage and dosing regimens. Such analysis is both cost-effective and required by FDA regulations for new drug submissions.
Pharsight Knowledgebase Server (PKS). PKS provides a means of capturing and managing both summary and detailed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data across a large set of compounds and development phases. PKS also provides a unified data environment for supporting clinical pharmacology modeling, analysis and reporting activities. PKS is directly integrated with WinNonLin Enterprise and other industry standard modeling and analysis tools. PKS was developed to help enable compliance with the FDA regulation 21 CFR 11, which requires electronic data security and auditing on submissions to the FDA. We believe that industry acceptance of PKS has been positively impacted by the client need for efficiency gains, as well as compliance with increased regulatory requirements. When linked to PKS, PKS Reporter 1.0, provides regulatory-compliant authoring of Microsoft® Word documents containing analysis results, source data, tables, and plots produced by WinNonLin, or other tools, while being securely managed within the PKS Suite.
Trial Simulator. Trial Simulator uses known information about a drug, or candidate drug, and about patient populations to help design and optimize clinical trial protocols. Poor protocol design may result in ambiguous trial results that fail to identify ineffective candidates early, increase expense and time in identifying successful candidates and expose trial patients to unnecessary risk. Poor protocol dosing decisions may cause the rejection of a candidate drug that might otherwise be approved at an appropriate dose. Computer-aided trial design, using Trial Simulator, cannot guarantee successful trials, but can help to improve the efficiency, required time, and likelihood of definitive and successful results.
Drug Model Explorer (DMX). DMX was introduced in fiscal 2004. The Drug Model Explorer (DMX) is a software-based communication technology, designed to facilitate quantitative decision-making in drug development by allowing project teams to explore key drug attributes, and the uncertainty around those attributes, given the current state of knowledge about a development program. DMX generates views of program data from queries of underlying drug-disease model outputs and simulated responses over a defined problem-space (e.g., treatments, endpoints, covariates, competitors).
We believe that our continued growth is highly dependent upon continuing to deliver new products to our current and prospective customers. These new products need to address an ever-expanding set of customer needs related to clinical development of drugs and thereby expand the number of prospective users within pharmaceutical companies to whom we may sell.
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As of April 30, 2004, our software products support and deployment group included 11 full-time technical consulting, support, and deployment personnel, located throughout the United States and Europe.
Sales and Marketing
Sales of our strategic consulting services and our software products are primarily generated in the United States and Europe through a direct field sales organization as well as an inside sales organization. Sales of our strategic consulting services can range from discrete single projects, where modeling and simulation can be particularly valuable, to expansions of ongoing relationships at our larger clients, which are more strategic in nature. Our desktop software applications are primarily sold through an inside sales organization. Our typical PKS software customers purchase decision can involve many groups, potentially including clinical pharmacology, ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion), toxicology, regulatory and early clinical as well as information technology (IT). It also involves a significant validation process. PKS therefore requires a longer selling cycle than our previous software products, and demands a team of sales, marketing and support professionals in the sales process.
As of April 30, 2004, our sales and marketing function consisted of 12 personnel.
Research and Development
We employ engineers with expertise in software development, web-based applications, database systems, network architecture, and mathematical modeling, and scientists with expertise in clinical development, decision analysis, statistical modeling, and clinical pharmacology and development. Our research and development personnel work closely with our strategic consulting personnel and our client base in designing and testing products to meet customer requirements.
Our research and development efforts are focused on improving and enhancing our existing products and services, as well as developing new products and services. Our research and development efforts take place principally at our offices in Mountain View, California, and Cary, North Carolina.
In November 2002, we refocused our research and development activities to concentrate on our analysis tools and data repository products and the development of our next generation platform, while reducing non-core development headcount accordingly. In fiscal 2004, we invested in development to expand our ability to achieve potential breakthrough improvements in drug development productivity for our customers. The primary focus of this investment has been in software that enables customers to adopt and implement our model-based drug development methodology. The introduction of Drug Model Explorer (DMX) in fiscal 2004 represents a significant accomplishment in this area, enabling a much larger number of other participants in the drug development process to utilize those models in a systematic, integrated fashion to collaborate and make better decisions.
Our research and development expenses were $2.9 million, $3.9 million, and $6.6 million, in fiscal 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. As of April 30, 2004, our research and development function consisted of 13 full-time personnel. See Factors That May Affect Future Results and Market Price of Stock We may lose existing customers or be unable to attract new customers if we do not develop new products and services or if our offerings do not keep pace with technological changes.
Customers
Our strategic consulting customers range in size from the largest pharmaceutical companies to small biopharmaceutical companies, and the focus of our work differs depending upon the size and maturity of the customer. In our smaller and medium-sized customers, we tend to engage in discrete projects often with challenging analytic and design problems, where modeling and simulation can be particularly valuable. This kind of work may or may not lead to subsequent engagements. By contrast, at our largest customers, we tend to have ongoing relationships which are more strategic in nature, and we focus on helping improve the process by which
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they develop drugs, broadening and deepening the application of modeling and simulation over time, with the intent of achieving systematic, lasting performance improvement.
Our software customers range in size from the largest pharmaceutical companies to small and mid-size pharmaceutical and biotechnology organizations.
During our fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, we provided products and services for which we recognized revenue to more than 900 customers. In fiscal 2004, Pfizer Inc., our largest customer, accounted for 16% of our total revenue, and Eli Lilly accounted for 11% of our total revenue. Consequently, we are dependent on Pfizer Inc. and Eli Lilly for a substantial portion of our revenues, and if we were to lose Pfizer Inc. or Eli Lilly as a customer, it would have a material adverse effect on our revenues and business. See Factors That May Affect Future Results and Market Price of Stock Our revenue is concentrated in a few customers, and if we lose any of these customers our revenue may decrease substantially.
We operate in only one business segment comprised of products and services to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to improve the drug development process. Our revenues from external customers, profit and loss and total assets, are set forth in our financial statements, which appear in Item 8Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Information regarding sales to customers by major geographic regions is set forth in Note 12 to our financial statements, which appears in Item 8Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. No foreign country accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002. All of our significant long-lived assets are located within the United States.
Intellectual Property Rights
Technology In-Licensing
Although our products are based on our research and development, we license software from third parties when it is more efficient to incorporate pre-existing programs or routines, when there are novel technologies available by license that would improve our products, or when brand-recognition of established products provides a marketing advantage. We incorporate such third-party software that we have rights to use under the terms of license agreements that require us to pay royalties to the licensor based upon either a percentage of the sales of products containing the licensed software or a fixed fee for each product shipped. Although all of the software we license for use in our products is replaceable with software from other vendors or our own development efforts, the loss of a license could delay the sales of certain of our products.
Intellectual Property
Our success is dependent in part upon our ability to develop and protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights. We rely primarily on a combination of contractual provisions, confidentiality procedures, trade secrets, and patent, copyright and trademark laws to accomplish these goals.
We license our software products pursuant to non-exclusive license agreements, which impose restrictions on customers ability to utilize the software. In addition, we seek to avoid disclosure of our trade secrets by restricting access to our source code, and requiring employees, customers and others with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements with us. We also seek to protect our software, documentation and other written materials under trade secret and copyright laws.
We have two U.S. patents, which will expire no earlier than April 25, 2020 and May 31, 2021, and seven U.S. patent applications pending. It is possible that the patents that we have applied for, if issued, or our potential future patents may be successfully challenged or that no patent will be issued from our patent applications. It is also possible that we may not develop proprietary products or technologies that are patentable, that any patent issued to us may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or that the patents of others will seriously harm our ability to do business.
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Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, existing laws afford only limited protection. Attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our product or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to protect our proprietary rights against unauthorized third party copying or use. Use by others of our proprietary rights could materially harm our business. Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our product is difficult and expensive litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights. See Factors That May Affect Future Results and Market Price of StockOur business depends on our intellectual property rights, and if we are unable to adequately protect them, our competitive position will suffer, If we become subject to infringement claims by third parties, we could incur unanticipated expense and be prevented from providing our products and services.
Government Regulation
The pharmaceutical industry is regulated by a number of federal, state, local and international governmental entities. Although the United States Food and Drug Administration or comparable international agencies do not directly regulate our products and services, the use of certain of our analytical software products by our customers may be regulated. We currently provide assistance to our customers in achieving compliance with these regulations.
Competition
Strategic Services. We compete based on a number of factors, including cost, quality and effectiveness of our services and degree of complexity of the consulting offering. Other entities provide modeling services, some of which are similar to those provided by our strategic services group. In addition, our customers are primarily large pharmaceutical companies that have substantial research and development budgets, and these customers may internally develop the expertise that we provide. Although we believe we do not have direct competitors for our comprehensive set of services offerings, as well as modeling and simulation services integrated with the DMX product, other entities may compete with us in selected offerings.
Software Products and Services. We compete based on a number of factors, including the functionality, reliability and ease of implementation and use of our software products. Our WinNonLin, WinNonMix and PKS products compete with products produced by InnaPhase Corporation and the Globomax division of ICON plc. Although we believe we currently do not have direct competitors for our Trial Simulator product line or our DMX product, other companies may compete with us in the future. Potential competitors may have substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources, larger customer bases, longer operating histories, greater name recognition and more established relationships in the pharmaceutical industry than we have. In addition, competitors may merge or form strategic alliances and be able to offer, or bring to market earlier, services that are superior to our own.
Employees
As of April 30, 2004, we had a total of 78 employees 27 in strategic services; 11 in technical consulting, support and deployment; 12 in sales and marketing; 13 in research and development; and 15 in executive and general and administrative functions. None of our employees is represented by a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we experienced any work stoppage. See Factors That May Affect Future Results and Market Price of Stock Our future success depends on our ability to continue to retain and attract qualified employees, If we lose key members of our management, scientific or development staff, or our scientific advisors, our reputation may be harmed and we may lose business.
Pharsights principal administrative, sales, marketing and product development facilities are located in Mountain View, California, where we lease approximately 10,000 square feet of space under a lease that expires
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in September 2005. Pharsight also leases approximately 9,000 square feet in Cary, North Carolina for a sales, development and training facility, under a lease that expires in 2006. We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and that additional space will be available as needed.
From time to time, Pharsight may become involved in claims, legal proceedings, or state or federal government agency proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. We are not currently a party to any material litigation and are currently not aware of any pending or threatened litigation that could have any material adverse effect upon our business, operating results or financial condition.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of Pharsights stockholders during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2004.
ADDITIONAL ITEMEXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The following table provides information concerning our executive officers and key employees as of April 30, 2004:
| Name |
Age |
Position | ||
| Shawn M. OConnor |
44 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Cynthia Stephens |
38 | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary | ||
| Mark R. Robillard |
47 | Senior Vice President, Software Products | ||
| Mona Cross Sowiski |
54 | Senior Vice President, Drug Development Consulting Services | ||
| E. Gregory Lee |
55 | Vice President, Engineering | ||
| Nancy Risch |
55 | Vice President, Global Sales |
Set forth below is biographical information for each of our executive officers and key employees.
Shawn M. OConnor, Pharsights President, Chief Executive Officer and Director since February 2003, joined Pharsight in September 2002 as its Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. OConnor has more than 20 years of experience in high technology executive management. Prior to joining Pharsight, Mr. OConnor was the President and Chief Operating Officer of QRS Corporation, a leading provider of business-to-business e-commerce services to the retail industry, from 1995 to 2001. Prior to QRS, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Diasonics Ultrasound, Inc., a publicly held worldwide medical equipment manufacturer, from 1987 to 1994. Mr. OConnor began his career with the accounting firm Peat Marwick, where he served as a CPA in both San Francisco and London. Mr. OConnor holds a B.S. from the University of California, Berkeley, in Finance & Business Administration and is a graduate of the Executive Education Program at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Cynthia Stephens, Pharsights Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary joined Pharsight in October 2003 as the companys interim Chief Financial Officer. In February 2004, she was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. In March 2004, Ms. Stephens was appointed Corporate Secretary. Ms. Stephens has over 16 years of financial management experience in high technology. Prior to joining Pharsight, Ms. Stephens served as Vice President, Finance of Rainmaker Systems, a publicly held provider of outsourced marketing services, from May 2002 to June 2003. From March 2001 to April 2002, Ms. Stephens held various management positions, including Vice President, Finance, at Calico Commerce, Inc., a publicly held provider of supply-chain e-commerce software. From February 2000 to March 2001, Ms. Stephens served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Quiver, Inc., an Internet search technology provider. From August 1997 to January 2000, Ms. Stephens was employed in several senior management
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positions at Infoseek Corporation, a leading publicly-held Internet portal, including as Chief Financial Officer. Previously, Ms. Stephens served in various financial management positions with Fractal Design, Covalent Corporation, Western Wireless Corporation, AST Research and Emulex Corporation. Ms. Stephens earned a B.A. with honors in Economics from California State University, Long Beach.
Mark R. Robillard joined Pharsight as Vice President, Global Sales in October 2001 and was named Senior Vice President, Software Products in July 2002. From March 2001 to October 2001, Mr. Robillard was Vice President Business Development for EMAX Solutions, a SciQuest, Inc. company. From September 1999 to March 2001, he held several positions, including Senior Vice President, Sales and Business Development, at EMAX Solutions, a company that provides chemical and compound management and tracking systems for research and development organizations. Prior to joining EMAX, Mr. Robillard spent 20 years at VWR Scientific Products, a $1.4 billion leading distributor of laboratory equipment, chemicals, and supplies to the life sciences market, holding positions such as Vice President, Electronic Commerce and area Vice President and District Manager.
Mona Cross Sowiski joined Pharsight as Senior Vice President, Drug Development Consulting in July 2002. Ms. Sowiski has more than 20 years executive and management consulting experience in the health care industry. Ms. Sowiski was an independent health care and pharmaceutical industry consultant from January 2001 to July 2002. From January 2001 to November 2001, Ms. Sowiski was a founding board member and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Institute for Inclusive Work Environments, a non-profit research institute focusing on workplace diversity and inclusive work policy research. From March 2000 to November 2000, Ms. Sowiski was co-leader of the global health care consulting practice for marchFirst, a publicly held consulting and ecommerce software solutions provider. From September 1999 to March 2000, she led the healthcare practice for USWEB/CKS, a public Internet solutions company that merged with Whitman-Hart to form marchFirst. From March 1999 to September 1999, she co-led the global healthcare and life sciences practice for Mitchell Madison consulting, a privately-held company which was acquired by USWEB/CKS. From October 1997 to March 1999, she was a partner and Managing Director of the Western Division of the United States for CSC/APM Healthcare, a publicly held consulting, IT solutions and outsourcing company. From February 1992 to October 1997, she was a consultant and partner at APM, a privately held company providing strategy and performance improvement consulting to the healthcare industry. Prior to joining APM, Ms. Sowiski held senior executive positions in leading academic medical institutions, including Stanford University Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences Center. Ms. Sowiski has a Bachelor of Arts from San Francisco State University and a Masters of Public Health from the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh.
E. Gregory Lee, Ph.D., a Pharsight founder and its Vice President, Engineering, joined Pharsight in 1995. Dr. Lee has extensive experience in the commercial development of mathematically and statistically oriented software programs. Prior to joining Pharsight, Dr. Lee was Director of Engineering at Sunrise Test Systems, a leading developer of electronic design automation software. From 1984 until 1993, Dr. Lee held technical and management positions at Weitek Corporation, a provider of specialized semiconductor technology. Previously, Dr. Lee held technical positions at Applicon (Schlumberger) and Floating Point Systems. Dr. Lee received his Ph.D. in mathematics from MIT and his undergraduate degree from Reed College.
Nancy Risch, Pharsights Vice President, Global Sales joined Pharsight in June 1996. Ms. Risch has more than 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry. Prior to joining Pharsight, Ms. Risch was the Eastern Regional Director for BBN Corporation, a provider of clinical data management solutions for the pharmaceutical industry. Previously, as one of the initial team-members of Interleaf, a publicly-held provider of high-end publishing and document management solutions, Ms. Risch served as Director of Worldwide Industry Sales and continued there for more than 15 years, consistently over-achieving the sales goals. Prior to joining Interleaf, Ms. Risch held management positions in the Information Systems organization at General Electric Aircraft Engines. Ms. Risch also held various positions in software and statistical analysis at Wang and Union Carbide. She majored in mathematics at West Virginia University.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is currently listed on the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board system under the symbol PHST.OB. Our common stock first traded publicly on August 9, 2000, concurrent with the underwritten initial public offering of shares of our common stock, on the Nasdaq National Market and continued to be traded there until November 8, 2002. Prior to August 9, 2000, there was no established public trading market for our common stock.
As of May 28, 2004, there were 19,058,453 shares of common stock outstanding that were held by approximately 120 stockholders of record. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying such cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings, if any, for use in the development and expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends on our common stock in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our results of operation, financial condition and other factors as our board of directors, in its discretion, deems relevant. In addition, under the terms of some of our debt agreements, we are prohibited from paying dividends without the consent of the lender.
Set forth below are the high and low bid prices per share of our common stock for each quarterly period in our fiscal years ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market until November 8, 2002, and thereafter on the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board system.
| High |
Low | |||||
| Fiscal 2004 |
||||||
| Fourth Quarter (1/1/04-3/31/04) |
$ | 2.50 | $ | 0.58 | ||
| Third Quarter (10/1/03-12/31/03) |
0.95 | 0.22 | ||||
| Second Quarter (7/1/03-9/30/03) |
0.43 | 0.14 | ||||
| First Quarter (4/1/03-6/30/03) |
0.37 | 0.06 | ||||
| Fiscal 2003 |
||||||
| Fourth Quarter (1/1/03-3/31/03) |
0.30 | 0.07 | ||||
| Third Quarter (10/1/02-12/31/02) |
0.79 | 0.12 | ||||
| Second Quarter (7/1/02-9/30/02) |
1.15 | 0.50 | ||||
| First Quarter (4/1/02-6/30/02) |
2.05 | 0.80 | ||||
The over-the-counter quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
You should read the following historical selected financial data in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have derived our balance sheet data as of March 31, 2004 and 2003 and statements of operations data for each of the years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have derived our balance sheet data as of March 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 and statements of operations data for the years ended March 31, 2001 and 2000 from our audited financial statements not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.
| Years Ended March 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Statements of Operations Data |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues |
$ | 17,730 | $ | 13,968 | $ | 14,249 | $ | 11,948 | $ | 8,859 | ||||||||||
| Total operating expenses |
19,466 | 25,139 | 33,413 | 33,557 | 19,031 | |||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations |
(1,736 | ) | (11,171 | ) | (19,164 | ) | (21,609 | ) | (10,172 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net loss |
(1,997 | ) | (11,542 | ) | (18,952 | ) | (20,571 | ) | (9,987 | ) | ||||||||||
| Accretion on convertible preferred stock |
| | | (443 | ) | (1,241 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividend |
(654 | ) | (375 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||
| Deemed dividend to preferred stockholders |
(339 | ) | (246 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||