UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-33377
MCG CAPITAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 54-1889518 | |
| (State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
| 1100 Wilson Boulevard Suite 3000 Arlington, VA |
22209 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: 703-247-7500
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, par value
$0.01 per share
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨.
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2) Yes x No ¨.
The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2003 was approximately $275,980,069 based on the closing price on the Nasdaq National Market. For purposes of this computation, shares held by certain stockholders and by directors and executive officers of the Registrant have been excluded. Such exclusion of shares held by such persons is not intended, nor shall it be deemed, to be an admission that such persons are affiliates of the Registrant. There were 38,732,948 shares of the Registrants common stock outstanding as of March 10, 2004.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the Registrants definitive Proxy Statement relating to the 2003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as indicated herein.
2003 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| PAGE | ||||
| PART I | ||||
| Item 1. |
1 | |||
| Item 2. |
18 | |||
| Item 3. |
18 | |||
| Item 4. |
18 | |||
| PART II | ||||
| Item 5. |
19 | |||
| Item 6. |
21 | |||
| Item 7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
22 | ||
| Item 7A. |
48 | |||
| Item 8. |
49 | |||
| Item 9. |
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
90 | ||
| Item 9A. |
90 | |||
| PART III | ||||
| Item 10. |
90 | |||
| Item 11. |
90 | |||
| Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related |
90 | ||
| Item 13. |
91 | |||
| Item 14. |
91 | |||
| PART IV | ||||
| Item 15. |
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K |
92 | ||
In this Annual Report, the Company, MCG, we, us and our refer to MCG Capital Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries and its affiliated securitization trusts unless the context otherwise requires.
GENERAL
We are a solutions-focused financial services company providing financing and advisory services to a variety of small and medium-sized companies throughout the United States with a focus on growth oriented companies. Currently, our portfolio consists mostly of companies in the communications, information services, media, and technology, including software and technology-enabled business services, industry sectors. Our capital is generally used by our portfolio companies to finance acquisitions, recapitalizations, management buyouts, organic growth and working capital.
Our investment objective is to achieve current income and capital gains. To meet this objective, we employ an expert-activist investment philosophy to identify attractive investment opportunities and develop strong customer relationships. As an expert, we are highly knowledgeable about our target markets and customers. As an activist, we work with our customers management teams and owners to create and execute effective capital deployment strategies. In addition, we use a flexible funding approach that permits adjustments to transaction terms, including pricing terms, to accommodate the shifting corporate development needs of our customers. The ongoing consulting and research services we also offer support our customers growth and risk management strategies.
We have built our portfolio through disciplined underwriting and investment approval processes and focused portfolio management. We typically lend to and invest in companies with $10 million to $150 million in annual revenues that operate in our target industry sectors. As of December 31, 2003, we had outstanding commercial loans of approximately $605.6 million, and equity investments of approximately $93.4 million. As of December 31, 2003, our geographically diverse customer base consisted of 81 companies with headquarters in 27 states and Washington, D.C. Many of our transactions are with existing customers. Through December 31, 2003, approximately 44% of the companies that have been our customers for one year or more had completed two or more transactions with us and approximately 23% had completed three or more transactions with us.
Our investment decisions are based on extensive analysis of potential customers business operations and asset valuations supported by an in-depth understanding of the quality of their recurring revenues and cash flow, variability of costs and the inherent value of their proprietary intangible assets and intellectual property. We have developed specialized risk management metrics, pricing tools, due diligence methodologies and data management processes that are designed to help us manage risk and maximize our return on investment.
CORPORATE HISTORY AND OFFICES
We were formed in 1998 by our management and affiliates of Goldman, Sachs & Co. to purchase a loan portfolio and certain other assets from First Union National Bank (now Wachovia Bank, National Association) in a management buyout. Prior to this purchase, we had conducted our business since 1990 as a division of Signet Bank. This separate division was known as the media communications group. Signet Banking Corporation, the parent of Signet Bank, was acquired by First Union Corporation (now Wachovia Corporation) on November 28, 1997.
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We are an internally managed, non-diversified, closed-end investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or the 1940 Act. As a business development company, we are required to meet regulatory tests, the most significant of which relate to our investments and borrowings. A business development company is required to invest at least 70% of its total assets in private or thinly traded public U.S.-based companies. A business development company also must meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which include all of our borrowings and any preferred stock we may issue in the future, of at least 200%. See Regulation as a Business Development Company. In addition, we elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company (RIC) under the Internal Revenue Code with the filing of our federal corporate income tax return for 2002, which election was effective as of January 1, 2002. See Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
MCG was organized as a Delaware corporation on March 18, 1998. In addition, on March 18, 1998, we changed our name from MCG, Inc. to MCG Credit Corporation and on June 14, 2001, we changed our name from MCG Credit Corporation to MCG Capital Corporation. Our executive offices are located at 1100 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 3000, Arlington, Virginia 22209 and our telephone number is (703) 247-7500. In addition, we have an office in Richmond, Virginia. Our Internet site address is www.mcgcapital.com. Information contained on our web site is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report and you should not consider information contained on our web site to be part of this Annual Report. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, as well as any amendments to those reports are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file them with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
MARKET OPPORTUNITY
We believe that the small- and medium-sized business segment is becoming more significant to the U.S. economy, and that it is attractively sized with good growth characteristics. We believe that many such businesses, including our target customers, have increasing demand for and less access to high-quality differentiated corporate financial services. We also believe this trend is likely to continue given the broad-based and on-going consolidation in the financial services industry. Our focus on selected markets with strong growth prospects, combined with our customers growing demand for capital and the corporate finance and consulting services we offer enhance our market opportunity. We have organized our investment activities around a few clearly defined market opportunities leveraging our strong credit culture and our expert-activist, knowledge based investment philosophy. We believe these market opportunities are large enough to provide continued growth. However, our focus is narrow enough to allow us to gain a special understanding of the needs of our target customers. This allows us to provide innovative financing solutions to our customers.
We target only those market opportunities deemed attractive by our investment committee. Before we target a new market, industry sector or industry sub-sector, our research team performs an opportunity analysis and identifies specific operational norms and risks of that market, sector or sub-sector. Management, working with our credit committee, then develops our lending and investment criteria for that market, sector or sub-sector. We analyze new markets and industries in conjunction with refining and revalidating investment approaches for our existing markets and industry sectors. Also, on an ongoing basis, our investment committee and credit committee monitor the level of diversification within the portfolio for risk associated with market, asset class, geographic and industry sector concentration.
We currently focus on investments across the capital structure in the communications, information services, media and technology, including software and technology-enabled business services, industry sectors. In connection with these investments we utilize, among other things, proprietary data, enhanced knowledge and substantial experience to create competitive advantage. We also focus on buyout, growth and recapitalization financing opportunities in conjunction with private equity firms. In these circumstances our credit analysis skills, systematic underwriting processes and timely responses, among other things, provide a competitive advantage to our targeted customers.
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We believe that traditional financial services providers typically lack infrastructure and dedicated expertise to focus on small- and medium-sized companies within these markets. We believe that each of these markets has distinct characteristics in terms of risk, capital requirements, industry and general economic cycles, stage of development and rates of return. Many of our industry sectors are characterized by ongoing consolidation and convergence and by new business formation. We also believe that these sectors have a number of common features, including private equity investing, favorable regulatory environments, rising projected revenue growth rates, recurring revenue characteristics and enterprise values that depend significantly on intangible assets and intellectual property. As a result, we believe we have a large market opportunity in our target industry sectors.
| | Communications. Our targeted communications businesses consist of voice and data local and long distance carriers, integrated communications providers, and wireless services and infrastructure companies, including companies that operate communications towers and security alarm and monitoring systems. Revenues in these businesses are end-user driven and recurring in nature. We focus specifically on companies that have achieved a critical mass of customers because we believe that the primary asset of communications companies is their customer base. This approach differentiates us from other lenders that focus on the potential value of equipment and other network assets as their primary source of collateral. Communication industry revenues are traditionally non-cyclical. Currently much of the difficulty facing the industry is a function of overcapacity and excess capital markets speculation related to ongoing deregulation and overly optimistic assessments of future demand related to the internet and emerging broadband applications. |
| | Information Services. Our targeted information services businesses produce and deliver information-based products and services, which their customers use to generate insights and make business decisions. The information these businesses provide may be proprietary or public and is frequently delivered through paper documents, online services, magnetic tape or disks and CD-ROM. It also may be bundled with consulting services or other live events in what is known as continuous information services. These businesses are generally non-cyclical to counter-cyclical. |
| | Media. Our targeted media businesses focus on niche, high affinity-based businesses in consumer special interest publishing, trade publishing, radio broadcasting, television broadcasting and community newspaper publishing. Revenue in these businesses is derived largely from advertising sales and therefore tends to be more cyclical. Our focus on niche, high-affinity based businesses in this sector is designed to mitigate the risk of cyclicality because those businesses tend to have more stable advertising revenues. |
| | Technology. Our targeted technology businesses provide outsourced business services, transactions processing and business-to-business transaction enabling, as well as software applications, including component middleware and enterprise software. These businesses are generally moderately cyclical to non-cyclical. |
STRATEGY
We seek to achieve favorable risk-adjusted rates of return in the form of current yield and capital appreciation, while maintaining credit and investment quality in our asset portfolio. We believe our financial performance is a product of our industry knowledge and insight, effectiveness in targeting potential customers and serving them, risk-based pricing techniques and disciplined portfolio acquisition and risk management techniques. We make investments in the $1 to $50 million range and base our investment activity on fundamental analysis of growth oriented small- and medium- sized businesses. We apply well establish credit processes to the assessment of risk and price our loans accordingly. We have developed proprietary analytics, data and knowledge to support our business activities.
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Our investment process is designed to achieve the following strategic objectives:
| | generate favorable risk-adjusted rates of return by delivering capital and strategic insight to innovatively enhance our customers enterprise value; |
| | maintain sound credit and investment discipline and pricing practices regardless of market conditions; |
| | avoid adverse investment selection by applying our expert-activist philosophy to identify targeted prospects with pre-established selection criteria based on fundamental analysis; and |
| | enhance effective risk management by utilizing an integrated team approach to customer acquisition, research, underwriting, compliance and loan and investment servicing activities. |
Expert-Activist Philosophy
Our expert-activist philosophy is one of the foundations of our investment process. It enables us to make lending and investment decisions quickly and confidently because we have a firm understanding of the funding needs of our targeted customers and the operating characteristics of our customers businesses and their associated industry sectors. We enhance our detailed understanding of our targeted industry sectors through continuous engagement with existing and prospective customers. We gather and manage the knowledge and insights gained through this process using customized databases and workflow management methodologies. We use this information to enhance the quality of our research and the effectiveness of our credit and investment analysis. We refine and revalidate our investment approaches within particular markets, sectors and sub-sectors.
We work with our customers and targeted customers to understand the costs and benefits of their corporate development initiatives, business opportunities, threats to their businesses and acceptable risks and returns. This understanding, together with our flexible funding approach, enables us to facilitate customers corporate development decisions even in some cases where short-term financial performance may suffer. We believe that this approach differentiates us from most other commercial lenders and helps to create strong and long-term relationships with our customers. We believe that our approach to date also has enabled us to originate loans based on the value we help to create rather than solely on the basis of our cost of capital in order to achieve attractive risk-adjusted investment returns.
OPERATIONS
To achieve our goal of being a leading provider of solutions-focused financial services to small- and medium-sized companies in our target markets, we foster a credit and business culture that strives to protect our capital, principal and interest, generate capital gains on our equity investments and support gains in our customers enterprise values.
Identifying Prospective Customers
We identify and source new customers by actively engaging our network of private equity investors. We also acquire new customers by utilizing direct marketing to prospects identified through various data services, customized Internet searches, industry associations, investment bankers, accountants and lawyers. Although some customers initiate their first contact with us, we find that we generally acquire most of our customers through our own initiative. After our initial contact with a prospective customer, we then conduct ongoing reviews of its financial reports and corporate development activity by analyzing the source data and information regarding the prospects gathered from third-party databases, industry sector reports, trade and consumer magazines, newspapers and newsletters. We maintain the data from these sources in an internal database that not only supports the identification of potential customer opportunities, but also assists us in understanding our target markets. We market on a national scale. We also participate in a variety of industry associations and our employees attend and give presentations at numerous forums, conferences and meetings annually.
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Research
Our unique research capabilities create the foundation for our expert-activist philosophy of investing and give us a competitive advantage. Our contact with customers in our targeted industries helps us to continuously refine and validate our investment philosophy. Our research groups function is to support and augment the business development process through the identification of attractive industry sectors and emerging trends, investment and risk analysis and marketing of our industry expertise.
Through strategic industry analysis, we update our investment perspective in our target industry sectors and develop investment hypotheses for new industry sub-sectors. Our research capabilities and findings also are valuable in attracting customers who are able to draw from our industry expertise to help refine their strategic plans, identify acquisition opportunities and set appropriate financial and operating benchmarks.
Our research department writes and distributes publications to portfolio companies, prospective customers, investors, and others to facilitate a dialogue, promote a common strategic outlook and a shared perception of industry risk and opportunity. This shared perception helps us and our customers develop mutually agreeable financing structures that mitigate risk to us and our customers. Our publications also increase our visibility within our target industry sectors and support our expert-activist investment methodology.
Our research department publishes the following reports:
| | regular comprehensive industry research reports that incorporate our investment perspectives and operational insights, which are supported by normative data and perceived best practices for our target industries; |
| | quarterly updates on our industry sectors which highlight recent operating statistics, emerging trends, public market sentiment, merger and acquisition activity and regulatory outlook for each MCG targeted industry; |
| | Insights and Outlooks, our periodic publication that reports our views and interpretation of significant events that impact our customers and prospective customers; and |
| | Transactions, our periodic newsletter, which focuses on merger and acquisition activity within our industry sectors. |
In addition, our research department supports our active engagement with third-party publishers who seek articles from our professionals for their various publications and reports.
Underwriting
We place primary emphasis on credit and risk analysis and have incorporated the underwriting function directly into the business development process. Our underwriting team consists of investment professionals who perform due diligence, credit and corporate financial analyses, deal sponsors who possess specific industry expertise and are responsible for originating and managing the transaction, a member of our credit committee and our in-house counsel. Since we became an independent company in June 1998, our deal sponsors have led our underwriting teams in originating approximately 200 transactions with an aggregate value of approximately $980 million in loan commitments. To ensure consistent underwriting, we use our sector-specific due diligence methodologies, developed over the last 13 years, which include standard due diligence on financial performance and customized analysis of the operations, systems, accounting policies, human resources and the legal and regulatory framework of a prospective customer. The members of the underwriting team work together to conduct due diligence and understand the relationships among the customers business plan, operations and financial performance.
As part of our evaluation of a proposed investment, the underwriting team prepares an investment memorandum for presentation to the credit committee and, in some instances, the investment committee. In
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preparing the investment memorandum, the underwriting team assembles information critical to the investment decision and regularly seeks information from the research department on macroeconomic viewpoints, forecasted trends and firm valuation. The investment memorandum serves as the framework for underwriting the transaction and generally consists of:
| | a business description; |
| | a risk evaluation specific to the prospects business, considering the anticipated use of proceeds of our loan, and industry sector; |
| | a collateral valuation to assess the underlying value of the enterprise, both as an ongoing operation and its value relative to comparable public and private companies; and |
| | a description of capital structure and the investment risk and return characteristics. |
Business Description. The business description of a prospective customer presents the history, organization and product lines of the customer. In addition, we analyze the prospective customers industry sector and sub-sector, competition and market share, obsolescence and substitution risk, customers and markets served, legal and regulatory framework and technology issues. The business description also explicitly discusses unique risks associated with a proposed transaction. In particular, we analyze the following risks:
| | Sector Risk Analysis. Analysis of specific vulnerability to industry sector risk, such as industry maturity, cyclicality, profitability and seasonality trends. |
| | Competitive Risks. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the prospective customer relative to its primary and secondary competitors. The factors we consider include relative pricing, product quality, customer loyalty, substitution and switching costs, brand positioning and comparative capitalization. We also assess the defensibility of a prospects market position and its opportunity for increasing market share. |
| | Regulatory Risks. We follow current regulatory developments in each of our targeted sectors and describe how credit and business risks have changed with the evolution of regulation and what risks are presented by existing and currently proposed regulations. |
| | Customer Concentration and Market Risks. We typically determine the values of companies in our target sectors largely based upon the stability of their customer base. We analyze the number and size of customers and their attrition rates, including the potential impact of above average customer attrition, low renewals and the risk of loss of significant customers. |
| | Technology Risks. Companies in certain sectors rely on the acquisition or development of proprietary technology for distribution, production, or administration and others rely on such technology as the products or services that they offer. We also consider the likely positive or negative effect of technological advances on the value of their services. |
Financial and Customer Risk Assessment. As part of our financial and customer risk assessment process, we try to determine comparable levels of risk across industry sectors and customers. From this analysis, we have developed sector-specific risk acceptance criteria to help us evaluate the financial risk of a prospect. Our financial analysis is based on an integrated financial model that is built upon the historical and projected financial performance of a prospect. The model also presents the pro forma post-funding capital structure, along with the sources and uses of funding in the proposed transaction.
Each model incorporates historical financial results and an underlying set of assumptions for operating margins, growth rates, capital structure, rates of return, working capital investment and fixed asset expenditures. This integrated financial model goes beyond forecasting financial statements by incorporating cash flow coverage forecasts, covenant compliance tests, valuation matrices, and an executive summary, which details investment-specific terms.
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We also assess the intangible attributes of a transaction typically embodied in a prospects managements track record, business plan, judgments about its products and other subjective characteristics that may significantly affect the ultimate risk of a transaction. Quantitative attributes we evaluate include sector-specific comparisons such as cash flow margins, product and cash flow diversification, revenue growth rates, cost structure and other operating benchmarks that are derived from historical financial statements. Qualitative attributes we evaluate may include management skill and depth, industry risk, substitution risk, cyclicality, geographic diversification, facilities infrastructure, administration requirements and product quality and ranking. Based on this assessment, we assign a low, medium or high volatility factor to the prospect.
Collateral Valuation. To assess the credit exposure of the potential investment and to quantify the underlying value of the enterprise in which we are investing, we employ a series of standard valuation techniques. We prepare comparative private market transactions analyses using our database of transactions in our target sectors. We also perform a valuation using discounted cash flow models based on our projections of the future free cash flows of the business and industry derived capital costs. Finally, we look to comparable public companies to benchmark the enterprise using public market data to derive collateral value. Using these methods provides us with multiple views of the underlying value of the investments collateral, giving us a key risk metric, which is loan-to-value.
Investment Structure. In underwriting prospective customers, we also focus on investment structure, payment priority, collateral or asset value, management qualities, and financial support from guarantors and other credit enhancements. We use loan structure to mitigate the higher risk associated with a higher volatility factor by requiring better financial and collateral coverage thresholds for those prospects. In most of our loans, we receive a perfected, first priority security interest in substantially all of our customers assets, which entitles us to a preferred position on payments in the event of liquidation, and a pledge of the equity by the equity owners. In addition, we structure loan covenants to assist in the management of risk. Our loan documents ordinarily include affirmative covenants that require the customers to take specific actions such as periodic financial reporting, notification of material events and compliance with laws, restrictive covenants that prevent customers from taking a range of significant actions such as incurring additional indebtedness or making acquisitions without our consent, covenants requiring the customer to maintain or achieve specified financial ratios such as debt to cash flow, interest coverage and fixed charge coverage, and operating covenants requiring them to maintain certain operational benchmarks such as minimum revenue or minimum cash flow. Our loan documents also contain customary events of default such as non-payment, breach of representation, breach of covenant, insolvency and change of control. Our direct equity investments at the time they are made are typically pari passu with or senior to the customers other equity securities.
Flexible Funding
We recognize that growth-oriented companies regularly make corporate development decisions that impact their financial performance, valuation and risk profile. Often these decisions can favorably impact enterprise value at the expense of short-term financial performance where appropriate. Our flexible funding strategy allows us to adjust the return on our capital through risk-based pricing grids that account for shifts in the customers financial performance associated with these decisions. Our loan structures take into account our customers potentially varying financial performance so that customers can retain access to committed capital at different stages in their growth and development. For example, a loans interest rate may increase or decrease based on certain risk measures such as the ratio of debt to cash flow. We calculate rates of return based on a combination of up-front fees, current and deferred interest rates and residual values in the form of equity interests, such as warrants, appreciation rights or future contract payments. Our internal rates of return on invested capital and the customers cost of debt capital are generally highest when our customer utilizes high levels of leverage.
We believe that this method of flexible performance-based pricing allows our customers to build a long-term relationship with us, as a preferred provider. We also believe our approach presents debt as a viable
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alternative to raising additional equity, which permits our customers to avoid the permanently dilutive effect on existing equity holders associated with equity financing transactions.
Most of our loans typically include a variable interest rate component designed to reflect credit risk, which allows the interest rates our customers pay to increase or decrease automatically based on changes in their operating and financial performance. For example, if a customer fails to achieve the operating or financial performance targets set forth in the loan agreement, the interest rate payable on our loan typically increases automatically to reflect the increased credit risk. Conversely, if the customer outperforms, the interest rate payable would typically decrease to reflect our decreased credit risk. However, in such a scenario, our decrease in interest income as a result of the favorable interest rate adjustment is likely to be offset for certain loans by increases in the value of our upside investments, such as warrants, stock appreciation rights or direct equity investments. We may, however, price certain loan transactions on a fixed basis.
Investment Approval Process
Our credit committee approves all of our investments, while the investment committee of our board of directors also must approve certain investments. The four members of our credit committee are Bryan J. Mitchell, Chief Executive Officer; Steven F. Tunney, our President and Chief Operating Officer; Robert J. Merrick, our Chief Credit Officer; and B. Hagen Saville, one of our Executive Vice Presidents. Credit committee approval requires the approval of Mr. Merrick and two of the three other members of the credit committee. The investment committee of our board must approve loans to any customer exceeding $10 million and all equity investments. The members of our investment committee are Messrs. Mitchell, Tunney, Alpert, Gleberman, Millner, Merrick and OKeefe.
Loan Servicing
After a loan is approved and funded, the underwriting team, along with the loan administration group and the compliance administration group, remain involved in the transaction by reviewing covenant compliance and quarterly financial performance and by collecting additional industry sector data for inclusion in our databases.
Loan Administration Group. This group administers the loans on our loan administration system and is responsible for:
| | funding the loans in accordance with the credit committees and, if applicable, investment committees approval; |
| | recording the loans into our loan administration system; |
| | ensuring that billing and collections are done in an accurate and timely fashion; |
| | collecting on past due accounts; and |
| | maintaining the collateral that is in our possession. |
Compliance Administration Group. This group tracks covenant compliance and oversees a monthly review of our critical functions to ensure adherence with our internal policies and procedures. The compliance administration staff is responsible for:
| | reviewing the credit agreement to ensure that the final loan documents reflect the terms approved by the credit committee and, if applicable, the investment committee and advising the credit committee of any deviations; |
| | ensuring that the customer compliance package is prepared in accordance with the loan covenant requirements; |
| | inputting the customers financial statements into our tracking schedules and entering the loan covenants into the covenant tracking system; |
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| | ensuring the mathematical accuracy of all covenant requirements; |
| | reviewing the customers financial statements to ensure that the customer performs in accordance with our expectations; |
| | reporting all covenant violations, loan amendments and covenant waivers to the credit committee; |
| | plotting the customers actual performance against our risk acceptance criteria grids each quarter to ensure that the risk rating is still appropriate; |
| | preparing annual reviews and quarterly collateral valuation updates for each customer; and |
| | preparing quarterly customer and industry valuation data. |
Loan Monitoring and Restructuring Procedures. We monitor individual customers financial trends in order to assess the appropriate course of action with respect to each customer and to evaluate overall portfolio quality. We closely monitor the status and performance of each individual investment on a quarterly and, in some cases, a monthly or more frequent basis. Because we are a provider of long-term privately negotiated investment capital to growth-oriented companies and we actively manage our investments through our contract structure, we do not believe that contract exceptions such as breaches of contractual covenants or late delivery of financial statements are necessarily an indication of deterioration in the credit quality or the need to pursue remedies or an active workout of a portfolio investment.
When principal and interest on a loan is not paid within the applicable grace period, our loan administration group will contact the customer for collection. At that time, we will make a determination as to the extent of the problem, if any. We will then pursue a commitment for immediate payment and will begin to more actively monitor the investment. We will formulate strategies to optimize the resolution process and begin the process of restructuring the investment to better reflect the current financial performance of the customer. Such a restructuring may, among other items, involve deferring payments of principal and interest, adjusting interest rates or warrant positions, imposing additional fees, amending financial or operating covenants or converting debt to equity. In general, in order to compensate us for any enhanced risk, we receive appropriate compensation from the customer in connection with a restructuring. During the process of monitoring a loan in default, we will in appropriate circumstances send a notice of non-compliance outlining the specific defaults that have occurred and preserving our remedies, and initiate a review of the collateral. When a restructuring is not the most appropriate course of action, we may determine to pursue remedies available under our loan documents or at law to minimize any potential losses, including initiating foreclosure and/or liquidation proceedings.
When a loan becomes 90 days or more past due, or if we otherwise do not expect the customer to be able to service its debt and other obligations, we will, as a general matter, place the loan on non-accrual status and cease recognizing interest income on that loan until all principal has been paid. However, we may make exceptions to this policy if the investment is well secured and in the process of collection. For federal income tax purposes, this interest income is included in taxable income.
Portfolio Overview
Our investments are primarily senior secured commercial loans, subordinated debt and equity-based investments. Some of our loans include warrants, options, success fees, equity co-investments and other equity-like features. Currently, our customer base includes primarily small- and medium-sized private companies in the communications, information services, media, and technology, including software and technology-enabled business services, industry sectors. Our capital is generally used by our portfolio companies to finance acquisitions, recapitalizations, management buyouts, organic growth and working capital. In addition, we have occasionally made loans to individuals who are principals in these companies where the proceeds are used by or in connection with the operations or capitalization of such companies. At December 31, 2003, our largest customer, Superior Publishing Corporation, represented approximately 8.1% of the fair value of our investments and our ten largest customers represented approximately 40.1% of the total fair value of our investments.
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Our senior debt instruments generally provide for a contractual variable interest rate between 4% and 14%, a portion of which may be deferred or paid-in-kind (PIK). In addition, approximately 53% of the loan portfolio, based on amounts outstanding at fair value as of December 31, 2003, has floors of between 1.25% and 3% on the LIBOR base index. Approximately 84% of the loans in our portfolio, based on amounts outstanding at fair value as of December 31, 2003, were at variable rates determined on the basis of a benchmark LIBOR or prime rate and approximately 16% were at fixed rates. The weighted average rate spread over LIBOR on interest bearing investments at December 31, 2003 was 11.2%. Our subordinated secured debt instruments generally provide for a contractual rate of interest between 14% and 20%, a portion of which may be deferred or paid-in-kind (PIK).
Our loans generally have stated maturities at origination that range from 2 to 8 years. The weighted average maturity of our loan portfolio at December 31, 2003 was approximately 5.8 years. The weighted average maturity of our loan portfolio excluding our investments in the newspaper sub-sector was 5.3 years. Our customers typically pay us an origination fee based on a percentage of the commitment amount, and in some instances our customers are permitted to prepay our loans without penalty. They also often pay us a fee based on any undrawn commitments.
At December 31, 2003, approximately 54% of our loans had detachable warrants or an option to purchase warrants, stock appreciation rights or other equity interests or other provisions designed to provide us with an enhanced internal rate of return. These equity and equity-like instruments generally do not produce a current return, but are held for potential investment appreciation and capital gains. The warrants and options to purchase warrants typically are exercisable immediately and typically remain exercisable for 10 years. The exercise prices on the warrants vary from nominal exercise prices to exercise prices that are at or above the current fair market value of the equity for which we are receiving warrants. In some cases, some or all of the deferred interest may be used to pay the exercise price on the warrants or option to purchase warrants. The equity interests and warrants and options to purchase warrants often include registration rights, which allow us to register the securities after a public offering. We intend to continue to obtain equity and equity-like instruments with similar features from our customers.
In most cases, the warrants and options to purchase warrants have a put right that requires the customer to repurchase our equity position after a specified period of time at its market value or at a formula price generally designed to approximate its market value. The warrants and options to purchase warrants also typically contain customary anti-dilution protection and preemptive rights. Many of the warrants also give us the right to obtain a seat on the customers board of directors if and when we exercise the warrants. The warrants and options to purchase warrants are generally freely transferable in accordance with applicable law, although some of the warrants and options to purchase warrants contain rights of first refusal and restrictions on transfers to competitors. We expect that we will generally have similar rights with respect to equity and equity-like investments we make in the future.
While the majority of our investment portfolio continues to be senior debt investments, we have increased our investment activity in subordinated debt investments and equity investments and have increased the percentage of our investment portfolio that is in majority-owned and control companies. Our two largest transactions in 2003 were our control investments in Superior Publishing Corporation and Telecom North Corp. We invested across the capital structure in various debt and equity securities of Superior Publishing Corporation. Our investment in Telecomm North Corp. is also part of a strategy to consolidate a number of UNE-P CLEC telecommunications companies into several larger CLECs. As we continue to make control investments, we intend to be selective about the companies in which we acquire a controlling interest.
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Investment Rating System
In addition to various risk management and monitoring tools, we also use an investment rating system to characterize and monitor our expected level of returns on each investment in our portfolio. We use the following 1 to 5 investment rating scale. Below is a description of the conditions associated with each investment rating:
| Investment Rating |
Summary Description | |
| 1 | Capital gain expected or realized | |
| 2 | Full return of principal and interest or dividend expected with customer performing in accordance with plan | |
| 3 | Full return of principal and interest or dividend expected but customer requires closer monitoring | |
| 4 | Some loss of interest or dividend expected but still expecting an overall positive internal rate of return on the investment | |
| 5 | Loss of interest or dividend and some loss of principal investment expected which would result in an overall negative internal rate of return on the investment |
We monitor and, when appropriate, recommend changes to investment ratings. Our president and chief credit officer review the recommendations and affirm or change the investment ratings at least quarterly.
The following table shows the distribution of our investments on the 1 to 5 investment rating scale at fair value as of December 31, 2003 and 2002:
| (dollars in millions) |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||
| Investment Rating |
Investments at Fair Value |
Percentage of Total Portfolio |
Investments at Fair Value |
Percentage of Total Portfolio |
||||||||
| 1 | $ | 234.5 | 33.5 | % | $ | 109.3 | 15.9 | % | ||||
| 2 | 255.4 | 36.5 | 296.6 | 43.1 | ||||||||
| 3 | 161.9 | 23.2 | 225.0 | 32.6 | ||||||||
| 4 | 38.8 | 5.6 | 39.5 | 5.7 | ||||||||
| 5 | 8.3 | 1.2 | 18.5 | 2.7 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 698.9 | 100.0 | % | $ | 688.9 | 100.0 | % | ||||
We monitor loan concentrations in our portfolio, both on an individual investment basis and on a sector or industry basis, to manage overall portfolio performance due to specific customer issues or specific industry issues. At December 31, 2003, of the investments with a 5 rating, $2.6 million were loans, all of which were on non-accrual. Of the investments with a 4 rating, $32.3 million were loans, of which $12.0 million were on non-accrual. At December 31, 2002, of the investments with a 5 rating, $18.0 million were loans, of which $16.9 million were on non-accrual. Of the investments with a 4 rating, $35.4 million were loans, of which $19.6 million were on non-accrual.
COMPETITION
We compete with a large number of financial services companies, including specialty and commercial finance companies, commercial banks and private mezzanine funds, and other sources of financing such as private equity funds, venture capital companies, investment banks and other equity and non-equity based investment funds. Although we do not have a direct competitor that competes in all of our product lines, industry sectors and geographic regions, we compete with financial services companies that target some of our chosen
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industry sectors or geographic areas, or which may only provide corporate finance services to larger companies. Some of the companies we have competed with in the past include community banks that are located in our customers and targeted prospects home markets. These community banks typically do not focus on our target industry sectors. We also compete against regional and national financial institutions. These include banks such as FleetBoston Financial Corporation, Union Bank of California, Comerica Bank, Silicon Valley Bank and Wells Fargo & Company; commercial finance companies such as The CIT Group and CapitalSource, Inc.; and finance subsidiaries of large industrial corporations such as General Electric Capital Corporation and Textron Financial Corporation.
We do not seek to compete primarily based on the interest rates we offer, and we believe that some of our competitors make senior secured commercial loans with interest rates that are comparable to or lower than the rates we offer. We believe we compete based on:
| | our insight into our customers business needs that we derive from information, analytics and effective interaction between our customers decision makers and our knowledgeable professionals; and |
| | our offering of capital coupled with an expanded range of corporate finance services and information products designed to enhance our customers business prospects. |
OUR SUBSIDIARIES
We conduct some of our activities through our wholly owned subsidiaries, MCG Finance I, LLC, MCG Finance II, LLC, MCG Finance III, LLC, MCG Finance IV, LLC and MCG Finance Corporation IH. From time to time, MCG Finance I, LLC and MCG Finance Corporation IH may originate or be the holder of certain loans and investments we make.
We originate loans and sell them to MCG Finance II, a wholly owned special purpose finance subsidiary. MCG Finance II in turn sells the loans to MCG Master Trust, a Delaware business trust we formed in connection with the securitization facility we established in June 2000. The loans MCG Finance II sells to MCG Master Trust must satisfy specific criteria to be eligible for sale. These criteria are established in our loan agreements and credit policy and lending standards. These transactions are structured as on-balance sheet securitizations for accounting purposes.
We also originate loans and sell them to MCG Finance III, another wholly owned special purpose finance subsidiary. MCG Finance III in turn sells the loans to MCG Commercial Loan Trust 2001-1, a Delaware business trust we formed in connection with the securitization facility we established in December 2001. These transactions are structured as on-balance sheet securitizations for accounting purposes.
We also originate loans and sell them to MCG Finance IV, another wholly owned special purpose finance subsidiary. MCG Finance IV in turn sells the loans to MCG Commercial Loan Trust 2003-1, a Delaware business trust we formed in connection with the securitization facility we established in January 2004. These transactions are structured as on-balance sheet securitizations for accounting purposes.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
Our investment policies provide that we will not:
| | act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers, except to the extent that we may be deemed an underwriter of securities (i) purchased by us that must be registered under the Securities Act of 1933 before they may be offered or sold to the public, or (ii) in connection with offerings of securities by our portfolio companies; |
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| | purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate investment trusts, except that we may purchase and sell real estate or interests in real estate in connection with the orderly liquidation of or pursuit of remedies with respect to investments and we may own the securities of companies or participate in a partnership or partnerships that are in the business of buying, selling or developing real estate or we may own real estate for our own uses; |
| | sell securities short in an uncovered position; |
| | write or buy uncovered put or call options, except to the extent of options, warrants or conversion privileges in connection with our loans or other investments, and rights to require the issuers of such investments or their affiliates to repurchase them under certain circumstances; |
| | engage in the purchase or sale of commodities or commodity contracts, including futures contracts, except for purposes of hedging in the ordinary course of business or where necessary in working out distressed loan or investment situations; or |
| | acquire more than 3% of the voting stock of, or invest more than 5% of our total assets in any securities issued by, any other investment company, except if we acquire them as part of a merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets or if they result from a sale of a portfolio company, or otherwise as permitted under the 1940 Act. |
All of the above policies and the investment and lending guidelines set by our board of directors or any committees, including our investment objective to achieve current income and capital gains, are not fundamental as defined under the 1940 Act. Therefore, our board may change them without notice to or approval by our stockholders, but any change may require the consent of our lenders.
Other than the restriction pertaining to the issuance of senior securities discussed earlier, the percentage restrictions on investments generally apply at the time a transaction is effected. A subsequent change in a percentage resulting from market fluctuations or any cause other than an action by us will not require us to dispose of portfolio securities or to take other action to satisfy the percentage restriction.
We will at all times conduct our business so as to retain our status as a business development company. In order to retain that status, we may not acquire any assets, other than non-investment assets necessary and appropriate to our operations as a business development company, if after giving effect to such acquisition the value of our qualifying assets is less than 70% of the value of our total assets.
We concentrate our investments in the communications, information services, media, and technology, including software and technology-enabled business services, industry sectors. From time to time, we may add new sectors or subsectors.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2003, we employed 53 employees in our two offices, including investment and portfolio management professionals, operations professionals, in-house legal counsel, and administrative staff. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
Through December 31, 2001, we were subject to tax as an ordinary corporation under Subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code. We elected to be treated as a regulated investment company or RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code with the filing of our federal corporate income tax return for 2002, which election was effective as of January 1, 2002. As a RIC, we generally will not have to pay corporate taxes on any income we distribute to our stockholders as dividends, which will allow us to reduce or eliminate our corporate-level tax liability.
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One requirement to qualify as a RIC was that, by December 31, 2002, we were required to eliminate the earnings and profits accumulated while we were taxable under Subchapter C. We accomplished this by paying cash dividends to our stockholders in 2002. The cash dividend of $0.86 per share