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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 

ANNUAL REPORT

 

PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003

 

Commission File Number: 000-29995

 

EDUCATION LENDING GROUP, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

Delaware   33-0851387
(State or Other Jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)    

 

12760 High Bluff Drive, Suite 210    
San Diego, California   92130
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (858) 617-6080

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.001 par value

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x  No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).    Yes  x  No  ¨

 

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. $79,516,086 based on a closing price of $11.90 on June 30, 2003 as reported by Commodity Systems, Inc.

 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 15,967,622 as of March 4, 2004.

 

List hereunder the following documents if incorporated by reference and the Part of the Form 10-K (e.g., Part I, Part II, etc.) into which the document is incorporated: (1) any annual report to security holders; (2) any proxy or information statement; and (3) any prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) or (c) under the Securities Act of 1933. The listed documents should be clearly described for identification purposes (e.g., annual report to security holders for fiscal year ended December 24, 1980).

 

Portions of Part III of this Form 10-K are incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for the 2004 annual meeting.

 



Table of Contents

EDUCATION LENDING GROUP, INC.

2003 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Section

        Page No.

PART I
Item 1.    Business    1
Item 2.    Properties    11
Item 3.    Legal Proceedings    12
Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    12
PART II
Item 5.    Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    13
Item 6.    Selected Financial Data    15
Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    16
Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    39
Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    40
Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    41
Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures    41
PART III
Item 10.    Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant    42
Item 11.    Executive Compensation    43
Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    44
Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions    44
Item 14.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services    44
PART IV
Item 15.    Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K    45
SIGNATURES    48


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PART I

 

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 relating to our operations and our results of operations that are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections. Words such as “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates” and similar expressions are used to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecast in these forward-looking statements.

 

Available Information

 

Our website address is www.edlending.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). We also make available through our website other reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act, including our proxy statements and reports filed by officers and directors under Section 16(a) of that Act, as well as our Code of Business Ethics and Code of Conduct. We do not intend for information contained in our website to be part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we use the terms “Education Lending Group,” “we,” “our Company,” “our” and “us” to refer to Education Lending Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All references to years, unless otherwise noted, refer to our fiscal year, which ends on December 31.

 

Item 1. Business.

 

Overview

 

We are a specialty finance company principally engaged in providing student loan products, services and solutions to students, parents, schools and alumni associations. Our business is focused on originating and purchasing guaranteed student loans made under the Federal Family Education Loan Program, known as FFELP, which includes consolidation loans, Stafford loans and Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS). We also offer and purchase alternative supplemental loans that may be guaranteed by a third-party guarantor. As of December 31, 2003, all of our alternative supplemental loans were guaranteed by a third-party guarantor.

 

To date, the vast majority of loans we have originated have been consolidation loans. We generally hold these loans on our balance sheet. Currently, we sell the majority of Stafford and PLUS loans we originate in the secondary market. During the year ended December 31, 2003, we originated or purchased more than $2.5 billion in student loans. As of December 31, 2003, we held an aggregate of $3.3 billion of student loans on our balance sheet. All of our student loans are currently serviced by third-party servicers. We have recently created a wholly-owned subsidiary which we intend to use to service some of our loans.

 

We generate revenue primarily by earning interest income on the loans we hold on our balance sheet. This financial model allows us to benefit from the predictable revenue stream of our portfolio, unlike specialty finance companies whose revenues are primarily derived from one-time gains upon the sale of their assets. When we do sell loans, we record a gain on the sale of the loans on our income statement. We have agreements with a number of third-party marketing partners who we engage to provide us with completed loan applications. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), we expense these marketing partner fees as they are incurred. These fees have historically represented more than 50% of our operating expenses. Accordingly, as a make and hold lender, we have recorded and will continue to record, net losses until our portfolio attains scale to

 

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generate net interest income sufficient to absorb our expenses, including these marketing partner fees. We expect this to occur during 2004.

 

The low interest rate environment in the last two years has encouraged many borrowers to consolidate their variable rate student loans into one loan with a low, fixed interest rate. Since we began our student loan operations in September 2001, we have addressed this demand by offering a consolidation loan product through our multiple marketing channels. Our success in originating consolidation loans has allowed us to fund the further development of these channels for offering other student loan products, such as Stafford and PLUS loans. Our management team has developed important relationships in the student loan industry, and has extensive experience marketing loans directly to potential borrowers and in marketing and financing all types of student loans.

 

Company History

 

We were incorporated in Delaware on March 26, 1999 as Direct III Marketing, Inc. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation were initially owned by Whirlwind Ventures, Inc., a public company incorporated in Florida. On May 24, 1999, we merged with Whirlwind Ventures, Inc. As the surviving corporation, we assumed all obligations and obtained all rights of Whirlwind Ventures, Inc. On May 21, 2002, we changed our name from Direct III Marketing, Inc. to Education Lending Group, Inc.

 

Between May 1999 and mid 2001, we were principally devoted to identifying and evaluating acquisitions of companies in direct and internet marketing and developing our student loan marketing capabilities. In late 2001, we decided to focus our business on providing direct marketing services for the student loan industry. In August 2001, we began our marketing efforts related to guaranteed consolidation loans. In September 2001, we began originating and purchasing guaranteed student loans. In January 2002, we began marketing student loan products directly to colleges and universities. We are in the process of developing an organization that will begin servicing a portion of our student loan portfolio during 2004.

 

Our Industry

 

Overview

 

The high cost of post-secondary education has resulted in students and parents carrying increasingly high levels of indebtedness and burdensome monthly payments upon graduation. The Higher Education Act created FFELP which provides a convenient, low-cost source of capital for families to utilize to finance college education.

 

There are three major federal education loan programs:

 

  The Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) allows private financial institutions to make loans that are guaranteed by intermediary guaranty agencies who are, in turn, reinsured by the federal government. FFELP was originally created by the Higher Education Act of 1965. FFELP is the single largest source of college financial assistance in the United States.

 

  The William D. Ford Federal Direct Student Loan Program (FDLP) was enacted in 1993 and allows the federal government to lend funds directly to students and parents from the U.S. Treasury for financial aid purposes.

 

  The Perkins Loan program is a relatively small program that provides capital to schools to help establish revolving loan funds the schools can use to make loans to their students who have exceptional financial need.

 

Together, FFELP and FDLP accounted for 97% of all federal education loan volume in the 2000-2001 academic year.

 

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The Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP)

 

FFELP, the single largest source of college financial assistance in the United States, is a public-private partnership where lenders make guaranteed student loans to students and parents in coordination with school financial aid offices. During the 2001-2002 academic year, $30.4 billion of new FFELP loans, accounting for approximately 70.5% of all new (non-consolidated) student loan volume, were committed to eligible borrowers according to the College Board’s 2003 report on Trends in Student Aid. According to the Department of Education (DOE), new FFELP volume is projected to grow to $34.0 billion in the 2004 budget year while FDLP volume is projected to grow to $13.6 billion, resulting in total new student loan demand of $47.6 billion in 2004.

 

FFELP loans offer below-market interest rates and favorable repayment terms to students who attend eligible institutions on at least a half-time basis, without regard to the student’s credit worthiness. Loans made under FFELP include:

 

  Consolidation Loans, which have terms of up to 30 years and allow student and parent borrowers to simplify repayment by combining different types of federal loans from different lenders with various repayment schedules into one loan. The primary benefits of consolidation in today’s market are locking in a low fixed interest rate and simplifying repayment by creating a single loan with one holder and one monthly payment. According to the DOE, during the 2002 federal fiscal year, $22.9 billion was committed to fund federal consolidation loans.

 

  Subsidized Stafford Loans, which have terms of up to 10 years after the borrower leaves school and are awarded to students on the basis of financial need. The loans are referred to as “subsidized” because the federal government pays the interest that accrues while students are enrolled, for a six-month grace period after they leave school and during certain authorized deferment periods. This loan type is the largest component of FFELP, with aggregate borrowing by any single borrower limited to $23,000 for undergraduate or graduate students. During the 2001-2002 academic year, $19.9 billion in subsidized Stafford loans were made according to the College Board’s 2003 report on Trends in Student Aid.

 

  Unsubsidized Stafford Loans, which have terms of up to 10 years after the borrower leaves school and are available to all students regardless of financial need. They offer the same low interest rate and six-month grace period as Stafford subsidized loans, but interest on these loans accrues while students are in school, grace periods or deferment. Students may opt to make interest payments during those periods, or they may choose to have the interest capitalized so that they pay it when the loan is in repayment status. Maximum aggregate borrowing by a single borrower of unsubsidized and subsidized Stafford loans is $23,000 for a dependent undergraduate student, $46,000 for an independent undergraduate student and $138,500 for a graduate student (including undergraduate borrowings). During the 2001-2002 academic year, $17.3 billion in unsubsidized Stafford loans were made according to the College Board’s 2003 report on Trends in Student Aid.

 

  PLUS Loans, which have terms of up to 10 years and allow parents of dependent undergraduate students to borrow up to the total cost of attendance at a low interest rate. Unlike student borrowers, parents must pass a credit test to borrow under the PLUS program. Borrowers may borrow up to the cost of attendance per child, minus financial aid from other sources. During the 2001-2002 academic year, $4.7 billion in PLUS loans were made according to the College Board’s 2003 report on Trends in Student Aid.

 

Payment of principal and interest on all FFELP student loans originated after October 1, 1993 are 98% guaranteed by guaranty agencies against default by the borrower as to principal and interest. Guaranty agencies are, in turn, reinsured for up to 95% of their guarantee payments by the federal government. We are required to pay the DOE a one-time 50 basis point origination fee on consolidation, Stafford and PLUS loans and an annual 105 basis point rebate fee on all consolidation loans originated and held after October 1, 1993.

 

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Consolidation Loans

 

Unlike other FFELP guaranteed loan programs, the Consolidation Loan Program, (CLP), under the Higher Education Act did not commence until 1986. The CLP allows college or graduate school students to merge their variable-rate federal education loans into a single loan, with a fixed rate, to be repaid over a term of up to 30 years. The consolidation loans are insured and reinsured on a basis similar to Stafford loans. Federal consolidation loans may be obtained in an amount sufficient to pay outstanding principal, unpaid interest and late charges on federally insured or reinsured student loans incurred under FFELP selected by the borrower, as well as loans made pursuant to the FDLP, Perkins and Health Professional Student Loan Programs. Payment of principal and interest on all FFELP consolidation loans originated after October 1, 1993 are 98% guaranteed by a guaranty agency against default by the borrower as to principal and interest. Additionally, the holder receives a direct payment from the government based upon a Special Allowance Payment (SAP) formula. SAP is generally paid whenever the average of all of the applicable floating rates (91-day Treasury bill, commercial paper, 52-week Treasury bill, or the constant maturity Treasury rate) in a calendar quarter, plus a spread of between 1.70% and 3.50% (depending on the loan status and origination date), exceeds the rate of interest which the borrower is obligated to pay. However, the holder is required to pay an annual fee to the DOE of 105 basis points on consolidation loans it holds.

 

Currently, the interest rate paid by a student on a consolidation loan is fixed at a rate equal to the weighted average of the interest rates on the loans retired, rounded up one-eighth of one percent, not to exceed 8.25% per annum. Once a student consolidates his or her loans, the rate determined at that point is fixed to the student for the life of the loan. The portion, if any, of a consolidation loan that repaid a loan made under other federal programs may have a different variable interest rate.

 

Legislation has been proposed that would permit borrowers holding consolidation loans made under the Higher Education Act to reconsolidate their loans. Legislation has also been proposed that would abolish the so-called “single holder rule,” which restricts the ability of other lenders to consolidate student loans away from a lender that owns all of a particular borrower’s loans. Should such legislation be approved with the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, we would have the opportunity to consolidate previously consolidated loans away from other lenders, potentially increasing our loan portfolio. While we would risk losing a portion of our loan portfolio as other lenders consolidate loans away from us, we believe the risk associated with this is minimal as a substantial portion of our consolidation loan portfolio was originated during a record low interest rate environment.

 

Market Participants

 

Participants in FFELP include:

 

  Eligible Lenders. Eligible lenders registered with the DOE originate and/or purchase FFELP loans and receive interest subsidy payments, SAPs and default reimbursement. Eligible lenders include banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, pension funds, insurance companies, student loan companies, schools and, under certain circumstances, guaranty agencies. In addition, other entities that do not meet the definition of “eligible lender” can effectively participate in the market through trust arrangements with entities that meet the eligible lender definition.

 

  Servicers. Servicing of student loan assets is critical for FFELP lenders because the guarantee is conditioned on the loans being administered in accordance with DOE and guaranty agency requirements. Proper servicing of a student loan is also required in order to maintain eligibility for SAPs and interest subsidy payments.

 

 

Guaranty Agencies. Guaranty agencies reimburse lenders for losses on defaulted student loans. These guaranty agencies are non-profit institutions or state agencies that have entered into federal reinsurance contracts with the DOE pursuant to the Higher Education Act. Guaranty agencies reimburse eligible

 

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lenders from reserve accounts established for this purpose. The guaranty agency, in turn, receives reimbursement of up to 95% of its payments to lenders from the DOE.

 

  Department of Education. The DOE’s regulations provide a number of incentives to student loan market participants. The DOE provides eligible private lenders with an incentive to lend to students by reinsuring guarantors for a portion of their default reimbursements to lenders. When applicable, it also pays SAPs to ensure that the lender earns a competitive return. The DOE provides eligible borrowers with an incentive to borrow by providing interest subsidies and capped interest rates.

 

Regulatory Requirements

 

The guarantee and the lender’s right to subsidy payments on FFELP loans is conditioned on compliance with requirements set by the DOE and guaranty agencies. FFELP loans that are not administered in accordance with DOE regulations risk loss of their guarantee and subsidies, in full or in part. The most common reason for loss of guarantee or subsidies on a loan is violation of federal regulations requiring certain collection steps, such as collection letters and phone calls for loans that become delinquent. Regulations also authorize the DOE and guaranty agencies to limit, suspend or terminate lenders’ participation in FFELP. Additionally, the DOE is authorized to impose civil penalties, if lenders violate certain program regulations. We engage independent third parties to conduct compliance reviews, as required by the DOE, with respect to our student loan portfolio.

 

In order to maintain eligibility in the FFELP, schools must maintain default rates below specified levels, which have been established by the DOE.

 

Reauthorization and Proposed Regulatory Changes

 

The Higher Education Act, and as a result FFELP, is subject to comprehensive reauthorization every five years. The Higher Education Act is scheduled to expire on September 30, 2004, and reauthorization is currently under consideration by the United States Congress. Changes in the Higher Education Act made in the two most recent reauthorizations have included reductions in student loan yields paid to lenders, increased fees paid by lenders and a decreased level of guarantee.

 

Additionally, funds for payment of interest subsidies and other payments under FFELP are subject to annual budgetary appropriation by Congress. In recent years, federal budget legislation has contained provisions that have restricted payments made under FFELP to achieve reductions in federal spending.

 

Changes made under this program when the reauthorization occurs may positively or negatively impact our business, depending on the nature of those changes when implemented.

 

Federal Direct Loan Program (FDLP)

 

In 1992, Congress created FDLP. Under FDLP, the DOE makes loans directly to student borrowers attending schools that choose to participate in the program. The Direct Lending Consolidation Loan Program (DLCP) following its enactment, grew rapidly because of the ability to consolidate FFELP loans into the DLCP, while FFELP lenders could not consolidate FDLP loans into FFELP loans. With a limited number of lenders focused on originating consolidation loans and the great appeal of the product to student borrowers, there was demand for private sector consolidation loans, and private lenders were given the right to consolidate DLCP loans in 1998.

 

Alternative Supplemental Loans

 

Alternative supplemental loans are made to students whose loan eligibility under the FFELP program does not meet their total borrowing needs. Unlike FFELP loans, alternative supplemental loans are credit-based. Depending on the loan program, the credit requirements may be met by a co-borrower. Interest rates are reset

 

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quarterly and may be tied to prime or to commercial paper (CP) rates. Alternative supplemental loans may be guaranteed by a third-party guarantor. At December 31, 2003, all our alternative supplemental loans were 100% guaranteed by third-party guarantors.

 

While the alternative supplemental student loan market is small in comparison to the federal student loan market, significant increases over the past three years reflect a growing reliance on private borrowings as an alternative to guaranteed student loans. This is partly because Congress has not raised borrowing limits on guaranteed student loans since 1992. We believe that the alternative supplemental student loan market will continue to fill the gap between the cost of education and the amount of funding available to pay that cost through guaranteed student loans.

 

Industry Growth

 

Demand for student loans is highly correlated to growth in the cost of and demand for college education which is expected to continue to increase over the next 10 years. Total college enrollment in 2000 reached a new record of approximately 15.3 million students. Projections from the National Center for Education Statistics indicate that school enrollment will continue to reach record levels over the next nine years. From 2002, total college enrollment is projected to increase by a total of 13% to 17.7 million students in 2012. Additionally, tuition increases have far outpaced growth in personal and family income over the past two decades, and the need for federal and alternative supplemental student aid has increased dramatically. Average tuition at both public and private institutions more than doubled from 1981 to 2002, while the median family income has been relatively stagnant, increasing just 25% during the same period.

 

In 1992, Congress last raised federal loan limits. In the 1991-1992 school year, FFELP loans, excluding consolidation loans, were $14.0 billion. Total FFELP loans, excluding consolidation loans, grew to $30.4 billion in the 2001-2002 school year. In connection with the proposed reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, Congress is considering raising federal loan limits again, which, combined with increased college enrollment and tuition costs, may result in increased demand for federal student loans.

 

Our Strengths

 

We offer a full array of guaranteed student loan products. Our portfolio of student loans continues to grow and we expect it to provide substantial future cash flow. We believe the following factors will continue to be instrumental in maintaining our growth and securing our position in the student loan industry:

 

  Predictable cash flow from a high quality loan portfolio;

 

  Multi-channel loan origination;

 

  Strong marketing alliances;

 

  Access to cost-efficient, flexible financing; and

 

  Experienced management team.

 

Predictable cash flow from a high quality loan portfolio

 

As of December 31, 2003, we held $3.3 billion of student loans on our balance sheet, of which more than 99% are guaranteed FFELP loans. We expect this portfolio to generate predictable cash flows for the duration of the loan portfolio, which is currently approximately 21.8 years. FFELP loans carry a guarantee of at least 98% on the principal and accrued interest. As of December 31, 2003, less than 1% or $10 million of our portfolio, consisted of alternative supplemental loans. These loans are fully guaranteed by The Education Resource Institute, Inc., or TERI, a third party guaranty agency.

 

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Multi-channel loan origination

 

We have developed a highly diversified marketing strategy which allows us to market our products and services through four channels, including strategic alliances, school preferred lender-lists, direct marketing to consumers and secondary market acquisitions. Our multiple channel origination strategy limits our reliance on any one source, permits greater penetration into the student loan market, reduces seasonality of loan originations and enables us to customize our marketing approach to each market segment we serve.

 

Strong marketing alliances

 

We have forged strong marketing relationships with third parties to leverage their marketing platforms and access their established and growing customer bases. These entities conduct business with us because of our expertise in providing a full array of student loan products and services, our reputation and our competitive compensation arrangements. We partner with these entities by creating and managing marketing campaigns geared towards their existing and targeted customers. We then purchase the resulting completed loan applications. Through these marketing relationships, we are able to access a large number of borrowers without incurring the incremental overhead costs of hiring additional sales and marketing employees.

 

Access to cost-efficient, flexible financing

 

We have access to a warehouse loan facility of $500 million. From time to time our lender has approved temporary increases in the warehouse loan facility, with the largest increase to date allowing us to borrow up to $1.25 billion. We use this facility to fund the origination and purchase of student loans. Our warehouse loan capacity allows us to fund and pool student loans until we aggregate sufficient volume to access the securitization markets for more cost-efficient financing.

 

Experienced management team

 

Our executive management team has extensive experience in all aspects of the student loan industry, including marketing, financing, securitizing, servicing and processing. Prior to forming Education Lending Group, our CEO, Robert deRose, was a founder, president and chief executive officer of American Express Educational Loans. Michael H. Shaut, our President and COO, was the president and chief executive officer of Student Loan Funding Resources, Inc. prior to its acquisition by Sallie Mae. Other members of our executive management team also have significant experience in the student loan industry.

 

Our Strategy

 

Our objective is to strengthen our position as a leader in delivering student loan products, services and solutions directly to consumers in the medium of their choice. We believe that we can accomplish our objective by pursuing the following key strategies:

 

  Vertically integrate our student loan business. In order to provide end-to-end services to the student loan industry, we are developing our own servicer to service some of our loans. By offering schools a consistent interface for the duration of the loan, we expect to enhance our ability to drive business through our marketing channels.

 

  Increase market share by diversifying product and service offerings. We continue to develop innovative, value-added products and services, such as proprietary alternative supplemental loans, our School as Originator program, electronic entrance and exit interviews and loans for foreign students enrolled at schools in the United States. Through these efforts, we expect to be added to more school preferred lender-lists as we continue to meet their demand for diversified products.

 

 

Further leverage our direct marketing to consumers channel to increase our presence in the graduate school lending and PLUS programs. We intend to market our graduate school and PLUS loans directly

 

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to students and parents by allowing them to submit applications in the medium of their choice. By utilizing technology such as e-application, online pre-approval and e-signature, all of which expedite the application process, we expect to drive additional volume through our direct marketing to consumers channel.

 

  Establish additional strategic alliances. We intend to enter into new strategic alliances with financial services companies and other associations with greater access to consumers who we do not actively target. We partner with these companies because we expect to leverage their existing relationships to access a large number of borrowers without incurring the incremental overhead costs of hiring additional sales and marketing employees.

 

  Make selective strategic acquisitions. We intend to pursue strategic acquisitions that would increase loan originations and advance our efforts to vertically integrate our business. During the normal course of our business, we evaluate acquisition opportunities as they arise.

 

Our Products and Services

 

As mentioned above, we are a specialty finance company principally engaged in providing student loan products, services and solutions to students, parents, schools and alumni associations. Our business is focused on originating and purchasing guaranteed student loans made under FFELP. This includes consolidation loans, PLUS loans and Stafford loans. We also offer and purchase alternative supplemental loans that may be guaranteed by a third party guarantor.

 

We market our products and services through four channels:

 

  Strategic alliances and other marketing relationships;

 

  School preferred lender-lists;

 

  Direct marketing to consumers; and

 

  Secondary market acquisitions.

 

Strategic Alliances and Other Marketing Relationships

 

We have forged strong marketing relationships with third parties to leverage their marketing platforms and access their established and growing customer bases. Currently, we have relationships with 13 third parties who market our guaranteed consolidation loans, Stafford loans and PLUS loans to potential and existing borrowers. The services these marketing partners provide include marketing our federal consolidation loans offered and originated under FFELP and providing us with qualified leads to prospective loan applicants. Approximately 66% of the loans generated during 2003 were originated through this channel. The agreement terms and termination rights of the parties vary, but generally, the parties have the right to terminate upon the occurrence of material breach, regulatory changes and bankruptcy. Each party has agreed to indemnify the other in connection with their activities under the agreement, subject to certain limitations.

 

These entities conduct business with us because of our expertise in providing student loan products and services, our reputation and our competitive compensation arrangements. We partner with these entities by creating and managing marketing campaigns geared towards their existing customers. We then purchase the resulting completed loan applications. Through these marketing relationships, we are able to access a large number of borrowers without incurring the incremental overhead costs of hiring additional sales and marketing employees.

 

School Preferred Lender-Lists

 

Stafford and PLUS Loan Originations. We originate student loans through the school preferred lender-list marketing channel. This activity accounted for approximately 9% of our loan originations during 2003. We have

 

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a national sales force of experienced professionals in the field that focuses on implementing this strategy by educating college financial aid officers about us and offering our products and services to them in order to be added to the school’s preferred lender-list. This preferred lender-list participation drives Stafford and PLUS loan volume from the students and parents who select their lender from the school’s preferred lender-list.

 

Preferred lender-lists came to prominence in the student loan industry in the early 1990’s by streamlining the student lending process, which had been unwieldy and heavily paper intensive. Financial aid offices had little control over where their students were obtaining their loans. Schools created preferred lender-lists to simplify the administration of the program in financial aid offices. Many schools like to have preferred lenders because these lenders typically provide the school with products and services that ease the financial aid process for their students and help reduce the workload for the financial aid office.

 

The following is an example of the lender-list loan origination process:

 

  a high school student receives an award letter from the college he/she has chosen to attend;

 

  the letter provides information on financial aid awarded to the student, the student’s eligibility for guaranteed Stafford loans and the availability of PLUS loans;

 

  the letter informs the student how to apply for student loans and provides a list of lenders endorsed by the school to fund the necessary loans; and

 

  the student signs the award letter and selects a lender from the list.

 

In this channel, our objective is to be included on a school’s preferred lender-list. We are currently on the preferred lender-list at over 400 schools and expect to be included on the preferred lender-list for more than 450 schools by the end of 2004. Being on a preferred lender-list at an educational institution provides us an opportunity to generate more student loans, primarily federal Stafford and PLUS loans, at that institution than we otherwise would if we were not on the preferred lender-list. By the end of 2004, we intend to establish relationships with an additional 150 schools that we expect will process our loan applications from their students even though we are not included in their preferred lender-list.

 

The school preferred lender-list business is seasonal as the majority of the loans are originated in the August/September/October and January/February/March time frames, which corresponds to the college disbursement calendar.

 

Consolidation Loan Originations. We also use the school preferred lender-list channel to market our Consolidation Assistance Program® (CAP) to targeted educational institutions and related alumni associations. In this channel our primary target borrowers are current students and recent graduates. We believe our easy application process is attractive to many potential borrowers. We provide a streamlined consolidation loan process, expert assistance and competitive borrower benefits programs to help borrowers take advantage of the simplicity and money management advantages of the federal consolidation loan program.

 

Diversified Products and Services. We also use the school preferred lender-list channel to market our Grad Partners® School as Originator Program to targeted graduate schools, our electronic entrance and exit interviews and our loans for foreign students enrolled in schools in the United States.

 

Direct Marketing to Consumers

 

The student loan marketplace is evolving. As a result of technological innovations such as electronic processing of loan applications, electronic disbursements and e-signatures, we believe that marketing of student loans is likely to begin to move away from marketing channels, such as schools’ preferred lender-lists, to more direct marketing to consumers. This is evident in the recent emergence of direct marketing of consolidation and PLUS loans to parents. Once it was evident that the process did not intrude on the financial aid office, and in fact

 

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enhanced administration of financial aid, resistance to direct marketing of consolidation and PLUS loans diminished. During 2003, approximately 24% of our loan business came to us through our direct marketing efforts.

 

We view student loans as consumer loans that can be originated in any fashion convenient for the student, parent or school. We market some of our products and services, such as consolidation and PLUS loans directly to students, parents and alumni associations utilizing our website, web advertising, print advertising and direct mail. A large portion of our direct marketing to consumers is geared towards driving calls from eligible borrowers to our Education Finance CenterSM where callers receive information specific to their eligibility for different loan programs. All of our Education Finance CenterSM associates are trained education finance specialists. Each associate participates in intensive training developed with the assistance of our advisory board of financial aid administrators. We attempt to operate our Education Finance CenterSM like a school financial aid office. Our associates take an easy-to-understand, engaging approach to education finance. They provide parents and students specific, concise and accurate financial aid information. They can typically qualify a borrower over the phone for consolidation, Stafford and PLUS loans in less than 10 minutes. Additionally, the availability of e-application and e-signature expedites the application process. In order to build this channel to scale, we will continue to work closely with financial aid offices to insure conformity to their internal systems for Stafford and PLUS loans.

 

Secondary Market Acquisitions

 

Since September 2001, we have used this channel to purchase additional student loan volume. After a lender funds a loan, the lender can either hold the loan and collect the payments or sell the loan in the secondary market. Many FFELP lenders sell their loans. As a result, there is a robust secondary market for student loans. Less than 1% of the loans added to our balance sheet during 2003 came to us through such acquisitions.

 

We fund our acquisitions of loans in the secondary market through our commercial warehouse line of credit and from direct access to the asset-backed securitization marketplace. On our secondary market purchases, we earn income on the portfolio based on the difference between the student loan borrower rate and the interest cost of our borrowings under the commercial warehouse line of credit or asset-backed securitization market, less the amortization expense of the acquisition cost of the portfolio. We intend to maximize revenue and build our balance sheet over time by holding most of the student loans we acquire. Our management team has extensive experience in buying student loans in the secondary market.

 

Our Competition

 

In the FFELP market, we face significant competition from numerous competitors, including SLM Corporation, the parent company of Sallie Mae. SLM Corporation’s subsidiaries collectively service nearly one-half of all outstanding FFELP loans and constitute the largest holder of student loans. Another major competitor, Student Loan Corporation, originates, holds and services federally sponsored student loans under FFELP and also holds student loans that are not insured under FFELP. Through a series of acquisitions and mergers, Nelnet, Inc. has substantially expanded its presence in the student loan business as an originator, holder and servicer of student loans. They offer a range of financial services and technology-based products, including student loan origination and a suite of internet-based software solutions.

 

We also face competition from the FDLP. Under FDLP, the DOE makes loans directly to student borrowers through the educational institutions they attend. The volume of student loans made under FFELP and available for us to originate or acquire may be reduced to the extent loans are made to students under FDLP. In addition, if FDLP expands, we may experience reduced economies of scale, which could adversely affect our earnings. Loan volume reductions could further reduce amounts received by the guaranty agencies available to pay claims on defaulted student loans.

 

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The market for consolidation loans has generally not been as competitive as the market for other guaranteed loans primarily because many market participants are not long-term holders of student loans. Additionally, those lenders who are long-term holders of loans in repayment have traditionally avoided the consolidation market because they found it less attractive than holding their existing loans without consolidation. However, many of these banks and secondary market holders recently have begun to engage in defensive consolidations. They consolidate loans for borrowers in their portfolio who ask for consolidation and extended repayment.

 

As interest rates have fallen and the market for consolidation loans has increased, new companies have entered the business of directly marketing to consumers who are eligible for consolidation of their student loans. The DOE also offers consolidation loans and has marketed this product widely in prior years, primarily through the Internet. However, they have recently reduced their marketing relating to consolidation loans. Since 2001, private market lenders like Collegiate Funding Services, LLC, (CFS), have been able to market consolidation loans to DOE Loan Program borrowers. CFS continues to be one of the largest new competitors in the consolidation loan market. Other potential competitors in this arena include larger banks, which hold their student loan portfolios into repayment. Several of these larger banks, which are significant originators of FFELP volume, buy their consolidation volume rather than market the product themselves. In addition, there are several new market entrants looking to take advantage of the favorable interest rate environment. In July of 2002, Sallie Mae began actively marketing consolidation loans and, as a result of its substantial market presence, quickly became the leading originator in the consolidation marketplace.

 

Further, other student loan companies and financial institutions that originate or purchase guaranteed and alternative supplemental student loans compete for our business. As we seek to further expand our business, we will face numerous other competitors, many of whom are already well established in the markets we seek to penetrate. Some of our competitors are much larger than we are, have better name recognition than we do and have greater financial and other resources than we do. In addition, several of our competitors have large market capitalizations or cash reserves and are better positioned to acquire companies or portfolios in order to gain market share than we are. Additionally, some of our competitors have captive servicers.

 

Employees

 

At December 31, 2003, we employed approximately 108 full-time employees and one part-time employee. None of our employees are unionized, and we believe that our relations with our employees are good.

 

Item 2. Properties.

 

San Diego, California

 

Our executive offices are located in San Diego, California. Prior to February 1, 2002, our office space comprised a total of approximately 1,981 square feet. The premises were subject to a lease dated March 17, 1999 that would have expired on March 16, 2004, under which we are the tenant. The annual rent was approximately $51,110, in addition to pass-through expenses for utilities, increases in real estate taxes, assessments and increases in insurance.

 

In order to accommodate our growing San Diego office needs, we entered into a new lease for additional office space in the same office complex as our current executive offices. Effective on February 1, 2002, we entered into a new combined lease that comprises a total of 7,537 square feet. Annual rent for this lease was $235,154 for the first year, $244,560 for the second and $254,343 for the third and final year, in addition to the pass-through expenses set forth above. On January 1, 2003 and on December 15, 2003, we added an additional 1,544 and 1,430 square feet, respectively, to our office space under the current lease on the same terms and conditions. The combined lease is now for 10,511 square feet at an annual rent of $354,506 in 2004 and $29,555 for the balance of the term, which ends on January 31, 2005. We have the right to renew the new lease for an additional five-year period.

 

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Cincinnati, Ohio

 

We lease additional office space in Cincinnati, Ohio. The office space currently comprises approximately 9,456 square feet. These premises are subject to a lease that expires on March 31, 2007. Our initial lease was for 4,728 square feet, with annual rent of $54,372 through March, 2003, after which time it was increased to $56,736 annually for the remainder of the lease. On September 15, 2002, we entered into a second office lease for an additional 4,728 square feet in the same building as the existing lease. This second office lease also expires on March 31, 2007, and provides for annual rent of $58,154 throughout the term.

 

Cleveland, Ohio

 

In March 2004, we reached an agreement in principle to lease approximately 23,985 rentable square feet of office space in Cleveland, Ohio, to be used as the central location for our new loan servicing company, Education Loan Servicing Corp. The lease term is for a period of 10 years and is renewable for two five-year periods subsequent to the expiration of the initial lease term. At the commencement of the lease, the premises will be approximately 16,192 rentable square feet. Within the first 16 months of the commencement, the premises shall be increased in size to be approximately 20,102 rentable square feet. Within 25 months of the commencement, the premises shall again be increased in size to be approximately 23,985 rentable square feet.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

 

We may be subject to various claims, lawsuits and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business from time to time. Currently there are no claims or legal proceedings against us.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of stockholders during the quarter ended December 31, 2003.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases

 of Equity Securities.

 

Market Price of Common Stock

 

Our common stock has been trading on the Nasdaq National Market since September 18, 2003, under the symbol “EDLG.” Our common stock was initially traded, commencing on April 27, 1999, in the over-the-counter market through the OTC Bulletin Board system under the symbol “DRCT.” Due to our name change from Direct III Marketing, Inc. to Education Lending Group, Inc. on May 21, 2002, we changed our ticker symbol to “EDLG” and on July 25, 2003, our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market.

 

The trading of our common stock is relatively limited. The following table presents the range of the high and low closing price and average daily volume (computed for days in which the shares traded) for our common stock for the periods indicated. The quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down, or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.

 

     High

   Low

   Average
Volume


Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2002

                  

First Quarter

   $ 3.26    $ 2.18    29,523

Second Quarter

     3.99      3.00    30,563

Third Quarter

     4.07      2.30    18,744

Fourth Quarter

     4.35      2.80    23,059

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2003

                  

First Quarter

   $ 6.15    $ 4.15    28,993

Second Quarter

     12.40      5.25    45,266

Third Quarter

     11.30      8.90    19,316

Fourth Quarter

     13.73      9.20    77,666

 

The information in the table above was provided by The Nasdaq Stock Market and Commodity Systems, Inc. Records of American Stock Transfer and Trust, our transfer agent, indicate that as of March 4, 2004, there were 85 record holders of our common stock.

 

Dividend Policy

 

We have neither paid nor declared any dividends since our inception and do not intend to declare any such dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings, if any, for use in the operation of our business. The declaration, payment and amount of future dividends, if any, will be subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors.

 

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

Our Stock Option Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options to our officers, Directors and employees selected by the Board of Directors and/or the Compensation Committee. The term of the Stock Option Plan was set by the Compensation Committee and may not exceed 10 years from the date of the plan’s approval. The Compensation Committee also sets the term of the options granted under the plan. The purpose of the Stock Option Plan is to recognize and compensate officers, Directors and selected employees who contribute to our development and success, to maintain our competitive position by attracting and retaining qualified employees, to provide incentive compensation to officers and key employees based upon our performance and to encourage our officers, Directors and employees to acquire a proprietary and vested interest in our growth and performance.

 

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The following table shows the number of securities to be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights, the weighted average exercise price of the outstanding employee options and the number of securities remaining available for future issuance under all of our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2003. The Compensation Committee has recommended that we amend and restate the Stock Option Plan as the Education Lending Group Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP). Under the LTIP the number of shares reserved for issuance would be increased from 3,000,000 to 4,500,000. The amendment and restatement of the Stock Option Plan as the LTIP is subject to stockholder approval.

 

    

Number of shares

of common stock

to be issued

upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights


   Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights


  

Number of shares
remaining available
for future

issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected
in column (a))(2)


     (a)(1)

   (b)

   (c)

Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders

   2,794,194    $ 3.60    1,135,435

Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders

        N/A   
    
  

  

Total

   2,794,194    $ 3.60    1,135,435
    
  

  

(1) Of the total number of options outstanding, 364,565 options are subject to stockholder approval as these awards are in excess of the 3,000,000 million share maximum approved by our stockholders.
(2) Calculation of amount remaining available for future issuance assumes stockholders will approve the LTIP and the resulting increase in the share reserve discussed above.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

 

Summary Consolidated Financial Data

 

The following table summarizes selected financial data that was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for and as of each of the four years ended December 31, 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000 and for and as of the period from March 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999. Historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and our other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Consolidated statements of operations data:

 

     For the year ended December 31,

 
     2003

    2002

    2001(1)

    2000

    1999

 

Gross interest income

   $ 85,769,586     $ 25,831,246     $ 173,050     $     $  

Total cost of interest income

     46,807,603