UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS
PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2003 |
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number: 0-29357
CHORDIANT SOFTWARE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 93-1051328 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |
20400 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 400
Cupertino, California 95014
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(408) 517-6100
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock $.001 Par Value per Share
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes x No ¨
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of June 30, 2003, the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $70,364,922.
As of February 27, 2004, there were 71,740,677 shares of the registrants common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain portions of the registrants definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than April 30, 2004, in connection with the registrants 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, are incorporated herein by reference into Part II and Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
FORM 10-K
INDEX
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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Except for the historical information contained herein, this Annual Report contains certain information that is forward-looking in nature. This information is based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry, and involves known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industrys results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied in, or contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Words such as believe, anticipate, expect, intend, plan, will, may, should, estimate, predict, guidance, potential, continue or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of several factors more fully described under the caption Risk Factors and those discussed elsewhere in this document. These and many other factors could affect the future financial and operating results of Chordiant. Chordiant undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events after the date of this report.
Overview
We (Chordiant Software, Inc.) are an enterprise software vendor that offers software solutions for global business to consumer companies that seek to improve the quality of their customer interactions and to reduce costs through increased employee productivity and process efficiencies. We concentrate on serving global customers in retail financial services, communications and consumer direct industries.
We deliver a complete customer solution that includes software applications and tools and services that enable businesses to integrate their customer information and corporate systems so that they can have an accurate, real-time view of their customers across multiple forms of customer interaction.
We believe our solutions offer great flexibility to businesses to set business policies and processes to control the quality of servicing, fulfillment and marketing to their customers. Our solutions enable companies to control and change their business policies and processes. We believe that we are leaders in providing business process driven solutions for customer management.
Our software solutions and architecture are based on leading industry standards that are widely adopted by business customers in the industries we serve. We believe these solutions are capable of being the foundation for contemporary distributed computing environments required by global business-to-consumer enterprises.
The Chordiant Solution
The complexities of integrating software for complex and disparate information systems to enable a real-time view for customer interactions have forced enterprises to settle for prepackaged customer system applications that require predetermined, inflexible, vendor-defined customer data models, processes and solutions. Custom-built solutions sometimes yielded better results, but have been slow to build, costly to deliver and expensive to maintain.
The complexities of marketing, selling and servicing multiple product lines to many customers have confounded the efforts of many prepackaged customer software application vendors, delivering only static versus dynamic customer solutions. We believe that contemporary organizations require flexible solutions with real-
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time capabilities that are delivered across the enterprise and are powered by business rules and processes that address this complex business environment and constantly changing customer needs.
Our product solutions are designed for global enterprises seeking to optimize marketing, selling and servicing efforts. We have designed our products to integrate customer information from different data sources, generate business processes based on a customers specific profile and requests, and provide uniform service and data to customers across multiple communication channels. Our products are designed to enable companies to deliver appropriate offers and information to a targeted customer at the time of customer need.
Key benefits of our solutions include the following:
Comprehensive single view of the customer in real-time. Companies that have a comprehensive profile of each customer and that distribute information throughout their enterprise to the points of customer contact can provide a more consistent and personalized consumer experience. Our integration and data management technology helps companies develop a real-time profile of the customer by integrating, consolidating and managing data derived from external and internal sources. Our solution uses multiple data sources, existing applications and transaction systems to build a comprehensive profile of the customer and generate the appropriate response at the time of customer contact.
Automated, sophisticated decision-making processes. Workflow and rules-driven business processes help companies to make automated, yet informed, decisions about customer inquiries. Our workflow processing server technology supports customizable business processes allowing companies to manage processes and execute business rules consistently. Our business process designer is a graphical user interface application that allows companies to customize and automate their unique processes and business rules. Business rules, policies, and processes can be changed and reused quickly in a number of customer-facing applications. Our sophisticated routing engine is designed to allow companies to instantly determine how to respond to specific customer inquiries and generate offers appropriate for particular customers.
Consistent customer experience across multiple channels. We believe that companies providing customers with a consistent experience across multiple communication channels enjoy greater customer satisfaction because customers are able to receive the same reliable service and information regardless of how they choose to contact the company. There is a large and increasing number of customer communications channels, including web, e-mail, fax, self-service systems, mobile devices, call centers and retail outlets. Our solutions implement a common set of business processes and rules uniformly across systems already existing in different customer communications channels.
Standard and customizable business services. We believe that companies that implement their unique business processes will realize greater levels of efficiency, consistency and customer satisfaction. We believe this results in customer cost improvements and customer service index improvements. Our solutions provide a broad set of standard business objects, or fundamental business functions, that are common across industries. These standard business objects can be modified to accommodate specific customer and business processes, policies and transactions of individual companies. Additionally, our solutions adapt to many existing company transaction systems and legacy data warehouses thereby leveraging these existing investments companies have previously made. We believe our solutions allow companies an increased return on their existing information systems as measured by increased retention rates, increased revenue per customer and increased profitability.
Product Solutions
Our solutions are designed to address the enterprise requirements of global consumer companies serving millions of individual customers across multiple business channels integrating multiple lines of business. Our solutions are designed to enable global business-to-consumer enterprises to optimize marketing, selling and servicing efforts. The solution suite is typically licensed as an integrated set of products, applications and
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functionalities based on an open systems environment capable of deployment throughout a customers information technology infrastructure. This integrated suite includes the following products:
Chordiant 5 Marketing. Chordiant 5 Marketing automates the ongoing, complex marketing processes required to plan, define, execute and optimize marketing campaigns of business-to-consumer enterprises. The Chordiant 5 Marketing solution is an integrated set of applications designed to support a full range of marketing relationship management processes. Chordiant 5 Marketing is comprised of the following applications:
| | Chordiant 5 Marketing Director powers complex relationship marketing campaigns across all traditional media channels: direct mail, telesales, and print and broadcast advertising. |
| | Chordiant 5 Online Marketing provides the execution server for web and e-mail based marketing campaigns. |
| | Chordiant 5 Mobile Marketing provides the execution server for mobile devices such as cellular phones. |
| | Chordiant 5 OneReporting provides real-time access to detailed marketing and customer information for creating reports, analysis and intelligent marketing decision-making. |
Chordiant 5 Selling and Servicing. Chordiant 5 Selling & Servicing provides role-based application interfaces that optimize real-time, process driven interactions between a company and its customers. The solution provides a companys employees who interact with customers and business partners a series of role-based interfaces for matching a companys unique business policies and processes to individual customers to optimize selling and servicing interactions. The solution automates a companys business policies and processes which in turn accelerates customer sales cycles, improves customer interactions and gains consistent customer interactions. By using Chordiant 5 Selling & Servicing applications, companies are able to increase the effectiveness of sales or service offerings by matching customer profiles and contact histories with appropriate offers to increase cross-sell effectiveness and opportunities. The Chordiant 5 Selling & Servicing solution suite is comprised of the following application products:
| | Chordiant 5 Branch Advisor is a web browser-based application that allows customer information and application functionality to be broadly shared within and outside a company. Chordiant 5 Branch Advisor helps a companys employees and partners optimize customer selling and servicing interactions through a companys branch, back-office and partner/retail operations. |
| | Chordiant 5 Call Center Advisor is a web browser-based application designed to provide a full set of servicing and selling business processes for high volume transactional call centers. The desktop environment is completely browser-based and utilizes unique server-side computer telephony integration provided in the Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform for call handling, queuing, routing and sequencing customer communications, application processes and work fulfillment. The environment is designed to meet the significant performance and time-dependency requirements supporting high-volume transaction and business processes common to enterprise contact centers. |
The Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform. The Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform provides a number of software servers for managing a companys business to consumer policies, processes, profiles and integration interfaces and connections. The Chordiant 5 Enterprise Platform includes the Chordiant 5 Foundation Server, a set of Chordiant 5 application connectors, and four optional Chordiant 5 application server products.
| | Chordiant 5 Foundation Server provides the software infrastructure to allow companies to access multiple data resources residing with a companys transaction systems and fulfillment systems while integrating with many existing enterprise back-office applications. Chordiant 5 Foundation Server integrates and communicates with telephony equipment, legacy systems and transactional applications. The Foundation Server enables multiple workflow-driven interfaces and support for electronic communications, telephony systems and switches, relational databases, back-office business applications and legacy data warehouses. The Foundation Server includes a business process server, an |
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| integration server, an integrated set of application components and integrated tool environment for application customization and deployment. |
| | Chordiant 5 Collaboration Server is a Web-based interaction server that includes functionality for online chat, Web page publishing, synchronized co-browsing, and provides support for advanced Web applications. |
| | Chordiant 5 Rules Server is a configurable business policies server that allows companies to implement policies specific to their customer profiles, offers and business processes. |
| | Chordiant 5 Knowledge Server is a knowledge based server designed to provide intelligent responses to customer requests that are based on customer profiles, offerings of interest and an optimized set of similar inquiries. |
| | Chordiant 5 Connectors are connectivity applications that allow a business to access information and communications systems for maintaining persistent, real-time connections between information technology systems. |
| | Chordiant 5 Interaction Server is an interaction server for delivering complicated interactions to a web browser at the user interface such as smart forms, answer checking, and guided interactions. |
Customers
We target global market leaders in business-to-consumer industries, particularly companies in the financial services, telecommunications, travel and leisure industries. Our customers include: USAA, T-Mobile, Lloyds TSB Bank, Bank of Ireland, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Signal Iduna, Deutsche Bank, Canadian Tire Financial Services, Barclays Bank, Direct Line, CIBC Bank, Halifax plc, Nokia, British Telecom and British Sky Broadcasting (BskyB). Our customers represent companies of all sizes, but our sales efforts are targeted on large global institutions from industries such as financial services, communications, and consumer direct industries.
Technology
We design and build our products to provide enterprise customer management solutions for large companies serving individual consumers. Our JX architecture is an open standards-based enterprise platform based on industry standard J2EE and XML technology. Our JX architecture delivers XML connectivity and a J2EE standard object environment. Our JX architecture and in particular the Chordiant Enterprise Platform are J2EE compliant. This industry standard set of development specifications leverages the strengths of the Java programming language to enable software applications that are easier to develop, configure and integrate with legacy and third-party information technology systems.
Certain of our products use technology modules from third party technology providers including Sun Microsystems, IBM and BEA Systems. Our products are based on open system standards and are designed to be scalable and integrate with a companys various information technology systems, networks and telephony systems. Our enterprise platform solutions support industry standard J2EE application servers including IBM WebSphere and BEA WebLogic. Our server software runs on UNIX server platforms from Sun Microsystems and IBM.
Sales and Marketing
We license our solutions and sell services primarily through a direct sales organization that is complemented by the selling and support efforts through business alliance partners such as IBM and Accenture, systems integrators and technology vendors. Our market focus is the business-to-consumer segment of the economy with a targeted effort on leading consumer focused industries and companies using multiple channels as the means of
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conducting business and serving customers. We target our sales and marketing efforts, together with our product design efforts, on industries such as retail banking, insurance, consumer financial services, telecommunications and consumer direct industries.
The sales process generally ranges from three to twenty-four months depending on the level of knowledge that prospective customers need about the use and benefits of our solutions and the involvement of systems integrators. During the sales process, we typically approach the senior management teams of the business and information technology departments of a prospective customers organization. We utilize sales teams consisting of sales and technical professionals who work with our systems integration partners to create company specific proposals, presentations and demonstrations that address the needs of the business and its technology requirements.
In the United States we have sales offices in the greater metropolitan areas of Boston, Chicago, New York, and San Antonio. Our corporate offices are located in Cupertino, California. Outside the United States, we have offices in London, Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, and Munich.
Our Services
We offer a comprehensive set of customer services including professional consulting services and product support and training services. We believe that providing high quality customer service is critical to achieving rapid product implementation, customer success and revenue growth.
Professional Services
We provide implementation consulting and customer support services to licensed customers through our worldwide professional services organization. Our professional services consulting teams assist customers and systems integrator partners in the design and implementation of our software solutions.
Our professional services organization deploys consultants as part of the project team alongside systems integration partners and members of the customers internal team to provide technical knowledge, business engineering, project guidance and quality assessments during project implementation. In the design stage, we provide a variety of professional services that help determine a customers business processes and the technical requirements of the solutions implementation. In the implementation stage, we use a delivery methodology to assist customers and integration partners in planning and managing the implementation. Typically, systems integrators, supported by our consultants, manage the overall project and implement the products with a customers existing communications, applications, databases and transaction systems. In the final phases of an implementation, the systems integrators provide deployment services to enable a customers internal team to implement the system, train internal users and provide first-level end-user support.
Although our primary strategy is to leverage our strategic systems integration partners for implementations, our internal professional services organization is integral in implementing our enterprise platform software solutions for our customers. We believe that our consulting services enhance the use and administration of our software solutions, facilitate the implementation of our solutions and result in sharing best business practices with client and systems integrator project teams. In addition to implementing our software, our professional services organization works closely with our internal research and development organization to enhance existing, and design our new, software solutions.
We provide our customers with support and maintenance services including telephone support, web-based support and updates to our products and documentation. We believe that providing a high level of technical support is critical to customer satisfaction. We also offer extensive training programs to our customers and other companies with which we have relationships to accelerate the implementation and adoption of our solutions by the users within a company. Fees for our training services are typically charged separately from our software license, maintenance and consulting fees.
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Services revenues provided by us in the year ended December 31, 2003 accounted for approximately 61% of our total revenues.
Customer Support
Our customers have a choice of support and maintenance options depending on the level of service desired. Our technical support services are available to clients by telephone, over the web and by e-mail. Additionally, we provide product enhancement releases to all customers as part of our support and maintenance contracts. We use a customer service automation system to track each customer inquiry until it is resolved. We also make use of our website and a secured customer forum to provide product information and technical support information worldwide 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
In fiscal year 2003 we entered into an agreement with an independent contracting company with global technical resources and an operations center in Bangalore, India. The agreement provides for the independent contractor, at our direction, to attract, train, assimilate and retain sufficient highly qualified personnel to perform technical support and certain sustaining engineering functions. In fiscal year 2004 we plan to significantly increase the size of this organization and expand its scope. The expansion of this organization is an important component of our strategy to address the business needs of our customers and manage our expenses.
Educational Services
We provide educational services through an outsourced arrangement to train and enable our systems integrators and customers to use our products. Our training partners offer a comprehensive series of training modules to provide the knowledge and skills to successfully deploy, use and maintain our products. These training courses focus on the technical aspects of our products as well as business issues and processes. Training courses can be provided on-site for a custom session for a fee and through classroom and lab instruction.
We entered into a two-year agreement, beginning March 19, 2002, with Business Agility, formerly Merit International, pursuant to which Business Agility provides exclusive training and certain non-exclusive consulting services for a fixed fee. Upon the effective date of the agreement, we transferred to Business Agility our training operations including selected employees. In addition, Business Agility provides to our customers resource development services in exchange for an agreed-upon fee negotiated on a transaction-by-transaction basis. In September 2003, we amended the agreement by extending its effective date through March 2006.
Product Development
We have made substantial investments in research and development through internal development, acquisitions and technology licensing. Our product development efforts are focused on extending our enterprise software solutions, application components and business process functionality, and continued integration of key industry-specific transaction systems and services. Our product development organization is responsible for new software products, product architecture, core technologies, product testing, quality assurance and ensuring the compatibility of our products with third-party hardware and software platforms.
Our product development resources are organized into a number of development teams including:
| | Enterprise Platform and Tools development; |
| | Applications, including our Marketing, Selling and Servicing applications; |
| | Documentation; and |
| | Product Test and Release Management. |
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Our product development teams have extensive experience in enterprise and distributed computing, J2EE and object oriented development, data management, workflow engineering, transaction system interfaces and Internet technologies. Our research and development expenditures were $16.3 million and $20.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Strategic Partnerships
Establishing partnerships and alliances with third parties that provide additional services and resources for implementing our solutions to enhance our sales and service organizations productivity is an important element of our strategy. These relationships and alliances fall into the following categories:
Consulting and System Integration Relationships. To enhance the productivity of our sales and service organizations, we have established relationships with systems integrators, complementary technology providers and alternative service providers. We have established relationships and trained professionals at a number of systems integrators including: Accenture and IBM Global Services and Business Agility. We plan to expand these relationships to increase our capacity to license and implement our products. We have trained consultants in these organizations for the implementation and support of our solutions. We believe that expanding our relationships with systems integrators and independent consulting firms will enable us to gain a greater share of our target markets.
Technology Partnerships. We make extensive use of industry platforms and embrace a number of core technologies in our solution offerings. We have formed partnerships with vendors of software and hardware technology platforms. We currently maintain technology relationships with vendors such as Avaya/Lucent, Alcatel/Genesys, BEA Systems, Cisco Systems, IBM, Oracle and Sun Microsystems. Many of these companies voluntarily provide us with early releases of new technology platforms, education related to those platforms and limited access to their technical resources to facilitate adoption of their technology.
Competition
The market for our products is highly competitive, rapidly evolving, and can be affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. The competitive landscape is quickly evolving to address the convergence of customer interaction applications, back-office systems and e-business services. The most significant competition we face is from customers internal development efforts, custom system integration, as well as other software providers that offer integration and development platforms.
Internal Development
Many of our customers and potential customers have in the past attempted to develop customer service, call center and customer relationship management systems in-house, either alone or with the help of systems integrators. Internal information technology departments have staffed projects to build their own systems utilizing a variety of tools. In some cases, such internal development projects have been successful in satisfying the needs of an organization. We expect that internal development will continue to be a significant source of competition.
Custom System Integration Projects
Another source of competition results from systems integrators engaged to build a custom development application. The introduction of a systems integrator typically increases the likelihood of success for the customer. The competitive factors in this area require that we demonstrate to the customer the cost savings and advantages of a configurable, upgradeable and commercially supported product developed by a dedicated professional software organization.
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We frequently rely on system consulting and systems integration firms for implementation and other global services, as well as recommendations of our products during the evaluation stage of the purchase process. Many of these third parties have similar and often more established relationships with our competitors. We cannot assure that these third parties, many of whom have significantly greater resources than us, will not market software products in competition with us.
Application Software Competitors
Our primary competition is from internal development at our customers and potential customers as discussed above. However, other competitors include providers of traditional, first-generation customer relationship management, enterprise resources planning, call center, marketing automation software and sales force automation software. These vendors include, among others, companies such as: PeopleSoft, Inc., Pegasystems Inc., E.phipany, Inc. and Siebel Systems, Inc.
Some of these companies have longer operating histories, greater financial, marketing and other resources, greater name recognition in other markets and a larger base of customers than we do. In addition, some companies have well-established relationships with our current and potential customers. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we can.
There is no one competitor, nor are there a small number of competitors that are dominant in our market. There are many factors that may increase competition in the enterprise customer relationship management market, including (i) entry of new competitors, (ii) alliances among existing competitors, (iii) consolidation in the software industry and (iv) technological changes or changes in the use of the Internet. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. We cannot assure that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors or that competitive pressure faced by us will not materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Intellectual Property and Propriety Rights
Our success is dependent upon our ability to develop and protect proprietary technology and intellectual proprietary rights. We rely primarily on a combination of contractual provisions, confidentiality procedures, patents pending, trade secrets, and copyright and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights.
We license our products through non-exclusive license agreements that impose restrictions on customers ability to utilize the software. In addition, we seek to avoid disclosure of our trade secrets, including requiring employees, customers and others with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements with us and restricting access to our source code. We also seek to protect our rights in our products, documentation and other written materials under trade secret and copyright laws. Due to rapid technological change, we believe factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, new product developments and enhancements to our existing products are more important than the various legal protections of our technology to establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position.
We integrate third party software into our products. We believe integrated technology represents under 10% of the value of our software products and has historically ranged from 4% to 7% of total license revenues. The third party software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot maintain licenses to key third party software, shipments of our products could be delayed until equivalent software is developed or licensed and integrated into our products. Moreover, although we are generally indemnified against claims if technology licensed from third parties infringes the intellectual property and proprietary rights of others, this indemnification is not always available for all types of intellectual property and
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proprietary rights and in some cases the scope of this indemnification is limited. There can be no assurance that infringement or invalidity claims arising from the incorporation of third-party technology or claims for indemnification from our customers resulting from these claims will not be asserted or prosecuted against us. These claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources, in addition to potential product redevelopment costs and delays.
Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, existing laws afford only limited protection. Attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. There can be no assurance that we will be able to protect our proprietary rights against unauthorized third party copying or use. Use by others of our proprietary rights could materially harm our business. Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our products is difficult and expensive litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights.
It is also possible that third parties will claim that we have infringed their current or future products. We expect that software developers will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products in different industry segments overlap. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, prevent product shipment, cause delays, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could harm our business. Patent litigation in particular has complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties. If an infringement claim against us was successful and we could not obtain a license on acceptable terms, license a substitute technology or redesign to avoid infringement, our business would be harmed.
Employees
As of December 31, 2003, we employed 279 full time employees. Of that total, 93 were primarily engaged in product development, engineering or systems engineering, 74 were engaged in sales and marketing, 73 were engaged in professional services and 39 were engaged in operational, financial and administrative functions.
None of our employees are represented by a labor union and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. We believe our future success will depend in part on our continued ability to recruit and retain highly skilled technical, management and marketing personnel.
For a detailed description of our sales by geographic region, refer to Note 18 in this Form 10-K.
Available Information
We were incorporated in California in March 1991 and were reincorporated in Delaware in October 1997.
We maintain a site on the world-wide web at www.chordiant.com; however, information found on our website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge on or through our website our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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RISK FACTORS
Weakness in technology spending in our target markets combined with geopolitical concerns and vendor viability concerns could make the closing of license transactions to new and existing customers difficult.
Our revenues fell in fiscal year 2003 compared to revenues in fiscal year 2002. Our revenues will continue to decrease in 2004 if we are unable to enter into new large-scale license transactions with new and existing customers. The current state of world affairs and geopolitical concerns have left many customers reluctant to enter into new large value license transactions without some assurance that the vendors will continue to operate and that the economy both in the customers home country and worldwide will have some economic and political stability. The issues of vendor viability including our limited resources and geopolitical instability will continue to make closing large license transactions difficult. Our ability to enter into new large license transactions also directly affects our ability to create additional consulting services and maintenance revenues, on which we also depend.
We expect to continue to incur losses on a generally accepted accounting basis and may not achieve or maintain profitability, which would cause our stock price to decline.
We incurred losses of $16.4 million and $32.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively. As of December 31, 2003, we had an accumulated deficit of $188.9 million. We may continue to incur losses during the first half of 2004 and cannot be certain that we can achieve or generate sufficient revenues to achieve profitability. Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash and long-term restricted cash at December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002 were $38.3 million and $41.5 million, respectively.
Because a small number of customers account for a substantial portion of our revenues, our revenues are dependent upon our ability to continue to win large contracts with new and existing customers.
We derive a significant portion of our software license revenues in each quarter from a limited number of customers. The loss of a major customer in a particular quarter could cause a decrease in revenues and net income. For the year ended December 31, 2003, Royal Bank of Scotland accounted for 11% of our total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2002, USAA, Hutchinson 3 G and Lloyds TSB accounted for 17%, 13% and 11% of our total revenues, respectively. While our customer concentration has fluctuated, we expect that a limited number of customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our revenues. As a result, if we lose a major customer, or if a contract is delayed or cancelled or we do not contract with new major customers, our revenues and net loss would be adversely affected. In addition, customers that have accounted for significant revenues in the past may not generate revenues in any future period, causing our failure to obtain new significant customers or additional orders from existing customers to materially affect our operating results.
If we fail to adequately address the risks associated with our international operations, our operating expenses and net income will be adversely affected.
For the year ended December 31, 2003, international revenues were $52.4 million or approximately 77% of our total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2002, international revenues were $54.2 million or approximately 73% of our total revenues. While we expect North American revenues to increase as a percentage of our overall revenues, international revenues will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in future periods. We have faced, and will continue to face, risks associated with:
| | Difficulties in managing our widespread operations; |
| | Difficulties in hiring qualified local personnel; |
| | Seasonal fluctuations in customer orders; |
| | Longer accounts receivable collection cycles; |
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| | Expenses associated with licensing products and servicing customers in foreign markets; |
| | Currency fluctuation and hedging activities; and |
| | Economic downturns in international economies. |
Any of these factors could have a significant impact on our ability to license products on a competitive and timely basis and could adversely affect our operating expenses and net income. Our international sales are denominated in both the U.S. dollar and in local currencies. As a result, increases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets and could negatively affect our operating results and cash flows.
We face risks associated with our foreign operations.
A significant portion of our sales and operating expenses result from transactions outside of the United States, often in foreign currencies. Our international sales as a percentage of our total sales comprised 77%, 73% and 84% of our total sales for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. In 2003, our operating results have been positively affected by changes in foreign currency rates. Our future operating results will continue to be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency rates, especially if international sales continue to grow as a percentage of our total sales, and we may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency rates in the future. Our operating results could also be adversely affected by general uncertainty with each countrys political and economic structure.
Competition in our markets is intense and could reduce our sales and prevent us from achieving profitability.
Increased competition in our markets could result in price reductions for our products and services, reduced gross margins and loss of market share, any one of which could reduce our future revenues. The market for our products is intensely competitive, evolving and subject to rapid technological change. We consider our primary competition to be from internal development, custom systems integration projects and application software competitors. In particular, we compete with:
| | Internal information technology departments: in-house information technology departments of potential customers have developed or may develop systems that provide some or all of the functionality of our products. We expect that internally developed application integration and process automation efforts will continue to be a significant source of competition. |
| | Point application vendors: we compete with providers of stand-alone point solutions for web-based customer relationship management and traditional client/server-based, call-center service customer and sales-force automation solution providers. |
Many of our competitors have greater resources and broader customer relationships than we do. In addition, many of these competitors have extensive knowledge of our industry. Current and potential competitors have established, or may establish, cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to offer a single solution and to increase the ability of their products to address customer needs.
We may experience a shortfall in revenue, earnings, cash flow or otherwise fail to meet public market expectations, which could materially and adversely affect our business and the market price of our common stock.
Our revenues and operating results may fluctuate significantly because of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of these factors include:
| | Size and timing of individual license transactions; |
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| | Delay or deferral of customer implementations of our products; |
| | Lengthening of our sales cycle; |
| | Further deterioration and changes in domestic and foreign markets and economies; |
| | Success in expanding our global services organization, direct sales force and indirect distribution channels; |
| | Timing of new product introductions and product enhancements; |
| | Appropriate mix of products licensed and services sold; |
| | Levels of international transactions; |
| | Activities of and acquisitions by competitors; |
| | Product and price competition; and |
| | Our ability to develop and market new products and control costs. |
One or more of the foregoing factors may cause our operating expenses to be disproportionately high during any given period or may cause our revenues and operating results to fluctuate significantly. Based upon the preceding factors, we may experience a shortfall in revenues and earnings or otherwise fail to meet public market expectations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common stock.
Our operating results fluctuate significantly and delays in implementation of our products may cause unanticipated declines in revenues or cash flow, which could disappoint investors and result in a decline in our stock price.
Our quarterly revenues depend primarily upon product implementation by our customers. We have historically recognized most of our license and services revenue through the percentage-of-completion method, using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion of implementation of our products and we expect this practice to continue. Thus, delays in implementation by our customers and systems integration partners would reduce our quarterly revenue. Historically, a significant portion of new customer orders have been booked in the third month of the calendar quarter, with many of these bookings occurring in the last two weeks of the third month. We expect this trend to continue and, therefore, any failure or delay in bookings would decrease our quarterly revenue. If our revenues or operating margins are below the expectations of the investment community, our stock price is likely to decline.
If we fail to maintain and expand our relationships with systems integrators and other business partners, our ability to develop, market, sell, and support our products may be adversely affected.
Our development, marketing and distribution strategies increasingly rely on our ability to form long-term strategic relationships with system integrators, in particular, with IBM and Accenture. These business relationships often consist of joint marketing programs, technology partnerships and resale and distribution arrangements. Although most aspects of these relationships are contractual in nature, many important aspects of these relationships depend on the continued cooperation between the parties. Divergence in strategy, change in focus, competitive product offerings or potential contract defaults may interfere with our ability to develop, market, sell, or support our products, which in turn could harm our business. If either IBM or Accenture were to terminate their agreements with us or our relationship were to deteriorate, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In many cases, these parties have extensive relationships with our existing and potential customers and influence the decisions of these customers. A number of our competitors have stronger relationships with IBM and Accenture and, as a result, these parties may be more likely to recommend competitors products and services.
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Failure to successfully customize or implement our products for a customer could prevent recognition of revenues, collection of amounts due or cause legal claims by the customer.
If a customer is not able to customize or deploy our products successfully, the customer may not complete expected product deployment, which could prevent or delay recognition of revenues and collection of amounts due, and could result in claims against us. We have, in the past, had disputes with customers concerning product performance.
Our primary products have a long sales and implementation cycle, which makes it difficult to predict our quarterly results and may cause our operating results to vary significantly.
The period between initial contact with a prospective customer and the implementation of our products is unpredictable and often lengthy, ranging to date from three to twenty-four months. Thus, revenue and cash receipt could vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Any delays in the implementation of our products could cause reductions in our revenues. The licensing of our products is often an enterprise-wide decision that generally requires us to provide a significant level of education to prospective customers about the use and benefits of our products. The implementation of our products involves significant commitment of technical and financial resources and is commonly associated with substantial implementation efforts that may be performed by us, by the customer or by third-party systems integrators. Customers generally consider a wide range of issues before committing to purchase our products, including product benefits, ability to operate with existing and future computer systems, vendor financial stability and longevity, ability to accommodate increased transaction volume and product reliability.
If we are not able to successfully manage our partner operations in India, our operations and financial results may be adversely affected.
In fiscal year 2003 we entered into an agreement with an independent contracting company with global technical resources and an operations center in Bangalore, India. The agreement provides for the independent contractor, at our direction, to attract, train, assimilate and retain sufficient highly qualified personnel to perform technical support and certain sustaining engineering functions. In fiscal year 2004 we plan to significantly increase the size of this organization and expand its scope. The expansion of this organization is an important component of our strategy to address the business needs of our customers and manage our expenses. The success of this operation will depend on our ability and our independent contractors ability to attract, train, assimilate and retain highly qualified personnel in the required periods. A disruption of our relationship with the independent contractor could adversely affect our operations and financial results. Failure to effectively manage the organization and operations will harm our business and financial results.
Our stock price is subject to significant fluctuations.
Since our initial public offering in February 2000, the price of our common stock has fluctuated widely. We believe that factors such as the risks described herein or other factors could cause the price of our common stock to continue to fluctuate, perhaps substantially. In addition, recently, the stock market in general, and the market for high technology stocks in particular, has experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. Such fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We may incur in future periods significant stock-based compensation charges related to certain stock options and stock awards.
Based on certain accounting standards involving stock compensation, we may incur variable accounting costs related to the issuance of restricted stock and certain stock options, including those associated with our stock option cancellation/re-grant program. Accounting standards require us to re-measure compensation cost for
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such options each reporting period based on changes in the market value of the underlying common stock. Depending upon movements in the market value of our common stock, the variable accounting treatment of those stock options may result in significant additional stock-based compensation costs in future periods. Refer to the discussions under the caption Stock-based compensation set forth in Note 2 and the discussions under the caption Stock-based compensation expense set forth in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Form 10-K.
We are the target of a securities class action complaint and are at risk of securities class action litigation, which may result in substantial costs and divert management attention and resources.
Beginning in July 2001, Chordiant and certain of our officers and directors were named as defendants in several class action shareholder complaints filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, now consolidated under the caption, In re Chordiant Software, Inc. Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, Case No. 01-CV-6222. In the amended complaint, the plaintiffs allege that Chordiant, certain of our officers and directors and the underwriters of our initial public offering (IPO) violated Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 based on allegations that Chordiants registration statement and prospectus failed to disclose material facts regarding the compensation to be received by, and the stock allocation practices of, the IPO underwriters. The complaint also contains a claim for violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 based on allegations that this omission constituted a deceit on investors. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief. Similar complaints were filed in the same court against hundreds of other public companies that conducted IPOs of their common stock in the late 1990s. Although Chordiant and almost all of the other issuers have approved in principle a tentative settlement with the plaintiffs, it remains subject to a number of procedural conditions, as well as formal approval by the Court. This action may divert the efforts and attention of our management and, if determined adversely to us, could have a material impact on our business.
If our products do not operate effectively in a company-wide environment, we may lose sales and suffer decreased revenues.
If existing customers have difficulty deploying our products or choose not to fully deploy our products, it could damage our reputation and reduce revenues. Our success requires that our products be highly scalable, and able to accommodate substantial increases in the number of users. Our products are expected to be deployed on a variety of computer hardware platforms and to be used in connection with a number of third-party software applications by personnel who may not have previously used application software systems or our products. These deployments present very significant technical challenges, which are difficult or impossible to predict. If these deployments do not succeed, we may lose future sales opportunities and suffer decreased revenues.
Defects in our products could diminish demand for our products and result in decreased revenues, decreased market acceptance and injury to our reputation.
Errors may be found from time-to-time in our new, acquired or enhanced products. Any significant software errors in our products may result in decreased revenues, decreased sales, injury to our reputation and/or increased warranty and repair costs. Although we conduct extensive product testing during product development, we have in the past discovered software errors in our products as well as in third-party products, and as a result have experienced delays in the shipment of our new products. The latest major release of our primary product suite was introduced in December 2003.
To date, our sales have been concentrated in the financial services, travel and leisure and telecommunications markets, and if we are unable to continue sales in these markets or successfully penetrate new markets, our revenues may decline.
Sales of our products and services in three large marketsfinancial and insurance services, travel and leisure and telecommunicationsaccounted for approximately 81% and 82% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. We expect that revenues from these three markets will
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continue to account for a substantial portion of our total revenues in 2004. If we are unable to successfully increase penetration of our existing markets or achieve sales in additional markets, or if the overall economic climate of our target markets deteriorates, our revenues may decline.
In addition, we cannot predict what effect the U.S. presence overseas or potential or actual political or military conflict have had or are continuing to have on our existing and prospective customers decision-making process with respect to licensing or implementing enterprise-level products such as ours. If these or other outside factors cause existing or prospective customers to cancel or delay deployment of products such as ours, our operating results would be adversely affected.
Low gross margin in services revenues could adversely impact our overall gross margin and income.
Our services revenues have had lower gross margins than our license revenues. As a result, an increase in the percentage of total revenues represented by services revenues, or an unexpected decrease in license revenues, could have a detrimental impact on our overall gross margins. To increase services revenues, we must expand our services organization, successfully recruit and train a sufficient number of qualified services personnel and obtain renewals of current maintenance contracts by our customers. This expansion could further reduce gross margins in our services revenues.
Because we have reduced the size of our workforce, we may not have the workforce necessary to support our platform of products, and if we need to rebuild our workforce in the future, we may not be able to recruit personnel in a timely manner, which could impact the development and sales of our products.
In 2002 and 2003, we reduced the size of our workforce and may carry out further reductions in the future. Our recent reductions were intended to align our operating expenses with our revenue expectations. In the event that demand for our products increases as a result of a positive turn in the economy, we may need to rebuild our workforce or increase outsourced functions to companies based in foreign jurisdictions and we may be unable to hire, train or retain qualified personnel in a timely manner, which may weaken our ability to market our products in a timely manner, negatively impacting our operations. Our success depends largely on ensuring that we have adequate personnel to support our platform as well as the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing and professional services personnel.
If we fail to introduce new versions and releases of functional and scalable products in a timely manner, customers may license competing products and our revenues may decline.
If we are unable to ship or implement enhancements to our products when planned, or fail to achieve timely market acceptance of these enhancements, we may suffer lost sales and could fail to achieve anticipated revenues. We have in the past, and expect in the future, to derive a significant portion of our total revenues from the license of our primary product suite. Our future operating results will depend on the demand for the product suite by future customers, including new and enhanced releases that are subsequently introduced. If our competitors release new products that are superior to our products in performance or price, or if we fail to enhance our products or introduce new features and functionality in a timely manner, demand for our products may decline. We have in the past experienced delays in the planned release dates of new versions of our software products and upgrades. New versions of our products may not be released on schedule or may contain defects when released.
We depend on technology licensed to us by third parties, and the loss or inability to maintain these licenses could prevent or delay sales of our products.
We license from several software providers technologies that are incorporated into our products. We anticipate that we will continue to license technology from third parties in the future. This software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The loss of the technology licenses co