UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File Number: 000-22555
COINSTAR, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 94-3156448 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
| 1800 114th Avenue SE, Bellevue, Washington | 98004 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |
(425) 943-8000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2) Yes x No ¨
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of Common Stock on June 30, 2003 as reported on the NASDAQ National Market, was approximately $284,553,000. Shares of Common Stock held by each executive officer and director and by each shareholder whose beneficial ownership exceeds 5% of the outstanding Common Stock at June 30, 2003 have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of January 16, 2004, there were 21,248,285 shares of the registrants Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrants definitive Proxy Statement for the 2004 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part II and Part III of this Form 10-K. The definitive proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which the report relates.
Index
| Item 1. |
Page 1 | |||
| Item 2. |
Page 12 | |||
| Item 3. |
Page 12 | |||
| Item 4. |
Page 12 | |||
| Item 5. |
Market for the Registrants Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters |
Page 13 | ||
| Item 6. |
Page 13 | |||
| Item 7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | Page 16 | ||
| Item 7A. |
Page 26 | |||
| Item 8. |
Page 27 | |||
| Item 9. |
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | Page 27 | ||
| Item 9A. |
Page 27 | |||
| Item 10. |
Page 28 | |||
| Item 11. |
Page 28 | |||
| Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management |
Page 28 | ||
| Item 13. |
Page 28 | |||
| Item 14. |
Page 28 | |||
| Item 15. |
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K |
Page 29 | ||
| Page 32 | ||||
Our disclosure and analysis in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements regarding our business, prospects and results of operations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the results that may be anticipated by such forward-looking statements and discussed elsewhere in this report. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the captions Risk Factors and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to revise any forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may subsequently arise. Readers are urged to review and consider carefully the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, prospects and results of operations.
Summary
We were incorporated in the state of Delaware on October 12, 1993. We own and operate the only multinational fully-automated network of self-service coin-counting machines. Our machines are installed primarily in supermarkets across the United States, in Canada and in the United Kingdom. We have relationships with 18 of the 20 largest supermarket chains (excluding mass merchandisers) in the United States and two of the three largest chains in the United Kingdom, a well-trained field service organization and a sophisticated, highly secure and scalable two-way, wide-area communications network.
We launched our business in North America with the installation of the first Coinstar® unit in 1993 and in 2001 we began rolling out our coin-counting service in the United Kingdom. Since inception, our business has counted and processed more than 175 billion coins worth over $8.5 billion in more than 245 million customer transactions. With over 285 retail partners (including supermarket chains, independent operators and financial institutions), we currently operate more than 10,700 Coinstar units in 178 regional markets across North America and in the United Kingdom.
The Coinstar coin-counting unit is highly accurate, durable, easy to use, easy to service and capable of processing up to 600 coins per minute. Consumers feed loose change into the unit, which sorts and counts the change and dispenses vouchers that list the dollar value of coins counted, less our transaction fee. The vouchers may be applied to retail purchases or redeemed for cash at the retail partners store. Our coin-counting service provides consumers with a convenient and reliable means of converting loose coins into spendable cash. Our service also benefits our retail partners by providing an additional source of revenue, increasing store traffic, promoting sales and reducing internal coin handling expenses.
Each Coinstar unit is designed to operate as part of a scalable, two-way, wide-area communications network. Our sophisticated fully-automated network enables us to track each machine 24 hours a day and provides key financial data and operating statistics to our field service representatives, coin transportation partners, processing partners, banks and our headquarters for analysis and back-up.
Our internal field service organization of approximately 225 technicians is linked to the Coinstar network, and each field service technician receives a report every morning via modem detailing which units in his or her technical service territory require maintenance or repair work. In addition, each technician receives real-time information throughout the day via wireless paging. The field service organization provides highly responsive service to our customers and retail partners by performing preventive maintenance and repair on our Coinstar units which enables us to maintain a system-wide unit availability of greater than 95%.
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Our transportation partners are also linked to the Coinstar network, enabling dynamic route scheduling by providing them daily reports that detail which Coinstar units need to be emptied of accumulated change. The transportation partners pick up the accumulated change and deliver it to a commercial processing facility where the coins are sorted. The counts are then re-verified and checked against the Coinstar networks unit count to ensure accuracy. When the verification process is complete, the coins are deposited in a local bank. Funds representing the coin value processed less the transaction fee we charge consumers (which, in the United States, is typically 8.9%) are wired to the retailer as reimbursement for cash paid to the consumer or amounts applied toward retail purchases. We retain the remaining coin value, which represents our revenue, as our own transaction fee. On a monthly or quarterly basis we pay our retailers a service fee calculated as a percentage of the transaction fee we charge consumers.
Financial Information about Industry Segments
See Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for a summary of net revenue from unaffiliated customers, net income (loss) from operations and identifiable assets attributable to our business segments for fiscal years ended 2003, 2002 and 2001.
Significant CoinCounting Opportunity
We believe the market for coin-counting services is very large. Traditionally, banks and other depository institutions have been the primary means by which consumers could convert coins into cash, but they typically have provided the service only to their customers and generally only after the customer has pre-sorted, counted and wrapped the coinsa very inefficient and labor-intensive process. The prevalence of coins in cash transactions and the lack of a convenient alternative for converting coins into cash have resulted in the continual accumulation of coins by consumers.
Growth Strategy
Our objective is to drive trial and repeat usage of the Coinstar service, to continue installing new Coinstar units, to develop new markets, to leverage our network through new product initiatives, and to achieve potential growth through acquisitions. Key elements of our growth strategy include:
Driving trial and repeat usage. In September 2003, we commissioned NFO WorldGroup, an independent research company, to perform a study regarding customer awareness and usage of our machines. This study indicated that only approximately 20% of the people living in markets where Coinstar machines have been installed for 12 months or more have tried our service. However, we enjoy high repeat usage of the Coinstar service. According to an earlier study performed by NFO WorldGroup, approximately 80% of the people who have tried our service indicate they are likely to use it again. We believe that through effective marketing we can build greater awareness of our service that will drive repeat usage to create recurring revenue streams and enhance the revenue growth of our coin recycling business.
Increasing our installed base of Coinstar units. We plan to continue expanding our presence in North America and the United Kingdom. We plan to focus on high traffic supermarkets as our primary retail locations because of the prevalence of large regional chains, geographic concentration of stores and recurring consumer traffic. We believe an opportunity exists to increase the number of Coinstar units installed through increased penetration of existing retail partner stores as well as by entering into contracts with new retail partners. Supermarkets offer a large market of potential consumers, a convenient location for multiple consumer visits and opportunities for large-scale deployments.
In addition to targeting high traffic supermarkets, we continue exploring ways to reduce the cost of servicing our Coinstar machines and/or the cost structure of unit production to allow us to profitably penetrate rural markets. We estimate that our viable universe of installations, which includes stores in which we currently have machines installed, consists of between 16,000 to 18,000 stores in North America and in the United Kingdom.
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Leveraging our network through new product initiatives and develop new markets. Our existing network of over 10,700 machines, our relationships with leading supermarket chains and our prime retail locations form a strategic platform from which we are able to leverage our network through new product initiatives. We intend to create additional revenue streams independent of coin counting by delivering new value-added products and services to consumers and our retail partners. For example, in 2003, we rolled out our prepaid wireless and prepaid MasterCard® products to consumers and are currently offering these services in over 600 locations. We envision the Coinstar unit as the touch-point for a range of consumer products and services and plan to continue testing various concepts through our Coinstar machines. In addition, we have also begun targeting non-grocery retailers, such as convenience stores, universities and shopping malls as new markets and believe this is an early step in initiating a sales process to a range of new distribution channels.
Acquisitions. A fourth element of our strategy is potential growth through acquisitions. We believe acquisitions are one element that may allow us to expand our presence in strategically important markets, as well as to expand the breadth and scope of our product and service offerings.
The Coinstar Network
Coinstar Unit
Each coin processing unit is comprised of a coin input region with coin cleaning features, a coin counter that is designed to be jam-resistant, coin collection bins, a computer, a thermal printer, an input keypad, an internal phone and a color monitor. Our Coinstar unit is highly accurate, durable, easy to use, easy to service and capable of processing up to 600 coins per minute. The coin-counting system in our Coinstar unit detects and removes foreign coins, slugs, debris and damaged coins and directs the coins processed to collection trolleys located inside the Coinstar unit. Our proprietary technology has enabled our coin processing units to be available to customers more than 95% of the time. In the event of any malfunction, our units have a telephone handset so our retail partners can connect directly to our customer service center using a toll-free number. In addition, our Coinstar unit can issue vouchers that are encrypted using our proprietary technology. As a result, the losses associated with voucher fraud have been insignificant to Coinstars business.
Intelligent Communications and Information Systems
Each Coinstar unit is controlled by an internal computer that runs a multi-tasking operating system and is designed to operate as part of a scalable, two-way, wide-area communications network. In addition to controlling and coordinating coin sorting and other functions, the computer electronically records nearly all unit operations. For each coin-counting and processing transaction, the unit produces a unique transaction number, records the dollar amount, time and duration of the transaction and identifies the number of each type of coin processed and the number of rejected coins. Our network allows Coinstar units to transmit these key financial data and operating statistics to our headquarters for analysis and backup generally every 24 hours. We use this information to track unit coin flow and operating performance, enabling us to schedule timely coin pick-ups, provide unit service and perform essential accounting and reporting functions. In addition, this network enables us to configure and update the units remotely with a variety of operational and marketing data. The network and associated features provide the following key benefits:
| | Downloadable Information, Software Programs and Systems Enhancements. With a scalable, two-way, wide-area communications network, we can send customized information to each Coinstar unit, including store-specific advertising, on-screen promotions and coupons. In addition, our network enables us to download new versions of application and operating system software to Coinstar units. This ability to perform multiple functions remotely eliminates costly on-site visits and lowers our per unit operating costs. |
| | Enhancement of Field Service Productivity. Every Coinstar unit generates performance and operating reports that are transmitted daily over the network to our headquarters for consolidation. We can then |
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| electronically distribute this information through our network to our field service employees, which enables us to better utilize field service and transportation personnel. Information on the status of our machines, individual unit usage and operation helps us to manage the efficiency of coin collection and transportation activities and to reduce downtime. |
| | Financial Reporting and Reconciliation. We receive financial data and operating statistics through the network on a daily basis. The financial and accounting information is reconciled with bank records and coin collection and transportation processing data logged into the network to ensure the accuracy and speed of each deposit. In addition, our retail partners automatically receive periodic facsimile or e-mail reports generated by the network detailing information such as transaction volumes and deposits made for each store. |
| | Automated Tracking of Coin Collection, Processing and Deposits. Our two-way, wide-area communications network is securely linked using sophisticated networking equipment that enables us to accurately track all coin flow activity from the Coinstar unit to the depository institution. The Coinstar network is linked with our transportation and coin processing partners, which enables us to generate key coin tracking data. |
| | Coinstar Network Scalability. The Coinstar network is scalable to support the increasing demands resulting from our installation of Coinstar units. The components of the Coinstar network that reside at headquarters operate on widely available personal computers with certain reliability features. In addition, we have built an extensive and secure Intranet on top of our infrastructure using standard client/server tools provided by leading industry vendors, which allows for efficient and effective communication among our employees, retail partners and armored car carriers. |
Field Service Organization
We employ field service and supporting personnel as well as retain third-party service providers. This organization provides responsive service to our retail partners by ensuring the efficient collection and handling of coins and by performing preventive maintenance and repairs. Key components of the field service organization include:
| | Field Service Personnel. In all our markets, our field service personnel have the primary direct contact with our consumers and retail partners. Each field service team member is connected to our two-way, wide-area communications network by laptop computer, mobile phone and pager. Each Coinstar unit provides specific service information to the responsible field service employee by directly paging the employee with current operating information based on a series of predetermined performance criteria. |
| | Transportation and Processing Services. Some of our employees provide limited transportation services for our coins. However, we primarily contract with third parties to transport and process coins deposited in Coinstar units. We believe the use of these contracted resources allows growth with minimal investment in facilities and equipment. The transportation service typically includes removing the coin trolleys, tagging them for deposit, cleaning the Coinstar unit, transporting the coins for processing at the coin processing facilities and depositing the coins to our local depository. We have an automated system for tracking each deposit to each retail partners account, as well as to our bank account. |
| | Installation Personnel. An individual account manager manages each installation. For a typical installation, an operations representative visits the store prior to the delivery of the Coinstar unit to coordinate with the store manager on the location of the Coinstar unit within the store and review site requirements. On the day of delivery, our field service representative unpacks the unit and conducts a training and orientation session for store personnel. |
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Key Benefits of the Coinstar Network to Our Retail Partners
Our retail partner marketing strategy is to significantly increase our penetration with existing leading retail partners, as well as to establish relationships with new leading retail partners in the largest metropolitan areas in the United States and in the United Kingdom. To maintain existing retail partners and attract new retail partners, we must continue to demonstrate that our Coinstar units provide sufficient benefits, which include:
| | Increased Revenues to Our Partners. We provide our retail partners an additional source of revenue by paying them a service fee for the benefit of placing our machines in their stores and their agreement to provide reimbursement to our customers in exchange for the redemption of our vouchers. |
| | Increased Store Traffic. We believe the Coinstar unit helps to increase store traffic by providing consumers with an accurate and convenient means of converting accumulated change into cash. A January 2001 research study by NFO WorldGroup indicated that the majority of the consumers would visit another store to use a Coinstar unit if no unit were installed in the store they regularly visit. |
| | Promotes Sales. Consumers often view their coin jars as found money and retailers enjoy access to this additional disposable income when consumers use our machines. In January 2004, a research study conducted by Hebert Research, Inc. confirmed that Coinstar units promote incremental sales for retailers by putting new disposable income in shoppers hands. This study indicated that approximately half of Coinstar users spend part or all of their cash vouchers in the store. |
| | Reduces Internal Coin Handling Expenses. We offer our retail partners the ability to process and count their coins without any processing fee, subject to certain restrictions, such as day of the week. We believe that this service reduces our retail partners internal coin handling labor expenses and losses. |
Our Marketing Strategy
Our marketing strategy includes promoting use of the Coinstar unit through commercial media, such as selective television and radio advertising, national and local promotions and through our Coins that Count® program. We are conducting national promotions to increase usage and awareness while delivering additional value and products to consumers in a retail environment. For example, during 2003 we ran national promotions with Warner Home Video and Nickelodeon. We also sponsored other promotions, such as our own Win Free Groceries for a Year promotion. These types of national promotions through which the customer receives something in return if they utilize the Coinstar machine help drive increased traffic to the Coinstar machine and attract new consumers. On a local basis, we work closely with our retail partners to market to their existing customer bases. This includes communication through advertising media already used by our partners, such as cooperative newspaper advertisements and direct mail circulars, window signs, bag stuffers and development of local market promotions.
We are also building awareness and attracting new customers by offering the opportunity to donate coins to non-profit organizations through our machines, which we call our Coins that Count program. This philanthropic service provides consumers with a simple means for making tax-deductible donations. Instead of receiving vouchers to be redeemed at the retail partners checkout counter, consumers receive printed receipts evidencing the value of their donations. A customer who makes a donation through a Coinstar machine receives a receipt for 100% of the coins deposited, which is fully tax deductible, and the non-profit organization receives the total coin value processed less a reduced transaction fee (typically 7.5%) we collect for processing the transaction. We have ongoing national relationships with the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, the American Red Cross, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and the World Wildlife Fund. We also work closely with our retail partners to support numerous other local and regional non-profit organizations.
We plan to continue testing new marketing tactics and to use effective promotional opportunities in new markets and in the expansion of existing markets with new and existing retail partners. These efforts include incorporating features of our Coinstar units as part of our marketing strategy. The Coinstar unit is generally located near the primary entrance areas of our retail partners and in clear view of the checkout counters or service centers. We continually phase in machine design and user interface improvements to attract consumers and stimulate trial and repeat use.
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Product Research and Development
Since inception, we have focused our research and development efforts on developing and enhancing our operating system and support network for continued expansion of our network and addition of value-added services. We employ software engineers, information technology specialists and other professional staff in these efforts. We also contract with a number of specialized outside consultants for additional services.
Manufacturing and Supply
Coinstar units are currently assembled by two manufacturers: Fabrication Services, Inc. located in Kent, Washington and Peak Industries, Inc. located in Longmont, Colorado. Both are manufacturers that utilize several sub-suppliers to provide components and subassemblies. Each Coinstar unit is manufactured to our proprietary designs and specifications. We own all designs, documentation, tooling, specialized fixtures and test equipment. Our contract manufacturers inspect and test each unit for quality assurance prior to shipment. The use of contract manufacturers has several advantages, including decreasing capital investment in property, plant and equipment, the ability to leverage contract manufacturers purchasing relationships for lower material costs, minimal fixed costs of maintaining unused manufacturing capacity, greater capacity flexibility and the ability to utilize suppliers broad technical and process expertise.
Proprietary Rights
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, service mark and trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to protect our proprietary rights in products and services. We have also entered into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors.
We have made several technological advancements relating to self-service coin counting, distribution of card-related products, and performing certain financial transactions that we believe are important to the successful operation of the Coinstar unit in a self-service environment. These advancements can be implemented mechanically, electronically and through our wide-area network software. For example, these technologies enable the Coinstar unit to operate effectively in light of moisture, dust, lint, dirt, paper, paper clips and other debris with infrequent clogging or malfunctioning. In addition, these technologies enhance the coin discrimination capability of the Coinstar unit and significantly reduce the possibility of miscount or a fraudulent coin going undetected. Further, we have also developed voucher encryption technologies that can greatly reduce exposure to losses associated with voucher fraud. Since October 1996, Coinstar has received over 50 United States and foreign patents relating to aspects of coin cleaning, machine networking, fraud avoidance and voucher authentication, coin discriminating, machine security and coin de-jamming.
Competition
We are the first and only company to own and operate a multi-national network of self-service coin processing machines. We believe that our key competitive advantages include our technology and expertise developed over the past twelve years, the multi-national Coinstar network, our dedicated field service organization, the strong relationships we have with a substantial majority of the leading supermarket chains in the United States and in the United Kingdom and our proven ability to execute our rollout strategy. We face increasing competition from supermarket retailers and banks that purchase and service their own coin-counting equipment. We compete indirectly with manufacturers of devices that enable consumers to count or sort coins themselves, and we also compete directly or indirectly with banks and similar depository institutions for coin conversion customers. Banks are the primary alternative available to consumers for converting coins into cash, and they generally do not charge a fee for accepting rolled coins. As the market for coin processing develops, banks and other businesses may decide to offer additional coin processing services, either as a customer service or on a self-service basis, and compete directly with us.
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Employees
We employ 415 full-time employees and 14 part-time employees. Our employees are not represented by a union. Management believes our employee relations are good.
Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business could be harmed. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Our business is dependent on maintaining our retail partner relationships which are highly concentrated. We currently derive substantially all of our revenue from coin processing services through Coinstar units installed in retail operations, which are primarily high traffic supermarkets in higher density locations. The success of our business depends in part on our ability to maintain relationships with existing retail partners and attract new retail partners in locations where we can operate profitably. If we are unable to persuade existing and potential retail partners that our service provides direct and indirect benefits that are superior to or competitive with alternative potential uses of the floor space that our units occupy, we may encounter difficulties maintaining existing relationships and entering into new relationships. Our success also depends on our ability to continue to pay our retail partners a service fee that allows us to operate the units profitably. We have faced ongoing pricing pressure from our current and potential retail partners to increase the service fee we pay or to make other financial concessions to win or retain business. We may be unable to respond effectively to these pricing pressures, and may fail to attract or retain retail partners.
We typically operate pursuant to separate agreements with each of our retail partners to provide coin processing services in retail locations. Our typical contract is for a set term, which typically ranges from one to three years and automatically renews until we or our partner gives notice of termination before a certain time prior to the end of the initial term or renewal period. Contracts usually renew for one-year periods. The majority of our contracts are currently in renewal periods. There are variations on certain contract provisions with some of our retail partners, including product offerings, the service fee we pay our retail partner, the ability to cancel the contract upon notice after a certain period of time or, for certain of the larger contracts, for convenience with 6 or 12 months notice, and/or the right to cancel for convenience for an individual division or a subset of installed locations. Our retail partnerships are highly concentrated. In 2003, we had two retail partners which accounted for over 10% of our revenue. The Kroger Company and Albertsons, Inc. accounted for approximately 22.3% and 11.8%, respectively, of our revenue in the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2003. The termination, non-renewal or renegotiation on materially adverse terms of our contracts with any one or more of our significant retail partners could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face competition. We face competition from supermarket retailers, banks and others that purchase and operate coin-counting equipment from companies such as ScanCoin AB and Cummins-Allison Corporation and service such equipment themselves or through third parties. Additionally, some banks may provide coin counting without charge.
Many of our potential competitors with respect to coin counting or the development of new products, services and enhancements have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and public relations resources than we have. These potential competitors may succeed in developing technologies, products or services that are more effective, less costly or more widely used than those that have been or are being developed by us or that would render our technologies or products obsolete or noncompetitive. Competitive pressures could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Our future success may depend in part on our ability to penetrate new markets and distribution channels. We currently derive, and expect to derive for the near term, substantially all of our revenue from the operation of our coin-counting units. In order to continue our unit installation growth, we will need to develop operational or unit production cost efficiencies that make it feasible for us to penetrate lower density markets and/or new distribution channels. In 2003, we began installing more units in lower density markets and intend to continue to install in these areas as we are able to obtain continued economies of scale. We may be unable to drive down costs relating to the manufacture, installation or servicing of Coinstar units or transportation and coin-processing costs to levels that would enable us to operate profitably in such markets.
Our future success may depend in part on our ability to develop and commercialize new products and services. Our future growth will depend in part on our success in developing and commercializing new products and services. For example, we have recently begun to upgrade certain Coinstar units to provide consumers with a means to purchase prepaid products, including MasterCard cards and wireless airtime. Currently we have rolled out our prepaid wireless and prepaid MasterCard products to consumers and are offering these services in over 600 locations. In order to develop and commercialize new products or services, we will need to enhance the capabilities of our units and our network and establish market acceptance of such products or services. Furthermore, we may need to hire additional qualified employees and enter into relationships with third parties to assist in the development and commercialization of new products and enhancements. We may be unable to develop new products or services that generate acceptable market acceptance or establish third party relationships necessary to develop and commercialize such products or services. Moreover, additional products or services that we may attempt to commercialize may not prove successful.
We may be unable to adequately protect or enforce our patents and proprietary rights. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property and maintain the proprietary nature of our technology through a combination of patents, licenses and other intellectual property arrangements, without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. We have significant United States and international patents relevant to aspects of self-service coin counting, machine networking and fraud avoidance and voucher authentication, among other areas. We also have additional patent applications pending in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions directed to this technology.
Our patents may not be held valid if challenged, pending patent applications may not be issued, and other parties may claim rights in or ownership of our patents and other proprietary rights. Moreover, patents issued to us may be circumvented or fail to provide adequate protection of our technologies. Further, our competitors might independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technologies.
Since many patent applications in the United States are not publicly disclosed until the patent is issued, others may have filed applications, which, if issued as patents, could cover our products. Accordingly, others may assert claims of patent infringement or misappropriation against us based on current or pending United States and/or foreign patents, copyrights or trade secrets. If such claims were successful, our business could be harmed. In addition, defending our company and our retail partners against these types of claims, regardless of their merits, could require us to incur substantial costs and divert the attention of key personnel. Parties making these types of claims may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief which could effectively block our ability to provide our coin processing service and use our processing equipment in the United States and abroad, and could result in an award of substantial damages. If third parties have or obtain proprietary rights that our products infringe, we may be unable to obtain necessary licenses from others at a reasonable cost or at all. We have from time to time engaged in discussions with a former supplier, ScanCoin AB, in an effort to clarify certain contract rights and obligations as well as ownership of certain of our intellectual property.
We also rely on trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. Although we protect our proprietary technology in part by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, vendors and
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corporate partners, these parties may breach these agreements, we may have inadequate remedies for any breach and our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be discovered independently by our competitors. The failure to protect our intellectual property rights effectively or to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights of others could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we instigate litigation to enforce our patents or proprietary rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of other parties proprietary rights, such litigation could cause us to spend significant financial and management resources.
Future acquisitions and investments may harm our business. As part of our business strategy, we may seek to acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies that we feel could complement or expand our business. If we identify an appropriate acquisition or investment opportunity, we may not be able to negotiate the terms of that transaction successfully, finance it, or effectively integrate it into our existing business and operations. Further, the negotiation of potential acquisitions, as well as the integration of an acquired business, will divert management time and other resources. We may have to use a substantial portion of our available cash or incur additional indebtedness to consummate a transaction. On the other hand, if we consummate acquisitions through an exchange of our securities, our stockholders could suffer significant dilution. In addition, we cannot assure you that any particular transaction, even if successfully completed, will ultimately benefit our business.
Our future operating results may fluctuate. Our future operating results will depend significantly on our ability to continue to drive new and repeat customer utilization of our coin-counting service. Our future operating results also may fluctuate based upon many other factors, including:
| | the transaction fee we charge consumers to use our service, |
| | the amount of our service fee that we pay to our retail partners, |
| | our ability to maintain relationships with significant retail partners, |
| | the commercial success of our retail partners, which could be affected by such factors as severe weather or strikes, |
| | the timing of, and our ability to, develop and successfully commercialize product enhancements and new products, |
| | the level of product and price competition, |
| | our success in maintaining and expanding our network and managing our growth, |
| | the successful operation of our coin processing network, |
| | our ability to control costs, and |
| | activities of and acquisitions by competitors. |
Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile. Our stock price has fluctuated substantially since our initial public offering in July 1997. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2003, the price of our common stock ranged from $11.65 to $25.79 per share. The market price of our stock could decline from current levels or continue to fluctuate. The market price of our stock may be significantly affected by the following factors:
| | the termination or non-renewal of one or more retail partner relationships, |
| | operating results below market expectations and changes in, or our failure to meet, financial estimates by securities analysts or our own guidance, |
| | trends and fluctuations in the use of our Coinstar units, |
| | period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results, |
| | release of analyst reports, |
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| | announcements regarding the establishment, modification or termination of relationships regarding the development of new products and services, |
| | announcements of technological innovations or new products or services by us or our competitors, |
| | industry developments, and |
| | economic or other external factors. |
In addition, the securities markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also seriously harm the market price of our common stock.
We depend upon third-party manufacturers, suppliers and service providers. We do not currently conduct manufacturing operations and depend, and will continue to depend, on outside parties to manufacture Coinstar units and key components of these units. We intend to continue to expand our installed base both in North America and in the United Kingdom and such expansion may be limited by the manufacturing capacity of our third-party manufacturers and suppliers. Although we expect that our current contract manufacturers will be able to produce sufficient units to meet projected demand, they may not be able to meet our manufacturing needs in a satisfactory and timely manner. If there is an unanticipated increase in demand for Coinstar unit installations, we may be unable to meet such demand due to manufacturing constraints.
We obtain some key hardware components used in the Coinstar units from a limited number of suppliers. We may be unable to continue to obtain an adequate supply of these components in a timely manner or, if necessary, from alternative sources. If we are unable to obtain sufficient quantities of components or to locate alternative sources of supply on a timely basis, we may experience delays in installing or maintaining Coinstar units, either of which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on third-party service providers for substantial support and service efforts that we currently do not provide directly. In particular, we contract with armored car carriers and other third-party providers to arrange for pick-up, processing and deposit of coins. We generally contract with a single transportation provider and coin processor to service a particular region and either party generally can terminate the contracts with advance notice ranging from 30 to 90 days. We do not currently have nor do we expect to have in the foreseeable future the internal capability to provide back-up coin processing service in the event of a sudden disruption in service from a commercial coin processor. Any failure by us to maintain our existing coin processing relationships or to establish new relationships on a timely basis or on acceptable terms would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend upon key personnel. Our performance is substantially dependent on the continued services of certain executive officers and key employees. Our long-term success will depend on our ability to retain and motivate highly skilled personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense. Recruiting qualified personnel can be a time-consuming and lengthy process, and we may experience difficulties in the future which could lead to certain positions being unfilled for a period of time. The inability to attract and retain essential technical and managerial personnel could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and government regulation. Our current business is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and government regulation, including government regulation relating to coins, consumer protection, vehicle safety, access to machines in public places, charitable fundraising, the transfer of money or things of value, and sweepstakes and contests. Given the unique nature of our business and new products and services we may develop in the future, the application of various laws and regulations to our business is or in the future may be uncertain. The application of existing laws and regulations, changes in or enactment of new laws and regulations that apply or may in the future apply to our current or future products or services, or changes in governmental authorities interpretation of the application of various government regulations to our business, may materially affect our business in the future.
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Our credit agreement restricts us from taking certain actions that could be beneficial to our business. As of December 31, 2003, we had outstanding indebtedness under our credit agreement of $15.8 million which included $13.3 million of term debt and $2.5 million of revolving debt. The credit agreement governing our indebtedness contains financial and other covenants that could impair our flexibility and restrict our ability to pursue growth opportunities. The credit agreement contains negative covenants and restrictions on actions by us including, without limitation, restrictions on certain common stock repurchases, liens, investments, capital expenditures, indebtedness, restricted payments including cash payments of dividends, and fundamental changes or dispositions of our assets, among other restrictions. In addition, the credit agreement requires that we meet certain financial covenants, ratios and tests, including maintaining a minimum quarterly consolidated net worth, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, minimum quarterly EBITDA, a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum net cash balance, all as defined in the agreement. If the covenants are not met our lenders would be entitled, under certain circumstances, to declare such indebtedness immediately due and payable.
There are risks associated with conducting business internationally. We currently have operations in Canada and the United Kingdom and intend to continue increasing our deployment of Coinstar units internationally. Exposure to exchange rate risks, restrictions on the repatriation of funds, adverse changes in tax, tariff and trade regulations, difficulties with foreign distributors and difficulties in managing an organization that is not based in the United States are risks that could seriously harm the development of our business and ability to operate our machines profitably.
Defects, lack of confidence in, or failures of our operating system could harm our business. We collect financial and operating data and monitor performance of Coinstar units, through a two-way wide-area communications network connecting each of the Coinstar units with a central computing system at our headquarters. This information is used to track the flow of coins, verify coin counts and schedule maintenance and repair services and coin pick-up. The operation of Coinstar units depends on sophisticated software, computing systems and communication services that may contain undetected errors or may be subject to failures. These errors may arise particularly when new services or service enhancements are added. The accuracy of the coin-counting functionality of our machines is important to our customers and our retail partners. The failure to maintain customer confidence in our technology and systems could harm our business. Although each Coinstar unit is designed to store all data collected, this functionality may fail. Our inability to collect the data from our Coinstar units could lead to a delay in processing coins and crediting the accounts of our retail partners for vouchers that have already been redeemed. The design of the operating systems to prevent loss of data may not operate as intended. Any loss or delay in collecting coin processing data could seriously harm our operations.
We have in the past experienced limited delays and disruptions resulting from upgrading or improving our operating systems. Although such disruptions have not had a material effect on our operations, future upgrades or improvements could result in delays or disruptions that may seriously harm our operations.
We rely on a long distance telecommunication network that is not owned by us and is subject to service disruptions. Further, while we have taken significant steps to protect the security of our network, security breaches may result from intentional acts of third parties or from computer viruses. Any service disruptions, whether due to errors or delays in our software or computing systems, interruptions or breaches in the communications network, or security breaches of the system, could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Some anti-takeover provisions may affect the price of our common stock and make it harder for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our board of directors. We have implemented anti-takeover provisions that may discourage takeover attempts and depress the market price of our stock. Provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and rights plan could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. Delaware law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any acquirer of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. Furthermore, Washington law may impose additional restrictions on mergers and other business
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combinations between us and any acquirer of 10% or more of our outstanding common stock. These provisions may make it harder for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our board of directors, even if the offer from a third party may be considered beneficial by some stockholders.
Where You Can Get Information We File with the SEC
We maintain an Internet site at http://www.coinstar.com. We make available free of charge on or through our Internet site, proxy information, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We will voluntarily provide electronic or paper copies of our filings free of charge upon request.
Our principal administrative, marketing and product development facility is located in a 46,070 square foot facility in Bellevue, Washington, under a lease that renewed on January 1, 2004 and expires December 1, 2009. We also lease a 24,367 square foot warehouse facility in Kent, Washington under a lease agreement that commenced on April 1, 2002 and expires March 31, 2005.
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Our management does not expect that the results in any of these legal proceedings would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2003.
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Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters.
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol CSTR. The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices per share as reported by the Nasdaq National Market for our common stock for each quarter during the last two fiscal years. The quotations represent inter-dealer prices without retail markup, markdown or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
| High |
Low | |||||
| Fiscal 2002: |
||||||
| First Quarter |
$ | 34.00 | $ | 23.55 | ||
| Second Quarter |
34.98 | 23.25 | ||||
| Third Quarter |
34.20 | 21.81 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter |
32.40 | 22.40 | ||||
| Fiscal 2003: |
||||||
| First Quarter |
$ | 25.79 | $ | 13.90 | ||
| Second Quarter |
21.90 | 14.95 | ||||
| Third Quarter |
19.78 | 11.65 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter |
19.28 | 13.33 | ||||
The last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market on January 16, 2004 was $17.71 per share.
Holders
As of January 16, 2004, there were 125 holders of record of our common stock. This does not include the number of persons whose stock is in nominee or street name accounts through brokers.
Dividends
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We may choose to retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, our credit agreement contains restrictions on the payment of dividends.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
We did not complete any sales of unregistered securities during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.
Equity Compensation Plan Table
We will furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission a definitive Proxy Statement not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003. The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following selected financial data is qualified by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements of Coinstar, Inc. and related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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| Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share, per unit data and where noted) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statements of Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue |
$ | 176,136 | $ | 155,675 | $ | 129,352 | $ | 102,609 | $ | 77,688 | ||||||||||
| Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating |
76,826 | 67,788 | 58,072 | 48,184 | 38,836 | |||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
11,119 | 9,273 | 9,188 | 11,368 | ||||||||||||||||