UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
For Annual Reports Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2003
Commission File Number 0-19019
PRIMEDEX HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| New York | 13-3326724 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
| 1510 Cotner Avenue Los Angeles, California |
90025 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) | |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (310) 478-7808
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.01 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2) Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the registrants common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $6,075,330 on April 29, 2003 (the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter) based on the closing price for the common stock on the Nasdaq Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board on said date.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
Yes x No ¨
The number of shares of the registrants common stock outstanding on January 30, 2004 was 41,106,813 shares (excluding treasury shares).
-1-
PART I
| Item 1. | Business |
Business Overview
We operate a group of regional networks comprised of 55 fixed-site, freestanding outpatient diagnostic imaging facilities in California. We believe our group of regional networks is the largest of its kind in California. We have strategically organized our facilities into regional networks in markets which have both high-density and expanding populations, as well as attractive payor diversity.
All of our facilities employ state-of-the-art equipment and technology in modern, patient-friendly settings. Many of our facilities within a particular region are interconnected and integrated through our advanced information technology system. Twenty-five of our facilities are multi-modality sites, offering various combinations of magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, computed tomography, or CT, positron emission tomography, or PET, nuclear medicine, mammography, ultrasound, diagnostic radiology, or X-ray, and fluoroscopy. Thirty of our facilities are single-modality sites, offering either X-ray or MRI. Consistent with our regional network strategy, we locate our single-modality facilities near multi-modality sites to help accommodate overflow in targeted demographic areas.
At our facilities, we provide all of the equipment as well as all non-medical operational, management, financial and administrative services necessary to provide diagnostic imaging services. We give our facility managers authority to run our facilities to meet the demands of local market conditions, while our corporate structure provides economies of scale, corporate training programs, standardized policies and procedures and sharing of best practices across our networks. Each of our facility managers is responsible for meeting our standards of patient service, managing relationships with local physicians and payors and maintaining profitability.
Howard G. Berger, M.D. is our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, a member of our Board of Directors and owns approximately 30% of our outstanding common stock. Dr. Berger also owns, indirectly, 99% of the equity interests in Beverly Radiology Medical Group III, or BRMG. BRMG provides all of the professional medical services at 42 of our facilities under a management agreement with us, and contracts with various other independent physicians and physician groups to provide all of the professional medical services at most of our other facilities. We obtain professional medical services from BRMG, rather than provide such services directly or through subsidiaries, in order to comply with Californias prohibition against the corporate practice of medicine. However, as a result of our close relationship with Dr. Berger and BRMG, we believe that we are able to better ensure that medical service is provided at our facilities in a manner consistent with our needs and expectations and those of our referring physicians, patients and payors than if we obtained these services from unaffiliated physician groups.
We derive substantially all of our revenue, directly or indirectly, from fees charged for the diagnostic imaging services performed at our facilities. For the year ended October 31, 2003, we performed 947,032 diagnostic imaging scans and generated net revenue from continuing operations of $140.3 million. We have achieved substantial growth in recent years, having increased net revenue from continuing operations from $107.6 million for the year ended October 31, 2001 to $140.3 million for the year ended October 31, 2003.
-2-
The following table illustrates our growth over the five-year period ended October 31, 2003:
| Year Ended October 31, | ||||||||||
| 1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 | ||||||
| Total number of MRI, CT and PET systems (at end of year)* |
38 | 45 | 52 | 60 | 63 | |||||
| Total number of scans performed* |
490,135 | 600,667 | 690,484 | 877,574 | 947,032 | |||||
| * | Excludes discontinued operation. |
Industry Overview
Diagnostic imaging involves the use of non-invasive procedures to generate representations of internal anatomy and function that can be recorded on film or digitized for display on a video monitor. Diagnostic imaging procedures facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders and may reduce unnecessary invasive procedures, often minimizing the cost and amount of care for patients. Diagnostic imaging procedures include MRI, CT, PET, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, mammography, X-ray and fluoroscopy.
While general X-ray remains the most commonly performed diagnostic imaging procedure, the fastest growing and higher margin procedures are MRI, CT and PET. The rapid growth in PET scans is attributable to the recent introduction of reimbursement by payors of PET procedures. The number of MRI and CT scans continues to grow due to their wider acceptance by physicians and payors, an increasing number of applications for their use and a general increase in demand due to the aging population in the United States.
IMV, a provider of database and market information products and services to the analytical, clinical diagnostic, biotechnology, life science and medical imaging industries, estimates that over 21.9 million MRI procedures and 45.4 million CT procedures were conducted in the United States in 2002, representing a 22% and 15% increase over the 2001 volume of MRI and CT procedures, respectively, and that approximately 9% of those MRI procedures and 8% of those CT procedures were performed in California. IMV indicates that the number of MRI procedures in the United States has increased at a rate of 14% per year since 1998. This data is particularly relevant to us, given that revenue from MRI and CT scans constituted approximately 66% of our net revenue for the year ended October 31, 2003.
Industry Trends
We believe that the diagnostic imaging services industry will continue to grow as a result of a number of factors, including the following:
Escalating Demand for Healthcare Services from an Aging Population. Persons over the age of 65 comprise one of the fastest growing segments of the population in the United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, this group is expected to increase as much as 14% from 2000 to 2010. Because diagnostic imaging use tends to increase as a person ages, we believe the aging population will generate more demand for diagnostic imaging procedures.
Expanding Cost Effective Applications for Diagnostic Imaging Technology. New technological developments are expected to extend the clinical uses of diagnostic imaging technology and increase the number of scans performed. Recent technological advancements include:
| | MRI spectroscopy, which can differentiate malignant from benign lesions; |
-3-
| | MRI angiography, which can produce three-dimensional images of body parts and assess the status of blood vessels; |
| | Enhancements in teleradiology systems, which permit the digital transmission of radiological images from one location to another for interpretation by radiologists at remote locations; and |
| | The development of combined PET/CT scanners, which combine the technology from PET and CT to create a powerful diagnostic imaging system. |
Additional improvements in imaging technologies, contrast agents and scan capabilities are leading to new non-invasive methods of diagnosing blockages in the hearts vital coronary arteries, liver metastases, pelvic diseases and vascular abnormalities without exploratory surgery. We believe that the use of the diagnostic capabilities of MRI and other imaging services will continue to increase because they are cost-effective, time-efficient and non-invasive, as compared to alternative procedures, including surgery, and that newer technologies and future technological advancements will continue the increased use of imaging services. In addition, we believe the growing popularity of elective full-body scans will further increase the use of imaging services. At the same time, we believe the industry has increasingly used upgrades to existing equipment to expand applications, extend the useful life of existing equipment, improve image quality, reduce image acquisition time and increase the volume of scans that can be performed. We believe this trend toward equipment upgrades rather than equipment replacements will continue, as we do not foresee new imaging technologies on the horizon that will displace MRI, CT or PET as the principal advanced diagnostic imaging modalities.
Wider Physician and Payor Acceptance of the Use of Imaging. During the last 30 years, there has been a major effort undertaken by the medical and scientific communities to develop higher quality, cost-effective diagnostic imaging technologies and to minimize the risks associated with the application of these technologies. The thrust of product development during this period has largely been to reduce the hazards associated with conventional X-ray and nuclear medicine techniques and to develop new, harmless imaging technologies. As a result, the use of advanced diagnostic imaging modalities, such as MRI, CT and PET, which provide superior image quality compared to other diagnostic imaging technologies, has increased rapidly in recent years. These advanced modalities allow physicians to diagnose a wide variety of diseases and injuries quickly and accurately without exploratory surgery or other surgical or invasive procedures, which are usually more expensive, involve greater risk to patients and result in longer rehabilitation time. Because advanced imaging systems are increasingly seen as a tool for reducing long-term healthcare costs, they are gaining wider acceptance among payors.
Greater Consumer Awareness of and Demand for Preventive Diagnostic Screening. Diagnostic imaging is increasingly being used as a screening tool for preventive care such as elective full-body scans. Consumer awareness of and demand for diagnostic imaging as a less invasive and preventive screening method has added to the growth in diagnostic imaging procedures. We believe that further technological advancements will create demand for diagnostic imaging procedures as less invasive procedures for early diagnosis of diseases and disorders.
-4-
Diagnostic Imaging Settings
Diagnostic imaging services are typically provided in one of the following settings:
Fixed-site, freestanding outpatient diagnostic facilities. These facilities range from single-modality to multi-modality facilities and are not generally owned by hospitals or clinics. These facilities depend upon physician referrals for their patients and generally do not maintain dedicated, contractual relationships with hospitals or clinics. In fact, these facilities may compete with hospitals or clinics that have their own imaging systems to provide services to these patients. These facilities bill third-party payors, such as managed care organizations, insurance companies, Medicare or Medi-Cal. All of our facilities are in this category.
Hospitals or clinics. Many hospitals provide both inpatient and outpatient diagnostic imaging services, typically on site. These inpatient and outpatient centers are owned and operated by the hospital or clinic or jointly by both and are primarily used by patients of the hospital or clinic. The hospital or clinic bills third-party payors, such as managed care organizations, insurance companies, Medicare or Medi-Cal.
Mobile facilities. Using specially designed trailers, imaging service providers transport imaging equipment and provide services to hospitals and clinics on a part-time or full-time basis, thus allowing small to mid-size hospitals and clinics that do not have the patient demand to justify an on-site setting access to advanced diagnostic imaging technology. Diagnostic imaging providers contract directly with the hospital or clinic and are typically reimbursed directly by them.
Diagnostic Imaging Modalities
The principal diagnostic imaging modalities we use at our facilities are:
MRI. MRI has become widely accepted as the standard diagnostic tool for a wide and fast-growing variety of clinical applications for soft tissue anatomy, such as those found in the brain, spinal cord and interior ligaments of body joints such as the knee. MRI uses a strong magnetic field in conjunction with low energy electromagnetic waves that are processed by a computer to produce high-resolution, three-dimensional, cross-sectional images of body tissue, including the brain, spine, abdomen, heart and extremities. MRI systems can have either open or closed designs, routinely have magnetic field strength of 0.2 Tesla to 1.5 Tesla and are priced in the range of $0.6 million to $2.5 million.
CT. CT provides higher resolution images than conventional X-rays, but generally not as well-defined as those produced by MRI. CT uses a computer to direct the movement of an X-ray tube to produce multiple cross-sectional images of a particular organ or area of the body. CT is used to detect tumors and other conditions affecting bones and internal organs. It is also used to detect the occurrence of strokes, hemorrhages and infections. CT systems are priced in the range of $0.3 million to $1.2 million.
PET. PET scanning involves the administration of a radiopharmaceutical agent with a positron-emitting isotope and the measurement of the distribution of that isotope to create images for diagnostic purposes. PET scans provide the capability to determine how metabolic activity impacts other aspects of physiology in the disease process by correlating the reading for the PET with other tools such as CT or MRI. PET technology has been found highly effective and appropriate in certain clinical circumstances for the detection and assessment of tumors throughout the body, the evaluation of some cardiac conditions and the assessment of epilepsy seizure sites. The information
-5-
provided by PET technology often obviates the need to perform further highly invasive or diagnostic surgical procedures. PET systems are priced in the range of $0.8 million to $2.5 million. Combined PET/CT systems, which have recently become available, blend the PET and CT imaging modalities into one scanner. These combined systems are priced in the range of $2.0 million to $2.5 million.
Nuclear Medicine. Nuclear medicine uses short-lived radioactive isotopes that release small amounts of radiation that can be recorded by a gamma camera and processed by a computer to produce an image of various anatomical structures or to assess the function of various organs such as the heart, kidneys, thyroid and bones. Nuclear medicine is used primarily to study anatomic and metabolic functions.
X-ray. X-rays use roentgen rays to penetrate the body and record images of organs and structures on film. Digital X-ray systems add computer image processing capability to traditional X-ray images, which provides faster transmission of images with a higher resolution and the capability to store images more cost-effectively.
Ultrasound. Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves and their echoes to visualize and locate internal organs. It is particularly useful in viewing soft tissues that do not X-ray well. Ultrasound is used in pregnancy to avoid X-ray exposure as well as in gynecological, urologic, vascular, cardiac and breast applications.
Mammography. Mammography is a specialized form of radiology using low dosage X-rays to visualize breast tissue and is the primary screening tool for breast cancer. Mammography procedures and related services assist in the diagnosis of and treatment planning for breast cancer.
Fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy uses ionizing radiation combined with a video viewing system for real time monitoring of organs.
Competitive Strengths
Significant and Knowledgeable Participant in the Nations Largest Economy. We believe our group of regional networks of fixed-site, freestanding outpatient diagnostic imaging facilities is the largest of its kind in California, the nations largest economy and most populous state. Our two decades of experience in operating diagnostic imaging facilities in almost every major population center in California gives us intimate, first-hand knowledge of these geographic markets, as well as close, long-term relationships with key payors, radiology groups and referring physicians within these markets.
Advantages of Regional Networks with Broad Geographic Coverage. The organization of our diagnostic imaging facilities into regional networks around major population centers offers unique benefits to our patients, our referring physicians, our payors and us.
| | We are able to increase the convenience of our services to patients by implementing scheduling systems within geographic regions, where practical. For example, many of our diagnostic imaging facilities within a particular region can access the patient appointment calendars of other facilities within the same regional network to efficiently allocate time available and to meet a patients appointment, date, time or location preferences. |
| | We have found that many third-party payors representing large groups of patients often prefer to enter into managed care contracts with providers that offer a broad |
-6-
| array of diagnostic imaging services at convenient locations throughout a geographic area. We believe that our regional network approach and our utilization management system make us an attractive candidate for selection as a preferred provider for these third-party payors. |
| | Through our advanced information technology systems, we can electronically exchange information between radiologists in real time, enabling us to cover larger geographic markets by using the specialized training of other practitioners in our networks. In addition, many of our facilities digitally transmit to our headquarters, on a daily basis, comprehensive data concerning the diagnostic imaging services performed, which our corporate management closely monitors to evaluate each facilitys efficiency. Similarly, BRMG uses our advanced information technology system to closely monitor radiologists to ensure that they consistently perform at expected levels. |
| | The grouping of our facilities within regional networks enables us to easily move technologists and other personnel, as well as equipment, from under-utilized to over-utilized facilities on an as-needed basis. This results in operating efficiencies and better equipment utilization rates and improved response time for our patients. |
Comprehensive Diagnostic Imaging Services. At each of our 25 multi-modality facilities, we offer patients and referring physicians one location to serve their needs for multiple procedures. Furthermore, we have complemented many of our multi-modality sites with single-modality sites to accommodate overflow and to provide a full suite of services within a local area consistent with demand. This can help patients avoid multiple visits or lengthy journeys between facilities, thereby decreasing costs and time delays.
Strong Relationships with Experienced and Highly Regarded Radiologists. Our contracted radiologists generally have outstanding credentials and reputations, strong relationships with referring physicians, a broad mix of sub-specialties and a willingness to embrace our approach for the delivery of diagnostic imaging services. The collective experience and expertise of these radiologists translates into more accurate and efficient service to patients. Moreover, as a result of our close relationship with Dr. Berger and BRMG, we believe that we are able to better ensure that medical service is provided at our facilities in a manner consistent with our needs and expectations and those of our referring physicians, patients and payors than if we obtained these services from unaffiliated practice groups. We believe that physicians are drawn to BRMG and the other radiologist groups with whom we contract by the opportunity to work with the state-of-the-art equipment we make available to them, as well as the opportunity to receive specialized training through our fellowship programs, and engage in clinical research programs, which generally are available only in university settings and major hospitals. Also, through the use of options and warrants, we have made available to many of BRMGs key physicians the opportunity to own an equity stake in our company, which we believe further strengthens the commonality of their interests with ours.
Diversified Payor Mix. Our revenue is derived from a diverse mix of payors, including private payors, managed care capitated payors and government payors. We believe our payor diversity mitigates our exposure to possible unfavorable reimbursement trends within any one payor class. In addition, our experience with capitation arrangements over the last several years has provided us with the expertise to manage utilization and pricing effectively, resulting in a predictable stream of profitable revenue. With the exception of Blue Cross/Blue Shield and government payors, no single payor accounted for more than 5% of our net revenue for the year ended October 31, 2003.
-7-
Experienced and Committed Management Team. Dr. Howard Berger, Norman Hames, our Chief Operating Officer, and Dr. John Crues III, a Vice President of our company, together have close to 75 years of healthcare management experience. Our executive management team has created our differentiated approach based on their comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic imaging industry and the dynamics of our regional markets. Our management beneficially owns approximately 32% of our common stock.
Business Strategy
Maximizing Performance at Our Existing Facilities. We intend to enhance our operations and increase scan volume and revenue at our existing facilities by:
| | Establishing new referring physician and payor relationships; |
| | Increasing patient referrals through targeted marketing efforts to referring physicians; |
| | Adding modalities and increasing imaging capacity through equipment upgrades to existing machinery, additional machinery and relocating machinery to meet the needs of our regional markets; |
| | Leveraging our multi-modality offerings to increase the number of high-end procedures performed; and |
| | Building upon our capitation arrangements to obtain fee-for-service business. |
Focusing on Profitable Contracting. We regularly evaluate our contracts with third-party payors and radiology groups, as well as our equipment and real property leases, to determine how we may improve the terms to increase our revenues and reduce our expenses. Because many of our contracts have one-year terms, we can regularly renegotiate these contracts if necessary. We believe our position as a leading provider of diagnostic imaging services in California, our experience and knowledge of the various geographic markets in California and the benefits offered by our regional networks enable us to obtain more favorable contract terms than would be available to smaller or less experienced organizations.
Expanding MRI and CT Applications. We intend to continue to use expanding MRI and CT applications as they become commercially available. Most of these applications can be performed by existing MRI and CT systems with some upgraded software and hardware enhancements. We also intend to introduce applications that will decrease scan and image-reading time, to increase our productivity.
Optimizing Operating Efficiencies. We intend to maximize our equipment utilization by adding, upgrading and re-deploying equipment where we experience excess demand. We will continue to trim excess operating and general and administrative costs where it is feasible to do so, including consolidating, divesting or closing underperforming facilities to reduce operating costs and improve operating income. We also may continue to use, where appropriate, highly-trained radiology physician assistants to perform, under appropriate supervision of radiologists, basic services traditionally performed by radiologists. We will continue to upgrade our advanced information technology system to create cost reductions for our facilities in areas such as image storage, support personnel and financial management.
-8-
Expanding Our Networks. We intend to expand our networks of facilities through new developments and acquisitions, using a disciplined approach for evaluating and entering new areas, including consideration of whether we have adequate financial resources to expand. We perform extensive due diligence before developing a new facility or acquiring an existing facility, including surveying local referral sources and radiologists, as well as examining the demographics, reimbursement environment, competitive landscape and intrinsic demand of the geographic market. We generally will only enter new markets where:
| | There is sufficient patient demand for outpatient diagnostic imaging services; |
| | We believe we can gain significant market share; |
| | We can build key referral relationships or we have already established such relationships; and |
| | Payors are receptive to our entry into the market. |
Our Services
We offer the following services: MRI, CT, PET, nuclear medicine, X-ray, ultrasound, mammography and fluoroscopy. Our facilities provide standardized services, regardless of location, to ensure patients, physicians and payors consistency in service and quality. We monitor our level of service, including patient satisfaction, timeliness of services to patients and reports to physicians.
The key features of our services include:
| | Patient-friendly, non-clinical environments; |
| | A 24-hour turnaround on routine examinations; |
| | Interpretations within one to two hours, if needed; |
| | Flexible patient scheduling, including same-day appointments; |
| | Extended operating hours, including weekends; |
| | Reports delivered via courier, fax or email; |
| | Availability of second opinions and consultations; |
| | Availability of sub-specialty interpretations at no additional charge; |
| | Standardized fee schedules by region; and |
| | Fees that are more competitive than hospital fees. |
Radiology Professionals
In California, a lay person or any entity other than a professional corporation is not allowed to practice medicine, including by employing professional persons or by having any ownership interest or profit participation in or control over any medical professional practice. This doctrine is
-9-
commonly referred to as the prohibition on the corporate practice of medicine. In order to comply with this prohibition, we contract, directly or through BRMG, with radiologists to provide professional medical services in our facilities, including the supervision and interpretation of diagnostic imaging procedures. The radiology practice maintains full control over the physicians it employs. Pursuant to each management contract, we make available the imaging facility and all of the furniture and medical equipment at the facility for use by the radiology practice, and the practice is responsible for staffing the facility with qualified professional medical personnel. In addition, we provide management services and administration of the non-medical functions relating to the professional medical practice at the facility, including among other functions, provision of clerical and administrative personnel, bookkeeping and accounting services, billing and collection, provision of medical and office supplies, secretarial, reception and transcription services, maintenance of medical records, and advertising, marketing and promotional activities. As compensation for the services furnished under contracts with radiologists, we generally receive an agreed percentage of the medical practice billings for, or collections from, services provided at the facility, typically varying between 74% to 84% of net revenue or collections.
At 42 of our facilities, BRMG is our contracted radiology group. At October 31, 2003, BRMG employed approximately 42 full-time and six part-time radiologists. At the balance of our facilities we contract, directly or through BRMG, with other radiology groups to provide the professional medical services. At the two imaging facilities owned by Burbank Advanced Imaging Center LLC and Rancho Bernardo Advanced Imaging Center LLC, we are entitled, for our services as manager of limited liability company, to a management fee of 10% of the collected revenue of each company after deduction of the professional fees. In addition, as a member owning 75% of the equity interests of those limited liability companies, we are entitled to 75% of income after a deduction of all expenses, including amounts paid for medical services and medical supervision.
Under our management agreement with BRMG, BRMG pays us, as compensation for the use of our facilities and equipment and for our services, a percentage of the gross amounts collected for the professional services it renders. The percentage is adjusted annually to ensure that the parties receive the fair value for the services they render.
The following are the other principal terms of our management agreement with BRMG:
| | The agreement expires on January 1, 2014. However, the agreement automatically renews for consecutive 10-year periods, unless either party delivers a notice of non-renewal to the other party no later than six months prior to the scheduled expiration date. In addition, either party may terminate the agreement if the other party defaults under its obligations, after notice and an opportunity to cure, and we may terminate the agreement if Dr. Berger no longer owns at least 60% of the equity of BRMG. |
| | At its expense, BRMG employs or contracts with an adequate number of physicians necessary to provide all professional medical services at all of our facilities. |
| | At our expense, we provide all furniture, furnishings and medical equipment located at the facilities and we manage and administer all non-medical functions at, and provide all nurses and other non-physician personnel required for the operation of, the facilities. |
-10-
| | If BRMG wants to open a new facility, we have the right of first refusal to provide the space and services for the facility under the same terms and conditions set forth in the management agreement. |
| | If we want to open a new facility, BRMG must use its best efforts to provide medical personnel under the same terms and conditions set forth in the management agreement. If BRMG cannot provide such personnel, we have the right to contract with other physicians to provide services at the facility. |
| | BRMG must maintain medical malpractice insurance for each of its physicians with coverage limits not less than $1 million per incident and $3 million in the aggregate per year. BRMG also has agreed to indemnify us for any losses we suffer that arise out of the acts or omissions of BRMG and its employees, contractors and agents. |
Payors
We derive substantially all of our revenue, directly or indirectly, from fees charged for the diagnostic imaging services performed at our facilities. These fees are paid by a diverse mix of payors, as illustrated for the year ended October 31, 2003 by the following table:
| Payor Type |
Percentage of Net Revenue |
||
| Insurance1 |
41 | % | |
| Managed Care Capitated Payors |
22 | ||
| Medicare/Medi-Cal |
15 | ||
| Other2 |
15 | ||
| Workers Compensation/Personal Injury |
7 |
| 1 | Includes Blue Cross/Blue Shield, which represented 12% of our net revenue for the year ended October 31, 2003. |
| 2 | Includes co-payments, direct patient payments and payments through contracts with physician groups and other non-insurance company payors. |
With the exception of Blue Cross/Blue Shield and government payors, no single payor accounted for more than 5% of our net revenue for the year ended October 31, 2003.
We have described below the types of reimbursement arrangements we have, directly or indirectly, including through BRMG, with third-party payors.
Insurance
Generally, insurance companies reimburse us, directly or indirectly, including through BRMG, on the basis of agreed upon rates. These rates are on average approximately the same as the rates set forth in the Medicare Fee Schedule for the particular service. The patients are generally not responsible for any amount above the insurance allowable amount.
Managed Care Capitation Agreements
Under these agreements, which are generally between BRMG and the payor, typically an independent physicians group or other medical group, the payor pays a pre-determined amount per-member per-month in exchange for BRMG providing all necessary covered services to the
-11-
managed care members included in the agreement. These contracts pass much of the financial risk of providing outpatient diagnostic imaging services, including the risk of over-use, from the payor to BRMG and, as a result of our management agreement with BRMG, to us.
We believe that through our comprehensive utilization management, or UM, program we have become highly skilled at assessing and moderating the risks associated with the capitation agreements, so that these agreements are profitable for us. Our UM program is managed by our UM department, which consists of administrative and nursing staff as well as BRMG medical staff who are actively involved with the referring physicians and payor management in both prospective and retrospective review programs. Our UM program includes the following features, all of which are designed to manage our costs while ensuring that patients receive appropriate care:
Physician Education. At the inception of a new capitation agreement, we provide the new referring physicians with binders of educational material comprised of proprietary information that we have prepared and third-party information we have compiled, which are designed to address diagnostic strategies for common diseases. We distribute additional material according to the referral practices of the group as determined in the retrospective analysis described below.
Prospective Review. Referring physicians are required to submit authorization requests for non-emergency high-intensity services: MRI, CT, special procedures and nuclear medicine studies. The UM medical staff, according to accepted practice guidelines, considers the necessity and appropriateness of each request. Notification is then sent to the imaging facility, referring physician and medical group. Appeals for cases not approved are directed to us. The capitated payor has the final authority to uphold or deny our recommendation.
Retrospective Review. We collect and sort encounter activity by payor, place of service, referring physician, exam type and date of service. The data is then presented in quantitative and analytical form to facilitate understanding of utilization activity and to provide a comparison between fee-for-service and Medicare equivalents. Our Medical Director prepares a quarterly report for each payor and referring physician, which we send to them. When we find that a referring physician is overutilizing services, we work with the physician to modify referral patterns.
Medicare/Medi-Cal
Medicare is the national health insurance program for people age 65 or older and people under age 65 with certain disabilities. Medi-Cal is the California health insurance program for qualifying low income persons. Medicare and Medi-Cal reimburse us, directly or indirectly, including through BRMG, in accordance with the Medicare Fee Schedule, which is a schedule of rates applicable to particular services and annually adjusted upwards or downwards, typically, within a 4-8% range. Medicare patients are not responsible for any amount above the Medicare allowable amount. Medi-Cal patients are not responsible for the unreimbursed portion.
Contracts with Physician Groups and Other Non-Insurance Company Payors
These payors reimburse us, directly or indirectly, on the basis of agreed upon rates. These rates are typically set at 70-80% of the rates set forth in the Medicare Fee Schedule for the particular service. However, we often agree to a specified rate for MRI and CT procedures which is not tied to the Medicare Fee Schedule. The patients are generally not responsible for the unreimbursed portion.
-12-
Facilities
Through our wholly owned subsidiaries, we operate 53 fixed-site, freestanding outpatient diagnostic imaging facilities in California. We lease the premises at which these facilities are located, with the exception of two facilities located in buildings we own. We lease the land on which both of those buildings are located.
Through two joint venture limited liability companies in which we have a 75% ownership interest, we operate two fixed-site, freestanding outpatient diagnostic imaging facilities in Southern California. The limited liability companies lease the premises on which these facilities are located.
Our facilities are located in regional networks that we refer to as regions. Twenty-five of our facilities are multi-modality sites, offering various combinations of MRI, CT, PET, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, X-ray and fluoroscopy services. Thirty of our facilities are single-modality sites, offering either X-ray or MRI services. Consistent with our regional network strategy, we locate our single-modality facilities near multi-modality facilities, to help accommodate overflow in targeted demographic areas.
The following table sets forth the number of our facilities for each year during the five-year period ended October 31, 2003:
| Year Ended October 31, |
||||||||||||||
| 1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
||||||||||
| Total facilities owned or managed (at beginning of year) |
31 | 37 | 42 | 46 | 58 | |||||||||
| Facilities added by: |
||||||||||||||
| Acquisition |
1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | | |||||||||
| Internal development |
10 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 3 | |||||||||
| Facilities closed or sold |
(5 | ) | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | | (6 | ) | |||||
| Total facilities owned (at end of year) |
37 | 42 | 46 | 58 | 55 | |||||||||
Diagnostic Imaging Equipment
The following table indicates as of December 31, 2003, the quantity of principal diagnostic equipment available at our facilities, by region:
| MRI |
Open MRI |
CT |
PET/CT |
Mammo- graphy |
Ultra- sound |
X-ray |
Nuclear Medicine |
Total | ||||||||||
| Tower |
3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22 | |||||||||
| Ventura |
2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 3 | 44 | |||||||||
| San Fernando Valley |
4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 28 | |||||||||
| Antelope Valley |
1 | 1 | 1 | | 3 | 4 | 6 | | 16 | |||||||||
| Central California |
3 | 2 | 5 | | 6 | 10 | 12 | | 38 | |||||||||
| Northern California |
1 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | 5 | |||||||||
| Orange |
2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 19 | |||||||||
| Long Beach |
1 | | 1 | | 3 | 3 | 6 | | 14 | |||||||||
| Northern San Diego |
| 1 | 1 | | | 1 | 1 | | 4 | |||||||||
| Palm Springs |
1 | 1 | 1 | | 3 | 5 | 3 | | 14 | |||||||||
| Inland Empire |
4 | 1 | 4 | | 7 | 9 | 13 | | 38 | |||||||||
| Total |
22 | 14 | 23 | 4 | 40 | 57 | 74 | 8 | 242 | |||||||||
The average age of our MRI and CT units is less than four years, and the average age of our PET units is less than two years. The useful life of our MRI, CT and PET units is typically ten years.
-13-
Information Technology
Our corporate headquarters and substantially all of our 55 facilities are interconnected through a state-of-the-art information technology system. This system, which is compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, is comprised of a number of integrated applications, provides a single operating platform for billing and collections, electronic medical records, practice management and image management.
This technology has created cost reductions for our facilities in areas such as image storage, support personnel and financial management and has further allowed us to optimize the productivity of all aspects of our business by enabling us to:
| | Capture all necessary patient demographic, history and billing information at point-of-service; |
| | Automatically generate bills and electronically file claims with third-party payors; |
| | Record and store diagnostic report images in digital format; |
| | Digitally transmit on a real time basis diagnostic images from one location to another, thus enabling networked radiologists to cover larger geographic markets by using the specialized training of other networked radiologists; |
| | Perform claims, rejection and collection analysis; and |
| | Perform sophisticated financial analysis, such as analyzing cost and profitability, volume, charges, current activity and patient case mix with respect to each of our managed care contracts. |
Currently diagnostic reports and images are accessible via the Internet to our referring providers. We are in the process of working with some of the larger medical groups we have contracts with to provide access to this content via their web portals.
Personnel
At October 31, 2003, we had a total of 474 full-time, 92 part-time and 238 per-diem employees. These numbers do not include the 42 full-time and six part-time radiologists and the 400 full-time and 60 part-time technologists then employed by BRMG.
We employ a site manager who is responsible for overseeing day-to-day and routine operations at each of our facilities, including staffing, modality and schedule coordination, referring physician and patient relations and purchasing of materials. In turn, our nine regional managers and directors are responsible for oversight of the operations of all facilities within their region, including sales, marketing and contracting. The regional managers and directors, along with our directors of contracting, marketing, facilities, management/purchasing and human resources report to our chief operating officer. Our directors of finance and information services, and our medical director report to our chief executive officer.
None of our employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement nor have we experienced any work stoppages. We believe our relationship with our employees is good.
-14-