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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 


 

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2003

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Commission File Number: 000-22793

 


 

PRICESMART, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

DELAWARE   33-0628530
(State of other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

4649 MORENA BLVD., SAN DIEGO, CA 92117

(Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 581-4530

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, $.0001 Par Value    The NASDAQ National Market

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes  ¨    No  x

 

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of February 28, 2003 was $71,216,847, based on the last reported sale of $15.87 per share on February 28, 2003.

 

As of December 5, 2003, a total of 7,362,005 shares of Common Stock were outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2003 are incorporated by reference into Part II of this Form 10-K.

 

Portions of the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on January 8, 2004 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 



Table of Contents

PRICESMART, INC.

 

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Year Ended August 31, 2003

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

     PART I     

Item 1.

  

Business

   1

Item 2.

  

Properties

   13

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

   15

Item 4.

  

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   15
     PART II     

Item 5.

  

Market for Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters

   16

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

   16

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   16

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   16

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements

   16

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   16

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

   16
     PART III     

Item 10.

  

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

   19

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

   19

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

   19

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

   19

Item 14.

  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   19
     PART IV     

Item 15.

  

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K

   20

 

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PART I

 

Item 1. Business

 

This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements concerning PriceSmart, Inc.’s (“PriceSmart” or the “Company”) anticipated future revenues and earnings, adequacy of future cash flow and related matters. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements containing the words “expect,” “believe,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “project,” “estimate,” “scheduled” and like expressions, and the negative thereof. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the statements, including foreign exchange risks, political or economic instability of host countries, and competition as well as those risks described in the Company’s Securities and Exchange Commission reports, including the risk factors referenced in this Form 10-K. See “Factors That May Affect Future Performance.”

 

PriceSmart’s business consists primarily of international membership shopping warehouse clubs similar to, but smaller in size than, warehouse clubs in the United States. The number of warehouse clubs in operation, as of August 31, 2002 and August 31, 2003, anticipated openings for fiscal 2004, the Company’s ownership percentages and basis of presentation for financial reporting purposes by each country or territory are as follows:

 

Country/Territory


   Number of
Warehouse Clubs
in Operation (as of
August 31, 2002)


   Number of
Warehouse Clubs
in Operation (as of
August 31, 2003)


   Anticipated
Warehouse
Club
Openings in
Fiscal 2004


   Ownership (as of
August 31, 2003)


    Basis of
Presentation


Panama

   4    4    —      100 %   Consolidated

Costa Rica

   3    3    —      100 %   Consolidated

Dominican Republic

   3    2    —      100 %   Consolidated

Guatemala

   3    2    —      66 %   Consolidated

Philippines

   3    3    1    52 %   Consolidated

El Salvador

   2    2    —      100 %   Consolidated

Honduras

   2    2    —      100 %   Consolidated

Trinidad

   2    2    —      90 %   Consolidated

Aruba

   1    1    —      90 %   Consolidated

Barbados

   1    1    —      100 %   Consolidated

Guam

   1    1    —      100 %   Consolidated

U.S. Virgin Islands

   1    1    —      100 %   Consolidated

Jamaica

   —      1    —      67.5 %   Consolidated

Nicaragua

   —      1    —      51 %   Consolidated
    
  
  
          

Totals

           26            26            1           
    
  
  
          

Mexico

   —      3    —      50 %   Equity
    
  
  
          

Grand Totals

   26    29    1           
    
  
  
          

 

During fiscal 2003, the Company opened three new U.S.-style membership shopping warehouse clubs (one each in the Philippines, Jamaica and Nicaragua), and as part of a 50/50 joint venture with Grupo Gigante, S.A. de C.V. (“Gigante”), the Company also opened three new U.S.-style membership shopping warehouse clubs in Mexico. The Company also closed three warehouse clubs during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2003 (one each in Guatemala, Dominican Republic and the Philippines). Subsequent to fiscal 2003, the Company announced the planned closure of the Guam warehouse club by December 31, 2003. At the end of fiscal 2003, the total number of consolidated warehouse clubs in operation was 26 operating in 12 countries and two U.S. territories, in comparison to 26 consolidated warehouse clubs operating in ten countries and two U.S. territories at the end of fiscal 2002 and 22 warehouse clubs operating in ten countries and one U.S. territory at the end of fiscal 2001. The average life of the 26 warehouse clubs in operation as of August 31, 2003 was 36 months. The average life of the 26 warehouse clubs in operation as of August 31, 2002 was 27 months.

 

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In addition to the warehouse clubs operated directly by the Company or through joint ventures, there were fourteen warehouse clubs in operation (13 in China and one in Saipan, Micronesia) licensed to and operated by local business people, through which the Company primarily earns a licensee fee on a per warehouse club basis, at the end of fiscal 2003, compared to eleven licensed warehouse clubs at the end of fiscal 2002.

 

International Warehouse Club Business

 

The Company owns and operates U.S.-style membership shopping warehouse clubs through majority or wholly owned ventures operating in Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia using the trade name “PriceSmart.” In fiscal 2003, the Company opened six new U.S.-style membership shopping warehouse clubs, one warehouse club each in the Philippines (November 2002), Jamaica (March 2003) and Nicaragua (July 2003), and through its 50/50 joint venture three warehouse clubs in Mexico (two in November 2002 and one in March 2003), bringing the total number of warehouse clubs in operation to 29 operating in 13 countries and two U.S. territories as of August 31, 2003.

 

The warehouse clubs sell basic consumer goods, to individuals and businesses, typically comprised of approximately 50% U.S.-sourced merchandise and approximately 50% locally sourced merchandise, with an emphasis on quality, and low prices. By offering low prices on brand name and private label merchandise, the warehouse clubs seek to generate sufficient sales volumes to operate profitably at relatively low gross profit margins. The typical no-frills warehouse club-type buildings range in size from 40,000 to 50,000 square feet of selling space and are located in urban areas to take advantage of dense populations and relatively higher levels of disposable income. Product selection includes perishable foods and basic consumer products. Ancillary services include food services, bakery, tire centers, photo centers, pharmacy and optical departments. The shopping format includes an annual membership fee that averages $25.

 

Typically, when entering a new market the Company enters into licensing and technology transfer agreements with a newly created joint venture company (whose majority stockholder is the Company and whose minority stockholders are local business people) pursuant to which the Company provides its know-how package, which includes training and management support, as well as access to the Company’s computer software systems and distribution channels. The license also includes the right to use the “PriceSmart” mark and certain other trademarks. The Company believes that the local business people have been interested in entering into such joint ventures and obtaining such licenses for a variety of reasons, including the successful track record of the Company’s management team and its smaller format membership clubs, the opportunity to purchase U.S.-sourced products, the benefits of the Company’s modern distribution techniques and the opportunity to obtain exclusive rights to use the Company’s trademarks in the region.

 

Business Strategy

 

PriceSmart’s business strategy is to operate warehouse clubs in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia that sell high quality merchandise at low prices to PriceSmart members and that provide fair wages and benefits to PriceSmart employees and a fair return to PriceSmart stockholders. The Company’s primary strategy is to focus on development of the international merchandising business and to leverage existing capabilities. Specifically, key elements of the Company’s business strategy include:

 

Provide Lower Prices in the Market Place. The Company’s principal business philosophy is to bring quality U.S. type products and services to the consumer at low prices. Future development of the Company’s business will be directed to markets in which the Company can compete effectively by lowering the costs of goods and services to consumers.

 

Increase Market Share in Developing Markets. The Company believes that it is well positioned to profit from the growth in developing markets due to its purchasing power and experience with membership warehouse clubs in Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia. The Company intends to continue to satisfy the demand for U.S. consumer goods principally in Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia.

 

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Membership Policy

 

PriceSmart’s membership fee structure was specifically designed to allow pricing flexibility from country to country. The Company believes that membership reinforces customer loyalty. In addition, membership fees provide a continuing source of revenue. PriceSmart has two primary types of members: Business and Diamond (individual).

 

Business owners and managers qualify for Business membership. PriceSmart promotes Business membership through its merchandise selection and its marketing programs primarily targeting wholesalers, institutional buyers and retailers. Business members pay an annual membership fee which approximates $25 for a primary and spouse membership card and approximately $12 for additional add-on membership cards. Individual members pay an annual membership fee which approximates $25 and an approximate fee of $12 for an add-on membership card.

 

The Company recognizes membership fee revenues over the term of the membership, which is 12 months. Deferred revenue is presented separately on the face of the balance sheet and totaled $4.1 million and $4.0 million as of August 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. PriceSmart’s membership agreements contain an explicit right to refund if its customers are dissatisfied with their membership. The Company’s historical rate of membership fee refunds has been less than 0.5% of membership income, or approximately $42,000, $45,000 and $35,000 for each of the years ended August 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.

 

Expansion Plans

 

The Company’s expansion plans focus on opening new warehouse clubs in foreign markets, primarily through majority or wholly owned ventures, primarily in Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia. The Company believes such foreign markets offer opportunities for growth because they are often characterized by (i) geographic and logistical barriers to entry, (ii) existing higher-priced local competitors, and (iii) a demand for U.S. brand-name products that are not widely available in such markets. The Company anticipates opening a new warehouse club in the Philippines in April of 2004 (third quarter of fiscal 2004).

 

Warehouse Club Closings and Asset Impairment

 

During fiscal 2003, the Company closed three warehouse clubs, one each in Dominican Republic, Philippines and Guatemala. The warehouse clubs were closed June 15, 2003, August 3, 2003 and August 15, 2003, respectively. The decision to close these warehouse clubs resulted from the determination that the locations were not conducive to the successful operation of a PriceSmart warehouse club.

 

The Company recorded closure costs and asset impairment charges of $7.2 million related to those warehouse clubs closed as of August 31, 2003. The impairment charge of $1.9 million, included in the $7.2 million, reflected the difference between the carrying value and fair value of those long-lived assets that are not expected to be utilized at future warehouse club locations.

 

During fiscal 2003, the Company also recorded non-cash asset impairment charges of $4.5 million to write down long-lived assets related to underperforming warehouse clubs in Guam and the United States Virgin Islands. Subsequent to August 31, 2003, the Company announced the planned closure of the Guam warehouse club as of December 31, 2003. The impairment charges reflect the difference between the carrying value and fair value of those long-lived assets that are not expected to be utilized at future warehouse club locations.

 

Acquisition of Minority Interests

 

Aruba: On June 24, 2002, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire an additional 30% interest in the PriceSmart Aruba majority owned subsidiary, which previously had been 60% owned by the Company. The purchase price of the 30% interest consisted of 9,353 shares of PriceSmart common stock and the assumption of

 

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capital contributions outstanding of $1.3 million, net of the minority interest acquired. In addition, under the agreement, the Company has a two-year option, beginning on May 25, 2004, to purchase the remaining 10% interest in the Aruba entity at a purchase price of $677,000, increasing at a 10% annual rate beginning on May 25, 2004.

 

Barbados: On June 24, 2002, the Company entered into agreements to acquire the remaining interests in the PriceSmart Barbados majority owned subsidiary, which previously had been 51% owned by the Company. The purchase price of the 49% interest consisted of 38,455 shares of PriceSmart common stock, cash payments totaling $500,000, and the assumption of capital contributions outstanding of $1.7 million, net of the minority interest acquired. Under the agreements, the Company also guaranteed the existing promissory notes of approximately $1.7 million payable to the former minority stockholders by the Barbados subsidiary, which are due on May 4, 2004 and had an aggregate remaining principal amount due of approximately $855,000 as of August 31, 2003.

 

Trinidad: On July 24, 2001, the Company entered into agreements to acquire an additional 27.5% interest in the PriceSmart Trinidad majority owned subsidiary, which previously had been 62.5% owned by the Company. The purchase price of the 27.5% interest consisted of: (a) 20,115 shares of PriceSmart common stock; (b) a 9% interest in the PriceSmart Barbados subsidiary; (c) a 17.5% interest in the PriceSmart Jamaica subsidiary; (d) a promissory note of $314,000; (e) forgiveness of a note receivable due to the Company of $317,000 and (f) the assumption of capital contributions outstanding of $340,000, net of the minority interest acquired. As a result of this additional interest acquired, the Company increased its guaranty proportionately for the outstanding long-term debt related to the Trinidad operations.

 

Panama: On March 27, 2000, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire the remaining interest in the PriceSmart Panama majority owned subsidiary, which previously had been 51% owned by the Company and 49% owned by BB&M International Trading Group (“BB&M”), whose principals are several Panamanian businessmen, including Rafael Barcenas, a director of PriceSmart. In exchange for BB&M’s 49% interest, the Company issued to BB&M’s principals 306,748 shares of PriceSmart common stock. As a result of this acquisition, the Company increased its guaranty for the outstanding long-term debt related to the Panama operations to 100%.

 

Under the stock purchase agreement relating to the Panama acquisition, the Company agreed to redeem the shares of the Company’s common stock issued to BB&M at a price of $46.86 per share following the one-year anniversary of the completion of the acquisition upon the request of BB&M’s principals. On April 5, 2001, the Company redeemed 242,144 shares of its common stock, for an aggregate of approximately $11.4 million in cash, resulting in an incremental goodwill adjustment of approximately $1.1 million. The Company agreed to redeem, at its option for cash or additional stock, the remaining 64,604 shares following the second anniversary of the completion of the acquisition at the price of $46.86 per share upon the holders’ request.

 

On March 28, 2002, the holders of the remaining 64,604 shares of the Company’s common stock requested redemption of these shares for the agreed upon price of $46.86 per share. In lieu of redeeming the shares, at the request of the Company, the holders sold their shares on the open market. The Company then paid the holders approximately $1.0 million in cash, representing the difference between the agreed upon price of $46.86 per share and the average selling price of $30.99 per share obtained by the holders, resulting in an incremental goodwill adjustment of approximately $411,000.

 

Caribe: On July 7, 2000, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire the remaining interests in the PSMT Caribe, Inc. majority owned subsidiary, which previously had been 60% owned by the Company. PSMT Caribe, Inc. is the holding company formed by PriceSmart and PSC, S.A. (a Panamanian company, of which Edgar Zurcher, a director of the Company, owns a 9.1% interest) to hold their respective interests in the PriceSmart membership warehouse clubs operating in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and the Dominican Republic. As consideration for the acquisition of the 40% interest, PriceSmart issued to PSC, S.A. 679,500 shares

 

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of PriceSmart common stock, half of which were restricted from sale for one year. As a result of this acquisition, the Company has increased its guaranty for the outstanding long-term debt related to the warehouse clubs operating in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and the Dominican Republic to 100%.

 

Results from operations of the acquired minority interests have been included in the consolidated financial results of the Company from the initial dates of the transactions described above. As a result of the acquisitions, the Company will recognize a greater percentage of the cash flow and results from operations for each subsidiary.

 

International Licensee Business

 

The Company had fourteen warehouse clubs in operation (13 in China and one in Saipan, Micronesia) licensed to and operated by local business people at the end of fiscal 2003, through which the Company primarily earns license fees on a per warehouse club basis, and also receives other fees in connection with certain licensing and technology transfer agreements and sales of products purchased from the Company.

 

The Company entered into licensing and technology agreements with the licensees, pursuant to which the Company provides its know-how package, which includes training and management support. The license includes the right to use the “PriceSmart” mark and certain other trademarks. The Company and its licensees also enter into product sourcing agreements through which the Company sells merchandise to the licensees at varying margins. The Company believes that the licensees have been interested in entering into such arrangements and obtaining such licenses for a variety of reasons, including the successful track record of the Company’s management team and its smaller format membership clubs, the opportunity to purchase U.S.-sourced products, the benefits of the Company’s modern distribution techniques and the opportunity to obtain exclusive rights to use the Company’s trademarks in the region.

 

Relationship with Costco

 

In November 1996, Price Enterprises, Inc. (“PEI”), PEI, Costco Companies, Inc. (“Costco”) and certain of their respective subsidiaries, including the Company, entered into an Agreement Concerning Transfer of Certain Assets (the “Asset Transfer Agreement”) in connection with the settlement of litigation arising from the spin-off of PEI from Costco and the prior merger between The Price Company and Costco.

 

PEI and Costco agreed in the Asset Transfer Agreement to eliminate all noncompete and operating agreements and to terminate all trademark and license agreements between the parties, subject to certain exceptions. Costco agreed to refrain from conducting membership warehouse club businesses in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam and Panama through October 31, 1999. The Company has an exclusive royalty-free right (including against Costco) in the Northern Mariana Islands to use the “Price Club” and “PriceCostco” marks in connection with the development, operation, advertising and promotion of the Company’s business activities in such area, subject to certain restrictions. The Asset Transfer Agreement, however, requires the Company to use diligent and reasonable efforts to negotiate with its licensee in the Northern Mariana Islands to terminate such right to use the “Price Club” and “PriceCostco” names and marks at the earliest possible date before December 12, 2009.

 

Costco has agreed in the Asset Transfer Agreement that PEI and its downstream affiliates may use the name “Price” in a “PriceSmart” mark, but PEI and its downstream affiliates may not use a “PriceSmart” mark in connection with a club business or other membership activity named “PriceSmart” in the United States, Canada or Mexico; provided that the limitations on the Company’s rights to use the “PriceSmart” name in the United States, Canada and Mexico terminate 24 months after Costco and its downstream affiliates discontinue their use of the names “PriceCostco” and “Price Club.” However, the Company and Costco have further agreed that Costco will not object to the Company’s use of the “PriceSmart” name in Mexico, and the Company will not object to Costco’s use of the “Price Club” or “Price Costco” name in Mexico.

 

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In June 1997, the PEI Board of Directors approved a plan to separate PEI’s core real estate business from its merchandising businesses. To effect such separation, PEI first transferred to the Company, through a series of preliminary transactions, the assets listed below. PEI then distributed on August 29, 1997 all of the Company’s common stock pro rata to PEI’s existing stockholders through a special dividend (the “Distribution”). Assets transferred to PriceSmart were comprised of: (i) the merchandising business segment of PEI; (ii) certain real estate properties held for sale (the “Properties”); (iii) notes receivable from buyers of properties; (iv) cash and cash equivalents of approximately $58.4 million; and (v) all other assets and liabilities not specifically associated with PEI’s portfolio of investment properties, except for current corporate income tax assets and liabilities.

 

Intellectual Property Rights

 

It is the Company’s policy to obtain appropriate proprietary rights protection for trademarks by filing applications for registrable marks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and in certain foreign countries. In addition, the Company relies on copyright and trade secret laws to protect its proprietary rights. The Company attempts to protect its trade secrets and other proprietary information through agreements with its joint venturers, employees, consultants and suppliers and other similar measures. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be successful in protecting its proprietary rights. While management believes that the Company’s trademarks, copyrights and other proprietary know-how have significant value, changing technology and the competitive marketplace make the Company’s future success dependent principally upon its employees’ technical competence and creative skills for continuing innovation.

 

There can be no assurance that third parties will not assert claims against the Company with respect to existing and future trademarks, trade names, sales techniques or other intellectual property matters. In the event of litigation to determine the validity of any third-party’s claims, such litigation could result in significant expense to the Company and divert the efforts of the Company’s management, whether or not such litigation is determined in favor of the Company.

 

While the Company has registered under various classifications the mark “PriceSmart” in several countries, certain registration applications remain pending; because of objections by one or more parties, there can be no assurance that the Company will obtain all such registrations or that the Company has proprietary rights to the marks.

 

In August 1999, the Company and Associated Wholesale Grocers, Inc. (“AWG”) entered into an agreement regarding the trademark “PriceSmart” and related marks containing the name “PriceSmart.” The Company has agreed not to use the “PriceSmart” mark or any related marks containing the name “PriceSmart” in connection with the sale or offer for sale of any goods or services within AWG’s territory of operations, including the following ten states: Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Iowa, Texas, Illinois, Tennessee and Kentucky. The Company, however, may use the mark “PriceSmart” or any mark containing the name “PriceSmart” on the internet or any other global computer network whether within or outside such territory, and in any national advertising campaign that cannot reasonably exclude the territory, and the Company may use the mark in connection with various travel services. AWG has agreed not to oppose any trademark applications filed by the Company for registration of the mark “PriceSmart” or related marks containing the name “PriceSmart,” and AWG has further agreed not to bring any action for trademark infringement against the Company based upon the Company’s use outside the territory (or with respect to the permitted uses inside the territory) of the mark “PriceSmart” or related marks containing the name “PriceSmart.”

 

Employees

 

As of August 31, 2003, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries had a total of 3,752 employees. Approximately 94% of the Company’s employees were employed outside of the United States.

 

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Seasonality

 

Historically, the Company’s merchandising businesses have experienced holiday retail seasonality in their markets. In addition to seasonal fluctuations, the Company’s operating results fluctuate quarter-to-quarter as a result of economic and political events in markets served by the Company, the timing of holidays, weather, the timing of shipments, product mix, and currency effects on the cost of U.S.-sourced products which may make these products more expensive in local currencies and less affordable. Because of such fluctuations, the results of operations of any quarter are not indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full fiscal year or any future quarter. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company’s future results will be consistent with past results or the projections of securities analysts.

 

Factors That May Affect Future Performance

 

The Company had a substantial net loss in fiscal 2003 and may continue to incur losses in future periods. The Company incurred a net loss available to common stockholders of approximately $32.1 million in fiscal 2003, including asset impairment and closing cost charges of approximately $11.7 million, and expects to incur net losses in fiscal 2004. The Company is seeking ways to improve sales, margins, expense controls and inventory management. The Company believes these efforts will return the Company to profitability. However, if these efforts fail to adequately reduce costs, or if the Company’s sales are less than it projects, the Company may continue to incur losses in future periods.

 

The Company believes it will have adequate cash to meet its operating and capital needs for fiscal 2004. The Company has estimated the timing and amounts of cash receipts and disbursements during fiscal 2004, and it believes it will have adequate cash to meet its operating and capital needs for fiscal 2004. However, if its assumptions about cash generation and usage are incorrect, the Company may be forced to withhold payment to its lenders and others and to file for bankruptcy protection. If the Company is forced to seek bankruptcy protection because of its inability to make required payments, the Company’s common stock may become worthless and an investment in the common stock would be lost.

 

At August 31, 2003, the Company had cash of $17.7 million, and its net working capital was in a deficit position of $12.0 million. The Company has developed plans to manage its cash resources that include controlling expenditures and timely and effective management of its inventory and other asset procurements. The Company also continues to pursue financing alternatives. However, the Company may not obtain additional financing on terms that are acceptable to the Company, or at all.

 

As of August 31, 2003 the Company was out of compliance with financial covenants, contained in debt agreements covering an aggregate of $23.3 million of indebtedness. The Company has obtained written waivers covering $11.1 million of this indebtedness and currently expects to receive written waivers of the balance. The Company also has $30.6 million of indebtedness outstanding that allows the lender to accelerate the indebtedness upon a default by the Company under other indebtedness. If the Company fails to obtain the outstanding waivers or to comply with the covenants governing its indebtedness in the future, the lenders may elect to accelerate the Company’s indebtedness and foreclose on the collateral pledged to secure the indebtedness. In addition, if the Company fails to comply with the covenants governing its indebtedness, the Company may need additional financing in order to service or extinguish the indebtedness. The Company may not be able to obtain financing or refinancing on terms that are acceptable to the Company, or at all.

 

The Company’s financial performance is dependent on international operations, which exposes it to various risks. The Company’s international operations account for nearly all of the Company’s total sales. The Company’s financial performance is subject to risks inherent in operating and expanding the Company’s international membership business, which include: (i) changes in tariffs and taxes, (ii) the imposition of foreign and domestic governmental controls, (iii) trade restrictions, (iv) greater difficulty and costs associated with international sales and the administration of an international merchandising business, (v) thefts and other crimes, (vi) limitations on U.S. company ownership in foreign countries, (vii) product registration, permitting and regulatory compliance, (viii)

 

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volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, (ix) the financial and other capabilities of the Company’s joint venturers and licensees, and (x) general political as well as economic and business conditions.

 

Any failure by the Company to manage its growth could adversely affect the Company’s business. The Company began an aggressive growth strategy in April 1999, opening 20 new warehouse clubs over a two and a half year period, resulting in a total of 22 warehouse clubs operating in ten countries and one U.S. territory at the end of fiscal 2001 (12 months ended August 31, 2001). The Company also opened four additional new warehouse clubs in fiscal 2002 and six additional new warehouse clubs in fiscal 2003, three of which were opened through the Company’s 50/50 joint venture, resulting in a total of 32 new warehouse clubs (before the exclusion of recent closures) operating in 13 countries and two U.S. territories since 1999. The Company anticipates opening one new warehouse in the third quarter of fiscal 2004 in Aseana City, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines.

 

During fiscal 2003, the Company’s warehouse on the east side of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic was closed on June 15, 2003, and a search for a new location in Santo Domingo has commenced. Also, the Company closed a warehouse operating in the Philippines, in Pasig City, Metropolitan Manila, on August 3, 2003 and closed a warehouse operating in Guatemala City, Guatemala on August 15, 2003. As of August 31, 2003, the Company had in operation 29 warehouse clubs in 13 countries and two U.S. territories (four in Panama; three each in Costa Rica, Mexico and the Philippines; two each in Dominican Republic, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Trinidad; and one each in Aruba, Barbados, Guam, Jamaica, Nicaragua and the United States Virgin Islands). Subsequent to fiscal 2003, the Company announced that it would be closing its warehouse currently operating in Guam. The last day of operations is scheduled to be December 31, 2003. Management continually evaluates individual warehouse performance, and additional warehouse closures may occur.

 

The success of the Company’s strategy will depend to a significant degree on the Company’s ability to (i) efficiently operate warehouse clubs on a profitable basis and (ii) obtain and maintain positive comparable warehouse sales growth in the applicable markets. Some markets may present operational, competitive, regulatory and merchandising challenges that are similar to, or different from, those previously encountered by the Company. Also, the Company might not be able to adapt the Company’s operations to support expansion, and warehouse clubs may not achieve the profitability necessary for the Company to receive an acceptable return on investment.

 

In addition, the Company will need to continually evaluate the adequacy of the Company’s existing systems and procedures, including warehouse management, financial and inventory control and distribution channels and systems. Moreover, the Company will be required to continually analyze the sufficiency of the Company’s inventory distribution methods and may require additional facilities in order to support the Company’s operations. The Company may not adequately anticipate all the changing demands that will be imposed on these systems. The Company’s failure to update the Company’s internal systems or procedures as required could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The Company’s auditors have indicated to the Company that they believe there were material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls for the year ended August 31, 2003. In connection with the completion of its audit of, and the issuance of an unqualified report on the Company’s financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2003, Ernst & Young LLP advised the Company that it plans to deliver a management letter identifying deficiencies that existed in the design or operation of the Company’s internal controls that it considers to be material weaknesses in the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls pursuant to standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The deficiencies to be reported by Ernst & Young LLP are that the Company’s internal controls relating to revenue recognition were not designed properly to prevent the recordation of net warehouse sales that failed to satisfy the requirements of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” and the Company’s Philippines and Guam subsidiaries failed to perform internal control functions to reconcile their accounting records to supporting detail on a timely basis. These internal control weaknesses were identified during fiscal 2003 by the Company and brought to the attention of Ernst & Young LLP and the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

 

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The Company has taken steps to strengthen control processes in order to identify and rectify past accounting errors and to prevent the situations that resulted in the need to restate prior period financial statements from recurring. See “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” for a discussion of these remedial measures. These measures may not completely eliminate the material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls identified to the Company by Ernst & Young LLP, and the Company may have additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in its internal controls that neither Ernst & Young LLP nor the Company’s management has yet identified. The existence of one or more material weaknesses or significant deficiencies could result in errors in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and substantial costs and resources may be required to rectify any internal control deficiencies.

 

The Company is currently defending several stockholder lawsuits. Following the announcement of the restatement of its financial results, the Company has received notice of four class action lawsuits filed against it and certain of its former directors and officers purportedly brought on behalf of certain of its current and former stockholders. These suits generally allege that the Company issued false and misleading statements during fiscal years 2002 and 2003 in violation of federal securities laws. If the Company chooses to settle these suits without going to trial, it may be required to pay the plaintiffs a substantial sum in the form of damages. Alternatively, if these cases go to trial and the Company is ultimately adjudged to have violated federal securities laws, the Company may incur substantial losses as a result of an award of damages to the plaintiffs. In addition, the Company is party to a stockholder derivative suit purportedly brought on the Company’s own behalf against its current and former directors and officers, alleging among other things, breaches of fiduciary duty. The same complaint also alleges that various officers and directors violated California insider trading laws when they sold shares of the Company’s stock in 2002 because of their alleged knowledge of the accounting issues that caused the restatement. The indemnification provisions contained in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and indemnification agreements between the Company and its current and former directors and officers require the Company to indemnify its current and former directors and officers who are named as defendants against the allegations contained in these suits unless the Company determines that indemnification is unavailable because the applicable current or former director or officer failed to meet the applicable standard of conduct set forth in those documents. Regardless of the ultimate outcome of these suits, however, litigation of this type is expensive and will require that the Company devote substantial resources and management attention to defend these proceedings. Moreover, the mere presence of these lawsuits may materially harm the Company’s business and reputation.

 

The Company expects to incur substantial legal and other professional service costs. The Company has and will continue to incur substantial legal and other professional service costs in connection with the stockholder lawsuits and responding to the inquiries of the SEC. The amount of any future costs in this respect cannot be determined at this time.

 

The Company faces significant competition. The Company’s international merchandising businesses compete with exporters, wholesalers, other membership merchandisers, local retailers and trading companies in various international markets. Some of the Company’s competitors may have greater resources, buying power and name recognition. There can be no assurance that the Company’s competitors will not decide to enter the markets in which the Company operates, or expects to enter, or that the Company’s existing competitors will not compete more effectively against the Company. The Company may be required to implement price reductions in order to remain competitive should any of the Company’s competitors reduce prices in any of the Company’s markets. Moreover, the Company’s ability to operate profitably in new markets, particularly small markets, may be adversely affected by the existence or entry of competing warehouse clubs or discount retailers.

 

The Company faces difficulties in the shipment of and inherent risks in the importation of merchandise to its warehouse clubs. The Company’s warehouse clubs import approximately 50% of the inventories that they sell, which originate from varying countries and are transported over great distances, typically over water, which results in: (i) substantial lead times needed between the procurement and delivery of product, thus complicating merchandising and inventory control methods, (ii) the possible loss of product due to theft or potential damage to, or destruction of, ships or containers delivering goods, (iii) product markdowns as a result of it being cost

 

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prohibitive to return merchandise upon importation, (iv) product registration, tariffs, customs and shipping regulation issues in the locations the Company ships to and from, and (v) substantial ocean freight and duty costs. Moreover, each country in which the Company operates has differing governmental rules and regulations regarding the importation of foreign products. Changes to the rules and regulations governing the importation of merchandise may result in additional delays or barriers in the Company’s deliveries of products to its warehouse clubs or product it selects to import. In addition, only a limited number of transportation companies service the Company’s regions. The inability or failure of one or more key transportation companies to provide transportation services to the Company, any collusion among the transportation companies regarding shipping prices or terms, changes in the regulations that govern shipping tariffs or any other disruption in the Company’s ability to transport the Company’s merchandise could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The success of the Company’s business requires effective assistance from local business people with whom the Company has established strategic relationships. Several of the risks associated with the Company’s international merchandising business may be within the control (in whole or in part) of local business people with whom it has established formal and informal strategic relationships or may be affected by the acts or omissions of these local business people. For example, the Company has a relationship with one of its minority interest shareholders in the Philippines, by which it utilizes the minority shareholder’s importation and exportation businesses for the movement of merchandise inventories both to and from the Asian regions to its warehouse clubs operating in Asia. In some cases, these local business people previously held minority interests in joint venture arrangements and now hold shares of the Company’s common stock. No assurances can be provided that these local business people will effectively help the Company in their respective markets. The failure of these local business people to assist the Company in their local markets could harm the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Also, the Company has an agreement with Banca Promerica and Banco Promerica (collectively “Promerica”) in which the Company and Promerica have issued co-branded credit cards, used primarily in its Latin American segment, that do not require the Company to pay credit card processing fees associated with the use of these cards in its warehouse clubs. Mr. Edgar Zurcher, who is a director of the Company, is also Chairman of the Board of Banca Promerica (Costa Rica) and is also a director of Banco Promerica (El Salvador) (collectively “Promerica”). If, for any reason, the Company were unable to continue to offer the co-branded credit card, the result would be an increase in the Company’s costs and potentially a negative effect on sales.

 

The Company is exposed to weather and other risks associated with international operations. The Company’s operations are subject to the volatile weather conditions and natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons and hurricanes, which are encountered in the regions in which the Company’s warehouse clubs are located or are planned to be located, and which could result in delays in construction or result in significant damage to, or destruction of, the Company’s warehouse clubs. For example, the Company’s two warehouse clubs in El Salvador have experienced minimal inventory loss and disruption of their businesses as a result of earthquakes that have occurred. Also, the Company’s warehouse club in Guam has experienced typhoons that resulted in minimal business interruptions and property losses. Losses from business interruption may not be adequately compensated by insurance and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Further declines in the economies of the countries in which the Company operates its warehouse clubs would harm its business. The success of the Company’s operations depends to a significant extent on a number of factors that affect discretionary consumer spending, including employment rates, business conditions, consumer spending patterns and customer preferences and other economic factors in each of the Company’s foreign markets. Adverse changes in these factors, and the resulting adverse impact on discretionary consumer spending, would affect the Company’s growth, sales and profitability. In Latin America and Southeast Asia, in particular, several countries are suffering recessions and economic instability. As a result, sales, gross profit margins and membership renewals have been negatively impacted in the current year, and in the event these factors continue,

 

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sales, gross profit margins and membership renewals may continue to be adversely affected. In addition, a worsening of these economies may lead to increased governmental ownership or regulation of the economy, higher interest rates, increased barriers to entry such as higher tariffs and taxes, and reduced demand for goods manufactured in the United States. Any further decline in the national or regional economies of the foreign countries in which the Company currently operates, or will operate in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

A few of the Company’s stockholders have substantial control over the Company’s voting stock, which may make it difficult to complete some corporate transactions without their support and may prevent a change in control. As of August 31, 2003, Robert E. Price, who is the Company’s Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and Sol Price, a significant stockholder of the Company and father of Robert E. Price, beneficially owned approximately 47.1% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and approximately 8.3% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, which is convertible, at the holder’s option, into approximately 1% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. In addition, on July 9, 2003, entities affiliated with Messrs. Robert Price and Sol Price purchased 22,000 shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $22 million. Messrs. Robert Price and Sol Price beneficially owned all of the outstanding Series B Preferred Stock, which is convertible, at the holder’s option, into approximately 13.0% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2003, Messrs. Robert Price and Sol Price purchased an aggregate of 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million. As a result, these stockholders may effectively control the outcome of all matters submitted to the Company’s stockholders for approval, including the election of directors. In addition, this ownership could discourage the acquisition of the Company’s common stock by potential investors and could have an anti-takeover effect, possibly depressing the trading price of the Company’s common stock.

 

The loss of key personnel could harm the Company’s business. The Company depends to a large extent on the performance of its senior management team and other key employees, such as U.S. ex-patriots in certain locations where the Company operates, for strategic business direction. The loss of the services of any members of the Company’s senior management or other key employees could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The Company is subject to volatility in foreign currency exchange. The Company, primarily through majority or wholly owned subsidiaries, conducts operations primarily in Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia, and as such is subject to both economic and political instabilities that cause volatility in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions. As of August 31, 2003, the Company had a total of 26 consolidated warehouse clubs operating in 12 foreign countries and two U.S. territories, 18 of which operate under currencies other than the U.S. dollar. For fiscal 2003, approximately 74% of the Company’s net warehouse sales were in foreign currencies. Also, as of August 31, 2003, the Company had three warehouse clubs in Mexico, through a 50/50 joint venture accounted for under the equity method of accounting, which operate under the Mexican Peso. The Company may enter into additional foreign countries in the future or open additional locations in existing countries, which will increase the percentage of net warehouse sales denominated in foreign currencies.

 

Foreign currencies in most of the countries where the Company operates have historically devalued against the U.S. dollar and are expected to continue to devalue. For example, the Dominican Republic experienced a currency devaluation of 81% between the end fiscal 2002 and the end of fiscal 2003. The Company manages foreign currency risks at times by hedging currencies through non-deliverable forward exchange contracts (“NDFs”) that are generally for durations of six months or less and that do not provide for physical exchange of currency at maturity (only the resulting gain or loss). The premium associated with each NDF is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the NDF, and mark-to-market amounts and realized gains or losses are recognized on the settlement date in cost of goods sold. The related receivables or liabilities with counterparties to the NDFs are recorded in the consolidated balance sheet. As of August 31, 2003, the Company had no outstanding NDFs and no unrelated mark-to-market unrealized amounts. Additionally, no realized losses were incurred for twelve months ending August 31, 2003, as no NDFs were entered into during the period. Although

 

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the Company has not purchased any NDFs subsequent to August 31, 2003, it may purchase NDFs in the future to mitigate foreign exchange losses. However, due to the volatility and lack of derivative financial instruments in the countries in which the Company operates, significant risk from unexpected devaluation of local currencies exists. Foreign exchange transaction losses realized, including repatriation of funds, which are included as a part of the costs of goods sold in the consolidated statement of operations, for fiscal 2003, 2002 and 2001 (including the cost of the NDFs) were approximately $605,000, $1.2 million and $718,000, respectively.

 

The Company faces the risk of exposure to product liability claims, a product recall and adverse publicity. The Company markets and distributes products, including meat, dairy and other food products, from third-party suppliers, which exposes the Company to the risk of product liability claims, a product recall and adverse publicity. For example, the Company may inadvertently redistribute food products that are contaminated, which may result in illness, injury or death if the contaminants are not eliminated by processing at the foodservice or consumer level. The Company generally seeks contractual indemnification and insurance coverage from its suppliers. However, if the Company does not have adequate insurance or contractual indemnification available, product liability claims relating to products that are contaminated or otherwise harmful could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to successfully market its products and on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, even if a product liability claim is not successful or is not fully pursued, the negative publicity surrounding a product recall or any assertion that the Company’s products caused illness or injury could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation with existing and potential customers and on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” could adversely affect the Company’s future results of operations and financial position. In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which was adopted by the Company, effective September 1, 2001. Under the new rules, goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives will no longer be amortized but will be subject to annual impairment tests in accordance with the Statement. As of August 31, 2002, the Company had goodwill of approximately $23.1 million. The Company performed its impairment test on goodwill as of August 31, 2003, and no impairment losses were recorded. In the future, the Company will test for impairment at least annually. Such tests may result in a determination that these assets have been impaired. If at any time the Company determines that an impairment has occurred, the Company will be required to reflect the impairment charge as a part of operating income, resulting in a reduction in earnings in the period such impairment is identified and a corresponding reduction in the Company’s net asset value. A material reduction in earnings resulting from such a charge could cause the Company to fail to be profitable in the period in which the charge is taken or otherwise to fail to meet the expectations of investors and securities analysts, which could cause the price of the Company’s stock to decline.

 

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Item 2. Properties

 

Warehouse Club Properties. The Company, through its majority or wholly owned ventures or equity joint venture, owns and/or leases properties in each country or territory in which it operates warehouse clubs. All buildings, both owned and leased, are constructed by independent contractors. The following is a summary of warehouse club locations currently owned and/or leased by country or territory:

 

Country / Territory


 

Date Opened or Anticipated


 

Date Closed


 

Ownership / Lease


Panama:

           

Los Pueblos

 

October 25, 1996

     

Own land and building

Via Brazil

 

December 4, 1997

     

Lease land and building(1)

El Dorado

 

November 11, 1999

     

Lease land and building

David

 

June 15, 2000

     

Own land and building

Guatemala:

           

Mira Flores

 

April 8, 1999

     

Lease land and building

Guatemala City

 

August 24, 2000

 

August 15, 2003