UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
| For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003 | ||
| or | ||
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
| Commission File Number 000-31581 | ||
OPLINK COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | No. 77-0411346 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
3469 North First Street, San Jose, CA 95134
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (408) 433-0606
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Not Applicable
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by a check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes x No ¨
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, as of September 19, 2003, was approximately $176,447,001 based upon the closing price for shares of the registrants common stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market on September 19, 2003. Excludes an aggregate of 73,606,862 shares of common stock held by officers and directors and by each person known by the Registrant to own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock. Exclusion of shares held by any of these persons should not be construed to indicate that such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the Registrant, or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.
As of September 19, 2003, approximately 143,904,472 shares of the Registrants common stock, $0.001 par value, were outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
The information called for by Part III is incorporated by reference to specified portions of the Registrants definitive Proxy Statement to be issued in conjunction with the Registrants 2003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the Registrants fiscal year ended June 30, 2003.
OPLINK COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Form 10-K
June 30, 2003
| PART I | ||||
| Item 1 | 1 | |||
| Item 2 | 28 | |||
| Item 3 | 28 | |||
| Item 4 | 29 | |||
| PART II | ||||
| Item 5 | Market for Registrants Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters |
30 | ||
| Item 6 | 31 | |||
| Item 7 | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
33 | ||
| Item 7A | 50 | |||
| Item 8 | 50 | |||
| Item 9 | Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
50 | ||
| Item 9A | 51 | |||
| PART III | ||||
| Item 10 | 51 | |||
| Item 11 | 51 | |||
| Item 12 | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management |
51 | ||
| Item 13 | 51 | |||
| PART IV | ||||
| Item 15 | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, Reports on Form 8-K |
52 | ||
Part I
This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words expect, anticipate, intend, believe, estimate or assume or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth below and under the captions Risk Factors contained in Item 1 and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Item 7. We caution you that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
We design, manufacture and market fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules and components that expand optical bandwidth, amplify optical signals, monitor and protect wavelength performance and redirect light signals within an optical network. We offer a broad line of products that increase the performance of optical networks and enable service providers and optical system manufacturers to provide flexible and scalable bandwidth to support the increase of data traffic on the Internet and other public and private networks. We also offer an Optical Manufacturing Service (OMS) for the production and packaging of highly integrated optical subsystems and turnkey solutions based upon a customers specific product design and specification. We market our products worldwide to telecommunications equipment providers. Our bandwidth creation products increase the performance and capacity of fiber optic networks. Our bandwidth management products provide communications service providers with the ability to monitor and manage optical signals to enhance network performance. We produce fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules, and components for next-generation, all-optical dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), optical amplification, switching and routing, and monitoring and conditioning applications.
Through internal research and development we have developed over 120 standard products that are sold or integrated into custom solutions. We provide customers with high quality optical subsystems, integrated modules, and components that are used for bandwidth creation and management applied to all segments of the fiber optic network infrastructure including access, metro, and long haul.
We build these elements to the exacting requirements of the worlds leading optical networking equipment companies, and we work closely with customers during the product design and development cycle. This provides us with the ability to respond to the volume production requirements of our customers when their systems are ready for commercial deployment. We support customers volume, quality, and time-to-market requirements.
By combining in-house technical expertise with extensive micro-optic packaging and manufacturing capabilities, we are able to produce large volumes of customized and standardized subsystems, integrated modules and component solutions to meet the specific design needs of customers. Our U.S. headquarters are third-party certified to the ISO 9001 standard in research and manufacturing and our products meet the Telcordia (Bellcore) compliance standards. Our manufacturing operations in Zhuhai and Shanghai, China are third-party certified to the ISO 9001-2000 standard.
We were incorporated in California in September 1995 and reincorporated in Delaware in September 2000. We began delivering optical networking products to our customers in 1996. Our website is
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http://www.oplink.com. Our website address is given solely for informational purposes; we do not intend, by this reference that our website should be deemed to be part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to incorporate the information available at such internet address into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC) our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We make these reports available free of charge through our Internet website as soon as reasonably practicable after we have electronically filed such material with, or furnished it to, the SEC.
Products and Technologies
We provide a broad line of fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules and components designed to satisfy the needs of communications equipment suppliers. We categorize our products by the functionalities provided within a network, of bandwidth creation and bandwidth management. Some of our products have attributes that combine both of these functions. Some of our bandwidth creation and bandwidth management products utilize telecommunication interfaces to provide local or remote, reporting and control to enhance their function in an optical network.
Bandwidth Creation Products
Communications equipment suppliers use our bandwidth creation products to expand the capacity and/ or extend the coverage of their customers networks. Other bandwidth creation products enable optical signals to travel along more complex network architectures such as mesh networks and metro networks, or enable optical signals to travel greater distances over traditional long haul networks.
Wavelength Expansion Products. In fiber optic communications, different signals are transmitted over multiple wavelengths. With increases in the number of wavelengths and data rates, spacing between the wavelengths narrows and it becomes increasingly difficult to separate and direct them. We offer wavelength expansion products that enable the combination and separation of a particular wavelength in all parts of the network including emerging access and metro networks and traditional long haul networks. Wavelength expansion products include wavelength multiplexing (combining), de-multiplexing (separating), and wavelength interleaving, which combines light signals from two or more simultaneous sources over a single fiber. We offer the following products to handle these tasks:
| - | Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexers. A dense wavelength division multiplexer, or DWDM, is a solution for scalable, reliable, protocol independent bandwidth creation. A DWDM multiplexer is an integrated optical module or subsystem that combines two or more wavelengths for transmission over a single fiber (multiplexing) or separates these wavelengths (demultiplexing) at the receiving end. Our DWDM module and subsystem solutions are derived from an array of high performance technologies including thin film filters, arrayed wave guides (AWGs), and Athermal Fiber Bragg Gratings and circulators. Our solutions are available in a variety of channel spacings. |
| - | Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexers. A coarse wavelength division multiplexer, or CWDM, is a solution for a cost-effective bandwidth creation in the access, cable TV and metro environments. A CWDM multiplexer is an integrated optical module or subsystem that combines two or more wavelengths, at a channel spacing that is many times wider than for standard DWDM channel spacing for transmission over a single fiber (multiplexing) or separates these wavelengths (demultiplexing) at the receiving end. |
| - | Band Wavelength Division Multiplexers. Band wavelength division multiplexer, or BWDM, products help manage multiple International Telecommunication Union (ITU) channels within Mux/Demux or Optical Add/Drop applications. Our BWDMs pass a band of channels while isolating the channels |
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| adjacent to the band of channels sent. BWDM products facilitate the design of flexible (pay as you grow) low loss architectures as well as enable the design of complex mesh and ring networks. We offer a variety of BWDM products at 50, 100 and 200 GHz spacing. |
| - | DWDM Interleavers. A DWDM interleaver is an optical component that combines light signals from two simultaneous sources over a single fiber, which effectively doubles the capacity of the optical network system, or separates a single light source into multiple signals. |
Optical Amplification Products. Optical fiber amplifiers are widely deployed in optical communications networks to enhance the optical signal power. Optical signals typically lose power and eventually are lost after traveling a long distance along an optical fiber along traditional long haul networks. In emerging access or metro networks, optical signals lose power at add drop nodes, which are those locations in a network where wavelength channels enter or exit the node. This power loss is referred to as attenuation. Through recent advances in technology, the optical signal can be amplified with Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers, or EDFAs, or with Raman amplifiers, neither of which require opto-electrical conversion. The amplifiers are arranged along fiber cable lines at regular intervals in long haul networks or at selected nodes in access and metro networks to enable the optical signal to reach its destination clearly. While amplifiers range in complexity, a typical amplifier consists of a fiber and a number of fiber optic components. We offer both the EDFA and Raman amplification products including EDFA fiber amplifiers and the components used in EDFA and Raman amplifier designs.
| - | Gain Blocks. Gain blocks are integrated optical subsystem building blocks consisting of fiber and fiber optic components used in fiber optic amplifiers to boost the amplitude of an incoming optical signal. |
| - | EDFAs. Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers are optical subsystems that employ gain blocks, advanced electronics, firmware and software to control the optical gain of an incoming optical signal. |
| - | WDM Pump/Signal Combiners. Micro-optic WDM pump/signal combiners are components that provide power for the optical amplifier. They are used to efficiently combine light signals with pump laser sources. Pump lasers are active optical components used in optical amplifiers such as EDFAs to amplify or regenerate light signals that naturally suffer loss while traveling over distance within an optical network. |
| - | Integrated Hybrid Components. Optical amplifier systems can combine optical components, including isolators, tap couplers and WDM pump/signal combiners. The main advantage of hybrid components is that they minimize the amplifier package size, increase reliability and reduce manufacturing cost. |
| - | WDM Pump Combiners. WDM pump combiners are used to increase the power of an optical amplifier by combining multiple pump lasers into one common pump source for amplification. |
| - | Polarization Beam Combiners. Polarization beam combiners are optical components that combine two of the same or different wavelengths with opposing polarization to increase the power output of the optical amplifier. |
| - | Gain Flattening Filters. Gain flattening filters are used to ensure signals are amplified by equal amounts. Our thin film filter technology, or the technology in which layers of thin film separate optical signals, employs multiple layers of optical materials on glass to adjust optical output at different wavelengths to meet the needs of next-generation high power amplifiers. |
| - | Isolators. Isolators are fiber optic devices that transmit light in only one direction, thus preventing a reflected light signal from returning to its laser source. Reflected light can interfere with a lasers process and create noise, which can impair system performance in optical networks. |
| - | Tap Couplers. Tap couplers transfer optical signals between fibers. They are widely used for system monitoring purposes and have very low insertion loss, or the power loss incurred when adding additional components to a fiber cable. |
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Bandwidth Management Products
Communications equipment suppliers use our bandwidth management products to add intelligence to their systems, which allows communications service providers to monitor the performance, control the direction, and condition the amplitude of light signals throughout the optical network.
Wavelength Performance Monitoring and Protection Products. The ability to monitor wavelengths within an optical network enables service providers to maintain quality of service even in the event of an interruption in the signal path, such as a cut in the fiber. It is significantly more difficult to monitor signal flow in optical systems as compared to electrical systems. Monitoring requires that optical signals be extracted from the fiber without interfering with the optical signal traveling through the same fiber.
We offer products that enable service providers to monitor network performance and make necessary decisions for traffic flow and network efficiency.
| - | Supervisory Channel WDM. Our supervisory channel WDM is an integrated component that separates the network supervisory channel from the signal channel that is used in monitoring the network performance. |
| - | Integrated WDM Monitor Arrays. Our integrated WDM monitor arrays convert optical signals into electrical signals for network selective wavelength power monitoring. This module combines multiple network performance monitoring functions in a single module and integrates WDM filters and third-party photo detectors, a device supplied by other optical component manufacturers that receives a light signal in an optical network and converts it into an electrical signal. These integrated modules allow communications service providers to monitor whether or not wavelengths are being transmitted properly through the network. |
| - | Integrated Tap Monitor Arrays. Our integrated tap monitor arrays convert optical signals into electrical signals for network signal power monitoring. This module integrates a tap coupler, a device that splits the light power; and third-party photo detectors, a device supplied by other optical component manufacturers that receives a light signal in an optical network and converts it into an electrical signal. These integrated modules allow communications service providers to monitor whether or not optical signals are being transmitted properly through the network. |
| - | Wavelength Protection Subsystems. Our multi-channel wavelength protection subsystems are integrated solutions that combine tap couplers, splitters, switches, electronics, firmware, software and third-party photo detectors. These subsystems integrate network switching protection functions and monitor optical signal quality such as optical power in response to unexpected disruption in the optical network. They provide redundant path protection with fast routing and switching with network fault management and diagnostic capability. |
Optical Switching and Routing Products. As optical networks become more complex, there is an increasing demand to provide switching and routing capability to direct optical signals across multiple points in the network. We supply optical fiber switching and routing products that provide all-optical signal switching between fibers with up to eight different end destinations.
| - | Switches. Optical switches are devices that can direct optical signals to different end destinations. |
| - | Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers. Optical add/drop multiplexers, or OADMs, are used when part of the information from an optical signal carried on the network is demultiplexed, or dropped, at an intermediate point and different information is multiplexed, or added, for subsequent transmission. The remaining traffic passes through the multiplexer without additional processing. The OADM is typically used for rerouting a number of specific optical wavelengths with different end destinations. OADMs can also include other optical components such as optical conditioning products or optical monitoring products for increased functionality. |
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| - | Reconfigurable OADMs. Reconfigurable OADMs combine OADM functionality, optical switching and conditioning products, electronic circuitry, integrated firmware and software to add remote configuration and provisioning flexibility to the network by allowing the dynamic add/drop of variable optical wavelengths having different amplitudes with different end destinations. |
| - | Circulators. Circulators consist of sophisticated micro-optic components that are used to direct optical signals between different fibers. Circulators are also used in optical amplifying applications and used in DWDM fiber grating based wavelength expansion products. |
Wavelength Conditioning Products. For reliable fiber optic communication systems, the light signal intensity needs to be controlled. For example, excess input power can overload the receivers and an optical attenuator is used to reduce the input signal to the level required by the receiver. Wavelength conditioning products are used in optical networks along with DWDM multiplexers and demultiplexers, optical amplifiers, and re-configurable optical add drop multiplexers to provide the power control functions.
| - | Variable Optical Attenuators. Variable optical attenuators, or VOAs, are optical devices that reduce the power of the optical signal in DWDM networks to ensure that all optical signals within a network have equal power. The amount of power reduction of a particular optical signal can be adjusted to match the power of other optical signals in the network thereby enhancing network performance and service quality. |
| - | Dynamic Band Equalization Products. Dynamic band equalization products monitor and adjust power levels of multiple bands of ITU channels. These subsystems separate multiple ITU channels into bands of channels, and then monitor and control the power levels of these bands through standard telecommunication interfaces such as RS232 and then multiplex these multiple bands onto a single fiber. They are used for power equalization in various parts of the network including metro and long haul. |
Customers
We sell our products worldwide to communications equipment suppliers. In certain cases, we sell our products to our competitors or other component manufacturers for their resale or integration into their own products. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003, we sold our products to over 240 companies worldwide.
Our top ten customers, although not the same ten customers for each period, together accounted for 72%, 73% and 83% of our revenues in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Nortel Networks Corporation, Adva AG Optical Networking and Marubun Corporation each accounted for greater than 10% of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003, and Siemens AG and Marubun Corporation each accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002. Agere Systems, Inc., Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks Corporation and Sycamore Networks each accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2001. We expect that the majority of our revenues will continue to depend on sales to a relatively small set of customers, although potentially not the same customers period to period. In addition, some of our customers are companies with which we presently compete or in the future may compete. See Note 2 Concentration of Credit Risk, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Backlog
We define backlog to include orders for which we expect to recognize revenues within the succeeding twelve months. Historically, through early calendar 2001, a substantial portion of our net revenues in any fiscal period has been derived from orders in backlog. However, due to the downturn in the fiber optics industry, we are substantially dependent upon orders we receive and fill on a short-term basis. Backlog has significantly declined and as of June 30, 2003, we do not believe that backlog is a reliable indicator of our future revenues for the next year. Sales are made pursuant to purchase orders, which are frequently subject to revision or cancellation. Because of the possibility of changes in delivery or acceptance schedules, cancellations of orders, returns or price reductions, our backlog, as of any particular date, may not be representative of actual sales for any succeeding period.
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Marketing, Sales and Customer Support
We market and sell our products through both direct sales and distribution channels, including five domestic and ten international sales representatives and distributors. Our sales representatives and distributors are independent organizations within North America, Europe and Asia. As of June 30, 2003, we employed 19 people in sales, marketing and customer service and support in the U.S. and 6 people in sales and marketing in our Zhuhai, China facility, who manage key customer accounts and support our direct sales force, sales representatives and distributors. Our marketing team promotes our products within the communications industry as well as gathers and analyzes market research. Our marketing professionals help us to identify and define next-generation products by working closely with our customers and our research and development engineers. They also coordinate our participation in trade shows and design and implement our advertising effort.
Product Development
As of September 19, 2003, we had 14 engineers, 5 of whom hold Ph.D. degrees, involved in research and development of our products. Our engineering team has extensive design, packaging, processing, electrical, mechanical, firmware and software experience in the fields of fiber optic components, integrated optic interfaces and systems.
Our primary product development center is located in Zhuhai, China. Our research and development expense, including non-cash compensation expense, was $8.5 million, $14.8 million and $22.0 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We spend a substantial proportion of our financial resources on our research and development budget and staff to enhance our current fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules and components and to develop new technologies and products to serve the current and next-generation communication markets.
Manufacturing
We currently manufacture substantially all of our subsystems, integrated modules and components at our manufacturing facilities in China. We maintain a pilot line at our headquarters in San Jose, California. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003, we completed the transfer of manufacturing processes and assembly operations to our facility in Zhuhai, China.
Our facility in Zhuhai maintains complete in-house manufacturing capabilities including component and module design, integration, production and testing. We plan to continue to invest resources in manufacturing management, engineering and quality control. We also plan to continue to develop automated manufacturing systems to provide higher throughput, improve yields and reduce manufacturing costs.
We also lease a facility located in Shanghai, China, which is used for administration, manufacturing and research and development. In July 2003, we announced the plan to sell our Shanghai facility and that the results of our Shanghai operation would be disclosed separately as loss from discontinued operation.
In accordance with our restructuring plans announced on July 2, 2001, our facilities in Beijing, Chengdu and Fuzhou were closed during fiscal 2002. We leased 230,000 square feet of our facilities in the Zhuhai Free Trade Zone to third parties and will attempt to lease to third parties the remaining facilities that are in excess of our current requirements.
A number of critical raw materials used in manufacturing our products are acquired from single or limited source suppliers. The inability to obtain sufficient quantities of those materials may result in delays, increased costs and reductions in our product shipments.
We are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the storage, use, discharge and disposal of toxic or otherwise hazardous or regulated chemicals or materials used in our manufacturing
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processes. To date, such laws and regulations have not materially affected our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position. We do not anticipate any material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities for the foreseeable future.
Quality
We have established a quality management system to assure that the products we provide to our customers meet or exceed industry standards. This system is based on the international standard ISO 9001. Our U.S. headquarters have been third-party certified to the ISO 9001-1994 standard in research and manufacturing since July 1998. Our manufacturing operations at Zhuhai and Shanghai, China are both third-party certified to the ISO 9001:2000 standard.
Competition
The markets in which we sell our products are highly competitive. Our overall competitive position depends upon a number of factors, including:
| - | selling price; |
| - | the breadth of our product line; |
| - | availability, performance and reliability of our products; |
| - | our ability to participate in the growth of emerging technologies; |
| - | the ability to win designs through prototyping; |
| - | the compatibility of our products with existing communications networks; |
| - | the quality of our manufacturing processes; and |
| - | manufacturing capacity and capability. |
We believe that our principal competitors are the major manufacturers of optical subsystems, integrated modules and components, including both vendors selling to third parties and business divisions within communications equipment suppliers. Our principal competitors in the fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules and components market include Avanex Corporation (including the photonic technologies business of Corning Incorporated), DiCon Fiberoptics, Inc., Furukawa Electrical Co., Ltd., FDK Corporation, NEL Hitachi Cable, Santec Corporation, Tyco Electronics and JDS Uniphase Corporation. We believe that we primarily compete with diversified suppliers, such as JDS Uniphase, Santec and FDK, for the majority of our product line and to a lesser extent with niche players that offer a more limited product line.
Many of these companies have substantially greater financial, engineering and manufacturing resources as well as greater name recognition and stronger customer relationships. Competitors in any portion of our business may also rapidly become competitors in other portions of our business. In addition, our industry has recently experienced significant consolidation, and we anticipate that further consolidation will occur. This consolidation has increased, and will likely continue to increase competition.
Intellectual Property
To date, we have been granted 43 issued patents, have 6 allowed applications awaiting issuance and have 27 patent applications pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for various technologies and products, including DWDM interleavers, DWDM subsystems, multi-channel optic filter arrays, high reliability fused couplers, circulators, compact optical switches and polarization beam combiners. The terms of our patents are computed in accordance with United States federal patent statutes. In general, this means that a patent will have a
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term expiring twenty years from its filing date. All issued patents for our core technology will not expire for at least a decade. In addition, we currently have 28 pending patent applications in the Peoples Republic of China, 14 of which are counterparts to U.S. patents or patent applications.
While we rely on patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark law and restrictions on disclosure to protect our technology, we believe that factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, new product developments, frequent product enhancements and reliable product maintenance are essential to establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position. We cannot assure you that others will not develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technology.
Protecting our intellectual property is critical to the success of our business. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, various unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult, and there can be no assurance that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our technology. Moreover, the laws of some foreign countries, including China, do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.
Substantial litigation regarding intellectual property rights exists in the optical communications industry. We expect that fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules and components may be increasingly subject to third-party infringement claims as the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. In addition, we believe that many of our competitors in the optical communications industry have filed or intend to file patent applications covering aspects of their technology on which they may claim our technology infringes. For example, in June 2000, Chorum Technologies, Inc. filed a lawsuit against us and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Telelight Communication Inc., in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas alleging, among other things, infringement of two U.S. patents allegedly owned by Chorum relating to fiber optic interleaving, based on our manufacture of and offer to sell various fiber optic interleaver products. On May 7, 2001, we filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging, among other matters, that Chorum infringes one of our patents relating to fiber optic couplers based on Chorums manufacture of and offer to sell various DWDM products. In October 2001, we reached an agreement with Chorum and its affiliates to dismiss the patent infringement litigation between the companies without prejudice. However, we cannot assure you that Chorum or Oplink will not in the future elect to refile the prior patent infringement actions or file new patent infringement actions against the other.
We are also currently subject to a lawsuit filed by Oz Optics Limited et al. alleging trade secret misappropriation and other related claims. The plaintiffs seek actual damages against four individuals, including our former Vice President of Product Line Management, Zeynep Hakimoglu, and three other unrelated individuals, and us in the amounts of approximately $17,550,000 and $1,500,000, respectively, and enhanced damages, injunctive relief, costs and attorney fees, and other relief. The plaintiffs sought a temporary restraining order in December 2001, which the court denied, and withdrew their preliminary injunction motion against us. We answered the complaint on January 22, 2002, denying plaintiffs claims. The case is in the early stages of discovery and no trial date has been set. We believe that the claims against us are without merit and we intend to defend ourselves against such claims vigorously.
We cannot make any assurances that other third parties will not claim infringement by us with respect to our technology. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming to defend, result in costly litigation, divert managements attention and resources, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. A successful claim of product infringement against us and our failure or inability to license the infringed or similar technology could seriously harm our financial condition.
Employees
As of June 30, 2003, we had 78 full-time employees located in the United States and 598 full-time employees located in China. None of our employees in the United States are represented by a labor union. All of
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our employees in Zhuhai are represented by a labor union formed on November 6, 2001, pursuant to the requirements of the Chinas Labor Union Law. We have not experienced any work stoppages and we consider our relations with our employees to be good.
Financial Information About Geographic Areas
The breakdown of sales by geographic customer destination is as follows (in thousands):
| Years Ended June 30, | |||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 | |||||||
| Sales: |
|||||||||
| United States |
$ | 9,751 | $ | 19,676 | $ | 101,761 | |||
| Europe |
4,308 | 10,881 | 17,626 | ||||||
| Asia |
7,138 | 6,361 | 5,714 | ||||||
| Canada |
1,440 | 1,004 | 6,714 | ||||||
| Totals |
$ | 22,637 | $ | 37,922 | $ | 131,815 | |||
The breakdown of property, plant and equipment, net by geographical location is as follows (in thousands):
| June 30, | |||||||||
| 2003 |
2002 |
2001 | |||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net: |
|||||||||
| United States |
$ | 4,661 | $ | 17,793 | $ | 45,877 | |||
| Peoples Republic of China |
27,077 | 41,939 | 46,209 | ||||||
| Totals |
$ | 31,738 | $ | 59,732 | $ | 92,086 | |||
Executive Officers and Directors
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers as of September 10, 2003:
| Name |
Age |
Position | ||
| Joseph Y. Liu |
52 | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | ||
| Bruce D. Horn |
52 | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||
| River Gong |
40 | Vice President, Sales | ||
| Xinglong Wang |
38 | Vice President, Operations | ||
| Herbert Chang(1)(2) |
41 | Chairman of the Board of Directors | ||
| Chieh Chang(2)(3) |
51 | Director | ||
| Allen Hsu(2)(4) |
50 | Director | ||
| Jesse W. Jack(1)(3)(4) |
67 | Director | ||
| Leonard J. LeBlanc(3) |
62 | Director |
| (1) | Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. |
| (2) | Member of the Compensation Committee. |
| (3) | Member of the Audit Committee. |
| (4) | Member of the Special Litigation Committee. |
Joseph Y. Liu is one of our founders and has served as our Chief Executive Officer, President and a member of our Board of Directors since October 2002. Previously, Mr. Liu was a board member from August 2002 to October 2002. Mr. Liu was our Chief Executive Officer from September 1999 to November 2001. Mr. Liu was our Chairman of the Board of Directors from November 2001 to August 2002 and
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since our inception in 1995 through May 2000. From 1994 to 1995, Mr. Liu was the General Partner of Techlink Technology Ventures. Prior to 1994, Mr. Liu spent ten years as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Techlink Semiconductor and Equipment Corp., a semiconductor equipment and technology company. Mr. Liu also serves as a director of InterVideo, Inc., a DVD software provider. Mr. Liu received his B.S. from Chinese Cultural University, Taiwan and his M.S. from California State University, Chico.
Bruce D. Horn has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since April 2000. Prior to joining Oplink, Mr. Horn was a consultant at The Brenner Group, a consulting firm, from February 2000 to April 2000. From January 1993 to February 2000, Mr. Horn was the Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer, and from March 1991 to January 1993 he was Director of Finance and Chief Financial Officer, of Larscom Incorporated, a telecommunications company. Mr. Horn received his B.A. in Accounting from the University of Northern Iowa, and his M.B.A. in Finance from California State University at Hayward.
River Gong has served as our Vice President of Sales since February 2003. From January 2001 to February 2003, Ms. Gong served as our Sr. Director of Sales, from May 1999 to January 2001 she was Director of Sales, and from January 1998 to May 1999 she was Sales Manager. Prior to joining Oplink, Ms. Gong was Division Manager and Sales Manager of MP Fiber Optics (now Global Opticom), a fiber optics company, from January 1995 to December 1997. Prior to that, she was an architect in China for five years. Ms. Gong received her B.S. in Architecture from Harbin Institute University.
Xinglong Wang has served as our Vice President of Operations since July 2003. From September 2001 to July 2003, Mr. Wang was Director of New Product Introduction Components, and from August 1999 to September 2001 he was Director of Manufacturing Operations, of JDS Uniphase Corporation, a fiber optics company. From September 1996 to August 1999, Mr. Wang was Manager of Operations of Kaifa Technology (now JDS Uniphase). Mr. Wang received his Ph.D., M.S. and B.S. in Optical Engineering from Tianjin University in China.
Herbert Chang has been a member of our Board of Directors since August 1996 and became the chairman of the board in August 2002. Since April 1996, Mr. Chang has been President of InveStar Capital Inc., a technology venture capital management firm based in Taiwan. From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Chang was Senior Vice President at WK Technology Fund, a venture capital fund. Mr. Chang serves on the board of directors of Marvell Technology Group Ltd., a manufacturer of integrated circuits for communications-related markets, and Vialta, Inc., a home entertainment and communications products company. Mr. Chang received his B.S. from National Taiwan University and his M.B.A. from National Chiao-Tung University in Taiwan.
Chieh Chang has been a member of our Board of Directors since September 1995. From February 2000 to February 2003, Mr. Chang has served as Chief Executive Officer of Programmable Microelectronics Company, Inc., a fabless semiconductor design company. From April 1992 to August 1996, Mr. Chang was the Director of Technology at Cirrus Logic, Inc., a semiconductor company. Mr. Chang received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the National Taiwan University and his M.S. in Electrical Engineering from UCLA.
Allen Hsu has been a member of our Board of Directors since September 2002. Since May 1998, Mr. Hsu has served as chairman of Paclink Management Corporation, a venture capital management firm. Since 1990, Mr. Hsu has been a Deputy Managing Director of Yulon Group, an industrial conglomerate based in Taiwan. Mr. Hsu serves on the boards of directors of Taiwan Mask Corporation, Altek Corporation, Myson-Century Inc., Programmable Microelectronics (Taiwan) Corporation, Antek Semiconductors Corporation and Anachip Corporation. Mr. Hsu received his B.S. in Management Science from National Chiao-Tung University and an M.B.A. from National Cheng-Chi University.
Jesse W. Jack has been a member of our Board of Directors since July 2002. Since January 2003, Mr. Jack has been self-employed as an attorney with The Law Offices of Jesse Jack. He is also the Vice President and General Counsel for I-Bus Corporation, a privately held company. From 1994 until January 2003, Mr. Jack was a
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partner in the law firm of Jack & Keegan, a California Limited Liability Partnership. Mr. Jack served on the board of directors of The Parkinsons Institute from 1988 through 2000. Mr. Jack received his B.S. from California State University, San Jose and his J.D. from Hastings College of Law.
Leonard J. LeBlanc has been a member of our Board of Directors since July 2000. Since August 2000, Mr. LeBlanc has been on the Board of Directors of eBest Inc. and since February 2001 has been Vice President of Corporate Development and Acting Chief Financial Officer of eBest Inc., a private software company providing collaborative business management solutions. Mr. LeBlanc was the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Vantive Corporation, a customer relationship management software and solution company, from August 1998 to January 2000. From March 1996 to July 1997, Mr. LeBlanc was the Executive Vice President of Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer at Infoseek Corporation, an Internet search and navigation company. From September 1993 to December 1994, Mr. LeBlanc served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Administration of GTECH Corporation, a manufacturer of lottery equipment and systems. From May 1987 to December 1992, Mr. LeBlanc served as Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer of Cadence Design Systems, Inc., an electronic design automation software company. Mr. LeBlanc also serves on the board of directors of AXT, Inc., a company involved with the manufacture and sale of high-performance compound semiconductor substrates. Mr. LeBlanc received his B.S. and M.S. from the College of Holy Cross, and his masters degree in finance from George Washington University.
RISK FACTORS
In addition to the risks discussed in Business or Managements Discussion of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, our business is subject to the risks set forth below.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
WE HAVE INCURRED SIGNIFICANT LOSSES, AND OUR FAILURE TO INCREASE OUR REVENUES COULD PREVENT US FROM ACHIEVING PROFITABILITY.
We have incurred significant losses since our inception in 1995 and expect to incur losses in the future. We incurred net losses of $36.8 million, $68.4 million and $80.4 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We have not achieved profitability on a quarterly or annual basis since inception. As of June 30, 2003, we had an accumulated deficit of $218.0 million. We will need to generate significantly greater revenues while containing costs and operating expenses to achieve profitability. Our revenues may not grow in future quarters, and we may never generate sufficient revenues to achieve profitability.
WE DEPEND UPON A SMALL NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS FOR A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF OUR REVENUES, AND ANY DECREASE IN REVENUES FROM, OR LOSS OF, THESE CUSTOMERS WITHOUT A CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN REVENUES FROM OTHER CUSTOMERS WOULD HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
We depend upon a small number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenues. Our top ten customers, although not the same ten customers for each period, together accounted for 72%, 73% and 83% of our revenues in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Nortel Networks Corporation, Adva AG Optical Networking and Marubun Corporation each accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003, and Siemens AG and Marubun Corporation each accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002. Agere Systems, Inc., Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks Corporation and Sycamore Networks each accounted for greater than 10% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2001. We expect that we will continue to depend upon a small number of customers, although potentially not the same customers, for a substantial portion of our revenues.
Our revenues generated from these customers, individually or in the aggregate, may not reach or exceed historic levels in any future period. We may not be the sole source of supply to our customers, and they may
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choose to purchase products from other vendors. Furthermore, the businesses of our existing customers are experiencing a downturn, which is resulting, in some instances, in significantly decreased sales to these customers and harming our results of operations. Loss or cancellations of orders from, or any further downturn in the business of, any of our customers could harm our business. Our dependence on a small number of customers may increase if the fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules and components industry and our target markets continue to consolidate.
OUR QUARTERLY REVENUES AND OPERATING RESULTS ARE DIFFICULT TO PREDICT AND MAY CONTINUE TO FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY FROM QUARTER TO QUARTER, AND THEREFORE, MAY VARY FROM INVESTORS EXPECTATIONS, WHICH COULD CAUSE OUR STOCK PRICE TO DROP.
It is difficult to forecast our revenues accurately. Moreover, our revenues, expenses and operating results have varied significantly from quarter to quarter in the past and may continue to fluctuate significantly in the future. The factors, many of which are more fully discussed in other risk factors, that are likely to cause these variations include, among others:
| - | economic downturn and uncertainty of the fiber optic industry; |
| - | economic conditions specific to the communications and related industries and the development and size of the markets for our products; |
| - | fluctuations in demand for, and sales of, our products; |
| - | cancellations of orders and shipment rescheduling; |
| - | our ability to successfully improve our manufacturing capability in our facilities in China; |
| - | the availability of raw materials used in our products and increases in the price of these raw materials; |
| - | the ability of our manufacturing operations in China to timely produce and deliver products in the quantity and of the quality we require; |
| - | our ability to achieve acceptable production yields in China; |
| - | the practice of communication equipment suppliers to sporadically place large orders with short lead times; |
| - | the mix of products and the average selling prices of the products we sell; |
| - | competitive factors, including introductions of new products, new technologies and product enhancements by competitors, consolidation of competitors in the fiber optic subsystems, integrated modules and components market and pricing pressures; |
| - | our ability to develop, introduce, manufacture and ship new and enhanced optical networking products in a timely manner without defects; and |
| - | costs associated with and the outcomes of any intellectual property or other litigation to which we are, or may become, a party. |
Due to the factors noted above and other risks discussed in this section, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results will not be meaningful. Moreover, if we experience difficulties in any of these areas, our operating results could be significantly and adversely affected and our stock price could decline. Also, it is possible that in some future quarter our operating results may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, which could cause our stock price to fall.
WE DEPEND ON THE CONTINUED GROWTH AND SUCCESS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY, WHICH IS EXPERIENCING A SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC DOWNTURN, AS WELL AS RAPID CONSOLIDATION AND REALIGNMENT AND MAY NOT CONTINUE TO DEMAND FIBER OPTIC PRODUCTS AT HISTORICAL RATES, THEREBY REDUCING DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS AND HARMING OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
We depend on the continued growth and success of the communications industry, including the continued growth of the Internet as a widely-used medium for commerce and communication and the continuing demand
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for increased bandwidth over communications networks. As a result of recent unfavorable economic conditions and reduced capital spending in the communications industry, our growth rate m