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UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-K
(Mark
One)
ý ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE
ACT
OF 1934
For
the fiscal year ended December 26, 2004
OR
o TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
|
For
the transition period from ____________ to
____________
Commission
File No. 001-31299 |
| |
|
|
MEDICAL
STAFFING NETWORK HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
Delaware |
|
65-0865171 |
|
(State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization) |
|
(I.R.S.
Employer Identification Number) |
| |
|
|
|
901
Yamato Road, Suite 110
Boca
Raton, FL 33431 |
|
(Address
of principal executive offices) |
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code: (561)
322-1300
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| |
|
Name
of each exchange |
| |
Title
of each class: |
on
which registered: |
| |
Common
Stock, par value $0.01 |
New
York Stock Exchange |
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate
by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days.
Yes
ý No
o
Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and
will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive
proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Act).
Yes
ý No
o
The
aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by
non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was
last sold as of June 25, 2004 (the last business day of the registrant’s most
recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $188,940,319. As of March 9, 2005,
there were 30,231,708 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value,
outstanding.
Documents
Incorporated by Reference:
Part III
of this Form 10-K incorporates certain information by reference from the
registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2004 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders, which will be filed no later than 120 days after December 26,
2004.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
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PAGE |
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PART
I |
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Item
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Item
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Item
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Item
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PART
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Item
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Item
7A. |
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28 |
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Item
8. |
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28 |
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Item
9. |
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Item
9A. |
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Item
9B. |
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29 |
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PART
III |
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Item
10. |
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30 |
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Item
11. |
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30 |
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Item
12. |
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30 |
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Item
13. |
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30 |
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Item
14. |
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30 |
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PART
IV |
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Item
15. |
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31 |
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32 |
All
references to “we, “us,” or “our,” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K means
Medical Staffing Network Holdings, Inc.
PART
I
General
Development of Business
We are a
leading temporary healthcare staffing company and the largest provider of per
diem nurse staffing services (staffing assignments of less than thirteen weeks
in duration) in the United States as measured by revenues. Our per diem staffing
assignments place our professionals, predominately nurses, at hospitals and
other healthcare facilities to solve our clients’ temporary staffing needs. We
believe we are also a leading provider of specialized radiology and diagnostic
imaging specialists and clinical laboratory technicians, or “allied health”
professionals, as measured by revenues. We serve our clients through what we
believe to be the largest temporary healthcare staffing network in the United
States, which was comprised as of December 26, 2004 of over 125 per diem
branches that provide nurse staffing on a per diem basis in over
40 states. Our extensive client base includes over 7,000 healthcare
facilities including leading for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals, leading
teaching hospitals and regional healthcare providers. We do not receive a
material portion of our revenues from Medicare or Medicaid reimbursements or
similar state reimbursement programs.
Our
business has grown significantly since our founding in 1998. We call branches
that we have opened since our inception “de
novo”
branches, as opposed to branches acquired from third parties. Approximately 65%
of all existing branches as of December 26, 2004 were de
novo
branches.
During
2004, we expanded our services to provide temporary general staffing. Our per
diem general staffing assignments place individuals in a variety of areas
including clerical, janitorial and food services. We feel the addition of per
diem general staffing services help make us a “full service” provider to our
clients, as well as attract new non-healthcare related clients.
For the
year ended December 26, 2004, we had revenues of $417.1 million and income from
operations of $1.6 million. During this period, we earned 75% of our revenues
from our per diem nurse staffing assignments, 16% from our specialized radiology
and diagnostic imaging technicians and clinical laboratory technicians, or our
“allied health” assignments, 9% from our travel nurse staffing assignments and
less than 1% from our per diem general staffing assignments.
We
believe the flexibility of our service offerings provides substantial value to
our clients and professionals. We provide our clients with significant
assistance in managing their profitability by giving them a high degree of
control in managing their labor costs without sacrificing clinical expertise. In
addition, working on a per diem basis allows our healthcare professionals
substantial flexibility in balancing their careers with their lifestyle
objectives.
We were
formed as a Delaware corporation in 1998. Our predecessor corporation, Southeast
Staffing Partners, Inc., a Florida corporation, was founded in
June 1997.
Industry
Overview
The
temporary nurse staffing market has two major components: per diem nursing and
travel nursing. Per diem nurse staffing is the largest sector of the temporary
healthcare staffing industry, providing healthcare professionals for assignments
of a single shift to thirteen weeks, and is used to meet local labor shortages
and openings due to holidays, vacations, illness and staff turnover, as well as
daily and seasonal fluctuations in hospital volume. The per diem market operates
with many local operators and is highly fragmented. The per diem staffing model
requires a local presence in every market served because these short-term
staffing needs are typically filled on a local basis, and are dependant on the
relationship that exists between local operators, local professionals and the
healthcare facility.
In the
travel nurse market, healthcare facilities hire travel nurses on a contract,
fixed-term basis to meet seasonal fluctuations in hospital admissions levels for
time periods ranging from several weeks to one year, but are typically thirteen
weeks long. Travel nurse companies coordinate travel and housing arrangements
for their professionals who typically relocate to the area in which they are
placed. The travel staffing model utilizes a centralized approach to serving its
clients.
Allied
staffing consists of highly specialized radiology and diagnostic imaging
specialties, clinical laboratory specialties, rehabilitation specialties,
pharmacists and respiratory therapists. These professionals are staffed on both
a per diem and travel basis.
Service
revenues and gross profit margins have been under pressure as demand for
temporary nurses is currently going through a period of contraction. Due to the
current difficult economic times, the unemployment rate, while slightly improved
over the past year, remains high. We believe this has resulted in nurses in many
households becoming a primary wage earner, which is causing such nurses to seek
more traditional full-time employment. Additionally, hospitals are experiencing
lower than projected admissions levels and are placing greater reliance on
existing full-time staff, resulting in increased overtime and nurse-patient
loads.
We cannot
predict when conditions will reverse, but we are confident in the long-term
growth of the industry. In a January 13, 2000 report, the U.S. Census Bureau,
Population Projections Bureau, projected that the number of Americans over 65
years of age is expected to grow from 34.5 million in 2000 to 53.7 million in
2020. In a July 2002 report, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
stated that the national supply of full-time equivalent registered nurses was
approximately 1.9 million while demand was approximately 2.0 million. This gap
between supply and demand for nurses is expected to grow from 0.1 million in
2000 to 0.8 million by 2020. Additionally, there is a growing trend to restrict
mandatory healthcare worker overtime requirements by employers and to establish
nurse-patient ratios. Several states have enacted legislation prohibiting
mandatory overtime and other states have similar legislation pending. In
conjunction with the aforementioned factors, as the economy rebounds, the
prospects for the healthcare staffing industry should improve as hospitals
experience higher admissions levels and increasing shortages of healthcare
workers.
Description
of the Business
We
provide hospitals and other healthcare facilities with a wide range of staffing
services, including per diem nurses, allied professionals and travel nurses.
While we have a national presence, we operate on a local basis through an
integrated network, which consisted of over 125 per diem branches in over 40
states as of December 26, 2004, so that we may develop significant
relationships with our clients and healthcare professionals and provide the
highest level of service. We have provided services to over 7,000 healthcare
facilities that have paid us directly for the services we provide.
Temporary
Staffing Services Provided
The per
diem nurse staffing portion of our business provides nurses for assignments with
durations ranging from a single shift to a 13-week assignment and represented
approximately 75% of our 2004 fiscal year revenues. We offer our clients all
major classifications of nurses, including registered nurses and licensed
practical nurses, across all specialties such as pediatric, geriatric, intensive
care unit and cardiovascular. We provide per diem personnel to a variety of
healthcare facilities including acute care hospitals, nursing homes, clinics and
surgical and ambulatory care centers. We serve both for-profit and
not-for-profit organizations that range in scope from one facility to national
chains with over 100 facilities. The allied staffing portion of our business,
which represented approximately 16% of our 2004 fiscal year revenues,
specializes in providing allied professionals to hospitals, nursing homes,
clinics and surgical and ambulatory care centers, both on a per diem and a
travel basis. We believe our allied healthcare business to be among the largest
in the country as measured by revenues. Allied staffing specialties that we
staff include diagnostic imaging and radiology technicians, clinical laboratory
technicians, rehabilitation specialists, pharmacists and respiratory therapists.
The travel nurse staffing portion of our business, which represents
approximately 9% of our 2004 fiscal year revenues, provides nurses and surgical
technicians to hospitals across the country for assignments lasting over
thirteen weeks. The per diem general staffing portion of our business, which
represents less than 1% of our 2004 fiscal year revenues, places individuals in
a variety of areas including clerical, janitorial and food services.
During
the second quarter of 2003, we discontinued our physician staffing operation,
and as such, the results of operations from these services are shown separately,
as a total amount, in our consolidated statements of operations for all years
presented.
National
Branch Network
We
currently operate an integrated network, which consists of over 125 per diem
branches located in over 40 states as of December 26, 2004. Our
branches are organized into several geographic regions, each of which is
coordinated by a regional director. These branches serve as our direct contact
with our healthcare professionals and clients and are active in recruiting,
scheduling, and sales and marketing. Each branch is responsible for covering a
specific local geographic region. Our typical branch is staffed with four or
five professionals who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the
business. These professionals include a branch manager, two to three staffing
coordinators, and a payroll administrator.
The cost
structure of our typical branch is primarily fixed, consisting of limited
personnel, office space rent, information systems infrastructure and supplies.
We have been able to develop a highly efficient branch management model that is
easily scaleable to meet increasing demand.
Recruitment
and Retention
Our
ability to recruit and retain a pool of talented, motivated and highly
credentialed healthcare professionals is critical to our success. Our active
pool of professionals was greater than 31,000 in 2004. We typically attract new
recruits via word of mouth. Over 80% of our senior operations management have
nursing or other clinical backgrounds. We believe this depth of clinical
experience helps us understand the needs of clinical personnel and enhances our
reputation in the industry as an advocate for nurses and other healthcare
professionals, improving our ability to recruit such personnel. In addition, we
offer competitive benefits packages that differentiate us from the smaller,
local per diem staffing companies with which we compete, and which are typically
unable to offer the package of services and benefits that we offer. We believe
our competitive advantages in recruiting skilled personnel include the ability
to offer the following opportunities to our personnel:
| · |
Flexible
Staffing Assignments.
We provide our professionals with the flexibility to tailor their staffing
schedules to accommodate lifestyle choices. There are many reasons why
qualified nurses choose to work on a per diem basis, but most are
motivated by the ability to balance their profession with their other
responsibilities and interests. Our professionals are able to choose not
only when they work but also where they work. Our scheduling systems are
designed to place our professionals in facilities and shifts where they
have had a productive and positive experience with our clients.
|
| · |
Competitive
Benefits Package.
We believe that we were the first per diem healthcare staffing company to
offer a comprehensive benefits program for qualified per diem staff. Our
program includes a matching 401(k) plan and access to group discounted
benefits such as health, dental, life, disability and general liability
insurances for healthcare professionals who work for us for a specified
minimum number of hours per month for more than one month.
|
| · |
Choice
of Pay Frequency—Including Daily.
Our ability to offer pay as frequently as daily provides our professionals
with another key element of flexibility. Rather than waiting for the end
of a traditional weekly or biweekly pay period, our professionals can be
paid immediately after completing their shifts. This allows our branch
staff to maintain an active dialogue with our professionals regarding
future assignments. This consistent interaction fosters unique
relationships that distinguish us from our competition.
|
| · |
Leading
Continuing Educational Programs.
We also offer continuing education courses as a means to improve our pool
of nurses as well as to maintain proper compliance. We have a unique
relationship with Florida Atlantic University’s College of Nursing. The
College of Nursing faculty develops continuing education courses that we
offer online through our website. Our nurses can obtain continuing
education units (CEUs) that many states require to educate our nurses
regarding changing technology and clinical practices. Our courses are
fully accredited by the American Nurses Credentialing Center of Excellence
and the Florida Board of Nursing. |
We have
several proven recruitment channels that consistently augment our pool of
healthcare professionals at low marginal cost. In 2004, we spent approximately
1% of our revenues on recruitment activities. Our recruiting activities include
print advertisements in local newspapers and in trade journals, mailings,
Internet listings and solicitations at trade conventions.
Quality
Management
We have
developed a substantial clinical quality improvement program to uphold our high
standards in recruiting healthcare professionals. Our two-step internal process
ensures that all of our temporary professionals have the proper credentials,
skills and experience for their assignments. We have found that our adherence to
high quality management standards is an integral component of satisfying both
clients and professionals with our placements. Our two-step process for quality
management includes the following:
Pre-employment
Qualifications. All of
our healthcare professionals undergo a rigorous screening process that includes
requirements such as a minimum of one year of related work experience and the
successful completion of written tests specific to their area of specialty. Each
applicant is then interviewed in person by a local branch manager. This sets us
apart from our competitors who often do not conduct face-to-face interviews. We
also check prior work references, confirm the validity of the applicant’s
professional license(s) and screen the applicant for any criminal activity and
drug abuse. All of these standards comply with or exceed those required by
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) and Joint Commission
on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
Placement
and Ongoing Monitoring. Once we
have hired a healthcare professional, we enter all of the professional’s data
into our database, which tracks any “renewal dates” with respect to licenses and
continuing education requirements. Our database also matches our clients’ needs
with our available pool of professionals. We strive to place our professionals
in facilities where they have previously worked in order to enhance the
continuity of our services to our clients. If this is not possible, we provide
our professionals with pre-staffing orientation to the facility. By taking these
steps, we ensure that the healthcare professional is comfortable with the
facility’s physical layout, permanent staff and clinical protocols. We also
continually monitor the performance of our professionals through evaluations and
client feedback, among other things. In addition, our clients may access our
database remotely (via the Internet), which provides them the ability to view
the credentials of the professionals being staffed at their facilities.
Sales
and Marketing
We have
developed a three-pronged approach to our sales and marketing activities in
order to address the different levels of decision makers at our clients’
facilities:
Our first
level of business development and relationship management is with the purchasing
manager, administrator(s) or chief nursing officer at a group of facilities we
service. Commonly-owned hospitals, nursing home chains and healthcare group
alliances often purchase temporary staffing services for multiple facilities
under a single contract, and a single person typically manages the selection
process. A senior member of our staff, the regional director and, in certain
circumstances, the Executive Vice President of Nurse Per Diem Operations,
negotiate contractual terms and pricing with such groups of facilities.
Our
second level of business development and relationship management is with the
director of nursing or a nurse/allied department manager who reviews our
services from a clinical competency and quality hiring standards perspective.
Our regional director and local branch manager establish, build and maintain
relationships at this level.
Our third
level of relationship management is with the facility staffing coordinators and
the after-hours and weekend supervisors who are the actual users of the
services. Our branch managers and local staffing coordinators regularly contact
these buyers to coordinate the daily staffing and scheduling of personnel.
Information
Systems
Our
information system for our per diem staffing operation, for which we hold an
exclusive twenty-five year license and which we refer to as MSN HealthWorks, is
customized to our recruiting, regulatory credentialing, scheduling and billing
needs. Not only is the database used as a management tool, but it is also used
by our staffing coordinators in each branch to respond quickly to client
questions and requests. MSN HealthWorks’ applications and its supporting
infrastructure house and organize all of our client and employee information.
Electronic files are maintained on our client facilities, detailing historical
and prospective requests for staffing. These files also contain
facility-specific procedures and protocols so that we can ensure that our
healthcare professionals integrate quickly. Each employee’s electronic file
contains the employee’s credentials, test scores, employment record and
availability. This data enables our branch-office staff to automatically match
open requests with qualified candidates.
MSN
HealthWorks also monitors billing records using time cards to generate invoices
for our clients and paycheck information for our employees. MSN HealthWorks
operates as a single entry system, meaning that the initial shift confirmation
entry enables our payroll to be generated at the branch level on a daily basis
and the invoicing to be generated at our corporate office. This system enables
us not only to monitor costs and compliance, but also to ensure that we respond
to client requests as quickly as possible. We typically fill a client staffing
request in less than 15 minutes.
We have
adapted MSN HealthWorks to provide our clients with functionality for budgeting
and access to nurse and employee credentials via the Internet
Competition
The
temporary healthcare staffing industry is highly competitive. We compete with
both national firms and local and regional firms. We compete with these firms to
attract nurses and other healthcare professionals as temporary healthcare
professionals and to attract hospital and healthcare facility clients. We
compete for temporary healthcare professionals on the basis of the quantity,
diversity and quality of assignments available, compensation packages, and the
benefits that we provide to temporary healthcare professionals while they are on
assignment. We compete for hospital and healthcare facility clients on the basis
of the quality of our temporary healthcare professionals, the timely
availability of our professionals with the requisite skills, quality and scope,
price and geographic reach of our services.
The per
diem market includes many local operators and is highly fragmented. The per diem
staffing business requires a local presence in every market served since an
important relationship exists between the local branch and the healthcare
facility. We believe, however, that larger, nationally established firms enjoy
distinct competitive advantages over smaller, local and regional competitors in
the healthcare staffing industry. Larger and more established firms have a
critical mass of available nursing candidates, substantial word-of-mouth
referral networks and established brand names, enabling them to attract a
consistent flow of new applicants. Larger firms can also more easily provide
payroll services, which are cash flow intensive, to healthcare providers. As a
result, sizable and established firms such as ours have had a significant
advantage over small participants.
Some of
our large competitors in the temporary healthcare staffing industry include AMN
Healthcare Services, Inc., Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and InteliStaf
Healthcare, Inc.
Professional
Liability Insurance
We retain
the first $1.0 million, per occurrence, of risk associated with professional
liability. We maintain a professional liability insurance policy for losses in
excess of this per occurrence amount. We believe this is sufficient for the
risks associated with our business. Medical malpractice claims against us
relating to our healthcare professionals are defended by our insurance carrier.
We have indemnity agreements with approximately 80% of our clients which state
that we will defend, indemnify and hold harmless those clients against any act
of omission or willful or reckless acts, including negligence and misconduct. A
majority of such agreements are reciprocal.
Trademarks
and Service Marks
The
service mark “Medical Staffing Network, Inc.” (Name and Logo), which was
registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as of May 6, 2003, and the
trade name “Medical Staffing Network” are each owned and licensed from Medical
Staffing Network Assets, LLC, our indirectly wholly-owned
subsidiary.
Government
Regulation
The
healthcare industry is subject to extensive and complex federal and state laws
and regulations relating to professional licensure, conduct of operations,
payment for services and payment for referrals. The extensive and complex laws
that apply to our hospital and healthcare facility clients, including laws
related to Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs,
could indirectly affect the demand or the prices paid for our services. For
example, our hospital and healthcare facility clients could suffer civil and/or
criminal penalties and/or be excluded from participating in Medicare, Medicaid
and other healthcare programs if they fail to comply with the laws and
regulations applicable to their businesses.
Our
business, however, is not directly impacted by or subject to the laws and
regulations that generally govern the healthcare industry, because we provide
services on a contract basis and are paid directly by our hospital and other
healthcare facility clients.
Some
states require state licensure for businesses that employ and/or assign
healthcare personnel to provide healthcare services on-site at hospitals and
other healthcare facilities. We hold a Temporary Healthcare Staffing License in
the following jurisdictions in which we do business that require such licenses:
Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Iowa,
Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, Nevada, North
Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas and Washington.
Most of
our temporary healthcare professionals are required to be individually licensed
or certified under applicable state laws. We take reasonable steps to ensure
that our professionals possess all necessary licenses and certifications in all
material respects. These steps include: each employee must present an original
version of a state issued license; we validate each employee’s identity through
government issued photo identification; we call or verify online each employee’s
license with the applicable state board prior to assignment; and, a copy of the
license is maintained in the employee’s personnel file and expiration dates are
monitored through MSN HealthWorks.
Seasonality
Due to
the regional and seasonal fluctuations in the hospital patient census of our
hospital and healthcare facility clients and due to the seasonal preferences for
destinations by our temporary healthcare professionals, the number of healthcare
professionals on assignment, revenue and earnings are subject to moderate
seasonal fluctuations. Many of our hospital and healthcare facility clients are
located in areas, particularly Florida, that experience seasonal fluctuations in
population, during the winter and summer months. These facilities adjust their
staffing levels to accommodate the change in this seasonal demand and many of
these facilities utilize temporary healthcare professionals to satisfy these
seasonal staffing needs.
Historically,
the number of temporary healthcare professionals on assignment has increased
from December through March followed by declines or minimal growth from April
through November. This pattern may or may not continue in the future. As a
result of all of these factors, results of any one quarter are not necessarily
indicative of the results to be expected for any other quarter or for any year.
Employees
As of
December 26, 2004, we employed 1,132 people in the following areas: 852 in
branch and regional operations staff and 280 in corporate office staff. In
addition, during 2004 we employed over 31,000 temporary staff and healthcare
professionals. We do not have any organized labor unions. We believe we have
excellent relationships with our employees.
Generally,
our per diem and travel staff are our employees. However, our certified
registered nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists are, and before
discontinuation of our physician staffing business our physicians were,
independent contractors. We have not entered into any employment agreements with
any of our healthcare professionals.
Available
Information
We file
annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the Securities
and Exchange Commission. Our
annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on
Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section
13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available
free of charge in the “Investor Relations” section of our website at
www.msnhealth.com. These reports, and any amendments to these reports, are made
available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports
are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
In
addition, our website, www.msnhealth.com, includes, free of charge, items
related to corporate governance matters, including our Corporate Governance
Guidelines, charters of various committees of our Board of Directors and our
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to our employees, officers and
directors. A printed copy of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Code of
Business Conduct and Ethics is available without charge by sending a written
request to: Secretary,
Medical Staffing Network Holdings, Inc., 901 Yamato Road, Suite 110,
Boca Raton, Florida 33431.
Risk
Factors
There
are a number of factors, including those specified below, which may adversely
affect our business, financial results or stock price. Additional risks that we
do not know about or that we currently view as immaterial may also impair our
business or adversely impact our financial results or stock
price.
Risks
Related to Our Business and Industry
If
we are unable to attract qualified nurses and allied healthcare professionals
for our healthcare staffing business, our business could be negatively
impacted.
We rely
significantly on our ability to attract and retain nurses and allied healthcare
professionals who possess the skills, experience and licenses necessary to meet
the requirements of our hospital and healthcare facility clients. We compete for
healthcare staffing personnel with other temporary healthcare staffing companies
and with hospitals and healthcare facilities. We must continually evaluate and
expand our temporary healthcare professional network to keep pace with our
hospital and healthcare facility clients’ needs. Currently, there is a shortage
of qualified nurses in most areas of the United States, competition for nursing
personnel is increasing, and salaries and benefits have risen. We may be unable
to continue to increase the number of temporary healthcare professionals that we
recruit, thereby decreasing the potential for growing our business. Our ability
to attract and retain temporary healthcare professionals depends on several
factors, including our ability to provide temporary healthcare professionals
with assignments that they view as attractive and to provide them with
competitive benefits and wages. We cannot assure you that we will
be
successful
in any of these areas. The cost of attracting temporary healthcare professionals
and providing them with attractive benefits packages may be higher than we
anticipate and, as a result, if we are unable to pass these costs on to our
hospital and healthcare facility clients, our profitability could decline.
Moreover, if we are unable to attract and retain temporary healthcare
professionals, the quality of our services to our hospital and healthcare
facility clients may decline and, as a result, we could lose clients.
Contraction
of demand for our temporary nurses may continue if unemployment rates remain
high or increase and hospital admissions levels remain lower than
projected.
Demand
for temporary nurses is currently experiencing a period of contraction. Due to
the current difficult economic times, while slightly improved over the past
year, the unemployment rate remains high, which we believe has resulted in
nurses in many households becoming a primary wage earner, and which is causing
such nurses to seek more traditional full-time employment. Additionally,
hospitals are experiencing lower than projected admissions levels and are
placing greater reliance on existing full-time staff, resulting in increased
overtime and nurse-patient loads. Consequently, our service revenues and gross
profit margins have been under pressure. In June 2003, we completed a plan to
restructure our operations by closing 29 branches. The restructuring was in
response to the current contraction in demand for our services and was necessary
to adjust the infrastructure we had put in place to support multiple growth
initiatives. If these industry trends continue, our revenues and gross profit
margins may decline.
We
operate in a highly competitive market and our success depends on our ability to
remain competitive in obtaining and retaining hospital and healthcare facility
clients and temporary healthcare professionals.
The
temporary healthcare staffing business is highly competitive. We compete in
national, regional and local markets with full-service staffing companies and
with specialized temporary staffing agencies. Some of our competitors in the
temporary nurse staffing sector are AMN Healthcare Services, Inc., Cross Country
Healthcare, Inc. and InteliStaf Healthcare, Inc. Some of our competitors may
have greater marketing and financial resources than we do. Competition for
hospital and healthcare facility clients and temporary healthcare professionals
may increase in the future and, as a result, we may not be able to remain
competitive. To the extent competitors seek to gain or retain market share by
reducing prices or increasing marketing expenditures, we could lose revenues or
hospital and healthcare facility clients. Furthermore, our margins could
decline, which could seriously harm our operating results and cause the price of
our stock to decline. In addition, the development of alternative recruitment
channels could lead our hospital and healthcare facility clients to bypass our
services, which would also cause our revenues and margins to decline.
Our
business depends upon our continued ability to secure and fill new orders from
our hospital and healthcare facility clients, because we do not have long-term
agreements or exclusive contracts with them.
We do not
have long-term agreements or exclusive guaranteed order contracts with our
hospital and healthcare facility clients. The success of our business depends
upon our ability to continually secure new orders from hospitals and other
healthcare facilities and to fill those orders with our temporary healthcare
professionals. Our hospital and healthcare facility clients are free to place
orders with our competitors and may choose to use temporary healthcare
professionals that our competitors offer them. Therefore, we must maintain
positive relationships with our hospital and healthcare facility clients. If we
fail to maintain positive relationships with our hospital and healthcare
facility clients, we may be unable to generate new temporary healthcare
professional orders and our business may be adversely affected.
Reacting
to concerns over agency utilization in prior years, hospitals and other
healthcare facilities have devised strategies to reduce agency expenditure and
limit overall agency utilization. If current pressures to control agency usage
continue and escalate, we will have fewer business opportunities, which could
harm our business.
Fluctuations
in patient occupancy at our hospital and healthcare facility clients may
adversely affect the demand for our services and therefore the profitability of
our business.
Demand
for our temporary healthcare staffing services is significantly affected by the
general level of patient occupancy at our hospital and healthcare facility
clients. When occupancy increases, hospitals and other healthcare facilities
often add temporary employees before full-time employees are hired. As occupancy
decreases, hospitals and other healthcare facilities typically reduce their use
of temporary employees before undertaking layoffs of their regular employees. In
addition, we may experience more competitive pricing pressure during periods of
occupancy downturn. Occupancy at our hospital and healthcare facility clients
also fluctuates due to the seasonality of some elective procedures. We are
unable to predict the level of patient occupancy at any particular time and its
effect on our revenues and earnings.
Healthcare
reform could negatively impact our business opportunities, revenues and
margins.
The U.S.
government has undertaken efforts to control increasing healthcare costs through
legislation, regulation and voluntary agreements with medical care providers and
drug companies. In the recent past, the U.S. Congress has considered several
comprehensive healthcare reform proposals. The proposals were generally intended
to expand healthcare coverage for the uninsured and reduce the growth of total
healthcare expenditures. While the U.S. Congress did not adopt any comprehensive
reform proposals, members of Congress may raise similar proposals in the future.
If any of these proposals are approved, hospitals and other healthcare
facilities may react by spending less on healthcare staffing, including nurses.
If this were to occur, we would have fewer business opportunities, which could
seriously harm our business.
Several
state governments have also attempted to control increasing healthcare costs.
For example, the state of Massachusetts has implemented a regulation that limits
the hourly rate billable by and payable to temporary nursing agencies for
registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and certified nurses’ aides. The
state of Minnesota has also implemented a statute that limits the amount that
nursing agencies may charge nursing homes. Several states have also proposed
legislation that would limit the amounts that temporary staffing companies may
charge. Any such current or proposed laws could seriously harm our business,
revenues and margins.
Furthermore,
third party payors, such as health maintenance organizations, increasingly
challenge the prices charged for medical care. Failure by hospitals and other
healthcare facilities to obtain full reimbursement from those third party payors
could reduce the demand or the price paid for our staffing services.
There is
a growing trend to restrict mandatory healthcare worker overtime requirements by
employers and to establish nurse-patient ratios. The state of California has
already enacted such legislation and several other states have similar
legislation pending. This legislation could ultimately have a potential positive
or negative impact on our business.
We
operate in a regulated industry and changes in regulations or violations of
regulations may result in increased costs or sanctions that could reduce our
revenues and profitability.
The
healthcare industry is subject to extensive and complex federal and state laws
and regulations related to professional licensure, conduct of operations,
payment for services and payment for referrals. If we fail to comply with the
laws and regulations that are directly applicable to our business, we could
suffer civil and/or criminal penalties or be subject to injunctions or cease and
desist orders.
The
extensive and complex laws that apply to our hospital and healthcare facility
clients, including laws related to Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and
state healthcare programs, could indirectly affect the demand or the prices paid
for our services. For example, our hospital and healthcare facility clients
could suffer civil and/or criminal penalties and/or be excluded from
participating in Medicare, Medicaid and other healthcare programs if they fail
to comply with the laws and regulations applicable to their businesses. In
addition, our hospital and healthcare facility clients could receive reduced
reimbursements, or be excluded from coverage, because of a change in the rates
or conditions set by federal or state governments. In turn, violations of or
changes to these laws and regulations that
adversely
affect our hospital and healthcare facility clients could also adversely affect
the prices that these clients are willing or able to pay for our services.
JCAHO is
creating a set of standards by which to certify healthcare staffing providers.
Healthcare staffing companies will be reviewed by JCAHO to ensure that they are
compliant with the standards. Healthcare facilities could potentially use only
those providers that obtain certification. If we do not meet the standards
created by JCAHO, it could potentially have a material effect on our
business.
We
are dependent on the proper functioning of our information
systems.
We are
dependent on the proper functioning of our information systems in operating our
business. Critical information systems used in daily operations identify and
match staffing resources and client assignments and regulatory credentialing
scheduling. They also perform billing and accounts receivable functions. Our
information systems
are vulnerable to fire, storm, flood, power loss, telecommunications failures,
physical or software break-ins and similar events. If our information systems
fail or are otherwise unavailable, these functions would have to be accomplished
manually, which could impact our ability to identify business opportunities
quickly, maintain billing and clinical records reliably, pay our staff in a
timely fashion and bill for services efficiently.
Competition
for acquisition opportunities may restrict our future growth by limiting our
ability to make acquisitions at reasonable
valuations.
Since our
founding in 1998, we have completed 26 acquisitions. Our business strategy
includes increasing our market share and presence in the temporary healthcare
staffing industry through strategic acquisitions of companies that complement or
enhance our business. We have historically faced competition for acquisitions.
In the future, this could limit our ability to grow by acquisitions or could
raise the prices of acquisitions and make them less accretive to us. In
addition, restrictive covenants in our credit facility, including a covenant
that requires us to obtain the approval of our lenders for any acquisition with
a purchase price over $3 million, may limit our ability to complete
desirable acquisitions. If we are unable to secure necessary financing under our
credit facility or otherwise, we may be unable to complete desirable
acquisitions.
We
may face difficulties integrating our acquisitions into our operations and our
acquisitions may be unsuccessful, involve significant cash expenditures or
expose us to unforeseen liabilities.
We
continually evaluate opportunities to acquire healthcare staffing companies that
complement or enhance our business and frequently have preliminary acquisition
discussions with some of these companies.
These
acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:
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potential
loss of key employees or clients of acquired companies;
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difficulties
integrating acquired personnel and distinct cultures into our business;
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difficulties
integrating acquired companies into our operating, financial planning and
financial reporting systems; |