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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


———————


Form 10-K


ý    ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003


Commission File Number: 1-16119


SFBC International, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware

59-2407464

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

                                                                                                                                                 

11190 Biscayne Blvd., Miami, FL 33181

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)


(305) 895-0304

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


None


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:


Common Stock

(Title of Class)


Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ý Yes ¨ No


Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Act). ý Yes ¨ No


State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. $102,321,409 as of June 30, 2003 computed using the closing price of the common stock of the Company, par value $.001 per share, as listed on the National Market System of the Nasdaq Stock Market on the aforementioned date.


Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 10,012,105 shares of common stock were outstanding as of March 8, 2004.


DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE


Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be held on June 7, 2004, and to be filed within 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended on December 31, 2003 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.





SFBC INTERNATIONAL, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K


DECEMBER 31, 2003


 

   

PART I

     

Page

  

                                                                                                                                                   &nbs p;                                     

  

ITEM 1.

 

BUSINESS

 

1

     

ITEM 2.

 

PROPERTY

 

14

     

ITEM 3.

 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

15

     

ITEM 4.

 

SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

15

     
  

PART II

  
     

ITEM 5.

 

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED

STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 


16

     

ITEM 6.

 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

17

     

ITEM 7.

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 


18

     

ITEM 7A.

 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT

MARKET RISK

 


35

     

ITEM 8.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 

36

     

ITEM 9.

 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS

ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

 


36

     

ITEM 9A.

 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

36

     
  

PART III

  
     

ITEM 10.

 

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

37

     

ITEM 10A.

 

COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(A) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT

 

37

     

ITEM 11.

 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 

37

     

ITEM 12.

 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND

MANAGEMENT

 


37

     

ITEM 13.

 

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

 

37

     

ITEM 14.

 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

 

37

     
  

PART IV

  
     

ITEM 15.

 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND

REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

 


38




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PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS.

General


We are a contract research organization, providing a broad range of specialized drug development services to branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug companies. We are a leading provider of early clinical development services, specializing primarily in the areas of Phase I and Phase II clinical trials and bioanalytical laboratory services. We also provide a range of complementary services to our clients, including early clinical pharmacology research, biostatistics and data management, and regulatory and drug submission as well as Phase III and Phase IV clinical trial management services in select therapeutic areas. Our clients include many of the largest branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug companies in the world. We have conducted Phase I and Phase II clinical trials for many leading drugs, including Ambien, Celebrex, Clar itin, Vioxx, Zithromax and Zoloft. Through both organic growth and acquisitions, our revenue has grown from approximately $4.3 million in 1997 to $103.9 million in 2003.


We operate five clinical trial facilities located in Miami and Ft. Myers, Florida and in Quebec City and Montreal in Canada. These facilities together account for 1,010 beds. Our 538-bed Miami facility is our largest freestanding facility and, we believe, the largest Phase I and Phase II clinical trials facility in North America. With our very recent purchase of the building comprising our Miami facility, we will expand its capacity to 160,000 square feet and cease operations at the Clinical Pharmacology of Florida, Inc. (“Clinical Pharmacology”) 15,000 square foot facility over the next year. Our Canadian facilities include approximately 282 beds and related bioanalytical and clinical laboratories. Our Canadian facilities primarily service the generic drug industry. We believe our strength in rapidly recruiting clinical trial participants and our ability to co nduct large, high quality clinical trials provide our clients with the opportunity to generate the data they require using fewer clinical trial sites. We believe this capability can help our clients to reduce their drug development lead times and makes us a desirable drug development services partner.


We have developed and currently maintain extensive databases of available individuals who have indicated an interest in participating in our future trials. Our databases enable us to contact and enroll trial participants quickly and to initiate clinical trials without having to go through a lengthy and costly advertising process to recruit participants. We further differentiate ourselves from our competitors based on our ability to recruit specialized populations for difficult-to-recruit clinical trials. We have expertise and experience in recruiting for and conducting trials involving the following special populations:


Cardiac;

Dermatologic;

Diabetic;

Geriatric;

Hepatic (liver disease);

HIV positive;

Neurologic;

Ophthalmologic;

Pediatric;

Post-menopausal;

Pulmonologic; and

Renal (kidney disease).


We believe the greatest opportunity to leverage our core Phase I and Phase II clinical trials business exists in offering our clients a range of complementary services. We believe that these added capabilities can expedite the drug development process for our clients, provide our clients with a comprehensive service offering, and provide us with significant cross-selling opportunities. Our facilities include, in addition to our clinical trials facilities, bioanalytical laboratories in Quebec City, Canada and in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, state-of-the-art clinical laboratories in Miami, Florida and in Montreal, Canada, a data management and biostatistical facility in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, and Phase II through Phase IV clinical trials management operations at several of our locations.







We are a Delaware corporation. We and our predecessor have been providing drug development services since 1984. Commencing with our first acquisition in March 2000, we have grown rapidly through strategic acquisitions of related businesses which have broadened our range of services as well as through internal growth. Our acquisitions to date have consisted of the following:


Our March 2000 acquisition of our Charlotte, North Carolina clinical trials management business, for which we paid an initial amount of approximately $600,000. We also paid $1.2 million as an earn-out payment in June 2003;

Our February 2001 acquisition of our Ft. Myers, Florida Phase I and Phase II clinical trials business, for which we paid approximately $600,000 plus the assumption of the outstanding trade liabilities of the seller;

Our August 2001 acquisition of a bioanalytical laboratory located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for which we paid approximately $2.9 million in cash and issued 178,035 shares of common stock;

Our March 2002 acquisition of Anapharm Inc., a Quebec City, Canada based provider of Phase I clinical trial and bioanalytical laboratory services primarily to generic drug companies, for which we paid approximately $26.7 million in cash and issued 167,375 shares of common stock. Additionally, key Anapharm employees received a total of 110,000 stock options exercisable at $23.97 per share;

Our September 2002 acquisition of the assets of New Drug Services, Inc. (“NDS, Inc.”), a Kennett Square, Pennsylvania provider of early clinical drug development, biostatistical, data management and consulting services to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, for which we paid approximately $8.0 million in cash and issued 234,060 shares of common stock. Additionally, NDS, Inc. was entitled to receive up to $7,325,000 in earn-out payments contingent on agreed annual pre-tax income targets over the three 12 month periods beginning on October 1, 2002. We also agreed to make payments of $225,000 per year for three years to certain shareholders of NDS, Inc., of which $225,000 was paid in September 2003. We recently agreed to pay NDS, Inc. $400,000 in exchange for reducing the contingent earn-out by $892,734 from the prior sum of $7,325,000. The new maximum contingent earn-out is $6,432,266. In addition, we agreed to prepay $150,000 to a shareholder of NDS, Inc., which represents an advance of the final two guaranteed payments of $75,000 each due to him. This reduced the two remaining annual guaranteed installments to $150,000 each. We did not achieve the stipulated earnings targets that would have required us to pay NDS, Inc. the balance of the potential earn-out for the first 12-month period ended September 30, 2003. NDS, Inc. may still earn the full approximately $6.4 million during the remaining two years of the earn-out. Any earn-out payments due are payable to NDS, Inc. no later than November 30 in each of 2004 and 2005;

Our March 2003 acquisition of Synfine Research Inc., a provider of chemical synthesis products used by bioanalytical laboratories, for which we paid approximately $1.6 million in cash;

Our July 2003 acquisition of the remaining 51% of Danapharm Clinical Research, which our Canadian operations did not own, for which we paid approximately $1.6 million comprised of (i) U.S. $336,000 in cash, (ii) our issuance of 8,142 shares of common stock delivered to the sellers, (iii) Canadian $1,057,000 in notes payable and (iv) our issuance of 19,004 shares of common stock (currently held in escrow). We will pay the notes and deliver the common stock held in escrow in four annual installments beginning in July 2004. Danapharm is a London, Ontario-based Phase III clinical trials management company;

Our August 2003 acquisition of Clinical Pharmacology, a Miami, Florida company specializing in Phase I clinical trials, for which we paid approximately $7.5 million in cash and issued 443,072 shares of common stock. Of such amounts, we have deposited approximately $1.0 million in cash and 54,000 shares of common stock in escrow for subsequent delivery ratably in six month increments to the sellers over the next three years. On February 1, 2004, approximately $166,667 in cash and 9,000 shares were released from escrow to the sellers. In addition, the shareholders of Clinical Pharmacology will have an opportunity during the three 12-month periods ending June 30, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, to earn up to an aggregate of $9.0 million in additional consideration, one-half payable in cash and one-half in common stock, based upon attaining agreed reven ue milestones; and

In October 2003, we entered into an agreement to establish a Spanish company (“SFBC Anapharm Europe”) that has opened a bioanalytical laboratory in Barcelona, Spain and has begun providing services to the European market. Through a wholly-owned Dutch subsidiary, we own 49% of SFBC Anapharm Europe and have an option to purchase an additional 2% of the entity at a future date. Our capital contribution was approximately $20,000, and we have loaned the Spanish company approximately $450,000.



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Amounts paid as listed above do not include transaction costs, such as investment banking, legal and accounting fees, substantially all of which were capitalized.


The following chart summarizes our growth through acquisitions:



Date of Transaction



Nature of Current Business

 


Location


Number

Of Beds

 

On Site

Central

Clinical

Laboratory

 

     

                                            

     

 

     

 

     

 

1984 (formation)

 

Clinical Trials — Phase I – II

and executive offices

 

 

Miami,

Florida

 

538

 

Yes

March 2000

 

Phase II – IV Clinical Trials

Management

 

 

Charlotte,

North Carolina

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

 

Sales office

 

Lake Wylie,

South Carolina

 

 

N/A

 

N/A

February 2001

 

Clinical Trials — Phase I – IV

 

Ft. Myers,

Florida

 

 

120

 

N/A

 

 

Administrative office

 

Tampa,

Florida

 

 

N/A

 

N/A

August 2001

 

Bioanalytical Laboratory

 

Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania

 

 

N/A

 

N/A

March 2002

 

Bioanalytical Laboratory and

Clinical Trials — Phase I

 

Quebec City,

Canada

 

 

122

 

N/A

 

 

Clinical Trials — Phase I

 

Montreal,

Canada

 

 

160

 

Yes

 

 

Recruiting office

 

Trois Rivieres,

Canada

 

 

N/A

 

N/A

September 2002

 

Data Management,

Biostatistical &Regulatory

 

Kennett Square,

Pennsylvania

 

 

N/A

 

N/A

March 2003

 

Chemical Synthesis

 

Toronto,

Canada

 

 

N/A

 

N/A

July 2003 (remaining

51% interest)

 

 

Phase III – IV Clinical

Trials Management

 

 

London, Ontario,

Canada

 

 

 

N/A

 

 

N/A

August 2003

 

Clinical Trials — Phase I

 

Miami,

Florida

 

 

70

 

N/A

October 2003

 

Bioanalytical Laboratory

(49% interest)

 

Barcelona,

Spain

 

N/A

 

N/A

         

Totals

 

 

 

14 Locations

 

1,010 Beds

 

2 Labs


Industry overview


According to Datamonitor, a provider of business information to the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries, worldwide pharmaceutical drug sales were approximately $418 billion in 2002, and Datamonitor projects that pharmaceutical drug sales will increase to approximately $599 billion in 2007. According to Kalorama Information, a market research firm, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies invested approximately $61 billion in research and development activities in 2002 and Kalorama expects this amount to grow to approximately $95 billion in 2007. The Boston Consulting Group, an international consulting firm, estimates that the average cost of developing a drug is approximately $880 million and on average takes almost 15 years.



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The drug development services industry constitutes a significant and growing portion of all pharmaceutical and biotechnology drug development activity. By outsourcing drug development activities, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug companies can focus their resources on sales and marketing, drug discovery and other areas in which they can best differentiate themselves. In 2002 approximately $11 billion, or approximately 18% of total research and development expenditures, was outsourced to the drug development services industry, according to Kalorama, and Kalorama expects this amount to grow to approximately $27 billion, or approximately 28% of the total research and development expenditures, in 2007.


The drug development process


Branded drugs


The branded drug research and development process consists of two stages: pre-clinical and clinical. The pre-clinical stage consists of screening chemical compounds to identify the most promising leads for continued drug development prior to human clinical trials. The clinical stage includes clinical trials with healthy participants, as well as those with targeted diseases, impairments or conditions. We do not perform any pre-clinical services.


Prior to commencing human clinical trials in the United States or Canada, a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company must file an Investigational New Drug, or IND, application with the FDA (in Canada, with the Therapeutic Products Directorate or TPD) which includes manufacturing data, pre-clinical data, information about any use of the drug in humans for other purposes and a detailed plan for the proposed clinical trials. The design of these trials, referred to as a study protocol, is essential to the success of the drug development effort. The study protocol must anticipate the nature of the data to be generated and results that the FDA or TPD will require before approving the drug. If the FDA or TPD, as applicable, do not comment after an IND application is filed, human clinical trials may begin within 30 days.


The human clinical trials stage is the most time-consuming and expensive part of the drug research and development process. Human trials usually start on a small scale to assess safety and then expand to larger trials to test efficacy. Trials usually are grouped into three stages known as Phase I through Phase III:


Phase I trials involve testing a drug on a limited number of participants, typically 20 to 80 persons, to determine the drug’s basic safety data, including tolerance, absorption, metabolism and excretion. During the last several years, we have conducted larger Phase I trials in the United States with up to 280 persons. In 2004, Anapharm conducted two Phase I trials with 356 and 750 persons, respectively. This phase, which lasts an average of six months to one year, is comprised of numerous clinical trials of short duration;

Phase II trials involve testing a small number of participants, typically 100 to 200 persons who qualify for inclusion in a clinical trial based upon meeting the applicable trial protocol’s criteria and having a particular condition, to determine the drug’s safety profile and effectiveness and how different doses work. This phase, which lasts an average of one to two years, is comprised of several longer duration clinical trials; and

Phase III trials involve testing large numbers of participants, typically several hundred to several thousand persons, to verify drug efficacy on a large scale, as well as long-term safety. These trials involve numerous sites and generally last up to three years.

Multiple trials generally are often conducted within each of Phase I through Phase III. After successfully completing all three clinical phases, a company submits a new drug application, or NDA, to the FDA requesting that the drug be approved for marketing. In Canada, the application is called a new drug submission, or NDS, which is filed with the TPD. The NDA/NDS is a comprehensive filing that includes, among other things, the results of all pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Phase IV clinical trials, which are conducted after drug approval, may also be required by the FDA or the TPD. These additional trials are required in order to monitor long-term risks and benefits, to study different dosage levels or to evaluate different safety and efficacy parameters.


Generic drugs


Generic drugs are the chemical and therapeutic equivalents of branded innovator drugs, and are usually marketed after patent expiration of the relevant branded drug. Regulatory approval is normally required before a generic equivalent can be marketed in the United States or Canada. Approval is sought for generic drugs through the



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submission to the FDA of an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA. In Canada, an abbreviated new drug submission, or ANDS, is filed with the TPD. An ANDA/ANDS may be submitted for a drug on the basis that it is the equivalent of a previously approved drug or, in the case of certain new dosage forms, that it is suitable for use for the indications specified.


Generic drugs must meet the same quality standards as branded drugs. However, an NDA/NDS (the form of submission required for approval of a new innovator drug), requires that complete clinical studies be conducted. An ANDA/ANDS for a generic drug, however, generally only requires the submission of data from bioequivalence studies, which compare the rate and extent of absorption and levels of concentration in the blood stream of the generic drug product with that of the previously approved innovator drug. Proving bioequivalency generally requires demonstrating that the rate and extent of absorption of the generic formulation falls within an acceptable range, typically 80%–125%, of the results achieved by the branded drug.


Bioequivalency studies are normally conducted in two stages. The first stage involves conducting pilot trials with a limited number of human subjects to justify advancing a generic formulation to more costly pivotal trials. Commonly these pilot studies are conducted simultaneously on several different formulations of the same drug, to determine the formulation most closely bioequivalent to the branded drug and most likely to achieve a successful result in pivotal studies and upon ANDA/ANDS submission. The second stage, pivotal bioequivalency trials, are studies conducted on a substantially larger group of subjects, in order to produce data that meets the degree of statistical significance anticipated to be required by the FDA or the TPD, as the case may be.


The timing of final approval of an ANDA/ANDS depends on several factors, including whether any listed patents for the innovator drug are being challenged and whether the branded drug manufacturer is entitled to any statutory exclusivity periods, during which the regulatory authorities may be prohibited from accepting applications for, or approving, generic equivalents. In certain circumstances, a regulatory exclusivity period can extend beyond the life of a patent, and thus block an ANDA/ANDS from being approved on the patent expiration date.


505(b)(2) approval


Another FDA approval route increasingly available to both generic and branded companies is a “505(b)(2) application.” That section of the Hatch-Waxman Act, known as the “paper NDA” route, permits an applicant to rely upon the FDA’s prior finding of safety and efficacy for a drug — or upon published literature establishing that drug’s safety and efficacy — but also requires that the applicant perform some clinical safety and efficacy studies. Such 505(b)(2) applications are generally utilized for significant variations of an approved drug, for new dosage forms of an approved drug, for substitution of one active ingredient in a combination drug product or other significant changes that would make the generic drug ANDA route unavailable. The FDA has expanded the scope of products subject to 505(b)(2) approval, and this may, in turn, expand the market for clinical tests such as those offered by us.


Industry trends


The drug development services industry provides product development services to the branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug industries. This industry has evolved from providing limited clinical trial services in the 1970s to a full-service industry today that provides clients with comprehensive services, including discovery, pre-clinical evaluations, study protocol design, clinical trial management, data collection, and bioanalytical and statistical analysis.


We believe the drug development services industry’s growth is being driven primarily by the following:


Emergence of new research and development technologies


Over the past 20 years, technological advances have dramatically changed the drug discovery process. The primary objective of these innovations has been to find more drug targets and to discover, at a high rate, drug compounds that are therapeutically effective against these targets. According to Adis International, a provider of drug information to the pharmaceutical industry, as of September 2003, there are more than 7,700 drug compounds in pre-clinical or clinical tests. The increased numbers of drug candidates will make it imperative that the development and regulatory processes be rapid and cost-effective. Branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug companies may also find that they do not have sufficient internal development resources or know-how



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to cope with the increased number of new drug candidates emerging, especially as they enter into the clinical trial process, as a consequence of the emergence of new technologies. We believe the dramatic increase of drug compounds in clinical development and potential resource shortages will increase demand for the services of drug development services companies.


Escalating research and development expenditures by pharmaceutical companies


Increases in global research and development expenditures by the major pharmaceutical companies have broadly tracked the increase in pharmaceutical revenues over the past 10 years. The outsourcing of clinical trials for pharmaceutical and biotechnology products is estimated by Kalorama to be growing at least as much as the rate of growth in global research and development expenditures by major pharmaceutical companies.


Growth of the biotechnology industry


The biotechnology industry and the number of drugs it produces have grown substantially over the past decade. Biotechnology companies generate significant numbers of new drug candidates that require developmental and regulatory approval. According to the Biotechnology Industry Organization, an industry trade group, 35 new biotechnology drugs and vaccines received approval in 2002 compared with three in 1992. The biotechnology industry is expected to increase its expenditures on drug development in the coming years. Biotechnology companies typically do not have the staff, operating procedures, experience or expertise in-house to conduct their own clinical trials. In addition, while biotechnology companies have historically sought to defray the cost of clinical development by licensing their products to pharmaceutical companies, they are now increasingly seeking to license out their tech nology at a later stage of clinical development.


Difficulties in recruiting trial participants are lengthening drug development times


One of the largest expenses and greatest sources of delays in developing new drugs is the process of recruiting appropriate clinical trial participants. According to CenterWatch, a publication focused on clinical trials, approximately 86% of all clinical trials are delayed by problems associated with recruiting participants and about 5% face delays of more than six months. An increase in the number of drugs being tested by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and an increase in regulatory testing requirements have exacerbated this trend. Drug development services companies that can more effectively and efficiently handle the clinical trial participant recruitment process are thus likely to be significant beneficiaries of this trend.


Importance of therapeutic experience and ability to recruit special populations


We believe that branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic companies increasingly are selecting drug development services partners based on their experience in recruiting for and conducting clinical trials within particular therapeutic areas and with special populations of trial participants. Recruiting difficulties often cause clinical trials to be conducted in multiple smaller groups of participants at multiple locations, which can lengthen development times and increase costs. We believe that specialization in a particular therapeutic area or within a special population allows a drug development services company to deliver a higher level of service in helping to develop trial protocols, in quickly recruiting participants from special populations, in conducting clinical trials and in gathering and reporting data.


Growth in the generic drug industry


PJB Publications Ltd., an independent publisher of information for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries noted in its report Lifecycle Management: Utilising drug delivery that over the next five years, more than $100 billion of branded pharmaceuticals are expected to lose patent protection, which is expected to drive demand for bioanalytical laboratory services by generic pharmaceutical companies. Bioanalytical laboratory services are necessary to determine that a generic drug is equivalent to the branded drug. We believe that drug development services companies that are selected to provide bioanalytical laboratory services relating to a generic drug are usually also selected to handle the Phase I clinical trials work, if any, related to the generic drug approval process. Furthermore, an increasingly beneficial regulatory environment pertaining to generic dru g development and marketing has resulted in dramatic growth in the generic drug industry, and more government and private organizations are requiring generic drug use. Most recently in the United States, the FDA increased its funding for generic drug programs in fiscal year 2004 in order to increase staff and reduce the time required to process generic



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drug applications. This potential increased capacity for processing generic drug applications may lead to an increase in demand for the services of clinical research organizations that can conduct bioequivalence studies.


Evolution of the regulatory environment


We believe that the FDA is becoming more demanding with regard to the data required to support new drug approvals and are seeking more evidence that new drugs are safer and more effective than existing products. The changing population demographics associated with a larger aging group is further exaggerating this trend due to safety concerns regarding the interaction of multiple medications. As a result, the complexity of clinical trials and the number of participants required for clinical trials are increasing. We believe that these factors are increasing the demand for the services provided by drug development services companies, with a particular increase in Phase I and Phase II safety trials.


In addition, historically there has been a regulatory disparity between certain European countries, particularly the United Kingdom and Germany, and North American countries. This disparity has driven significant Phase I clinical trials business to Europe, that would likely otherwise have been conducted in the United States or Canada. Phase I human testing in these European countries may typically commence immediately after initial regulatory submission, whereas in the US and Canada a 30-day waiting period is required after submission of an IND to allow for regulatory review and comment. However, the Canadian regulatory authority recently announced an initiative to target a seven-day review period for all bioequivalency trials and Phase I trials on healthy participants before allowing the commencement of Phase I testing. Since starting this initiative, we believe th e average review time in Canada has been reduced to approximately six days. This reduction in the disparity between Phase I lead times in Canada as compared with key European countries is expected to increase the proportion of Phase I trials conducted in Canada. In addition, harmonization efforts between the United States and the European Union have increased and are intended to lead to more uniform procedures.


Our competitive strengths


We believe that we offer clients the following valuable strengths that help us capitalize on the trends affecting the drug development services industry and its clients:


Our ability to recruit


We have the ability to recruit clinical trial participants from special populations and to conduct large clinical trials, which we believe creates value for our clients by saving time and costs and by more quickly generating data for the drug approval process. Our largest individual clinical trials facility is located in Miami, Florida, at the center of an area with a diverse population of more than five million residents, which we believe facilitates our recruiting efforts.


Since 1996, we have implemented and grown a proprietary database of potential clinical trial participants who have expressed a desire to participate in our trials. A majority of our clinical trial participants for our primary Miami site are recruited from our database. We believe that our database gives us an advantage over our competitors in that it enables us to reduce the costs and delays associated with advertising and other recruitment methods typically used in our industry. Clinical Pharmacology’s database contains both additional people and additional special populations and we believe that the addition of this database has further increased this potential advantage over our competitors.


In Canada, the corridor linking Quebec City-Trois Rivieres-Montreal has close to five million inhabitants and we believe also represents an excellent source of subjects for studies. In its nine years of operation, Anapharm, our largest Canadian subsidiary, has developed a proprietary database of potential subjects similar to that of our Miami operation, including young male and female volunteers, post-menopausal women, elderly subjects, and special populations.


We strive to provide a positive experience for our clinical trial participants. We believe that our reputation in the local communities where we operate is critical to the continued successful recruitment of clinical trial participants. Our business philosophy is to treat our clinical trial participants like our clients. In keeping with this belief, we have designed each of our Miami, Ft. Myers, Montreal and Quebec City facilities with numerous amenities for our clinical trial participants, who usually spend several days or weeks with us in the course of a clinical trial.



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The scope of our clinical trials facilities


We believe our principal Miami, Florida Phase I and Phase II facility, which has 538 beds, is the largest clinical trials site in the United States. Our very recent purchase of the entire 160,000 square foot building will permit us to cease operations at Clinical Pharmacology’s 15,000 square foot facility as described below. We have already taken possession of part of the building we did not occupy. After the seller of the Miami property vacates the space it occupies in the Spring, we intend to renovate the property. Following completion of the renovations, we expect to offer dedicated clinical trial space for individual clients. Clinical Pharmacology, which currently has 70 beds and was facing substantial capacity constraints, offers opportunities for us to increase our utilization as we move its operations to our primary Miami facility.


Our principal Miami facility presently contains four clinical units, which we can segment further in order to facilitate conducting several smaller trials. We have designed our facility to enable us to conduct a number of clinical trials efficiently at the same time while maintaining appropriate controls. We believe that the size and design of our facility combined with our ability to recruit gives us an important competitive advantage in that we can attract business from clients who prefer to outsource clinical trials involving a large number of participants to a single company at one location.


We believe that the high fixed cost, low variable cost nature of the Phase I and Phase II business gives us a significant opportunity to take advantage of our principal Phase I and Phase II operation in Miami. Our principal Miami operation’s fixed costs include our facility, our dedicated staff of on-site physician investigators and clinical personnel, our administrative staff and our senior management team. As utilization of our principal Miami facility increases, we believe we can support higher volumes of business without the need to hire a considerable number of additional personnel or incur significant expenses beyond our current levels. We currently have substantial additional capacity at our principal Miami facility.


In 2003, we moved into a new 120-bed clinical trial facility at Ft. Myers, Florida. This facility, with four configurable units that can be joined or operated separately, enhances our capability to serve additional specialty sectors, such as the branded generic drug development market. We currently have substantial additional capacity at our Ft. Myers facility.


Our Quebec City location has 122 beds with four independent units and our Montreal site has four independent units totaling 160 beds. The independent units give us the flexibility to conduct different studies at the same time and enhances our capability to serve additional specialty sectors, such as the branded generic drug development market.


We also have quality assurance units, in the U.S. and Canada that operate independently to help ensure the overall quality of the work performed.


Our ability to provide a range of complementary services


In addition to our Phase I and Phase II clinical trial services, we have also developed the capability to offer our clients a comprehensive package of complementary services, which may include protocol development, bioanalytical services, clinical management services and regulatory work. We provide bioanalytical studies for major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies as well as generic drug companies. We offer our clients integrated drug development services in project design, study design, investigator recruitment, investigative site selection, qualified study participant recruitment, study monitoring, data management, auditing and quality assurance as well as regulatory and new drug submission. We provide specialized Phase II through Phase IV clinical management services focused on ophthalmology, dermatology, cardiovascular, women’s health, medical devic e, infectious disease and central nervous system clinical trials through these specialized services.


Our experience


We have been providing branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug companies with specialized drug development services for 20 years. Our seven executive officers have over 100 years of collective experience in the clinical trials industry. We have significant experience in providing drug development services in specialized therapeutic areas, such as cardiology including OTc interval trials, infectious diseases, central nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and dermatology.




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Our strategy


We believe that increasing demand for outsourced drug development services will provide us with opportunities to continue to grow our business. Our strategy is to build upon our clinical development expertise and to further our reputation as a provider of a broad range of high-quality drug development services to our clients in the branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug industries. We intend to capitalize on the opportunities in our industry and achieve our strategy primarily by:


Leveraging existing relationships to increase client penetration with existing clients


Our clients are branded pharmaceutical, biotechnology and generic drug companies that outsource a portion of their drug development activities in order to focus their efforts on drug discovery. We often generate business from multiple, and often independent, groups within our client companies. In addition to pursuing new customer relationships, our sales and marketing team focuses on gaining new business and developing new relationships with new groups at existing clients.


Expanding our bioanalytical laboratory business


To leverage the market opportunity for bioanalytical laboratory services, we have made two bioanalytical laboratory acquisitions since August 2001, and established a bioanalytical laboratory in Barcelona, Spain which have allowed us to generate additional revenue and profits, by cross-selling these services to our clients.


Our bioanalytical laboratory business serves a broad spectrum of our clients’ needs. We provide bioanalytical studies for major pharmaceutical companies as well as generic drug companies. We believe that by providing bioanalytical laboratory services, we can help our clients reduce administrative costs, coordination efforts, and clinical trial completion times and also improve the level of control that our clients can exercise over the entire clinical trials process.


We believe that our ability to provide bioanalytical laboratory services, in addition to our other services, enables us to compete more successfully for new business. We intend to devote more sales and marketing resources to encourage existing clients to use our bioanalytical laboratory services and to attract new business from companies that prefer to award all of their drug development service needs to one company.


Continuing to enhance our services to generic manufacturers


We believe we are a leader in the generic drug development services industry through our facilities in Quebec City and Montreal, Canada and Ft. Myers, Florida. We service a customer base which represents over 100 generic drug companies. We currently generate approximately 43% of our revenue from generic manufacturers. We believe that our ability to offer a comprehensive package, which includes regulatory work, protocol development, clinical trial and bioanalytical services and integrated regulatory submission, will enable us to exploit the expected generic drug market opportunity.


Expanding into new areas of therapeutic expertise


We believe that we are better able to serve our clients’ needs by offering therapeutic expertise in addition to our core offering of drug development services. We have experience in a number of therapeutic areas which we believe enables us to grow our revenue from existing clients and generate new business in these areas. We plan to continue to add expertise in our existing therapeutic areas and to develop new areas of expertise by hiring experienced personnel, training our existing staff in new areas, and selectively making strategic acquisitions.


Augmenting our current range of specialized services through strategic acquisitions


We have grown significantly by acquiring related businesses over the last four years. We believe our eight acquisitions over this period have broadened our range of services, strengthened our management team and expanded our client base. Our industry is highly fragmented and includes a large number of small competitors that have expertise in different business areas. As part of our growth strategy, we monitor acquisition opportunities and intend to make acquisitions, which enhance our array of services or otherwise strengthen our ability to provide exceptional services to our clients. We try to target businesses that, in addition to fitting well with our current business, would be accretive to our earnings and that have experienced management willing to stay with



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the business after the acquisition. We also generally seek to negotiate acquisition consideration structures that will help us to retain and motivate an acquired business’ existing management. We believe we have the ability to consummate larger acquisitions with the cash from our November 2003 public offering, our existing cash and our line of credit.


Expanding our international presence


We currently provide our services in the United States, Canada and Spain to multinational clients as well as clients based in North America, Europe and Asia. Currently, we derive the substantial majority of our revenue from North American clients, which we believe highlights the availability to us of additional growth opportunities internationally. We intend to expand our business internationally by opening or acquiring drug development services businesses and pursuing marketing efforts in Europe and other overseas markets.


Our services


We believe our specialized drug development services assist our clients in managing their research and development programs efficiently and cost effectively through the drug development process. We offer our clients a broad range of drug development services, including the following:


Phase I and Phase II clinical trials services


We provide specialized drug development services for studies ranging from short-term Phase I trials to longer-term Phase II trials. Our services include developing study design, recruiting and screening study participants, conducting Phase I and Phase II clinical trials, and collecting and reporting to our clients the clinical data collected during the course of our clinical trials. We conduct Phase I and Phase II clinical trials at our Miami and Ft. Myers, Florida and Quebec City and Montreal, Canada facilities.


We may assist our clients in preparing the study protocol, designing case report forms and conducting any necessary clinical trial audit functions. Additionally, we collect data throughout a clinical trial and enter it onto case report forms according to good clinical practice guidelines, in order to meet our clients’ needs and the FDA or other regulatory requirements identified in the study protocol. Our data management services also provide our clients with statistical analysis, medical report writing and assistance with regulatory submissions.


Bioanalytical laboratory services


We provide bioanalytical laboratory services through facilities located in Quebec City, Canada, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Barcelona, Spain. Our bioanalytical laboratories have or develop the scientific methods, or assays, necessary to analyze clinical trial samples. Our bioanalytical laboratories provide bioanalytical support for preclinical studies, bioavailability and drug metabolism studies, processing clinical study samples and drug interaction studies. During the clinical trial process, we conduct laboratory analysis on various biological specimens, including blood, to determine the quantity of a drug present in each specimen. We format and present the data resulting from this process to our clients for their use and interpretation.


Clinical trials management services


We offer our clients the following integrated services


project design;

study design;

investigator recruitment;

investigative site selection;

qualified study participant recruitment;

study monitoring;

data management;

biostatistics;

medical writing;

auditing and quality assurance; and

FDA regulatory and new drug submission.




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