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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q



x    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2002

OR

¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

COMMISSION FILE NO. 000-31519


CURON MEDICAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware   77-0470324
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
735 Palomar Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
 
(408) 733-9910
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

        As of November 8, 2002, 19,993,384 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock were outstanding.


CURON MEDICAL, INC.

INDEX

   

Page

PART I.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 
 

Item 1.

Financial Statements (unaudited)

 
    Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001

3

 
   

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2002 and 2001

4

 
   

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2002 and 2001

5

 
   

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6

 
 

Item 2.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

9

 
 

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risk

23

 
 

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

23

 

PART II.

OTHER INFORMATION

 
 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

23

 
 

Item 2.

Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

24

 
 

Item 5.

Other Information

24

 
 

Item 6.

Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

24

 

SIGNATURES

25

 

CERTIFICATIONS

26

2

PART I    FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.  Financial Statements

CURON MEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

Assets September 30, 2002
  December 31, 2001
 

Current assets:

    Cash and cash equivalents

$ 8,445   $ 7,509  

    Marketable securities

  16,285     27,619  

    Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $40 and $20,
       respectively

  622     666  

    Inventories, net

  1,403     1,410  

    Related party notes receivable

  19     144  

    Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  1,091     883  
 
 
 

    Total current assets

  27,865     38,231  

Long term investments

  2,069     3,048  

Related party notes receivable

  - --     354  

Property and equipment, net

  917     1,216  

Intangible assets, net of amortization of $903 and $770, respectively

  - --     133  

Other assets

  92     91  
 
 
 

    Total assets

$ 30,943   $ 43,073  
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
 
 

Current liabilities:

     Accounts payable

$ 641   $ 449  

     Accrued liabilities

  944     1,077  

     Notes payable

  85     207  
 
 
 

     Total current liabilities

  1,670     1,733  

     Other liabilities

  56     52  
 
 
 

     Total liabilities

  1,726     1,785  
 
 
 

Contingencies (Note 4)

 

Stockholders' equity:

     Common stock

  20     19  

     Additional paid-in capital

  90,069     90,368  

     Deferred stock compensation

  (288 )   (956 )

     Accumulated deficit

  (60,503 )   (48,291 )

     Treasury stock

  (117 )   - --  

     Accumulated other comprehensive income

  36     148  
 
 
 

     Total stockholders' equity

  29,217     41,288  
 
 
 

     Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$ 30,943   $ 43,073  
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

3

CURON MEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

  For the Three Months Ended
  For the Nine Months Ended
 
  September 30, 2002
  September 30, 2001
  September 30, 2002
  September 30, 2001
 
Revenues $ 746   $ 826   $ 2,562   $ 2,612  
Cost of goods sold   1,141     1,282     3,359     3,764  
 
 
 
 
 
Gross loss   (395 )   (456 )   (797 )   (1,152 )
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
    Research and development   630     653     2,261     1,977  
    Clinical and regulatory   395     411     1,046     1,365  
    Sales and marketing   1,701     1,717     5,561     5,178  
    General and administrative   1,197     1,086     3,196     3,339  
 
 
 
 
 
    Total operating expenses   3,923     3,867     12,064     11,859  
 
 
 
 
 
Operating loss   (4,318 )   (4,323 )   (12,861 )   (13,011 )
 
Interest income, net   166     511     649     1,896  
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss $ (4,152 ) $ (3,812 ) $ (12,212 ) $ (11,115 )
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (0.21 ) $ (0.20 ) $ (0.62 ) $ (0.59 )
 
 
 
 
 
Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted   19,774     19,210     19,564     18,995  
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

4

CURON MEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

  For the Nine Months Ended
  September 30,
2002

  September 30,
2001

 
Cash Flows From Operating Activities              
Net loss $ (12,212 )   $ (11,115 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
    Depreciation and amortization   534       565  
    Forgiveness of related party notes receivable   419       - --  
    Amortization of acquired technology   133       338  
    Amortization of stock-based compensation   194       1,072  
    Accretion of discount on securities, net   (103 )     (478 )
    Loss on disposal of fixed assets   24       15  
Changes in assets and liabilities:
       Accounts receivable, net   44       (391 )
       Inventories, net   7       (631 )
       Prepaid expenses and other current assets   (236 )     318  
       Accounts payable   192       (36 )
       Accrued liabilities   (133 )     (141 )
       Other long-term assets and liabilities   3       15  
 
 
 
    Net cash used in operating activities   (11,134 )     (10,469 )
 
 
 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchase of property and equipment   (259 )     (510 )
Purchase of marketable securities   (18,125 )     (33,001 )
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities   30,429       40,197  
 
 
 
    Net cash provided by investing activities   12,045       6,686  
 
 
 
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Principal payments on notes payable   (262 )     - --  
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable   140       - --  
Proceeds from related party notes receivable   143       250  
Payments on related party notes receivable   (55 )     (371 )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs   176       251  
Purchase of treasury stock   (117 )     - --  
 
 
 
    Net cash provided by financing activities   25       130  
 
 
 
    Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents   936       (3,653 )
    Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period   7,509       16,759  
 
 
 
    Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 8,445   $   13,106  
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

5

CURON MEDICAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

September 30, 2002

NOTE 1.   The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company

      Curon Medical, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in the State of Delaware on May 1, 1997. The Company develops, manufactures and markets proprietary products for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

         The Company has sustained operating losses and negative cash flows from operations and expects such losses to continue in the foreseeable future. The Company intends to finance its operations primarily through its cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, future financing and future revenues, however, there can be no assurance that such efforts will succeed or that sufficient funds will be made available.

Basis of Presentation

         The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts in order to conform to current year presentation.

         The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (all of which are normal and recurring in nature) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods indicated. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other interim periods.

         These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, as filed with the SEC.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated as follows:
  Three Months Ended
September 30,

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 
Numerator: 2002
  2001
  2002
  2001
 
   Net loss $ (4,152 ) $ (3,812 ) $ (12,212 ) $ (11,115 )
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
   Weighted average shares outstanding   19,816,000     19,535,000     19,728,000     19,414,000  
   Weighted average unvested common shares subject to
    repurchase
  (42,000 )   (325,000 )   (164,000 )   (419,000 )
 
 
 
 
 
   Weighted average shares used in basic and diluted net loss
    per share
  19,774,000     19,210,000     19,564,000     18,995,000  
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per share $ (0.21 ) $ (0.20 ) $ (0.62 ) $ (0.59 )
 
 
 
 
 

6

         During 1999, the Company granted to certain employees and non-employees, options which were immediately exercisable into common stock, subject to repurchase by the Company based on the same remaining vesting schedule as the related option. Shares are subject to repurchase at the original option exercise price.

         During the quarter ended September 30, 2002, 124,000 shares of restricted stock were vested under the terms of the severance agreement with John Morgan, the former President and CEO of the Company.

         Equity instruments that could dilute basic earnings per share in the future, that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect is antidilutive, are as follows:

  September 30, 2002
  September 30, 2001
Unvested common shares (shares subject to repurchase) 40,000   317,000
Shares issuable upon exercise of stock options 2,617,000   1,899,000
Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants 569,000   569,000
 
 
Total 3,226,000   2,785,000
 
 

Revenue Recognition

         Revenue from product sales is recognized on product shipment against a signed purchase order or sales quote provided no significant obligations remain and collection of the receivables is deemed probable for both sales of control modules and catheters. Revenues for extended warranty contracts are recognized over the extended warranty period. To date, post-sale customer support and training have not been significant.

         The Company may sell products under a purchase commitment, with delivery of the control module at inception of the contract and catheters generally delivered over a period of six months. Revenue for the control module is deferred and recognized ratably over shipment of catheters under contract. Revenue on the catheters is recognized upon shipment at an amount representing their fair value based on verifiable objective evidence of such.

      Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are recognized as revenue and the associated costs incurred by the Company are expensed under cost of goods sold.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

         In July 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146 (SFAS 146), “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities”. This Statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and nullifies Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, (Issue 94-3) “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring).” This Statement requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. Under Issue 94-3, a liability for an exit cost as defined in Issue 94-3 was recognized at the date of an entity’s commitment to an exit plan. This Statement also establishes that fair value is the objective for initial measurement of the liability. SFAS 146 is effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

7

NOTE 2.   Inventories

Inventories: September 30, 2002
  December 31, 2001
Raw materials $ 1,146     $ 1,093  
Work-in-process   27       7  
Finished goods   325       370  
 
 
Total gross inventories   1,498       1,470  
 
 
Less reserves   (95 )     (60 )
 
 
Total inventories, net $ 1,403     $ 1,410  
 
 

NOTE 3.   Deferred Stock Compensation

      Stock-based compensation included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows:

  Three Months Ended
September 30,

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 
  2002
  2001
  2002
  2001
 
Cost of goods sold $ 9   $ 10   $ (3 ) $ 66  
Research and development   3     70     49     129  
Clinical and regulatory   13     27     45     91  
Sales and marketing   21     66     26     239  
General and administrative   (109 )   193     77     547  
 
 
 
 
 
  $ (63 ) $ 366   $ 194   $ 1,072  
 
 
 
 
 

NOTE 4.   Contingencies

         In June 2001, a civil action was filed against the Company in the United States District Court, Western District of Kentucky, Louisville Division, alleging that the Plaintiff sustained a nerve injury and damage to his gastrointestinal tract during a Stretta procedure caused by the defective design and manufacture of the Company’s product. Plaintiff’s allegations against the Company include strict liability for a product that was in a defective and unreasonably dangerous condition, negligence in the design and manufacturing of the product, breach of implied warranty of merchantability, and loss of consortium. Plaintiff was a subject in a randomized clinical trial and had been provided with an approved Informed Consent form and counselling by the physician. Prior to treatment, the subject provided consent to proceed. Plaintiff is seeking a trial by jury and unspecified damages. Trial date is currently set in September 2003. The Company believes Plaintiff’s claim is without merit.

         In September 2001, a civil action was filed against a number of defendants, including the Company, in the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the City and County of Santa Clara, alleging that the Plaintiff sustained injury when undergoing a procedure utilizing the Stretta System, caused by defects in design and manufacture. Plaintiff also alleges negligence in the design, manufacture, advertising and sale of the Stretta System and that its warnings, instructions and directions for use were inadequate. Additional defendants include the treating physicians and the associated medical institutions, which it is alleged, were medically negligent in treatment of Plaintiff. Plaintiff is seeking unspecified damages. Defendants are currently being deposed; no trial date has been set. The Company believes Plaintiff’s claim is without merit.

8

         In June 2002, a civil action was filed against a number of defendants, including the Company, in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, in the State of Pennsylvania, alleging that the Plaintiff sustained injury during a Secca procedure caused by the device being defective and/or in an unreasonably dangerous condition. Plaintiff was a subject in a clinical trial and had been provided with an approved Informed Consent form and counselling by the physician. Prior to treatment, the subject provided consent to proceed. Additional defendants include the treating physician, the associated medical institution who, it is alleged, were medically negligent in treatment of Plaintiff, and the members of the Institutional Review Board who approved the protocol for the clinical trial. Plaintiff has demanded a trial by jury and unspecified damages. The case has since been moved to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The Company believes Plaintiff’s claim against the Company is without merit.

         These matters are in their early stages and the Company believes that the resolution of any of these matters will not have a material effect, if any, on its business, financial position, and results of operations and cash flows.

NOTE 5.   Notes Payable

         The Company has a short-term note payable in the amount of $85,000 at September 30, 2002. This relates to a note financing the 2002 renewal of corporate insurance policies in the amount of $140,000 in June 2002. The remaining balance on the previous insurance note payable was paid in full in June 2002.

Item 2.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

         The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the attached financial statements and notes thereto, and with our audited financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001.

         This quarterly report, including the following sections, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include statements relating to our expectations as to the timing and success of our clinical trials and regulatory submissions, the mix of our sales and revenues derived from generators and disposable devices, the rate of growth and success of our international sales and marketing efforts, our expectations regarding increased operating expenses and net losses as our business expands, the timing of new product introductions, and our ability to maintain current and planned operations through at least the next twelve months without raising additional funds. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. The cautionary statements set forth below and those contained in “Factors That May Affect Future Results,” commencing on page 14, identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted in any such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, failure to obtain regulatory approvals as anticipated, a slower rate of market acceptance of our products than expected, increased competition, continued adverse changes in general economic conditions in the United States and internationally, including adverse changes in the specific markets for our products, adverse changes in customer order patterns, pricing pressures, risks associated with foreign operations, failure to reduce costs or improve operating efficiencies, and our ability to attract, hire and retain key and qualified employees.

Overview

         We were incorporated in May 1997. Business activities before January 1998 were negligible. In 1998, our primary activity was developing the Curon Control Module and Stretta Catheter for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (“GERD”). Prior to December 31, 2000 we were in the development stage and until that time, we had devoted substantially all of our efforts to raising capital and developing, marketing and selling our products.

         In early 1999, we began a multi-center clinical trial of the Stretta® System in the United States. We also developed our manufacturing capability to support the production of Stretta Catheters and Curon Control Modules for the clinical trial. Based on the data acquired in the trial, we submitted a 510(k) notification to the FDA in January 2000 for clearance to market the Stretta System for treatment of GERD. We received 510(k) clearance in April 2000. In October 1999, we received CE Mark approval of the Stretta System, indicating that the Stretta System meets European medical device standards allowing us to market it within the European Union. In May 2000, we launched the Stretta System commercially at Digestive Disease Week, a large professional gastroenterology conference. Also, in May 2000, we initiated a randomized controlled trial of the Stretta System in the United States. In this trial, patients received either the Stretta procedure or a placebo procedure, and results were compared. The data generated is being used to influence physician adoption rates, facilitate reimbursement approvals and enhance marketing activity. The active clinical portion of this trial was completed in the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The abstracted data was presented in a plenary session at the Digestive Disease Week Conference in May 2002.

9

         In April 1999, we began developing the Secca® System for the treatment of fecal incontinence. In November 1999, we conducted a 10-patient human clinical pilot study outside the United States and, in July 2000, we began a U.S. multi-center clinical trial of the Secca System under an Investigational Device Exemption. In September 2001, we received CE Mark approval of the Secca System, indicating that the Secca System meets European medical device standards, allowing us to market it within the European Union. Our multi-center clinical trial was completed, and the results were used to support a 510(k) submission to the FDA in December 2001. We received 510(k) clearance from the FDA in March 2002 to market the system for the treatment of fecal incontinence in patients who have failed more conservative therapies such as diet modification and biofeedback. In May 2002, we initiated a randomized controlled trial in the U.S. for the Secca System. In this trial, patients will receive either the Secca procedure or a placebo procedure, and results will be compared. The data generated will be used to influence physician adoption rates, facilitate reimbursement approvals and enhance marketing activity. We made our first sales of the Secca System in June 2002.

         To date, we have generated limited revenues. Our revenues are, and will be, derived from the sale of radiofrequency generators and our disposable devices, such as the Stretta Catheter and Secca Handpiece. We expect that disposable sales will form the basis of a recurring revenue stream. However, domestic disposable sales continue to grow more slowly than expected primarily due to difficulties encountered by our physician customers in easily obtaining reimbursement for the Stretta procedure on a case-by-case basis. Some of our customers also find the 45 minutes necessary to perform a Stretta procedure to be a limiting issue, as their endoscopy unit schedule is typically dominated by short diagnostic procedures. Although disposable sales from outside the United States are increasing, they are not yet sufficient to offset the current domestic situation. Our strategies of pursuing national reimbursement coverage, focusing on entrenching the therapy to promote repeat catheter sales and incorporating technical improvements to our systems to reduce treatment times are designed to address these issues and we expect that our revenue from disposables will increase on implementation.

         Initially, we are focusing our sales efforts in the United States through a direct sales force. In international markets, we rely primarily on third-party distributors. In November 2000, we incorporated a subsidiary company in Belgium and hired a European manager to support European distributors’ sales, marketing and clinical efforts. At September 30, 2002, this subsidiary had three employees. In the quarter ended September 30, 2002, we entered into distribution agreements in Spain and France, giving us a total of 15 international distributors, who have all received shipments of product. Our gross margins on sales through international third-party distributors will be lower than our gross margins on U.S. sales as a result of distributor discounts.

         Our costs of revenues represent the cost of producing generators and disposable devices. We also license a technology used in the generators that we sell. In addition to the up-front payment to license the technology, we are required to pay licensing fees based on the sales price of the units. We believe that there are alternative technologies that could be utilized should we choose to do so. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, professional services, patent application and maintenance costs, materials, supplies and equipment. Clinical and regulatory expenses consist primarily of expenses associated with the costs of clinical trials, clinical support personnel, the collection and analysis of the results of these trials, and the costs of submission of the results to the FDA. Sales and marketing expenses consist of personnel related costs, advertising, public relations and attendance at selected medical conferences. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the cost of corporate operations and personnel, legal, accounting and other general operating expenses of our company. Through September 30, 2002, we recorded limited product sales while incurring cumulative net losses of $60.5 million. In addition to increasing expenditures related to continuing selling activities of the Stretta System, we anticipate that our expenses will increase as we continue to develop new products, conduct clinical trials, commercialize our products and acquire additional technologies as opportunities arise. As a result, we expect our operating expenses and cumulative net losses to increase.

10

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Periods of three and nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001.

Revenues

         Revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2002, were $746,000 compared to $826,000 for the same quarter in 2001. The decrease in sales was primarily due to the sales and marketing efforts involved in repositioning the Stretta product as an alternative to anti-reflux surgery and therefore targeting primarily surgeons as opposed to gastroenterologists by refocusing the domestic sales force. Stretta System products accounted for 93% and Secca System products 7% of the quarter’s revenues. In the same quarter of 2001, all sales were of Stretta products. The Stretta Control Module and Catheter accounted for 44% and 51%, respectively, of the Stretta product line sales for the quarter ended September 30, 2002, compared to 50% and 45%, respectively, for the same period in 2001. International sales accounted for $88,000 in the third quarter of 2002, compared to $13,000 in the same quarter of 2001.

         For the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, revenues were $2.6 million. Stretta System products accounted for 96% and Secca System products for 4% of the nine month’s revenue in 2002. In the same period in 2001, all sales were of Stretta products. The Stretta Control Module and Catheter accounted for 51% and 44%, respectively, of the Stretta product line sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, compared to 50% and 45%, respectively, for the same period in 2001. International sales accounted for $319,000 in the first nine months of 2002 compared to $105,000 for the same period in 2001.

         Reimbursement remains an issue for many of our domestic customers and we continue to pursue national coverage by obtaining state-by-state coverage decisions. Sales of catheters to existing domestic customers in the third quarter of 2002, however, increased 50% and 77% over similar sales in the second and first quarters of 2002, respectively. 

Cost of goods sold

         In the quarter ended September 30, 2002, cost of goods sold was $1.1 million, compared to $1.3 million for the same quarter in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, cost of goods sold was $3.4 million, and $3.8 million for the same period in 2001. As sales volume increases, we expect gross profit to become positive and increase accordingly. Our sales have not yet reached a level which absorbs our manufacturing capacity to the extent that we would experience positive gross profit.

Research and development expenses

        Research and development expenses were $630,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2002, and $653,000 for the same period in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, research and development expenses were $2.3 million, and $2.0 million for the same period in 2001. Expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 increased primarily due to increases in patent and trademark legal expense of $303,000 as compared to the same period in 2001. In addition, pilot manufacturing expenses related to the Secca System were $235,000 for the nine months ended September 30,2002. There was no pilot manufacturing of new products in 2001. The Secca System was commercialized in June of 2002, with the first sales being made in that month. Increases in research and development expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2002 were offset by decreases of $190,000 in Secca development costs as compared to the same period in 2001. Amortization of stock-based compensation accounted for $3,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2002, and $70,000 for the same period in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, amortization of stock-based compensation was $49,000 and $129,000, respectively. During the quarter ended September 30, 2002, research and development personnel were reduced from ten to seven. Termination costs paid in the quarter were $83,000.

11

Clinical and regulatory expenses

        Clinical and regulatory expenses were $395,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2002, and $411,000 for the same period in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, clinical and regulatory expenses were $1.0 million, and $1.4 million for the same period in 2001. The decrease in spending in 2002 over 2001 was due to costs involved in the U.S. Secca trial and the Stretta randomized control trial, which were bo