UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2002
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| Delaware | 77-0470324 | |
|
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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| 735 Palomar Avenue | ||
| Sunnyvale, CA 94085 | ||
| (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) | ||
| (408) 733-9910 | ||
| (Registrants telephone number, including area code) | ||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
As of November 8, 2002, 19,993,384 shares of the Registrants Common Stock were outstanding.
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| PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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Item 1. |
Financial Statements (unaudited) |
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| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001 | 3 |
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4 |
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5 |
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6 |
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Item 2. |
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
9 |
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Item 3. |
23 |
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Item 4. |
23 |
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| PART II. |
OTHER INFORMATION |
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Item 1. |
23 |
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Item 2. |
24 |
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Item 5. |
24 |
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Item 6. |
24 |
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| SIGNATURES |
25 |
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| CERTIFICATIONS |
26 |
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2
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
| Assets |
September 30, 2002
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December 31, 2001
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 8,445 | $ | 7,509 | ||
Marketable securities |
16,285 | 27,619 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $40 and $20, |
622 | 666 | ||||
Inventories, net |
1,403 | 1,410 | ||||
Related party notes receivable |
19 | 144 | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
1,091 | 883 | ||||
Total current assets |
27,865 | 38,231 | ||||
Long term investments |
2,069 | 3,048 | ||||
Related party notes receivable |
- -- | 354 | ||||
Property and equipment, net |
917 | 1,216 | ||||
Intangible assets, net of amortization of $903 and $770, respectively |
- -- | 133 | ||||
Other assets |
92 | 91 | ||||
Total assets |
$ | 30,943 | $ | 43,073 | ||
| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||
Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
$ | 641 | $ | 449 | ||
Accrued liabilities |
944 | 1,077 | ||||
Notes payable |
85 | 207 | ||||
Total current liabilities |
1,670 | 1,733 | ||||
Other liabilities |
56 | 52 | ||||
Total liabilities |
1,726 | 1,785 | ||||
Contingencies (Note 4) |
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Stockholders' equity: |
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Common stock |
20 | 19 | ||||
Additional paid-in capital |
90,069 | 90,368 | ||||
Deferred stock compensation |
(288 | ) | (956 | ) | ||
Accumulated deficit |
(60,503 | ) | (48,291 | ) | ||
Treasury stock |
(117 | ) | - -- | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
36 | 148 | ||||
Total stockholders' equity |
29,217 | 41,288 | ||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |
$ | 30,943 | $ | 43,073 | ||
| See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements | ||||||
3
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For the Three Months Ended
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For the Nine Months Ended
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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September 30, 2002
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September 30, 2001
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September 30, 2002
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September 30, 2001
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| Revenues | $ | 746 | $ | 826 | $ | 2,562 | $ | 2,612 | ||||
| Cost of goods sold | 1,141 | 1,282 | 3,359 | 3,764 | ||||||||
| Gross loss | (395 | ) | (456 | ) | (797 | ) | (1,152 | ) | ||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | 630 | 653 | 2,261 | 1,977 | ||||||||
| Clinical and regulatory | 395 | 411 | 1,046 | 1,365 | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 1,701 | 1,717 | 5,561 | 5,178 | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 1,197 | 1,086 | 3,196 | 3,339 | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 3,923 | 3,867 | 12,064 | 11,859 | ||||||||
| Operating loss | (4,318 | ) | (4,323 | ) | (12,861 | ) | (13,011 | ) | ||||
| Interest income, net | 166 | 511 | 649 | 1,896 | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (4,152 | ) | $ | (3,812 | ) | $ | (12,212 | ) | $ | (11,115 | ) |
| Net loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | (0.62 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) |
| Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted | 19,774 | 19,210 | 19,564 | 18,995 | ||||||||
| See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements | ||||||||||||
4
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For the Nine Months Ended
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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September 30, 2002 |
September 30, 2001 |
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| Cash Flows From Operating Activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (12,212 | ) | $ | (11,115 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 534 | 565 | ||||||
| Forgiveness of related party notes receivable | 419 | - -- | ||||||
| Amortization of acquired technology | 133 | 338 | ||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation | 194 | 1,072 | ||||||
| Accretion of discount on securities, net | (103 | ) | (478 | ) | ||||
| Loss on disposal of fixed assets | 24 | 15 | ||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 44 | (391 | ) | |||||
| Inventories, net | 7 | (631 | ) | |||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (236 | ) | 318 | |||||
| Accounts payable | 192 | (36 | ) | |||||
| Accrued liabilities | (133 | ) | (141 | ) | ||||
| Other long-term assets and liabilities | 3 | 15 | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (11,134 | ) | (10,469 | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | (259 | ) | (510 | ) | ||||
| Purchase of marketable securities | (18,125 | ) | (33,001 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | 30,429 | 40,197 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | 12,045 | 6,686 | ||||||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Principal payments on notes payable | (262 | ) | - -- | |||||
| Proceeds from issuance of notes payable | 140 | - -- | ||||||
| Proceeds from related party notes receivable | 143 | 250 | ||||||
| Payments on related party notes receivable | (55 | ) | (371 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | 176 | 251 | ||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | (117 | ) | - -- | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 25 | 130 | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 936 | (3,653 | ) | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 7,509 | 16,759 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 8,445 | $ | 13,106 | ||||
| See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements | ||||||||
5
September 30, 2002
NOTE 1. The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company
Curon Medical, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in the State of Delaware on May 1, 1997. The Company develops, manufactures and markets proprietary products for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
The Company has sustained operating losses and negative cash flows from operations and expects such losses to continue in the foreseeable future. The Company intends to finance its operations primarily through its cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, future financing and future revenues, however, there can be no assurance that such efforts will succeed or that sufficient funds will be made available.
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts in order to conform to current year presentation.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (all of which are normal and recurring in nature) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods indicated. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other interim periods.
These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, as filed with the SEC.
Net Loss Per Share
| Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated as follows: | ||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numerator: |
2002
|
2001
|
2002
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2001
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| Net loss | $ | (4,152 | ) | $ | (3,812 | ) | $ | (12,212 | ) | $ | (11,115 | ) |
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding | 19,816,000 | 19,535,000 | 19,728,000 | 19,414,000 | ||||||||
|
Weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase |
(42,000 | ) | (325,000 | ) | (164,000 | ) | (419,000 | ) | ||||
|
Weighted average shares used in basic and diluted net loss per share |
19,774,000 | 19,210,000 | 19,564,000 | 18,995,000 | ||||||||
| Net loss per share | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | (0.62 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) |
6
During 1999, the Company granted to certain employees and non-employees, options which were immediately exercisable into common stock, subject to repurchase by the Company based on the same remaining vesting schedule as the related option. Shares are subject to repurchase at the original option exercise price.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2002, 124,000 shares of restricted stock were vested under the terms of the severance agreement with John Morgan, the former President and CEO of the Company.
Equity instruments that could dilute basic earnings per share in the future, that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect is antidilutive, are as follows:
|
September 30, 2002
|
September 30, 2001
|
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| Unvested common shares (shares subject to repurchase) | 40,000 | 317,000 | |
| Shares issuable upon exercise of stock options | 2,617,000 | 1,899,000 | |
| Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants | 569,000 | 569,000 | |
| Total | 3,226,000 | 2,785,000 | |
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from product sales is recognized on product shipment against a signed purchase order or sales quote provided no significant obligations remain and collection of the receivables is deemed probable for both sales of control modules and catheters. Revenues for extended warranty contracts are recognized over the extended warranty period. To date, post-sale customer support and training have not been significant.
The Company may sell products under a purchase commitment, with delivery of the control module at inception of the contract and catheters generally delivered over a period of six months. Revenue for the control module is deferred and recognized ratably over shipment of catheters under contract. Revenue on the catheters is recognized upon shipment at an amount representing their fair value based on verifiable objective evidence of such.
Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are recognized as revenue and the associated costs incurred by the Company are expensed under cost of goods sold.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146 (SFAS 146), Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. This Statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and nullifies Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, (Issue 94-3) Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring). This Statement requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. Under Issue 94-3, a liability for an exit cost as defined in Issue 94-3 was recognized at the date of an entitys commitment to an exit plan. This Statement also establishes that fair value is the objective for initial measurement of the liability. SFAS 146 is effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, on the Companys financial position or results of operations.
7
NOTE 2. Inventories
| Inventories: |
September 30, 2002
|
December 31, 2001
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| Raw materials | $ | 1,146 | $ | 1,093 | |||
| Work-in-process | 27 | 7 | |||||
| Finished goods | 325 | 370 | |||||
| Total gross inventories | 1,498 | 1,470 | |||||
| Less reserves | (95 | ) | (60 | ) | |||
| Total inventories, net | $ | 1,403 | $ | 1,410 | |||
NOTE 3. Deferred Stock Compensation
Stock-based compensation included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows:
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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2002
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2001
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2002
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2001
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| Cost of goods sold | $ | 9 | $ | 10 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 66 | |||
| Research and development | 3 | 70 | 49 | 129 | ||||||||
| Clinical and regulatory | 13 | 27 | 45 | 91 | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 21 | 66 | 26 | 239 | ||||||||
| General and administrative | (109 | ) | 193 | 77 | 547 | |||||||
| $ | (63 | ) | $ | 366 | $ | 194 | $ | 1,072 | ||||
NOTE 4. Contingencies
In June 2001, a civil action was filed against the Company in the United States District Court, Western District of Kentucky, Louisville Division, alleging that the Plaintiff sustained a nerve injury and damage to his gastrointestinal tract during a Stretta procedure caused by the defective design and manufacture of the Companys product. Plaintiffs allegations against the Company include strict liability for a product that was in a defective and unreasonably dangerous condition, negligence in the design and manufacturing of the product, breach of implied warranty of merchantability, and loss of consortium. Plaintiff was a subject in a randomized clinical trial and had been provided with an approved Informed Consent form and counselling by the physician. Prior to treatment, the subject provided consent to proceed. Plaintiff is seeking a trial by jury and unspecified damages. Trial date is currently set in September 2003. The Company believes Plaintiffs claim is without merit.
In September 2001, a civil action was filed against a number of defendants, including the Company, in the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the City and County of Santa Clara, alleging that the Plaintiff sustained injury when undergoing a procedure utilizing the Stretta System, caused by defects in design and manufacture. Plaintiff also alleges negligence in the design, manufacture, advertising and sale of the Stretta System and that its warnings, instructions and directions for use were inadequate. Additional defendants include the treating physicians and the associated medical institutions, which it is alleged, were medically negligent in treatment of Plaintiff. Plaintiff is seeking unspecified damages. Defendants are currently being deposed; no trial date has been set. The Company believes Plaintiffs claim is without merit.
8
In June 2002, a civil action was filed against a number of defendants, including the Company, in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, in the State of Pennsylvania, alleging that the Plaintiff sustained injury during a Secca procedure caused by the device being defective and/or in an unreasonably dangerous condition. Plaintiff was a subject in a clinical trial and had been provided with an approved Informed Consent form and counselling by the physician. Prior to treatment, the subject provided consent to proceed. Additional defendants include the treating physician, the associated medical institution who, it is alleged, were medically negligent in treatment of Plaintiff, and the members of the Institutional Review Board who approved the protocol for the clinical trial. Plaintiff has demanded a trial by jury and unspecified damages. The case has since been moved to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The Company believes Plaintiffs claim against the Company is without merit.
These matters are in their early stages and the Company believes that the resolution of any of these matters will not have a material effect, if any, on its business, financial position, and results of operations and cash flows.
NOTE 5. Notes Payable
The Company has a short-term note payable in the amount of $85,000 at September 30, 2002. This relates to a note financing the 2002 renewal of corporate insurance policies in the amount of $140,000 in June 2002. The remaining balance on the previous insurance note payable was paid in full in June 2002.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the attached financial statements and notes thereto, and with our audited financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001.
This quarterly report, including the following sections, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include statements relating to our expectations as to the timing and success of our clinical trials and regulatory submissions, the mix of our sales and revenues derived from generators and disposable devices, the rate of growth and success of our international sales and marketing efforts, our expectations regarding increased operating expenses and net losses as our business expands, the timing of new product introductions, and our ability to maintain current and planned operations through at least the next twelve months without raising additional funds. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. The cautionary statements set forth below and those contained in Factors That May Affect Future Results, commencing on page 14, identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted in any such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, failure to obtain regulatory approvals as anticipated, a slower rate of market acceptance of our products than expected, increased competition, continued adverse changes in general economic conditions in the United States and internationally, including adverse changes in the specific markets for our products, adverse changes in customer order patterns, pricing pressures, risks associated with foreign operations, failure to reduce costs or improve operating efficiencies, and our ability to attract, hire and retain key and qualified employees.
Overview
We were incorporated in May 1997. Business activities before January 1998 were negligible. In 1998, our primary activity was developing the Curon Control Module and Stretta Catheter for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Prior to December 31, 2000 we were in the development stage and until that time, we had devoted substantially all of our efforts to raising capital and developing, marketing and selling our products.
In early 1999, we began a multi-center clinical trial of the Stretta® System in the United States. We also developed our manufacturing capability to support the production of Stretta Catheters and Curon Control Modules for the clinical trial. Based on the data acquired in the trial, we submitted a 510(k) notification to the FDA in January 2000 for clearance to market the Stretta System for treatment of GERD. We received 510(k) clearance in April 2000. In October 1999, we received CE Mark approval of the Stretta System, indicating that the Stretta System meets European medical device standards allowing us to market it within the European Union. In May 2000, we launched the Stretta System commercially at Digestive Disease Week, a large professional gastroenterology conference. Also, in May 2000, we initiated a randomized controlled trial of the Stretta System in the United States. In this trial, patients received either the Stretta procedure or a placebo procedure, and results were compared. The data generated is being used to influence physician adoption rates, facilitate reimbursement approvals and enhance marketing activity. The active clinical portion of this trial was completed in the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The abstracted data was presented in a plenary session at the Digestive Disease Week Conference in May 2002.
9
In April 1999, we began developing the Secca® System for the treatment of fecal incontinence. In November 1999, we conducted a 10-patient human clinical pilot study outside the United States and, in July 2000, we began a U.S. multi-center clinical trial of the Secca System under an Investigational Device Exemption. In September 2001, we received CE Mark approval of the Secca System, indicating that the Secca System meets European medical device standards, allowing us to market it within the European Union. Our multi-center clinical trial was completed, and the results were used to support a 510(k) submission to the FDA in December 2001. We received 510(k) clearance from the FDA in March 2002 to market the system for the treatment of fecal incontinence in patients who have failed more conservative therapies such as diet modification and biofeedback. In May 2002, we initiated a randomized controlled trial in the U.S. for the Secca System. In this trial, patients will receive either the Secca procedure or a placebo procedure, and results will be compared. The data generated will be used to influence physician adoption rates, facilitate reimbursement approvals and enhance marketing activity. We made our first sales of the Secca System in June 2002.
To date, we have generated limited revenues. Our revenues are, and will be, derived from the sale of radiofrequency generators and our disposable devices, such as the Stretta Catheter and Secca Handpiece. We expect that disposable sales will form the basis of a recurring revenue stream. However, domestic disposable sales continue to grow more slowly than expected primarily due to difficulties encountered by our physician customers in easily obtaining reimbursement for the Stretta procedure on a case-by-case basis. Some of our customers also find the 45 minutes necessary to perform a Stretta procedure to be a limiting issue, as their endoscopy unit schedule is typically dominated by short diagnostic procedures. Although disposable sales from outside the United States are increasing, they are not yet sufficient to offset the current domestic situation. Our strategies of pursuing national reimbursement coverage, focusing on entrenching the therapy to promote repeat catheter sales and incorporating technical improvements to our systems to reduce treatment times are designed to address these issues and we expect that our revenue from disposables will increase on implementation.
Initially, we are focusing our sales efforts in the United States through a direct sales force. In international markets, we rely primarily on third-party distributors. In November 2000, we incorporated a subsidiary company in Belgium and hired a European manager to support European distributors sales, marketing and clinical efforts. At September 30, 2002, this subsidiary had three employees. In the quarter ended September 30, 2002, we entered into distribution agreements in Spain and France, giving us a total of 15 international distributors, who have all received shipments of product. Our gross margins on sales through international third-party distributors will be lower than our gross margins on U.S. sales as a result of distributor discounts.
Our costs of revenues represent the cost of producing generators and disposable devices. We also license a technology used in the generators that we sell. In addition to the up-front payment to license the technology, we are required to pay licensing fees based on the sales price of the units. We believe that there are alternative technologies that could be utilized should we choose to do so. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, professional services, patent application and maintenance costs, materials, supplies and equipment. Clinical and regulatory expenses consist primarily of expenses associated with the costs of clinical trials, clinical support personnel, the collection and analysis of the results of these trials, and the costs of submission of the results to the FDA. Sales and marketing expenses consist of personnel related costs, advertising, public relations and attendance at selected medical conferences. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the cost of corporate operations and personnel, legal, accounting and other general operating expenses of our company. Through September 30, 2002, we recorded limited product sales while incurring cumulative net losses of $60.5 million. In addition to increasing expenditures related to continuing selling activities of the Stretta System, we anticipate that our expenses will increase as we continue to develop new products, conduct clinical trials, commercialize our products and acquire additional technologies as opportunities arise. As a result, we expect our operating expenses and cumulative net losses to increase.
10
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Periods of three and nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001.
Revenues
Revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2002, were $746,000 compared to $826,000 for the same quarter in 2001. The decrease in sales was primarily due to the sales and marketing efforts involved in repositioning the Stretta product as an alternative to anti-reflux surgery and therefore targeting primarily surgeons as opposed to gastroenterologists by refocusing the domestic sales force. Stretta System products accounted for 93% and Secca System products 7% of the quarters revenues. In the same quarter of 2001, all sales were of Stretta products. The Stretta Control Module and Catheter accounted for 44% and 51%, respectively, of the Stretta product line sales for the quarter ended September 30, 2002, compared to 50% and 45%, respectively, for the same period in 2001. International sales accounted for $88,000 in the third quarter of 2002, compared to $13,000 in the same quarter of 2001.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, revenues were $2.6 million. Stretta System products accounted for 96% and Secca System products for 4% of the nine months revenue in 2002. In the same period in 2001, all sales were of Stretta products. The Stretta Control Module and Catheter accounted for 51% and 44%, respectively, of the Stretta product line sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, compared to 50% and 45%, respectively, for the same period in 2001. International sales accounted for $319,000 in the first nine months of 2002 compared to $105,000 for the same period in 2001.
Reimbursement remains an issue for many of our domestic customers and we continue to pursue national coverage by obtaining state-by-state coverage decisions. Sales of catheters to existing domestic customers in the third quarter of 2002, however, increased 50% and 77% over similar sales in the second and first quarters of 2002, respectively.
Cost of goods sold
In the quarter ended September 30, 2002, cost of goods sold was $1.1 million, compared to $1.3 million for the same quarter in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, cost of goods sold was $3.4 million, and $3.8 million for the same period in 2001. As sales volume increases, we expect gross profit to become positive and increase accordingly. Our sales have not yet reached a level which absorbs our manufacturing capacity to the extent that we would experience positive gross profit.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses were $630,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2002, and $653,000 for the same period in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, research and development expenses were $2.3 million, and $2.0 million for the same period in 2001. Expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 increased primarily due to increases in patent and trademark legal expense of $303,000 as compared to the same period in 2001. In addition, pilot manufacturing expenses related to the Secca System were $235,000 for the nine months ended September 30,2002. There was no pilot manufacturing of new products in 2001. The Secca System was commercialized in June of 2002, with the first sales being made in that month. Increases in research and development expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2002 were offset by decreases of $190,000 in Secca development costs as compared to the same period in 2001. Amortization of stock-based compensation accounted for $3,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2002, and $70,000 for the same period in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, amortization of stock-based compensation was $49,000 and $129,000, respectively. During the quarter ended September 30, 2002, research and development personnel were reduced from ten to seven. Termination costs paid in the quarter were $83,000.
11
Clinical and regulatory expenses
Clinical and regulatory expenses were $395,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2002, and $411,000 for the same period in 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, clinical and regulatory expenses were $1.0 million, and $1.4 million for the same period in 2001. The decrease in spending in 2002 over 2001 was due to costs involved in the U.S. Secca trial and the Stretta randomized control trial, which were bo