UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
Form 10–K
(Mark One)
| [X[ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000 | |||
| OR | |||
| [ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission file number: 000–25475
LATITUDE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 94–3177392 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
2121 Tasman Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95054
(Address of principal
executive offices, including zip code)
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (408) 988–7200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period than the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES [X] NO [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S–K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10–K or any amendment to this Form 10–K. [X]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non–affiliates of the registrant was approximately $35,614,000 as of February 28, 2001, based upon the closing sale price on the Nasdaq National Market reported for such date. Shares of Common Stock held by each officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
There were 19,303,111 shares of the registrants Common Stock issued and outstanding as of February 28, 2001.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Part III incorporates information by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 7, 2001.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
Overview
We are a leading provider of enterprise e-conferencing solutions that enable geographically dispersed organizations to collaborate in real time. The company's award-winning MeetingPlace system is designed for enterprise-wide deployment to improve the ability of employees, partners, and customers to meet and work. With MeetingPlace, participants can schedule and attend a meeting, view, share and edit documents, and capture and retrieve meeting content. MeetingPlace is designed to be an enterprise–wide resource and to leverage existing technologies such as telephones, cellular phones and personal computers. Moreover, we expect that the dramatic growth in web access and collaborative software applications will drive e-conferencing as an important business application of the Internet.
MeetingPlace consists of three components: (a) the MeetingPlace conference server; (b) MeetingPlace software; and (c) system integration options. MeetingPlace incorporates many easy–to–use features that allow participants to emulate the voice and data collaboration that occurs in a face–to–face meeting, such as breakout sessions, roll calls and meeting handouts. MeetingPlace provides simultaneous voice and web conferencing and the ability to record and access meeting content while lowering the enterprises overall conferencing costs.
We began commercial shipment of MeetingPlace in December 1994 and, as of December 31, 2000, had over 325 customers. In addition to enterprise–wide general deployment, customers have purchased and used MeetingPlace for a variety of specific business applications, including morning brokerage calls, crisis management, training and education, customer and client services, supply chain management and merger integration. Furthermore, over 60% of our customers have purchased additional products or services after their initial system installations. MeetingPlace has been installed in some of the worlds leading enterprises, including 3Com, Aetna, Cisco, Charles Schwab & Co., Credit Suisse First Boston, Hewlett–Packard, Honeywell, Intuit, Microsoft, Oracle, State Farm Insurance, Union Pacific Railroad and the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank.
Industry Background
The proliferation of communications technologies is revolutionizing the way people conduct business. Today, businesses of all sizes are empowering their employees with a diverse array of communications tools to facilitate information flow, improve productivity and reduce costs. From voicemail, fax machines and cellular phones to e–mail, laptop computers and handheld devices, businesses have demonstrated their continued willingness to adopt technologies that enable their employees, vendors and customers to communicate more efficiently across disparate geographies and time zones. Rapidly increasing travel costs have additionally fueled the deployment by enterprises of technologies that facilitate communication while reducing travel and current communication expenditures.
An enterprises willingness to adopt a new communications technology depends largely on the technologys ability to efficiently replace or enhance an existing business practice. Voicemail is a more convenient and cost effective substitute for the traditional pad–and–paper answering service. E–mail provides a similar improvement over traditional inter–office mail. Cellular phones and laptop computers provide added flexibility for mobile workers over the traditional telephone and desktop computer. In addition, enterprises have sought to enhance their competitive advantage by creating a virtual presence with their customers and vendors through such means as e–commerce and extranets. Each of these technologies has increased productivity by extending the workplace beyond the physical office.
We believe that no single, widely deployable technology, however, has been able to effectively provide the integrated voice and data collaboration that occurs in a face–to–face meeting in a cost effective manner. To have a meeting today, a business typically must have everyone present in a conference room or invest in limited and often expensive technologies or services that allow people to communicate. For example, audio conferencing, although widely used and available, is relatively expensive and does not enable participants to share and modify documents. Video conferencing systems enable participants to see each other but have technical limitations, such as minimum bandwidth requirements, and are not widely available to users. Collaborative software applications, such as Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Notes, focus on workflow improvements rather than sharing documents real–time and allowing users to speak with other participants.
As a consequence, we believe there is significant demand for an integrated, cost–effective and easy–to–use product that enables simultaneous real–time voice communication and secure document collaboration irrespective of geographic location. Furthermore, we believe that such a product must leverage the existing voice and data infrastructure within the enterprise to facilitate widespread deployment and realize significant cost savings. Finally, the system must provide incremental capabilities to improve the meeting itself.
The Latitude Solution
We have developed a solution, MeetingPlace, that allows companies to conduct meetings which extend real–time decision making processes irrespective of the geographic locations of participants. With MeetingPlace, users can schedule and attend a meeting, share and edit documents, and record and access meeting content. Attendees can participate in a meeting using widely available communications devices such as telephones, cellular phones, laptop computers and desktop computers. MeetingPlace is designed to be an enterprise–wide resource and to integrate seamlessly into widely deployed enterprise software environments, including corporate intranets and collaborative software environments such as Microsoft Outlook.
Key benefits of MeetingPlace include:
Seamless integration of real–time voice and web conferencing. MeetingPlace allows participants to easily schedule and attend meetings that combine voice conferencing with real–time sharing and editing of data over the Internet. By leveraging an enterprises existing voice and data networks, MeetingPlace provides reliable and robust transport of toll–quality voice as well as real–time data sharing and editing.
Lower overall cost of conferencing. With a MeetingPlace server installed, the cost of a conference is limited to the long–distance charge, if any, for each participant. In contrast, the cost of a conference using a third–party service bureau often ranges between $0.30 and $0.55 per minute per participant within the United States. As such, we believe that a typical customer can realize significant cost savings relative to existing voice conferencing services provided by third–party service bureaus.
Security and control. MeetingPlaces customer premise–based system provides an architecture that enables an enterprise to manage web collaboration securely behind its network security system, referred to in the software industry as a corporate firewall, consistent with its other information technology strategies. Additionally, MeetingPlace eliminates several risks associated with third party conferencing service bureaus, such as operators giving access to unwelcome participants.
Ease of use and broad feature set. MeetingPlace allows users to schedule, attend and review meetings easily from their telephones or familiar desktop environments such as browsers or Microsoft Outlook. In addition, MeetingPlace incorporates a large number of features that allow end users to emulate many aspects of a face–to–face meeting such as breakout sessions, roll calls and meeting hand–outs.
Scalability and configurability. MeetingPlace is scalable with an enterprises conferencing needs. MeetingPlace servers are designed to be networked together to coordinate the deployment of servers on a global basis and to allow for large single meeting sessions of over 1,000 simultaneous participants. Moreover, MeetingPlace can be configured in a variety of ways to satisfy specific business applications, such as training and supply chain management.
Time–displaced access to meetings. MeetingPlace provides an integrated ability to record and archive meeting conversations and materials, enabling information generated during a meeting to be efficiently passed on to those unable to attend. In addition, audio or data information can be made available to participants in advance of the meeting.
Products and Services
MeetingPlace Hardware and Software Platform
Our MeetingPlace system enables the enterprise–wide deployment of real–time voice and web conferencing capabilities. Designed to integrate with an enterprises existing telephone and data networks, MeetingPlace facilitates meetings among people in different locations using phones and network connected computers. The MeetingPlace system consists of three types of components:
MeetingPlace Conference Server. At the core of the MeetingPlace system is the MeetingPlace conference server, an integrated hardware and software platform. The MeetingPlace server is built around an Intel Pentium processor and incorporates standard trunk interfaces to many analog and digital phone systems, an Ethernet interface for local area networks, and a storage system based on the small computer systems interface, or SCSI, to manage internal database functions and conference recordings. In addition, the platform utilizes our advanced high–performance digital signal processing cards to manage voice communications. Each MeetingPlace server can scale from 8 to 120 concurrent users in any combination of different sized conferences, enabling customers to configure the MeetingPlace server on a concurrent user basis. In addition to the MeetingPlace conference server, an enterprise can increase scalability and reliability with the following options:
MeetingPlace Network Server. An integrated hardware and software platform that enables customers to manage up to eight MeetingPlace conference servers with centralized scheduling, administration and reporting.
MeetingPlace Shadow Network Server. An integrated hardware and software platform that provides redundancy in the event of failure of the MeetingPlace network server.
MeetingPlace Software. The MeetingPlace conference server includes system software necessary to schedule, conduct and manage real–time voice and web conferences. This software includes an operating system and a structured query language, or SQL, relational database, as well as integrated voice processing, conference scheduling and conference bridging software. The MeetingPlace system software also includes an optional simple network management protocol, or SNMP, agent for centralized network management. Enterprise customers typically configure their MeetingPlace systems by choosing several of the following software options:
MeetingPlace Data Conferencing. Server–based software that facilitates real–time data collaboration using either standards–based collaboration software such as Microsoft NetMeeting or Java–compatible web browsers such as Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.
MeetingNotes. Software that facilitates management of meeting agendas, roll calls, attached electronic documents, related web hyperlinks, and conference recordings.
MeetingTime. Client software that enables users to schedule, configure and monitor advanced meeting functions such as breakout sessions and lecture style, listen–only meetings.
System Integration Options. We also offer several optional modules that enable the integration of MeetingPlace with other strategic communications tools used by the enterprise. Currently, these modules include:
MeetingPlace Web. Windows NT–based software that integrates MeetingPlace with an enterprises web server to provide end users with browser–based scheduling and management of conferences. MeetingPlace Web also integrates with RealAudio to provide streaming audio playback of conference recordings.
MeetingPlace for Outlook. Windows NT–based software that integrates MeetingPlace with Microsoft Exchange to facilitate conference scheduling and delivery of notifications through the Microsoft Outlook calendaring interface from the users desktop.
MeetingPlace for Notes. Windows NT–based software that integrates MeetingPlace with Lotus Notes to facilitate conference scheduling and delivery of notifications through the Lotus Notes calendaring interface from the users desktop.
MeetingPlace E–mail Gateway. Windows NT–based software that integrates MeetingPlace with popular e–mail systems, including Microsoft Exchange and Lotus Notes, for automated e–mail delivery of conference notifications and meeting materials.
MeetingPlace IP. Windows NT–based software that consists of powerful voice-processing and call-control capabilities that interoperate with both IP call-processing systems, such as Cisco CallManager, and the traditional circuit-switched network. This allows end users to participate in the same conference using either a traditional or IP-based telephone..
MeetingPlace Fax Gateway. Windows NT–based software that integrates MeetingPlace with a Windows NT–based fax server for automated fax delivery of conference notifications and meeting materials.
Our MeetingPlace system is designed for deployment in enterprise environments with a wide array of standard and optional features for end users, help desk employees and system managers, including:
| Capability | Features | ||
| Meeting Set–Up. Automated scheduling and notification of meetings. | · | ability to schedule in advance or real–time | |
| · | schedule via MeetingTime software, web browser, telephone, Microsoft Outlook or Lotus Notes | ||
| · | scheduling of recurring meetings | ||
| · | password and profile restrictions | ||
| · | notification through e–mail, Microsoft Outlook, fax or pager | ||
| · | automatic dial–out to participants | ||
| In–Session Capabilities. Management and control of meeting attendance and flow. | · | roll calls | |
| · | announced and screened entries | ||
| · | participant exclusion | ||
| · | breakout sessions | ||
| · | lecture style, listen–only conferences | ||
| · | real–time speaker identification | ||
| · | interactive question and answer format | ||
| · | participant muting | ||
| · | automated dial–out to late participants | ||
| Attachments. Distribution of electronic meeting materials. | · | distribution and notification of meeting materials, including electronic documents, prerecorded voice or video and Internet hyperlinks | |
| · | access before, during or after meeting | ||
| · | automatic forwarding by e–mail or fax | ||
| · | access to materials via the web, by e–mail or by fax | ||
| Recording. Recording, storage and playback of conferences. | · | on/off control during conference | |
| · | automatic posting for playback | ||
| · | password or profile controlled access | ||
| · | access through telephone, downloaded audio file or streaming audio using RealAudio over the web | ||
| System Administration. Tools for management of MeetingPlace by system administrators. | · | remote administration via Internet protocol–based network (e.g., Internet) | |
| · | help desk monitoring via standard simple network management protocol, or SNMP, applications | ||
| · | configuration, user profile management, capacity planning, internal billback and automated backups through MeetingTime software | ||
| · | system reporting capability |
We license technology that is incorporated into our products from third parties, including digital signal processing algorithms and the MeetingPlace servers operating system and relational database. See Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsThe loss of our right to use technology licensed to us by third parties could harm our business. Software and hardware products as complex as ours are likely to contain undetected errors or defects. See Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsOur products may suffer from defects, errors or breaches of security.
Consulting and Support Services
In addition to our MeetingPlace hardware and software offerings, we provide extensive follow–on consulting and support services to our customers to ensure successful deployment of MeetingPlace in their organizations. We offer implementation and integration services on an individual engagement basis, and full care support and managed services on an ongoing recurring basis.
Implementation Services. Implementation services include turnkey project management, database design, specific business application development, training and on–site installation. These services target seamless integration with a wide variety of telephone systems, local area network configurations, web servers and messaging systems.
Integration Services. Integration services include customization of web interfaces to MeetingPlace, custom programming of telephone access menus through the MeetingPlace Flex Menu Option, custom reporting and billing, integration of MeetingPlace into non–standard voice or data networking infrastructures and advanced application support and training. These services are designed for customers with special application or integration needs.
Full Care Support. Full care support is an annual or multi–year service plan that provides telephone–based technical support to system managers. In addition, participating customers receive a software subscription service for new releases, access to a standby conference server and onsite hardware maintenance.
Managed Services. Managed services are designed for customers that desire on–site MeetingPlace systems but wish to outsource MeetingPlaces administration and management. Managed services include all user profile management, help desk support, rollout, capacity planning, technical support and monthly usage reporting.
We expect to further expand this suite of services during 2001 to include a hosted service enabling customers to realize the benefits of MeetingPlace without having to physically locate MeetingPlace Conference Servers on their premises.
Technology
MeetingPlace incorporates a wide variety of internally developed and third party licensed technologies. Key aspects of our technology platform include:
High–performance digital signal processing engine. To meet the needs of a highly scalable conferencing system, we designed our own general purpose digital signal processing card based on a reduced instruction set computing, or RISC, microprocessor and programmable Texas Instruments digital signal processing chips. MeetingPlace configurations can contain up to four digital signal processing cards to deliver up to five billion instructions per second of processing power in a single server. Our software leverages the power of these digital signal processing cards to provide high quality conference bridging that integrates digital signal processing algorithms for echo cancellation, automatic gain control, background noise suppression, voice compression, and speaker and dial tone detection.
Conference scheduling engine. A sophisticated conference scheduling engine efficiently allocates MeetingPlace system resources, including conference licenses, access ports, recording space and meeting identification numbers. The scheduling agent utilizes a structured query language, or SQL, relational database to manage transactions originating internally or externally from either the voice or data network. The software allows for sufficient flexibility to encompass real–world scenarios including early arrivals, unexpected participants, conference no–shows and meetings that run over their scheduled times.
Conference recording and playback. To record and play back conferences, MeetingPlace enables voice compression and decompression in addition to a proprietary voice file system.
Robust server software architecture. MeetingPlace utilizes a robust set of internally developed application programming interfaces, or APIs, that are designed to integrate with a variety of external applications, including web servers, e–mail systems and fax servers.
Distributed network architecture. MeetingPlace enables the centralized administration and management of multiple servers distributed over an enterprises local or wide area network. The system also incorporates an internal database replication engine, system–wide redundancy for MeetingPlace network servers and fault tolerance to network outages.
To be successful, we will need to develop and introduce new products that respond to technological changes or evolving industry standards in a timely manner and on a cost–effective basis. In addition, we will need to integrate our products with our customers networks and enterprise applications on an ongoing basis. Furthermore, any significant interruption in the supply or support of any licensed software incorporated in our products could adversely affect our sales. See Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsRapid technological changes could cause our products to become obsolete or require us to redesign our products, If we fail to integrate our products with third-party technology, our sales could suffer and The loss of our right to use technology licensed to us by third parties could harm our business.
Customers
We began commercial shipment of our products in December 1994 and, as of December 31, 2000, had over 325 customers. Our typical customers are medium to large businesses with geographically diverse employees, suppliers, customers and other constituents. In addition to enterprise–wide general deployment, customers have purchased and used MeetingPlace for a variety of specific business applications, including crisis management, training and education, customer and client services, supply chain management and merger integration. Furthermore, over 60% of our existing customers have purchased additional products or services after their initial system installations. The following is a representative list of our customers that have purchased MeetingPlace:
|
High
Technology
|
|
|
| Software | Hardware | Networking and |
| Adobe Systems, Inc. | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Telecommunications |
| America Online, Inc. | Apple Computer, Inc. | 3Com Corporation |
| Cadence Design Systems, Inc. | Fujitsu Limited | Aspect Communications Corporation |
| Edify Corporation | Hewlett–Packard Company | Bell Atlantic Corporation |
| Enterprise Systems, Inc. | Honeywell Inc. | Ciena Corporation |
| Great Plains Software, Inc. | Hutchinson Technology Inc. | Cisco Systems, Inc. |
| Informix Corporation | Motorola, Inc. | Group Telecom |
| Intuit, Inc. | Natural Microsystems Corporation | Genuity, Inc. |
| Microsoft Corporation | Quantum Corporation | Norstan Inc. |
| NetManage, Inc. | Rockwell International Corporation | Tellabs, Inc. |
| Network Associates, Inc. | Seagate Technology, Inc. | |
| Oracle Corporation | ||
| Parametric Technologies, Inc. | ||
| PeopleSoft, Inc. | ||
| Qualcomm Inc. | ||
| SAP America, Inc. | ||
|
Financial
Services
|
|
|
| Investment Banking | Insurance | Other Financial Services |
| Banc of America Securities | Aetna Inc. | Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. |
| Charles Schwab & Company | American International Group, Inc. | Capital Group Companies Inc. |
| Credit Suisse First Boston | CNA Financial Corporation | Conseco, Inc. |
| Corporation | CUNA Mutual Group | Fidelity Investments |
| Dain Rauscher Wessels | John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance | Franklin Templeton |
| J.C. Bradford & Co. | Company | Instinet Corp. |
| Morgan Stanley Dean Witter | State Farm Insurance | ProBusiness |
| & Co. | Southwest Securities Group, Inc. | |
| Prudential Securities | Commercial Banking | The Vanguard Group |
| Incorporated | ABN AMRO Bank NV | |
| Robertson Stephens, Inc. | Bank of America | |
| SG Cowen Securities | Barclays | |
| Corporation | FleetBoston Financial | |
| UBS AG | Compass Bank | |
| Life Savings Bank | ||
| KeyCorp | ||
| Northern Trust Bank | ||
| STAR Financial Bank | ||
|
Other
Industry Sectors
|
|
|
| Professional Services | Transportation | Retail |
| Accenture | Air Canada | Best Buy Co., Inc. |
| Automatic Data Processing, Inc. | CSX Corp. | Kinkos, Inc. |
| A.T. Kearney, Inc. | Budget Rent a Car Corporation | Pier 1 Imports, Inc. |
| The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. | Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corp. | Rite Aid Corporation |
| Cambridge Technology Partners, Inc. | Union Pacific Corp. | Weight Watchers International, Inc. |
| Deloitte & Touche, LLP | Webvan Group, Inc. | |
| Electronic Data Systems, Corp. | ||
| Gartner Group, Inc. | ||
| International Data Corporation | ||
| META Group, Inc. | ||
| Government | Healthcare | Education |
| U.S. Federal Reserve Bank | Blue Shield of California | California State University |
| NASA | Cardinal Health, Inc. | The Ohio State University |
| U.S. Court of Appeals | Kaiser Permanente | Rio Salado College |
| Social Security Administration | Merck-Medco Managed Care, LLC | University of Illinois |
| State of Alaska | University of Texas | |
| State of New Mexico |
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues in 2000 or 1999. The inclusion of the names of our customers in the table above and in the discussion below is not intended to imply that these customers are actively endorsing or promoting our products and services.
Marketing and Sales
Marketing. To create awareness, market demand and sales opportunities for our products, we engage in a number of marketing activities which include public relations activities with trade and business press, exhibiting products and applications at industry trade shows and on our web site, direct marketing, advertising in selected publications aimed at targeted markets and distribution of sales literature, technical specifications and documentation. Our marketing efforts focus on educating the significant influencers within enterprises, targeting IT executives and IT managers to build a business case and closing on initial deployment applications. In addition, we cultivate relationships with major network and telecommunications equipment providers, and we intend to engage in co–marketing activities with enterprise software providers.
Sales. Our distribution strategy is to sell our products and services to medium to large businesses with geographically dispersed employees, suppliers, customers and other constituents. We employ a direct sales force in the United States as our primary distribution channel to market to these enterprises. As of December 31, 2000, our direct sales force consisted of 64 sales representatives located in 23 cities. Latitude uses a consultative sales approach working closely with customers to understand and define their needs and to determine how they can be addressed by our products and services. This strategy continues after the initial product implementation, the successful completion of which is typically a prerequisite to full scale deployment. While the sales cycle varies from customer to customer, it typically lasts between six and nine months. See Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsOur sales cycle is lengthy and unpredictable.
In addition to our direct sales force in the United States, the United Kingdom and Singapore, we use indirect channels to extend our marketing effort. Traditionally, our indirect channels have included resellers that target specific geographic regions and vertical markets, as well as usage–based resellers who offer access to MeetingPlace services on a per–minute basis. During 2000, we also increased our reseller focus on global strategic accounts, small to mid-sized companies through the application service provider channel, and the federal government. As of December 31, 2000, we had seven domestic resellers and four international resellers. We intend to continue to grow our reseller channels. See Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsIf we fail to expand our sales and distribution channels, our business could suffer and Our ability to expand into international markets is uncertain.
Competition
We compete in a market that is highly competitive and rapidly changing. We expect competition to persist and intensify in the future. We believe the principal competitive factors in our market include, or are likely to include, overall cost of conferencing, product performance and features such as the ability to integrate voice and data, reliability, ease of use, size of customer base, quality of service and technical support, sales and distribution capabilities and strength of brand name. A description of our principal competitors and the risks associated with the competitive nature of our market are discussed in greater detail in Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsOur market is highly competitive.
We cannot be certain that we will be able to compete successfully with existing or new competitors. If we fail to compete successfully against current or future competitors, our business could suffer.
Patents and Intellectual Property Rights
Our success is heavily dependent upon protecting our proprietary technology. We rely primarily on a combination of patents, copyright, trademark, trade secrets, non–disclosure agreements and other contractual provisions to protect our proprietary rights. As of December 31, 2000, we had four issued U.S. patents relating to voice processing interfaces, recording and retrieval of audio conferences, and graphical computer interfaces for teleconference systems. We cannot be certain that these patents will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by third parties or that the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our ability to do business. A discussion of risks associated with the protection of our patents and intellectual property rights and potential infringement by us of the patents and intellectual property rights of others is presented in Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsWe may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary rights, and we may be subject to infringement claims.
Manufacturing
We currently outsource the manufacturing of all of the subassemblies and components of the MeetingPlace server to third parties. This strategy allows us to reduce costly investment in manufacturing capital and to leverage the expertise of our vendors. Our manufacturing operation consists primarily of final assembly and testing of fully–configured MeetingPlace servers. Some of the components and parts used in our products are procured from sole sources, including the processor and digital signal processing device used in our MeetingPlace server. We typically obtain components from only one vendor even where multiple sources are available, to maintain quality control and enhance the working relationship with suppliers. These purchases are made under existing contracts or purchase orders. The failure of any sole source suppliers to deliver on schedule could delay or interrupt our delivery of products and adversely affect our business. See Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsAny interruption in supply of components from outside manufacturers and suppliers could hinder our ability to ship products in a timely manner.
Employees
As of December 31, 2000, we had a total of 212 employees, of which 35 were in research and development, 144 were in sales, marketing and customer support, and 33 were in finance, administration and operations. Our future performance depends in significant part upon our ability to attract new personnel and the continued service of existing personnel in key areas including engineering, technical support and sales. Competition for qualified personnel is intense and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in attracting or retaining employees in the future. None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relations with our employees to be good. See Factors Affecting Future Operating ResultsWe may experience difficulties managing our expected growth and Our business could suffer if we lose the services of our current management team.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
We lease approximately 51,000 square feet for our headquarters facility in Santa Clara, California. The current lease for the Santa Clara facility expires in December 2005. We also lease space at seventeen other locations in the U.S. and three internationally.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
Latitude Communications made its initial public offering on May 6, 1999. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol LATD. The following table sets forth for the fiscal periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market.
|
Fiscal 2000
|
High
|
Low
|
| First Quarter | $32.25 | $17.00 |
| Second Quarter | $25.94 | $8.63 |
| Third Quarter | $11.75 | $4.56 |
| Fourth Quarter | $7.78 | $3.53 |
|
Fiscal 1999
|
High
|
Low
|
| Second Quarter | $19.50 | $10.44 |
| Third Quarter | $36.13 | $11.50 |
| Fourth Quarter | $34.63 | $21.75 |
As of February 28, 2001, there were approximately 130 holders of record of our common stock. We believe that a significant number of beneficial owners of our common stock hold shares in street name.
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. Therefore, we do not currently anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future.
On May 6, 1999, in connection with the Company's initial public offering, a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-72935) was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to which 3,125,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock were offered and sold for the account of the Company at a price of $12.00 per share, generating gross offering proceeds of $37.5 million. The managing underwriters were Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, Hambrecht & Quist LLC and Dain Rauscher Wessels. After deducting approximately $2.6 million in underwriting discounts and $1.1 million in other related expenses, the net proceeds of the offering were approximately $33.8 million. No direct or indirect payments were made to officers or directors or holders of ten percent or more of any class of equity securities of the Company or any of their affiliates. The Company has not yet used any of the funds from the initial public offering, and the $33.8 million has been invested in investment grade, interest bearing securities. The Company intends to use such remaining proceeds for capital expenditures, including the acquisition of redundant computer and communication systems, and for general corporate purposes, including working capital to fund increased accounts receivable and inventory levels.
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA.
The tables that follow present portions of our consolidated financial statements and are not complete. You should read the following selected financial data in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to these financial statements and with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future fiscal year.
Five-Year Summary
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|||||
|
2000
|
1999
|
1998
|
1997
|
1996
|
|
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | |||||
| Revenue: | |||||
| Product | $29,356 | $23,765 | $16,506 | $10,620 | $5,103 |
| Service |
14,075
|
9,277
|
4,545
|
2,312
|
943
|
| Total revenue |
43,431
|
33,042
|
21,051
|
12,932
|
6,046
|
| Cost of revenue: | |||||
| Product | 4,978 | 4,036 | 3,182 | 2,158 | 1,146 |
| Service |
7,455
|
4,890
|
2,822
|
1,805
|
1,023
|
| Total cost of revenue |
12,433
|
8,926
|
6,004
|
3,963
|
2,169
|
| Gross profit |
30,998
|
24,116
|
15,047
|
8,969
|
3,877
|
| Operating expenses: | |||||
| Research and development | 6,339 | 4,131 | 2,638 | 2,213 | 2,466 |
| Marketing and sales | 20,077 | 14,992 | 9,859 | 7,845 | 4,644 |
| General and administrative |
4,152
|
2,563
|
1,772
|
1,117
|
1,157
|
| Total operating expenses |
30,568
|
21,686
|
14,269
|
11,175
|
8,267
|
| Income (loss) from operations | 430 | 2,430 | 778 | (2,206) | (4,390) |
| Interest income (expense), net |
2,408
|
1,218
|
(41)
|
(23)
|
138
|
| Income (loss) before benefit from (provision for) income tax | 2,838 | 3,648 | 737 | (2,229) | (4,252) |
| Benefit from (provision for) income tax |
(1,179)
|
3,724
|
(34)
|
|
|
| Net income (loss) |
$1,659
|
$7,372
|
$703
|
$(2,229)
|
$(4,252)
|
| Net income (loss) per sharebasic |
$0.09
|
$0.56
|
$0.21
|
$(0.78)
|
$(2.02)
|
| Shares used in per share calculationbasic |
18,702
|
13,164
|
3,279
|
2,850
|
2,110
|
| Net income (loss) per sharediluted |
$0.08
|
$0.39
|
$0.04
|
$(0.78)
|
$(2.02)
|
| Shares used in per share calculationdiluted |
19,969
|
18,783
|
16,422
|
2,850
|
2,110
|
| Non-cash stock-based compensation included in the above expenses: | |||||
| Cost of revenue service | $26 | $83 | $47 | | |
| Research and development | 76 | 78 | 31 | | |
| Marketing and sales | 86 | 272 | 115 | | |
| General and administrative |
264
|
319
|
106
|
$2
|
|
|
$452
|
$752
|
$299
|
$2
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|||||
|
2000
|
1999
|
1998
|
1997
|
1996
|
|
| (In thousands) | |||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $23,993 | $10,847 | $3,982 | $3,578 | $5,664 |
| Working capital | 44,235 | 44,771 | 4,470 | 3,501 | 5,655 |
| Total assets | 63,158 | 60,054 | 11,870 | 7,715 | 8,680 |
| Long-term obligations | 106 | 453 | 838 | 757 | 760 |
| Total stockholders equity | 51,816 | 48,111 | 4,785 | 3,748 | 5,906 |
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Certain Forward–Looking Information
This section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a number of forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. We use words such as "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "future," and "intends," and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or our predictions. These risks are described in " Factors Affecting Future Operating Results " and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a leading provider of enterprise e-conferencing solutions that enable geographically dispersed organizations to collaborate in real time. The company's award-winning MeetingPlace system is designed for enterprise-wide deployment to improve the ability of employees, partners, and customers to meet and work. With MeetingPlace, participants can schedule and attend a meeting, view, share and edit documents, and capture and retrieve meeting content. MeetingPlace is designed to be an enterprise–wide resource and to leverage existing technologies such as telephones, cellular phones and personal computers.
We were incorporated in April 1993. From inception until December 1994, our operations consisted primarily of basic start–up activities, such as research and development and recruiting personnel. We first recognized revenue from product sales in December 1994 and generated revenue of $43.4 million, $33.0 million and $21.1 million in 2000, 1999 and 1998. We generated net income of $1.7 million in 2000, $7.4 million in 1999, and $703,000 in 1998. The net income in 1999 included the effect of a one-time deferred tax benefit of $3.7 million due to the recognition of our deferred tax asset. As of December 31, 2000, we had an accumulated deficit since inception of $5.3 million. We cannot assure you that our revenues will continue to grow or that we will maintain profitability in the future.
We generate revenue from sales of our MeetingPlace products and from customer support and consulting services. Revenue derived from product sales constituted 68%, 72% and 78% of our total revenue in 2000, 1999 and 1998. Product revenue is generally recognized upon shipment if a signed contract exists, the fee is fixed and determinable, collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured, product returns are reasonably estimable and, if applicable, acceptance has been obtained. We calculate an allowance for returns based on historical rates. Service revenue includes revenue from implementation and integration services, system management services, warranty coverage and customer support. Revenue from implementation and system integration services is recognized as the services are performed, while revenue from system management services, warranty coverage and customer support is recognized ratably over the period of the contract. Beginning in 2001, we expect to expand our service offerings by providing hosted services to our customers. Accordingly, future revenue from this new service offering will increase the proportion of total revenue derived from services. To the extent that prospective customers elect to purchase the hosted service rather than an on-premises MeetingPlace system, our product revenue could be adversely affected.
We sell our MeetingPlace products primarily through our direct sales force and, to a lesser extent, through indirect distribution channels. The majority of our revenue is derived from Fortune 1000 companies, many of which initially purchase MeetingPlace servers and later expand deployment of our products as they require additional capacity for voice and web conferencing. In 1997, we expanded into international markets by opening a sales and support office in the United Kingdom and establishing distributor relationships in Hong Kong and Singapore, and in 1998, we established a distributor relationship in Australia. While we intend to increase sales through indirect channels and internationally, we cannot assure you that we will be successful. In 1998, we expanded the breadth of our support services by establishing a consulting services group to provide expanded implementation services, system management services and customized project consulting. In 1999, we opened a sales and support office in Singapore. In addition, in 1999 and 2000, we increased our distribution partners to include global partnerships, application service providers and partners focused on the U.S. federal government
Total cost of revenue consists of component and materials costs, direct labor costs, warranty costs, royalties and overhead related to manufacturing of our products, as well as materials, travel and labor costs related to personnel engaged in our service operations. Product gross margin is impacted by the proportion of product revenue derived from software sales, which typically carry higher margins than hardware sales, and from indirect distribution channels, which typically carry lower margins than direct sales. Service gross margin is impacted by the mix of services we provide, which have different levels of profitability, and the efficiency with which we provide full care support to our customers. We record an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory by identifying inventory components either considered excess based on estimates of future usage or obsolete due to changes in our products. As a result of technological changes, our products may become obsolete or we could be required to redesign our products.
Results of Operations
The following table lists, for the periods indicated, the percentage of total revenue of each line item:
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|||
|
2000
|
1999
|
1998
|
|
| As a Percentage of Total Revenue: | |||
| Revenue: | |||
| Product | 67.6% | 71.9% | 78.4% |
| Service |
32.4
|
28.1
|
21.6
|
| Total revenue | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Cost of revenue: | |||
| Product | 11.5 | 12.2 | 15.1 |
| Service |
17.1
|
14.8
|
13.4
|
| Total cost of revenue |
28.6
|
27.0
|
28.5
|
| Gross profit |
71.4
|
73.0
|
71.5
|
| Operating expenses: | |||
| Research and development | 14.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Marketing and sales | 46.2 | 45.4 | 46.8 |
| General and administrative |
9.6
|
7.8
|
8.5
|
| Total operating expenses | 70.4 | 65.7 | 67.8 |
| Income from operations | 1.0 | 7.3 | 3.7 |
| Interest income (expense), net |
5.5
|
3.7
|
(0.2)
|
| Income before benefit from (provision for) income tax | 6.5 | 11.0 | 3.5 |
| Benefit from (provision for) income tax |
(2.7)
|
11.3
|
(0.2)
|
| Net income |
3.8%
|
22.3%
|
3.3%
|
Product Revenue
Product revenue was $29.4 million in 2000, $23.8 million in 1999 and $16.5 million in 1998. Product revenue increased 24% from 1999 to 2000 and 44% from 1998 to 1999. The increases in product revenue were due primarily to increased sales of our MeetingPlace products domestically to new customers, increased sales of additional products and features to existing customers, and, to a lesser extent, increased international sales. International sales represented 8%, 8% and 7% of product revenue in 2000, 1999 and 1998.
An allowance for potential sales returns is recorded upon shipment. At the end of each period, the allowance is adjusted based on our product return experience and for changes in the range of per system sales prices of systems shipped. As a result of this analysis, we believe that our allowance for potential sales returns of $154,000 at December 31, 2000 and $313,000 at December 31, 1999, was adequate but not excessive based on the historical experience and per system sales prices, software upgrade sales returns and outstanding accounts receivable balances. Our sales returns to date have approximated our estimated allowance for returns.
Service Revenue
Service revenue was $14.1 million in 2000, $9.3 million in 1999 and $4.5 million in 1998. Service revenue increased 52% from 1999 to 2000 and 104% from 1998 to 1999. The increases in service revenue were attributable primarily to growth in our customer base during these periods, which led to increased sales of full care support services, as well as to the introduction of additional consulting services such as managed services and expanded implementation and integration services.
Total Cost of Revenue
Total cost of revenue was $12.4 million in 2000, $8.9 million in 1999 and $6.0 million in 1998. Total cost of revenue increased 39% from 1999 to 2000 and 49% from 1998 to 1999. The increases in total cost of revenue were attributable primarily to increased sales of our MeetingPlace products and related services, as well as the increased size of our services staff and the costs of providing services to support an increasingly geographically dispersed customer base. Gross margin declined to 71% in 2000, from 73% in 1999 and 72% in 1998. The decline in gross margin from 1999 to 2000 is attributable primarily to increased sales through distribution channels. The increase in gross margin from 1998 to 1999 is attributable primarily to increased economies of scale resulting from increased product and service revenue, as well as to increased sales of MeetingPlace software and enhanced features to existing customers. On a forward–looking basis, we anticipate that gross margins may continue to decline as the proportions of revenue derived from sales made through distributors are expected to increase as percentages of total revenue.
Product gross margin in 2000, 1999 and 1998 was 83%, 83% and 81%. We expect product gross margin to decrease over time due in part to anticipated pricing pressure and an expected increase in the proportion of revenue derived from expanded services.
An allowance for excess and obsolete inventory is recorded at the end of each period based on an analysis of inventory on hand, considering forecasted usage and whether component parts are useable in our current product and whether finished goods are versions of our product for which demand is forecasted. As a result of this analysis, we believe that our allowance for excess and obsolete inventory of $444,000 at December 31, 2000 and $353,000 at December 31, 1999 was adequate but not excessive based on the specific identification of excess or obsolete inventory.
Service gross margin in 2000, 1999 and 1998 was 47%, 47% and 38%. We expect service gross margin to decline over time as a result of increasing costs of service combined with changes in the mix of our service based offerings.
Research and Development Expenses
The table below sets forth gross research and development expenses, capitalized internal software development costs and net research and development expenses in dollar amounts and as a percentage of total revenue for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|||
|
2000
|
1999
| ||