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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


Form 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended January 29, 2005

Commission File Number 1-5674


ANGELICA CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Missouri
43-0905260
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
 
 
 
424 South Woods Mill Road
63017-3406
Chesterfield, Missouri
(Zip Code)
          (Address of principal executive offices)           
 

(314) 854-3800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value New York Stock Exchange
   
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights issuable pursuant         
to Registrant’s Shareholder Rights Plan
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

NONE

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No     

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act) Yes X   No     

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

$211,916,765 based on the average of the high/low transaction price of the Common Stock on July 30, 2004.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of Common Stock, as of March 31, 2005.

Common Stock, $1.00 par value, 9,176,621 shares outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2005 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Page
PART I
     
Item 1. Business       1
     
Item 2. Properties      19
     
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 19
     
Item 4. Submission of Matters to Vote of Security Holders 20
     
Item 4A. Executive Officers of the Registrant       20
     
PART II
     
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters       21
     
Item 6. Selected Financial Data (Unaudited)       22
     
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations       23
     
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk       37
     
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data       37
     
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure       37
     
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures       37
     
Item 9B. Other Information       41
     
PART III
     
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant       41
     
Item 11. Executive Compensation       41
     
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters       41
     
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions       43
     
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services       43
     
PART IV
     
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules       43


PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

Angelica is a leading provider of outsourced linen management services to the U.S. healthcare industry. We have developed a comprehensive service offering that allows healthcare providers to outsource some or all aspects of their linen management needs. We provide laundry services, linen and apparel rental and on-site linen management services to our diverse customer base of approximately 4,500 healthcare providers located in 24 states. To a more limited extent, we also provide linen management services to customers in the hospitality business. For the 2004 fiscal year ended January 29, 2005, we processed over 620 million pounds of linen for our customers.

Our linen management services are designed to benefit healthcare providers by enabling them to:

   •  Reduce their capital expenditures for linen facilities and equipment; 
      
   •  Decrease their operating costs by outsourcing a non-core process;  
      
   • 
Maximize their productivity by allowing them to utilize limited available space that would otherwise be dedicated to on-premise laundry facilities for revenue generating activities; and 
     
  •  Focus on their core competencies of providing healthcare services to their patients.  
 
As of March 31, 2005, our 6,940 service associates delivered our value-added services to our customers through our network of 35 laundry plants and fleet of 600 delivery vehicles. Our plants provide access to 30 of the 50 largest metropolitan markets in the United States which approximates 50% of the country’s healthcare facilities. We seek to concentrate our plants in clusters, enabling us to provide better service to our customers, as well as lower our operating costs, by maximizing the efficiency of our delivery routes and by improving the utilization of our sales force. For the 2004 fiscal year, we reported revenues of $316.1 million and net income of $10.4 million from continuing operations.

Our company was founded in 1878 when we began in business as a uniform manufacturing company. During the 1960s, we expanded our product offering to three lines of business: Manufacturing, Textile Services and Retail. In 2002, management and our Board of Directors made a strategic decision to focus on healthcare linen services and retail. We sold our Manufacturing business in the spring of 2002. We hired a new president and CEO in September 2003. Since then, we have streamlined the company further by selling our Retail business in July 2004, and strengthened our market position in the healthcare linen management services industry by completing ten acquisitions.

We believe we are now well positioned to capitalize on additional revenue opportunities within our existing markets as well as leverage our large and growing scale and infrastructure to enhance our profitability and increase shareholder value.

Market Opportunity

The U.S. market for outsourced healthcare linen management services is large and growing. Based on our knowledge providing linen management services to the healthcare industry, we estimate that the U.S. healthcare linen services market represents approximately a $5.6 billion revenue opportunity annually. Of this

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$5.6 billion, we estimate $2.0 billion is attributable to acute-care hospitals, $2.4 billion to surgical and physician clinics and $1.2 billion to long-term care facilities.

                       
       Number
of Beds
         x   Average
Annual
Revenue/Bed(4)
         =          Estimated
Market Size
as at September 2004
 
Acute-Care Hospitals(1)     
0.9 million
             $ 2,222               
$2.0 billion
 
Surgical and Physicians Clinics(2)     
0.5 million
             $ 4,800               
$2.4 billion
 
Long-term Care Facilities(3)     
1.7 million
             $ 705               
$1.2 billion
 
Total     
              —
                             
$5.6 billion
 
 
(1)    Source: The CDC (Centers for Disease Control/Fed Government) and Company database from Solutions Marketing Group (SMG).
     
(2)    Source: Dun & Bradstreet and InfoUSA. Consists of total clinics rather than number of beds.
     
(3)    Source: Dun & Bradstreet and SMG database.
     
(4)   
Average annual revenue per bed is determined based on our experience in providing linen management services to the healthcare industry. Other service providers in this industry may be achieving different results.

We believe there are a number of favorable market dynamics within the U.S. healthcare sector that will continue to expand the overall outsourced healthcare linen management services opportunity:

      Favorable demographic trends—The U.S. Census forecasts that the U.S. population over 65 will double over the next 25 years. The American Hospital Association (AHA) estimates that people over the age of 65 use hospital services at three times the rate of the general population.

      Expanding customer base—According to the AHA, the number of community hospitals in the U.S. increased in 2002 for the first time since 1975 and as of September 2004, there were more than 800 new hospitals being planned. Furthermore, according to the AHA, there was a 47% increase in the number of U.S. outpatient surgery centers, or clinics, from 1996 to 2002. In addition, according to government estimates, the number of people needing long-term care is expected to increase 30% in the next 15 years.

In addition, we also believe there are several positive factors that will increase the market penetration of outsourced healthcare linen management services:

      Increasing awareness of in-house operating costs—Even though the outsourced hospital linen management services market is relatively mature and there are numerous benefits to outsourcing, our internal analysis indicates that a significant percentage of hospitals continue to handle their linen needs in-house. We believe that many hospital administrators are not aware of the true economic costs of on-premise laundries and that they may underestimate the opportunity costs as well. For instance, we believe many administrators do not account for the opportunity cost of space used for laundry equipment and that utility costs are often shared by or arbitrarily allocated to various divisions within a hospital without the actual usage of the laundry facilities being appropriately measured. As hospital administrators become more aware of the true costs of on-premise laundries, we believe that many hospitals will likely decide to outsource their linen services.

      Underpenetrated clinics and long-term care facilities—We believe the market for outsourced clinic and long-term care linen services is underpenetrated by both us and our major competitors. According to industry sources, there are over 540,000 clinics and long-term care facilities in the United States that require linen services. In addition, we believe there are also thousands of other outpatient care facilities such as dialysis centers and walk-in clinics that also require linen services in the course of their business. We believe that as

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outsourced linen services providers begin to actively target these customers, market penetration of these sectors will likely increase.

      Aging hospital facilities—According to the AHA, as of September 2004, 60% of hospitals in the United States needed to replace aging healthcare facilities. Due to the significant capital costs associated with laundry equipment replacement, we believe that many hospitals may outsource their linen needs in order to reduce costs, free up space dedicated to on-premise laundries and preserve capital for direct patient care uses.

Competitive Strengths

We believe we are well positioned to capitalize on the attractive market opportunities for outsourced healthcare linen management services as a result of our competitive strengths:

      Strong regional clusters—We believe our cluster approach of having a number of plants in localized areas enables us to provide superior service to our customers at a lower cost. Operating numerous plants within close proximity to one another enables us to provide more reliable customer service, better handle customer requests and mitigate the risks associated with temporary capacity reductions at a single plant. Furthermore, these clusters allow us to lower costs by maximizing delivery route densities and better utilizing our sales force across plants. Our cluster approach has enabled us to establish a strong market position in several markets in which we operate.

      Significant scale creates opportunities for cost reduction—We believe our significant and growing operating scale and infrastructure provides us with opportunities to realize significant financial benefits. In fiscal 2004, we purchased approximately $60 million of linens and invested $15.3 million in capital improvements to our plants. We believe the realignment of our purchasing functions at our operations headquarters in 2004 will enable us to better coordinate our purchasing activities and negotiate better pricing from our existing suppliers, as well as to pursue direct sourcing opportunities. We hired a director of engineering in 2004 to enable us to implement best practices and standardization across our organization, as well as to optimize capital expenditures by standardizing equipment and centralizing capital equipment procurement to take advantage of volume purchase discounts. In addition, our 35 plants allow us to test new technologies and operating techniques on a limited basis and implement best practices throughout our plant network.

      Experienced market leader—Our position as a market leader provides us with significant credibility with current and prospective customers. We are a leading provider of outsourced linen management services to the U.S. healthcare industry. Based on healthcare linen services revenue, we believe that we are twice the size of our nearest competitor.

      Large, experienced sales force—Our large, experienced sales force enables us to cater to the needs of sophisticated, national customers while also allowing us to deploy the appropriate sales resources to local market opportunities. We believe our sales force is the largest in the healthcare linen services industry. Our sales force consists of six national and regional managers focused on multi-facility hospital networks, 17 account executives focused on major hospitals and 29 market representatives focused on clinics and long-term care facilities. Furthermore, our sales force is augmented by 74 local customer service representatives who provide customer service and enhance revenue opportunities.

      Stable customer base—Our large and diverse customer base, high customer retention rates and long-term contracts provide us with a stable revenue base. As of March 31, 2005, we served approximately 800 hospitals, 350 long-term care facilities and 3,300 surgical and physician clinics in 24 states. In fiscal 2004, no individual customer represented more than 10% of our total revenue. Our annual customer retention rate is approximately 93% of total revenues and our average contract length is approximately 3 years.

      Proven management team—Since transitioning to a new president and CEO in September 2003, we have become a more streamlined organization primarily focused on the healthcare linen management services industry. Under our new focus, we have divested non-core assets, completed ten acquisitions that strengthened

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our position in our core business, and significantly reduced our corporate overhead expenses. From September 2003 to March 31, 2005, these initiatives have increased our number of plants from 28 to 35, increased our weekly pounds of linen processed 43.4% from 10.6 million to 15.2 million, and reduced our corporate office headcount from 50 to 15 associates, which was partially offset by the addition of 15 associates in our operations headquarters. Going forward, we will continue to focus on new revenue opportunities by more aggressively targeting clinics and long-term care facilities as well as hospitals. We will also seek to further leverage our significant and growing operating scale and infrastructure to enhance profitability and increase shareholder value.

Business Strategy

Due to the local and regional nature of our business, our goal is to become the market leader in each of the local markets we serve while simultaneously expanding our coverage to new markets. We believe that with respect to total beds served, we are among the three largest providers of outsourced healthcare linen management services in each of the local markets in which we operate and number one or two in the majority of our markets.

      Increase presence in existing markets—We believe that increasing the penetration of our existing markets is an effective and cost-efficient means of growth as we are able to capitalize on our reputation, brand awareness and existing infrastructure in the markets in which we operate.

To strengthen our presence in our existing markets, we plan to:

   • 
Facilitate additional hospital conversions from on-premise to outsourced linen management services by educating hospital administrators about the true economic and opportunity costs associated with operating on-premise laundries;
 
   •  Identify and implement sales and marketing and customer service best practices across our organization;
 
   •  Designate senior level managers to facilitate better execution of our clinic and long-term care business strategies; and 
 
   •  Focus our efforts on acquiring new business from clinics associated or affiliated with our existing hospital customers.

      Pursue complementary and accretive acquisitions—To increase our customer base, expand our presence in existing markets and enter new markets, we will continue to pursue strategic acquisitions. Since November 2003, we have completed ten acquisitions for an aggregate consideration of $126.0 million that we believe have created numerous benefits to our market position and our customers. In evaluating acquisition opportunities, we consider factors such as strategic value, projected EBITDA, impact on earnings per share, return on net assets and internal rate of return.

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      The following chart depicts the acquisitions we have completed during the past 18 months.

           
Date
Completed
         Transaction          Benefit  
March 2005          Purchased the stock of Royal Institutional Services, Inc. and its affiliate, The Surgi-Pack Corporation and accompanying healthcare linen services business in Somerville and Worcester, MA          Strengthened our New England position  
January 2005          Purchased National Service Industries’ (d/b/a National Linen Services) laundry facilities and linen services business in Dallas and Wichita Falls, TX          Strengthened our Southwest position  
January 2005          Purchased Tartan Textile Services’ healthcare linen services business and assumed lease for laundry facility in Hempstead, NY          Improved our access to New York market and access to long-term care facilities  
December 2004          Purchased United Linen Service’s (d/b/a Golden State Services) healthcare linen services business and assumed leases for laundry facilities in Sacramento and Turlock, CA          Strengthened our Northern California position  
May 2004          Purchased Tartan Textile Services’ healthcare linen services contracts from Tartan’s Portland, ME laundry facility          Strengthened our New England position  
April 2004          Purchased Duke University Health Systems’ laundry in Durham, NC and signed a long-term supply agreement with Duke healthcare facilities          Allowed expansion into North Carolina market with state-of-the-art facility  
April 2004          Purchased inventory and equipment and assumed healthcare linen services contracts at two on-premise laundries located at hospitals in TX and GA          Improved capacity rationalization in existing Angelica facilities  
December 2003          Purchased National Service Industries’ healthcare laundry facility and healthcare linen services business in Safety Harbor, FL          Strengthened our western Florida position  
November 2003          Purchased healthcare linen services contracts and selected assets of Tenney Laundry Services in Batavia, NY          Strengthened our New York position  

      Increase gross margin by leveraging scale—As a result of our focused business strategy and recent acquisitions, we believe we are now well positioned to use our scale to improve our operating performance. We plan to expand our gross margin through a number of cost savings initiatives including:

   •  Reducing linen costs through centralized purchasing and the implementation of a direct sourcing program;
 
   •  Optimizing capital expenditures by standardizing equipment and centralizing capital equipment procurement;
 
   •  Reducing energy cost volatility by hedging more of our anticipated natural gas requirements;
 
   •  Implementing best practices and new technology solutions to improve efficiency while reducing labor costs; and
 
   •  Reducing distribution costs by testing new software and optimizing routes as volume grows.

 

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Service Offering

We provide textile rental and linen management services primarily to the healthcare industry. Among the items we rent and clean are bed linens, towels, patient gowns, surgical scrubs, surgical linens and surgical packs as well as mops, mats and other dust control products. We also provide flexible, customized solutions for our customers ranging from à la carte services to full textile rental services - a total outsourcing package including apparel, textile and linen rental, laundering, service delivery and distribution systems designed to replace on-premise laundries and reduce expenses associated with these various services. In addition, we offer many of these services utilizing textiles owned by the customer (customer-owned goods).

Furthermore, we also offer the following customizable services:

   • 
AngelLink®, a computerized linen management system, available for either rented or customer-owned goods, designed to streamline linen tracking and ordering processes;
 
   • 
On-site linen distribution management of all aspects of linen distribution ranging from the linen room to utilization reports that optimize the linen use, ordering, receiving and use of linens; and
 
   •  Customized surgical packs for use in operating suites, providing a cost-effective alternative to disposable surgical packs.

Other services we provide include colored linen programs, scrub security programs and just-in-time linen cart exchange programs. These services have been designed to meet the total linen management needs of our customers. We also furnish a limited number of general linen services in select areas, mainly to restaurants, hotels and motels.

Customers

We serve customers in a number of healthcare sectors that are distinguished by both the types of patients they serve and the types of services they offer. Within the hospital and long-term care sector, many patient visits involve overnight stays. In contrast, within the clinic sector, most patient visits are outpatient in nature. Consequently, hospitals and long-term care facilities typically require rental of, and linen management services for, substantial amounts of bulk items such as bed linens and bath towels, in addition to other items such as patient gowns and surgical scrubs. Our clinic customers typically require linen rental services for smaller items, such as lab coats and scrubs. As a result, hospitals and long-term care facilities generally involve larger, lower-price per pound orders, while the products and services provided to our clinic customers generally have a higher price per pound.

For the 2004 fiscal year ended January 29, 2005, no individual customer represented more than 10% of our total revenues.

Competition

The markets in which we operate are very competitive and highly fragmented. Our primary competitors include two multi-national corporations: Crothall Services Group (a subsidiary of Compass Group PLC) and Sodexho Inc. (a subsidiary of Sodexho Alliance SA); approximately eleven regional midsize firms; and more than 1,500 small, independent, privately-owned competitors. In addition, many hospitals have captive on-premise laundries and hospital cooperative laundries. In addition, we compete indirectly with large facility service providers, such as ARAMARK Corporation, that provide linen services in conjunction with other services.

Within each of our acute-care hospital markets, we typically compete with one or two larger regional or national competitors and two to four small independent, privately-owned competitors. Within the clinic and long-term care markets, we typically compete with small local companies and regional providers that specialize in small accounts. In addition, garment and uniform providers such as ARAMARK Corporation or Cintas Corporation sometimes compete in the clinic market.

 

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Operations

We typically provide our services to customers located within a 150 mile radius of our plants. As of March 31, 2005, we operated 35 laundry plants serving 24 states all of which are in or near major metropolitan areas. Our plants are concentrated in clusters which provide us with access to 30 of the 50 largest metropolitan markets in the United States which approximates 50% of the country’s healthcare facilities. In fiscal 2004, our plant capacity utilization averaged 73% (based on two eight-hour shifts running six days per week).

We maintain a fleet of approximately 600 delivery vehicles and our drivers typically pick up and deliver linen daily at hospitals and two to three times per week at outpatient facilities.

Our laundry process involves several steps to ensure effective cleaning. Soiled linen is delivered to the plant by truck, sorted and weighed into appropriately sized loads, washed, dried, ironed, folded, arranged on carts and then delivered back to the customer.

Sales and Marketing

We believe our sales force is the largest in the healthcare linen management services industry. Our sales force consists of six national and regional managers focused on multi-facility hospital networks, 17 account executives focused on major hospitals, 29 market representatives focused on clinics and long-term care facilities and 74 local customer service representatives who provide customer service and enhance revenue opportunities by providing our existing customers with information about additional services and products we offer.

Our sales force compensation typically consists of a fixed base salary as well as a variable component based on amount of revenue sold.

Types of Contracts

We typically serve our customers pursuant to written service contracts for an initial term of three years. Once we have developed a relationship with our customers and understand their needs and our customers have had an opportunity to evaluate the quality of our services, we generally seek to convert them to five year service contracts. Most of our contracts have pricing escalators tied to the Consumer Price Index; however, the total amount by which our prices may be increased annually is often capped.

Many of our customers have used our services for many years and we believe most customers remain loyal to us due to our high quality service. In addition, we believe that customers may be reluctant to change service providers due to the effort involved, the potential disruption of services provided and, in many cases, the hidden costs associated with a change in service provider.

Regulatory Considerations

Our operations are subject to various laws and regulations relating to public health, worker safety and the environment.

In conjunction with the corporate campaign discussed in Item 3. Legal Proceedings, approximately half of our locations have been inspected since the beginning of fiscal 2004 by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration or the state agency equivalent (OSHA). Any citations resulting from these inspections have been completely abated or are in the process of being abated. OSHA citations are often accompanied by proposed fines. In many instances, we have successfully contested the citations and/or paid a considerably reduced amount than the fine OSHA initially proposed. Inspections of two facilities resulted in alleged willful citations that we have contested and are in the process of resolving with OSHA.

Compliance with laws regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive

 

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position. We do not expect any material expenditures will be required in order to comply with any federal, state or local environmental regulations.

Employees

As of January 29, 2005, we employed approximately 6,130 persons. As of March 31, 2005, we employed 6,940 persons. Approximately two-thirds of those employees are covered by 35 union contracts. Unions that represent our employees include the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, the International Union of Operating Engineers, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, and UNITE HERE. Overall, we consider our relationship with our employees to be good at both union and non-union facilities. With respect to production employees represented by UNITE HERE, we believe relations with the vast majority of those employees to be good despite that union’s corporate campaign, which is largely sustained by its International organization, and is described in “Item 3. Legal Proceedings”.

As of March 31, 2005, we had three open contracts with UNITE HERE and two open contracts with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. We are participating in ongoing negotiations in good faith with the intention of reaching agreements in all cases.

When we acquired Royal Institutional Services, Inc., a recognition petition filed by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 25 was pending with the National Labor Relations Board. The proposed bargaining unit consists of truck drivers at the Somerville, Massachusetts facility.

On April 2, 2005, UNITE HERE publicly announced that it plans to orchestrate a work stoppage against us on May 5, 2005. Approximately half of our facilities could theoretically be affected by such action. We have developed and are prepared to implement contingency plans at all of our facilities to ensure continued quality service to our customers. This could have a material impact on our financial results.

Factors That May Affect Future Results

Some matters discussed in this Form 10-K or in other documents, a portion of which are incorporated herein by reference, constitute forward-looking statements and are based upon management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting us. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those set forth in these statements.

The following factors, as well as factors described elsewhere in this Form 10-K, or in other SEC filings, could cause our future results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on our behalf. Such factors are described in accordance with the provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which encourages companies to disclose such factors.

Our acquisition strategy involves risks relating to integrating acquired businesses.

Our growth plan includes the strategic acquisition of selected business facilities, customer contracts and other assets. For example, in fiscal 2004, we acquired linen service facilities from Duke Health System, United Linen Services d/b/a Golden State Services, Tartan Textile Services, National Service Industries d/b/a National Linen and Uniform Service as well as two smaller on-premise laundry operations from individual hospitals. In the first quarter of fiscal 2005 we acquired Royal Institutional Services. Our inability to integrate acquired companies, business facilities, customer contracts or other assets successfully may render us less able to obtain the expected returns from our acquisitions and harm our results of operations and financial condition.

The process of integrating acquired operations into our existing operations may result in operating, contract and technology difficulties, including, but not limited to, the following:

   •  potential losses of key employees of acquired businesses;
 
   •  problems assimilating the purchased technologies, products or business operations;
 
 
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   •  problems maintaining uniform standards, procedures, controls and policies;
 
   •  unanticipated costs associated with the transactions, including accounting charges and transaction expenses;
 
   •  diversion of management’s attention from our core business; and
 
   •  adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers.

Also, while we have structured most of our recent acquisitions as asset purchases, we may fail to discover liabilities of any acquired companies for which we may be responsible as a successor owner or operator in spite of any investigation we make prior to the acquisition. Such difficulties may divert significant financial, operational and managerial resources from our existing operations, and make it more difficult to achieve our operating and strategic objectives. The diversion of management attention, particularly in a difficult operating environment, may affect our results.

A key component of our growth strategy relies on our ability to continue to identify and acquire suitable acquisition candidates. To the extent we are unable to continue to identify and acquire such candidates, our growth will slow.

We may not be able to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or acquire them on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition, we may not be able to obtain necessary financing for acquisitions. Such financing may be restricted by the terms of our debt agreements or it may be more expensive than our current debt. The amount of such debt financing for acquisitions may be significant and the terms of such debt instruments may be more restrictive than our current covenants. In addition, competitors for acquisitions, some of which may have substantially greater financial resources at their disposal, may increase the cost of acquisitions to us or make it impossible for us to make acquisitions within our strategic guidelines, if at all. If we do make additional acquisitions, any benefits anticipated from our acquisition strategy may not actually be realized.

Our contracts may not contain energy surcharge clauses sufficient to cover energy cost increases. If we are not able to recoup some or all of the utility cost increases we may experience, our results of operations may suffer.

Our operations utilize a large amount of natural gas, electricity, and gasoline and diesel fuel and our energy purchases vary as to price, payment terms, quantities and timing. Our energy costs are also affected by various market factors including the availability of supplies of particular forms of energy, energy prices and local and national regulatory decisions. The price escalator provisions in our contracts may not permit us to increase our prices to keep pace with energy cost increases we may experience. For example, we were only able to pass on to our customers approximately 20% of the energy cost increases we incurred in fiscal 2004, from fiscal 2003. While we have instituted operational hedging models that seek to capture pricing opportunities in the energy markets, we may not be fully protected against substantial changes in the price or availability of energy sources and we may not be able to offset these increases with higher prices charged to our customers. Our operations also use a large amount of water which we purchase, along with sewer service for the wastewater, from local water and sewer utilities that are often municipally owned. We are dependent upon these water and sewer utilities to provide uninterrupted water and sewer services for our continued operations and we are subject to the possibility of significantly increased costs for water and sewer services to the extent that these entities face financial difficulties, whether as a result of budget cuts or otherwise. We could also face higher costs if there are maintenance or capacity constraint issues within the municipal systems by which we are served.

The length and pricing terms of our customer contracts may constrain our ability to recover inflationary costs and to make a profit.

Our customer contracts generally range from three to five years in length. Most of our contracts have pricing escalators tied to inflation indexes, but the total amount by which our prices may be increased are generally capped on an annual and/or aggregate basis. In addition, some of our contracts only permit us to raise prices

 

9

once a year, so inflation may rise throughout the course of a year and we may not be able to raise our prices until the end of that year. The terms of these contracts require us to guarantee the price of the services we provide and assume the risk that our costs to perform services and provide products will be greater than anticipated. Any cost increase to us in performing these contracts may expose us to diminished operating margins or losses. These costs may be affected by a variety of factors, some of which may be beyond our control.

We face considerable pricing pressures from our customers, particularly from large national, regional or local healthcare organizations and group purchasing organizations. If we are not able to maintain or improve our operating margins due to these pressures or otherwise, our results of operations may be harmed.

We face significant pricing pressures arising from our customers’ desire to decrease their operating costs, from consolidation in the healthcare industry, and from other competitors operating in our targeted markets. Pricing pressure is particularly pronounced when we compete for new customers and when we negotiate for an extension of the term of an agreement with an existing customer. Some of our customers are part of large national, regional or local healthcare organizations that require their affiliates to purchase services from a limited number of preferred vendors or through a group purchasing organization. These trends have increased pricing pressures on our contracts with these customers. Pricing pressures may also be more pronounced during periods of economic uncertainty. Accordingly, improvement, or even maintenance of our operating margins depends on our ability to continually improve our capacity utilization and reduce our operating costs. If we are not able to achieve sufficient improvements in efficiency to adequately compensate for pressures on our pricing, our results of operations will be harmed.

We are primarily self-insured with respect to health insurance and workers’ compensation. If our reserves for health insurance and workers’ compensation claims and other expenses are inadequate, we may incur additional charges if the actual costs of these claims exceed the amounts estimated.

Because of high deductibles on our insurance policies, we are effectively self-insured with respect to this coverage. Employee health claims are self-insured except to the extent of stop-loss coverage on large claims. In our financial statements, we maintain a reserve for health insurance and workers’ compensation claims using actuarial estimates from third-party consultants and historical data for payment patterns, cost trends and other relevant factors. We evaluate the accrual rates for our reserves regularly throughout the year and we have in the past made adjustments as needed. Due to the uncertainties inherent in the actuarial process, the amount reserved may differ from actual claim amounts and we may be required to further adjust our reserves in the future to reflect the actual cost of claims and related expenses. If the actual cost of such claims and related expenses exceeds the amounts estimated, we may be required to record additional charges for these claims and/or additional reserves may be required.

Our business requires significant, periodic capital investment in facilities, machinery and other equipment, however because our future capital needs are uncertain, we may need to raise additional funds in the future, and such funds may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.

Our capital requirements depend on many factors, including:

   •  the age and condition of existing facilities and equipment;
 
   •  expenses related to investments in new facilities, equipment and technology;
 
   •  the need to invest in labor saving and energy efficient equipment;
 
   •  the number and timing of acquisitions and other strategic transactions; and
 
   •  the costs associ