U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004 |
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Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the Period From to |
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Commission File Number: 333-109064
WORLDSPAN, L.P.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
31-1429198 (I.R.S. employer identification number) |
300 Galleria Parkway, N.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30339
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(770) 563-7400
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods as the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes o No ý
None of the Registrant's common stock is held by non-affiliates of the Registrant.
As of March 25, 2005, the number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's parent's Class A Common Stock was 82,751,548, and the number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's parent's Class B Common Stock was 11,000,000.
WORLDSPAN, L.P.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
INDEX
| ITEM 1. | BUSINESS | 1 | ||
ITEM 2. |
PROPERTIES |
28 |
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ITEM 3. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
29 |
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ITEM 4. |
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
29 |
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ITEM 5. |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
30 |
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ITEM 6. |
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA |
31 |
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ITEM 7. |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. |
32 |
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ITEM 7A. |
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
56 |
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ITEM 8. |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
57 |
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ITEM 9. |
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
96 |
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ITEM 9A. |
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
96 |
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ITEM 10. |
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT |
97 |
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ITEM 11. |
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
101 |
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ITEM 12. |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
113 |
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ITEM 13. |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS |
116 |
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ITEM 14. |
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
120 |
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ITEM 15. |
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K |
121 |
PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this report and the exhibits hereto which are not purely historical facts, including statements about forecasted financial projections or other statements about anticipations, beliefs, expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies for the future, may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to us on the date this report was submitted. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Any forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the events or results described in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks or uncertainties related to: our revenues being highly dependent on the travel and transportation industries; airlines limiting their participation in travel marketing and distribution services; or other changes within, or that may affect, the travel industry. We may not succeed in addressing these and other risks.
For a discussion of these and other factors affecting our business, see the section captioned "Risk Factors" under "Item 1. Business."
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
We are a provider of mission-critical transaction processing and information technology services to the global travel industry. Globally, we are the largest transaction processor for online travel agencies, having processed 64% of all global distribution system, or GDS, online air transactions during the twelve months ended December 31, 2004. In the United States (the world's largest travel market), we are the second largest transaction processor for travel agencies, accounting for 32% of GDS air transactions and over 67% of online GDS air transactions processed during the twelve months ended December31, 2004. We provide subscribers (including traditional travel agencies, online travel agencies and corporate travel departments) with real-time access to schedule, price, availability and other travel information and the ability to process reservations and issue tickets for the products and services of approximately 800 travel suppliers (such as airlines, hotels, car rental companies, tour companies and cruise lines) throughout the world. During the year ended December 31, 2004, we processed approximately 202 million transactions. We also provide information technology services to the travel industry, primarily airline internal reservation systems, flight operations technology and software development.
We operate in two business segments: electronic travel distribution and information technology services, which represented approximately 93% and 7%, respectively, of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2004. Our electronic travel distribution revenues are generally derived from travel suppliers paying us a fee per transaction processed, as well as fees for other products. Under this model, each time a travel agency processes a booking with a travel supplier through us, the travel supplier pays us a fee based on the number of transactions involved in the booking. We record and charge one transaction fee for each segment of an air travel itinerary (e.g., four transactions for a round-trip airline ticket with one connection each way). We record and charge one transaction fee for each car rental, hotel, cruise or tour company booking, regardless of the length of time associated with the booking. The price of travel (airline ticket, car rental or hotel stay) does not impact the transaction fee that we receive. In addition to transaction fees, we derive a small portion of our electronic travel distribution revenues from access fees paid by travel agencies for the use of our services, which are typically discounted or waived if the travel agency generates a specified number of transactions through
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us over a specified period of time. As an incentive for travel agencies to use us, we typically pay volume-based inducements to our travel agencies. We also generate revenues from information technology services that we provide to various travel suppliers. As part of this business, we operate, maintain, develop and host the internal reservation and other systems for Delta Air Lines ("Delta") and Northwest Airlines ("Northwest").
We are the largest processor globally for online travel agencies as measured by transactions. Since 2000, our total online travel agency transactions have increased from 33.3 million transactions to 101.5 million transactions in 2004 for a compound annual growth rate of 32.1%, with growth of 12.4% from 2003 to 2004. In 2004, in the United States we processed over 67% of online airline transactions and nearly all non-GDS owned online travel agency airline transactions processed by a GDS. Moreover, we expect hospitality and destination services transactions (which include car, hotel, tour, cruise and rail) generated through online travel agencies to increase in the future as hospitality and destination services suppliers increasingly recognize the distribution potential of online travel agencies and the importance of making inventory available for distribution in and generating sales through this channel. We believe that the emergence and growth of the Internet as a channel for making travel bookings and our leading market position put us at the forefront of industry growth.
We have executed an alternative strategy with regard to the online travel agency channel. Unlike our primary competitors, we do not own an online travel agency that competes with travel suppliers or travel agencies. Instead, we have developed strategic relationships with online travel agencies to provide them with transaction processing, mission-critical technology and services, and access to our aggregated travel information, which enable online travel agencies to operate effectively and efficiently. As a result of this strategy, we have entered into long-term contracts with Expedia, Orbitz and Priceline, which are three of the five largest online travel agencies in the world. In addition, we have an agreement with Hotwire, another online travel agency, to process its airline transactions and have converted all of its airline transactions from Sabre, its previous provider, to us since March 2003.
We were founded in 1990 by Delta, Northwest and Trans World Airlines ("TWA"). Affiliates of these three airlines (and later American Airlines, following its acquisition of TWA's assets) held ownership stakes in us from our formation until June 2003. We refer to American Airlines, Delta and Northwest in this report as our founding airlines. On June 30, 2003, Worldspan Technologies Inc., or WTI (formerly named Travel Transaction Processing Corporation), acquired 100% of our outstanding partnership interests from affiliates of our founding airlines for an aggregate consideration of $901.5 million and agreed to provide credits to Delta and Northwest totaling up to $250.0 million structured over nine years in exchange for the agreement of those airlines to continue using us for information technology services.
GDS Industry
The GDS industry is a core component of the worldwide travel industry and is organized around two major sets of customers: travel suppliers and travel agencies. Suppliers of travel and travel-related products and services (such as airlines, car rental companies and hotels) utilize GDSs as a means of selling tickets and generating sales. As compensation for performing these services, the GDS generally charges the travel supplier a fee for every transaction it processes. Travel agencies (including traditional travel agencies, online travel agencies and corporate travel departments) utilize GDSs to search schedule, price, availability and other travel information and to process transactions on behalf of consumers. GDSs provide travel agencies with a single, expansive source of travel information, allowing travel agencies to search and process tens of thousands of itinerary and pricing options across multiple travel suppliers within seconds. Although travel agencies initiate and complete the transactions, it is the travel supplier that generally pays the transaction fee to the GDS. In addition, in order to gain and maintain relationships with travel agencies, GDSs typically provide volume-based inducements and
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other economic incentives to travel agencies. Travel agencies may also pay fees for the use of hardware and software provided by the GDS, which may be discounted or waived if the travel agency generates a specified number of transactions through the GDS over a specified period of time. Nearly every time a consumer books a travel reservation through a travel agency on a travel supplier that participates in a GDS, a GDS generates revenue.
In recent years, the travel industry has been marked by the emergence and growth of the Internet as a travel distribution channel. The growth in use of the Internet has led to the establishment of online travel agencies that provide a link between the consumer and the travel supplier, typically through a GDS. In 2004, airline transactions generated through online travel agencies accounted for approximately 31% of all airline transactions in the United States processed by a GDS, up from approximately 28% in 2003, approximately 23% in 2002 and approximately 17% in 2001. Between 2000 and 2004, the number of airline transactions in the United States generated through online travel agencies and processed by a GDS increased at a compound annual growth rate of 29.7% and an annual growth rate of 9.3% from 2003 to 2004. The chart below illustrates airline transactions generated through online and traditional travel agencies in the United States and processed by a GDS.(1)
Information Technology Services Industry
GDSs and other companies also provide various information technology services to the travel industry. These services include (i) internal reservation system services; (ii) flight operations technology services; and (iii) software development and licensing services, which includes custom development and integration. Internal reservation system services generally include the operation, maintenance, development and hosting of an airline's internal reservation system. The internal reservation system services a GDS provides to its airline customers are a critical component of their operations because they are the means by which they sell tickets. Flight operations technology services provide operational support from pre-flight preparation through departure and landing. Some of these services include weight and balance calculations, flight planning and tracking, passenger boarding, flight crew management, passenger manifests and cargo. Software development services focus on creating innovative software for use in an airline's internal reservation system and flight operations systems.
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Business Strategy
We intend to continue to strengthen our market leadership position, maximize profitability and enhance cash flow through the following strategies:
Continue to Increase Our Share and the Number of Online Travel Agency Transactions. While we processed over 67% of online airline transactions made in the United States and processed by a GDS during 2004, we believe that there are still opportunities to increase our number of transactions and our market share in the online travel agency channel. Our primary competitors own online travel agencies, and we believe that the channel conflict inherent in our primary competitors' strategy leaves us well positioned to compete for the business of independent online travel agencies. In addition, we believe we can grow our online travel agency business in the European, Asian, Australian and South American and other international markets where the use of the online travel agency channel is still developing by utilizing our technical expertise and our relationships with U.S. online travel agencies as such agencies expand globally. We expect that our geographic expansion will enable our U.S.-based online travel agencies to increase their penetration in non-U.S. markets. Further, we anticipate that our expansion to non-U.S. geographies will allow our emerging non-U.S. online travel agencies to expand their businesses.
Increase Our Global Penetration of the Traditional Travel Agency Channel. We have historically focused on selected geographic markets where our founding airlines had significant operations. We believe we have the opportunity to obtain new traditional travel agencies both in and outside the United States, particularly in Europe, Asia, Australia and Latin America, where we have not previously concentrated and where travel reservations are not generally made using current Internet technologies. For example, we entered into an agreement that enables the immediate transition of travel agencies in Hong Kong and Macau affiliated with TicTas System Automation Ltd. to our GDS. We believe our sophisticated Internet technologies will be attractive to traditional travel agencies as they seek to move towards more modern technologies. In addition, we intend to expand the number of transactions we process for traditional travel agencies in the United States. We believe we can successfully increase our market share in the United States and increase our global penetration in the traditional travel agency segment by providing innovative and low-cost products and services, by focusing on a limited number of opportunities to convert business currently supported by our competitors to us and by launching sales and marketing initiatives aimed at addressing the market for corporate travel departments which use traditional travel agencies.
Capitalize on the Shift by Corporate Travel Departments to Online Travel Services. We believe there will be a substantial opportunity to capitalize on the trend of corporate travel departments toward making bookings for business travel through online services. We are well positioned to benefit from this trend, as Expedia and Orbitz, two of our largest online travel agency customers, have entered the corporate travel market. We believe we have valuable experience in the online sector by virtue of our relationships with four of the six largest online travel agencies in the world, and we plan to use this competency to take advantage of the online corporate direct market. In addition, we have developed a successful online corporate booking tool, Trip Manager. Some of our largest corporate travel subscribers include Federated Department Stores, PNC Bank and The Home Depot. In most cases, we work in conjunction with, rather than compete with, travel agencies using our travel products and services to support their efforts with corporations.
Increase Hospitality and Destination Services Transactions. We intend to increase our transaction fee revenues from hospitality and destination services, which include car, hotel, tour, cruise and rail. We derived approximately 9% of our transaction revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004 from hospitality and destination services transactions. Hospitality and destination services suppliers have historically not utilized GDSs to the same extent as airlines. However, we expect these future transactions to increase in number,
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largely as a result of the emergence of the Internet and online travel agencies as a means of facilitating travel commerce. In addition, we believe that many traditional and online travel agencies have identified hospitality and destination services transactions as an area of growth.
Expand Information Technology Services Business. We intend to expand our existing information technology services business. We believe that airlines and other travel suppliers have been and will be increasingly outsourcing non-core technology functionalities due to the desire to focus on their core travel business. We are well positioned to take advantage of this shift because we currently provide internal reservation systems, flight operations technology and software development services to the airline industry. In addition, we also provide airlines and other travel-related companies with products and services on a subscription basis, including: Fares and Pricing, which is currently used by Avianca and Emirates Air and the airlines hosted by EDS, such as AeroMexico, Continental and Virgin Atlantic; Electronic Ticketing, which is currently used by KLM, TravelSky in China and SITA; Worldspan Rapid RepriceSM, which is currently used by United Air Lines, Delta and Northwest; and e-Pricing®, which is currently used by Northwest.
Continue to Reduce Costs. Since the acquisition by WTI of our general partnership interests and, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, limited partnership interests (the "Acquisition"), we have executed several strategic cost reduction initiatives. We believe that additional opportunities exist to reduce costs and improve profitability. We plan to improve our cost structure by streamlining our programming and processing systems and reducing our network and data center costs, among other initiatives.
Services
We operate in two business segments: electronic travel distribution and information technology services, which represented approximately 93% and 7%, respectively, of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004. Approximately 85% and 15% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004 were generated by our domestic and foreign subsidiaries, respectively.
Electronic Travel Distribution
We are the second largest transaction processor for travel agencies in the United States (the world's largest travel market), with a 32% GDS market share, and the largest processor globally for online travel agencies, with a 64% market share of all GDS online air transactions processed during the year ended December 31, 2004. The GDS industry is a core component of the worldwide travel industry and is organized around two major sets of customers: travel suppliers and travel agencies. Suppliers of travel and travel-related products and services (such as airlines, car rental companies and hotels) utilize GDSs as a means of selling tickets and generating sales. Travel agencies (including traditional travel agencies, online travel agencies and corporate travel departments) utilize GDSs to search schedule, price, availability and other travel information and to process transactions on behalf of consumers. GDSs provide travel agencies with a single, expansive source of travel information, allowing travel agencies to search and process tens of thousands of itinerary and pricing options across multiple travel suppliers within seconds.
Through our GDS, we provide approximately 16,000 traditional travel agency locations in over 70 countries and approximately 50 online travel agencies, including four of the largest online travel agencies, with access to the inventory, reservations and ticketing of travel suppliers, including approximately 463 airlines, 225 hotel chains and 30 car rental companies throughout the world. As compensation for performing these services, we generally charge the travel supplier a fee for every transaction we process. For example, for a roundtrip ticket with one connection each way, a three night hotel stay and a three day car rental, we charge the respective travel suppliers one transaction fee for each segment of the airline ticket, one transaction fee for the hotel stay and one transaction fee for the car rental for a total of six transaction fees. The value of the travel purchase or the length of stay has no impact on our transaction fee.
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Our relationships with travel suppliers extend to airlines, hotels, car rental companies, tour operators, cruise companies and others that participate in our GDS. Travel suppliers process, store, display, manage and sell their services through our GDS. Through participating carrier agreements (for airlines) and associate agreements (for hospitality and destination services suppliers), airlines and other travel suppliers are offered varying services and levels of functionality at which they can participate in our GDS. These levels of functionality generally depend upon the type of communications and real-time access allowed with respect to the particular travel supplier's internal systems. We earn a fee, which is generally paid by the travel supplier, for transactions processed by us. We charge premiums for higher levels of functionality selected by the travel suppliers. In addition, we provide the airlines with marketing data generated from transactions we process for fees that vary based on the type and amount of information provided. This information assists airlines in their marketing and sales programs and in the management of their revenues, inventory and yields.
We derive a substantial amount of our revenues from transaction fees paid by travel suppliers. In the year ended December 31, 2004, approximately 91% of our transaction fee revenues were generated from airlines. While revenues from hospitality and destination services suppliers, primarily car rental companies and hotels, accounted for approximately 9% of our transaction fee revenues in the year ended December 31, 2004, the number of these transactions processed by us grew at a compound annual rate of 5.0% from 2000 through 2004, compared to a compound annual rate of 4.0% for airline transactions over the same period, reflecting increased travel agency use of our hospitality and destination services processing capabilities. Our top ten travel suppliers, all airlines, accounted for approximately 64% of our total transaction fee revenues and approximately 64% of our total revenues in the year ended December 31, 2004.
Although most of the world's airlines and many hospitality and destination services travel suppliers participate in our GDS, we believe that this business segment has potential for continued growth. Opportunities for growth include adding new suppliers, increasing the level of participation of existing suppliers and offering new products and services. In marketing to travel suppliers, we emphasize our global distribution capabilities, the quality of our products and services, our contracts with four of the six largest online travel agencies, our extensive network of traditional and online travel agencies and the ability of travel suppliers to display information at no charge until a transaction is processed.
We have entered into fare content agreements with American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta, Northwest, United Air Lines and US Airways. Each airline has agreed to provide our traditional and online travel agencies in the territories covered by the agreements with substantially all fare content (including web fares) in exchange for monthly fee payments from us. We have agreed to keep the average fees per transaction paid by each airline steady for traditional travel agency bookings in the territories covered by the agreements. In addition, pursuant to this agreement, each airline has agreed, among other things, to commit to the highest level of participation in our GDS for three years. Further, in February 2004, we executed a three-year fare content agreement with British Airways to provide access to virtually all of their published fares (including web fares) to some of our U.K. travel agencies. We expect that these new fare content agreements will provide our traditional travel agencies in the territories covered by the agreements with access to improved quality and content concerning the flights and fares of the participating airlines and other forms of non-discriminatory treatment. We believe that obtaining similar fare content from our other major airline travel suppliers is important to our ability to compete, since other GDSs have also entered into fare content agreements with various airlines. Consequently, we are pursuing agreements similar to these fare content agreements with other major airlines in order to obtain access to such content.
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Travel Agencies
Approximately 16,000 traditional travel agency locations and 50 online travel agencies worldwide depend on us to provide travel information, book and ticket travel purchases and manage travel information and agency operations. Access to our GDS enables travel agencies to electronically search travel-related data such as schedules, availability, services and prices offered by our travel suppliers. Through our GDS, our travel agencies have access to approximately 463 airlines, 225 hotel chains and 30 car rental companies. Travel agencies access our GDS using hardware and software typically provided by us or a third party. We also provide technical support, training and other assistance to travel agencies. Travel agencies generally pay a fee for access to our GDS and for the equipment, software and services provided. However, this fee is often discounted or waived if the travel agency generates a specified number of transactions processed by us during a specified time period. Additionally, we provide cash incentives or other inducements to a significant number of travel agencies as a means of facilitating greater use of our GDS.
Our travel agencies consist of online travel agencies, traditional travel agencies, and corporate travel departments.
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Information Technology Services
We provide a comprehensive suite of information technology, or IT, services to airlines, including: (i) internal reservation system services; (ii) flight operations technology services; and (iii) software development and licensing services, which include custom development and integration. Our internal reservation system services include the operation, maintenance, development and hosting of an airline's internal reservation system and include seat availability, reservations, fares and pricing, ticketing and baggage services. The internal reservation system services we provide to our airline customers are a critical component of their operations because they are the means by which they sell tickets. Our flight operations technology services provide operational support to our airline customers, from pre-flight preparation through departure and landing. Some of these services include weight and balance, flight planning and tracking, passenger boarding, flight crew management, passenger manifests and cargo. Our software development services focus on creating innovative software for use in an airline's internal reservation system and flight operations systems. We intend to utilize our airline expertise to offer solutions to other industries that face similar complex operational issues and utilize similar technology platforms, including the airport, railroad, cruise, hotel and car industries.
Our primary customers in the information technology services segment are Delta and Northwest. We have had IT services agreements in place with Delta and Northwest since 1993. Pursuant to the technology services agreements entered into with these two airlines at the closing of the Acquisition by WTI (called founder airline services agreements or FASAs), we will continue to fulfill the information technology requirements relating to the hosting of core internal reservation system services for each of Delta and Northwest during the term of the agreements. In addition, we provide contract software development and transaction processing services and other airline support services for each of these airlines. The FASAs contain minimum levels of software development services to be provided by us to each of Delta and Northwest. We also provide information technology services for approximately 10 other customers throughout the world.
We also provide airlines and other travel-related companies with specific internal reservation system products and services on a subscription basis. While some airlines elect to have their internal reservation system run by a single IT services provider, others prefer to outsource selected functions to multiple IT services providers. We have developed an array of products and services to meet the needs of airlines which use multiple providers, including Fares and Pricing (which is a fare-shopping tool that enables airlines to outsource fares and pricing functionality to us); Electronic Ticketing (which is a database that enables airlines to outsource electronic ticketing storage and maintenance to us); Worldspan Rapid RepriceSM (which is an automated solution that enables airlines to increase revenues and provide better service by recalculating fares when itineraries change); and e-Pricing® (which is a multi-server-based fare search tool, developed jointly by us and Expedia and is used by our customers to provide their users with a greater selection of travel options).
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Strategic Relationships
In order to facilitate the delivery of leading technologies, products and services to our travel suppliers and our travel agencies, we have forged a number of relationships with leading companies. These strategic alliances have helped position us at the forefront of the travel distribution industry.
Online Travel Agencies. We have developed a strategy of partnering with online travel agencies rather than owning an online travel agency. Because we have avoided competing directly with online travel agencies, we believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of the channel shift in bookings to online travel agencies. We have long-term contracts with three of the largest online travel agencies (Expedia, Orbitz and Priceline), which represented approximately 61% of the total U.S. online travel agency market share for airline transactions processed by a GDS in 2004. In addition, we have an agreement with Hotwire, another online travel agency, to process its airline transactions through us, rather than Sabre, its previous provider.
Delta and Northwest. We believe that our marketing agreements with Delta and Northwest will assist us in attracting and retaining travel agencies and providing a high level of service to them. Pursuant to these agreements, each of Delta and Northwest has agreed to continue to provide marketing support for our GDS with respect to travel agencies in North and South America (in the case of Delta) and the U.S. and Japan (in the case of Northwest). The marketing support from these airlines is exclusive to us in these territories until June 2006 in the case of Delta and until June 2007 in the case of Northwest, with the exclusivity commitment from these airlines subject to us satisfying transaction fee pricing requirements for our GDS services for each of those two airlines. In addition, the marketing agreements contain commitments from each of Delta (until June 2006) and Northwest (until June 2007) not to terminate its participation in our GDS unless it first terminated its participation in the GDSs of Amadeus, Galileo and Sabre, subject to us satisfying certain GDS transaction fee pricing and other requirements. Each of Delta (until June 2006) and Northwest (until June 2007) also agreed to provide to us no less functionality, inventory, inventory controls or information related thereto in any given country than such airline provides to any other current GDS in that country and to provide to us all fares that it makes available to any other current GDS for distribution to all such other GDS's subscribers on the same terms and conditions, in each case subject to us satisfying certain GDS transaction fee pricing and functionality requirements. In January 2005, Northwest notified us that our transaction fee pricing did not satisfy the conditions of our marketing support agreement with Northwest. Northwest indicated that until we modify our GDS transaction fee pricing, it would suspend its support of our sales and marketing efforts in the United States and a program in which Northwest provides discounted airline tickets for our use in conjunction with our sales activities. We notified Northwest that we disputed its position, and were ultimately able to work with Northwest to review the relevant data and resolve the issues. We do not believe that these actions will have a materially adverse impact to our business, financial condition and results of operations.
IBM. We have an asset management agreement with IBM which expires in June 2008. The agreement allows us to purchase IBM software, services and hardware at favorable prices. As a result of this agreement, we believe that we will be able to increase our processing and computer capabilities without a significant increase in associated software and hardware costs.
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Customers
Travel Suppliers. Our travel supplier base includes approximately 463 airlines, 225 hotel chains and 30 car rental companies. The table below depicts our largest travel suppliers in the airline, car rental and hotel chain categories in 2004.
| Airlines |
Car Rental Companies |
Hotels |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Airlines | Alamo | Courtyard by Marriott | ||
| Delta Air Lines | Avis | Hampton Inns | ||
| Northwest Airlines | Budget | Hilton Hotels | ||
| United Air Lines | Hertz | Holiday Inn | ||
| US Airways | National | Marriott |
Our top five and top ten travel suppliers (all of which are airlines) represented approximately 51% and 64%, respectively, of our total revenues in 2004. Additionally, in the year ended December 31, 2004, Delta, Northwest and United represented 18%, 11% and 10%, respectively, of our total revenue. In 2003, Delta and Northwest represented 19% and 12% of our revenues, respectively. In 2002, Delta and Northwest represented 20% and 14%, respectively. No other supplier represented more than 10% of our total revenues.
Travel Agencies. Our travel agencies include approximately 16,000 traditional travel agency locations in more than 70 countries and approximately 50 online travel agencies, including four of the six largest online travel agencies in the world. The table below depicts our largest travel agencies in the traditional travel agency and online travel agency categories in 2004.
| Traditional |
Online |
|
|---|---|---|
| American Express | Expedia | |
| Navigant | Hotwire.com | |
| Travel Incorporated | Orbitz | |
| USA Gateway Travel | Priceline | |
| World Travel/BTI | Site59.com |
Our top five and top ten travel agencies generated approximately 50% and 55%, respectively, of our total transactions in 2004. In 2004, Expedia, Hotwire, Orbitz and Priceline represented approximately 48% of our total transactions, up from 43% in 2003 and 37% in 2002. Expedia alone generated over 28% of our total transactions in 2004, up from 25% in 2003 and over 15% in 2002. Orbitz accounted for over 9% of our total transactions in 2004, 2003 and 2002.
Sales and Marketing
Our sales and support professionals are located in more than 25 countries and are responsible for maintaining the relationship and growing the business with our large and diverse constituencies of travel suppliers and travel agencies. We employ a dedicated sales and customer support force which specializes in meeting the needs of our travel suppliers and travel agencies.
Travel Supplier/Information Technology Services. Our travel supplier sales and support professionals maintain our business relationships with the hundreds of travel industry suppliers that distribute services electronically. This group also sells our hosting, information technology and transaction-based services. They focus on meeting the needs of their customers on a segmented basis. Dedicated hotel and car industry salespeople serve those respective customers, while airline distribution salespeople sell to airline customers and potential customers. We also maintain a separate team of hosting, information
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technology and transaction-based salespeople to market the specific services that we offer to airlines and others.
Travel Agencies. We maintain teams of sales and support professionals to service each type of travel agency customer. Dedicated account management teams, consisting of business development, technical support and operational support specialists, maintain the relationship and support the needs of our largest consumer online travel agencies, including Expedia, Hotwire, Orbitz and Priceline. These sales and support professionals are focused on tailoring our e-Commerce and other capabilities to meet the specific and unique needs of our online travel agencies.
Our traditional travel agency sales group segments our traditional travel agencies by size and geography. Sales and support professionals contact or visit our traditional travel agencies on a regular basis to promote usage of our GDS, introduce new products and services and negotiate contract renewals. Sales people also call on specifically targeted travel agencies to negotiate and facilitate their use of our GDS. For our largest and most important travel agencies, we employ dedicated strategic accounts sales groups. Most of our smaller traditional travel agencies receive their sales and service support through an efficient and cost-effective inside sales telemarketing group.
Competition
GDS Market. The marketplace for travel distribution is large, multi-faceted and highly competitive. In the GDS market, we compete primarily with three other GDS companies: Amadeus, Galileo and Sabre. Our share of the GDS airline market, based upon airline transactions in 2004 totaled approximately 32% in the U.S. and approximately 18% worldwide. Each of our primary competitors offers products and services similar to ours. We believe competition in the GDS market occurs primarily on the basis of the following criteria:
In addition to making their travel-related products and services available through a GDS, travel suppliers are increasingly utilizing alternate channels of distribution designed to directly connect with consumers without the use of a GDS, which may shift business away from us. One alternate method involves travel suppliers giving consumers direct access to their inventory. Examples of this method include travel supplier proprietary websites, internal reservation call centers and ticket offices. A second alternate method involves travel suppliers providing their inventory directly to online and traditional travel agencies without the use of a GDS. Examples of this include participation by several airlines, such as American Airlines, America West Airlines, Continental Airlines and Northwest in a direct connect link with Orbitz. The creation and subsequent divestiture of travel supplier joint ventures, such as Orbitz (formerly owned by major U.S. airlines) and Opodo (controlled by Amadeus and formerly by large European airlines), could enhance development of this method.
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Although we potentially face new competitors, there are several barriers to entry into the GDS business, including:
Information Technology Services Market. Competition within the information technology services market is segmented by the type of service offering. Internal reservation and other system services competitors include Amadeus, EDS, Navitaire, Sabre and Unisys/SITA, as well as airlines that provide the services and support for their own internal reservation system services and also host external airlines, such as Aer Lingus's Astral System or KLM's Corda system. Competitors for data center and network outsourcing services include EDS, Galileo, IBM, Sabre and Unisys/SITA. Our competitors for information technology consulting include Accenture, Booz, Allen & Hamilton Consulting, Capgemini, CSC, EDS, IBM, Sabre and Unisys/SITA.
Technology and Operations
We continuously invest in technology, software and hardware. We believe that we will benefit from economies of scale as our technology and infrastructure are readily expandable and can support incremental volume without significant additional investment. Our GDS is capable of sustained processing of more than 10,000 peak messages per second with currently installed hardware. For the year ended December 31, 2004, the average transaction rate for our TPF systems was 4,328 messages per second. The physical plant is continually being advanced to leverage technologies that improve our efficiency, performance, speed to market, reliability, security and uptime requirements.
Significant efforts over the last three years have moved our infrastructure from one supporting primarily legacy technology protocols and platforms to one focused on IP-based technologies. This has been key to enabling creation of a hybrid computing environment that leverages TPF for very high volume transaction processing but supports seamless incorporation of more open platforms. This hybrid environment provides quicker time to market, options to use third-party software products, richer content support and cost effective hardware choices when very high transaction volumes are not an issue.
We manage a large data network interconnecting customers around the globe. We partner with key global network suppliers to deliver a range of network options to match our diverse customer base. The network solutions are optimized for the location, capacity, reliability and business goals of the customer. We offer two categories of IP-based network solutions. The first leverages the Internet to provide a low cost, high value solution, and the second provides customers with a private managed frame relay network to allow predictable capacity, high availability and security.
We have designed and implemented our Internet network to assure the availability of this strategic connection to the travel marketplace. Our connection to the Internet is maintained through AT&T, SITA and Uninet S.A. de C.V. We use Internet connectivity to provide solutions for internal corporate access, business partner connections and consumer access to both Worldspan hosted and branded Internet products and services.
We have been a leader in adopting Internet protocol, or IP, networks to support our growth and lower our costs. Through partnerships with global network providers, our customers are able to manage capacity and security issues via standard, open IP-based technologies. We utilize two primary network providers (AT&T and SITA) to provide a frame relay network to connect customers to our data center.
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AT&T provides services for the North American market, except for Mexico where Uninet provides coverage, and SITA provides services in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. In some smaller markets local providers provide network services to our customers.
Employees
On December 31, 2004, we had a worldwide staff of about 2,196 employees. Of these, about 1,087 were located at our headquarters and data center in Atlanta, Georgia and about 519 were located in Kansas City, Missouri. Other larger employee facilities include an office in London, England with about 150 employees, an office in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida with about 70 employees, and an office in Mexico City, Mexico with about 50 employees. The balance of the employees are located in smaller facilities in Europe, South America, the Middle East and Asia or are based in field locations or work out of their homes.
Our employees perform a large number of functions including applications and systems programming, data center and telecommunications operations and support, marketing, sales, customer training and support, finance, human resources, and administration. We have organized our employees into the following seven worldwide areas, each with the approximate number of employees as of December 31, 2004: Product Solutions841 employees; Technical Operations373 employees; Travel Distribution607 employees; Corporate Planning and Development47 employees; Finance144 employees; e-Commerce and Product Planning117 employees; and Legal and Human Resources67 employees. We consider our current employee relations to be good. None of our employees is represented by a labor union.
GDS Industry Regulation
GDSs have been, or currently are regulated by the U.S., the European Union ("E.U.") and other countries in which we operate. The U.S. Department of Transportation ("DOT") and the European Commission ("EC") are the principal relevant regulatory authorities in the U.S. and the E.U., respectively. Most of the regulating bodies have reexamined or are reexamining their GDS regulations and appear to be moving toward deregulation.
Until July 31, 2004, DOT rules governed certain conduct of GDSs. On January 31, 2004, most DOT rules governing GDSs terminated. The remaining GDS rules terminated on July 31, 2004. Although the DOT's GDS rules have terminated, the DOT continues to assert statutory jurisdiction over GDSs.
E.U. regulations continue to address the participation of airline GDS owners in other GDSs. In general, these rules are directed at regulating competitive practices in the E.U.'s electronic travel distribution marketplace. Among the major principles generally addressed in the current E.U. regulations are:
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The EC has begun the process of reviewing the GDS regulations for possible changes, including eliminating some or all of these regulations. The EC has not yet published any proposed new GDS regulations, and it is unknown when or if the EC may issue proposed and/or final regulations or what form they may take.
There are also GDS regulations in Canada, under the regulatory authority of the Canadian Department of Transport. On April 27, 2004, a significant number of these regulations were lifted. Amendments to the rules include:
In the rule-making process leading up to these amendments, we advocated for complete deregulation of the GDS industry in Canada.
GDS regulations also exist in Peru and there is a possibility of additional regulation in other jurisdictions. Several countries have examined or are examining, the possibility of GDS regulation including Brazil, Australia, and some Middle Eastern countries.
Other Regulation
There also exists privacy and data protection legislation in numerous jurisdictions around the world, including the E.U. through its Data Protection Directive (and implementing statutes of this Directive in the E.U. Member States). This legislation is intended to protect the privacy of personal data that is collected, processed and transmitted in or from the governing jurisdiction. Enforcement takes place under the force of national legislation of the E.U. Member States. In addition, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, government agencies have been contemplating or developing initiatives to enhance national and aviation security, including the Transportation Security Administration's Secure Flight Program. These initiatives may result in conflicting legal requirements with respect to data handling. As privacy and data protection has become a more sensitive issue, we may also incur legal defense costs and become exposed to potential liabilities as a result of differing views on the privacy of travel data. Travel businesses have also been subjected to investigations, lawsuits and adverse publicity due to allegedly improper disclosure of passenger information. It is expected that our business will continue to be impacted by privacy and data protection legislation.
We may be impacted by regulations affecting issues such as exports of technology, telecommunications and electronic commerce. Some portions of our business, such as our Internet-based travel marketing and distribution, may be affected if regulations are adopted in these areas. Any such regulations may vary among jurisdictions. We believe that we are capable of addressing these regulatory issues as they arise.
In addition, we are subject to a broad range of federal, foreign, state and local laws and regulations relating to the pollution and protection of the environment, health and safety and labor. Based on continuing internal review and advice from independent consultants, we believe that we are
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currently in substantial compliance with applicable environmental requirements and health and safety and labor laws. We do not currently anticipate any material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition or competitive position as a result of our efforts to comply with environmental requirements.
Intellectual Property Rights
We use software, business processes and other proprietary information to carry out our business. These assets and related copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, patents and intellectual property rights are significant assets of our business. We rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret, trademark and patent laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect these assets. Our software and related documentation, including our proprietary TPF applications, are protected under trade secret and copyright laws where appropriate. We also seek statutory and common law protection of our trademarks, such as Worldspan, where appropriate. In addition, we are seeking patent protection for key technology and business processes of our business. The laws of some foreign jurisdictions provide less protection than the laws of the United States for our proprietary rights. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on us and there can be no assurance that our legal remedies would adequately compensate us for the damages to our business caused by such use.
We rely on a number of third-party and jointly developed software licenses which are material to our business. These include the TPF operating system software that we license from IBM and that supports our core GDS technology. The IBM license expires in June 2008. In addition, we developed e-Pricing® jointly with Expedia and share intellectual property rights in this application.
The estimated amount spent on company-sponsored research and development activities was $7.2 million, $9.5 million and $10.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The estimated amount spent on customer-sponsored research and development activities was $4.8 million, $5.0 million and $5.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Availability of Reports and Other Information
Our Internet website address is www.worldspan.com. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are accessible free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file those documents with, or otherwise furnish them to, the SEC.
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As further described herein, our performance and financial results are subject to risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, the following specific risks:
Risks Relating to Our Business
Dependence on the Travel Industry in General and the Airline Industry in ParticularOur revenues are highly dependent on the travel industry, and particularly on the airlines, and a substantial decrease in travel bookings could adversely affect our electronic travel distribution revenues.
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from airlines, hotel operators, car rental companies and other suppliers in the travel industry. Our revenues increase and decrease with the level of travel activity and are therefore highly subject to declines in or disruptions to travel. In particular, because a significant portion of our revenues are derived from transaction fees generated by airline bookings and airline outsourcing services, our revenues and earnings are especially sensitive to events that affect airline travel, the airlines that participate in our GDS and the airlines that obtain travel information technology services from us. Our business could also be adversely affected by a reduction in bookings on the airlines that participate in our GDS as a result of those airlines losing business for other reasons, including losing market share to other airlines, such as low-cost carriers, that do not participate in our GDS. In addition, travel expenditures are seasonal and are sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels and tend to decline during general economic downturns, which could also reduce our revenues and profits.
The downturn in the commercial airline market, together with the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the global economic downturn, SARS and the war and continuing conflict in Iraq, have adversely affected the financial condition of many commercial airlines and other travel suppliers. Several major airlines are experiencing liquidity problems, some have sought bankruptcy protection and still others may consider bankruptcy relief. A substantial portion of our revenues is derived from transaction fees received directly from airlines and from the sale of products and services directly to airlines. If an airline declared bankruptcy, we may be unable to collect our outstanding accounts receivable from the airline. In addition, the bankruptcy of the airline might result in reduced transaction fees and other revenues from the airline or a rejection by the airline of some or all of our agreements with it, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Susceptibility to Terrorism and WarActs of terrorism and war could have an adverse effect on the travel industry, which in turn could adversely affect our electronic travel distribution revenues.
Travel is sensitive to safety and security concerns, and thus declines after occurrences of, and fears of future incidents of, terrorism and hostilities that affect the safety, security and confidence of travelers. For example, the start of the war in Iraq in March 2003 and the continuing conflict there and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which included attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon using hijacked commercial aircraft, resulted in the cancellation of a significant number of flights and travel bookings and a decrease in new travel bookings. Future revenues may be reduced by similar and/or other acts of terrorism or war. The effects of these events could include, among other things, a protracted decrease in demand for air travel due to fears regarding additional acts of terrorism, military and governmental responses to acts of terrorism and a perceived inconvenience in traveling by air and increased costs and reduced operations by airlines due, in part, to new safety and security directives adopted by the Federal Aviation Administration or other governmental agencies. As an example, escalation of the U.S. Government's terrorist security alert level to code orange or higher may adversely impact demand for air travel. These effects, depending on their scope and duration, which we cannot predict, could significantly impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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CompetitionWe operate in highly competitive markets, and we may not be able to compete effectively.
In our electronic travel distribution segment, we compete primarily against other large and well-established GDSs, including those operated by Amadeus, Galileo and Sabre, each of which may have greater financial, technical and other resources than we have. These greater resources may allow our competitors to better finance more strategic transactions and more research and development than us and it could allow them to offer more or better products and services for less than we can. Competition among GDSs to attract and retain travel agencies is intense. In competitive markets, we and other GDSs offer discounts, incentive payments and other inducements to travel agencies if productivity or transaction volume growth targets are achieved. In order to compete effectively, we may need to increase inducements, increase spending on marketing or product development, make significant investments to purchase strategic assets or take other costly actions. Although expansion of the use of these inducements could adversely affect our profitability, our failure to continue to provide inducements could result in the loss of some travel agency customers. If we were to lose a significant portion of our current base of travel agencies to a competing GDS or if we were forced to increase the amounts of these inducements significantly, our electronic travel distribution revenues, inducement expense and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, we face competition in the travel agency market from travel suppliers and new types of travel distribution companies that seek to bypass GDSs and distribute directly to travel agencies or consumers.
In our information technology services segment, there are several organizations offering internal reservation system and related technology services to the airlines, with our main competitors being Amadeus, EDS, Navitaire, Sabre and Unisys/SITA. This segment is highly competitive and the competitors are highly aggressive. If we cannot compete effectively to keep and grow this segment of business, we risk losing customers and economies of scale which could have a negative impact on our information technology services revenues.
Factors affecting the competitive success of GDSs include the timeliness, reliability and scope of the information offered, the reliability and ease of use of the GDS, the fees charged and inducements paid to travel agencies, the transaction fees charged to travel suppliers and the range of products and services available to travel suppliers and travel agencies. We believe that we compete effectively with respect to each of these factors. In addition, deregulation of the GDS industry in the U.S. will likely increase competition between the GDSs. Increased competition could require us to increase spending on marketing or product development, decrease our transaction fees and other revenues, increase inducement payments or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Travel Supplier Cost SavingsTravel supplier cost savings efforts may shift business away from us or cause us to reduce the fees we charge to suppliers or increase the inducements we offer to travel agencies, thereby adversely affecting our electronic travel distribution revenues and inducement expense.
Travel suppliers, particularly airlines, are aggressively seeking ways to reduce distribution costs and, through the use of the Internet and otherwise, are seeking to decrease their reliance on global distribution systems including us. Travel suppliers have increasingly been providing direct access to their inventory through their own websites through travel agencies and through travel supplier joint ventures, which potentially bypass GDSs. See the section captioned "Risk FactorsCompetitionWe operate in highly competitive markets, and we may not be able to compete effectively" under this Item 1 for further information. Some of these travel suppliers offer lower prices when their products and services are purchased directly from these supplier-related distribution channels. These lower prices are not always available to us. Some of these travel suppliers are also not providing their lowest fares to GDSs unless the GDS provides them with lower transaction fees. These practices may have the effect of diverting customers away from us to other distribution channels, including websites, or of forcing us to reduce our transaction fees, which could have a material adverse effect on our electronic travel
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distribution revenues, inducement expense and financial condition. Moreover, consolidation among travel suppliers, including airline mergers and alliances, may increase competition from these supplier-related distribution channels. In addition, some travel suppliers have reduced or eliminated commissions paid to both traditional and online travel agencies. The reduction or loss of commissions may cause travel agencies to become more dependent on other sources of revenues, such as traveler-paid service fees and GDS-paid inducements. We may have to increase inducement payments or incur other expenses in order to compete for travel agency business.
Fare Content AgreementsOur efforts to obtain more comprehensive content through airline fare content agreements may cause downward pressure on pricing and adversely affect our electronic travel distribution revenues.
Some airlines have differentiated the fare content that they provide to us and to our GDS competitors. Some fare content has been provided to GDSs at no additional charge under standard participation agreements, and other content, such as web fares, has been withheld unless the GDS agrees to provide discounts, payments or other benefits to the airline. We have entered into fare content agreements with American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta, Northwest, United Air Lines and US Airways. Generally, in these agreements, the airlines commit (subject to the exceptions contained in the agreements) to provide traditional and online travel agencies covered by the agreements in the territories covered by the agreements with substantially the same fare content (including web fares) it provides to the travel agencies of other GDSs in exchange for payments from us and/or discounts to transaction fees to each airline and subject to us keeping steady the average transaction fees paid by each airline for travel agency bookings in the territories covered by the agreements. Further, we have executed a three-year fare content agreement with British Airways to provide access to virtually all of their published fares (including web fares) to some of our U.K. travel agencies. We believe that obtaining similar fare content from other major airline travel suppliers is important to our ability to compete, since other GDSs have also entered into fare content agreements with various airlines. Consequently, we are pursuing agreements similar to these fare content agreements with some other major airlines. We expect that our fare content agreements will require us to make, in the aggregate, significant payments or other concessions to the participating airlines which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in the future, including during the next three-year period. In addition, our fare content agreements are subject to several conditions, exceptions, term limitations and termination rights. There is no guarantee that the participating airlines will continue to provide their fare content to us to the same extent as they do at the current time. The loss or substantial reduction in the amount of fare content received from the participating airlines could negatively affect our electronic travel distribution revenues and financial condition.
Dependence on a Small Number of AirlinesWe depend on a relatively small number of airlines for a significant portion of our revenues and the loss of any of our major airline relationships would harm our revenues.
We depend on a relatively small number of airlines for a significant portion of our revenues. Our five and ten largest airline relationships represented an aggregate of approximately 51% and 64%, respectively, of our total 2004 revenues. In 2003, our five largest airline relationships represented an aggregate of approximately 54% of revenues, down from 55% in 2002, while our ten largest airline relationships represented an aggregate of approximately 66% of our total 2003 revenues, down from 67% in 2002. Our five largest airline relationships by total revenue in 2004 were with Delta, Northwest, United Air Lines, American Airlines and US Airways, representing 18%, 11%, 10%, 9% and 5% of our total 2004 revenues, respectively. In 2003, these carriers accounted for 19%, 12%, 9%, 8% and 5%, respectively. We expect to continue to depend upon a relatively small number of airlines for a significant portion of our revenues. In addition, although we expect to continue our relationships with these airlines, our airline contracts can be terminated on short notice. Because our major airline relationships represent such a large part of our business, the loss of any of our major airline relationships, including due to the bankruptcy of an airline, could have a material negative impact on our revenues and financial condition.
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Dependence on a Small Number of Online Travel AgenciesWe are highly dependent on a small number of large online travel agencies, and the success of our business depends on continuing these relationships and the continued growth of online travel commerce.
In 2004, Expedia, Hotwire, Orbitz and Priceline represented approximately 48% of our total transactions, with Expedia representing over 28% of our total transactions and Orbitz representing over 10% of our total transactions. If we were to lose and not replace the transactions generated by any of our material online travel agencies, our electronic travel distribution revenues and financial condition would be materially adversely impacted. In addition, if other online travel agencies become more successful or new online travel agencies emerge and we lose online transaction volumes as a result, our electronic travel distribution revenues and financial condition (including the carrying value of certain intangibles) could be materially adversely impacted. See the section captioned "Uncertainty in Transaction Volumes from Online Travel Agencies" under "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for further information.
While we have long-term contracts with Expedia, Orbitz and Priceline, these agencies have a variety of termination rights and other rights to reduce their business with us. Hotwire has the right to terminate its contract with us for any reason on 90 days advance notice. Expedia has the right to renegotiate the inducements payable to it by us every three years, and it can terminate its contract with us if we cannot reach an agreement on inducements. Expedia announced in May 2004 that it intends to diversify its GDS relationships beyond using a single provider to process substantially all of its GDS transactions and that it intends to move a portion of its transactions to another GDS provider. Expedia has not specified the volumes or percentages of volumes it intends to process through this other GDS. To date, the anticipated movement of Expedia's transactions has not occurred and, at this time, we cannot forecast the timing or magnitude of any such movement on our financial position or results of operations. Further, Cendant Corporation recently acquired Orbitz. Cendant's Travel Distribution Services Division includes Galileo, which is a competitor of ours. Orbitz is one of our largest online travel agency customers. Our contract with Orbitz extends into 2011 subject to standard termination rights held by Orbitz including for-cause termination rights. Although we currently continue to operate under these agreements, we cannot assure you that any travel agency will not attempt to terminate its agreement with us or otherwise move business to another GDS in the future. Any such termination or a significant reduction in transaction volumes would have a material adverse effect on our electronic travel distribution revenues and financial condition (including the carrying value of certain intangibles).
In addition, our growth strategy relies on the continuing growth in the travel industry of the Internet as a distribution channel. If consumers do not book significantly more travel online than they currently do today and if the use of the Internet as a medium of commerce for travel bookings does not continue to grow or grows more slowly than expected, our revenues and profit may be adversely affected. Consumers have historically relied on traditional travel agencies and travel suppliers and are accustomed to a high degree of human interaction in purchasing travel products and services. The growth of our business is dependent on the number of consumers who use the Internet to make travel bookings increasing significantly.
Relationships with our Founding AirlinesA significant portion of our current revenues are attributable to our founding airlines, and there is no guarantee that these airlines will continue to use our services to the same extent that they did when they owned us or that they will not indirectly compete with us.
Each of American Airlines, Delta and Northwest has important commercial relations with us. In 2004, revenues received from our founding airlines represented, in the aggregate, approximately 37% of our total revenues. Approximately 85% of this revenue was from transaction fees and the balance was derived from information technology services provided to Delta and Northwest. Delta is the largest single travel supplier utilizing our GDS, as measured by transaction fee revenues, generating transaction fees that accounted for approximately 18% of our 2004 revenue, while Northwest and
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American Airlines represent approximately 11% and 9%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2004. In addition, approximately 78% of our information technology services revenues, which represented approximately 7% of our total revenues in 2004, are derived from providing processing, software development and other services to Delta and Northwest. Although we believe that each founding airline will continue to distribute its travel services through our GDS and that Delta and Northwest will continue to use our information technology services, there is no guarantee that our founding airlines will continue to use these services to the same extent as they did prior to the Acquisition or at all. In addition, although we have entered into noncompetition agreements with our founding airlines and each has agreed not to operate a GDS for three years after the Acquisition, there is no guarantee that our founding airlines will not indirectly compete with us in some or all of our markets, such as through supplier direct connections which could bypass our GDS. The loss or substantial reduction of fees from any of our founding airlines, or direct or indirect competition from any of our founding airlines, could negatively affect our revenues, inducement expense and financial condition.
For instance, in March 2004, Delta notified us that our GDS transaction fee pricing did not satisfy the conditions of our marketing support agreement with Delta. Delta indicated that, until we modify our GDS transaction fee pricing, it would suspend marketing support of us and the discount that Delta has provided to us for business travel. We have subsequently resolved the GDS transaction fee pricing issue and restored Delta's marketing support and the business travel discount. In addition, in January 2005, Northwest notified us that our transaction fee pricing did not satisfy the conditions of our marketing support agreement with Northwest. Northwest indicated that until we modify our GDS transaction fee pricing, it would suspend its support of our sales and marketing efforts in the United States and a program in which Northwest provides discounted airline tickets for our use in conjunction with our sales activities. We notified Northwest that we disputed its position, and were ultimately able to work with Northwest to review the relevant data and resolve the issues. We do not believe that these actions will have a materially adverse impact to our business, financial condition and results of operations.
FASA CreditsThe FASA credits and FASA credit payments owed under the FASAs may continue despite a significant reduction in or termination of FASA revenues.
Pursuant to our founder airline services agreements, or FASAs, with each of Delta and Northwest, we are obligated to provide monthly FASA credits to Delta and Northwest to be applied against FASA service fee payments due from those airlines to us. The FASA credits are structured and will be applied through June 2012 in an amount up to an aggregate of approximately $100.0 million to each of Delta and Northwest as of December 31, 2004. Our obligations to provide these FASA credits to Delta and Northwest may continue despite a significant reduction in service fee payments from Delta or Northwest under the FASAs, as applicable. For instance, if Delta or Northwest reduces or ceases operations in a way that reduces or eliminates the amount of airline services the airline obtains from us under its FASA, our FASA credit obligations will remain, although its failure to comply with its software development minimum and exclusivity obligations will constitute a breach of its agreement. In the event that the monthly FASA credits deliverable by us to Delta or Northwest are more than the FASA service fee payments due from the applicable airline, then we will be obligated to pay such excess to such airline in cash. In addition, if we terminate a FASA other than as expressly permitted by the agreement, then we will be obligated to provide the scheduled FASA credits to the applicable airline by way of a monthly cash payment rather than applying the FASA credits against FASA service fee payments due from the airline. As a result, there could be a significant reduction in the revenues we receive from Delta and/or Northwest under the FASAs while our obligations to provide FASA credits and make FASA credit payments to Delta and/or Northwest, as applicable, would continue without interruption.
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In addition, Delta or Northwest may terminate its FASA due to our failure to satisfy the mainframe processing time, system availability or critical production data performance standards under that agreement. Furthermore, such a termination by Delta or Northwest of its FASA would constitute a default under our "new senior credit facility" (as defined hereafter) and may constitute a default under any other of our future senior credit facilities. If an event of default occurs, our lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under our new senior credit facilities and any of our future credit facilities to be immediately due, and the lenders thereafter could foreclose upon the assets securing our senior credit facilities. In that event, we cannot assure you that we would have sufficient assets to repay all of our obligations, including our "old senior notes" and "new senior secured notes" (both as defined hereafter) and the related guarantees. If the event of default is waived by the applicable lenders under our senior credit facilities or our senior credit facilities are no longer outstanding, the remaining portion of the FASA credits deliverable by us to the terminating airline will not be provided according to the nine year schedule and will instead be payable in cash to the terminating airline as and when, and only to the extent that, we are permitted to make such payments as "Restricted Payments" under the restricted payment covenant test contained in the indenture governing our senior secured notes. In such a circumstance, we will be required to make FASA credit payments to a terminating airline at a time when such airline is no longer paying FASA service fees to us. Although we have historically satisfied the relevant FASA performance standards under our predecessor services agreements with Delta and Northwest, we cannot assure you that we will continue to satisfy those standards and that the FASAs will not be terminated by Delta or Northwest. A termination of one or both of the FASAs under any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For further discussion of the terms of the FASAs, see the section captioned "Liquidity and Capital Resources" under "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Critical SystemsOur systems may suffer failures, capacity constraints and business interruptions, which could increase our operating costs, decrease our revenues and cause us to lose customers.
The reliability of our GDS is critical to the success of our business. Much of our computer and communications hardware is located in a single data center located near Atlanta, Georgia. Our systems might be damaged or interrupted by fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, physical or electronic break-ins, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, war or similar events. Computer malfunctions, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions might cause system interruptions and delays and loss of critical data and could significantly diminish our reputation and brand name and prevent us from providing services. Although we believe we have taken adequate steps to address these risks, we could be harmed by outages in, or unreliability of, the data center or computer systems.
In addition, we rely on several communications services companies in the United States and internationally to provide network connections between our data center and our travel agencies' access terminals and also our travel suppliers. In particular, we rely upon AT&T and SITA, which is owned by a consortium of airlines and other travel-related businesses, to maintain our data communications and to provide network services in the United States and in many countries served by us. We occasionally experience network interruptions and malfunctions that make our global distribution system or other data processing services unavailable or less usable. Any significant failure or inability of AT&T, SITA or other communications companies to provide and maintain network access could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, operating costs and financial condition.
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Protection of TechnologyWe may not protect our technology effectively, which would allow competitors to duplicate our products and services. This could make it more difficult for us to compete with them.
Our success and ability to compete depend, in part, upon our technology. Among our significant assets are our software and other proprietary information and intellectual property rights. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and patent laws, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect these assets. Our software and related documentation, however, are protected principally under trade secret and copyright laws, which afford only limited protection, and the laws of some foreign jurisdictions provide less protection for our proprietary rights than the laws of the United States. Unauthorized use and misuse of our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and there can be no assurance that our legal remedies would adequately compensate us for the damages caused by unauthorized use.
In addition, licenses for a number of software products have been granted to us. Some of these licenses, individually and in the aggregate, are material to our business. Although we believe that the risk that we will lose any material license is remote, any loss could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and financial condition.
Intellectual PropertyOur products and services may infringe on claims of intellectual property rights of third parties, which could adversely affect our revenues and increase our legal costs.
We do not believe that any of our products, services or activities infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties in any material respect. There can be no assurance, however, that third parties will not claim infringement by us with respect to current or future products, services or activities. Any infringement claim, with or without merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and financial resources, and a successful claim could effectively block our ability to use or license products and services in the United States or abroad or cost us money. Any infringement claim, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and increase our legal costs.
Technological ChangeRapid technological changes may render our technology obsolete or decrease the attractiveness of our products and services to customers.
Our industry is subject to rapid technological change as travel suppliers, travel agencies and competitors create new and innovative products and services. Our ability to compete in our business and our future results will depend, in part, upon our ability to make timely, innovative and cost-effective enhancements and additions to our technology and to introduce new products and services that meet the demands of travel suppliers, travel agencies and other customers. The success of new products and services depends on several factors, including:
In addition, maintaining the flexibility to respond to technological and market changes may require substantial expenditures and lead time. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify and develop new products or services in a timely manner, that products, technologies or services developed by others will not render our offerings obsolete or noncompetitive or that the technologies in which we focus our research and development investments will achieve acc