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LEHMAN BROTHERS HOLDINGS INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
LEHMAN BROTHERS HOLDINGS INC.
LEHMAN BROTHERS HOLDINGS INC. and SUBSIDIARIES INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
| (Mark One) | |
ý |
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004 |
OR |
|
o |
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 1-9466
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
13-3216325 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
|
745 Seventh Avenue New York, New York (Address of principal executive offices) |
10019 (Zip Code) |
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Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (212) 526-7000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |
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| Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
|
|---|---|---|
| Common Stock, $.10 par value | New York Stock Exchange Pacific Exchange |
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| Depositary Shares representing 5.94% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series C | New York Stock Exchange | |
| Depositary Shares representing 5.67% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D | New York Stock Exchange | |
| Depositary Shares representing Fixed/Adjustable Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E | New York Stock Exchange | |
| Depositary Shares representing 6.50% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F | New York Stock Exchange | |
| Depositary Shares representing Floating Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G | New York Stock Exchange | |
| 6.375% Trust Preferred Securities, Series K, of Subsidiary Trust (and Registrant's guarantee thereof) | New York Stock Exchange | |
| 6.375% Trust Preferred Securities, Series L, of Subsidiary Trust (and Registrant's guarantee thereof) | New York Stock Exchange | |
| 6.00% Trust Preferred Securities, Series M, of Subsidiary Trust (and Registrant's guarantee thereof) | New York Stock Exchange | |
| 6.24% Trust Preferred Securities, Series N, of Subsidiary Trust (and Registrant's guarantee thereof) | New York Stock Exchange | |
| Guarantee by Registrant of 7 5/8% Notes due 2006 of Lehman Brothers Inc. | New York Stock Exchange | |
| Dow Jones Industrial Average 112.5% Minimum Redemption PrincipalPlus Stock Upside Note Securities Due August 5, 2007 | American Stock Exchange | |
| Dow Jones Industrial Average Stock Upside Note Securities Due April 29, 2010 | American Stock Exchange | |
| Index-Plus Notes Due September 28, 2009, Performance Linked to S&P 500® Index (SPX) | American Stock Exchange | |
| Index-Plus Notes Due December 23, 2009, Performance Linked to the Russell 2000® INDEX (RTY) | American Stock Exchange | |
| Nasdaq-100 Index Rebound Risk Adjusting Equity Range Securities Notes Due May 20, 2007 | American Stock Exchange | |
| Nasdaq-100 Index Rebound Risk AdjustiNG Equity Range Securities Notes Due June 7, 2008 | American Stock Exchange | |
| Nikkei 225 Index Stock Upside Note Securities Due June 10, 2010 | American Stock Exchange | |
| Notes Due November 14, 2007-Performance Linked to Pfizer Inc. (PFE) Common Stock | American Stock Exchange | |
| 0.25% Notes Due December 6, 2011, Performance Linked to a Basket of Two Healthcare Stocks | American Stock Exchange | |
| Prudential Research Universe Diversified Equity Notes Due July 2, 2006, Linked to a Basket of Healthcare Stocks | American Stock Exchange | |
| 15.10% Risk AdjustiNG Equity Range Securities Due March 10, 2005, Performance Linked to Gold Fields Limited (GFI) American Depository Shares | American Stock Exchange | |
| 10.85% Risk AdjustiNG Equity Range Securities Due April 14, 2005, Performance Linked to Nokia Corporation (NOK) American Depository Shares | American Stock Exchange | |
| 17.00% Risk AdjustiNG Equity Range Securities Due February 24, 2005, Performance Linked to Advanced Digital Information Corporation (ADIC) Common Stock | American Stock Exchange | |
| S&P 500 Index Stock Upside Note Securities Due April 30, 2005 | American Stock Exchange | |
| S&P 500 Index Stock Upside Note Securities Due December 26, 2006 | American Stock Exchange | |
| S&P 500 Index Stock Upside Note Securities Due February 5, 2007 | American Stock Exchange | |
| S&P 500 Index Stock Upside Note Securities Due September 27, 2007 | American Stock Exchange | |
| S&P 500 Index Stock Upside Note Securities Due August 5, 2008 | American Stock Exchange | |
| S&P 500 Index Callable Stock Upside Note Securities Due November 6, 2009 | American Stock Exchange | |
| 10 Uncommon Values Index Stock Upside Note Securities Notes Due July 2, 2005 | American Stock Exchange | |
| 6% Yield Enhanced Equity Linked Debt Securities Due May 25, 2005, Performance Linked to LSI Logic Corporation (LSI) Common Stock | American Stock Exchange | |
| 7.5% Yield Enhanced Equity Linked Debt Securities Due September 3, 2005, Performance Linked to Calpine Corporation (CPN) Common Stock | American Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ý No o
The aggregate market value of the voting and nonvoting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant at May 28, 2004 (the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was approximately $20,027,462,000. As of that date, 264,738,433 shares of the Registrant's common stock, $0.10 par value per share, were held by non-affiliates. For purposes of this information, the outstanding shares of common stock that were and that may be deemed to have been beneficially owned by directors and executive officers of the Registrant were deemed to be shares of common stock held by affiliates at that date.
As of January 31, 2005, 276,202,636 shares of the Registrant's common stock, $.10 par value per share, were issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.'s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") are incorporated in Part III.
LEHMAN BROTHERS HOLDINGS INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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|---|---|---|---|
| Available Information | |||
Part I |
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| Item 1. | Business | ||
| Item 2. | Properties | ||
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | ||
| Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | ||
Part II |
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| Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | ||
| Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | ||
| Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | ||
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | ||
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | ||
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | ||
| Item 9B. | Other Information | ||
Part III |
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| Item 10. | Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant | ||
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | ||
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | ||
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | ||
| Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | ||
Part IV |
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| Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | ||
Signatures |
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Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule |
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Schedule ICondensed Financial Information of Registrant |
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Exhibit Index |
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Exhibits |
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1
LEHMAN BROTHERS HOLDINGS INC.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. ("Holdings") files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). You may read and copy any document Holdings files with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549, U.S.A. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 (or 1-202-942-8090). The SEC maintains an internet site that contains annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Holdings' electronic SEC filings are available to the public at http://www.sec.gov.
Holdings' public internet site is http://www.lehman.com. Holdings makes available free of charge through its internet site, via a link to the SEC's internet site at http://www.sec.gov, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. Holdings also makes available through its internet site, via a link to the SEC's internet site, statements of beneficial ownership of Holdings' equity securities filed by its directors, officers, 10% or greater shareholders and others under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
In addition, Holdings currently makes available on http://www.lehman.com its most recent annual report on Form 10-K, its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the current fiscal year, its most recent proxy statement and its most recent annual report to stockholders, although in some cases these documents are not available on that site as soon as they are available on the SEC's site.
Holdings also makes available on http://www.lehman.com (i) its Corporate Governance Guidelines, (ii) its Code of Ethics (including any waivers therefrom granted to executive officers or directors), and (iii) the charters of the Audit, Compensation and Benefits, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees of its Board of Directors. These documents are also available in print without charge to any person who requests them by writing or telephoning:
Lehman
Brothers Holdings Inc.
Office of the Corporate Secretary
399 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022, U.S.A.
(212) 526-0858
In order to view and print the documents referred to above on Holdings' internet site, which are in the PDF format, you will need to have installed on your computer the Adobe Acrobat Reader software. If you do not have Adobe Acrobat, a link to Adobe Systems Incorporated's internet site, from which you can download the software, is provided.
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As used herein, "Holdings" or the "Registrant" means Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, incorporated on December 29, 1983. Holdings and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the "Company," "Lehman Brothers," "we," "us" or "our". Our executive offices are located at 745 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, U.S.A., and our telephone number is (212) 526-7000.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements contained or incorporated by reference in this Report, including those relating to the Company's strategy and other statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates" and similar expressions, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These statements are not historical facts but instead represent only management's expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, which may include, but are not limited to, the factors listed in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCertain Factors Affecting Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7, of this Report.
As a global investment bank, our results of operations have varied significantly in response to global economic and market trends and geopolitical events. The nature of our business makes predicting the future trends of revenues or financial condition difficult. Caution should be used when extrapolating historical results to future periods. Our actual results and financial condition may differ, perhaps materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition in any forward-looking statements and, accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
LEHMAN BROTHERS
Lehman Brothers, an innovator in global finance, serves the financial needs of corporations, governments and municipalities, institutional clients and individuals worldwide. We provide a full array of equities and fixed income sales, trading and research, investment banking services and investment management and advisory services. Our global headquarters in New York and regional headquarters in London and Tokyo are complemented by offices in additional locations in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Latin America and the Asia Pacific region. The Firm, through predecessor entities, was founded in 1850.
Through our subsidiaries, we are a global market-maker in all major equity and fixed income products. To facilitate our market-making activities, we are a member of all principal securities and commodities exchanges in the United States, as well as NASD, Inc., and we hold memberships or associate memberships on several principal international securities and commodities exchanges, including the London, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Frankfurt, Paris, Milan and Australian stock exchanges.
Our principal business activities are investment banking, capital markets and investment management. Through our investment banking, trading, research, structuring and distribution capabilities in equity and fixed income products, we continue to build on our customer flow business model, which is based on our principal focus of facilitating client transactions in all major global capital markets products and services. We generate customer flow revenues from institutional, corporate, government and high-net-worth customers by (i) advising on and structuring transactions specifically
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suited to meet client needs; (ii) serving as a market maker and/or intermediary in the global marketplace, including having securities and other financial instrument products available to allow clients to rebalance their portfolios and diversify risks across different market cycles; (iii) providing investment management and advisory services; and (iv) acting as an underwriter to clients. As part of our customer flow activities, we maintain inventory positions of varying amounts across a broad range of financial instruments. In addition, we also take proprietary investment positions, the success of which is dependent on our ability to anticipate economic and market trends. The financial services industry is significantly influenced by worldwide economic conditions as well as other factors inherent in the global financial markets. As a result, revenues and earnings may vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year. We believe our customer flow orientation helps to mitigate overall revenue volatility.
We operate in three business segments (each of which is described below): Investment Banking, Capital Markets and Investment Management. Financial information concerning the Company for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2004, 2003 and 2002, including the amount of net revenues contributed by each segment in such periods, is set forth in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8, of this Report. Information with respect to our operations by business segment and net revenues by geographic area is set forth under the captions "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsBusiness Segments" and "Geographic Diversification" in Part II, Item 7, of this Report, and in Note 21 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, of this Report.
We are engaged primarily in providing financial services. Other businesses in which we are engaged represent less than 10 percent of each of consolidated assets, revenues and pre-tax income.
Investment Banking
The Investment Banking business segment provides advice to corporate, institutional and government clients throughout the world on mergers, acquisitions and other financial matters. Investment Banking also raises capital for clients by underwriting public and private offerings of debt and equity securities. Our Investment Banking professionals are responsible for developing and maintaining relationships with issuer clients, gaining a thorough understanding of their specific needs and bringing together the full resources of Lehman Brothers to accomplish their financial and strategic objectives.
Investment Banking is made up of Advisory Services and Global Finance and is organized into global industry, product and geographic coverage groups, enabling individual bankers to develop specific expertise in particular industries and markets. Industry coverage groups include Communications, Consumer/Retailing, Financial Institutions, Financial Sponsors, Healthcare, Industrial, Media, Natural Resources, Power, Real Estate and Technology. Specialized product groups within Advisory Services and Global Finance are partnered with relationship managers in the global industry groups to provide comprehensive solutions for clients. Advisory Services consists of Mergers & Acquisitions and Restructuring. Global Finance encompasses Equity Capital Markets (which consists of equity and equity-related securities and derivatives), Debt Capital Markets (which incorporates expertise in syndicate, liability management, derivatives and bank loan syndication), Leveraged Finance and Private Placements. Specialists in product development, foreign exchange and derivatives also are engaged to tailor specific structures for customers.
Lehman Brothers maintains investment banking offices in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Latin America and the Asia Pacific region.
The high degree of integration among our industry, product and geographic groups has allowed us to become a leading source of one-stop financial solutions for our global clients.
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Mergers & Acquisitions. Lehman Brothers has a long history of providing strategic advisory services to corporate, institutional and government clients around the world on a wide range of financial matters, including mergers and acquisitions, spin-offs, targeted stock transactions, share repurchase strategies, government privatization programs, takeover defenses and other strategic advice.
Restructuring. Our Restructuring group provides full-service restructuring expertise on a global basis. The group provides advisory services to distressed companies, their creditors and potential purchasers, including providing out-of-court options for companies to avoid bankruptcy, helping companies and creditors move efficiently through the bankruptcy process and advising strategic and financial buyers on the unique challenges of buying distressed and bankrupt companies.
Underwriting. We are a leading underwriter of initial and other public offerings of equity and fixed income securities, including listed and over-the-counter securities, government and agency securities and mortgage- and asset-backed securities.
Leveraged Finance. Our global Leveraged Finance group provides comprehensive financing solutions for below-investment-grade clients across many industries through our high yield bond, leveraged loan, bridge financing and mezzanine debt products.
Private Placements. We have a dedicated Private Placement group focused on capital raising in the private equity and debt markets. Clients range from pre-IPO companies to well-established corporations that span many industries. The Private Placement group has experience in identifying sources, establishing structures and placing common stock, convertible preferred stock, subordinated debt and senior debt, as well as utilizing a variety of financing techniques, including mezzanine debt, securitizations, project financings and sale-leasebacks.
Capital Markets
The Capital Markets business segment includes institutional customer flow activities, prime brokerage, research, secondary-trading and financing activities in fixed income and equity products. These products include a wide range of cash, derivative, secured financing and structured instruments and investments. We are a leading global market-maker in numerous equity and fixed income products, including U.S., European and Asian equities, government and agency securities, money market products, corporate high grade, high yield and emerging market securities, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, real estate, preferred stock, municipal securities, bank loans, foreign exchange, financing and derivative products. We are one of the largest investment banks in terms of U.S. and pan-European listed equities trading volume and maintain a major presence in over-the-counter U.S. stocks, major Asian large capitalization stocks, warrants, convertible debentures and preferred issues. The Capital Markets segment also includes proprietary activities, such as investments in real estate as well as realized and unrealized gains and losses related to private equity investments. Lehman Brothers combines the skills from the sales, trading and research areas of our Equities and Fixed Income Capital Markets businesses to serve the financial needs of our clients and customers. This integrated approach enables us to structure and execute global transactions for clients and to provide worldwide liquidity in marketable securities.
Equities Capital Markets
The Equities Capital Markets business is responsible for our equities and equity-related operations and products worldwide. These products include listed and over-the-counter securities, American Depositary Receipts, convertibles, options, warrants and derivatives. We make markets in equity and equity-related securities and execute block trades on behalf of clients and customers. We participate in the global equity and equity-related markets in all major currencies through our worldwide presence
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and membership in major stock exchanges. Equities Capital Markets is composed of Execution Services and Leveraged Businesses.
Execution Services. Execution Services consists of our Single Stock cash trading and Program Trading businesses, which also includes Connectivity services. Single Stock trades are executed for clients in a conventional (calls to a sales person) or electronic fashion through external systems as well as our own LINKS platform. These trades can be executed manually or via algorithmic trading strategies based on client needs. Program Trading specializes in execution of trades on baskets of stocks which can be executed on an agency or risk basis, as well as "riskless" arbitrage, in which we seek to benefit from temporary price discrepancies that occur when a security or index is traded in two or more markets. We deliver global electronic Connectivity services to our clients, offering seamless electronic access to our trading desks and sources of liquidity around the world.
Leveraged Businesses. Leveraged Businesses include Volatility, Convertibles and Relative Value. Our global Volatility business offers equity derivative capabilities across a wide spectrum of products and currencies, including listed options and over-the-counter derivatives, to assist our customers in managing risk. The Convertibles business trades and makes markets in conventional and highly structured convertible securities. The Relative Value business includes our proprietary "risk" arbitrage activities, which involve the purchase of securities at discounts from the expected values that would be realized if certain proposed or anticipated corporate transactions (such as mergers, acquisitions, recapitalizations, exchange offers, reorganizations, bankruptcies, liquidations or spin-offs) were to occur, as well as facilitation of trades for clients who engage in these type of trading strategies.
Fixed Income Capital Markets
Lehman Brothers actively participates in key fixed income markets worldwide and maintains a 24-hour trading presence in global fixed income securities. We are a market-maker and participant in the new issue and secondary markets for a broad variety of fixed income securities. Fixed Income businesses include the following:
Government and Agency Obligations. Lehman Brothers is one of the leading primary dealers in U.S. government securities, participating in the underwriting of and market-making in U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities of federal agencies. We are also a market-maker in the government securities of all G7 countries, and participate in other major European and Asian government bond markets.
Corporate Debt Securities and Loans. We make markets in fixed and floating rate investment grade debt worldwide. We are also a major participant in the preferred stock market, managing numerous offerings of long-term and perpetual preferreds and auction rate securities.
High Yield Securities and Leveraged Bank Loans. We also make markets in non-investment grade debt securities and bank loans. Lehman Brothers provides "one-stop" leveraged financing solutions for corporate and financial acquirers and high yield issuers, including multi-tranche, multi-product acquisition financing. We are one of the leading investment banks in the syndication of leveraged loans.
Money Market Products. We hold leading market positions in the origination and distribution of medium-term notes and commercial paper. We are an appointed dealer or agent for numerous active commercial paper and medium-term note programs on behalf of companies and government agencies worldwide.
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities. We are a leading underwriter of and market-maker in residential and commercial mortgage-and asset-backed securities and are active in all areas of secured lending, structured finance and securitized products. We underwrite and make markets in the full range of U.S. agency-backed mortgage products, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and
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whole loan products. We are also a leader in the global market for residential and commercial mortgages (including multi-family financing) and leases. We originate commercial and residential mortgage loans through Lehman Brothers Bank, FSB, and other subsidiaries in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Lehman Brothers Bank offers traditional and online mortgage and banking services nationally to individuals as well as institutions and their customers. The Bank is a major part of the our institutional mortgage business, providing an origination pipeline for mortgages and mortgage-backed securities.
During 2004, we acquired three mortgage banking businesses. We believe these acquisitions will allow further vertical integration of the mortgage business platform. Mortgage loans originated by the acquired companies are intended to provide a more cost efficient source of loan product for our securitization pipeline. During 2004 we also sold our reverse mortgage provider.
Real Estate Investment. In addition to our lending activities, we invest in commercial and residential real estate in the form of joint venture equity investments as well as direct ownership interests. We have interests in several hundred properties throughout the world.
Municipal and Tax-Exempt Securities. Lehman Brothers is a major dealer in municipal and tax-exempt securities, including general obligation and revenue bonds, notes issued by states, counties, cities and state and local governmental agencies, municipal leases, tax-exempt commercial paper and put bonds.
Fixed Income Derivatives. We offer a broad range of interest rate- and credit-based derivative products and related services. Derivatives professionals are integrated into all of our Fixed Income areas in response to the worldwide convergence of the cash and derivative markets.
Foreign Exchange. Our global foreign exchange operations provide market access and liquidity in all currencies for spot, forward and over-the-counter options markets around the clock. We offer our customers execution, market information, analysis and hedging capabilities, utilizing foreign exchange as well as foreign exchange options and other foreign exchange derivatives. We also provide advisory services to central banks, corporations and investors worldwide, structuring innovative products to fit their specific needs. We make extensive use of our global macroeconomics research to advise clients on the appropriate strategies to minimize interest rate and currency risk.
Capital Markets Prime Services
The Capital Markets Prime Services group includes our Secured Financing, Prime Broker and Futures businesses.
The Secured Financing business within Capital Markets engages in three primary functions: managing our equity and fixed income matched book activities, supplying secured financing to institutional clients and customers and obtaining secured funding for our inventory of equity and fixed income products. Matched book funding involves borrowing and lending cash on a short-term basis to institutional customers collateralized by marketable securities, typically government or government agency securities. We enter into these agreements in various currencies and seek to generate profits from the difference between interest earned and interest paid. Secured Financing works with our institutional sales force to identify customers that have cash to invest and/or securities to pledge to meet the financing and investment objectives of the Company and its customers. Secured Financing also coordinates with our Treasury group to provide collateralized financing for a large portion of our securities and other financial instruments owned. In addition to our activities on behalf of our U.S. clients and customers, we are a major participant in the European and Asian repurchase agreement ("repo") markets, providing secured financing for our customers in those regions. Secured Financing provides margin loans in all markets for customer purchases of securities, as well as securities lending and short-selling facilitation.
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The Prime Broker business engages in full operations, clearing and processing services for its hedge fund and other customers. We offer a full suite of prime brokerage products and services, including margin financing and yield enhancement through synthetic and traditional products, global securities lending (including eBorrow, our online securities lending tool), full-service global execution platforms and research teams, customized risk management solutions, introduction of clients to suitable institutional investors, portfolio accounting and reporting solutions and personalized client service.
Our Futures business executes and clears futures transactions for clients on an agency basis.
Global Distribution
Our institutional sales organizations encompass distinct global sales forces that have been integrated into the Capital Markets businesses to provide investors with the full array of products offered by Lehman Brothers.
Equities Sales. Our Equities Capital Markets sales force provides an extensive range of services to institutional investors, focusing on developing long-term relationships though a comprehensive understanding of customers' investment objectives, while providing proficient execution and consistent liquidity in a wide range of global equity securities and derivatives.
Fixed Income Sales. Our Fixed Income Capital Markets sales force is one of the most productive in the industry, serving the investing and liquidity needs of major institutional investors by employing a relationship management approach that provides superior information flow and product opportunities for our customers.
Research
Research at Lehman Brothers encompasses the full range of research disciplines, including quantitative, economic, strategic, credit, relative value and market-specific analysis. To ensure in-depth expertise within various markets, Equity Research has established regional teams on a worldwide basis that are staffed with industry and strategy specialists. Fixed Income Research provides expertise in U.S., European and Asian government and agency securities, derivatives, sovereign issues, corporate securities, high yield, asset- and mortgage-backed securities, indices, emerging market debt and municipal securities.
Investment Management
The Investment Management business segment (formerly Client Services) consists of our global Private Investment Management and Asset Management businesses.
Private Investment Management
Private Investment Management provides comprehensive investment, wealth advisory and capital markets execution services to high-net-worth individuals and businesses, leveraging all the resources of Lehman Brothers.
Investment Services. Lehman Brothers investment representatives manage client relationships with high-net-worth individuals and businesses.
Portfolio Advisory. Our Portfolio Advisory group supports our investment representatives with asset allocation, portfolio strategy and manager selection advice. The group creates customized portfolio recommendations, monitors client portfolios and analyzes both proprietary and third-party managers to ensure our clients' access to appropriate investment managers.
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Wealth Advisory. Our Wealth Advisory group supports our investment representatives by working with our clients and their advisors to recommend plans for preserving and enhancing wealth across generations.
The Lehman Brothers Trust Company. The Lehman Brothers Trust Company offers a full suite of services, including fiduciary, investment planning and financial planning services. For businesses and institutional clients, the Trust Company structures and manages defined benefit and defined contribution plans, master trust/custody arrangements, employee stock ownership plans and nonqualified plans. The Trust Company includes a nationally chartered trust company as well as a Delaware state chartered trust company.
Capital Advisory. Our Capital Advisory group works with investment representatives to provide integrated wealth management and corporate finance solutions for executives, small to mid-sized companies, private equity firms and professional sports franchise owners.
Institutional Client. The Institutional Client group leverages the Lehman Brothers Capital Markets franchise to provide brokerage and market-making services to small and mid-sized institutional clients in the fixed income and equities capital markets. The group also leads our effort to establish business relationships with minority and women-owned financial firms, through our Partnership Solutions program.
Asset Management
Asset Management provides proprietary asset management products across traditional and alternative asset classes, through a variety of distribution channels, to individuals and institutions. It includes both the Neuberger Berman and Lehman Brothers Asset Management brands as well as our Private Equity business.
Neuberger Berman. Neuberger Berman has provided money management products and services to individuals and families since 1939. We acquired Neuberger Berman in October 2003.
Neuberger Berman Private Asset Management. Neuberger Berman's Private Asset Management business provides discretionary, customized portfolio management across equity and fixed income asset classes for high-net-worth clients.
Neuberger Berman Family of Funds. The Neuberger Berman family of funds spans asset classes, investment styles and capitalization ranges. Its open-end mutual funds are available directly to investors or through distributors, and its closed-end funds trade on major stock exchanges. Neuberger Berman is also a leading sub-advisor of funds for institutional clients, including insurance companies, banks and other financial services firms. Neuberger Berman also provides mutual fund asset allocation services to individuals and institutions through its Fund Advisory Service business.
Lehman Brothers Asset Management. Lehman Brothers Asset Management specializes in investment strategies for institutional and qualified individual investors. While our strategies are numerous and diverse, our managers share a dedication to investment discipline that includes quantitative screening, fundamental analysis and risk management.
Institutional Asset Management. Lehman Brothers Institutional Asset Management provides a full range of asset management products for pensions, foundations, endowments and other institutions. It offers strategies across the risk/return spectrum, in cash, fixed income, equity and hybrid asset classes.
Absolute Return Strategies. Lehman Brothers' Absolute Return Strategies platform provides a wide range of hedge fund products to institutions and qualified individual clients. It offers proprietary
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single-manager funds, proprietary multiple-manager funds of funds and third-party single-manager funds.
Private Equity. Private Equity provides opportunities in privately negotiated transactions across a variety of asset classes for institutional and high-net-worth individual investors. Our investment partnerships manage a number of private equity portfolios, with a significant amount of the Company's capital invested alongside that of our clients. Lehman Brothers creates funds and invests in asset classes in which we have strong capabilities, proprietary deal flow and an excellent reputation. Areas of specialty include Merchant Banking, Venture Capital, Real Estate, Fixed Income-Related Investments and Private Funds Investments. We occasionally make other non-fund-related direct private equity investments.
Corporate
Our Corporate division provides support to our businesses through the processing of certain securities and commodities transactions; receipt, identification and delivery of funds and securities; safeguarding of customers' securities; risk management; and compliance with regulatory and legal requirements. In addition, the Corporate Division is responsible for technology infrastructure and systems development, treasury operations, financial control and analysis, tax planning and compliance, internal audit, expense management, career development and recruiting and other support functions.
Risk Management
A description of our Risk Management infrastructure and procedures is contained in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsRisk Management" in Part II, Item 7, of this Report. Information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate, currency, security and commodity price and other market risks is contained in Notes 1, 3, 9, 10 and 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, of this Report.
Competition
All aspects of our business are highly competitive. Lehman Brothers competes in U.S. and international markets directly with numerous other firms in the areas of securities underwriting and placement, corporate finance and strategic advisory services, securities sales and trading, prime brokerage, research, foreign exchange and derivative products, asset management and private equity, including investment banking firms, traditional and online securities brokerage firms, mutual fund companies and other asset managers, investment advisers, venture capital firms and certain commercial banks and, indirectly for investment funds, with insurance companies and others. Our competitive ability depends on many factors, including our reputation, the quality of our services and advice, product innovation, execution ability, pricing, advertising and sales efforts and the talent of our personnel.
The financial services industry has become considerably more concentrated as numerous securities firms have been acquired by or merged into other firms. These developments have increased competition from other firms, many of which have significantly greater equity capital than us. Legislative and regulatory changes in the United States allow commercial banks to enter businesses previously limited to investment banks, and several large commercial banks, insurance companies and other broad-based financial services firms have established or acquired broker-dealers or have merged with other financial institutions. Many of these firms have greater capital than us and have the ability to offer a wide range of products, from loans, deposit-taking and insurance to brokerage, asset management and investment banking services, which may enhance their competitive position. They also have the ability to support their investment banking and securities products with commercial banking,
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insurance and other financial services revenues in an effort to gain market share, which could result in pricing pressure in our businesses. Moreover, we have faced, and expect to continue to face, pressure to retain market share by committing capital to businesses or transactions on terms that offer returns that may not be commensurate with their risks. In addition, the trend towards consolidation and globalization presents infrastructure, technology, risk management and other challenges.
We have experienced intense price competition in some of our businesses in recent years. For example, equity and debt underwriting discounts, as well as trading spreads, have been under pressure for a number of years, and the ability to execute trades electronically, through the internet and through other alternative trading systems has increased the pressure on trading commissions. It appears that this trend toward alternative trading systems will continue. We may experience competitive pressures in these and other areas in the future as some of our competitors seek to obtain market share by reducing prices.
We also face competition in attracting and retaining qualified employees. Our ability to continue to compete effectively in our businesses will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees while managing compensation costs.
Regulation
The securities industry in the United States is subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state laws. Lehman Brothers Inc. ("LBI"), Neuberger Berman, LLC ("NB LLC") and Neuberger Berman Management Inc. ("NBMI") are registered with the SEC as broker-dealers; Lehman Brothers OTC Derivatives Inc. is registered with the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer; and LBI, NB LLC, NBMI, Lincoln Capital Fixed Income Management LLC ("Lincoln Capital") and certain other of our subsidiaries are registered with the SEC as investment advisers. As such these entities are subject to regulation by the SEC and by self-regulatory organizations, principally the NASD (which has been designated by the SEC as NBMI's primary regulator), national securities exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") (which has been designated by the SEC as LBI's and NB LLC's primary regulator) and the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, among others. Securities firms are also subject to regulation by state securities administrators in those states in which they conduct business. Various of our subsidiaries are registered as broker-dealers in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Broker-dealers are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales practices, market making and trading among broker-dealers, publication of research, margin lending, use and safekeeping of clients' funds and securities, capital structure, recordkeeping and the conduct of directors, officers and employees.
Registered investment advisers are subject to regulations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Such requirements relate to, among other things, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, disclosure requirements, limitations on agency cross and principal transactions between an adviser and advisory clients, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions.
Certain investment funds that we manage are registered investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Those funds and the Lehman Brothers entities that serve as the funds' investment advisers are subject to that act and the rules thereunder, which, among other things, regulate the relationship between a registered investment company and its investment adviser and prohibit or severely restrict principal transactions and joint transactions.
Violation of applicable regulations can result in legal and/or administrative proceedings, which may impose censures, fines, cease-and-desist orders or suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or an investment adviser, its officers or employees.
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LBI and NB LLC are also registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC") as futures commission merchants; and NB LLC, Lincoln Capital and other subsidiaries are registered as commodity pool operators and/or commodity trading advisers. These entities are subject to regulation by the CFTC and various domestic boards of trade and other commodity exchanges. Our U.S. commodity futures and options business is also regulated by the National Futures Association, a not-for-profit membership corporation that has been designated as a registered futures association by the CFTC.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules promulgated by the SEC and the NYSE thereunder have imposed substantial new or enhanced regulations and disclosure requirements in the areas of corporate governance (including director independence, director selection and audit, corporate governance and compensation committee responsibilities), equity compensation plans, auditor independence, pre-approval of auditor fees and services and disclosure and internal control procedures. We are committed to industry best practices in these areas and believe we are in compliance with the relevant rules and regulations.
The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 contains anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism laws that mandate the implementation of various regulations applicable to banks, broker-dealers, futures commission merchants and other financial services companies, including standards for verifying client identity at account opening, standards for conducting enhanced due diligence and obligations to monitor client transactions and report suspicious activities. These new obligations are in addition to the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) regulations prohibiting dealings with OFAC sanctioned countries, entities and individuals. Through these and other provisions, the PATRIOT Act seeks to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators and law enforcement in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering. Anti-money laundering laws outside of the U.S. contain similar provisions. The increased obligations of financial institutions to identify and verify their customers, conduct enhanced due diligence on, among others, foreign banks and senior foreign political figures, surveil for and report suspicious transactions, and respond to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies require the implementation of a Money Laundering Prevention Program consisting of internal policies, procedures and controls, a Money Laundering Prevention Compliance Officer, an annual audit and training.
We do business in the international fixed income and equity markets and undertake international investment banking activities, principally through our regional headquarters in London and Tokyo. Lehman Brothers International (Europe) ("LBIE") is an authorized investment firm in the United Kingdom and is a member of the London, Frankfurt, Paris and Milan exchanges, among others. The U.K. Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the "FSMA") governs all aspects of the United Kingdom investment business, including regulatory capital, sales and trading practices, use and safekeeping of customer funds and securities, record keeping, margin practices and procedures, approval standards for individuals, periodic reporting and settlement procedures. Pursuant to the FSMA, certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulations promulgated and administered by the Financial Services Authority.
Lehman Brothers Japan Inc. ("LBJ") is a registered securities company in Japan and a member of the Tokyo Stock Exchange Limited, the Osaka Stock Exchange Limited, the Jasdaq Securities Exchange and the Tokyo Financial Futures Exchange and, as such, is regulated by the Financial Services Agency, the Securities Exchange Surveillance Commission, the Japan Securities Dealers Association, the Financial Futures Association of Japan and those exchanges.
Lehman Brothers Bank, FSB, our thrift subsidiary, is regulated by the Office of Thrift Supervision. Lehman Brothers Bankhaus A.G. is regulated by the German Federal Banking Authority. Lehman Brothers Trust Company, N.A., which holds a national bank charter, is regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the United States. Lehman Brothers Trust Company of Delaware, a
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non-depository limited purpose trust company, is subject to oversight by the State Bank Commissioner of the State of Delaware. These bodies regulate such matters as policies and procedures on conflicts of interest, account administration and overall governance and supervisory procedures.
LBI, LBIE, LBJ and many of our other subsidiaries are also subject to regulation by securities, banking and finance regulatory authorities, securities exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations in numerous other countries in which they do business.
Additional legislation and regulations, including those relating to the activities of broker-dealers and investment advisers, changes in rules imposed by regulatory authorities, self-regulatory organizations and exchanges or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules may adversely affect our business and profitability. Our businesses may be materially affected not only by regulations applicable to them as a broker-dealer, futures commission merchant, investment adviser, bank, etc., but also by regulations of general application, including existing and proposed tax legislation and other governmental regulations and policies (including the interest rate and monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board and other central banks) and changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules that affect the business and financial communities.
We believe that we are in material compliance with applicable regulations.
We are involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business. See Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings," in this Report for information about certain pending proceedings.
Capital Requirements
LBI, NB LLC, NBMI, LBIE, the Tokyo branch of LBJ, Lehman Brothers Bank, our "AAA" rated derivatives subsidiaries (Lehman Brothers Financial Products Inc. and Lehman Brothers Derivative Products Inc.), Neuberger Berman Trust Company, N.A., Neuberger Berman Trust Company of Delaware and other subsidiaries of Holdings are subject to various capital adequacy requirements promulgated by the regulatory, banking and exchange authorities of the countries in which they operate and/or to capital targets established by various ratings agencies. The regulatory rules referred to above, and certain covenants contained in various debt agreements, may restrict Holdings' ability to withdraw capital from its regulated subsidiaries, which in turn could limit its ability to commit capital to other businesses, meet obligations or pay dividends to shareholders. Further information about these requirements and restrictions is contained in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity, Funding and Capital Resources" in Part II, Item 7, of this Report and in Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, of this Report.
In June 2004 the SEC approved a rule establishing a voluntary framework for comprehensive, group-wide risk management procedures and consolidated supervision of certain financial services holding companies, which would, among other things, subject the holding company to capital requirements generally consistent with the standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsAccounting and Regulatory Developments" in Part II, Item 7, of this Report for information about the anticipated impact of this rule on us.
Client Protection
LBI and NB LLC are members of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation ("SIPC"). Clients of LBI and NB LLC are protected by SIPC against some losses. SIPC provides protection against lost, stolen or missing securities (except loss in value due to a rise or fall in market prices) for clients in the event of the failure of the broker-dealer. Accounts are protected up to $500,000 per client with a limit
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of $100,000 for cash balances. In addition to being members of SIPC, LBI and NB LLC carry excess SIPC protection, which increases each client's protection up to the net equity of the account, subject to terms and conditions similar to SIPC. Like SIPC, the excess coverage does not apply to loss in value due to a rise or fall in market prices. Certain of our non-U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries participate in programs similar to SIPC in certain jurisdictions.
Insurance
We maintain insurance coverage in types and amounts and with deductibles that management believes are customary for companies of similar size and engaged in similar businesses. However, the insurance market is volatile, and there can be no assurance that any particular coverages will be available in the future on terms acceptable to us.
Employees
As of November 30, 2004, we employed approximately 19,600 persons, including 14,100 in North America and 5,500 internationally. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
Our world headquarters is a 1,000,000 square-foot owned office tower at 745 Seventh Avenue in New York City. In addition, we lease approximately 2,100,000 square feet of office space in the New York metropolitan area.
In addition to our offices in the New York area, we have offices in over 120 locations in the Americas. We also have offices in Europe and Asia.
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In Europe, we lease approximately 1,600,000 square feet of office space, including our new European headquarters in the Canary Wharf development, east of the City of London. In addition to our European headquarters, we have an additional 15 offices in Europe.
Our Asian headquarters are located in approximately 167,000 square feet of leased office space in the Roppongi Hills area of central Tokyo, Japan. We lease office space in eight other locations in Asia.
All three of our business segments (as described herein) use the occupied facilities described above. We believe that the facilities we occupy are adequate for the purposes for which they are used, and the occupied facilities are well maintained.
Additional information with respect to facilities, certain charges related thereto and lease commitments is set forth under the caption "Lease Commitments" in Note 11, and in Note 19, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, of this Report.
We are involved in a number of judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business. Such proceedings include actions brought against us and others with respect to transactions in which we acted as an underwriter or financial advisor, actions arising out of our activities as a broker or dealer in securities and commodities and actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants against many securities and commodities firms, including us.
Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcome, we generally have denied, or believe we have a meritorious defense and will deny, liability in all significant cases pending against us, including the matters described below, and we intend to defend vigorously each such case. Based on information currently available and established reserves, we believe that the eventual outcome of the actions against us, including the matters described below, will not, in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or cash flows but may be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending on the level of our income for such period.
Research Analyst Independence Litigations
Since the announcement of the final global regulatory settlement regarding alleged research analyst conflicts of interest at various investment banking firms in the United States, including LBI (the "Final Global Settlement"), and various federal and state regulators and self-regulatory organizations in April 2003, a number of purported class actions were filed, resulting in three consolidated actions, against LBI in federal court, which are specific to LBI's research of particular companies (Razorfish, Inc., RealNetworks, Inc. and RSL Communications, Inc.): Swack, et al. v. Lehman Brothers Inc, in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (Razorfish); DeMarco v. Lehman Brothers Inc., et al., in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the "New York District Court") (RealNetworks); and Fogarazzo v. Lehman Brothers Inc., in the New York District Court (RSL Communications). All the actions allege conflicts of interest between LBI's investment banking business and research activities and seek to assert claims pursuant to Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder. In the purported class action relating to RSL Communications, plaintiffs have filed an amended consolidated complaint, containing essentially the same allegations as the original complaints, but adding two other investment banks as defendants (Fogarazzo, et al. v. Lehman Brothers Inc., et al.).
In DeMarco, which relates to Real Networks, the New York District Court issued an order on July 6, 2004, denying plaintiffs' motion for class certification. On November 20, 2004, the Court issued an order granting LBI's motion for summary judgment and dismissing the claims. That order has been appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (the "Second Circuit").
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In June 2003, a purported derivative action, Bader and Yakaitis P.S.P. and Trust, et al. v. Michael L. Ainslie, et al., relating to the Final Global Settlement was filed in New York State Supreme Court, New York County. The suit names Holdings and its Board of Directors as defendants and contends that the Board should have been aware of and prevented the alleged misconduct that resulted in the settlement with regulators. In December 2003, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, reiterating the allegations concerning the alleged failure to detect and prevent conduct resulting in the Final Global Settlement and adding allegations concerning the alleged failure to detect and prevent conduct relating to purportedly improper initial public offering ("IPO") allocation practices, discussed more fully below under the heading IPO Allocation Cases.
Also in June 2003, in the Circuit Court of Marshall County, West Virginia, the Attorney General of West Virginia filed a civil action on behalf of the State of West Virginia against LBI and nine other investment banks. The Complaint alleges multiple violations of the West Virginia Consumer Credit and Protection Act ("CCPA") from July 1, 1999 through the present. The Complaint seeks $5,000 in money damages per violation for each and every violation of the CCPA. The specific allegations against LBI are identical to those in the Complaint and Final Judgment that the SEC filed against LBI and the other investment banking firms.
Actions Regarding Enron Corporation
Enron Securities Purchaser Actions. In April 2002, a Consolidated Complaint for Violation of the Securities Laws was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (the "Texas District Court"), captioned In re Enron Corporation Securities Litigation (the "Enron Litigation"), alleging claims for violation of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, and the Texas Securities Act. The case is brought on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of Enron Corporation's publicly traded equity and debt securities between October 19, 1998 and November 27, 2001, against Holdings and eight other commercial or investment banks, 38 current or former Enron officers and directors, Enron's accountants, Arthur Andersen LLP ("Andersen") (and affiliated entities and partners) and two law firms. The complaint seeks unspecified compensatory and injunctive relief based on the theory that defendants engaged or participated in manipulative devices to inflate Enron's reported profits and financial condition, made false or misleading statements and participated in a scheme or course of business to defraud Enron's shareholders. In December 2002, the Texas District Court granted Holdings' motion to dismiss the Section 10(b) claim. In May 2003, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint against Holdings and LBI, among others, re-asserting claims under Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act (the "Exchange Act claims") and asserting a claim for violation of Section 12 of the Securities Act. In January 2004, plaintiffs voluntarily withdrew their opposition to Lehman Brothers' motion to dismiss the Exchange Act claims, and the Texas District Court entered an order dismissing them on February 4, 2004. Holdings and LBI have reached an agreement in principle to settle this case, as well as the Washington State Investment Board action, discussed below, for $222.5 million. On February 4, 2005, the settlement was preliminarily approved by the Texas District Court, and final approval is scheduled for April 11, 2005.
In May 2002, American National Insurance Company ("ANICO") and certain of its affiliates filed a complaint against LBI, Holdings, Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. ("LCPI") and a broker formerly employed by Lehman. The amended complaint, filed in October 2003, is based on allegations similar to those in the Enron Litigation and asserts that plaintiffs relied on defendants' allegedly false and misleading statements in purchasing and continuing to hold Enron debt and equities in their LBI accounts. The amended complaint alleges violations of the Texas Securities Act, violations of the Texas Business and Commerce Code, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, negligence and professional malpractice, and seeks unspecified compensatory and punitive damages. This action has been coordinated for pretrial purposes with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court.
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In August 2002, a complaint was filed against Holdings and four other commercial or investment banks, among other defendants, by the Public Employees Retirement System of Ohio and three other state employee retirement plans, containing allegations similar to those in the Enron Litigation. Against Holdings, the complaint alleges claims for common law fraud and deceit, aiding and abetting common law fraud, conspiracy to commit fraud, negligent misrepresentation and violation of the Texas Securities Act, and seeks unspecified compensatory and punitive damages. This action has been consolidated with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court.
In September 2002, the Washington State Investment Board, which is a named plaintiff in the Enron Litigation, filed a new purported class action. This action mirrors the Enron Litigation but alleges a longer class action period of September 9, 1997 to October 18, 1998. The amended complaint alleges claims against Holdings and LBI for violations of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act. Plaintiffs seek unspecified compensatory damages, an accounting and disgorgement of certain defendants' alleged insider-trading proceeds, restitution and rescission. This action has been consolidated with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court. As indicated above, Holdings and LBI have reached an agreement to settle this case that is awaiting final approval by the Texas District Court.
In October 2002, two actions were filed in Iowa state court (Linn and Polk Counties) against LBI and Holdings, along with several other commercial or investment banks, principally by AUSA Life Insurance Co. and Principal Global Investors, LLC. The complaints allege that defendants gained knowledge of alleged Enron fraudulent schemes by participating in Enron's debt offerings, making disguised loans to Enron and participating in transactions involving Enron's special purpose entities ("SPEs"), which were used to avoid recognizing losses, and that defendants failed to disclose that information. The complaints allege violations of the Iowa Securities Act and claims for fraud and deceit and for civil conspiracy. The complaints seek rescission and an unspecified amount of compensatory and punitive damages. LBI and Holdings, along with other commercial or investment banks, have asserted third-party claims for contribution and indemnification in both Iowa actions against certain Enron officers.
Also in October 2002, a complaint was filed in Superior Court for Los Angeles County against LBI, Holdings, and other commercial or investment banks by two Oaktree Capital Management investment funds. The complaint, which was amended in June 2003, alleges that Enron systematically falsified its financial statements using improper accounting valuations and false hedges that enabled Enron to boost its reported earnings and that Enron's bankers, including LBI and Holdings, participated in the fraudulent scheme by engaging in certain transactions with Enron. It also alleges that defendants knew and acted on inside information about Enron's true financial condition in connection with its offerings of Enron securities, while misrepresenting or omitting material facts to the public. The amended complaint makes claims under California state law for trading on inside information, for making false and misleading statements and for unfair competition by making material misstatements or omissions in connection with Enron securities offerings, and seeks unspecified compensatory damages, an accounting, restitution and disgorgement of profits. In May 2004, the court dismissed all claims against LBI and Holdings except the claim for making false or misleading statements. LBI and Holdings, along with other commercial or investment banks, have asserted third-party claims for contribution and indemnification against certain Enron officers.
In April 2003, Westboro Properties LLC and Stonehurst Capital, Inc. filed a complaint against LBI, Holdings and other commercial or investment banks. Plaintiffs allege that defendants engaged in violations of the Texas Securities Act, statutory fraud in stock transactions, fraud, negligence and professional malpractice, and violations Sections 12 and 15 of the Securities Act in inducing plaintiffs to purchase certain certificates, or investments, in two SPEs, Osprey I and Osprey II. Plaintiffs also allege that defendants aided and abetted Enron's fraud in setting up SPEs, allegedly falsifying Enron's books and records and in continuing to recommend Enron's stock. Plaintiffs seek unspecified actual, special
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and punitive damages and equitable relief. This action has been consolidated with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court.
In September 2003, a purported class action complaint was filed against Holdings and seven other commercial or investment banks, among other defendants, by Sara McMurray on behalf of purchasers of Enron common stock between October 16, 1998 and November 27, 2001, making similar allegations as the Enron Litigation. Plaintiff alleges negligent misrepresentation, common law fraud, breach of fiduciary duty and aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, and seeks unspecified damages for lost investment opportunities and lost benefit of the bargain. This action has been consolidated with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court.
In January 2004, a purported class action complaint was filed against Holdings and other commercial or investment banks, among other defendants, by William Young and Frank Conway on behalf of all persons who held Enron shares from April 13, 1999 through November 8, 2001. Making allegations similar to those in the Enron Litigation, plaintiffs allege claims for negligent misrepresentation and common law fraud and seek unspecified compensatory damages. This action has been coordinated for pretrial purposes with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court.
Third-Party Contribution Actions. In October 2003, third-party complaints for contribution were filed against LBI, Holdings and other commercial or investment banks by Richard Buy, by Robert Jaedicke and other outside directors, and by Paolo Ferraz Periera, respectively, in connection with an action filed by ANICO, certain of its affiliates and others alleging that Andersen and certain Enron officers and directors are liable for damages incurred through certain Enron-related investments. This action has been coordinated for pretrial purposes with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court.
Other Actions. In August 2003, Al Rajhi Investment Corporation BV filed a petition against rating agencies, law firms, commercial or investment banks, including LBI and Holdings, and others. Plaintiff claims to have engaged in a commodities trade with Enron and to have "effectively extended over $101 million of credit to Enron" in reliance on misrepresentations. The amended complaint alleges that LBI and Holdings were involved in funding LJM2 and the Osprey Trust transactions, that they were involved in Enron transactions used to inflate Enron's net worth and creditworthiness and that they made false and misleading statements in analysts' reports. The claims against LBI and Holdings are for conspiracy and for participation in a joint or common enterprise and seek actual and exemplary damages. This action has been coordinated for pretrial purposes with the Enron Litigation in the Texas District Court.
In November 2003, a complaint was filed by Enron in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the "New York Bankruptcy Court") against Lehman Brothers Finance S.A. ("LBF"), LBI, Holdings and LCPI. Among other things, the complaint seeks to avoid as preferential transfers and/or fraudulent conveyances approximately $236 million in payments made by Enron in the year prior to Enron's bankruptcy filing. These payments were made pursuant to transactions under a swap contract between LBF and Enron relating to Enron common stock.
Also in November 2003, Enron filed two nearly identical lawsuits against LCPI, LBIE and other commercial paper dealers and investors in the New York Bankruptcy Court. The complaints allege that monies paid by Enron in October and November 2002 to repurchase its outstanding commercial paper shortly before its maturity were preferential payments and/or fraudulent conveyances under the Bankruptcy Code. Among other things, the complaints seek to avoid and recover these payments from the defendants. In total, approximately $500 million is sought from LCPI and LBIE, nearly all of which relates to LCPI's role as intermediary between Enron and several co-defendant holders of the commercial paper.
In March 2004, LJM2 Liquidation Statutory Trust B and its managing trustee filed a complaint against the limited partners in LJM2 Co-Investment L.P., including LB I Group Inc., alleging that the
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limited partners improperly rescinded a capital call. The complaint asserts claims against the LB I Group Inc. for violations of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, for breach of the partnership and subscription agreements, for breach of the credit agreement, for tortious interference, for aiding and abetting a breach of fiduciary duty, for avoidable transfer, for breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, for unjust enrichment, for breach of the partnership agreement and for conspiracy to engage in fraudulent transfer. Plaintiffs seek monetary damages of approximately $75 million in the aggregate from the limited partners, plus interest and costs, as well as specific enforcement of the obligation to make capital contributions. The action is currently pending in Delaware Chancery Court.
In April 2004, LJM2 Liquidation Statutory Trust B and its managing trustee filed an amended complaint against the limited partners of LJM2 Co-Investment, L.P., including LB I Group Inc., alleging that the distributions to the limited partners were fraudulent transfers and violated the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act. Plaintiffs seek monetary damages of approximately $75 million in the aggregate from the limited partners, plus interest and costs. The action is currently pending in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas.
First Alliance Mortgage Company Matters
During 1999 and the first quarter of 2000, LCPI provided a warehouse line of credit to First Alliance Mortgage Company ("FAMCO"), a subprime mortgage lender, and LBI underwrote the securitizations of mortgages originated by FAMCO. In March 2000, FAMCO filed for bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California (the "California Bankruptcy Court"). In August 2001, a purported adversary class action (the "Class Action") was filed in the California Bankruptcy Court, allegedly on behalf of a class of FAMCO borrowers seeking equitable subordination of LCPI's (among other creditors') liens and claims. In October 2001, the complaint was amended to add LBI as a defendant and to add claims for aiding and abetting alleged fraudulent lending activities by FAMCO and for unfair competition under the California Business and Professions Code. In August 2002, a Second Amended Complaint was filed, which added a claim for punitive damages and extended the class period from May 1, 1996, until FAMCO's bankruptcy filing. The complaint sought actual and punitive damages, the imposition of a constructive trust on all proceeds paid by FAMCO to LCPI and LBI, disgorgement of profits and attorneys' fees and costs.
In November 2001, the Official Joint Borrowers Committee (the "Committee") initiated an adversary proceeding, allegedly on behalf of the FAMCO-related debtors, in the California Bankruptcy Court by filing a complaint against LCPI, LBI, Holdings and several individual officers and directors of FAMCO and its affiliates. As to the Lehman defendants, the Committee asserted various bankruptcy claims for avoidance of liens, aiding and abetting and breach of fiduciary duty. In December 2001, the Committee amended its complaint, dropping Holdings as a defendant.
The United States District Court for the Central District of California (the "California District Court") withdrew the reference to the California Bankruptcy Court in both of these cases and in February 2002 consolidated them before the California District Court. In November 2002, the California District Court entered an order defining the class in the Class Action as all persons who acquired mortgage loans from FAMCO from May 1, 1996 through March 31, 2000, which were used as collateral for FAMCO's warehouse credit line with LCPI or were securitized in transactions underwritten by LBI. The class claims were subsequently limited to the period 1999 forward. Trial began in February 2003.
In June 2003, the California District Court dismissed plaintiffs' claim for punitive damages. Also in June 2003, the jury rendered its verdict, finding LBI and LCPI liable for aiding and abetting FAMCO's fraud. The jury found damages of $50.9 million and held the Lehman defendants responsible for 10% of those damages. In July 2003, the California District Court entered findings of fact and conclusions of
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law relating to all claims still pending and holding that any transfers to LCPI were not fraudulent and its liens were not avoidable, nor was equitable subordination of amounts owed by FAMCO to LCPI at the time of the Chapter 11 filing warranted. Judgment was entered in November 2003 on the jury verdict. LBI and LCPI are appealing the jury verdict to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and both sets of plaintiffs are appealing various rulings of the California District Court.
In June 2003, the Attorney General of the State of Florida filed a civil complaint against LCPI in the Circuit Court of the 17th Judicial Circuit in and for Broward County, Florida, alleging violations of the Florida Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act and common law fraud. The allegations arise out of LCPI's relationship with FAMCO insofar as FAMCO did business with Florida borrowers. The Florida Attorney General alleges in the complaint that, among other things, LCPI provided financing to FAMCO, despite LCPI's purported knowledge that FAMCO was engaged in "predatory lending" practices. The Complaint seeks a permanent injunction, compensatory and punitive damages, civil penalties, attorney's fees and costs.
In re Fleming Securities Litigation
In February 2003, a lawsuit captioned Massachusetts State Carpenters Pension Fund v. Fleming Companies, Inc., et al. was filed in the 160th District Court of Dallas County, Texas, asserting claims arising under Sections 11, 12(a) (2), and 15 of the Securities Act. The action was brought on behalf of a purported class of investors who purchased in two simultaneous Fleming securities offerings in June 2002 that raised approximately $378 million. LBI's share of these offerings as underwriter was 27.5%. The complaint alleges that the prospectus and registration statement for the offerings contained false and misleading statements or omitted material facts concerning, among other things, deductions Fleming took on vendor invoices, its accounting for recognition of income, amortization of long term assets and use of capitalized interest and the performance of Fleming's retail operations. The complaint seeks unspecified damages and costs. In addition to Fleming, the suit named as defendants ten officers and/or directors of Fleming, Fleming's auditor, and the underwriters of the offerings, including LBI.
The case was removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. The underwriters are contractually entitled to customary indemnification from Fleming, but in April 2003, Fleming filed for bankruptcy protection. Also in April 2003, plaintiffs filed a virtually identical second lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.
In June 2003, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation consolidated certain securities litigations concerning Fleming, to which LBI is not a party, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Subsequently, in September 2003, plaintiffs in the two Massachusetts State Carpenters Pension Fund cases to which LBI is a party, and plaintiffs in the consolidated actions, jointly filed a Third Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint, which, as to LBI, in substance re-alleges the claims set forth in the original Massachusetts State Carpenters Pension Fund cases. Thereafter, in June 2004, plaintiffs filed a Fourth Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint adding details to the allegations in the prior complaint concerning lead plaintiffs' purchases in the offerings, and a Fifth Complaint was filed in December 2004, which added no new allegations or claims against LBI.
IPO Allocation Cases
LBI was named as a defendant in approximately 192 purported securities class actions that were filed between March and December 2001 in the New York District Court. The actions, which allege improper IPO allocation practices, were brought by persons who, either directly or in the aftermarket, purchased IPO securities during the period between March 1997 and December 2000. The plaintiffs allege that Lehman and other IPO underwriters required persons receiving allocations of IPO shares to pay excessive commissions on unrelated trades and to purchase shares in the aftermarket at specified escalating prices. The plaintiffs, who seek unspecified compensatory damages, claim that these alleged
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practices violated various provisions of the federal securities laws, specifically sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act, sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act. The 192 actions in which LBI was named a defendant have been consolidated into 83 cases, each involving a distinct offering. Those 83 consolidated cases, and approximately 226 others in which LBI is not named as a defendant, have been coordinated for pretrial purposes before a single judge.
In January 2002, a separate consolidated class action, entitled In re Initial Public Offering Antitrust Litigation, was filed in the New York District Court against LBI, among other underwriters, alleging violations of federal and state antitrust laws. The complaint alleges that the underwriter defendants conspired to require customers who wanted IPO allocations to pay the underwriters a percentage of their IPO profits in the form of commissions on unrelated trades to purchase other, less attractive securities and to buy shares in the aftermarket at predetermined escalating prices. In November 2003, the court dismissed the antitrust action on the grounds that the conduct alleged was impliedly immune from the antitrust laws. Plaintiffs appealed that decision to the Second Circuit.
In April 2002, a suit was filed in Delaware Chancery Court by Breakaway Solutions Inc., which names LBI and two other underwriters as defendants. The complaint purports to be brought on behalf of a class of issuers who issued securities in IPOs through at least one of the defendants during the period January 1998 through October 2000 and whose securities increased in value 15% or more above the original price within 30 days after the IPO. It alleges that defendants underpriced IPO securities and allocated those underpriced securities to certain favored customers in return for alleged arrangements with the customers for increased commissions on other transactions and alleged tie-in arrangements. The complaint asserts claims for breaches of contract, of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and of fiduciary duty, and for indemnification or contribution and unjust enrichment or restitution. Breakaway seeks, among other relief, class certification, injunctive relief, an accounting, declarations requiring defendants to indemnify Breakaway in the pending consolidated IPO securities class actions and determining that Breakaway has no indemnification obligation to defendants in those actions, and compensatory damages.
IPO Fee Litigation
Harold Gillet, et al. v. Goldman Sachs & Co., et al.; Yakov Prager, et al. v. Goldman, Sachs & Co., et al.; David Holzman, et al. v. Goldman, Sachs & Co., et al. Beginning in November 1998, four purported class actions were filed in the New York District Court against in excess of 25 underwriters of IPO securities, including LBI. The cases were subsequently consolidated into In re Public Offering Antitrust Litigation. Plaintiffs, alleged purchasers of securities issued in certain IPOs, seek compensatory and injunctive relief for alleged violations of the antitrust laws based on the theory that the defendants fixed and maintained fees for underwriting certain IPO securities at supra-competitive levels. In February 2001, the New York District Court granted defendants' motion to dismiss the Consolidated Amended Complaint, concluding that the purchaser plaintiffs lacked standing under the antitrust laws to assert the claims. On appeal, the Second Circuit reversed and remanded the case to the New York District Court for further proceedings, including potential dismissal of the claims based on additional arguments raised in the motion to dismiss. The New York District Court, in an order dated February 24, 2004, dismissed plaintiffs' claims for monetary damages allowing only their claims for injunctive relief to proceed.
In Re Issuer Plaintiff Initial Public Offering Fee Antitrust Litigation. In April 2001, the New York District Court consolidated four actions pending before the court brought by bankrupt issuers of IPO securities against more than 20 underwriter defendants (including LBI). In July 2001, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated class action complaint seeking unspecified compensatory damages and injunctive relief for alleged violations of the antitrust laws based on the theory that the defendant underwriters fixed and maintained fees for underwriting certain IPO securities at supra-competitive levels. Two of the four original plaintiffs subsequently withdrew their claims.
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Juan Pablo Rodriguez, et al v. Lehman Brothers Inc.
In October 2003, LBI was served with a Statement of Claim in arbitration before the NASD, in which the claimants allege that unsuitable trades recommended by Lehman Brothers led to investment losses of approximately $60 million in the claimants' account. Additional causes of action set forth in the Statement of Claim include churning, SEC rule and federal and state statute violations, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, common law fraud, negligent supervision, negligence and gross negligence. In February 2005, the parties agreed to a settlement of this matter.
Metricom Securities Litigation
In August 2002, an amended complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California captioned In re Metricom Securities Litigation. The action is brought on behalf of a purported class of investors who purchased the common stock of Metricom, Inc., during the period from June 21, 1999, to July 2, 2001. Plaintiffs name various officers, directors and selling shareholders of Metricom, along with LBI as lead underwriter and the four other co-managing underwriters of an offering of Metricom common stock in February 2000. The underwriters are contractually entitled to customary indemnification from Metricom in connection with the offering, but prior to the commencement of this action, Metricom filed for bankruptcy protection. The February 2000 offering raised approximately $500 million, of which Lehman's underwriting share was 28.5%. Against the underwriters, plaintiffs allege violations of Sections 11 and 12(2) of the Securities Act and of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act. The complaint alleges that the prospectus and registration statement for the offering failed to disclose material facts concerning, among other things, Metricom's flawed business plan and marketing strategy. The complaint seeks class action status, unspecified damages and costs.
In May 2003 the court dismissed that complaint. In July 2003, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint that drops claims against the underwriters under the Exchange Act but realleges claims against them under the Securities Act. On April 29, 2004, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California dismissed the second amended complaint with prejudice, and the plaintiffs are appealing that decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Mirant Securities Litigation
In November 2002, an amended complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division, captioned In re Mirant Corporation Securities Litigation. The action is brought on behalf of a purported class of investors who purchased the securities of Mirant Corporation during the period from September 26, 2000 and September 5, 2002. Plaintiffs name Mirant, various officers and directors, Mirant's former parent, The Southern Company, along with its officers and directors, LBI, as a member of the underwriting syndicate, and eleven other underwriters of Mirant's IPO of common stock in September 2000. The underwriters are contractually entitled to customary indemnification from Mirant, but Mirant filed for bankruptcy protection in July 2003. The IPO raised approximately $1.467 billion, of which Lehman's underwriting share was 9%. Against the underwriters, plaintiffs allege violations of Section 11 of the Securities Act. The complaint alleges that the prospectus and registration statement for the offering contained false and misleading statements or failed to disclose material facts concerning, among other things, Mirant's alleged misconduct in energy markets in the State of California, the accounting for Mirant's interest in a United Kingdom-based company, Western Power Distribution, and other accounting issues. The complaint seeks class action certification, unspecified damages and cos